LOGO

Tmhiu h thng H323

Hng dn: Ths.Ng Khc Thun
Nhm:
Bi Thanh Sn 0620064
Phm Gia nh 0620126
B Nht Trng 0620084
ng Khnh Ton 0620080
Nguyn HunhThanh Tho 0620072
Contents
VOIP
1.
H323
2.
3.
So snh SIP v H323
Tng quan v Voip
Gii thiu:
Dch v in thoi IP (Voip - Voice
over Internet Protocol) l dch v
ng dng cao cp cho php truyn ti
cc cuc m thoi s dng h tng
mng IP.
Nguyn tc lm vic ca Voip da
trn cng ngh chuyn mch gi v
da vo nguyn l lm vic ca mng
Internet.
Tng quan v Voip
VoIP da trn s kt hp ca mng chuyn
mch knh v chuyn mch gi (mng IP).
Mng chuyn mch knh:
- Knh truyn dn dnh ring c thit lp gia hai thit b
u cui
- Bng thng ca knh dnh ring c m bo v c nh
trong qu trnh lin lc (64Kbps i vi mng in thoi
PSTN).
- tr thng tin l rt nh ch c thi gian truyn thng tin trn
knh.
Tng quan v Voip
Mng chuyn mch gi:
- S dng h thng lu tr ri truyn ti cc nt mng.
(Store and Forward).
- Thng tin c chia thnh cc gi
- Khng c knh dnh ring no c thit lp, bng thng
ca knh logic gia hai thit b u cui thng khng c
nh
- tr thng tin ln hn mng chuyn mch knh rt nhiu
Tng quan v Voip
Tng quan v Voip
Trong Voip c th c s tham gia ca 3 i tng
cung cp dch v sau:
Nh cung cp Internet ISP (Internet Service Provider)
Nh cung cp dch v in thai Internet ITSP (Internet
Telephone Service Provider)
Nh cung cp dch v mng chuyn mch knh
Tng quan v Voip
M hnh truyn thng trong mt doanh nghip
khi khng xi VoIP:
Tng quan v Voip
V khi tch hp VoIP :
Khi voice v data s c truyn ti trn IP qua cng 1 ng mng.
Tng quan v Voip
M hnh kt ni :
V c bn c th chia thnh 4 lai:
1. Computer-to-computer
2. Computer-to-telephone
3. Telephone-to-compute
4. Telephone-to-telephone
Tng quan v Voip
M hnh kt ni :
Tng quan v Voip
Cu hnh mng in
thai IP:
- Gateway
- Gatekeeper
- VoIP Server
- IP Network
- End User Equipments
Gatekeeper
Gateway
Gateway
DNS Server
M ng chuyn
m ch k nh
IP Network
PC
Telephone
M ng chuyn
m ch k nh
Telephone
PC
Cu hnh
Gateway: ng vai tr lm phn t cu ni v ch tham
gia vo cuc gi khi c s chuyn tip t mng H.323
(mng LAN hay mng Internet) sang mng phi H.323
(mng chuyn mch knh hay PSTN). Mt gateway c
th kt ni vt l vi mt hay nhiu mng IP hoc mng
chuyn mch knh.
Gatekeeper: l phn t chu trch nhim qun l vic
ng k, chp nhn v trng thi ca cc thit b u
cui v gateway. Gatekeeper c th tham gia vo vic
qun l vng, x l v bo hiu cuc gi, xc nh
ng dn truyn bo hiu cuc gi v ni dung mi
cuc gi.
Cu hnh
VoIP Server: l cc my ch trung tm c chc nng
nh tuyn v bo mt cho cc cuc gi VoIP .
IP Network : cho php cc thit b u cui, Gateway,
Gatekeeper truy nhp vo mng IP thng qua c s h
tng sn c.
End User Equipments: l mt nt cui trong cu hnh
ca mng in thai IP
- in thoi truyn thng vi IP adapter
- Softphone v my tnh c nhn (PC) : bao gm 1 headphone,
1 phn mm v 1 kt ni Internet
- IP phone
H323
*Khi Nim H323
*Cc giao thc
Terminal
Gatekeeper
Gateway
MCU
*Chng giao thc
*Cc giai on chnh
*Hot ng ring l
*V d
Tng quan
H323
M hnh h
thng
H323
Hot ng
TNG QUAN V H323
Khi nim H323 :
5/1996 : ITU-T ph chun c t H323.
H323 cung cp nn tng k thut cho truyn thoi,
hnh nh, s liu mt cch ng thi qua mng IP.
H323 cng gii quyt cc ng dng ct li ca
in thoi IP ( nh ngha tiu chun v tr, cc
mc u tin )
H323 bao gm c chc nng iu khin cuc
gi, qun l thng tin a phng tin, qun l
bng thng, cung cp giao din gia
mng LAN v cc mng khc.
