Midterm Enrichment: Sentence Corrections

Section 1: Apostrophes
-Apostrophes do two things: (1) stand in for missing letters or (2) show possession.
Apostrophe Rule 1:
Don't eat out of that garbage can!
What word is missing a letter? What two words does it stand for? What letter does the apostrophe replace?
I dislike it here, and I'm never coming back
What word is missing a letter? What two words does it stand for? What letter does the apostrophe replace?
Apostrophe Rule 2:
!his is the dog's home
What word is showing possession? What is it owning?
!he s"immer's bathing suit is torn
What word is showing possession? What is it owning (onl !"E word#?
Apostrophe Correction $ractice
#imm$ and !omm$ borro"ed their best friends car, and the$re driving to %alifornia
%ncorrect word Corrected word Reason for correction (Circle the reason&
1 or 2&that matches wh ou made the
correction ou did' and then answer the
(uestion that corresponds with our
choice)#
1. The word was missing letter and it needed
an apostrophe to replace it.
What letter is the apostrophe replacing?
________
2. The word was showing possession, and
needed an apostrophe to show that.
What does the apostrophe help the corrected
word show possession of?
_________________________________
1. The word was missing letter and it needed
an apostrophe to replace it.
What letter is the apostrophe replacing?
________
2. The word was showing possession, and
needed an apostrophe to show that.
What does the apostrophe help the corrected
word show possession of?
_________________________________
Seciton &: 'uotation (arks )based on information from http://www.std!"one.org/testprep/ela#/$/%otationmar&sl.cfm *
*uotation Mar+ Rule 1: 'f the %ote comes (efore the person who is spea&ing is mentioned, place a comma after the %ote, (efore the
closing %otation mar&.
-+,ample: "!he "orld is a ver$ big place "ith seven continents and four oceans,"the teacher told the class
)*le 1 practice: -lace a set of .uotation marks and a comma correctl$ into the sentence belo"
' can+t (elie,e how soon school will (e o,er -ohn said to his friend.
*uotation Mar+ Rule 2: 'f the %ote comes after the person who is spea&ing is mentioned, place a comma (efore the opening %otation
mar&. Also, capitali"e the first letter of the word that (egins the %ote.
-+,ample: %had e,plained, "We live on the continent of /orth America"
)*le 2 .ractice: -lace a set of .uotation marks and a comma correctl$ into the sentence belo" %apitali0e the first letter of the "ord that
begins the .uote
-lia said to her mother m! friends reall! want me to go to the part!.
*uotation Mar+ Rule ,:
'. 'f a person who is spea&ing %otes another person while he/she tal&s, !o se single %otation mar&s ( + +) to show the %ote within a
%ote.
''. Also, rles 1 and 2 still appl! to the %ote)within)a)%ote.
'''. 'f the person spea&ing ends their speech with a %ote from someone else, !o mst close (oth the single and do(le %otation mar&s at
the same time.
-+,ample: ($ dad said to me "hen I "as 1ust a bo$, 'Son, life is hard, and $ou're 1ust going to have to deal "ith that,' m$ father told
me
-*le / .ractice:
'. .lace sets of do(le %otation mar&s and single %otation mar&s correctl! in the sentence.
''. .lace the two commas the sentence needs in the correct places.
'''. 0apitali"e the sentence correctl!.
A best friend of mine once told me m$ dear, $ou're bound for greatness m$ grandmother said
Section 2: !itles
-eneral .itle Capitali/ation Rules: Alwa!s capitali"e the first and last word of an! title, as well as all nons, pronons, ,er(s, and
ad$ecti,es (with the e1ception of the articles 2the,3 2a,3 and 2an3).
.itle Rule 1: 4hort wor&s, sch as poems, short stories, songs, etc. are indicated with %otation mar&s.
-+,ample: !he poem 3hen I 4eard the 5earn'd Astronomer is one of m$ favorites
)*le 1 .ractice: %orrectl$ punctuate and capitali0e the title in the sentence belo"
5! de 6apassant wrote a ,er! good short stor! called the nec&lace.
.itle Rule 2: 7onger wor&s, sch as (oo& titles (whether no,els or non)fiction), al(m titles, etc. are, when handwritten, nderlined.
