HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL

GAZETTEER OF AFGHANISTAN
KABUL
AND SOUTHEASTERN AFGHANISTAN
Edited by
LUDWIG W. ADAMEC, Ph. D.
AKADEMI S CHE DRUCK- u. VERLAGSANSTALT
GRAZ- AUSTRI A
The Afghanistan Gazetteer, printed originally for secret official purposes, is here published with addi-
tions and editorial changes by permission of t he Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London,
United Kingdom.
The present edition includes the formerly secret Gazetteer of Afghanistan (compiled
in 1914) with corrcctionr and additions of maps and cansiderable new material t o take
into account developments up t o 1978.
O Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsrnstalt, Graz 1965
Printed in Austria
ISBN 3-201-01 272-6
CONTENTS
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Historical and Political Gazetteer of Afghanistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
GlossaryofTerms 825
Mapsect i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 849
PREFACE
The sixth volume of the ~ i s t o r i c d and Political Gazetteer of ~ f ~ h a n i s t a n , cover-
ing the provinces of Kabul, Parwan, Maidan (Wardak), Logar, Ghazni, Paktia,
Nangarhar, Bamian, Kunar, and Kapisa in eastern and southeastern Afghanistan,
provides general information for the layman and specialized data for the scholar,
much of which is not available in any other reference source. Scholars in all fields
will find it indispensable as a point of departure for specialized research on Afghan-
istan. Those with a nonspecialized interest will find the Gazetteer useful for lo-
cating a particular area or geographical feature, and for obtaining background
material of a political, historical, and geographical nature.
This work is based largely on material collected by the British Indian Government
and its agents since the early 19t h century. In an age of imperialism, Afghanistan
became important as the ,,Gateway t o India" and an area of dispute between the
British and Russian empires. It is therefore not surprising that much effort was
expended by various branshes of the British Indian Government t o amass informa-
tion regarding the country's topography, tribal composition, climate, economy,
and internal politics. Thus, an effort which began with military considerations in
mind has now been expanded and updated with maps and data compiled by both
Western and Afghan scholarship to serve the non-political purpose of providing a
comprehensive reference work on Afghanistan.
ORGANIZATION AND SCOPE
In the preparation of this volume, I was able to benefit from the comments, sug-
gestions, and criticisms of a wide variety of readers who examined the previous
volumes. I depended primarily on written sources for the task of updating the
material and could not check my information in the field; but I succeeded in ob-
taining the most recent statistical data available in ~ f ~ h a n i s t a n , problematical as
it may be. New features adapted in the third volume have been continued and
expanded.
Geographical Coordinates. Not all entries listed in this work can be located in the
Map Section; I placed the letter "m" next t o the geographical coordinates of each
entry which can be found in the Map Section. For example, "Ak Robat," located
at 34-56 67-39 m., can be found; whereas "Akinabad," located at 34-42 70-1 5,
cannot be found on the maps. "Bagrami," located at 34-5 70- 13 G., can be found
only in the Qamus-i-Jughrafiya-ye Afghanistan, therefore the letter "G" was added;
and "Adam Khan," located at 34- 68-, could not be located, but lies within the
degress of longitude and latitude given. The letter "A" placed after geographical
coordinates indicates that the place can be found only in the U.S. Official Standard
Names Gazetteer; for example, "Kulam," 35-9 70-18 A.
I determined geographical coordinates on the basis of maps published in Kabul at
the scale of 1: 250,000. If a name could not be located, 1 referred t o maps at the
scale of 1: 200,000; U.S. world aeronautical charts at the scale of 1:1,00O,OO0;
and other cartographic sources. Only degrees and minutes were given because the
primary purpose in giving coordinates (and distances) was t o enable the reader to
locate the entry in the Map Section. In many cases when a place was not indicated
on any maps it was nevertheless possible t o obtain fairly accurate coordinates.
Places were often described as located a certain distance from another, or near
some geographical feature, as the bend of a river, a valley, a crossroads, which
made it possible t o take measurements from the maps t o indicate the general loca-
tion of a place.
To locate an entry in the Map Section, the reader should refer t o the degrees of
longitude and latitude listed below the entry heading and find the coordinates
in the Map Index. For example: t o locate the entry "Bamian" in the Map Section,
note coordinates 34-49 67-49 m. Next, refer t o the Index in the Map Section
and you will find the coordinates in grid No. 8 (A,B,C,D,). The minutes 49 and 49
will be located in the upper right section, marked B.
Measures and Weights. It has been suggested that I list all measures and weights in
metric units. This could have been done with little difficulty as far as British units
are concerned, but I felt it desirable t o give Afghan units in their historical terms.
Furthermore, the situation is somewhat complex: units of measure identical in
name are not necessarily also identical in the quantities measured. I t was therefore
much simpler t o provide the reader with conversion tables which will enable him
t o make his own computations:
Western Units
Length
1 inch 2 5.4 mm
1 foot 0.3048 meter
1 yard 0.9144 meter
1 furlong 201 . I 68 meters
1 mile 1,609.344 meters
1 cm
1 meter
0.394 inch
3.281 feet
1.094 yard
4,971 feet
Area
1 sq inch 6.4516 sq cm 1 sq cm 0.155 sq inch
1 sq foot 0.092903 sq meter 1 sq meter 10.7639 sq feet
Area
1 sq yard 0.8361 3 sq meter 1.19599 sq yard
1 acre 0.404686 hectare 1 hectare 2.471 1 acres
1 sq mile 2.590 sq km 1 sq km 0.3861 sq mile
Weight -
1 ounce 28.3495 grams
1 pound 0.4535924 kg
1 ton (I.) 1.01605 m ton
Degrees
Fahrenheit to Centigrade
1 gram
1 kg
1 m ton
0.035274 ounce
2.20462 pounds
0.9842 ton (1.)
Afghan Units: Length
1 gaz-i-shah (Kabul yard)
1 girah-i-gaz-i-shah
1 gaz-i-m irnar (mason's yard)
1 gaz-i-jareeb (for land)
1 jareeb (one side)
1 biswah (one side)
1 biswasah (one side)
1.065 meter
0.066 meter
0.838 meter
0.736 meter
44.183 meters
9.879 meters
2.209 meters
Weights
1 nakhud
1 misqal
1 khurd
1 pao
1 charak
1 seer
1 kharwar
24 nakhuds
30 miskals
40 seers
100 mans
0.19 gram
4.4 grams
110.4 grams
441.6 grams
1,766.4 grams 1.77 kg
7,066.0 grams 7.07 kg
565,280.0 grams 565.28 kg
1 miskal
1 seer
1 man (12 lbs., if wheat 13 lbs.)
1 kharwar (1,200 lbs.)
British sources in the late 19t h and early 20th centuries describe weights in
Afghanistan as follows:
Herat :
8 tolas - 1 Herati seer - of a British (Indian) seer.
40 seers - 1 Herati man - 4 seers British.
100 mans - 1 Herati kharwar - 10 maunds British.
Actually the weights are a trifle more than the stated British equivalent. More-
over, the seer varies locally: thus the Obeh seer has 10 tolas and in Badghis there
are two seers, one of 12, and one of 16 tolas. In all cases the man has 40 seers, so
that the local weight can easily be calculated, if necessary. Herat weights are more
or less recognized throughout the province.
Mazar-i-Sharif: The Mazar-i-Sharif weights differ considerably from those of
Twhkurghan, Haibak, etc., but are in more general use, though it is said that
Akcha has a system of weights of its own.
1 Mazar seer
-
l1I2 Kabuli seers (11 'I4 British seers).
16 Mazar seers - 1 Mazar man ( 4 maunds, 20 seers, British).
3 Mazar mans - 1 Mazar kharwar (13 maunds, 20 seers, British).
The long measure of the district, and of Afghan Turkistan in general, is:
16 tasa (of 13/, inches)
-
1 kadam, or gaz-i-shari (pace of 28 inches),
12,000 kadam - 1 sang, or farsakh (5 miles, 5335).
The length of the 'kadam,' or pace, appears t o vary in different parts of the
country, but a sang in Turkistan, or farsakh in Herat, is always 12,000 kadam.
The 'gaz-i-shari,' (shari means "book") which is the same as the kadam, is used
for land measuring. There are, however, three varieties of the gaz-i-shari. One is a
tasa longer than the above standard, and therefore 293/4 inches, ~ r a c t i c a l l ~ the
same as the British pace. The other is a tasa shorter than the first, therefore
26l/, inches. ~e s i de s these three varieties of the gaz-i-shari, there is the gaz-i-shahi,
which is the measure for cloth. It is either 3 feet 3 inches, or 3 feet 6 inches.
Perhaps both are in use. Another common measure of length is the kulach, or
fathom (6 feet). This is supposed t o be the furthest stretch between the hands of
a full-grown man, extended horizontally, as in measuring a long rope. Land is also
measured by jaribs, or 'tanabs,' of so many 'gaz,' or 'kulach' square. They vary
much in size. However, 60 jaribs or tanabs appear always t o go t o the kulba or
plough land.
Land is (according t o Sardar Baha-ud-din) estimated, and held, by kulbas and
paikals. A kulba, or plough, is a common land measure in Afghanistan. It is as
much land as can be cultivated by one plough and one pair of oxen. If calculated
at 60 jaribs, or tanabs, each at 60 paces square, it is equal t o about
144,000 square yards, or 30 acres nearly. The paikal (unit of assessment? ) is
4 kulbas in the Hazhda-Nahr, and 2 in Tashkurghan and Haibak. (Baha-ud-din
Khan.)
The average produce of grain per kulba in southern Afghanistan in the time of
Nadir Shah was 50 Kandahar kharwars (500 British maunds). (Rawlinson.) And it
is not likely t o be more in Afghan Turkistan.
Money is the same all over Afghan Turkistan. It is as under:
5 Turkistan pul - 1 miri (no coin) 3 tangas - 1 Kabuli rupee
4 miris (20 pul) - 1 tanga
15 Kabuli rupees - 1 Bokhara tilla.
Tashkurghanl ~hul m: The Tashkurghan seer is equal t o 9 British seers, and the
Tashkurghan man is 8 seers: it is therefore equal to 1 maund, 32 seers British.
There is no kharwar.
Maimana: Accounts are made out in tangas and Bokhara tillas, but the coins most
in use are Herati krans and Kabuli rupees.
3 tangas - 2 b a n s - 1 Kabuli rupee
20 tangas - 1 Bokhara tilla.
British rupees are accepted as 2% krans. Russian 5-rouble gold pieces are current
as 10 Kabuli rupees, or 20 krans.
Maimana long measure is the common kulach or fathom, of 6 feet, and a gaz of
40 inches. The latter is divided into four charaks of 10 inches each. (DeLaessoe.)
Land is measured almost everywhere by the tanab, or jarib, of 60 gar or 60 ku-
lach, square; while 60 tanabs go t o a plough-land. If this holds good in Maimana.
and the length of the gaz is correctly stated, it will make the tanabs, and conse-
quently the plough lands, much larger than is usual.
However, DeLaessoe says measures vary in the different subdistricts. So do the
weights. According t o DeLaessoe, the Almar scale and the Maimana scale are
those principally used-the former west of Maimana and the latter east of that
place.
Probably Maimana weights are in use over a large part of the Sar-i-Pul district.
Al mu: 1 khurd - 12'12 oz.
4 khurds - 1 nimchak, or charak - 3 lbs. 2 02.
4 nimchaks - 1 man - l2',4 lbs.
4 mans - 1 seer - 50 lbs. (25 Indian seers).
Maimana: 1 pun - 1y2 lbs.
4 puns - 1 nirnchak, or charak - 6 lbs.
16 nimchaks - 1 seer - 951bs.
80 seers - 1 batman - 7,680 lbs. (96 Indian maunds).
(Maitland.)
Kandahar: The foundation of all weights is the Indian rupee. There are three
scales of weight:
The ordinary or grain scale, known as the 17 Tomani. (A toman in Kandahar
means twenty of any rupee; thus 1 toman kulladar-20 Indian rupees, and
1 toman Kandahari-20 Kandahar rupees.)
Grocer's weight, known as the 16 Tomani.
Wood weight, known as 18 Tomani.
Each of these numbers multiplied by 20 gives the number of rupees weight in a
man.
Thus in ordinary weight a man - 340 Rs.
Thus in grocer's weight a man - 320
Thus in wool weight a man - 360
or 4% , 4, and 4l/! seers respectively.
The weight of grain is calculated as follows:
Kandahari Rupees Indian Seers Indian Mounds
1 Kharwar 100 mans 34,000 425 10,625
1 Kandahari man 40 seers 340 425 10,625
1 Kandahari seer 85 10,625 26 6
The cash revenue is calculated in tomans, hazars or rupees, and dinars, a hazar
being one thousand dinars and a toman twenty hazars, or 20,000 dinars.
An ordinary Kandahari toman equals ten Indian rupees, the coined Kandahari
rupee being worth eight annas. But revenue accounts are kept in kham or kacha
rupees, each of which is worth half a Kabuli rupee, or rather more than 6 annas
8 pies. Thus a kham toman is worth Rs. 8-5-4 or 8% rupees.
The Kandahari yard contains 4 1 % English inches.
A tanab is 60 x 60 yards - 4,114 English yards or 85 acres.
h d is assessed in kulbas or ploughs. Of these there are two: tiyali or tauili
containing about 75 tanabs, and raiti double that amount. Thus a kulba tiyali
contains about 63.75 acres, and a kulba raiti about 127.50.
The grain assessment is made as a rule in galah or mixed grain, t o which custom
has given t he. proportion of one-third barley and two-thirds wheat. A certain
amount of wheat, d.r i n rare instances barley, was occasionally added in the
settlement t o make the assessment correspond with the area ordinarily sown with
the' two grains. '
(The following additional notes on the currency, weights and measures used in
Kandahar may be conveniently given here):
There are two sorts of rupees in use at Kandahar, the rupee Pukhtaand the rupee
Kham.
The first is the one actually coined, and the second is the one used for all revenue
and other accounts.
The nominal value of the coinage in use is:
1 Indian rupee - 24 Shahi 1 Kandahar kham - 1 0 Shahi
1 Kabuli rupee - 20 Shahi 1 Abasi - 4 Shahi
1 Kandahar rupee Pukhta - 12 Shahi 1 anna Indian - 1112 Shahi
The following is the relative value in Indian coinage:
1 Kabuli rupee - 13 annas 4 pie 1 Kandahar kham - 6 annas 8 pie
1 Kandahar rupee pukhta - 8 annas 4 pie 1 Abasi - 2 annas 8 pie
1 shahi - 8 pies.
Long and Square Measure. The only standard measure of length at Kandahar is
the yard and of this there are two kinds, viz., the "Gaz-i-Shahi" and the "Gaz-i-
Raiati or Bana." The Gaz-i-Shahi contains 14 gira, and is used for the measure-
ment of all description of goods and for woodwork.
The Gaz-i-Raiati or Gaz-i-Bana contains 16 gira, and is used for masonry and for
land measurements.
The Indian gaz or yard contains 135: gira, Kandahari.
One gira Kandahari is the breadth of 4 fingers. The tanab is the only fixed used
measure and contains 60 Gaz-i-Raiati.
Liquids are sold by weight. (Biscoe.)
Jalalabad:
Weights and coins:
There are two systems of computation both in weight and in money.
The one method of computing by money is called "pukhta," and is as follows:
50 dinars = 1 shahi
2 shahis = 1 sanar
2 sanars = 1 abbasi
3 abbasis = 1 rupee
This rupee, estimated by the weight of silver in it, is worth 13 annas 6 pies of Indian
money.
The other method of computing is called "kham," and is as follows:"
10 dinars = 1 paisa
5 paisas = 1 shahi
10 shahis = I rupee
20 rupees = I toman
One toman is worth Rs. 16 and 8 shahis pukhta. The kham rupee is merely one
of account; it has no tangble existence. All the revenue accounts are kept on this
system.
There are also two systems of measuring weights. The one in ordinary use is as
follows:
1 charak = 16 khurds
4 charaks = 1 seer or dhari
8 seers = 1 maund
10 maunds = 1 kharwar
One of these seers is equal t o 7 seers and 13.5 chittacks of Indian standard weight;
consequently 1 kharwar is equal t o 15 maunds 27 seers 8 chittacks of our standard
weight.
The other method is called tabrizi, and is that in which the revenue accounts are
kept. It is as follows:
2.5 charaks = 1 maund
100 maunds = 1 khawar
One of these maunds is equal t o 4 seers 14.5 chittacks of our standars weight;
hence a tabrizi kharwar is equal t o 1 2 maunds 10 seers 10 chittacks of our weight.
Transliteration and Style. The reader will notice that many entries are taken
verbatim from the writing of various authorities. This resulted in a mixing of
styles and terminology, which is further aggravated by the fact that names are
given from sources, including the maps appended t o this volume, which employ
different systems of transliteration. There are names in Arabic, Turkish, Persian,
Pashtu, and a number of other languages and dialects which cannot easily be
written in one system of transliteration. ~ f g h a n sources are not consistent in their
spellings and often list words according t o local or colloquial pronunciation, even
though correct literary spellings exist. I have not felt it my task t o impose my
own system of transliteration in an attempt t o bring order and standardization
into a somewhat chaotic situation. The problem of transliteration and indexing
has therefore been solved in the most practicable manner: terms are written as
they appear in non-technical literature, such as newspapers and most scholvly
and general publications. Exact transliterations, if they are not easily recognizable
t o the layman, are crosr-listed in alphabetical order and spellings in perso-Arabic
script are given with each entry. Thus it has been possible t o satisfy the scholu,
who wants exact spellings, without confusing the layman with a complex system
of transliteration.
Finally, the reader should keep in mind that vowels are often used interchange-
ably, depending on the style of transliteration, and "e" and "i" are used (as in
Registan or Rigistan), as are "0" and "u" (as in Mohammad or Muhammad). The
letter "k" is used for both the equivalent of the English "k" and for Arabic "q"
(as in Kandahar and Qandahar). The letter "i" is used rather than "y" in words
hke Haidar; and the letter "b" becomes "w," as in Shorawak, or "u" as in Au (for
Ab). It is not feasible to cross-list all combinations of spellings, therefore the
reader should look for an entry under other combinations if i t cannot be found
under one spelling.
Statistic: One question which requires some clarification is my use of recent
Afghan statistics. In previous volumes I indicated that "statistical data used in
updating this work was taken from the latest published Afghan sources. It is
presented primarily as a means for comparison with statistical data of various
periods in the past, and should not be taken as absolutely reliable because Afghan
statistics often show considerable variation."
In October 1979, the Hafizullah Amin government announced completion of a
census according t o which Afghanistan's population amounted t o 15,540,000. It
is doubtful whether this census was actually carried out, as claimed, between
June 15 and July 5; but this f%ure seems plausible because it comes closest t o
previous estimates by a number of consulting firms.
I was able to obtain a seven-volume, mimeographed publication by the Central
Department of Statistics of Afghanistan (Prime Ministry, Republic of Afghanistan,
1346 and 1352) with detailed data on the population, livestock, crops, and irriga-
tion, compiled on the basis of sources of the Afghan Ministry of Agriculture and
Irrigation.
I translated the data and included in this volume six tables each under the entries
of Kabul, Parwan, Maidan (Wardak), Logar, Ghazni, Paktia, Nangarhar, Bamian,
Kunar, and Kapisa.
Updating of Entries. Most entries have been updated t o some extent. Locations
were identified as far as they could be ascertained on the basis of available sources.
In addition to this, entire entries have been compiled on the basis of material
available in 1976. These entries are identified by asterisks; passages contributed
by this writer have in past volumes been written in italics. It was not feasible t o
continue using italics; therefore 1 have identified such passages with the initials
(LWA).
THE SOURCES
It has been suggested by a reviewer of a previous volume of this work that sources
and authorities be cited. While it would indeed be useful t o include here an exhaus-
tive bibliography I feel that it goes beyond the scope of this work and that it
really is not necessary.
The reader will find what he seeks in such bibliographies as Donald N. Wilber's
Annotated Bibliography of Afghanistan, revised and updated by M. J. Hanifi
(1982); the two-volume Bibliographie der Afghanistan-Literatur 1945-1 967 by
E. A. Messerschmidt and Willy Kraus, which includes much German material and
some recent sources not covered by Wilber; and A Bibliography of Afghanistan,
by Keith McLachlan and William Whittaker (1 98 3). An important source, espe-
cially for German and French is the comprehensive card catalog, "The Bibliotheca
Afghanica," produced by Paul Bucherer-Dietschi in Liestal, Switzerland. There is
also the Soviet bibliography by T. I. Kukhtina, Bibliografia Afghanistana: Litera-
tura na russkom iazyka, and Vartan Gregorian's The Emergence of Modem Afgha-
nistan, which includes a bibliography of some 50 pages. For the Area of Nuristan,
there is the The Kafirs of the Hindukush, by Sir George Scott Roberston, repub-
lished in 1974 with an introduction by Louis Dupree. Schyler Jones published
An Annotated Bibliography of Nuristan (Kafiristan) and the Kalash Kafirs of
Chitral, (1 966), and A Bibliography of Nuristan (Kafiristan) and the Kalash Kafirs
of Chitral: Selected Documents from the Secret and Political Records, 1885-1 900,
(1 969).
The reader may want t o consult the Afghanistan Studies series, published under
the auspices of an editorial board composed of Ludolph Fischer (deceased), Karl
Jettmar, Rene Koenig, Willy Kraus, and Carl Rathjens. I should mention here as
an example, Volume 14, entitled Aktuelle Probleme der Regionalentwicklung und
St adt geog~a~hi e Afghanistans, by Erwin Groetzbach (ed.), with contributions by
Nigel J. R. Allen, Daniel Ballard, Pierre Centlivres, P. Lalande, Xavier de ~l anhol ,
Dietrich Wiebe, and others. These scholars have published numerous articles and
monographs which are listed in Bucherer-Dietschi's Bibliotheca Afghanica.
Appended t o this introduction, the reader will find a list of British authorities
including such individuals as M. Biddulph, M. Elphinstone, C. M. McGregor,
E. Pottinger, A. H. McMahon, and members of the Afghan Boundary Commission
(A.B.C.). These and the other names given below are individuals who at some time
or other during the past 100 years have participated in campaigns or ~eacef ul
missions t o ~f ghani s t an and collected data on the area. Many of them ~ubl i shed
their findings only for secret British government use and their contributions are
known only t o those who have canvassed British archival sources. As t o sources I
have found useful in updating this volume I might mention the following specialized
publications which are not listed in the above bibliographies:
Important Afghan sources include both the Qamus-e ~u~hr af i y ay e ~f ~hani s t an,
a four-volume, geographical dictionary in Persian, compiled by the Anjoman-e
Aryana Da'erat al-Ma aref, published in Kabul between 1956 and 1960, and the
Pashtu Da Afghanistan Jughrafi~a-i Qamus. They are largely, but not completely,
identical and therefore both had t o be consulted. These works are, however, often
incorrect with respect t o %eographical coordinates and distances given; therefore I
have used the Qamus primarily for checking Afghan spellings of place names.
The reader of Persian will want t o consult the Rahnama-ye Kabul, by Muhammad
Naser Gharghasht, and the Fehrest-i Kutub-i Chapi-ye Dari-ye Afghanistan, by
Husain Na'el.