CU TRC H323
Hnh 4.1. Cau truc cua H.323
au cuoi H.323
Gatekeeper
MCU
Gateway
au cuoi H.323
ISDN
PSTN
CC THNH PHN TRONG CU TRC H323
Terminal l im cui
trong mng cung cp
thng tin thi gian
thc, hai chiu.
Tt c cc Terminal
u yu cu h tr
H225, H245,
Q931, RAS,
RTP/RTCP
THIT B U CUI ( TERMINAL )
CC THNH PHN TRONG CU TRC H323
GATEWAY
Phc v cho hot ng tng tc gia cc
thit b trong h thng mng IP vi cc
thit b trong mng chuyn mch knh.
Chc nng :
Chuyn i giao thc trong qu trnh
thit lp.
Gii phng cuc gi.
Chuyn i khun dng d liu gia
hai mng khc nhau.
Cu trc Gateway H323 bao gm :
Khi chc nng ca thit b H323.
Khi chc nng ca thit b chuyn mch
knh.
Khi chc nng chuyn i.
CC THNH PHN TRONG CU TRC H323
GATEKEEPER
y l thnh phn quan
trng trong cu trc H323
v c chc nng qun l.
Chc nng :
Chc nng dch a ch.
iu khin truy nhp.
iu khin bng thng.
Qun l vng
Qun l cuc gi.
CC THNH PHN TRONG CU TRC H323
MCU ( MULTIPOINT CONTROL UNIT )
Cung cp kh nng nhiu thit b u cui v
Gateway cng tham gia vo mt hi ngh lin kt
a im.
MCU bao gm mt MC ( Multipoint Controller )
v mt MP ( Multipoint Processor ).
Chc nng :
iu tit kh nng audio, video, data gia cc
thit b u cui.
iu khin ti nguyn ca hi ngh.
CC GIAO THC S DNG TRONG H323
KIN TRC PHN TNG GIAO THC TRONG H323
GIAO THC RAS
( REGISTRATION/ADMISSION/STATUS )
CC GIAO THC S DNG TRONG H323
Cc bn tin RAS c dng trao i gia cc u cui
v cc Gatekeeper cho cc chc nng nh tm Gatekeeper,
ng k, qun l gii thng
Knh bo hiu RAS c ti i trong gi tin UDP mang
thng ip dng trong qu trnh tm Gatekeeper v ng
k.
S dng thi gian timeout v bn tin RIP trong qu trnh
truyn nhn cc thng ip.
CC GIAO THC S DNG TRONG H323
Cc bn tin dng trong
giao thc RAS
CC GIAO THC S DNG TRONG H323
GIAO THC BO HIU CUC GI H225
H225 c dng thit lp lin kt gia cc im
cui H323 ( u cui, gateway ), qua lin kt d
liu thi gian thc s c truyn i.
Do yu cu tin cy nn cc thng bo ca H225 s
c truyn i trong gi tin TCP.
CC GIAO THC S DNG TRONG H323
CC THNG IP S DNG TRONG BO HIU CUC GI
CC GIAO THC S DNG TRONG H323
GIAO THC IU KHIN CUC GI H245
Knh iu khin truyn thng H245 truyn ti cc
thng ip iu khin phc v cho cc chc nng khi
u truyn thng media v thit lp cc knh logic cho
tn hiu media.
CC GIAO THC S DNG TRONG H323
CC THNG IP IU
KHIN H245
CC GIAO THC S DNG TRONG H323
GIAO THC VN CHUYN THI GIAN THC
(RTP/RTCP)
L mt th tc da trn k thut IP to ra cc h tr truyn
ti cc d liu yu cu thi gian thc.
Chc nng : nhn din loi d liu, s trnh t, tham s thi
gian v gim st tin trnh gi.
RTP s dng tem thi gian khi phc cc d liu thi
gian thc.
RTP ( REALTIME TRANSPORT PROTOCOL)
CC GIAO THC S DNG TRONG H323
RTCP l giao thc h tr cho RTP, gim st cht lng ca
qu trnh phn phi d liu v cung cp thng tin phn hi
v cht lng truyn d liu
RTCP ( REALTIME TRANSPORT CONTROL PROTOCOL)
1.Chng giao thc
H.225 (Q.931) H.245 T.120 G.7xx H.26x
RTP
RTCP RAS
TCP UDP
IP
Hnh 4.3. Chong giao thc H.323
ieu khien D lieu Audio Video ieu khien
2.Cc giai on chnh ca hot ng H323
Phat hien
ang k
Thiet lap ket noi
Thay oi dung lng
Thay oi kenh logic
Truyen tai
Ket thuc
Hnh 4.4. Cac giai oan chnh cua H.323
RAS va Q.931
H.245
RAS
3.Hoat ng tng giai on
3.1 Pht hin Gatekeeper:
Hnh 4.7. Hoat ong phat hien Gatekeeper
GRQ
GCF/GRJ
1
2
Gatekeeper
iem cuoi
--Trong giai on ny cc im cui s pht cc bn tin GRQ(Gatekeeper
request) theo chu k.