-+,ample: Dillon's favorite book is !he 4unger 6ames
)*le 2 .ractice: %orrectl$ punctuate and capitali0e the title in the sentence belo"
The no,el war and peace too& far too long to read.
Section 7: %omma 8sage
Comma Rule 1: 8se a comma to separate two complete sentences connected (! a coordinating con$nction. The comma is alwa!s placed
9:;<*: the coordinating con$nction. The coordinating con$nctions are for, and, nor, (t, or, !et, so. These can (e memori"ed easil!
with the acron!m ;A=9<>4.
-+,ample: 6reg loves pi00a, and he thinks it's great to have on 9rida$ nights
What is the first complete
sentence in the e1ample?
What is the second complete
sentence in the e1ample?
What coordinating con$nction is
sed to connect them?
Was the comma placed (efore or
after the coordinating
con$nction?
)*le 1 .ractice: %orrectl$ place a comma in the sentence belo" and then ans"er the .uestions that follo"
' don+t deser,e to ha,e !o (t '+m ,er! glad to ha,e !o arond.
What is the first complete
sentence in the sentence a(o,e?
What is the second complete
sentence in the sentence a(o,e?
What coordinating con$nction is
sed to connect them?
?id !o place the comma (efore
or after the coordinating
con$nction (read rle 1 to ma&e
sre !o placed it correctl!)?
@Addition to R01E 1: -st (ecase a sentence has a con$nction ?<:4 =<T mean it needs a comma. The con$nction mst (e connecting
two complete sentences for a comma to (e needed.
)+,ample for addition to rule 1: !he girl isn't hungr$ and doesn't "ant to eat dinner
What is the con$nction in the
sentence a(o,e?
1. Write down the phrase that
appears 9:;<*: the
con$nction:
2. 0old the phrase a(o,e (e
considered a complete sentence?
1. Write down the phrase that
appears A;T:* the con$nction:
2. 0old the phrase a(o,e (e
considered a complete sentence?
9ased on the addition to rle 1
and the information in the (o1es
to the left, a comma ( is / is
not) needed in the sentence
a(o,e.
(0ircle the phrase in parentheses
that correctl! fits into the
sentence.)
Comma Rule 2: 'f a sentence (egins with a s(ordinating con$nction (e1amples: when, if, ntil, as, thogh, while) that is followed (!
two complete sentences, place a comma in front of the 4:0<=? complete sentence.
-+,ample for rule &: If I am going to the store no", I "ant to be prepared to purchase all the groceries at once
What is the s(ordinating
con$nction in the sentence
a(o,e?
Write down the first complete
sentence that appears after the
con$nction:
Write down the second complete
sentence that appears after the
con$nction:
1. What separates the first
complete sentence from the
second?
2. This is needed (ecase the
first complete sentence has what
t!pe of word in front of it?
-*le 2 practice: %orrectl$ place a comma in the sentence belo"
When Aenr! didn+t call me (ac& ' cried all night long.
What is the s(ordinating
con$nction in the sentence
a(o,e?
Write down the first complete
sentence that appears after the
con$nction:
Write down the second complete
sentence that appears after the
con$nction:
1. Where did !o place the
comma?
2. 8sing the information
pro,ided in rle 2, e1plain wh!
the comma is placed there.
)Addition to R01E 2: The s(ordinating con$nction mst (e at the (eginning of a sentence for a comma to (e needed.
)+,ample for addition to :ule &:
It "as ver$ frightening "hen :on 1umped off of the cliff into the "ater
What is the s(ordinating con$nction in the
sentence a(o,e?
What are the two complete sentences in the
sentence a(o,e (remem(er, lea,e ot the
s(ordinating con$nction.
1.
2.
9ased on the addition to rle 2, this sentence
needs no comma. .lease e1plain wh! in
detail.
Comma Rule ,: An appositi,e is a word or grop of words that e1plains/descri(es another word in a sentence. %t is e2tremel important
to note that if the appositi3e is ta+en out' the sentence should still 4e complete) 'f !o thin& !o see an appositi,e, ma&e sre that if
!o ta&e it ot, what is left o,er is still a complete sentence. 8se commas to set off an appositi,e from the rest of the sentence.