My most important statistical source was a seven-volume, mimeographed publica-
tion by the Central Department of Statistics of Afghanistan, entitled:
1. Taiihid-e ' ~ m i i m i Natiiyej-e ihfiiJiya Giri Sarwey Muqaddiimati-ye Zerii 'ati-ye
Snl-e 1346;
2. ika 'iya-ye Nu fiis-e ~erii' ati, ~ a ' d d - e Zamindiir o Miildnr, Saheh-ye Zamindiiri-
ye Siil-e 1346 be Tafriq-e Woleswiili-hii wa Welayiit-e Keshwar;
3. Ih?ii'iyii-ye Siiheh-hii-ye Takhta ~ a r ' az ~ani i be' -e Mo k htalefeh Kbl, ~ a ' dad- e
Maniibe ' e Abi wa As y3- e Abi, Sal-e 1346, be Tafrk-e Woleswli-ha wa Welyiit-e
Keshwar;
4. I h~i i ' i y~- ye Maw~hi - ye Siil-e 1346 be Tafiiq-e WoleswiilCha wa Weliiy~t-e
Keshwar;
5. ~ h ~ a ' i y ~ - y e Siihe-ha-ye Takhta zarC -e Nabiitiit-e Mo khtalefa-ye ati-ye
Siil-e 1346 be Tafriq-e Woleswiili-ha wa Welayat-e Keshwar;
6. ihsii'iyzi-ye . . Siiheh- hii-ye Biirah-ye Mowaqti, Siiheh-ye Zamindari, Jangaliit wa
'Alafchar-e Siil-e 1346 be Tafriq-e Woleswiili-ha wa Weliiyiit-e Keshwar;
7. IkSii'iyhye Taiilid~ft-e Na b ~ t ~ t - e Mokhtalefa-ye ~ e r ~ hti-e Siil-e 1346 be
Tafriq-e WoleswdlGha wa Weliiyiit-e Keshwar. Material from the above source
became subsequently available in abbreviated form in the Majmu'a-ye IhsaJivi-ye
Afghanistan, Published in English under the title Statistical Pocket Book of Af-
ghanistan, and published by the Department of Statistics, Ministry of Planning,
in 135011972.
Formerly secret British sources relevant t o the area covered in this volume include
the oft-quoted Military Report on the Hazarajat, Routes in Afghanistan: Southeast,
Notes on the Nomad Tribes of Eastern Afghanistan, by J . A. ~o b i n s o n ; The
Pathans: Handbook of the Indian Army, and The Tribes of Waziristan, by C. E.
Bruce.
A new and important source was the National Demographic and Family Guidance
Survey of the Settled Population of Afghanistan, Volume 1, Demography and
Knowledge Attitudes and Practices of Family Guidance; Volume 2, Methodology;
Volume 3, Tables; and Volume 4, Folk Methods of Fertility Regulation; and the
Traditional Birth Attendant (t he Dai), sponsored by the Government of Afghani-
stan and Agency for International Development, Government of the United States,
1975; as well as A l+ovisional Gazetteer of Afghanistan, 3 volumes, published in
1975 as part of the above survey. All place names listed in this Gazetteer have
been included in this work under the respective woleswalis and alakadaris. A source
on the administrative divisions of Afghanistan during the period of King Amanul-
lah is the Nizam-name-ye Taqsimat-e Mulkiya, published in 1300/1921 at Kabul.
XVII
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
~t is my pleasure and duty t o acknowledge my gratitude and thank all those who
have been directly or indirectly involved in this project.This includes the officers of
the India Office Library and Records of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in
London who permitted the publication of material complied as a result of over
half a century of British research. I also want t o thank officials of the follow-
ing ~ f ~ h a n institutions: the Afghan Cartographic Institute; the Afghan Historical
Society; the Anjoman-e-Aryana Da-erat al-Ma'aref; the Pashtun Academy; Kabul
University; the Department of Planning and Statistics, and the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs. In Afghanistan 1 am obliged t o more Afghans and Americans than 1 am able
t o mention here. Finally I want t o thank Dr. Karl Gratzl and Ing. Leopold Schedl
for helping in the assembly of a photmready copy, produced by this writer.
British Authorities quoted in this volume include the following:
A. B. C., Afghan Boundary Commission.
Agha Abbas, of Shiraz, traveller and author, 1837.
Amir Khan, Duffadar, Guides, Afghan Boundary Commission.
Atta Muhammad, Sub-surveyor, Afghan Boundary Commission.
Belew, H., Surgeon, Bengal Army, Kandahar Mission, 1857.
Biddulph, Sir M., General, 2nd Afghan War.
Broadfoot, Lieutnant J. S., Bengal Engineers, 1839.
Burnes, Sir A., ~ a b u l Mission, 1837-38.
Campbell, Major N., D. Q. M. G., 1st Afghan War.
Campbell, Major N. M., R. E. 2nd Afghan War.
CLifford, Major C., 2nd Punjab Cavalry, 2nd Afghan War.
Coldstream, Lieutenant W., R. E., Bajaur Boundary eli imitation Commission,
1894-95.
Collett, Major H., A. Q. M. G., 1884.
Combe, B., Brigade Major, Cavalry Brigade, 2nd Afghan War.
Cotton, Sir Willoughby, Commanding Benga Division, 1st Afghan War.
Creagh, Major (later General Sir) O'Moore, V. C., 2nd Afghan War.
Davies, R. H.,Esquire, I.C. S., 1865.
Dobbs, H. R. C., Esquire, I. C. S., Russo-Afghan Boundary, 1904-05.
Donald, J., I. C. S., Durand Boundary eli imitation.
Douglas, Captain J. A., 2nd ~ e n ~ a l Lancers, 1898.
Drummond, Captain F. H., R., 1 l t h Bengal ~ a n c e r s ~ f g h a n ~ o u n d a r ~ commission.
Dutton, Captain, Hon'ble C., A. Q. M. G., 2nd Afghan War.
Edwards, Sir Herbert, 1851.
XVI 11
Elphinstone, the Hon'ble Mountstuart, author of "The Kingdom of ~ a b u l , " 1840.
Euan Smith, Major, political Officer, 2nd ~ f ~ h a n War.
Eyre, Lieutenant Vincent, 1st Afghan War.
Ferrier, ~ e n e r a l J. P., a French soldier of fortune, 1845-46.
Forster, G., traveller and author, 1778.
lee, Captain (later General Sir) A,, D. A. Q. M. g., 2nd ~ f ~ h a n War.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ d , ~ieutenant-General Sir Montague, K. C. B., K. C. I. E., Pamir ~ o u n d a r ~
Commission, 1896.
Griesbach, C. L., Esquire, Afghan Boundary Commission, and ~ e o l o ~ i s t t o the
Amir, 1889.
Griffiths, Dr.
Hastings, ~ieutenant-Colonel E. G. G., Political Officer, Kabul.
Havelock, Captain H., 13th ~ i g h t Infantry, 2nd Afghan War.
Hensman, H., "Pioneer" Staff, author of "The ~ f g h a n War of 1879-80."
Hoghton, Captain F. A,, Intelligence Branch.
Holdich, Major T. H. , R. E., Survey Officer, ~ f g h a n Boundary Commission and
Pamir Boundary Commission, 1896.
Hough, Major W., 1st Afghan War.
I. B. C., Intelligence Branch Compilations.
Irvine, Major T. N., Medical Officer, Sistan Mission, 1903-05.
Jenkyns, W., Esquire, Bengal Civil Service, 1879.
Johnston, F. W., Esquire, I. C. S., Secretary t o Chief Commissioner, North-West
Frontier Province, 1905.
Kabul Mission, 1904-05.
Kaye, Sir J. W., 1869.
Keane, Sir John, Commanding Bombay Division, 1st Afghan War.
Kennedy, Dr. H. R., author of "Army of the Indus in Sind and Kabul, 1838-39."
Kinloch, Brigadier-General A. A. A., 1892.
Leach, Captain V. P., V. C., 2nd Afghan War.
Leech, Major R., R. E., 1st Afghan War.
Lumsden, ~ieutenant-Colonel H. B., Guides, head of the Kandahar Mission, 1857.
McGregor, colonel (afterwards Major-General Sir) C. M., 2nd ~ f ~ h a n War.
Maitland, ~ieutenant-Colonel P. J., Afghan Boundary Commission.
Malleson, Colonel W., Kabul Mission, 1904-05.
Mason, Colonel A. H., R. E., Intelligence Branch,
Masson, Charles, explorer, 1 836-41.
McLean, Captain J. G., 14th Sikhs, 2nd Afghan War.
~ c ~ a h o n . Major (later SL) A. H., head of the Afghan-Baluch Boundary Commis-
sion, 1894-95, and Sistan Mission, 1903-05.
Molloy, Captain E., 5th Gurkhas, 2nd Afghan War.
Moorcroft, W., traveller and author, 1830.
~ u h a mma d ~ k b a r Khan, ~uf f a da r , Afghan Boundary Commission.
XIX
MuUa, The, Survey Department Explorer.
Outrarn, Major J., Political Officer, 2nd Afghan War.
Paget, ~ieutenant-Colonel W. H., 5th Punjab Cavalry.
Peacock, Captain W., R. E., Afghan Boundary Commission.
Peart, Captain C. L., 106th Hazara Pioneers.
Pollock, General (afterwards Field Marshal Sir George), 1st Afghan War.
Pottinger, Major Eldred, R. E., Mission t o Herat, 1837.
Raverty, Major H. G., 3rd Regiment, Bombay Native Infantry.
Robertson, Sir G. S., British Agent, Gilgit, author of "Kafirs of the Hindu-Kush."
Saiyidulla, Sub-surveyor, Afghan Boundary Commission.
Shahzada Taimus, Duffadar, Guides, Afghan Boundary Commission.
Shelton, Brigadier-General, 1st Afghan War.
St. John, Major O., Political Officer, 2nd Afghan War.
Stewart, Colonel C. E., Guides, Afghan Boundary Commission.
Stewart, R. McG., R. A., A. Q. M. G., 2nd Afghan War.
Stocqueler, F. H., traveller and author, 1832.
Thornton, E., author of "Gazetteer of countries adjacent t o India, etc."
Wanliss, Major C., D. A. Q. M. G., Sistan Mission and Russo-Afghan Frontier,
1904-05.
Warburton, Captain R., Political Officer, 2nd Afghan War.
Wood, Captain J., Indian Navy, author of "A journey to the sources of the Oxus."
INTRODUCTION
The area di scussed in t h i s volume compri ses what was once t h e heart-
l and of t h e "Kingdom of Kabul," l a t e r Kabul pr ovi nce, and now in-
c l u d e s t h e pr ovi nc e s of Kabul, Parwan, Maidan (Wardak), Logar , Ghaz-
ni, Pakt i a, Nangarhar, Bamian, Kunar, and Kapisa. ( See Fi gur e 1.)
The r e gi on is bounded i n t h e west by Zabul, Urozgan, and Ghor , i n
t h e nor t h by Jawzj an, Bal kh, Baghl an, Takhar , and Badakhs han pr o-
vi nces , and i n t h e e a s t and
s o u t h e a s t by t h e St a t e o f Paki st an.
The s i z e of t h e ar ea is appr oxi mat el y 116, 946 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s ,
compr i s i ng 65 d i s t r i c t s ( wol es walis), 68 s u b d i s t r i c t s ( al akadar i s ) ,
and 5,030 vi l l a ge s wi t h a popul at i on whi ch h a s been var i ousl y esti-
mated a t from 1, 998, 038 t o 2, 481, 844 a s f ol l ows :
Area Vi l l a ge s
Bam i an 17,546 326
Ghazni 32,797 783
Kabul 4,720
Logar 4,409 338
Maidan 9, 699 870
Nangarhar/ 18, 636 825
Kunar
Pa kt i a 17, 772 579
Parwan/ 11, 367 477
Kap i s a
Wols.
4
10
8
3
4
17
Alaq.
2
Popul at i on*
85,108 - 112, 342
314,313 - 414,128
188, 391 - 263,517
112, 579 - 172, 704
113,812 - 148, 517
469,609 - 496,068
*Thi s i nc l ude s onl y t h e a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on ( Pr ovi si onal Gazet -
t e e r of Af g hani s t an and Majmu'a-ye I hsa' i wi , Sal 1350) . Af g ha ni s t a n
h a s an e s t i ma t e d popul at i on of about 15. 5 mi l l i on, and Kabul Ci t y
had a popul at i on of a bout hal f a million i n t h e 1970' s - whi ch seems
t o have i nc r e a s e d t o some 1, 500, 000 i n t h e 1980' s .
For de t a i l e d i nf or mat i on on t h e pr ovi nc e s c ove r e d i n t h i s volume,
see i ndi vi dua l e nt r i e s . (LWA)
In 1914, t h e ar ea was de s c r i be d a s f ol l ows :
Boundar i es. The pr ovi nce of Kabul, whi ch i n c l u d e s Kaf i r i st an and t h e
Hazaraj at , is appr oxi mat el y bounded a s f ol l ows : On t h e e a s t by t h e
I ndo- Af ghan f r ont i e r , a s d e f i n e d i n t h e "Durand Agr eement " of 1894;
on t h e s o u t h by t h e Kandahar Pr ovi nce and t h e Zamindawar d i s t r i c t o f
t h e Farah Pr ovi nce; on t h e west by t h e Taimani and Chakhchar an
d i s t r i c t s of t h e Her at Pr ovi nce, and on t h e nor t h by t h e Pr ovi nces
of Af g han Turkistan and Badak hshan.
Starting from a poi nt on t h e ~ i n d u Kush bet ween t h e Dorah and Mandal
p a s s e s t h e boundar y r uns in a s o u t h e a s t e r l y and s o u t h e r l y d i r e c t i o n
al ong t h e wa t e r s he d bet ween t h e Chi t r a l and Bas hgul val l eys t o t h e
j unct i on of t h e t wo r i ve r s , whe r e it c r o s s e s t h e Chi t r al , or Kunar,
r i ve r gi vi ng t h e vi l l age of Bi r kot , on t h e r i g h t bank, t o Af ghani -
s t a n and Arnawai, on t h e l e f t bank, t o Chi t r al . The Line t h e n as-
c e n d s t o t h e wa t e r s he d be t we e n t h e Kunar and Swat Val l eys whi ch it
f ol l ows i n a ge ne r a l s o u t h we s t e r l y di r e c t i on, p a s t t h e Nawa Sar
peak, t o t h e nei ghbour hood of t h e Si l al a p a s s whe r e it t u r n s s out h-
e a s t and d e s c e n d s t o t h e Kabul r i ver . Cr os s i ng t h e Kabul r i ve r t h e
l i ne r uns i n a ge ne r a l s o u t h e r l y di r e c t i on and a s c e n d s t o t h e crest
of t h e main Sa f e d Koh r a nge near t h e head of t h e Bazar val l ey, i n
Ti rah, and t he n, t ur ni ng d u e w e s t , f ol l ows t h e c r e s t - l i ne t o t h e
Si ka Ram peak. From Nawa Sar t o Si ka Ram t h e Line h a s never been
act ual l y demar cat ed, b u t from t h e head of t h e Bazar val l ey we s t wa r ds
t o Si ka Ram t h e c r e s t - l i ne of t h e Sa f e d Koh ha s been a c c e p t e d by
bot h p a r t i e s a s f or mi ng a s u f f i c i e n t l y d e f i n i t e boundar y, and a c t ua l
demar cat i on h e r e h a s be e n t h o u g h t unne c e s s a r y. From Si ka Ram t h e
l i n e r u n s down t o t h e Pai war Kot al and t h e n d e s c e n d s i n a s o u t h -
e a s t e r l y d i r e c t i o n t o t h e Kurram r i ve r . Cr o s s i n g t h e r i v e r b e t we e n
t h e vi l l a ge s o f Pat han a ~ h a r l a c h i ( Pat han be i ng on t h e Af gha n
s i d e ) , it a s c e n d s t o t h e peak of Khwaja Kurram on t h e Wa t e r s he d
be t we e n t h e Kurram and Kaitu val l eys ; it t h e n f o l l o ws t h i s wa t e r s h e d
( l eavi ng Jaj i Maidan t o Af g ha ni s t a n) , t o t h e ne i g hbour hood o f Sha-
ba kgha r , i n Khost ; it t h e n t u r n s s o u t h we s t and c r o s s i n g t h e Kaitu
r i ve r , a s c e n d s t o Laram peak on t h e Kai t u-Tochi wa t e r s h e d whi c h it
f ol l ows f o r a bout 40 m i l e s t o t h e Ch a r k h e l peak. Here t h e l i n e
t u r n s s o u t h and, c r o s s i n g t h e Mast oi and Margha s t r e a ms a f e w m i l e s
above t h e i r j unc t i on a t Dot oi , i n Wazi r i st an, a s c e n d s t o t h e wat er -
s h e d di vi di ng t h e Af gha n val l ey o f Birmal f r om t h e Wazir val l ey o f
Shawal whi c h it f o l l o ws t o a p o i n t a b o u t 40 miles n o r t h o f Domandi
on t h e Gumal.
Here t h e bounda r y o f t h e Kabul Pr ovi nc e l e a v e s t h e I ndo- Af ghan
f r o n t i e r and r u n s n o r t h we s t t o t h e Sar wandi p a s s i n t h e Sulaiman
r a nge , and t h e n f o l l o ws t h e crest of t h i s r a n g e i n a n o r t h we s t e r l y
d i r e c t i o n t o a bout t h e l a t i t u d e o f t h e Ab-i-Istada l a k e , whi c h it
c r o s s e s , and c ont i nui ng n o r t h we s t c r o s s e s t h e Tar nak r i v e r and
r e a c h e s t h e crest o f t h e h i l l s i n t h e s o u t h we s t o f t h e Mukur d i s -
trict, near Aghao Jan; t h e Mukur and Katawaz d i s t r i c t s a r e t h u s
i nc l ude d i n t h e Kabul Pr ovi nce. From t h i s p o i n t t h e l i n e z i g- z a gs
i n a g e n e r a l we s t e r l y d i r e c t i o n till it c r o s s e s t h e Helmand r i v e r
a bout 35 miles above t h e j unc t i on wi t h t h e l a t t e r o f t h e Ti r i n, a nd,
a bout 50 m i l e s f u r t h e r w e s t , meets t h e e a s t e r n bounda r y o f t h e Her at
Pr ovi nce, t h u s i nc l udi ng t h e Hazar aj at i n t h e Kabul Pr ovi nce. I t
t h e n r u n s i n a g e n e r a l n o r t h e r l y d i r e c t i o n , s e p a r a t i n g t h e Hazar aj at
and t h e Shai khmi r an d i s t r i c t o f t h e Kabul Pr ovi nc e f r om t h e Taimani
c o u n t r y of Her at , c r o s s e s t h e main Kabul-Daulat Yar-Herat r oad a t
t h e La s hka r Rah Kotal, 8 1/2 m i l e s e a s t o f Daul at Yar, and meets
t h e s o u t h e r n boundar y of t h e Tur ki s t a n Pr ovi nc e a bout 25 m i l e s
f u r t h e r nor t h. From t h i s p o i n t t h e l i n e ma ke s a be nd t o t h e n o r t h
e ve nt ua l l y r e a c hi ng t h e Katar Sum p a s s a t t h e he a d o f t h e Bamian
val l ey, i nc l udi ng t h e Yakh Walang and Uppe r Band-i-Amir va l l e ys i n
t h e Kabul Pr ovi nce, and gi vi ng t h e Dara Yus uf , Kamard and Sa i gha n
va l l e ys t o Tur ki s t an. From t h e Katar Sum p a s s t h e l i n e r u n s t o t h e
c r e s t - l i ne o f t h e Hi ndu Kush, whi c h it r e a c h e s j u s t n o r t h of t h e
Shi bar p a s s , and t h e n c e f or war d c o i n c i d e s t h e r e wi t h till it e ve nt ua l -
l y r e j oi ns t h e I ndo- Af ghan f r o n t i e r near t h e Mandal p a s s , t h u s
i nc l udi ng t h e whol e o f Kaf i r i s t an i n t h e Kabul Pr ovi nce.
Phys i c a l f e a t u r e s . The Kabul Pr ovi nc e is f o r t h e mos t p a r t mount ai n-
o u s , a l t h o u g h it c o n t a i n s n u me r o u s f e r t i l e v a l l e y s . T h e l o f t y
r a n g e s o f t h e Hi ndu Kush and Koh-i-Baba r i s i n g ove r 16, 000 f e e t , and
t h e u p l a n d s of t h e Hazar aj at wi t h an a v e r a g e e l e va t i on o f 10, 000
f e e t , f or m nat ur al b a r r i e r s on t h e n o r t h and west. The Sa f e d Koh
r a nge t o t h e s o u t h o f t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t rises t o 15, 620 f e e t
and t h e Paghman r a n g e t o t h e n o r t h we s t o f Kabul t o 15, 440 f e e t .
The pr i nc i pa l r i v e r s a r e t h e Kabul, Kunar, Helmand, and Ghazni .
Th e f i r s t - named, wi t h its t r i b u t a r i e s , d r a i n s t h e n o r t h e a s t e r n di s -
tricts. Th e s e t r i b u t a r i e s a r e t h e Logar , Pa nj s hi r , Al i s hang a nd
Al i ngar , Sur kha b, and Kunar, b e s i d e s numer ous minor s t r e a ms . The
main r i ve r rises near t h e Unai pa s s , a bout 40 miles w e s t o f Kabul
c i t y , and f l o ws t h r o u g h t h e Maidan d i s t r i c t and s o on t o t h e capi -
t al . From h e r e it f l o ws e a s t wa r d s t o Jal al abad, whe nc e it t u r n s
s o u t h e a s t t o Dakka. From Dakka it f l o ws n o r t h e a s t , a nd t h e n t u r n s
e a s t and s o u t h agai n, e ve nt ua l l y de bouc hi ng i n t o t h e Pe s ha wa r va l l e y
a t Michni. Having r e c e i ve d t h e wa t e r s o f t h e Panj kor a, Swa t and
Bara r i v e r s , it f a l l s i n t o t h e I n d u s a t At t o c k a f t e r a n e n t i r e
c our s e of about 300 mi l e s .
The Kunar r i ver rises i n t h e Hindu Kush near t h e Karkot pass, and
a f t e r pas s i ng t hr ough Chi t r al f or ms t h e e a s t e r n boundary of Kafiris-
tan. I t j oi ns t h e Kabul r i ver a t Jalalabad.
The Helmand al s o rises near t h e Unai pas s , but on its nor t her n si de,
and f l ows s out h w e s t t hr ough t h e Hazarajat. I t is des cr i bed under
"Helmand" i n Volume 2.
The Ghazni r i ver is formed some 14 miles nor t h of t h e town of
Ghazni, and a f t e r pas s i ng t h e l a t t e r pl ace, r e c e i ve s from t h e east
t h e Gardez or Zurmat st ream. I t t h e n r uns t hr ough a des ol at e t r act
t o t h e Ab-i-Istada l ake.
In addi t i on t o t h e above t h e r e a r e s ever al o t h e r i mpor t ant r i ver s
whi ch have t h e i r s our c e s i n t h e Kabul Provi nce, viz:
The Sar-i-Jangal and La l , whi ch rise in t h e Dai Zangi count r y and
ar e t h e head-waters of t h e H a r i Rudd-see Volume 3.
The Band-i-Amir, r i s i ng nor t h of t h e Koh-i-Baba and drai ni ng Yak
Walang-see Volume 4.
The Bamian, whi ch dr ai ns t h e val l ey of t h a t name and is one of t he
chi ef af f l uent s of t h e Surk hab--see Volume 1.
The Kurram r i ver , al so, wi t h its t r i but ar i es , t h e Kaitu (or Shamil)
and Tochi , and t h e Gumal r i ver al l have t h e i r s our c e s i n t h e Kabul
Provi nce, and, c r os s i ng t h e Indo-Af g han f r ont i e r , event ual l y fal l
i nt o t h e Indus.