--Trong trng hp xy ra li ,danh sch cc gatekeeper thay th c lu
trng Alternate Gatekeeper trong cc bn tin GCF(Gatekeeper
confirmation) v RGF.
UNICAST
GRQ gi trn cng
1719 ca giao thc
UDP v i ch IP mc
nh ca n
Hai c ch
pht hin
MUNICAST
GRQ gi theo a ch
multicast 224.0.1.41().
u cui c th nhn c
nhiu bn tin GCF ca cc
gatekeeper trn mng().
3.2 Hot ng ng k :
- Cung cp cho gatekeeper s cng cng nh a ch ca im cui.
Hnh 4.8. Tien trnh ang k
RRQ
RCF/RRJ
iem cuoi
Gatekeeper
URQ
UCF/URJ
URQ
UCF
1
2
3
4
5
6
- Ch thch :RRQ(registration request),URQ(unregister request).
3.3 Hot ng thit lp knh:
-- Knh iu khin H.245 c thit lp gia gateway A v gateway B.Cc bn tin
s dng TCS(Terminal capability set), TCSA(Terminal capability set acknowledge),
OLC(Open logical channel), OLCA.
Gateway A Gateway B
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Hnh 4.9. Tien trnh thiet lap kenh media
1.A gi bn tin TCS
2.B gi TCSA
3.B gi TCS
4.A gi TCSA
5.A gi bn tin OLC v a ch RTCP
6.B gi bn tin OLCA v a ch RTP phn
phi ca B,RTCP nhn t A
7.B gi bn tin OLC v a ch RTCP
8.A gi bn tin OLCA v a ch RTP phn
phi ca A,RTCP nhn t B
3.4 Thay i bng thng :
-- Cc im cui hoc Gateway cng c th yu cu thay i bng thng.
Cc tp tin trao i l BRQ(qu trnh1, 4)/BCF(qu trnh 2, 5).Giai on 3, 6
l giai on thit lp knh logic.
Hnh 4.10. Hoat ong thay oi bang thong
Gateway Gateway
1
2
3
4
5
6
Gatekeeper
4.Cc thit lp c bn
1. Thit lp cuc gi Gatekeeper ni vng:
-- Cc bn tin s dng : ARQ( Acknowledge request), ACF, bn tin thit lp cuc gi
Q.931.Cc giai on nh sau:
Hnh 4.11. Thiet lap cuoc goi Gatekeeper
noi vung
4
8
Gatewa
y A
Gatekeep
er
Gatewa
y B
1
2
3 6
5
7
1: Quay s.
2: Gi ARQ( yu cu cho php gi n B).
3: Gi ACF vi ia ch IP ca gateway B.
4: Gateway A gi bn tin Q.931 cho gateway B vi
s in thoi ca B.
5: Gi ARQ( yu cu cho php tr li
cuc gi t A).
6: Gi ACF vi a ch IP ca gateway A.
7: Gateway b thit lp cuc gi n u cui B.
8: Khi B tr li ,gateway B gi Q.931 n gateway A.
2.Thit lp cuc gi Gatekeeper lin vng:
-- Khc vi ni vng l c s lin kt gia hai Gatekeeper trn mng thit lp cuc gi
cho hai thu bao u cui.
-- Cc bn tin s dng ARQ, ACF, RIP( routing information photocol), LRQ( location request),
LCF v Q.931.
LRQ
RIP LCF+IP(Gateway B)
ACF+IP(Gateway B)
Hnh 4.12. Thiet lap cuoc goi Gatekeeper lien vung
6
10
2
3
7 8
Gatekeeper A
Gateway A
Gatekeeper B
Gateway B
3
4
1
5
9
3.Ngt kt ni gia hai u cui H.323 lin vng:
-- Cc bn tin s dng: DRQ(Disconnect request),DCF,Q.931.
DRQ DCF DCF DRQ
Hy kt ni Gii phng cuc gi Q.931 Gc my
Hnh 4.13. Ngat ket noi Gatekeeper lien vung
Gatekeeper A
Gateway A
Gatekeeper B
Gateway B
1
2 3
4
5 6
7
B A
Gii phng cuc gi
Mt thit b u cui c th kt thc cuc gi theo cc bc ca th tc sau:
1. Dng truyn lung tn hiu video khi kt thc truyn mt nh, sau ng tt c cc knh logic phc v
truyn video.
2. Dng truyn d liu v ng tt c cc knh logic dng truyn d liu.
3. Dng truyn audio sau ng tt c cc knh logic dng truyn audio.
4. Truyn tn hiu trn knh iu khin H.245 bo cho thu bao u kia bit n mun kt thc cuc gi.
Sau n dng truyn cc bn tin H.245 v ng knh iu khin H.245.
