Antennas

No Radiation
d <<
Current
Radiation
No license: PDF produced by PStill (c) F. Siegert - http://www.this.net/~frank/pstill.html
Radiating
Source
Constant Phase
Surfaces
r'
r
(r')
J
|
r
r
'|
Observation Point
Origin
Current Source
dV'
I
dl
r
A
A
A
z
x
y
0
z
r
,
) ( r,

A
B
+Q
Q
E+ E
P
I
dl
r
R
R

1.5 1 0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
|E|
theta
Direction of Wave
Direction of wave
Antenna
r
Power Flow
Antenna
0
Hertz Dipole
Black Box
R
rad
0.5
0
0.5
0.5
0
0.5
0.4
0.2
0
0.2
0.4
F(theta,phi) = sin(theta)
Horizontal Plane
(b)
Vertical Plane
(a)
Maximum Radiation

Null
Max Max
Null
HPlane radiation Pattern EPlane Radiation pattern
H
H
R
1
R
x
y
z
dz
z
To far away point
+
_
H
H
H
H
H
Current distribution
I
m
Transmission line
Antenna
(a) (b) (c)
0.5
0
0.5
0.5
0
0.5
0.4
0.2
0
0.2
0.4
H= lambda / 4
1.5
1
0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
1.5
1
0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
0.5
0
0.5
0.5
0
0.5
0.5
0
0.5
1
0.5
0
0.5
1
H= ( 3 /4 ) * lambda
1.5
1
0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
1.5
1
0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
1
0.5
0
0.5
1
H = lambda
1.5 1 0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
2
1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
HP
HP
Actual Beam
Equivalent rectangular box
R
V
z
oc
x
y
A
B
Wave Travelling inwards
l
E
H
E
H
Hertz Dipole
Z Z = R + j X
Transmitting Antenna
Equivalent Terminal Impedance
Z
L
V
oc
Z
L
Z = R + j X
L
Equivalent Voltage Source
Receiving Antenna
Transmitting
Antenna
Receiving
Antenna
V
1
Load
1 2
Radiation
r
I
1
Z
1
V
1
Z
mutual
Z
2
Z
2
*
oc
V
(b)
(a)
Monopole
H
Monopole
Image
Ground

H
H
Q
I
Ideal Ground
Sources
Images
Q Q
Q
I
I
I
No Radiation
below ground
surface
3/4
I
m

Antennas

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Antennas

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No Radiation

No license: PDF produced by PStill (c) F. Siegert - http://www.this.net/~frank/pstill.html

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