-+,ample for rule 2: ;ill, a skilled chess pla$er, pla$s tournaments ever$ Sunda$
What is the appositi,e in the
sentence a(o,e?
What/Who is the appositi,e
descri(ing?
*ewrite the sentence :BA0T7>,
$st ta&e ot the appositi,e and
the commas srronding it.
The sentence in the (o1 to the
left is (complete / incomplete).
(0ircle the correct answer in the
parentheses.)
)*le / practice: -lace commas correctl$ in the sentence belo"
The (ag (o! at the grocer! store the (londe one has ,er! prett! e!es.
What is the appositi,e in the
sentence a(o,e?
What/Who is the appositi,e
descri(ing?
*ewrite the sentence :BA0T7>,
$st ta&e ot the appositi,e and
the commas !o pt arond it.
The sentence in the (o1 to the
left shold (e complete. 'f it
isn+t, !o did something wrong.
Comma Rule 5: 8se a comma after an introdctor! word, phrase, or clase that comes (efore a complete sentence.
-:ule 7 e,ample: During the storm, no one could see a thing
What is the introdctor! phrase in the
sentence a(o,e?
Ta&e ot the introdctor! phrase !o wrote
down in the (o1 to the left and write down
what !o ha,e left.
's what !o $st wrote a complete sentence?
What is sed to separate the introdctor!
phrase from the complete sentence it
introdces?
-:ule 7 practice: -lace a comma correctl$ in the sentence belo"
'nside the hose fll of rats the e1terminator foght a grand (attle.
What is the introdctor! phrase in the
sentence a(o,e?
Ta&e ot the introdctor! phrase !o wrote
down in the (o1 to the left and write down
what !o ha,e left.
's what !o $st wrote a complete sentence?
('f not, !o did something wrong, so tr!
again.)
What did !o se to separate the
introdctor! phrase from the complete
sentence it introdced?
/ote: <ther comma rules e,ist, such as ones for lists and those described in the .uotation mark section, make sure $ou're a"are of those for the midterm, as "ell
Section =: !here, their, and the$'re
Rule 1: 2There3 is sed as a pronon to stand in for a place.
-:ule 1 e,ample: I like the beach It is fun to go there.
:1planation: 2There,3 in this case, is standing in for 2the (each.3 9ecase !o are spea&ing if a ph!sical place, 2there3 is the
appropriate word.
Rule 2: 2Their3 is a possessive pronon and, when sed, mst A7WA>4 show ownership.
-:ule & e,ample: !he leprechauns fiercel$ guard their gold
:1planation: 2Their,3 in this case, is showing the leprechan+s ownership of the gold.
Rule ,: 2The!+re3 is a com(ination of 2the!3 and 2are,3 and it shold onl! sed when those two words wold also fit into the sentence.
):ule 2 e,ample: #ohn and great people They're reall$ fun to be around
:1planation: 9ecase 2the! are3 cold (e placed appropriatel! where 2the!+re3 is crrentl! written, the sentences a(o,e displa!
correct sage of 2the!+re.3
--ractice for all 2 rules: -lease circle the correct "ord that fits in each section of the te,t belo"
The girls coldn+t stop (their / there / the!+re) dog from rnning after the s%irrel in the par&. Ae ran into the woods and when the
girls got (their / there / the!+re), the! coldn+t see him. The! ha,en+t fond him !et. (Their / There / The!+re) ,er! scared he
might (e lost fore,er.
What word is 2there3 standing in for in this
sentence?
What word is 2their3 showing ownership of
in this sentence?
.lease rewrite the sentence that ses
2the!+re3 (elow, and replace 2the!+re3 with
2the! are.3
(hint: if the sentence a(o,e doesn+t ma&e
sense, !o chose incorrectl!.)
"!.E: !ther grammar rules than those ou ha3e 6ust practiced ma appear on our midterm' 4ut if ou learn these' ou stand a
3er good chance of getting a high percentage of the sentence correction portion of our test correct)
Please alert me when everyone in your group has completed the work aove and !eels com!ortale with the concepts it has asked you to
e"plore. # will then give you the $ui% to assess how well you have learned the concepts aove.