Climate. The cl i mat e is a s di ve r s i f i e d a s its phys i cal confi gura-
t i on. In Ghazni t h e wi nt er is somet i mes ver y s ever e, whi l e in t he
Hazarajat it is even more so. In Bamian, when our t r oops were t her e
i n 1840, t h e t her momet er f r e que nt l y f e l l t o 10 and 12 d e g r e e s below
zero. Even in Kabul t h e snow lies f o r t wo or t h r e e mont hs and 53
d e g r e e s of f r o s t (21 below zer o) were e xpe r i e nc e d by t h e Dane M i s -
s i on i n Kabul i n t h e f i r s t week of February 1905. The Koh Daman is
cons i der ed by t h e Af ghans t o be t h e most f avour ed s p o t on ear t h as
r e g a r d s climate. During summer t h e heat of an Indi an s un is t e m-
per ed by cool br e e z e s from t h e adj acent snowy r anges , whi l s t t he
r i gour s of wi nt er are f aced in cl ot hi ng of s h e e p s k i n s and f ur s.
From Jul y t o Oct ober, however, f e v e r s and bowel compl ai nt s are
pr eval ent even in t h i s f avour ed r egi on. The he a t of t h e summer
t hr oughout t h e pr ovi nce is ever ywher e gr eat , e x c e p t in t h e most
el evat ed par t s . In t h e conf i ned val l ey of Jalalabad t h e heat is
i nt e ns e and is made more t r yi ng by f r e q u e n t st orms. The monsoon
whi ch de l uge s Indi a has s car cel y any e f f e c t w e s t of t h e Sulaiman
r ange, nor a r e t h e f al l s , e i t h e r of rain or snow, heavy dur i ng t h e
col d s eas on, whi l e in t h e h o t s eas on t h e r ai ns a r e f o r t h e most part
s l i g h t and of r ar e occur r ence.
Towns.
The t owns are f ew i n number, t h e only pl aces whi ch can be
cal l ed by t h i s name bei ng Kabul, Ghazni , Jalalabad, Chari kar, Ista-
l i f , and Urgun.
Population.
I t would be us e l e s s t o a t t e mpt t o gi ve even an approxi -
mate es t i mat e of t h e number of i nhabi t ant s of t h e provi nce; informa-
t i on on t h e s ubj e c t is vague, and a l a r ge pr opor t i on of t h e popula-
t i on is mi grat ory, a good many, e.g., t h e Powi ndaha, coming every
year t o Br i t i s h I ndi a i n t h e col d weat her and r et ur ni ng t o ~ f g h a n i -
Stan i n t h e s pr i ng. A s f a r a s pos s i bl e t h e popul at i on of each town,
vi l l a ge , etc., h a s be e n gi ve n i n t h e a r t i c l e r e l a t i n g t h e r e t o .
General l y s peaki ng t h e e a s t e r n por t i on of t h e pr ovi nce is i nhabi t ed
by Kafi rs, Mohmands, Shi nwar i s and Khost wal s, t h e c e nt e r by Ghil-
Zais, and t h e wes t er n por t i on by Hazaras. Consi der abl e numbers of
Taj i ks, Dehgane, Arabs, Safifa and so-cal l ed Parsi wans a r e al s o t o be
DISTRIBUTION OF ETHNIC GROUPS B
w
Figure 2.
f ound, more es peci al l y around Kabul and i n t h e Jalalabad di s t r i ct ;
i n t h e t o wn s , t o o , and i n a l l t h e l a r g e r v i l l a g e s , t h e r e a r e a
number of Hindu shop-keepers. For t h e di st ri but i on of ent hi c groups
i n Af ghani st an, see Fi gur e 2.
Admi ni st rat i on. I t is i mpossi bl e t o s ay exact l y how t h e provi nce is
di vi ded f o r admi ni s t r at i ve pur pos e s , a s a ut hor i t i e s d i f f e r and fre-
que nt c ha nge s t a k e pl ace, but t h e f ol l owi ng a r e bel i eved t o be t he
d i s t r i c t s a t t h e p r e s e n t t i me :
Bamian Hazar aj at , Besud Khost
Bi r ma l Hazaraj at , Dai Kundi Kunar Kohi s t a n
Chahar Deh
Hazar aj at , Dai Zangi (Upper
Gardez (Zurmat) Hazar aj at , Uruzgani Kunar (Lower)
Gha zn i J al al abad Laghman
Har i ob Ka f i r i s t a n Logar
Panj s hi r
Tagao
Each of t h e s e d i s t r i c t s is admi ni s t er ed by a Hakim, o r Di st r i ct
Governor, r es pons i bl e t o t h e Naib-ul-Hukumat, or Governor, of t he
pr ovi nce who has hi s he a dqua r t e r s a t Kabul. The names of t he s e
of f i c i a l s f o r t h e t i m e bei ng w i l l be f ound i n "Who' s Who i n Afghani-
st an, " compi l ed and k e p t up in t h e I nt el l i gence Branch, and f or
f u r t h e r de t a i l s of t h e admi ni st r at i on of t h e pr ovi nce, see t he
"Military Repor t on Afghani st an, " Chapt er VIII.
Suppl i es . A s f a r a s pos s i bl e, t h e ques t i on of s uppl i e s is ful l y
r e f e r r e d t o under each di s t r i c t , but it may be ment i oned he r e t ha t
our e xpe r i e nc e s a t Kabul dur i ng t h e l a s t war show t h a t t h e r e are, as
a r ul e, l a r ge r e s e r ve s of s uppl i e s s uc h a s wheat , barl ey, Indian-
cor n, and al s o f odde r , bot h i n t h e c i t y i t s e l f and i n t h e nei ghbour-
hood--especi al l y i n Logar and Maidan,--and t h a t t h e s e s uppl i e s are
in excess of t hos e which t he normal population requi re f or t hei r own
s u p p o r t a s w e l l a s f o r t he i r cat t l e. "Pract i cal l y, " s a ys General
Badcock, t h e Commissary-General-in-Chief a t t h e t i m e of t h e second
Afghan war, "a f o r c e of , say, 10,000 men, wi t h its f ol l ower s and
t r a ns por t , ar r i vi ng in Kabul a t any per i od of t h e year, would fi nd
s uppl i e s of wheat , and of gr ai n and f o d d e r f o r animals, s uf f i c i e nt
t o Last t hem f o r qui t e 12 mont hs, and s houl d obt ai n an ample s uppl y
of s h e e p t o meet its r equi r ement s in t h e mat t er of meat. The re-
s ul t , however, of a f or c e bei ng quar t er ed f o r a l onger per i od at
Kabul must be t h a t t h e s e r e s e r ve s u p p l i e s a r e gr adual l y eat en out,
and a f or c e s t ayi ng a t Kabul f or , say, a s econd year would ent ai l
s e r i ous d i f f i c u l t i e s i n t h e mat t er of s uppl i e s .
"I am unf or t unat el y not abl e t o gi ve t h e numbers of t r a ns por t mi-
mals or f ol l ower s . A s r e ga r ds t o t h e latter, I s houl d es t i mat e t ha t
during t h e winter t hey numbered about t wo-t hi rds of t he st r engt h of
t h e t r o o p s a n d t h a t from Apri l onwar ds t h e r e was probabl y a follow-
er per man of t h e f or ce. Working on t h i s es t i mat e, w e f e d a t ~ a b u l
and in its neighbourhood t he f ol l owi ng appr oxi mat e numbers:
Three months, October t o December 1879
Europeans . . . . . . 2,700
Nat i ves . . . . . . . 8,250
Three months, January t o March 1880
. . . . . . European8 3,450
Nat i ves . . . . . . 13,700
One month, Apr i l 1880
. . . . . . Europeans 4,200
. . . . . . Nat i ves 23,350
Three months, May t o J u l y 1880
. . . . . . Europeans 6, 120
. . . . . . ~ a t i v e s 35,610
"The above f i g u r e s gi ve some i de a of what t h e c ount r y can and d i d
s uppl y, f o r , wi t h t h e e x c e p t i o n of some g h i , and p e r h a p s rum and a t
f i r s t t ea, w e pr act i cal l y obt ai ned all our f ood and gr ai n s u p p l i e s
l ocal l y, and had little or no a s s i s t a n c e from I ndi a. In s a l t , t e a ,
and s uga r t h e r e was a c ons i de r a bl e t r a d e from I ndi a, and w e us e d t o
buy from t h e t r a de r s . D a l is n o t obt ai nabl e i n t h e c ount r y, and t h e
s ma l l suppl y which was t aken with t h e t r oops was sol d and re-sold a s
t h e men di d not e a t it, c h i e f l y owi ng t o d i f f i c u l t i e s a s r e g a r d s
cooki ng. Fi r ewood is obt ai nabl e i n good qua nt i t y, b u t d i f f i c u l t y
mi ght a r i s e i n r e s p e c t t o t h i s a r t i c l e a f t e r t h e f i r s t year , a s t h e
e x p e n d i t u r e i n f u e l would be ne c e s s a r i l y heavy i n wi nt er . ( Fuel is
now [1910] ver y s c a r c e i n t h e nei g hbour hood of Kabul.)
"The s u p p l y of ve ge t a bl e s a t Kabul is ve r y f i ne , ha r dl y any pot a-
t o e s , b u t t h e cabbages , t u r n i p s , be e t r oot , and c a r r o t s q u i t e s u r p a s s
a nyt hi ng I have e ve r s e e n i n I ndi a. Si mi l arl y t h e r e is a l a r g e
s u p p l y of f r u i t i n t h e s eas on; t h e s e commodi t i es enabl e be ne f i c i a l
c h a n g e s t o be made i n t h e r at i ons .
"Ther e a r e no hor ned c a t t l e i n t h e c ount r y, e x c e p t t h o s e us e d f o r
t h e pl ough or a s t r a n s p o r t , and not many of t hem, s o t h e meat s u p p l y
ha s t o be obt ai ned s ol e l y from t h e ' dumba' s h e e p . They a r e of
e x c e l l e n t qual i t y, and a ve r a ge i n we i g h t ove r 40 l bs. , when d r e s s e d .
"Lar ge s u p p l i e s of c l ot hi ng can be obt ai ned i n t h e c i t y of Kabul,
ba r a k a nd o t h e r l o c a l l y ma n u f a c t u r e d ma t e r i a l b e i n g u t i l i s e d .
Soc ks , gl ove s or mi t t e ns , and nat i ve s h o e s a r e a l s o pr oc ur a bl e i n
good number. Pos t e e ns a r e made i n l a r g e number s and of e x c e l l e n t
de s c r i pt i on, t h e f l e e c e of t h e ' dumba' bei ng ut i l i s ed. "
Army. I nf or mat i on a s t o t h e number of t r o o p s i n t h e pr ovi nc e is n o t
ver y r el i abl e, but a t t h e p r e s e n t t i m e (1906) t h e s t r e n g t h and
di s t r i but i on is somewhat a s f 0110 w s:--
Di s t r i c t Caval r y Guns Sapper s I nf a nt r y Khassadars
Kabul 3,600 151 ( a ) 2,400 25,600 6, 750
J a l a l a ba d 1, 850 52 ( b) 200 13, 111 6, 410
and Asmar
Khost
500 33( c ) . . . 3,900 3,550
Ghazni and 1, 100 29( d) . . . 7,400 4, 838
Hazara j a t
TOTAL 7,050 265 2,600 50, 011
21,548
Mountain Fi el d Heavy Qu i c k- Fi r i ng Machi ne
For f u r t h e r i nf or mat i on on t h i s s ubj e c t , see t h e "Military Re por t on
Af ghani st an, " Cha pt e r I X .
HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL
GAZETTEER OF AFGHANISTAN
AB Al so see A0
ABADI AN
"L 4
34- 70-. A vi l l aqe i n t h e Besud di vi s i on of t h e Jal al abad di s -
trict. I nha bi t a nt s a;e Dehgans and Taj i ks. ( Jenkyns. )
4 +f
*AB BAND
32-51 68-5. Ab Band is an al aqadar i i n Ghazni pr ovi nce. The ala-
qa da r i c ompr i s e s an a r e a of 1, 105 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s and ha s a popu-
l at i on t h a t ha s been e s t i ma t e d a t from 5, 159 t o 6,239. The al aqada-
ri is bounded i n t h e s o u t h by Dila, i n t h e s o u t h e a s t by Jani Khel,
i n t h e n o r t h e a s t by Gi ru, i n t h e nor t h by Qarabagh, and i n t h e w e s t
by Muqur. Ab Band ha s a bout 51 vi l l ages , f i v e of whi ch have more
t ha n 500 i nhabi t ant s . The vi l l a ge s are l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows:
Akhund Khel, Woreshmin Khel, Spi n Khulai, Oshl an, Asghar i , Chambar-
i-Almar, Badam Kacha, Baz Mohamad, Baddar, Barakat , Payendah Khel,
Pat r ah, Pyari, Tari , Jangul , Jal al Khel, Chor i , Chawni , Haji Khel,
Huwat, Khado Khel, Khwaja Khel, Darya Khan Khel, Darya Khan-Khel
Ulya, Du Kohi, Zam Zam, Saqi Khel-i-Ab Band, Saqi Khel-i-Giro,
Godah Giro, Akhund Khel-i-Giro, Sar-Faraz, Sahi b Zadah, Chahar Qala,
Sala Khel, Buzai, Dalani, Qala-i-Khushk, Mula Fat eh, Fat eh Ab Band,
Qandahar i , Qala-i-Gudiyan, Mohammad G haws, Atak, Kakar, Gand Ab,
Landah Khel, Mohammad Nur, Nazuka, Tozhna, Bagai ( Bazge) , Zarrin
Chor i , Chambar-i-Satar, Rahman, Ibrahim Khel, Qamaruddin, Qurban
Khel, Akht ar Khel, Ato Chi na, Tayak, and Sadozai .
ABBAS KALA "J 3k
34-28 69-15. A vi l l age 5 m i l e s s o u t h e a s t of Kabul, on t h e r i g h t bank
of t h e Logar r i ve r be t we e n Sak and Bagrami. (Kennedy. )
*ABCHAKAN "&'
33-54 69-13 m. A vi l l age i n Pul-i-Alam d i s t r i c t of Logar pr ovi nc e
wi t h an a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on of 2,000.
AB DARA a, J 4
35-14 69-23 G. A r avi ne whi ch d e s c e n d s n o r t h we s t and j oi ns t h e
panj s hi r val l ey a bout 4 m i l e s above Anaba. I t c ont a i ns t h e f ol l o-
wing vi l l ages: f i r s t , Pashar wi t h 60 hous e s . Above t h i s t h e r avi ne
f or ks . In t h e r i g h t br anch, known a s t h e Dara Kar-o-ghin a bout a
m i l e above Pashar , a r e t h e t wo haml et s of Kar-o-ghin cont ai ni ng
t o g e t h e r 20 hous e s . Half a m i l e f u r t h e r up is Burja Khel, wi t h 30
hous e s . In t h e l e f t br anch, t h e Dara Ghul bak, a r e f i r s t , Ghul bak
vi l l age cont ai ni ng 70 hous e s ; n e x t Guna, 30 hous e s ; h i g h e r still
Kanku, wi t h 40 h o u s e s and l a s t l y, t h e h i g h e s t vi l l age Shuf a , 40
hous e s . Al t oge t he r t h e r e a r e 300 h o u s e s i n t h i s gl e n and t h e i nha-
bi t a nt s a r e al l Taj i ks. The r e is a l s o cul t i vat i on and some little
wood on t h e hi l l s , b u t it is onl y but a.
From t h e head of t h e gl e n a
t r a c k l e a d s over t h e Bolaghan Kotal down a n o t h e r dar a t o Bol aghan
vi l l age, and s o t o t h e pl ai n of t h e Koh Daman, b u t it is s a i d t o be
onl y a f oot pa t h. ( Shahzada Taimus.)
AB DARA 4, J +T
33- 68-. H i l l s l yi ng 2 or 3 m i l e s nor t h o f t h e Gudal-Ghazni
r oad, a t a poi nt about 1 m i l e from I s f i d a r t owa r ds Zana Khan. (Ga-
selee. )
*AB DARA 4 , ~ L'T
32-42 69-16 m. A vi l l age i n Dehsabz d i s t r i c t of Kabul pr ovi nc e
wi t h an a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on
of a bout 260.
*AB DARA-I-KALAN "%.>a +T
33-41 68-44 m. A v i l l a g e i n Sayyi dabad d i s t r i c t o f Wardak prov-
i n c e wi t h an a g r i c u l t u r a l popul a t i on o f a b o u t 600. Ot he r pl aces
wi t h t h i s name a r e l o c a t e d a t 33-40 68-1 a nd 33-41 68-44 m.
ABDUL ( r ) JJ+
33- 68-. A s u b s e c t i o n o f t h e Be s u d s . (See Mi l i t ar y Re p o r t on Haza-
r a j a t , P a r t 11.)
ABDUL AZ IZ KALA
CClij&'J+
34- 69-. A f o r t i n t h e Ch a r d e h va l l e y o f Kabul, near t h e vi l l age
o f Kala-i-Fathu. I nha bi t a nt s : Taj i ks ; 1 5 f ami l i es . (I.B.C.)
ABDUL BURJ caJ+
34- 69-. A vi l l a ge on t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e Pa nj s hi r r i ve r , on
t h e r oa d f r om Kabul t o Ni j rao, 35 m i l e s n o r t h - n o r t h e a s t of t h e
f or mer . ( Thor t on. )
ABDUL GHAE'UR KALA
"Ji&J'&
34- 68-. Th e p r i n c i p a l v i l l a g e i n t h e Langar val l ey. It is 8
miles w e s t o f Sha i k habad. (Dut t on. )
ABDUL HAKIM KALA 4 &'Y
34- 69-. A f o r t i n t h e Ch a r d e h va l l e y o f Kabul, i nc l ude d f or
r e v e n u e p u r p o s e s i n Kala-i-Fathu; 7 f a mi l i e s o f Taj i ks. (I.B.C.)
ABDUL KARI M KALA +I4
34- 68-. A vi l l a ge o f 40 f a mi l i e s o f Tai mur i s l yi ng 4 miles e a s t
o f t h e Unai p a s s on t h e main Kabul -Herat r oad. Headman (1904)
Ghulam Nabi. Th e i n h a b i t a n t s p o s s e s s a bout 60 he a d o f c a t t l e and
150 s h e e p and g o a t s . Th e a nnua l p r o d u c t i o n of wh e a t and bar l ey
a v e r a g e s a b o u t 450 I ndi a n maunds. (Wanliss. ) Re c e n t maps s how a
p l a c e c a l l e d Muhammad Karin a t 34-26 68-25 m. (LWA)
ABDULLA KALA d'J#
32- 67-. A s mal l Taj i k vi l l a ge near Kala-i-Haji Sa f , t o t h e west
o f and c l o s e t o Deh-i-Mozang. ( Kennedy. )
*ABDULLA KHEL
W ' L C
35-15 69-37 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d on a t r i b u t a r y o f t h e Panj shi r ,
w e s t o f t h e Kuh-i-Gardana, wi t h an a g r i c u l t u r a l popul a t i on of about
1, 100.
ABDULLA KHEL see HAZARA DARA
1;LUILC
ABDUL MAJID
d'+
34- 69-. A s m a l l vi l l a ge t o t h e n o r t h o f t h e Kabul r i ve r , e a s t of
Sh e r p u r . I t s i n h a b i t a n t s a r e Taj i ks , a nd it f o r ms o n e o f t h e cl us-
t er o f v i l l a g e s c ompos i ng t h e t o wn s h i p o f Yakat ut . (q.v.) (Kenne-
dy* 1
ABDUL MA J I D KHAN KALA
d" L4' 4
33- 69-. A vi l l a ge a b o u t 12 miles n o r t h e a s t of Ga r de z , on t h e
r oad t h e n c e t o t h e Mi r zakai kot al . Th e r e is room f o r a br i ga de t o
camp a b o u t 1 m i l e f u r t h e r on ne a r Bal adeh. (q.v.) (I.B.C.)
ABDULQAD I R KALAY
J J ~ h l ' 4
32-12 67-16 m. A vi l l a qe l o c a t e d west of t h e Su r Ghar , about 10
miles f r om t h e Tar nak ri;er.
ABDUL RAHIM KHEL see MANDRAWAR & ,+.J\.w.
ABDUL RAHMAN KALA
UJi
34- 69-. A s m a l l vi l l age on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Logar r i ve r ,
near Bag rami, s o u t h e a s t o f Kabul. (Kennedy.)
ABDUL RAHMAN KHEL
I, *J' LC
A t r i b e of Khost , who i nha bi t t h e Matun d i s t r i c t of t h a t val l ey, and
are he nc e somet i mes cal l ed Matunis. They have s i x s e c t i ons : 1, --- - - -
Haji Khan Khel; 2, Sodi Khel; 3, Ahmad ~ h e l ; 4, Modi Khel; 5, Kundi
Khel; 6, Mangash.
They a r e a l s o c a l l e d Mamuris. They number a bout
1, 000 f i g h t i n g men, and a r e most l y husbandmen. (Muhammad Hayat,
Norman. )
ABDUL SAMAD KALA
did'+
34- 69-. A f o r t in t h e Cha r de h val l ey of Kabul, i nc l ude d f o r
r evenue p u r p o s e s i n Deh-i-Dana. I nhabi t ant s : 9 f ami l i es of Haza-
r a s . (I.B.C.)
*ABDUL WALL
J'S' 4r
33-19 68-30 m. A vi l l aqe i n Andar d i s t r i c t of Ghazni pr ovi nc e wi t h
wi t h an a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on of a bout 200.
*-ID KHEL I,&
35-54 69-31 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e Dara-i-Khawus, about 5
m i l e s sout h of Khawus.
AB-I-ISTADA See Volume 5.
32-30 67-55 m.
AB-I-JOSH & %T
33-51 68-50 m. Two vi l l a ge s i n Cha r kh d i s t r i c t of Logar pr ovi nce.
The u p p e r vi l l age ha s an a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on of a bout 500. The
l owe r vi l l age is l oc a t e d near by a t 33-51 68-52 m. (LWA) I n 1914,
t h i s ar ea was de s c r i be d a s f ol l ows : t h e name gi ve n t o t h e we s t e r n
e nt r a nc e t o t h e Char kh valley. The r oad is e a s y t h r o u g h o u t , al-
t h o u g h narrow i n t h e mi ddl e. I t d e r i v e s its name from a bubbl i ng
s pr i ng. The vi l l age of t h i s name is i nha bi t e d by t h e Gada Khel
s e c t i on of t h e Sahak Ghi l zai s. (McLean.)
AB-I -TALKH ~ l ; +.'
A s a l t r i vul e t whi ch j oi ns t h e Gumal r i ve r 2 and one hal f miles from
Sarmargha, on t h e r oad from Ghazni t o Dera Ismai l Khan. Thor nt on
Er r ouneousl y c a l l s it a vi l l age, but t h e r e is no vi l l age anywher e;
Sarmargha, t h e ne a r e s t hal t i ng pl ace, bei ng mer el y an ope ni ng i n t h e
f e f i l e 500 ya r ds wi de and a f ew f e e t above t h e r i ver . ( Br oadf oot . )
Thi s may be l oc a t e d i n Katawaz, a t 32-10 68-57 G. (LWA)
AB-I-TAMAGHAN &L L.T
The name gi ven t o h i g h e r r e a c h e s of st r eam dr ai ni ng a val l ey o f t h e
same name i n t h e Hazarajat. ( See Military Re por t on Hazarajat, Par t
11. )
ABKHOR See SANG DARA J
AB KOL & 4
34-52 67-16 m. Two r avi nes of t h i s name de bouc h i n t o t h e Band-i-
A m i r val l ey above J a f i r Kala. The vi l l age of A b Kol, s i t u a t e d i n
t h e most nor t he r l y r avi ne, was d e s e r t e d i n 1886. (A.B.C.)
