Born Haber Cycle and

Boltzman distribution,
esterification, hess law
Born haber cycle- a type of
enthalpy cycle used to
calculate lattice.

Boltzman distribution-graph
showing the distribution of
energiesof the particles in a
sample at a given temperature.
Esterification- involves the
breaking of OH bond in alcohol
to produced ester.
Example: carboxylic acid +
alcohol produced ester + water
BOND BREAKING IN AN
EQUATION-
Electrophile- acceptor of a pair
of electrons;electron acceptor
Examples:
H--Cl H+Cl ; CH3---Br CH3
+ Br
carbocation
Nucleophiles- electron rich species,
carry negative and partial negative
charge.


HESS LAW
states that the totalenthalpy
change for chemical reaction is
independent of the route by
which the reaction take place
can be used to calculate
enthalpy changes for reactions
that do not occur directly or
cannot be found by experiment.
POLYMERIZATION
Ethene- example of monomer(
small molecules) reacts with
each other to formed polymer
molecules(long chain
molecules ; made of repeating
units(polychloroethane);
Example:PVC-
Polyvinylchloride- carrier
bag;container made of
poly(alkanes)
1000 ethene poly (ethene) see
the MF