M hnh tnh ton v phng trnh dao ng ca cu:

- M vt di trn cu vi vn tc V v cch u nhau mt on d

- N l s gi n hi
- G l s b gim chn c lp trn cu















Phng trnh dao ng ca h c dng:


( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
{ }
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 4
2 4
1
, ,
, , ,
, , 0, 1,
G
d k k d k k k
k
d k d k k d k k
w x t w x t
EJ k w d t z t c w d t z t x d p x t
t x
m z t k z t w d t c z t w d t k G
o
=
c c
( + + + =

c c

+ + = =

(1)

Lc tc dng ln cu do M vt th di ng:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1
, . , , , .
M M
M i i i i
i i
l
p x t Pu x t v l P x v t t H t t H t t
v
o
= =
| | | |
= =
| |
\ . \ .

(2)
- ( ) H t l hm bc nhy
- ( ) t o l hm Dirac delta
-
i
t l thi gian vy th i bt u di chuyn trn cu, vi ( ) 1 /
i
t i d v =
- ( )
i
H t t th hin thi im vt th th i bt u i ln cu,
-
i
l
H t t
v
| |

|
\ .
th hin thi im vt th th i di khi cu,
Lc tc dng ln cu do N gi n hi:

( ) ( ) ( )
1
, . w ,
N
N j j j
j
p x t k b t x b o
=
=

(3)
Do vy lc tc dng ln cu l

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1
, , , . w ,
M N
M N i i i j j j
i j
L
p x t p x t p x t P H t t H t t x v t t k b t x b
v
o o
= =
| | | |
= + =
| |
\ . \ .

(4)
Tm nghim ( ) , w x t h di dng sau:

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1
, sin
n n
r l r
r r
r x
w x t q t x q t
l
t
|
= =
| |
= =
|
\ .

(5)













Thc hin bin i tnh ton ta thu c h PTVP thng nh sau:


( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
4
3
1 1 1
1 1 1
sin sin sin
2 2
.sin .sin sin
G n n
k k k
s s d r k d r k
k r r
M N
j j i
i i j r
i r j
s s d r d r d l
q EJ q k q z t c q z t
L l l l
r b s b s v t t L
P H t t H t t k q
l v l l
t t t t
t t t
= = =
= = =
( | | | | | |
+ + +
( | | |
\ . \ . \ .
( | | | | | | | | | |
=
( | | | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ . \ .



( ) ( ) ( )
1 1
sin sin 0, 1, ; 1,
n
n n
k k
d k d k r d k r
r r
r d r d
m z t k z t q c z t q s n k G
l l
t t
= =

| | | |

+ + = = =
| |

\ . \ .

(6)
Gii h phng trnh vi (6) . Ta tnh c
( )
1,
s
q s n = . Khi xc nh c dao ng ca rm l:
( )
1
, sin
n
s
s
s x
w x t q
l
t
=
=

(7)
Tnh ton cc thng s ca b gim chn

1) Tnh cng, khi lng
* *
, k m v h s r ca cu nh sau
( )
* * 2
3
1
48
, . ,
G
l k
k
EJ
k m l r b
l
|
=
= = =

2) La chn h s /
d d d
m m = nh sau:
( )
*
, 10%
d
d
m
m
=
3) Xc nh khi lng ca b gim chn

*
d d
m m =
4) Xc nh cng ca l xo trong b gim chn

( )
*
2
1
d
d
d
k k
r

=
+

5) Xc nh tn s dao ng ring ca b gim chn v ca rm
0
,
d
e e nh sau

*
0 *
,
d
d
d
k k
m m
e e = =
6) Xc nh cn nht trong b gim chn

( ) ( )
3 3
3 1 3 1
, 2 2 , 1
8 8
d d d d d d d d
s s
c m m s r
s s
e e

= = = = +
(*). Vn tc vt th di chuyn gy cng hng do nh hng ca nhiu ngi i trn cu.

0
2
c
v d
e
t
=











p dng m phng s:








Cc thng s ca cu:


| |
| | | | | |
| |
| | | |
11 2 2 4
1 2
5
1 2 3
2,10 / , 6, 727.10 , 423 /
1,8 , 2 , 79.6
... 6,15.10 /
1000 , 5 , 30, 39, 0
N
E N m J m kg m
a m a m L m
k k k k N m
P N d m M N G

( ( = = =

= = =
= = = =
= = = = =

1. Kho st dao ng ca rm trong trng hp c 1 ngi i b vi tc ( ) 3 / v m s = .

vng theo thi gian ti cc mt ct


Hnh dng vng ca cu theo thi gian
2. Kho st trong trng hp c 1 ngi i b vi tc ( ) 7 / v m s = .











vng theo thi gian ti cc mt ct

Hnh dng vng ca cu theo thi gian
3. Kho st dao ng ca rm trng hp c 1 vt th chy vi tc ( ) 40 / v m s = .

vng theo thi gian ti cc mt ct

Hnh dng vng ca cu theo thi gian
4. Kho st dao ng ca rm trng hp c M=30 vt th cch nhau 5m v i vi tc ( ) 15 / v m s = .
vng theo thi gian ti cc mt ct

Hnh dng vng ca cu theo thi gian
(Nhn xt : Trong thi gian 30 ngi i trn cu lin tc khong 5s-> 10s th vng ca cu hu nh khng thay
i, trn th ng biu din t=6s v t=8s trng ln nhau)


Tnh ton cc thng s ca b gim chn ( lp 1 b tt chn gia cu)

1) Tnh cng, khi lng
* *
, k m v h s r ca cu nh sau
| | | | ( )
* 6 * 2
3
1
48
1.280 10 / , . 33670 , 1
G
l k
k
EJ
k N m m l kg r b
l
|
=
= = = = = =

2) La chn h s /
d d d
m m = nh sau:

*
5%
d
d
m
m
= =
3) Xc nh khi lng ca b gim chn

| |
*
1683
d d
m m kg = =
4) Xc nh cng ca l xo trong b gim chn

( )
| |
* 4
2
5.8069 10 /
1
d
d
d
k k N m
r

= ~
+

5) Xc nh tn s dao ng ring ca b gim chn v ca rm
0
,
d
e e nh sau

| | | |
*
0 *
5.873 / , 6.1666 /
d
d
d
k k
rad s rad s
m m
e e = = = =
6) Xc nh cn nht trong b gim chn

( )
| |
3
3
3 1
2 2 2.5167 10 /
8
d d d d d d
s
c m m Ns m
s
e e

= = =
(*). Vn tc vt th di chuyn gy cng hng do nh hng ca nhiu ngi i trn cu.
| |
0
4.9073 /
2
c
v d m s
e
t
= =
Kho st dao ng ca rm ti cc mt ct x=40m khi c b gim chm (TMD) v trng hp khng c b tt
chn, trong trng hp c 1 vt th chy vi tc ( ) 40 / v m s = . Thu c kt qu nh sau.



Kho st dao ng ca rm ti cc mt ct x=40m khi c b gim chm (TMD) v trng hp khng c b tt
chn, trong trng hp c 5 vt th cch nhau 5m, chy vi tc ( ) 5 / v m s = . Thu c kt qu nh sau.


Nhn xt: Khi lp b tt chn th dao ng c gim (ng gch gch mu l c s dng b tt chn TMD)