ABLAITO (&') a1
32-44 67-0. A val l ey i n t h e Kalandar c ount r y dr ai ni ng i nt o t he
~ r g h a n d a b r i v e r a t Sai gan. ( See Mi l i t ary Re por t on Hazarajat, Part
11.) Re c e nt maps s how t h e s p e l l i n g Ablatu. (LWA)
*ABPAR x 4
34-58 67-52 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d nor t h of t h e Kuh-i-Salonag in t he
Shi bar d i s t r i c t of Bamian pr ovi nce. Recent maps s how t h e spel l i ng
Awpar. (LWA)
ABPUSH A r
35-46 68-20 m. A vi l l age i n Su r k h Par sa d i s t r i c t of Parwan pro-
vi nce wi t h an a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on of a bout 700.
ABRONS $a 4
35-40 71-23 G. A haml et on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Bas hgul r i ver , in
Nur i st an, 1-1/4 m i l e s about Bragarnatal. (I.B.C.)
ABU BAKAR
A s e c t i o n of t h e Ghi l z a i s . See "Laghman."
*ACH I N H'
34-5 70-41 m. Achin is a vi l l age and a wol eswal i i n Nangarhar
Provi nce. The wol eswal i c ompr i s e s an ar ea o f 463 s q u a r e ki l omet ers
and ha s an a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on t h a t h a s been es t i mat ed a t from
34, 080 t o 48,460. The wol eswal i is bounded i n t h e west by Deh Bala,
i n t h e nor t h by Rudat , i n t h e e a s t by Loye Shi nwar , Naziyan, and Dur
Baba, and i n t h e Sout h by t h e St a t e o f Paki st an. Achin ha s some 33
vi l l ages , 23 o f whi ch have more t h a n 500 i nhabi t ant s .
The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows : Wach Kot, Abdul Khel,
Mohmand Rahimdad Khel, Mamand-i-Haidar Khel, Pikha Khol (Dehsarak-i-
J a di d) , Dehsarak-i-Kohna, Maydanak, Qala-i-Hajum, Pai k ha, Achi n,
Kahi , Kos t a l , Ba nde r , Tr i l i , Ge r d i , Bat an, Asad Khel , Sr a h Qala,
Landi (Gondi ), Maruf Chi na (Mar0 Chi na), Anzarai, Sanduq, Chehi l
Gazai, Lok h i (Lur), Bahram Khel, Kundarai Paik ha, Abdat i Kaidara,
and Chand.
*ADAM KALA uf r ~ T
33-33 68-47 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d about 20 miles e a s t o f Ghazni and
s out hwes t of t h e Loe Nawe Ghar.
ADAM KHAN
"L ) 1
34- 68-. A d e f i l e and p a s s i n t h e h i l l s from Wardak i nt o Logar,
about 5 miles n o r t h e a s t of Shai khabad. When t h e Ghazni Fi el d Force
mar ched from Kandahar t o Logar i n Apr i l and May 1880, t h e Adam Khan
r o u t e was t h o u g h t of and r econnoi t r ed from Shai khabad, b u t it was
f ound more pr act i cabl e t o t a k e t h e g u n s over t h e Zamburak pass.
(Hervey.)
ADAR J J'
34- 70-. A vi l l age l yi ng n o r t h we e t from Jal al abad, on t h e Alingar
r i ver , c o n s i s t i n g of 50 hous es . I t is i ncl uded in t h e Lagman di s-
trict, and t h e i nha bi t a nt s a r e llArokis.gl ( Leech, Warburton.)
* Y
ADDA See HADA
,a J'
ADHERA Or HADIRA ( ?)
34- 69-. A p a e s i n t h e h i l l s b e t we e n t h e La ka r a i a nd ~ i s a r a k t
a c c or di ng t o nat i ve i nformat i on. I t is s ai d t o b e l ow, and easy f or
t h e p a s s a g e of camel s. (Gordon. )
ADIA KHEL
A s e c t i o n of t h e Khar ot i s.
ADINA
& dl
33- 67-. A l oc a l i t y i n t h e Faol adi Hazara c ount r y of Malistan. A
vi l l age wi t h t h i s name and some 250 i nha bi t a nt s is l oc a t e d i n Jagha-
t u, Wardak, a t 33-44 68-19 m. (LWA)
ADIN KHEL O r DILAH ad!
32-36 68-2 m. A vi l l age i n Katawaz, on t h e r o u t e from Pannah t o
Dala-i-Kharoti. A f e w s u p p l i e s pr ocur abl e. I nhabi t ant s : Kai sars,
a t f e u d wi t h t h e Jal al zai s, bot h Ghi l zai t r i be s . (Broad f oot . )
*ADO 3 d'
32-7 67-9 m. A vi l l age, a l s o cal l ed Sul ai mankhel , l oc a t e d i n t h e
val l ey of t h e Tarnak r i ve r , some 9 m i l e s from t h e r i ve r .
*ADOR d a'
34-16 70-16 m. A vi l l age on t h e Kambu Khwar s t r eam, some 15 m i l e s
s o u t h we s t o f Jal al abad.
ADRAG BADRAG 444dl
39- 69-. El evat i on about 4,200 f e e t . A p a s s ove r t h e nor t he r n
s l o p e s of t h e Si ah Koh r ange, l e a di ng form t h e Lag hman val l ey t o
Kata Sang and t h e Tezi n valley. The r oad over t h e p a s s is pr a c t i c -
abl e f o r camel s, and t h e r e would be no d i f f i c u l t y i n al i gni ng a good
r oad f o r wheel ed t r a f f i c . By us i ng t h i s r oad from Jal al abad vi a t h e
Darunta g o r g e t h e whol e of t h e Gandamak-Jagdalak por t i on of t h e
Peshawar Kabul r o u t e may be t ur ne d. (I.B.C.)
*ADRAK dJ
34-29 69-36. A vi l l age 46 m i l e s e a s t of Kabul, be t we e n Char bagh and
Jagdal ak. (Thornt on. )
ADRAMZAI
A s ubdi vi s i on of t h e Ghi l z a i s
AFGHAN, DEH- I
"b' r d
34- 69-. Deh-i-Afghan is a s ubur b of t h e c i t y of Kabul, s i t u a t e d
on t h e l e f t bank of t h e r i ver , and c onne c t e d wi t h t h e t own by a
s t o n e br i dge . I t s t a n d s upon a low emi nence over l ooki ng Taimur' s
tomb. During t h e i nves t ment of Sh e r p u r i n December 1879, t h i s
subur b, d i s t a n t from t h e s o u t h we s t e r n bas t i on a bout 1, 300 ya r ds , was
a pl ace of assembl y f o r t h e Af ghans. On t h e 1 7 t h of t h a t mont h t h e
pl ace was s h e l l e d wi t h good e f f e c t , and when t h e enemy f i nal l y
wi t hdr ew a g r e a t p a r t of it was demol i s hed. I nhabi t ant s : Taj i ks,
Tokhi Khel Ghi l zai s, and Ki zi l bashi s. (I.B.C.)
*AFSAHO O r AFSA, AFSAY
(dl) 4'
35-46 71-21 m. A vi l l age wi t h an a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on of a bout
900 i n Barg Matal d i s t r i c t of Nangarhar pr ovi nce, l oc a t e d on t h e
Kaligal r i ver , some 7 miles nor t h of Barg Matal.
AFSHAR Or AOSHAR J b l
34-33 69-7 A. A l a r g e Ki zi l bash vi l l age i n t h e Kabul d i s t r i c t , 4
miles w e s t of Sherpur. Here Macpherson encamped on t h e 8t h and 9t h
December 1879, l eavi ng h i s camp on t h e 1 0 t h t o f i g h t t h e a c t i on of
Karez-i-Mir. I t was from t h i s pl a c e a l s o t h a t , on t h e 1 1 t h D e c e m-
ber , t h e h o r s e a r t i l l e r y and caval r y advanced t o wa r ds Arg handi , when
t h e y encount er ed t h e overwhel mi ng f or c e of Afghans under Muhammad
Jan. ~mmedi at el y t o t h e e a s t of Kala-i-Aoshar is t h e Nanachi or
Aoshar Kotal over whi ch an e xc e l l e nt road now l eads . The place is
s t r ong, s ur r ounded by bast i oned walls from 15 f e e t t o 20 f e e t high.
Thi s vi l l age cont ai ns 100 hous es . (Kennedy, A.B.C.)
*AFZUK
35-48 71-16 m. A vi l l age wi t h an agr i cul t ur al popul at i on of about
270 in Barg Matal d i s t r i c t of Nangarhar pr ovi nce.
*AG fl
34-21 67-28 m. A vi l l age near t h e j unct i on of t h e Darazqul and
Kalankhana s t r eams in Bamian pr ovi nce.
AGAM t M
34- 70-. El evat i on 11,766 f e e t . A p a s s over t h e Saf ed Koh, lead-
i ng from t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t i nt o Kurram. The crest of t h e pass
lies about 27 miles s out h- s out he a s t of Gandamak and about 7 miles
w e s t of t h e Papin pass.
The road is pr act i cabl e f o r l aden mul es wi t h t h e e xc e pt i on of about
1 1/2 m i l e s from t h e crest downwar ds on t h e Kurram s i de; it could
how ever be made pr act i cabl e f o r bag ga ge animals of al l descr i pt i ons
wi t hout much di f f i c ul t y. I t is t h e l owe s t and e a s i e s t of al l t he
p a s s e s over t h e Saf e d Koh, bet ween t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t and Kur-
ram, and t h e only one of any mi l i t ary i mport ance. I t is cl osed by
snow f o r a t l e a s t s i x, and somet i mes e i g h t or ni ne, mont hs in t he
year. By t h i s r out e Jal l abad is d i s t a n t 57 m i l e s from Parachinar.
( I .B.C.)
AGAM f fl
34-12 70-17 m. A f o r t i f i e d haml et i n t h e Chapr i ar subdi vi si on of t he
Jalalabad di s t r i c t . I t lies a t t h e f o o t of t h e Saf ed Koh on t he
road l eadi ng over t h e Agam pa s s i nt o Kurram. Ther e is a f or ce of
400 khasadars permanently st at i oned here, and in t h e hot weather the
gr e a t e r par t of t h e Jalalabad gar r i s on is moved up t o t h i s neigh-
bourhood. N e w l i ne s f o r t h e t r o o p s have r ecent l y been bui l t here,
c ons i s t i ng of 22 bl ocks , each cont ai ni ng 12 quar t er s . The hamlet is
about 20 m i l e s nor t hwe s t of Deh Bald in Pachi r Agam di s t r i c t , Nan-
gar har provi nce. (I.B.C.) '
'AGAR
33-27 68-10 m. A vi l l age wi t h some 400 i nhabi t ant s i n Jaghat u dis-
trict of Ghazni pr ovi nce, about 1 5 m i l e s s out hwe s t of Ghazni.
AGARU Or AGRU
35-24 71-18 m. A haml et of 8 or 9 hous e s on t h e l e f t bank of t he
Ni chi ngul t or r e nt , in Kafi ri st ran. I t is i nhabi t ed by members of
t h e Ut ah-dari cl an of Kam Kafi rs who have become Muhammadans. The
vi l l age is about 3 miles w e s t of Kamdesh. (Robert son. )
AGATS I (*Lo) k6
35-25 71-22 m. El evat i on 4,000 f e e t . A s m a l l s et t l ement of Kam
Kafi rs of t h e Bi l ezhedar i cl an who have become ~uhammadans. I t 1s
on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Bashgul st ream, about 1 1/2 miles eas t of
Kamdesh, and compr i s es only one or t wo fami l i es.
(Robert son. )
AGHA ASGHAR RALA
..J +! b7
34- 69-. A f o r t in t h e Char deh val l ey of Kabul. (1.B.C.)
*AGHAIL KHEL- I -AGH ALI KHAN
,L trJcLk\
35-13 69-13 m. A vi l l age wi t h some 630 i nhabi t ant s in Jabal Sar aj
d i s t r i c t of Parwan pr ovi nce. I t is l ocat ed in t h e Dara-i-Salang on
t h e hi g h way from Kabul t o Mazar-i-Sharif .
AGHA J A N ~ 4 t & .iT
34- 69-. A vi l l age in Logar, s o u t h e a s t of Zargun Shahar , s i t ua t e d
in t h e Tangi-Sar-i-Chashma. (Gaselee. ) A pl ace cal l ed Agho Jan is
l ocat ed s o u t h we s t of Muqur, a t 32-44 67-36 m. The name is al s o
s pe l l e d Ghojan. (LWA)
AGHA J A N KALA di&J
A vi l l age in t h e Sur khab di vi s i on f o t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t . (Jen-
kyns . )
AGHA MUHAMMAD KALA
A f o r t i n t he Chardeh va l l e y of Kabul. (I.B.C.)
AGHAO JAN Or GHOJAN OL +T
32-44 67-36 m. A hal t i ng pl ace, 59 m i l e s from Kalat-i-Ghilzai, 75
m i l e s from Ghazni, on a f i n e open pl ai n, wi t h a h i g h hi l l on one
s i de . Suppl i e s pr ocur abl e i n cons i der abl e qua nt i t i e s in t h e nei gh-
bour hood; wat er , gr a s s , and camel f o r a g e abundant ; f u e l s car ce.
Many f o r t s and vi l l ages near. On t h e t o p of one of t h e coni cal
hi l l s near t h i s pl ace t wo s t o n e pi l l ar s mark t h e site of a pyramid
of Ghi l zai s k u l l s made by o r d e r of Nadir Shah a f t e r h i s d e f e a t of
t h a t t r i be. The s p o t is cal l ed "Khak Khana." The f ol l owi ng is
e x t r a c t e d from t h e di ar y of Si r D. St ewar d' s march in Apri l 1880,
when t h e f o r c e hal t ed a t Aghao Jan or Ghojan. "Ghogan is t h e name
of a d i s t r i c t wat er ed by a kar ez wi t h s e ve r a l rami fyi ng br anches .
On t h i s kar ez a r e a gr oup of vi l l ages , s even in number, s i t ua t e d t o
t h e n o r t h we s t about 2 m i l e s di s t a nt . The t wo t o t h e s o u t h a r e
cal l ed Ghojan or Ag hajan; t wo i n t h e c e nt r e , Zabit; and t h e nor t her -
l y ones , Shi nkai .
"They a r e vi l l ages of cons i der abl e s i z e , and t h e d i s t r i c t is f ai r l y
f e r t i l e . Encampment upon a f i n e open pl ai n wi t h its r i g h t r e s t i n g
on a hi l l t o t h e e a s t of road. From Shi nkai t h e Otla pa s s , s ai d t o
be eas y, l e a d s t o Rassana and t h e n c e t o t h e count r y of t h e J a ghur i
Hazaras.
In G hojan d i s t r i c t t h e i nhabi t ant s a r e Taraki G hi l zai s. (Houg h,
Outram, Garden, etc., I.B.C.)
AGHA SARAI See AK SARAI U'F 3 T
AGHLI KHAN (J,~),L $c7
35-13 69-13 m. A vi l l age of 40 h o u s e s in t h e Salang dara, about 12
mi l e s a b o v e Parwan. I . B. C. Th i s s e e ms t o b e i d e n t i c a l wi t h
Aghai l Khel-i-Agh Al i Khan, l i s t e d above. ( LWA)
AGHRABAD Or AQ ROBAT
+b LiT
34-32 70-13 m. One of t h e pr i nci pal vi l l ages in Laghman, s i t ua t e d
on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Alingar r i ver , e a s t of Mandrawar. I t s
i nhabi t ant s a r e Ut khe l Ghi l zai s. I t c o n s i s t s of 16 haml et s, a s
fol l ows:
1. Kala-i-Haidar
7. Kala-i-Adil
2. Kala-i-Tajuddin
0. Kala-i-Asad
3. Kala-i-Muhama,d Kasim 9. (Old) Aghrabad
4. Kal a-i -Gul Baz
10. (Old) La1 Muhamnad
5. Kala-i-Nur
11. (Old) G u l Ahmad
6. Kala-i-Gul Ahmad
12. (Old) Allahdad
13. (Ol d) Al l ahdad I 1
14. (Ol d) Kahi r
15. (Ol d) Sher Muhamnad
16. ( Ol d) Hashi m
(Warburton. ) The c o r r e c t name of t h e vi l l a ge is pr obabl y Ak Robat.
AHAD &I
33-4 68-19 m. A vi l l a ge i n Gi r o d i s t r i c t o f Ghazni pr ovi nc e with an
a g r i c u l t u r a l popul a t i on of a bout 250.
*AHANGARAN 3
I&T
35-6 69-2 m. A vi l l a ge wi t h an a g r i c u l t u r a l popul a t i on of about 500
i n J a ba l Sar aj d i s t r i c t o f Parwan Pr ovi nce. I t is l oc a t e d on a
t r i b u t a r y of t h e Ghor band r i ver . Ot he r p l a c e s wi t h t h i s name are
l o c a t e d a t 34-32 68-37, 33-50 67-7, 34-48 67-55, and 35-37 69-29 A.
AH ANGARAN 3
',LT
34-48 67-57. A l ong g l e n whi ch d e s c e n d s n o r t h and de bouc he s into
t h e Bamian val l ey, 1 1/2 miles a bove Topchi . The vi l l a ge of Ahanga-
r an c ont a i ns 40 h o u s e s of Taj i ks. (Maitland.)
*AHAN KUSHTA dipl
33-6 67-16 m. A vi l l a ge is Mal est an d i s t r i c t of Ghazni province,
l o c a t e d on t h e Shila-i-Naeb, a t r i b u t a r y of t h e Ar ghandab.
AHMADA
A s e c t i o n of t h e J aghat u Hazar as.
AHMAD DIWANA
&IB .)&I
35-55 71-19 m. El evat i on 8, 530 f e e t . A t r a c t o f count r y, 3 miles
or s o i n l e n g t h , a t t h e u p p e r e nd o f t h e Ba s hgul val l ey. I t has a
t o we r a t e a c h e nd and a d e f e n s i b l e homes t ead i n t h e mi ddl e. A t its
n o r t h e r n l i m i t is a f amous s h r i n e o f Imra. For a ge and f i r ewood are
a bunda nt here.
A p a t h from t h e Lut kuf val l ey i n Ch i t r a l vi a t h e Zi di g p a s s (14, 850
f e e t ) , and a n o t h e r more c i r c u i t o u s r o u t e f r om t h e same pl a c e come i n
he r e . The l a t t e r is s a i d t o b e us e d by Ba da ks hi t r a d e r s f o r taking
l a de n ani mal s t o Chi t r al . ( Rober t s on, I.B.C.) Re c e nt maps show a
vi l l a ge wi t h t h e name Diwana Baba. (LWA)
AHMAD KALA &&I
34- 69-. A s m a l l vi l l a ge i n t h e Sha ka r Dara gl e n i n Koh Daman.
(Masson. )
*AHMAD KALAY J&'
32-8 67-29 m. A vi l l a ge i n a val l ey e a s t of t h e Sur Ghar and west
of t h e Shi nkai Ghar.
AHMAD KHAN KALA
dLjL&'
34- 69-. A vi l l a ge on t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e Logar r i ve r , between
Sak and t h e br i dge of Bagrami. (Kennedy.)
AHMAD KHAN KALA
34- 69-. A l a r g e v i l l a g e a t t h e e a s t e r n e n d o f t h e Si a h Sang
r i dge , 5 miles e a s t of Kabul. (Kennedy.)
AHMAD KHEL &LL~
34- 70-. A l a r g e v i l l a g e i n t h e Gandamak va l l e y, ~ a l a l a b a d
di st ri ct , c ont a i ni ng wi t h t h e nc i ghbour i ng vi l l a ge e o f Pi ra Khel and
Khwaja Khcl, 1, 000 houses of Wazir Khugi ani s. (McGregor.)
AHMAD KHEL & h i
33-49 69-37 G. A l a r g e gr oup of vi l l ages in Hariob s i t ua t e d i n a
pl ai n about f i v e m i l e s s qua r e i n t h e a ngl e formed by t h e Karaja and
Mirzakai s t r eams , about 28 m i l e s west of Pathan. Cont ai ns nearl y
600 fami l i es o f Jaj i s. The b e s t pl ace f o r a campi ng gr ound is on
t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Mirzakai st r eam, wher e t h e r e is room f o r a
br i gade. (I.B.C.)
AHMAD KHEL
Jp-1
33-21 68-19 G. A vi l l age 22 miles from Ghazni on t h e Kandahar road.
The vi l l age or f o r t of t h i s name is s i t ua t e d in a little hol l ow
among t h e hi l l s on t h e w e s t of t h e r oad, and t h e r e is a val l ey or
openi ng i n t h i s low r ange down whi ch r u n s t h e bed of a t o r r e n t and a
l i ne of kar ez. The pl ai n i n t h e vi ci ni t y wher e t h e Br i t i s h army
encamped i n 1893 is f o r t h e most p a r t s t ony and sandy, b u t t h e r e is
a good de a l of pl oughed l and and cul t i vat i on near. Water is pro-
cur ed from kar ez i n abundance, and f o r a g e f o r camel s and h o r s e s is
al s o in pl ent y. Ther e a r e a number of s m a l l f o r t s in t h e vi ci ni t y.
Here on t h e 1 9 t h Apri l 1880, t h e di vi s i on under Li eut enant -General
Si r Donald St ewar t , marchi ng from Kandahar t owa r ds Kabul, encoun-
t e r e d and d e f e a t e d an Afghan f o r c e es t i mat ed a t 1, 000 h o r s e and
12, 000 t o 15, 000 f oot . For d e t a i l s of t h e act i on see "Of f i ci al
hi s t or y of t h e 2nd Afghan War." Ot her pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name a r e
l ocat ed a t 33-50 69-39 and 33-52 69-41 A; and 34-6 70-27, 33-21
68-19, and 34-0 69-51 G. ( LWA)
AHMAD KHEL
34-0 69-51 G. A vi l l age in t h e Khugi ani di vi s i on of t h e Jal al abad
d i s t r i c t , on t h e s l o p e s of a s p u r from t h e Saf ed Koh r ange. The
i nhabi t ant s bel ong t o t h e Wazir s e c t i on of t h e Khugi ani s. (Jen-
kyns . I
AHMAD KHEL b - 1
A s e c t i o n o f t h e J a j i s . Th e i r v i l l a g e s lie p r i n c i p a l l y i n t h e
Hazar dar akht val l ey, and e x t e n d down t h e r i g h t bank of t h e l a t t e r t o
t h e nei ghbour hood of A l i Khel. Fodder f o r 400 ani mal s f o r one day
and about 500 maunds of ungr ound gr ai n may be c ol l e c t e d from t h e
Ahmad Khel vi l l ages:
Fi ght i ng Men Fi ght i ng Men
1. Dabuzai 300 7. Alam 200
2. Si s ht a 50 0 8. Kasim 150
3. Lodrakh 9. Oron 100
4. A l i Khel 200 10. Zarak 200
5. Mama Khel
11. Turkar 100
6. Landi Wam 200 12. Chergo 150
( Co l l e t t , Johnst on. )
*AHMAD KHEL
&A-1
32-29 68-7 m. A vi l l age in Katawaz d i s t r i c t of Ghazni pr ovi nce,
about 5 miles nor t he a s t of Malikdin.
AHMADZAI 4 4-1
34-31 70-19 G. A vi l l age in Laghman, i nhabi t ed by Taj i ks. (Warbur-
t on. )
*AHMADZAI 4 4-1
33-57 69-19 G. A vi l l age l ocat ed some 50 m i l e s w e s t of Qala A l i
Khel. Ot her vi l l ages wi t h t h i s name are l ocat ed a t 34-2
69-35 A,,
and a f ew miles s out h of t h e Panj shi r r i ver , near Niazi Ger ans hakh,
a t 34-54 69-26 m.
AHMADZA I 4 &I
A s e c t i on of t h e gr e a t Sulaiman Khel di vi s i on of t h e Ghi l zai s.
They
a r e pas t or dl in t h e i r habi t s. Thei r s e t t l e me nt s a r e a t Spi ga and in
a gr oup of vi l l ages a t t h e mouth of t h e Altimur pa s s l eadi ng into
Zurmat, but t he y dr i ve t h e i r f l o c k s from Logar a s f a r e a s t as t he
hi l l s of Jalalabad. (See Ghilzai.)
