Earthquake Guided Notes page494

What is stress? What is strain? How to they compare and

contrast? (make a Venn diagram)
Stress: The forces per unit area acting on a material.
Strain: The deformation of materials in response to stress.
What are the 3 different types of faults? Describe each.
Reverse Fault: Results from horizontal compression.
Normal Fault: Caused by horizontal tension.
Strike-Slip Fault: Caused by a horizontal shear.

Type of
waves
Materials
&
Descriptio
n
Sketch Moveme
nt
Primary
Squeezes
and pulls
rocks in
the same
direction
the waves
are
travelling.
(like a
sound
wave)

Particles
move in
the same
direction
as the
wave
Secondar
y
Causes
rock to
move up
and down
at right
angles in

Particles
moves up
and
down at
right
angles
Earthquake Guided Notes page494

relation
to the
wave.
(like an
ocean
wave)

from the
wave.
Surface

Moves
rock in
two
different
directions
, An Up
and
Down
(like an
ocean
wave)
and side
to side

Particles
moves up
and
down at
right
angles of
the wave
and side
to side
from the
wave.

How do the focus and the epicenter of earthquakes compare and
contrast?
Focus: The point where an earthquake originates. Usually
several Km below the surface.
Epicenter: The point on the surface directly above the Focus.
The greater the distance between P and S waves on a
seismograph the (longer or shorter) distance away from the
epicenter.
Longer
Earthquake Guided Notes page494

What is the name of the scale used to measure the energy
released during an earthquake? What is the range of the scale?
Richter Scale, There is no range? 0-X
What is the name of the scale used to measure the intensity
(damage done) during and earthquake? What is the range of the
scale?
Modified Mercalli Scale, I-XII
Describe the damage caused by earthquakes for a level 1, 5, and
10
Level 1: Not felt except under unusual conditions
Level 5: Felt by nearly everyone. Some dishes and windows
break, and some plaster cracks.
Level 10: Most ordinary structures are destroyed. Rails are bent.
Landslides are common.