5. N s ch nhn tn hiu kt thc t thu bao u kia v s ng knh iu khin H.245.
6. Nu knh bo hiu cuc gi ang m, th n s truyn i tn hiu ngt sau ng knh bo hiu.
7. N cng c th kt thc cuc gi theo cc th tc sau: Mt u cui nhn tn hiu kt thc m trc n
khng truyn i tn hiu yu cu, n s ln lt thc hin cc bc t 1 n 6 trn ch b qua bc 5.
Trong mt cuc gi khng c s tham gia ca Gatekeeper th ch cn thc hin cc bc t 1 n 6
Nhng trong cuc gi c s tham gia ca Gatekeeper th cn c hot ng gii phng bng tn. V vy sau khi
thc hin cc bc t 1 n 6, mi u cui s truyn tn hiu ti Gatekeeper. Sau Gatekeeper s c tn
hiu p tr. Sau u cui s khng gi tn hiu ti Gatekeeper na v khi cuc gi kt thc.
Xy dng h thng H.323
1. Gatekeeper : s dng gatekeeper GNUGK
2. H.323 terminal : s dng open phone (Ta c th s dng lun phn mm Microsoft
Netmeeting trong windown lm softphone thc hin cuc gi v phn mm ny c xy
dng trn giao thc H.323. N c s dng rng ri nh mt softphone cho chun H.323. N
h tr nhiu ng dung nh: gi in thoi video, text chat, instanst mesege
Xy dng h thng chuyn i
-- chuyn i gia h thng SIP v H.323, ta s xy dng mt Gateway nm gia hai mng thc hin
vic chuyn i.
-- Gateway chuyn i t h thng SIP sang h thng H.323:
+ Khi mt thu bao SIP c yu cu khi to cuc gi n thu bao H.323 th n s gi yu cu
khi to cuc gi n SIP Server, SIP Server s chuyn yu cu ny n Gateway, Gateway s x l
chuyn i a ch v bo hiu t SIP sang nh dng Xy dng h thng chuyn i giao thcSIP-H.323 cho
mng VoIP H.323. Sau Gateway s gi bn tin yu cu cuc gi m cc thng tin c ly t bn tin SIP n
thu bao H.323 qua s nh tuyn ca Gatekeeper. Chiu ngc li cng tng t.
SO SNH H323 & SIP
SIP& H323 c nhiu tng ng:
Cho php iu khin, thit lp, hy cuc gi.
Tuy nhin
H.323 h tr hi ngh a phng tin rt phc tp nh
thngbo,trao i d liu, hoc hi ngh video.
SIP h tr iu khin cuc gi t mt u cui th 3. Hin nay
H.323 ang c nng cp h tr chc nng ny.
SO SNH H323 & SIP
RTCP RTP
IP
MGCP
Call Control and Signaling Signaling and
Gateway Control
Media
H.225
Q.931
H.323
TCP
RAS
UDP
SIP H.245
Audio/
Video
RTSP
SO SNH H323 & SIP
SIP H323
Ngun gc IETF ITU-T
Quan h mng Ngang cp (Peer to peer) Client-server
Khi im K tha cu trc HTTP K tha Q.931,Q.SIG
Server Proxy server
Redirect server
Location server
Registrar server
H323 Gate keeper
M ha bn tin
ASCII Nh phn
Kin trc,hot
ng
n gin Phc tp
SO SNH H323 & SIP
SIP H323
Lin kt PSTN Tt C
Bo hiu cuc
gi
SIP thng qua TCP v UDP Q.931 qua TCP,RAS qua
UDP
a ch URL (Uniform Resource
Locator )
Host or tel. number
Thit lp cuc
gi
INVITE
200 OK
ACK
SET UP
CONNECT
ACK
SO SNH H323 & SIP
SIP H323
QoS S dng cc giao thc
khc nh RSVP,
COPS, OSP m
bo cht lng dch v
Gatekeeper iu khin
bng thng.H.323 dng
RSVP lu gi ti
nguyn mng.
Bo mt
Ch ng k khi trong mng
c Gatekeeper, xc nhn v
m ho theo chun H.235.
ng k ti Registrar
server,c xc nhn u cui
v m ho
nh tuyn Dng SIP URL nh a
ch. nh tuyn nh s dng
Redirect v Location server
Dng phng php
nh x a ch nu trong
mng c Gatekeeper. nh
tuyn do Gatekeeper m
nhim.
Tnh nng
H tr cc tnh nng ca
cuc gi c bn. Khng c
tnh nng hi ngh, gii hn
video
H tr rt nhiu tnh nng hi
ngh, k c thoi, hnh nh v
d liu.
LOGO
www.themegallery.com