AHMADZA I -KATS &j b l
A hal t i ng pl ace in t h e bed of t h e Gumal r i ver , about 25 miles from
its s our ce. (Broad f oot.)
*AILAKA-I-AJAR Or YELGAH AJAR
PI a'
35-21 67-29 m. A vi l l age in Kahmard d i s t r i c t of Bamian province,
l ocat ed on t h e Ajar st ream, nor t h w e s t of Rui Sang.
AISHGHI
A s e c t i on of t he Jaghat u Hazaras.
AJUM 4 &k&. p s
An i mpor t ant val l ey in t h e Beed (Behsud?) Hazara count r y. A village
in t h i s ar ea is cal l ed Ajam-i-Sang Shanda. ( LWA)
AKA KHEL
Jpur
34-11 70-29. A vi l l age in t h e Hisarak di vi s i on of t h e Jalalabad
d i s t r i c t , s i t ua t e d on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Hisarak st ream, 3 miles
s out h of Mazina. The i nhabi t ant s a r e Shi n waris. (Jen kyns.)
*AKA KHEL
Jpd'
34-48 69-40 m. A vi l l age in t h e Tagab d i s t r i c t of Parwan province
wi t h an agr i cul t ur al popul at i on of about 220. I t is is is on t he
Tagab r i ver , nor t h of t h e Naghlu dam.
AKA KHEL &dl
One of t h e nomad s e c t i ons of t h e Ghi l zai t r i be, who i nhabi t a group
of vi l l ages cal l ed Sharana i n Gardez. The s ubdi vi s i ons of t he
s e c t i o n a r e (i) Mi ankhan Khel ; (ii) J al al Khel ; (iii) ~ h o r o j a k
Khel; (i v) Masti Khel. They a r e a ver y poor r ace, and but few of
t h e men can a f f o r d t o t r avel on t h e i r own account , s o let out t hei r
camels t o hi r e t o t h e Mian Khel, wi t h whom t h e y perform t h e march
from Gardez i nt o t h e Derajat and back. The f ew who can af f or d to
t r a de br i ng down f r u i t s , c l ot hs , etc., and t h e s e men, in common with
t h e r i c he r Powi ndahs, vi s i t t h e mar ket s of Cal cut t a and Bonbay.
Thei r k i r i s a r e usual l y pi t c he d in t h e d i s t r i c t o f Dera ~s mai l , far
from any vi l l ages , and t h e abl e-bodi ed men al l work a s Labourers to
e k e out a l i vel i hood when away from t h e i r own count r y, leaving a
ver y f e w men, wi t h t h e women, i n t h e t e n t s , t o t end t h e camels while
gr azi ng.
The f i r s t t h r e e s e c t i ons of Aka Khel all t r a de wi t h or t ravel i n
Hi ndust an; t h e Masti Khel, however , con i ne t h e i r oper at i ons to
Kandahar.
*AKASI j6'
33-41 68-23 m. A vi l l age on t h e Ghazni r i ver , aobut 10 miles north
of G hazni.
*AKBAR KHEL & d'
32-57 68-14 m. A vi l l age wi t h an agr i cul t ur al popuLation of about
100 i n Giro d i s t r i c t of Ghazni provi nce. A pl ace wi t h t h i s name is
some 5 m i l e s n o r t h e a s t of t h e r oad from Gar dez t o Kabul, a t 33-49
69-10 m. and a n o t h e r is 5 miles s o u t h of Mukur a t 32-46
67-46 m.
AKBAR KHEL cdr A'
A s e c t i o n of t h e Ghi l zai s s e t t l e d i n t h e c ount r y be t we e n t h e Lakarai - -
p a s s and Aspando Kats. One of t h e i r mal i ks, ~ i l a i m of St i r kal a, was
ki l l e d a t Jagdal ak i n December 1879, when f i g h t i n g a g a i n s t t h e
Br i t i s h. (Gordon.)
3 b J
*AKHIZIAN
32-30 67-5 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a f e w miles s o u t h of t h e Sha hi d
Mandeh, a t r i but a r y of t h e Ar ghandab.
*AKHTAR KHEL
CC) );j'
32-49 67-43 m. A vi l l age wi t h an a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on of a bout
100 i n Mukur d i s t r i c t of Ghazni pr ovi nce. The vi l l age is s o u t h we s t
of Mukur.
AKHUND KALA O r AKHUND KHEL
,& , &T
33-56 69-13 m. A Ghi l zai vi l l age a t t h e west f o o t of t h e Shut a r
Gardan pa s s , be t we e n Kurram and Logar. Oppos i t e t h e vi l l age a r e
h i g h Karewah l a nds , i n whi ch a r e t h e r emai ns of a l a r g e t hana.
For age, f ue l , and pr ovi s i ons a r e n o t pr oc ur a bl e h e r e wi t hout t h e
g r e a t e s t d i f f i c u l t y . (Lumsden.)
AKHUND KALA
&& AT
34- 70-. A vi l l age i n t h e Kama s ubdi vi s i on of t h e Jal al abad di s -
trict, a bout 16 miles e a s t o f Jal al abad. ( Jenkyns. )
AKHUND KHAISUDDIN ( C ) ,A' GLT
34- 69-. A vi l l age 5 m i l e s e a s t of Kabul, on r i g h t bank of t h e Lo-
gar. (Kennedy.)
AKHUND KHEL &LT
33-57 69-13 m. A p a s s be t we e n t h e Shut ur Gardan and Shi nka i Kot al s.
I t s d i f f i c u l t i e s were f ound by t h e Br i t i s h i n Se pt e mbe r 1879 t o have
been over - est i mat ed, a l t h o u g h doubt l e s s , i f r e s ol ut e l y he l d, its
pa s s a ge mi ght be a t t e n d e d wi t h d i f f i c u l t y . (Baker.) The r e is now a
vi l l age wi t h t h i s name, l oc a t e d nor t h of Gar dez. (LWA)
AKHUND KHEL See AKHUNO KALA J,+LT
AKI L J UNI (JANI)
( C ) jL&'
35- 69-. A vi l l age e a s t of Char i kar . I nhabi t ant s: Taj i ks. ( Shah-
zada Taimus.)
AK I NABAD d&t A\
34-42 70-15. One of t h e pr i nc i pa l vi l l a ge s i n Laghman. Si t ua t e d on
t h e l e f t bank of t h e Alingar r i ve r , 4 miles nor t h of Shamti. (War-
bur t on. )
AKOR I d'
34- 70-. A vi l l age i n t h e Khugi ani di vi s i on of t h e Jal al abad di s -
trict, a bout 6 miles s o u t h we s t of Ni ml a . The i nha bi t a nt s bel ong t o
t h e Kharbun s e c t i o n of t h e Khugi ani s. ( Jenkyns. ) A vi l l a ge wi t h
t h i s name is some s i x miles e a s t of Qala Sar kar i , a t 32-52 67-53 G.
( LWA
AKRAM KHAN KALA && t>l
34-29 69-14. A s m a l l vi l l age on t h e l e f t bank of Logar , be t we e n
Beni Hi sar and Bagram, about 3 1/2 miles s out he a s t of Kabul. (Ken-
nedy. )
AK ROBAT ab dl
34-56 67-39 m. Elev. 10, 225 f e e t . A pa s s a t t h e head of t he
Bamian val l ey, c r os s e d a t 111 miles from Kabul by t h e main Kabul-
Mazar-i-Sharif road. On t h e Bamian s i d e t h e r e is a made road, fit
f o r guns , half-way up t o t h e s u mmi t , but t h e remai nder r equi r es to
b e c u t out . AU round a r e smoot h, low hi l l s , undul at i ng, but rather
s t e e p , and cover ed wi t h g r a s s in s pr i ng. The de s c e nt i nt o t he ~k
Robat val l ey is easy, t hough t h e gr a di e nt is consi der abl e. (A.B.C.)
Ther e is now a vi l l age wi t h t h i s name about 1 5 m i l e s nor t h west of
Qala Sarkari . ( LWA)
AK ROBAT
Elev. 9,955 f e e t .
AK SARA1 O r AGHA SARA1 O'F $
34-47 69-10 G. A vi l l age i n t h e Koh Daman, 22 m i l e s nor t h of Kabul.
I t cont ai ns 200 hous e s of Taj i ks; wat er from a st ream. Burnes
de s c r i be s it a s a f l our i s hi ng pl ace. (Leech, Burnes.)
AKZAR Or AGHZIR
A s e c t i on of t he Chahar Dast a Hazaras.
AK ZARAT ~i *T
34-23 66-36 G. Elev. 10.880 f e e t . A pa s s i n t h e Koh-i-Baba range
a t t h e head of t h e Ak Zarat valley. Thi s pa s s is about 15 miles
west of t h e Qala Pai Kutal. (LWA)
AK ZARAT &A $
34-22 66-40 G. A va l l e y i n t he Dai Zangi count ry.
ALADA I J~J1!
A s ect i on of t h e Chahar Dasta Hazaras payi ng r evenue t o Ghazni.
ALAF
34- 67-. A s m a l l f o r t in Bamian, c l os e t o Shahi dan. (A.B.C.)
* ALAGHZAR
( f ) ,'A'
32-56 67-32 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed on t h e st ream of t h e same namet
nort hwest of t he town of Mukur.
ALAK
A s e c t i on of t he Dai Kundi Hazaras.
ALAKA (See Mi l i t ar y Report of Hazar aj at , Pa r t 11.)
ALA KALA (a') &dl &'
34-14 67-46 m. A vi l l age in t h e Tagao Saiad s ubdi s t r i c t of Yak
Walang; 10 hous e s of Besud Hazaras. (Maitland.) The vi l l age is i n
t h e Sur khs ang area, w e s t of t h e Kuh-i-Mazar. ( LWA)
ALAKH
i Y !
32-38 67-41 m.
A vi l l age on t h e Tarnak r i ver , some 12 miles south
of Mukur.
ALAKOH
4''
33- 68-.
A peak on t h e r ange whi ch t hr ows out a apur runni ng west
t o Ghazni, and whi ch ie cr oeeed by the ~a ng- i - s he r on t h e ~ a b u l
r oad. (Broad foot . )
AL AM e
A s m a l l s e c t i o n of t h e Muhammad Khwaja Hazaras payi ng r e ve nue t o
Ghazni .
*ALAM KHEL & ,Jb
33-16 68-27 m. A vi l l age wi t h a popul at i on of about 150 i n Andar
d i s t r i c t of Ghazni pr ovi nce.
Anot her pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is i n t h e
Tarnak val l ey, some 5 m i l e s n o r t h e a s t of Mukur, a t 32-50 67-51 m.
* ALASAY ( &Y! ) & 4.u
34-53 69-43. Alasay is an al aqadar i i n Parwan pr ovi nce. The al aqa-
da r i c ompr i s e s an a r e a of 324 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s and h a s an agr i cul -
t ur a l popul at i on t h a t ha s been e s t i ma t e d a t from 6, 998 t o 7,234.
The al aqadar i is bounded i n t h e west by Tagab, i n t h e nor t h and
n o r t h we s t by Nejrab, i n t h e e a s t by Daul at shah and Al i shi ng, and i n
t h e s o u t h by Sarobi . Alasay i n c l u d e s a bout 34 vi l l a ge s , of whi ch
one ha s more t ha n 500 i nhabi t ant s . The vi l l a ge s a r e Li st ed i n t h e
PG a s f ol l ows: Gul ka Khel, Okr achi , Sul t an Khel , J af ar Khel, Li ch,
She r a ka Khel, Kochi She r a ka Khel, Bahadur Khel, Dawan Khel, Saheb
Zada Khel, Darwali wa Ahangaran, Rah Sang-i Shi pi , Sha do Khel, Warna
Kunda, Sangi Khel, Fael, Chor a Khel, Mira Khel, Chahi Khel, Set r aj ,
Masum Khel, Sar Godar, Kacha, Gons t ur Khel, Qala-i-Iskin, Dawud
Khel , Sa b e r J a l , Adi na Khel , Poyl am, Alla Do s t Khel - i - Kot i , Lau
Luwan, W a l i Beg Khel (Koti), and Kochi (Kochi-i-Alah Sai).
ALGUD
A!
34-37 69-3 G. A s e c t i o n of t h e J a j i s s e t t l e d i n vi l l a ge s t o t h e
west o f J a j i Maidan. ( Car r . ) T h e r e is a l s o a v i l l a g e wi t h t h i s
name, about 10 m i l e s s o u t h we s t of Sar ai Khwaja. (LWA)
ALI Jk
34-43 67-2. A da r a whi ch d e s c e n d s nor t h west from t h e Koh-i-Baba
and de bouc he s i nt o t h e Band-i-Amir val l ey, 4 m i l e s bel ow Fi r ozbahar .
For a list of v i l l a g e s , etc. see "Bamian ( d i s t r i c t ) . "
ALI ABAD '0 Jk
34-31 69-8 A. A s m a l l vi l l age t o t h e w e s t o f t h e Asmai h i l l near
Kabul, whi ch g i v e s its name t o t h e p a s s ove r t h e above - named
h e i g h t s . Thi s s p o t was t h e s c e n e of s e v e r e f i g h t i n g on on t h e 1 4 t h
December 1879.
Kabul Uni ver s i t y campus is now i n t h i s ar ea. (LWA)
ALI BOGHAN ( ' ) "be 2
34- 70-. Elev. 1, 580 f e e t . A vi l l age 7 m i l e s s o u t h e a s t of Jal al a-
bad, s t a ndi ng on some r i s i ng gr ound a bout 1 m i l e from t h e r i g h t bank
o f t h e Kabul r i v e r . I t c o n t a i n s ( i n 1904) s o me 40 f a mi l i e s o f
Sai yi ds, most l y weaver s. They p o s s e s s a bout 160 head of c a t t l e ,
2,500 s h e e p and goa t s , 20 h o r s e s and 100 buf f a l oe s . The vi l l age is
"muaf," i.e., e x e mp t form payi ng r evenue, pr obabl y on a c c ount of a
famous zi ar at whi ch exists her e.
The r e is room f o r a f o r c e of any s i z e t o encamp, wi t h p l e n t i f u l good
wat er from t h e r i ver . Gr as s is pr ocur abl e i n t h e vi ci ni t y; gr ai n,
etc., from t h e o p p o s i t e s i d e of t h e r i ve r whi ch can be
f o r d e d i n t h e
col d we a t he r and c r o s s e d a t o t h e r times by f e r r y a bout 4 m i l e s bel ow
t h e f or d; s u p p l i e s of al l s o r t s coul d be c ol l e c t e d on d u e not i ce.
The val l ey i n t h e vi ci ni t y of t h e r i ver , and e s e wh e r e whe r e ve r
i r r i ga t i on is avai l abl e, is r i c hl y c ul t i va t e d.
A p o s t was bui l t h e r e by us i n 1879 whi ch was ga r r i s one d by 3 2
s owa r s and 150 i nf a nt r y; t h e r emai ns of t h e h u t s were still vi s i bl e
Some f e w t r a d e on t h e i r own a c c ount , b u t t h e maj or i t y h i r e out t hei r
camel s t o t h e Sulaiman Khel ( wi t h whom t h e y t r a ve l ) a t t h e r at e of
R s . 5 t o 5-8 a maund from Khor asan t o t h e Daman. (Norman.)
Accordi ng t o McMahon t h e va r i ous s e c t i o n s a r e a s f ol l ows :
ALI
I
Nekzan Bad i na Mir Gul Taru Nawar Manah Manir
I
~ a mu n Maskai I s a f Gaddai Urba
Ambar Sogr i Shahba z Zi na Za r va l l a Malak
I I
Of t h e A l i Khel t h e Minzais and t h e i r s u b s e c t i o n s a r e t h e only
p e o p l e wi t h whom w e have much i nt e r c our s e . The f ol l owi ng sub-
s e c t i o n s unde r t h e f ol l owi ng headmen ye a r l y v i s i t Zarmelan, t he
Gi r dao pl ai n and o t h e r t r a c t s on t h e Br i t i s h s i d e of t h e border,
i .e. , :
Nekzan Khel - Babar Khan, Fateh Khan
Mir Gul Khel - Hai dar Khan, Mehrban
Bad i na - Za f f a r Khan, Kai sor Khan
The Taru, Nawar and Mana Khel c h i e f l y l i v e wi t h t h e Saraz Sulaiman
Khel on t h e Pi er ak r ange. The Manir, Ambar, Zina, Sogr i , Shahbaz,
Zarvalla and Malkak Khel s a l l l i v e i n Katawaz. The Malkaks a r e t he
mos t numer ous s u b s e c t i o n of t h e Minzais. (McMahon.)
I
Abu Khan
I
Ban j a r
I
I I
I I
ALI KOT
33-22 69-20 m. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Kabul d i s t r i c t , a bout 2 miles east
of t h e Sh e r p u r cant onment , i n t h e Yakat ut t owns hi p. (Kennedy.) A
vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 35-39 67-19 G. (LWA)
I
Nikab
Minzai
I
ALI MARDAN
34- 69-. A s ma l l Taj i k v i l l a g e i n t h e Kabul d i s t r i c t , a bout 2
miles e a s t of t h e Sh e r p u r cant onment , i n t h e Yakat ut t ownshi p.
(Kennedy. ) A vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 35-39 67-10 (3-
( LWA
Khudzai
*ALI NGAR
34-50 70-21 m. Al i ngar is a wol eswal i i n Laghman Pr ovi nce. The
wol eswal i , whi c h c ompr i s i s an a r e a of 838 s q u a r e ki l omet er s , has an
a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on t h a t h a s been e s t i ma t e d a t a bout 19,000.
It
is bounded i n t h e n o r t h by Nur i st an, i n t h e e a s t by Chapa Dara and
Dara-i-Nur, i n t h e s o u t h by Qarg hai and Meht erl am, and in t h e west
by Al i shi ng. The wol eswal i c ont a i ns a bout 57 vi l l a ge s , 9 of which
have more t ha n 500 i nha bi t a nt s . The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d in t h e PG
as f ol l ows : Kundah, Rajai (A j a i ) , Kok hi , Shor awah ( Kochi ~hor a ba l r
Gadi ( Kuchi Kalai), Sa khr a h, Shahi , Kachor ( Machkor ) , ~al ub- i - Suf l a
( Sa l a b) , Sal ub- i - Ul ya, Lo ka l , Ad ha r , War ant a, Mang o, at-i-Jabar
Khel ( Wat-i-Jabar) , Puranah (Paryana) , Mandal, Gundah Gul, par wait
Laj orak ( Laj dar ak) , C h a t l a ( C h e t l a ) , ~h waj a K hel - i - Suf l a , ~h waj a
Khel-i-Ulya, Sangar , Qala-i-Tak s a w ( Qal t ak) , St ani s a w ( St an Saw) ,
Bealamsaw (Bay Alam Saw), I s h kamash Saw, Y ulam-i-Kazhdaka Kalman,
Gorjan (Gojan Kalman) , Khorak Kalan (Kh or a k-Kalman) , Par ch ( Par ch
Kalman), Kundahlam, Ambir-i-Kalman (Jana Mir-i-Kalman) , Kahu Kalman,
Kota Khel (Kata Khel ), Alu Khel, N i m Nani, Shor abad ( Shor asaw) ,
Qal t ak- i - N i y a z i (Qala Tak- i - Ni yazi ) , Tanga w o r ( Ti g o r ) , Sa l i n g a r ,
Qasaba, Gul Aram Kalman, Tag, Khwajam Kot, Punda Kachi Tag, Sundar wa
( Sandor a) , Oyenaw (Kochi Oye Taw), Sami Saw, Sahur wa Sangar ak
Kalman (Kalyan-i-Khas Sha hungok) , Kazhwaka Kalman, Landr ut ak, Bay-
l e m , Bal at ak, and Aq wam-i-Kajro Khana.
ALI NGAR ( J- ) m'
34-39 70-14 m. A r i ve r whi ch rises i n t h e s o u t h s l o p e s o f t h e
Hindu Kush, bei ng f or med by t h e j unct i on o f t h e Ramgul and Kulam
val l eys of Nuri st an. In its u p p e r r e a c h e s it is known a s t h e Kao.
Af t er a c o u r s e of a bout 70 miles, it j oi ns t h e Al i shang a t Ti r gar hi ,
i n t h e d i s t r i c t of Laghman, and t h e n t a k e s t h e name of Laghman, and
a f t e r flowing f or 8 t o 10 mi l e s f ur t he r t hr ought t h e abovementioned
d i s t r i c t it j oi ns t h e Kabul r i ve r some 12 m i l e s n o r t h we s t of Jalal-
abad. Though not d e e p , t h i s r i ve r ha s a r a pi d c u r r e n t , and its bed
is s o f ul l of l o o s e boul de r s t h a t it is al ways da nge r ous t o c r o s s .
No year e l a p s e s t h a t some a c c i d e n t d o e s n o t ha ppe n i n c r o s s i n g it.
The val l ey of t h e Al i ngar from Ti r gar hi is wi de and s pa c i ous , and
t r e n d s e a s t , a nd is d e s c r i b e d a s v e r y f e r t i l e i n gr a i n. I t is
i nha bi t e d by Ghi l zai s, Ar oki s, and Ni azi s, is amply pr ovi de d wi t h
smal l f o r t s , b u t ha s no c ons i de r a bl e vi l l age.
Above t h e Ni azi s, come t h e Nimchas, o r c onve r t e d Kaf i r s, and above
t h e s e agai n i n t h e mount ai ns, t r u e Kaf i r s may be m e t wi t h. A r o u t e
up t h e Alingar val l ey l e a d s i nt o t h e ve r y h e a r t of Nur i st an. A t its
head is sai d t o be a p a s s known a s t h e Pir Panjal, whi ch l e a d s i n t o
Badakhshan.
The pr i nc i pa l vi l l a ge s in t h i s val l ey a r e Zola, Nikara, Badmask,
Mian Shak-Panj pai , Kulman, and Gaochak. The popul at i on of t h e whol e
val l ey is es t i mat ed a t 10, 000 s oul s , i nc l ude s Shah g i r i s , Rand us,
Kat i hi s, and Sand us . (Masson, Raver t y, Bel l e w, McNair, I.B.C.)
Col onel St e wa r t , from nat i ve i nf or mat i on, g i v e s us a good many
d e t a i l s r e ga r di ng t h e u p p e r pa r t of t h e Alingar.
H e s a y s t h e u p p e r
por t i on of t h e val l ey is more ope n t ha n t h e l ower . Wheat, bar l ey,
and j owar a r e c ul t i va t e d and g r a p e s and a p r i c o t s gr ow i n g r e a t
pr of us i on. The t r i b e s h e ment i ons a s occupyi ng t h i s val l ey ar e: t h e
Wamah, Kat i hi , and Karak Kaf i r s, who t o g e t h e r mus t e r be t we e n 7, 000
and 8, 000 f i ght i ng- men. The Kat i hi Kaf i r s h e pl a c e s a t t h e head of
t h e val l ey, t h e Wamah on its e a s t e r n s i d e , and Karak on t h e we s t e r n.
The f ol l owi ng t a bl e is gi ve n on h i s a ut hor i t y:
LEFT BANK RIGHT BANK
Va l l e y I n h a b i t a n t s Houses Valley I nha bi t a nt s Houses
Kanag al i Kat hi hi 400 Uskin Dara Ka t i hi 80
Jamagal i 800 Gamgata Dara 200
Kulum Dara 500 Pai r wal Dara 300
Pegal i
Pa r a ga l i Wamah 400 Ghun Dara Kor gal i
Karegal i 2,000 Shamgal i
Manj agal i , Pashangar Dara 1, 000
Masur, Kul at an 100
Gulcha 60
Teton Dara 1, 000
( St ewar t . )
Some f e w t r a d e on t h e i r own a c c ount , b u t t h e maj or i t y h i r e out t hei r
camel s t o t h e Sulaiman Khel ( wi t h whom t h e y t r a ve l ) a t t h e r at e of
Rs . 5 t o 5-8 a maund f r om Khor asan t o t h e Daman. (Norman.)
