The Thirteen Colonies

Review
Roanoke 1587
Sir Walter Raleigh
Jamestown 1607
Charter: document granting
permission to establish a
colony in the name of England
Headright: 50acres/person
Tobacco saves Jamestown
Bacons Rebellion

Three Colonial Regions



New England Colonies
Connecticut, Massachusetts,
New Hampshire, Rhode
Island
Middle Colonies
New York, New Jersey,
Pennsylvania, Delaware
Southern Colonies
Maryland, Virginia, South
Carolina, North Carolina,
Georgia
Three Colonial Regions
Topography
New England
Harsh climate 4 seasons,
Rocky soil, Forest, Rivers
fast, narrow, shallow
Middle
4 mild seasons, fertile land,
flat/hilly
Southern
Warm year round, Fertile
soil, Flat terrain, Rivers
wide, slow, deep
New England Colonies

Pilgrims in New England

Puritans vs. Pilgrims
Move from Netherlands to
Americas
1620 Plymouth (outside
Virginia government)
Mayflower Compact
First effort at self
government
Squanto
Kidnapped by English in
1615
Taught Pilgrims how to
farm
Peaceful relations with NA

Pilgrim lifestyle
Separatist (Pilgrims)
Women
Widows = own land
Bring cases to court
Family
Educated children/ indentured servants
Farming = low profit for England
Large families!
Puritans in New England
Great Migration 1620s and 1630s
Dissenters (Puritans)
People who disagree with religious or political
opinions in England
Massachusetts Bay Company
Build an ideal Christian community in New England
What advantage did the Puritans have upon arrival that the
Pilgrims did not?

1630 Massachusetts Bay Colony
Heavily supplied
Plymouths help
Traded animals/grain
Little problems with NA
Reduced in #s
1,000 people move to
this area

New England: Family Life
Married in their 20s
Many children to help work on farm
Womens duty:
Obey husband
Have children
Manage household
New England: Education
1636 John Harvard
creates first college for
ministers
Education Law in 1647
Parents must teach
children to read and
understand the bible
First public education
law

New England: Economy
New England -
topography
Climate harsh, soil rocky,
few rivers = few cash
crops
Farmed by families-
gardens
Little slavery
Fishing/ shipbuilding/
whaling/ fur trading
Craftsmen- blacksmiths,
weavers, printers-
apprentices
Dissent in Massachusetts
Religious disagreements among colonist led to
Many banished
Create Connecticut Thomas Hooker
Create Rhode Island Roger Williams/Anne
Hutchinson
Salem Witch Trials
Summary: New England Lifestyle
Religion is important
Created towns
Skilled labor created diverse economy
Conflict led to new colonies


Middle Colonies

Middle Colonies
New York/New Jersey
Dutch (New Netherland)
New Netherland = New York
New Jersey diverse population, created by English
Pennsylvania
Quakers from New Jersey
Penn advertises in Europe
Land and freedom of religion
A city plan checkerboard pattern

Middle Colonies: Economy
Middle - topography
Combination of
Southern/New England
Colonies
Rivers???
Staple crops wheat, barley,
oats
More slaves than NE but
more indentured servants that
S
Summary: Middle Colonies
Indentured Servants
Staple crops
Rural and urban city planning

Southern Colonies

Maryland
English Catholics
Proprietors
Owners controlled govt,
wealthy
Starts with farming corn, wants
to make profit so switches to

Protestants begin to move in
Religious conflict
Toleration Act of 1649
First law supporting religious
tolerance

Carolinas
Started as one, split in 1729
because of size and distance
North
Poor farmers from Virginia
South
One of the first to rely on slave
labor
More African slaves than
whites
Grow rice
Georgia
Colony of Debtors
Savannah
Blocks for housing set up
Farms by poor, few rich
Rules on Slaves
Outlawed slaves, farmers
did not like
Eventually slaves will be
allowed because they get
rid of charter, allow royal
rule instead.
Southern: Economy
Southern - topography
Agriculture
Large and small plantations
Cash crops
Tobacco, rice, indigo
Southern:
Economy
Southern
Plantations/Slavery
Cash crops = large labor
force
Slaves > Indentured
Servants
SC most slaves
Slave Codes
Laws to control slaves
Home schooled - sent to
towns
Religion practiced at
home
Summary: Southern Lifestyle
Based on agriculture/cash crops
Religion important
Spread out therefore self-dependent
Slavery

Government in the Colonies
Starting a Colony - Charter
Three forms-
Proprietary (MD)
Company (VA, MA)
Royal (GA)
Privy Council

Governing the Colonies
Colonies govern themselves, how?
Governor-
enforce English policy
Advisory councils
Colonial Assemblies (General Court in NE)
ex. House of Burgesses in VA
Make laws, taxes, organize local govt, military


Governing the Colonies:
Governors
Royal
King appoints
Company
Colonial Assemblies elect
Proprietary
Proprietor appoints, approved by King
Governing the Colonies:
Advisory Councils
Advisory Councils (in all three)
Appointed by Governor
Elected by public

Governing the Colonies:
Colonial Assemblies
Modeled on English Parliament
bicameral legislature
Colonist Elect the Assembly
Run by town/county meetings
Legislature: makes laws
Each town 2-3 reps
Boston, Salem, Mystic, Newton and more from New Hampshire to
Massachusetts
Reps elect governor ( vs. a Royal Governor)
Example: Jamestown, VA
House of Burgesses
Council of State/House of Burgesses
Government
King/Queen (President)
Privy Council (Cabinet)
Governor (State Governor)
Advisory Council (Governors advisors)
Colonial Assembly (Congress)
Town Meetings
(public voice in government = democracy)
Governing the Colonies
Town meetings
In New England (each
towns affairs)
County meetings
Southern Colonies
Both
Middle Colonies


Governing the Colonies: Courts
Courts
Reflect each colony
Religious? (MA)
Summary: Government
Three types of colonies: Company, Proprietary,
Royal
Structured like England
Governor- enforce English/colonial policies
Advisory Council advise governor
Colonial Assemblies make laws

James II
New York, New Jersey, and
really ALL colonies
Wants more control
Dominion of New England
Edmund Andros
Glorious Revolution- James
II overthrown
Colonies kick out Andros
EFFECT: Conflict begins
between Colonies and
England.

Trading
England made $ by Mercantilism (Wealth
from Trading)
Favorable Balance of Trade: More Exports and
Fewer Imports
Trading
Navigation Acts Regulate trade with colonies
Enumerated Articles: Specific items can only be
traded with England
Sugar, tobacco, cotton
Use English ships
Stop at English ports and pay Duties
Trading
English View
Colonies have a Protected Market
Pros outweigh Cons
Colonist View
English demand determines price
Tobacco (too much and couldnt sell to other countries)
Smuggling up
Triangular Trade
British West Indies important in trade
Slave trade successful ships made in New England
Middle Passage Slave trade from Africa to Americas