Accordi ng t o McMahon t h e va r i ous s e c t i o n s a r e a s f ol l ows :
r
I
I I I
Ambar Sogr i Shahbaz Z i na Za r va l l a Malak
Minzai
I
Of t h e A l i Khel t h e Minzais and t h e i r s u b s e c t i o n s a r e t h e only
p e o p l e wi t h whom w e have much i nt e r c our s e . The f ol l owi ng sub-
s e c t i o n s unde r t h e f ol l owi ng headmen ye a r l y v i s i t Zarmelan, t he
Gi r dao pl ai n and o t h e r t r a c t s on t h e Br i t i s h s i d e of t h e border,
i . ear :
Nekzan Khel - Babar Khan, Fateh Khan
Mir Gul Khel - Hai dar Khan, Mehrban
Bad i na - Za f f a r Khan, Kai sor Khan
The Taru, Nawar and Mana Khel c h i e f l y l i v e wi t h t h e Saraz Sulaiman
Khel on t h e Pi er ak r ange. The Manir, Ambar, Zina, Sogr i , Shahbaz,
ZarvaUa and Malkak Khel s al l l i v e i n Katawaz. The Mal kaks a r e t he
mos t numer ous s u b s e c t i o n of t h e Minzais. (McMahon.)
I I
* ALIKOT &&
33-22 69-20 m. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Kabul d i s t r i c t , a bout 2 miles east
of t h e Sh e r p u r cant onment , i n t h e Yakat ut t owns hi p. (Kennedy.) A
vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is l o c a t e d a t 35-39 67-19 G. (LWA)
Mamun Maskai I s a f Gadd a i Urba
I
Khudzai
Nekzan Badi na Mir Gul Taru Nawar Manah Manir
ALI MARDAN ~ ' J P $
34- 69-. A s ma l l Ta j i k v i l l a g e i n t h e Kabul d i s t r i c t , a bout 2
miles e a s t of t h e Sh e r p u r cant onment , i n t h e Yakat ut t ownshi p.
(Kennedy. ) A vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 35-39 67-10
(LWA)
*ALI NGAR (,u) m'
34-50 70-21 m. Al i ngar is a wol eswal i i n Laghman Pr ovi nce. The
wol eswal i , whi c h c ompr i s i s an a r e a of 838 s q u a r e ki l omet er s , has an
a gr i c ul t ur a l popul a t i on t h a t h a s be e n e s t i ma t e d a t a bout 19,000.
I t
is bounded i n t h e n o r t h by Nur i st an, i n t h e e a s t by Chapa Dara and
Dara-i-Nur, i n t h e s o u t h by Qar ghai and Meht erl am, and i n t h e west
by Ui s h i n g . The wol eswal i c ont a i ns a bout 57 vi l l a ge s , 9 of which
ha ve more t h a n 500 i nha bi t a nt s .
The vi l l age6 a r e Li st ed i n t h e PG
aS f ol l ows : Kundah, Rajai ( Aj a i ) , Kok hi , Shor awah ( ~ o c h i ~ h o r a b a ) ,
Gadi ( Kuchi Ralai) , Sak hr a h, Sha hi , Kachor (Mach k or ) , ~al ub- i - Suf l a
( Sa l a b) , Sal ub- i - Ul ya, Loka l , Ad h a r , War ant a, Mango, at-i-Jabar
Khel (Wat-i-Jabar) , Puranah (Paryana), Mandal, Gundah Gul, parwait
Laj orak ( Laj dar ak) , C h a t l a ( C h e t l a ) , ~h waj a ~ h e l - i - s u f l a , Kh waja
Khan Bar( j a r
I
Nikab
Khel-i-Ulya, Sangar, Qala-i-Tak saw (Qal t ak), St ani s a w ( St an Saw) ,
Bealamsaw (Bay Al a m Saw), I s hkamas h Saw, Yulam-i-Kazhdaka Kalman,
Gorjan (Gojan Kalman) , Khorak Kalan (Khorak-Kalman) , Par ch ( Par ch
Kalman) , Kundahlam, Ambir-i-Kalman (Jana Mir-i-Kalman), Kahu Kalman,
Kota Khel (Kata Khel), Alu Khel, N i m Nani, Shor abad ( Shor asaw) ,
Qal t ak- i - Ni yazi ( Qal a Tak- i - Ni yazi ) , Ta nga w o r ( Ti g o r ) , Sa l i n g a r ,
Qasaba, Gul Aram Kalman, Tag, Khwajam Kot, Punda Kachi Tag, Sundar wa
(Sandora), Oyenaw ( Kochi Oye Taw), Sami Saw, Sahur wa Sangar ak
Kalman (Kalyan-i-Khas Sha hungok) , Kazhwaka Kalman, Landr ut ak, Bay-
l e m, Balatak, and Aqwam-i-Kajro Khana.
AL I NGAR
J
34-39 70-14 m. A r i ve r whi ch rises i n t h e s o u t h s l o p e s o f t h e
Hindu Kush, bei ng f or med by t h e j unct i on of t h e Ramgul and Kulam
val l eys of Nuri st an. In its u p p e r r e a c h e s it is known a s t h e Kao.
Af t e r a c o u r s e of a bout 70 miles, it j oi ns t h e Al i shang a t Ti r gar hi ,
i n t h e d i s t r i c t of Laghman, and t h e n t a k e s t h e name of Laghman, and
a f t e r flowing f or 8 t o 10 mi l e s f ur t he r t hr ought t h e abovementioned
d i s t r i c t it j oi ns t h e Kabul r i ve r some 1 2 m i l e s n o r t h we s t of Jalal-
abad. Though not d e e p , t h i s r i ve r ha s a r a pi d c ur r e nt , and its bed
is s o f u l l of l o o s e boul de r s t h a t it is al ways da nge r ous t o c r os s .
No year e l a p s e s t h a t some a c c i d e n t d o e s n o t ha ppe n i n c r o s s i n g it.
The val l ey of t h e Al i ngar from Ti r ga r hi is wi de and s pa c i ous , and
t r e n d s e a s t , a n d is d e s c r i b e d a s v e r y f e r t i l e i n gr a i n. I t is
i nha bi t e d by Ghi l zai s, Ar oki s, and Ni azi s, is amply pr ovi de d wi t h
smal l f o r t s , b u t ha s no c ons i de r a bl e vi l l age.
Above t h e Ni azi s, come t h e Nimchas, o r c onve r t e d Kaf i r s, and above
t h e s e agai n i n t h e mount ai ns, t r u e Kaf i r s may be m e t wi t h. A r o u t e
up t h e Al i ngar val l ey l e a d s i nt o t h e ve r y h e a r t of Nur i st an. A t its
head is sai d t o be a p a s s known a s t h e Pi r Panjal, whi ch l e a d s i n t o
Badakhshan.
The pr i nc i pa l vi l l a ge s in t h i s val l ey a r e Zola, Nikara, Badmask,
Mian Shak-Panj pai , Kulman, and Gaochak. The popul at i on of t h e whol e
val l ey is es t i mat ed a t 10, 000 s oul s , i n c l u d e s Sha hgi r i s , Randus,
Kat i hi s, and Sandus. (Masson, Raver t y, Be l l e w, McNair, I.B.C.)
Col onel St e wa r t , from nat i ve i nf or mat i on, g i v e s us a good many
d e t a i l s r e ga r di ng t h e u p p e r p a r t of t h e Alingar. H e s a y s t h e u p p e r
por t i on of t h e val l ey is more ope n t ha n t h e l ower . Wheat, bar l ey,
and jowar a r e c ul t i va t e d and g r a p e s and a p r i c o t s gr ow i n g r e a t
pr of us i on. The t r i b e s h e ment i ons a s occupyi ng t h i s val l ey ar e: t h e
Wamah, Kat i hi , and Karak Kaf i r s, who t o g e t h e r mus t er be t we e n 7,000
and 8, 000 f i ght i ng- men. The Kat i hi Kaf i r s h e pl a c e s a t t h e head of
t h e val l ey, t h e Wamah on its e a s t e r n s i d e , and Karak on t h e we s t e r n.
The f ol l owi ng t a bl e is gi ven on h i s a ut hor i t y:
LEE'T BANK RIGHT BANK
Va l l e y I n h a b i t a n t s Houses Valley I nha bi t a nt s Houses
Jamagal i
Kulum Dara
Pegal i
Par agal i Wamah
Kar egal i
Manj agal i , Masur,
Kul at an
Gulcha
Teton Dara
400 U s k i nDar a Ka t i h i 80
800 Gamgata Dara
200
500 Pai r wal Dara
300
400 Ghun Dara Kor gal i Karak 80
2,000 Shamgali
Pashangar Dara
} 100
1, 000
100
6 0
1, 000
( St ewar t . )
Surgeon-Maj or Robe r t s on r emar ks: "Concer ni ng t h e Al i ngar or Kao, t h e
s t r eam whi c h e mp t i e s i t s e l f t o t h e s o u t h i n t o t h e Kabul river, I
know not hi ng e x c e p t by hear say. My i nf or ma nt s t o l d m e t h a t t h e main
we s t e r n val l ey o f Nur i st an was i nha bi t e d by t h e Ramgul br anch of the
Kaf i r s , and t h a t it was l a r g e and mai nt ai ned a numeous population,
~ t s r i ve r , a f t e r r e c e i vi ng many s i d e s t r e a ms , was j oi ned by the
Kulam val l ey s t r eam f r om t h e l e f t , and e n d e d i n t h e Kabul ri ver at
Laghman. The Kulam r i v e r is pr obabl y much s h o r t e r t ha n t h e Ramgul
r i ve r , f o r t h e val l ey of t h e f or mer onl y c ont a i ns f o u r vi l l ages as
a g a i n s t t h e 20 o r 30 s a i d t o b e i n t h e Ramgul count r y. "
ALISANGI &&
A vi l l a ge i n t h e Lakar ai r avi ne, a bout hal f - way be t we e n t h e Paiwar
Kotal and A l i Khel. (Kennedy. )
ALISHANG o r ALISHING
(-I)&&
34-38 70-14. A r i v e r whi ch rises i n t h e s o u t h s l o p e s of t h e Hindu
Kush above t h e d i s t r i c t o f Najil, and a f t e r r unni ng a bout 60 miles
s o u t h e a s t , al mos t pa r a l l e l wi t h, and a bout a f e w miles d i s t a n t from,
t h e Al i ngar, j oi ns t h a t r i v e r a t Ti r ga r hi , whe nc e t h e uni t ed stream
is known a s t h e Laghman. Though n o t a d e e p r i ve r , e x c e p t a f t e r rain,
it h a s a r a pi d c u r r e n t , and its bed is s o f u l l of l o o s e boulders
t h a t it is al ways d a n g e r o u s t o c r o s s . The n o r t h e a s t e r n l i m i t of t hi s
v a l l e y is p r o mi n e n t l y ma r k e d b y t h e h i g h mount a i n Koh Karinj,
e x t e n d i n g from e a s t t o west al ong its e n t i r e l e n g t h . The valley of
Al i shang is s ai d t o be c h i e f l y i nha bi t e d by c onve r t e d Kafi rs or
Nimchas. Above Najil it is i nha bi t e d by Kaf i r s of t h e Shahgiri,
Pandu and Kat i hi c l a ns , who p o s s e s s i n a l l a b o u t 2, 000 hous es , and
a r e c ons t a nt l y a f e u d wi t h one a not he r . The val l ey is sai d t o be
v e r y f e r t i l e . I t s p r i n c i p a l v i l l a g e s a r e At u, Cha ka l a , yol anai ,
Sar d u, Faraj g han, and Bargaon. ( Raver t y, Masson, Leech, El phi nst one,
McNair .)
The above is n o t r el i abl e: t h e Al i shang c a nnot b e much more t han 40
miles i n l e n g t h , and it is by no means c e r t a i n t h a t any pa r t of t he
val l ey is i nha bi t e d by t r u e Kaf i r s. Accor di ng t o St e wa r t t h e inha-
b i t a n t s a r e Ha z a r a s , P a n j s h i r s , Ta j i k s . Ko h i s t a n i s , S a f i s , e t c -
( Bar r os, St ewar t . )
Up t h e Al i shang val l ey lies o n e of t h e c h i e f r o u t e s from t h e Jalal-
abad d i s t r i c t i n t o Nur i st an. (I.B.C.)
ALISHANG o r ALISHING
u
34-47 70-6 m. Al i shi ng is a wol eswal i i n Laghman Provi nce. The
wol eswal i , whi ch c o mp r i s e s an a r e a o f 745 s q u a r e ki l omet er s , has an
a gr i c ul t ur a l popul a t i on t h a t h a s be e n e s t i ma t e d a t about 13,700.
Al i shi ng is bounded i n t h e nor t h by Daul at shah and Nuri st an, i n t he
e a s t by Al i ngar, in t h e s o u t h by Meht erl am, and on t h e west by
Pa nj s hi r and Nejrab. The wol eswal i c ont a i ns a bout 88 vi l l ages , 4 of
whi c h have more t ha n 500 i nha bi t a nt s . The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d in t he
PG a s f 0110 w s: K O h na Pal l , Manj an, Najil-i-K h a s , N i l 0 ( ( ~ a l o - i -
Shamsa Khel) , Ghazi abad, Nolam-i-Suf l a oram am-i-sufla) , ~ u t l i (Kota-
11) , Jamshedabad, Watan Gat o ( Wat eka Tu), Sai kul , Khud Zangal, t4urcha
Khal i l (Murcha Khel ) , Bumbi, Shamsi Khel (Shamsa ~hel - i - Khas ) , KUn -
d a l i (Karandal i ), Deh Malich (Damlich-i-Najil), ~asmut - i - Ul ya, Mas-
mut-i-Sufla, Kar Gar, Dar weshabad, Paye Khel, Andoral , ~hamkat - i -
Ulya wa Suf l a, Tornaw, Must afa, Chanaki Shamkat , ohi is tan-i-~hamkatt
Sh e g 1, Dur Duri ( Dawdur i ) , Kandun, Pohanshama ~ h e l , Achek zai, Sham0-
ram (Shamram), Qal a- i - Husai n, Qala-i-Baiya, I s l a ma ba d, Z hai n (Da-
ban), Ak hund Sahi b, Shakarman, Alnai (Arl i n), ~hanak-i- asht ti Pull
Hasan Khel, C hapar ah, Salabi-i-Ulya, Domiya, Hajiyan, Kachan, KUn-
jnun (Ganjawan) , Har warah, Kasig, Bare k zai , Qala Tak, Hasanzai, Kala
Khel (Gula Khel-i-K hawabi ), Qandau (Qandau Bat i yan), Sabrabad, Chaw-
ni , Qa nda l i ( Qandal a Gona Pa l l ) , Dara-i-Miyasaheb, Nur i Mil-i-Ulya
(Nuri ), Tapa K a l (Tapa-Kdl-i-Mil), Tili, Shamya, Parmawan, Kamrahi,
Kandi, Najil, Andra (And ra- Watan Kato) , Qala-i-G u l Ah mad, Tarna k-i-
Shamram ( Tar nak) , Deh Qazi , Qala-i-Khan, Tal ab-i -Ul ya a n d Su f l a ,
Batiyan, Kurdi, Kota (Kot anj i l ), Para Dehl i (Parado-i -Sayegal ), Moma
(Moka), Baharandak (Barandak), Taro ( Tar ho) , Tank s ho, Dosh t o (Aware-
s t a r ) , Lut Khando, Sobun, Manjakam (Bachalam-i-Kona Pal), Dawlat
Khando, Sher i no, Barozi-i-Nau, Chergai-Nau, Sandal i , Yegh Nau, Cha-
nar Nau, Shal a Kut-i-Kohestan, Patau, Nakundi. In 1914 t h e vi l l age
of Al i shang was d e s c r i b e d a s f ol l ows : Elev. 2,900 f e e t . One of t h e
pr i nc i pa l vi l l a ge s i n Laghman, on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Al i shang
r i ve r , a bout 6 miles above Ti r gar hi . I t c o n s i s t s of t h e f ol l owi ng
haml et s, all of whi ch a r e i nha bi t e d by Taj i ks:
1. Mazkura 8. Shakarman
2. Kal ai cha 9. Deh-i-Mianji
3. Taj Gar hi 10. Deh-i-Kazi
4. Haj i Zargun Shah Tar r a Khel 11. Deh-i-Safi
5. Kala-i-Shaghasi 12. Deh-i-Hasanzai
6. Kala-i-Ata Muhammad Khan 13. Kala-i-Kulma Haj i Sahi b
7. Deh-i-Mishkati
A f o r c e of 200 kha s a da r s is s t a t i one d a t Al i shang. ( Washbur t on,
I .B.C.)
*ALISHER O r TERI ZI , TRAI ZAI
( u - 1 c+.3&
33-26 70-2 m. A vi l l age in Tr ai zai d i s t r i c t of Pakt ya pr ovi nce, a
few miles nor t hwest of Bokhan.
ALISHER KHEL
A main d i v i s i o n of t he Shi nwar i s.
ALISHER KHEL LL) - &
32-59 68-14 G. A vi l l age i n t h e Ghazni d i s t r i c t , near Pannah, in-
habi t ed by Andari Ghi l zai s. The s ur r oundi ng c ount r y is e x c e e d i n g l y
bar e, and is a s e r i e s of low swells and hol l ows. (Broad f oot . )
ALLAH BAKSH See KHAK-I-ALLAH BAKSH &+ dl'
ALLAH-DAD KHAN KALA ukdL J\ J dl\
34- 70-. A vi l l age i n t h e Khugi ani s ubdi vi s i on of t h e Jal al abad
d i s t r i c t , a t t h e j unct i on of t h e Marki Khel and Sur kha b s t r eams .
(McGregor.)
*ALLAH DAD KHEL &d\ d dl\
33-52 68-55 m. A vi l l age wi t h some 300 i nha bi t a nt s i n Bar aki Barak
d i s t r i c t of Logar pr ovi nce.
*ALLAH DAD KULAI &J\ J dl\
32-46 68-45 m. A v i l l a g e i n t h e Qaj r ano Ghar, sout h of Omna.
ALLAH QULI Jji dl\
A s ubdi vi s i on of t h e Bachari Ghulam Clan of Dai Zangi. A Vi l l age
wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d i n Paghman, a t 34-36
68-56 m.
( LWA)
ALLAH-UD-DIN Or ALAUDDIN die%
34- 69-. A t o wn s h i p i n t h e Cha r de h val l ey of Kabul, midway be t we e n
t h e Chamchamast and t h e Kabul, a bout 2 miles above t h e i r j unct i on.
The i nhabi t ant s a r e al l Gadi Hazaras.
The f ol l owi ng f o r t s compose t h i s township:
1. Kal a-i -Mi rAkhorAgha Jan 6.
Kal a- i - Al i Ri za
2. Kala-i-Mo h i b A l i
7 Kal a-i -Sardar
Muhammad Sharif Khan
3. Kala-i-Malik Dost
8. Kala-i-Wazir
4. Kala-i-Jan Muhammad 9. Kala-i-Majnun Shah
5. Kala-i-Muhanunad Riza 10. Kal a-i -Sul t an A l i
( I .B.C.)
Anot her pl ace wi t h t h i s name is i n Bargai d i s t r i c t of Paktya prov-
i nce, w e s t of Nadir Shah Kot, a t 33-19 69-32 m. (LWA)
ALLAKAH ( 9 ) &YI
A s e c t i on of Uzbaks, who Live i n t h e Dahan-i-Marghi in Yak Walang.
They a r e sai d t o have come from Allakah i n t h e Balkh-Ab di s t r i ct of
Af g han Tur ki st an. (A.B.C.)
*ALMAR KHEL
32-50 68-5 m. A vi l l age on t h e Ghazni r i ver , near Spi na Kala.
J& ,W'
ALMERACH o r NADIR SHAH KOT
(GJ *L , JL ) &'
33-18 69-41 A. A vi l l age i n Khost , sai d t o be t h e s econd s t age from
Matun t owar ds Ghazni, and d i s t a n t from t h e f or mer 11 km. The inha-
bi t a nt s a r e sai d t o be Jaj i r aons, but who t h e l a t t e r ar e is not
known. (Kennedy, from nat i ve i n ormation.) Some maps show t he name
Almera, whi ch a ppe a r s t o be t h e p r e s e n t Nadir Shah Kot.
( LWA)
ALOK d#
35- 69-. A vi l l age in t h e uppe r Panj shi r val l ey, s i t uat ed on the
l e f t bank of st ream, 6 miles below Bazarak. I t has 15 houses of
Taj i ks. ( Shahzada Taimus.)
ALTAK
&I\
33-49 69-30 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed on a t r i but ar y of t h e Gardez river,
some 20 miles nor t he a s t of Ghazni.
ALTAMUR or ALTIMUR dl
33-48 69-5 m. A vi l l age in t h e Logar valley. Lumsden says: "There is
a cr oss- r oad from Hisarak t o Kurram s t r i ki ng o f f i n a sout heast
di r ect i on; pas s i ng t hr ough Al t i mu r , c r os s i ng t h e wat er shed line of
t h e Logar and Kurram r i ve r s i nt o t h e Zurmat val l ey, t he nc e through
t h e Mangal vi l l age of Kasur, t wo kos above t h e j unct i on of the
Hariob wi t h t h e Kurram; but t h i s r out e is r e por t e d di f f i c ul t , and
little f r e que nt e d, owi ng t o t h e pr edat or y habi t s of t h e tribes
t hrough whose country it passes. " (H.B. Lumsden, Thornton.)
In t h e Al t i mu r gr oup of vi l l ages t h e r e a r e some bel ongi ng t o the
Ahmadzai Sulaiman Khel. (McLean.)
Ther e is room f or a br i gade t o encamp near t h e vi l l age with a
s u f f i c i e n t wat er-suppl y. Fuel and f o d d e r a r e procurabl e. (I.B*c*t
Johns t on. )
ALTAMUR O r ALTIMJR
ril'
33-45 69-10 A. Elev. 9,600 f e e t . A pa s s over t h e Machalgu hills
l eadi ng from Zurmat i nt o t h e Logar valley. ~t is c r os s e d by a road
whi ch f or ms an i mpor t ant connect i on bet ween t h e ~ h a r l a c h i - ~ h a z n ~
road, and t h e road from Kabul t o G hazni via t h e Logar valley. I t is
sai d t o be never cl os ed by snow. Ther e is not hi ng t o pr event fi el d
guns from r eachi ng t h e summit of t h e pa s s from the Zurmat s i de , but
t h e road on t h e Logar val l ey s i d e is more d i f f i c u l t and would
r e qui r e a good deal of work. (I.B.c.)
The f ol l owi ng is a r e p o r t f u r n i s h e d by Capt ai n Call, who accompani ed
a r econnai s s ance unde r Li eut enant - Col onel MacLean, 1st punj ab Caval-
ry, from t h e Logar val l ey t o t h e summit of t h e p a s s i n May 1880:
Altimur pas s . I e nc l os e an e y e s k e t c h of t h e a ppr oa c h t a ke n wi t h a
cl i nomet er and paced. Our movement s wer e t oo hur r i e d t o admi t of
much accur acy or det ai l . On l eavi ng t h e cul t i vat i on, whi ch e x t e n d s
f o r a br e a dt h of 3 or 4 miles al ong t h e Logar r i ve r , t h e r oad t o t h e
mout h of t h e Altimur p a s s lies over a gr adual l y r i s i ng pl at eau,
s howi ng t r a c e s of e x t e n d e d c ul t i va t i on unde r f avour abl e c ondi t i ons
of r ai nf al l , and s c our e d by t h e boul de r and s h i n g l e b e d s of moutain
t o r r e n t s , whi ch, how e ve r , now h e r e a p p e a r t o have e xc a va t e d r e gul a r
b e d s f o r t he ms e l ve s . Thi s pl ai n is e ve r ywhe r e pr a c t i c a bl e f o r
t r o o p s a s f a r a s t h e mout h of t h e pa s s , whe r e t h e nala ba nks become
s c a r pe d and t h e f i e l d s begi n t o be l ai d o u t more i n t e r r a c e s . The
r oad p a s s e s t o t h e r i g h t of a r ui ned f o r t , whe r e it is c onf i ne d
be t we e n d r y s t o n e wal l s and is ver y c ont r a c t e d i n pl aces . A wor ki ng
part y shoul d pr ecede or accompany t h e guns f or t h e last mi l e. Ther e
is no wat er be t we e n t h e Logar canal s ys t e m and Altimur.
From Altimur t o t h e f o o t of t h e pa s s , har d by t h e Sai yi d vi l l age of
Niasi, is some 5 mi l e s . The road s o f a r is pa s s a bl e f o r a r t i l l e r y
wi t h some p e t t y r e pa i r s ; but a s t h e t r a c k f ol l ows t h e s h i n g l y bed of
t h e r i ve r f o r more t ha n hal f t h e di s t a nc e , l eavng it onl y t o c r o s s
t h r e e low s p u r s t o s a ve d e t o u r s , d r a u g h t w i l l be ve r y heavy, al-
t hough t h e gr adi ent s ar e not excessi ve.
A s r e g a r d s t h e p a s s i t s e l f , t h e t o t a l a s c e n t i n some 1, 900 y a r d s is
a bout 800 f e e t , gi vi ng a g r a d i e n t of 1 i n 7. For t h e f i r s t 1, 200
y a r d s t h e r oad f ol l ows t h e nala be d, pa s s i ng a t 9 y a r d s t h r o u g h a
p i c t u r e s q u e little nook cal l ed t h e zi ar at , s h a d e d by nobl e s hi s ha m
t r e e s of g r e a t a g e and wat er ed by a t r i c k l i n g s pr i ng. In t h i s
l e n g t h it is onl y ne c e s s a r y t o c l e a r a whe e l t r a c k of s t o n e s and
boul der s.
Then t h e road zi g- zags up t h e f a c e of t h e hi l l t o t h e l e f t and
p a s s e s t h r o u g h a c l e f t i n t h e r oc k, whi ch is pa r t l y f i l l e d wi t h
s t one s ; a not he r pa t h e nc i r c l e s t h e r oc k, but n e i t h e r a r e s ui t a bl e
f o r guns a t p r e s e n t , and a s t h e g r a d i e n t s a r e bad and t h e c u r v e s
awkwar d, c ons i de r a bl e work is r e qui r e d b e f o r e h o r s e s i n d r a u g h t can
surmount t h e a s c e nt .
Al t hough I was onl y abl e t o make a ve r y c ur s or y exami nat i on of t h e
gr ound, I bel i eve t h e b e t t e r pl an w i l l be t o c a r r y t h e r oad u p t h e
r avi ne f o r a not he r 100 ya r ds , a t t h e e x p e n s e of some bl a s t i ng and
f i l l i ng, and t h e n t o r egai n t h e ol d t r a c k above t h e r oc ky pr omont or y
by a r e t ur n, wi t h a s l o p e of 1 i n 5, some 40 ya r ds l ong. The onl y
obj ect i on bei ng t h a t t h e nar r ownes s of t h e nala w i l l pr obabl y pr e-
ve nt t h e t eams from g e t t i n g r ound t h e c or ne r , and it may be neces -
s ar y t o unhook and r un t h e g u n s up by hand. In any c a s e wor ki ng
pa r t i e s wi t h dr a g- r ope s w i l l be ne c e s s a r y f o r t h e r emai nder of t h e
as cent .
For t h e n e x t 400 ya r ds t h e road is wonder f ul l y good, 17 t o 20 f e e t
wi de, s l opi ng 1 i n 5.5 t o 1 i n 7, and j u s t r ough e nough t o g i v e
f oot hol d. The r e a r e t wo pl a c e s i n t h i s l e n g t h r e qui r i ng i mpr ove-
ment; a s i de l ong pi e c e of gr ound a t a bout 130 y a r d s and a r o c k y
c or ne r a t 240 yar ds .
The remai ni ng 350 f e e t c o n s i s t of a s e r i e s of s h o r t z i g- z a gs var yi ng
from 14 t o 24 pa c e s i n l e n g t h and 18 t o 7 i n wi dt h, e ndi ng i n a
narrow d e f i l e 100 f e e t l ong.
The s l o p e ha r dl y e x c e e d s 1 i n 4.5.
I t wi l l be ne c e s s a r y t o s t r a i g h t e n t h e t r a c k a s f a r a s pos s i bl e t o
allow of t h e h o r s e s wor ki ng w e l l t o g e t h e r in making a f i na l e f f o r t ,
and bl as t i ng w i l l have t o be r e s o r t e d t o, b e f o r e t h e c u t t i n g t h r o u g h
har d l i mes t one, whi ch f or ms t h e s a ddl e , w i l l be passabl e.
The summi t o n c e r e a c h e d , a l l d i f f i c u l t y is a t an e nd a s f a r a s could
be s een. A br oad r o u g h t r a c k wi nds down a little r avi ne with a
s l o p e of 1 i n 6 t o 1 i n 9 01 250 ya r ds , p a s s i n g a spr i ng- head, and
t h e n d e b o u c h e s wi t h a g r a d e o f 1 i n 14 on t o a little open plain,
beyond whi ch it was i mpos s i bl e t o c a r r y o u t t h e i ns pe c t i on.
Anot her pa t hwa y l e a d s u p t h e r i g h t s i d e of t h e n a h t o join t he old
r oad j u s t s h o r t of t h e t op. Th i s woul d n o t be of much service,
pr obabl y a por t i on a t l e a s t of t h e b a g g a g e woul d mar ch by Shawaz, to
avoi d t h e de l a y i n pa s s i ng t h e camel s ove r i n s i n g l e f i l e.
Suppos i ng t h e p a s s t o be oc c upi e d a t d a y l i g h t , g u n s mi ght be taken
ove r wi t h some d i f f i c u l t y by t h e a f t e r n o o n o f t h e f ol l owi ng day,
TWO companies of s a ppe r s being employed, one a t t h e t op of t he pass,
t h e o t h e r a t t h e r e t u r n hal f - way up, i n a d d i t i o n t o t h r e e companies
of i n f a n t r y wor ki ng i n t wo r e l i e f s ( e qua l t o s i x compani es) . Much
d e p e n d s , howe ve r , on t h e p r o g r e s s made i n bl a s t i ng, and it would be
s a f e r t o g i v e t wo c l e a r wor ki ng days . The gr ound t o t h e l e f t of the
p a s s is f avour abl e t o an a t t a c k , or i gi na t i ng e i t h e r up t h e valley to
t h e l e f t of t h e r o c k y g o r g e f a c i n g Niasi, o r f r om t h e vi l l age of
Shawaz. Guns pos t ed on t h e Niasi s l ope would f i r e with good effect
on t h e kot a l wi t h a r a n g e of t wo t hous a nd ya r ds , a s w e l l a s on the
l a s t f i v e hundr e d ya r ds , of r oad.
Th e r e is abundance of wat er near t h e vi l l a ge a t t h i s t i m e of the
year ; whi l e t h e gr ound beyond t h e crest is s u i t a b l e f o r s m a l l camp
and f avour abl e f o r an a c t i v e d e f e n c e . (Call.)
ALTAMUR O r ALTIMUR A!
33-48 69-5 m. A vi l l a ge a t t h e n o r t h e r n f o r t o f t h e Altimur pass,
10 miles f r om its summit. Th e r e is room f o r a br i ga de t o encamp
h e r e wi t h s u f f i c i e n t wat er . Thi s vi l l a ge a p p e a r s t o be identical
wi t h t h e one ment i oned above. (I.B.C.)
*ALUCHAKHAN & 41
35-20 69-9 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e Nawa Bala, t r i but a r y of t h e Koklan,
n o r t h e a s t of t h e Sal ang pa s s .
ALUDI N I
A s e c t i o n of t h e J a gha t u Hazar as.
*ALU KHEL ~b 4'
33-21 69-32. A vi l l a ge wi t h an a gr i c ul t ur a l popul a t i on of about 550
i n Shamal d i s t r i c t o f Pakt ya pr ovi nce.
ALWA KOL cdv
34- 67-. In t h e Yakh Walang d i s t r i c t . I t is one of t h e villages
i n t h e Sari-Kol gl e n a bove Fi r uzabad, and c ont a i ns 10 families of
Yaugur Hazaras. (A.B.C.) Re c e nt maps s how t h e pl ace Alwaqol a t 34-
27 68-1 m. (LWA)
*AMAD KALAI JA'
32-31 68-19 m. A smal l vi l l a ge on t h e Gwas ht a s t r eam, nor t heas t of
Qa di r Khuni i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
*AMIWA
*LJ
32-29 68-16 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a pa t h from Gwas ht a t o ~ o n a r a ~
i n t h e Katawaz ar ea.
AMAN KHEL
J+ "ll
33- 68-.
A vi l l a ge i n Kharwar a bout 31 miles n o r t h e a s t of ~ h a z ~ ~ -
1 - A vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is some 20 miles s out hwe s t
Sul t an Khel, a t 33-46 68-23 G. ( LWA)
AMAR KHEL ( 9 #
34-18 68-41 G. A Ghi l zai vi l l age 6-1/2 n o r t h we s t of Jal al abad,
l yi ng about 1 m i l e from t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Kabul r i ver .
Ther e is
s ai d t o be a powder - f act or y her e. (Malleson, I.B.C.) Anot her pl ace
wi t h t h i s name is l ocat ed a t 33-41 68-52 G. ( LWA)
AMARA KHEL & 'P'
34- 70-. A vi l l age i n Jal al abad, s o u t h of Balabagh. Ther e a r e
several t opes her e which Moor cr of t exami ned. (Moorcroft . )
AMBAR KHANA CL ,b\
34-17 70-49 G. A col l ect i on of 3 Mohmand vi l l ages about 28 m i l e s
s o u t h e a s t o f J al al abad; it lies on t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e Kabul
r i ver , a t t h e j unct i on wi t h t h e l a t t e r of t h e Mohmand Dara. The
vi l l ages cont ai n some 300 fami l i es: headman (1904), Nur Muhammad.
The i nhabi t ant s p o s s e s s about 900 head of c a t t l e , 1, 500 s h e e p and
goa t s , 20 h o r s e s , 50 buf f a l oe s and 200 camels. A l l t h e i r f l o c k s and
h e r d s a r e t a ke n up t o t h e Saf ed Koh i n t h e h o t weat her . The annual
pr oduct i on of wheat and barl ey aver ages about 3,000 Indi an maunds.
In wi nt er Tarazi Kuchi s wi t h t h e i r camel s settle her e.
An al t er nat i ve t o pa r t of t h e main road from Dakka t o Jal al abad
l eaves t h e Latter a t Basawal and, keepi ng t o t h e r i g h t bank of t h e
r i ver nearl y t h e whol e way, p a s s e s t h r o u g h Ambar Khana and r e ga i ns
t h e main road near A l i Bog han. Thi s r out e is f i t f o r camel s and is
much us ed by kaf i l as. Ther e is al s o a new (1905) cr os s - r oad, f i t
f o r camel s, whi ch l eaves t h e main road about 4-1/2 m i l e s e a s t of
Basawal and l e a d s d i r e c t t o Ambar Khana. Ther e is a f o r c e of 30
k has adar s quar t er ed i n Ambar Khana. ( J ohns t on, Malleson, Wanliss,
I.B.C.)
AMBAR SAMUCH p- +
34-48 67-35 m. A vi l l age in t h e Shahi dan gl en, i n t h e d i s t r i c t of
Bamian. I t cont ai ns 50 f ami l i es of Yangur Hazaras. (A.B.C.) Recent
maps s how a pl ace wi t h t h i s name in t h e Darwazan gl en, f u r t h e r t o
t h e s out h. ( LWA)
AMBO KHAK d L pt
34- 68-. A vi l l age in t h e Langar, or Khawat, val l ey, 5-1/2 m i l e s
w e s t of Shai khabad. Suppl i e s a r e p l e n t i f u l a t a l l s e a s ons and wat er
is abundant . (I.B.C.)
*AMBORQUL cb H'
34-6 67-18 m. A vi l l age on a st ream whi ch de bouc he s on t h e Helmand
near Si n j i t a k .
AMIN
A s ect i on of Muhammad Khwaja Hazaras.
AMIN-OD-DAULA KHAN KALA
d " L d,d Cjr\
One of t h e Ri shk hor f o r t s i n t h e Char deh val l ey of Kabul, cont ai ni ng
13 fami l i es of Taj i ks. (I.B.C.)
AMIR KALA 89'
31-46 66-46 G. A vi l l age a t t h e s o u t h e r n mouth of t h e Tangi Wardak
d e f i l e s , 59 miles from Kabul, 46 m i l e s from Ghazni , s i t ua t e d on t h e
l e f t bank of t h e Logar r i ver .
I t c o n s i s t s of t h r e e f o r t s whi ch, i f
hel d, would ver y w e l l bar t h e road. Ther e is some cul t i vat i on, b u t
little camel -grass and f uel .
Th e Ghazni Field Force, marching from Kandahar, encamped her e on t h e
3 0 t h Apr i l 1880. Si r Fr e d e r i c k Robe r t s a l s o encamped h e r e i n
of t h e same year , when mar chi ng f r om Kabul on Kandahar.
Th e r e is no s p a c e f o r a r e gul a r camp o f any s i z e , and t r oops muet
p i t c h h e r e and t h e r e a s t h e gr ound s e r ve s . Pr ovi s i ons i n any quan-
tities can be pr oc ur e d f r om t h e Logar vi l l a ge s o f Hi sarak, Padkao,
Kul angar, Baraki , Rajan, etc., b u t d u e war ni ng mus t be gi ven for
t h e i r c ol l e c t i on.
Th e i n h a b i t a n t s are a mi xt ur e of Taj i ks , Chol ozai s , Wardaks, and
Ahmadzai s.
From Ami r Kala t o Sha i kha ba d is a b o u t 15 miles, by the
Adam Khan d e f i l e , b u t t h a t r o u t e p r e s e n t s g r e a t d i f f i c u l t i e s for
guns, - - vi de "Adam Khan." ( Lumsden, I.B.C.)
*AMIR KHAN KALAI pirL LTI
32-16 68-55 m. A vi l l a ge on a t r i b u t a r y of t h e Gomal r i ver , north
of t h e Par yano Ghar.
* AMREY &PI
34-45 70-51 m. A vi l l a ge on a t r i b u t a r y of t h e Kunar r i ver , some 8
m i l e s n o r t h of Khas Kunar.
AMRUTAK
35-1 66-28 m. A haml et i n Yakh Walang, s i t u a t e d on t h e l e f t bank of
t h e Rud-i-Band-i-Amir, be t we e n t h e vi l l a ge s of Marghi and Baharak.
It c ont a i ns 10 f ami l i es of Hazaras. (A.B.C.)
AMZHI
A vi l l a ge i n Nur i st an, s i t u a t e d i n a g u l whi c h d e b o u c h e s i nt o the
Pe c h near t h e vi l l a ge of Tsaro. ( Rober t son. )
ANABA Or ANAWA
(LI
35-14 69-22 m. A l a r g e vi l l a ge i n t h e u p p e r Pa nj s hi r gl en, distant
by r oad 61 m i l e s f r om Kabul. I t is s i t u a t e d on r i g h t bank of the
s t r e a m and is i nha bi t e d by 150 Tajik f ami l i es. ( Shahzada Taimus.)
*ANARGAI A)b1
34-28 69-44 m. A vi l l a ge l o c a t e d a bout 10 miles s o u t h of Sarobi, on
t h e way t o Gandomak.
o&l
ANDAI
32-10 68-11 m. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Wazakhwa ar ea, one mile sout h of
Mar j ana .
*ANDAR
33- 19 68- 27. Andar is a wo l e s wa l i i n Gh a z n i p r o v i n c e . The
wol eswal i c o mp r i s e s an a r e a o f 828 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s and has an
a gr i c ul t ur a l popul a t i on t h a t h a s be e n e s t i ma t e d a t from 21,941 t o
26,331.
The wol eswal i is bounde d i n t h e w e s t by
~ a r a b a g h , i n the
s o u t h by Gi ru, i n t h e s o u t h e a s t by Yusuf Khel, i n t h e e a s t by
Shar an, i n t h e n o r t h e a s t by Deh Yak, i n t h e nor t h by ~ h a z n i , and in
t h e n o r t h we s t by J a gha t u. Andar h a s a bout 228 vi l l a ge s , 3 of which
have more t h a n 500 i nha bi t a nt s . The major vi l l a ge s l i s t e d i n t h e PG
a r e a s f oU0 ws : I s p e r a h Wag haz, Addi n, Atalwal-i-Waghaz, Khar
Khasha, Ahmadi Har akt u, Ibrahi m Khel , Bar ~ u z u k , Baz ~ohamadt
Bakht i yar , Badwan, Badr i Waghaz, Barahu, Baryam, Basan, Jan Khan
Waghaz, J a n Nur, Jamal, Jami, Cha r Dewar-i-MuUa Salim, Char Dewar
Kabuli, Cha gha r i Waghaz, Chambar-i-Mawla Dad, Che hi l t a n, Hayat ~ h e l r
Khanan, Khe d e r wa l , Kha do Khel - i - Suf l a , ~ h a n i - i - S u f l a and UlYat
Khar ot i , Dadai, Duzdan, De wi , Raz Beg, Rahim ~he l - i - Cha ndo, Rustam!
Rashi d Khel, Zerin, Zakori , Sar Bul agh- i - char dah Waghaz, s a d a r
Khe l , Sa r Deh, Sa r f e r a z , Sul ai man Khe l , Sul a i ma nz a i , s a ng i nskt
&"&,I
*ANIKHANKHEL
34-17 70-51 m. A vi l l aqe on t h e Kabul r i ve r , a bout 2 miles nor t h of
t h e JdlaLabad - ~ o r k ham-hi g h way.
d,+l
*ANJIRAK
34-37 69-7 m. A vi l l age nor t h w e s t of Kabul, and e a s t of t h e r oad t o
Char i kar .
34-44 69-40 m. A vi l l age on t h e Tagab r i ve r , some 6 miles nor t h of
t h e Naghlu dam.
*A0 Also see AB
(d) 9'
A0 BAND 4 9
I
34-29 68-17 m. A l ow t o t a l c r o s s e d by t h e Kabul-Bamian r oad nor t h-
west of t h e Unai pas s . The a s c e n t commences s oon a f t e r l eavi ng t h e
haml et of Jaokul , t h e summit bei ng r e a c he d a t 3-3/4 m i l e s from t h a t
pl ace. The d e s c e n t from t h e kot a l is a bout hal f a m i l e i n l e n g t h
and is easy.
A d r y nala is n e x t c r o s s e d , and t h e n t h e r e is a g e n t l e rise of one
f ur l ong t o t h e Sangi ni a Kotal. From t h i s t h e r oad d e s c e n d s by an
e a s y gr a di e nt f o r hal f a mi l e , when it e n t e r s a hol l ow.
A t 5-1/4 m i l e s from J a okul it e n t e r s a d e f i l e , a bout 10 y a r d s wi de.
The r oad t h r o u g h it is r ough and i n d i f f e r e n t , and d o e s not a ppe a r t o
be pr act i cabl e f o r a r t i l l e r y.
A t 7-1/4 miles t h e road l e a ve s t h e d e f i l e and s h o r t l y a f t e r c r o s s e s
t h e Helmand. (A.B.C.)
A 0 BAZAK
cJj& ,I
34- 68-. A vi l l age i n t h e d i s t r i c t of t h e l owe r Logar, w e s t of t h a t
r i ve r i n a val l ey t owa r ds Maidan. I t c o n s i s t s of e i g h t f o r t s , o r
haml et s, and is i nha bi t e d by Sahak Ghi l zai s. In 1880 Ao Bazak
cont ai ned 102 f ami l i es. Water from a kar ez. (Euan Smith.)
*AODA 1 >)I
35-37 69-17 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e Arzo st r eam, near its c onf l ue nc e
wi t h t h e Andarab.
35-10 69-9 m. A vi l l age on a t r i but a r y of t h e Sal ang r i ver , some 6
mi l e s w e s t of t h e SaLang highway.
A0 DAKAI &'
33- 68-. A kot a l l e a di ng over t h e hi l l s s o u t h of Kharwar. I t is
an e a s y r out e f o r f o o t t r a ve l l e r s , b u t is sel dom us e d by mount ed men
or ba gga ge animals, t h o u g h pas s abl e f o r t h e l a t t e r wi t h some t r ou-
bl e. Th e t r a c k a s c e n d s t h e h i l l s o u t h e a s t o f I s p i d a r o v e r a n
e xc e e di ngl y s t e e p gr a di e nt till near t h e f i r s t kot a l over t h e r i d g e
whi ch d i v i d e s ~ s p i d a r from Ergana. I t t h e n f ol l ows t h e c u r v e s of
t h e s p u r s , and a f t e r pa s s i ng over a not he r low kot a l d e s c e n d s i n t o
t h e u p p e r p a r t of t h e val l ey of t h e Ergana st r eam. The l a t t e r rises
in a gr assy basin-shaped t r ough, surrounded by hi gh limestone c l i f f s
and r uns nort hwards t hr ough a narrow def i l e t o Ergana.
The r e a r e t wo p a t h s from Ergana t o t h e Ao Dakai Pass. One c r o s s e s
t h e hi l l s s out h of t h e vi l l age, and j oi ni ng t h e r o u t e from I s pi da r ,
p a s s e s i nt o t h e u p p e r pa r t of t h e valley. The o t h e r is i mpassabl e
f o r h o r s e s and a s c e n d s t h e st r eam vi a t h e de f i l e . The basi n- shaped
val l ey of t h e u p p e r Ergana i s c l os e d t o s o u t h ward by a r oc ky r i d g e ,
whi ch f or ms t h e wa t e r s he d. Over it l ead t wo r o u t e s known a s t h e Ao
Dakai pa s s e s . They a r e ve r y r o u g h on t h e s o u t h e r n s i de s . (Gries-
bach. )
A0 DAKAI Ad,\
33-37 68-44 m. A k o t a l l e a di ng from Kharwar t o Tera i n Gardez. ~t
lies j u s t e a s t of t h e Altimur pa s s , and is a ver y d i f f i c u l t path,
onl y pas s abl e by men on f oot . ( Gr i esbach. ) The r e is now a village
i n t h i s area. (LWA)
A0 DARA 4~ J&
34-55 68-1. The r o c k y g o r g e t h r o u g h whi ch t h e Bamian r i ver flows
from Shi ka r i t o Doab-i-Mekhzari is cal l ed t h e Ao Dara. See "Sur-
khab." Recent maps s how t h e name Dara Sh i k a r i i n t h i s area. Vil-
l a g e s wi t h t h i s name a r e l oc a t e d a t 33-42 67-48 and 35-10 67-29 G.
( LWA
A0 DARA ,J J)!
34- 69-. A vi l l age 1 2 m i l e s n o r t h e a s t of Kabul, on a f e e d e r of the
Panj s hi r r i ver . I t is i nha bi t e d by Jabar Khel Ghi l zai s. (Kennedy.)
A vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is s o u t h we s t of t h e Kuhi-i-Safi, a t 34-42
69-19 m. (LWA)
A0 DARA ZAGH See KOH- I - BABA e'; dJ J,'
A0 DILLA 4 J,'
34-25 68-5 G. A t r i but a r y of t h e Helmand, whi ch, r i s i ng near the
Aoband k o t a l i n t h e Butland-i-Kash hi l l s , f l o ws n o r t h war ds and joins
t h e Helmand about 7 miles bel ow Gardan Di wa l .
A0 GARDAN OR GHAO GARDAN
i)' J$ I'
34- 23 67-15 A. A k o t a l i n t h e e a s t o f t h e Dai Zangi count r y,
c r o s s e d by t h e main r oad l e a di ng from Kabul t h r o u g h t h e Hazarajat to
Herat .
A0 KHANA +I
33- 6%. A p a s s l e a di ng nor t h from Kharwar t o t h e Char kh river.
I t is a f o o t p a t h oi nl y and f or ms a c onve ni e nt s h o r t c u t from ChaLa
Khel. The pat h branches of f t h e main road from Kharwar t o ~harpach-
ak, and a s c e n d s t h e low r a nge whi ch r u n s s o u t h from t h e ~ o s h a k h
peak; a f t e r s k i r t i n g t h e latter on its e a s t s i d e it d e s c e n d s by way
of a s t e e p r avi ne, whi ch j oi ns t h e Char kh r i ve r j u s t below the
d e f i l e . From t h a t poi nt it is an e a s y t r a c k t o Kala-i-Bala, the
f i r s t s e t t l e me n t of Char kh. (Gri esbach. )
AO KOL Or ABQOL
chi ,'
34-52 67-16 m. A t agao i n t h e Dai Zangi count r y. Ther e is also a
vi l l age wi t h t h i s name nor t h of t h e Band-i-Amir. ( LWA)
AOLAD
JY,'
35-40 69-21 m. A vi l l aqe on t h e Andarab r i ver , about 6 miles north-
-
e a s t of Banu.
AONARA I
4,'
33-52 68-37 m. A vi l l age on t h e road from Ghazni t o Kabul, about 30
m i l e s n o r t h e a s t o f Ghazni .
AOPAR N '
34-58 67-52 m a
A vi l l age on a t r i but a r y of t h e Shi ka r Dara, north
of Bamian.
! I
A0 PARAN
3 rc9
34-12 69-14 m. A vi l l age i n t h e l ower Logar val l ey, e a s t o f t h e
r i ver Logar and c l o s e under t h e hi l l s. I t cont ai ns f i v e f o r t s or
haml et s, and 30 f ami l i es, its i nhabi t ant s bei ng Ahmadzai Ghi l zai s.
Water from a karez. (Euan Smith.)
A0 SHAHAR-I-THIBA (~b' ) -9'
34- 69-. A d e t a c h e d por t i on of t h e vi l l age of Thiba, l yi ng bet ween
and l a t t e r and Khi ngot , i n t h e Char deh val l ey o f Kabul. Inhabi -
t ant s : Ki zi l bash. Ther e a r e 11 f o r t s i n t h e pl ace, vi z:
1. Kala-i-Mirza Karb A l i 7. Kala-i-Ghulam A l i
2. Kala-i-Dost Muhammad 8. Kala-i-Karam A l i
3. Kala-i-Mirza Khan 9. Kala-i-Muhammad Hashi m
4. Kala-i-Ghulam Riza 10. Kala-i-Mulla Sul t an A l i
5. Kala-i-Mirza Baba Khan 11. Kala-i-Mirza Ahad
6. Kala-i-Ghulam Haidar ( I .B.C.)
A0 SHAR See AFSHAR
A0 TAKTAK
(d&) &&,I
34-20 67-12 G. A s m a l l vi l l aqe of about 10 h o u s e s on t h e l e f t bank
of t h e Si ah Dara, about 11-172 m i l e s e a s t o f Panjao. The val l ey is
h e r e about 50 ya r ds wi de and cont ai ns a little cul t i vat i on. (Wan-
liss.) Recent maps s how t h e name Abtugak on t h e Darazqol , e a s t o f
Panjao, a t 34-23 67-13 m. ( LWA)
A0 ZANJAN "
34-16 69-48 G. A valley between Aspando and Hisarak, w e s t of Ganda-
mak. I t is i nhabi t ed by t h e Miran Khel, who a r e s ai d t o number
15, 000 f i ght i ng- men! From wher e t h e wat er s of t h e s e val l eys uni t e
wi t h t h e Ghaoghi zah st r eam, is a d i s t a n c e of 3 m i l e s t o t h e f o r t a t
Hi sarak, and t h e uni t ed wat er s f al l i nt o t h e Sur khab r i ver . (Col-
lett. ) A v i l l a g e wi t h t h i s name is ne a r by, a t 34-16 69-32 G.
( LWA
APARAN
\ \
u x
32-29 67-36 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed about hal f way bet ween t h e Ab-i-
I s t adah and t h e Tarnak r i ver .
APSAI or AFSAI rT
35-46 71-21 m. Elev. 7, 230 f e e t . A f o r t vi l l age in t h e Katir
di vi s i on of t h e Bashgul val l ey s i t ua t e d on Le f t bank of st r eam and
cont ai ni ng about 200 fami l i es. Ther e is a s m a l l s ubur b on t h e r i g h t
bank r eached by a good br i dge. J u s t i n s i d e t h e r i ver ent r ance t h e r e
is an underground passage which opens a few yards f ur t her on t o t h e
r i ver bank. A t t h i s e x p o s e d end of t h e pa s s a ge t h e r e is a r ough
cover ed way of pl anks enabl i ng t h e vi l l ager s in war t i m e t o draw
t h e i r wat er - suppl y from t h e r i ver . Also see Afsai. (Barrow, Ro-
ber t son. )
ARABS 'e3
In t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t t h e r e i s a s m a l l col ony of Arabs, who
s u p p o s e t h e y came t o i t wi t h Timur Lang about four-and-a-half
c e nt ur i e s ago. They s pe a k no l anguage but Persi an, and a ppa r e nt l y
have l o s t al l t r a c e s of t h e i r nat i onal char act er , s ave t h a t t h e y a r e
cour ageous and somewhat gi ven t o namadic habi t s . They form t h e
f ol l owi ng cl ans:
Bahl ol i
Kunram Khel
Shut ar i
Deh- i-Nazar
Waht ei t i
Jamul i
Zangui
Deh-i-Daulat
Deh-i-Jani
I r a k i
Th e s e c h i e f l y r e s i d e i n Besud and Kunar. The c h i e f is of t he
Bahl ol i cl an. Th i s is a wel l - conduct ed i n d u s t r i o u s t r i be , given to
b o t h p a s t o r a l and a g r i c u l t u r a l p u r s u i t s , and i n t h e time of the
monarchy f ur ni s hed 100 horsemen. An a nc e s t r e s s of t h e chi ef of this
t r i b e was mar r i ed t o Ahmad Sha h Durani and
was t h e mot he r of hi s son
Timur Shah.
Th e s e Arabs ha ve a l s o c ol oni z e d i n Bajaur, Pes hawar , and Paghman.
(MacGregor . )
Th e f ol l owi ng is J e n k y n s ' a c c o u n t of t h e Ar abs i n t h e Jalalabad
d i s t r i c t : "Taimur Lang i n t r o d u c e d a col ony o f Arabs i nt o Jalalabad.
Si mi l ar c ol oni e s a r e t o be f ound i n Kabul and Tur ki s t an. Ther e are
t we l v e d i v i s i o n s of t hem, vi z:
1. Miran ( i n Kala-i-
F a z i l Beg)
2. Sa r ba da l i ( i n Karez-i-
Shukur Khan)
3. Zi nj a ni ( i n Besud)
4. Zangoi ( i n Ghanchak
and Bakht an)
5. I r a k i ( i n Kama)
6. Wi l ayat i ( i n Wi l ayat )
7. Pashai ( i n Kama)
8. Ba l oi ( i n Kama)
9. Khuram Khel ( i n
Nahr-i-Shahi)
10. Si ka nda r i ( not
found i n J al al abad)
11. Zedaul at ( i n Karez-
i - Kabi r )
12. Zenazar ( i n Kabul)
"The Arabs d o n o t g i v e t h e i r d a u g h t e r s i n mar r i age t o men of other
t r i b e s . The y a r e e n g a g e d i n a gr uc ul t ur a l and pa s t or a l pursui t s.
The y k e e p f l o c k s of camel s, s h e e p , etc., and a r e , gener al l y, ready
t o u n d e r t a k e c a r r yi ng wor k. The y a r e all k u c h i s , t h a t is dur i ng t he
h o t we a t he r t h e y mi gr a t e t o Kabul r e t u r n i n g t o Jal al abad in t he
wi nt er . The i r summer s e t t l e me n t s a r e a t Paghman and Besud near
Kabul. They number a bout 1, 500 f ami l i es , i n t h i s d i s t r i c t . They
s p e a k Per s i an, and ha ve q u i t e f o r g o t t e n t h e l a ngua ge of Arabia. In
f or mer d a y s t h e whol e of Besud was i n p o s s e s s i o n of t h i s tribe. "
The f ol l owi ng is J e n k y n s ' list of t h e vi l l a ge s i n t h e ~al al abad
d i s t r i c t , whi c h a r e whol l y or pa r t l y oc c upi e d by Arabs:
Johan-nama a l i a s Kasa- 10.
i-Payan ( i nc l udi ng Kala- 11.
i -Al i -Khel , Kal a- i - Babar i , 12.
Kala-i-Arbabha, Kal a-i - 13.
Pa z i l Beg) 14.
Nahar-i-Shahi 15.
Karez-i-Malik Lal a 16.
Iml ak-i -Shahi -Pai wast a- 17.
i-Jalalabad 18.
Gaomeshbela
Kal a- i - Sai yi d Ahmad 19.
W i l a y a t i
I khl asabad- i - Ar abi 20.
Zangoi
( Jen kyns. ) 21.
Besud
Miri kbel a
Nurzai-o-Ushturi
Jamal i - o- Si r badal i
Bi l a nga r
Pi r awar
Deh- i -Gha z i
Sher gar
Landabuch and Jam
~l i
Za r s ha - i - ~a l a l uddi n
Khan
Zakhel -i -Zul f i kar
Khan
Kala-i-Shaik h
ARCHAGAON e,'
35-28 70-0.
A p a s s l e a di ng i n t o Nur i st an from ~e g- i - Pa r i a n a t t he
head of t h e Pa nj s hi r val l ey. Ar chagaon is a l s o t h e name of a fort
i n Nur i st an havi ng 18 t owe r s . (Leech. )
ARDA
4 dJ\
33- 68-. A p a s s l eadi ng s o u t h from Kharwar t o Shi l gha r and Ghazni.
1 t is pas s abl e f o r h o r s e s and baggage, eas y on t h e Kharwar s i d e , a
r api d d e s c e n t on t h e ot her . (Gri esbach. )
ARGHACH FJ'
34-18 70-9 G. A Khugiani vi l l age cont ai ni ng about 200 h o u s e s about 5
m i l e s s o u t h e a s t of Nimla. Water enough f o r t wo br i gades . Fodde r
f o r about 6,000 ani mal s f o r one day and about 1,000 maunds of un-
ground grain can be obtained from Argach and neighbourhood. Fuel in
l a r g e qua nt i t i e s is pr ocur abl e from Kaja. (Johnst on. )
ARGHANDEH 4 bJ\
34-29 68-54 m. Elev. 7, 628 f e e t . A l a r g e vi l l age bet ween Kabul and
Maidan, 14 m i l e s from t h e f or mer and 10 from t h e l a t t e r . I t c o n s i s t s
of t wo por t i ons , Arg handeh-i-Bald and Arg handeh-i-Pain, t h e latter
l yi ng t o t h e nor t h. I t was a pl ace of cons i der abl e i mpor t ance dur i ng
t h e Br i t i s h occupat i on of 1879-80, a s it commands t h e road by whi ch
s u p p l i e s a r e b r o u g h t i n t o t h e c i t y of Kabul from t h e w e s t and s out h-
w e s t .
The vi l l age lies about 2 1/2 miles nor t h of t h e road, goi ng from
Kabul. Ther e is pl ent y o f s p a c e f o r campi ng gr ound t o t h e e a s t of
t h e vi l l age, wi t h abundant s u p p l i e s and good water.
Here i n 1839 Dost Muhammad abandoned h i s ar t i l l er y, c ons i s t i ng of
28 guns , t o t h e Br i t i s h advanci ng on Kabul.
Accordi ng t o Molloy, Ar ghandeh is i nhabi t ed by t h e Bazid Khel sec-
t i on of Ghi l zai s, wi t h whom a r e i nt er mi ngl ed a f e w Tajik fami l i es.
T h e r e a r e a b o u t 1, 500 f a mi l i e s i n a l l , and t h e y pay R 5, 000 i n
r evenue. The p r e s e n t (1 89 5) headman is Fazl-ud-din Khan. (Molloy,
Masson, Hough, Havel ock, Campbell, Kennedy, I.B.C.) Ar ghandeh Pain
is l ocat ed a t 34-31 68-56 m. ( LWA)
*ARGHU 9,'
33-25 69-45 m. A vi l l age on a s m a l l st r eam, n o r t h we s t of Khost .
ARGU \
,J
35- 70-. Deh-i Argu is a vi l l age i n t h e Parian val l ey, a t r i but ar y
of t h e Panj shi r , 9 1/2 m i l e s above t h e j unct i on, and 6 m i l e s bel ow
t h e Archagaon p a s s i nt o Nuri st an. (Leech. )
AR I OH
35-31 69-57 m. A t r i but ar y gl en of t h e Parian or u p p e r Panj shi r.
"From Chahar Deh of Parian t h e r e a r e t ow r oa ds i n t o Nuri st an t h e
Wariaj and Arioh. Both g o up gl e ns of t h o s e names and d e s c e n d by
o t h e r gl e ns havi ng t h e same names. The Arioh is t h e bes t . Hor s es
have been t aken over it. The wari aj pat h is us ed by s a l t t r a de r s .
Thos e from t h e Panj shi r s i d e t a k e t h e s a l t hal f way t o t h e kot al
(about 5 mi l es?), and a r e t h e r e m e t by t h e Kafi rs who ba r t e r f o r it.
The Wariaj is sai d t o be ver y si mi l ar t o t h e Chamar road. The kot a l
is on t h e Koh-i -Surkhshal whi ch has a h i g h peak. The peak n o r t h e a s t
of t h e Kotal is Mir Ismail. The Arioh Kotal is s o u t h we s t of t h e
Sur khs ha l peak. Wakhe Peak is on t h e o t h e r s i d e of it.
The di s t a nc e from t h e Wariaj Kotal t o t h e f i r s t s e t t l e me nt o f Kaf i r s
is s ai d t o be t h e same a s t h e c or r e s pondi ng d i s t a n c e on t h e Chamar
r oa d, t h a t is, a b o u t 14 miles. Th e f i r s t v i l l a g e is Li na, t h e n
Purang. The t wo cont ai n 250 hous e s of Kor eshi Kafi rs ( s o cal l ed from
t h e name of t h e pl ace, whi ch was once i nhabi t ed by Kor es hi Arabs).
Ther e is cul t i vat i on, and al s o or char ds . The gl en is 200 y a r d s wi de,
wi t h a narrow bottom and s l opi ng s i de s . Ther e is a pl ace lower down
cal l ed Dasht-i-Ayar, wher e t r o o p s mi ght encamp. Below t h i s t h e gl en
becomes a d e f i l e cal l ed Mukhim Kadao. Lower still is anot her, Lina,
wi t h s t e e p hi gh hi l l s on bot h s i de s .
The ~ r i o h road is s ai d t o be t h e b e s t of t h e t h r e e from Parian, and
l aden yabus can be g o t over it, t hough wi t h di f f i c ul t y. I t resembles
t h e o t h e r s more or less. Some 5 or 6 m i l e s up t h e wes t er n Arioh glen
was f or mer l y a vi l l age cal l ed Arioh, but havi ng been constantly
a t t a c ke d by t h e Kafi rs, it has been abandoned. The Arioh Kotal is
sai d t o be 15 m i l e s from Chahar Deh, and t h e f i r s t Kafir village is
t h e same di s t a nc e beyond. I t is now d e s e r t e d l i k e Arioh; and for a
l i k e r eason, becaus e it is t oo e xpos e d t o t h e a t t a c ks of t h e Panj-
s hi r i s . " (Shal zada Taimus.)
ARODA 4 J>J'
34- 70-. A vi l l age in t h e Al i shang val l ey, l e f t bank of t hat ri-
ver , 58 miles from Jalalabad on road t o Farajg han, from which it is
65 m i l e s s out h. I t has 70 hous e s of Saf i s . (Leech.)
AROK I da'
A t r i be ment i oned by Masson a s i nhabi t i ng t h e val l ey of Alingar. He
gi ve s no i n ormation r egar di ng t hem beyond t h e i r name. (Masson.) A
vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is about 4 m i l e s s out h of Jabal Saraj in
Parwan pr ovi nce, a t 35-6 69-16 G. (LWA)
ARSALA KHAN KALA c.,k ir'&)L,l
34- 69-. A f o r t in t h e Charasi a t owns hi p of Kabul. There are in
t h e pl ace 20 fami l i es of Jabar Khel Ghi l zai s. The f o r t s t ands on a
r i d g e bet ween Kala-i-Fathu and Ri s hkhor . I t bel onged t o t h e Jabar
Khel c hi e f , Mazulla Khan. (I.B.C.) One pl ace wi t h t h i s name is near
Bawali, Sur khr ud, a t 34-24 70-15 G. (LWA)
ARU a'
35-23 69-36 G. A vi l l age in t h e uppe r Panj shi r, about 6 1/2 miles
above Bazarak. Fi f t e e n hous e s of Khawanin Zadagan Taj i ks, relatives
of t h e Khans of Panj shi r. (Shahzada Taimus.)
\
ARUK I 02
34-59 69-23 m. A vi l l age in Char i kar , s i t ua t e d some 12 miles below
Anaba, on bot h banks of t h e Panj shi r r i ver . One hundr ed houses of
Ghi l zai s. (Shah zada Taimus.)
t . ! . I
ARZAN I ( U- J - ~ 1 db'
35-16 69-13 M. A vi l l age s out h of t h e Bajgah pas s , 9 miles above
Nowach; c l os e by is t h e vi l l age of Wawak. (I.B.C.)
ARZBEGI & ~+f
33- 68-. A walled vi l l age, about 60 miles s out he a s t of ~h a z n i *
(Campbell . )
ARZBEGI & UP
32- 67-. A vi l l age near Aghao Jan, on t h e road from ~ h a z n i t o
Kalat-i-Ghilzai. Ther e is a kar ez her e, t h e wat er of whi ch though
not bad, has a s l i ght l y i ns i pi d fl avour, a s i f it hel d in solution a
Small quant i t y of ni t r e. ( Bel l ew. ) A vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is
l ocat ed a t 32-40 68-32 G. (LWA)
ARZIA See ZURIA
4
*ARZIGAI ( 2 1 A'
35-10 71-30 m. A vi l l age on t h e Kunar r i ver , about 3 miles south-
west of Narai i n Kunar provi nce.
ARZU $$ A J ~
35-26 69-17. A p a s s l e a di ng over t h e Hindu Kush from t h e Panj s hi r
val l ey t o Banu i n Andarab--See "Khwaja Deh." I t is t h e s h o r t e s t
pos s i bl e l i ne f o r t r a ve l l e r s from Kabul t o Khanabad and Kunduz but
it is t oo d i f f i c u l t t o be made much u s e o f . The r oad is bad, and
t h e p a s s is s a i d t o be ve r y h i g h , t h o u g h l i g h t l y l a de n camel s of t h e
c ount r y can g e t over it.
The d e s c e n t nor t h is by t h e narrow Arzu gl e n, whi ch j oi ns t h e Andar-
a b v a l l e y j u s t a b o v e Banu. Its s t r e a m is c r o s s e d by a r i c k e t y
wooden b r i d g e on t h e r oad up t h e Andarab. Banu is 16 m i l e s from t h e
kot al . The vi l l age of Arzu, about a m i l e above t h e mout h of t h e
gl e n, c ont a i ns 10 f ami l i es of Kohzi Hazaras. The r e is no i nforma-
t i on on r e c or d r e ga r di ng t h e c l os i ng of t h i s r oad i n wi nt er , b u t a s
it is s a i d t o be t h e h i g h e s t o f a l l t h e p a s s e s , it is a l mo s t
c e r t a i nl y i mpassabl e a t an e a r l i e r d a t e t ha n t h e o t h e r s , and a l s o
ope ne d l at er . (A.B.C.) A vi l l a ge near t h i s p a s s is about 4 m i l e s
s o u t h of Banu, a t 35-36 69-16 m. ( LWA)
ARZU (OR URZU) I;J
I
33-28 68-29 m. A s m a l l vi l l age 6 miles s o u t h e a s t of Ghazni and 1/2
m i l e nor t h of Shal ez. I nhabi t ant s : Taj i ks. f o r d e t a i l s of t h e
a c t i on f o u g h t by Br i gadi er - Gener al Pal l i s er be t we e n Aruz and Sha l e z
on 23 Apr i l 1880, see "Of f i ci al Hi s t or y of t h e Second Af ghan War."
(I.B.C.)
* ASADABAD &T *.I
34-52 71-8. Asadabad is t h e a dmi ni s t r a t i ve c e n t e r of Kunar and a
wol eswal i i n t h e Nangarhar pr ovi nce. The wol eswal i c ompr i s e s an
ar ea of 480 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s and ha s an a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on
t h a t ha s been e s t i ma t e d a t f r om 9,102 t o 12,010. The wol eswal i is
bounded i n t h e west and nor t h by Pi ch, i n t h e n o r t h e a s t and e a s t by
Bar Kunar and t h e St a t e of Paki st an, and i n t h e s o u t h by Si r ka i and
Narang. The wol eswal i ha s about 30 vi l l ages , 10 of whi ch have more
t ha n 500 i nhabi t ant s . The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows :
Dam Kalai, Dosha Khel, Yarg ul, Karala (Kerhal a) , Tes ha, Nauabad,
Danduna, Bacha Kalai ( Li cha Kalai), Wata Pur, Shi ngam, Lodam, Kar-
mol, Dag i-i-Karmol, Qamchi, Sapar ai ( Sapar i ) , Katar Qala, Qaru or
Qaraw, Karung, Deh waz-i-Jad i d , Gambi r - i - Jadi d, Gambir-i-Af g ha n,
Katar-i-Af g han, Qatar-i-Jad i d (Qat ar Qala) , Sangar ( Shangar ) , Deh wa-
z-i-Kuhna, Tus Qala, Hazar Bag h, Maidan-i-Nankata, and Zirani.
* ASAR
P
\
33-23 69-50 m. A haml et i n t h e hi l l s n o r t h we s t of Khost .
* ASGHARI &'
32-33 67-28 m. A vi l l age on t h e Tarnak r i ver , n o r t h e a s t of Shahj ui .
ASHAK
, sJ+. \
32-16 68-10 m. A haml et n o r t h we s t of Marjana i n Wazikhwa d i s t r i c t
of Ghazni pr ovi nce.
ASHKUN &\
An i mpor t ant Kafir t r i be. - Se e "Nuristan. " Thei r c ount r y is s a i d
t o be s ur r ounde d by t h i c k f o r e s t , pr act i cal l y i npe ne t r a bl e , and is
d e f e n d e d by a ver y br ave peopl e, par t i cul ar l y w e l l armed wi t h mat ch-
l oc ks , who a r e a t war wi t h al l t h e o t h e r Kafir t r i be s , wi t h t h e
pos s i bl e e x c e p t i o n of t h e Wai. The Pech r i ve r is j oi ned by t h e t wo
Ashkun s t r eams , t h e u p p e r f al l i ng i nt o t h e K t i r i ver , t h e l ower ,
whi ch dr a i ns t h e Ashkun val l ey i nha bi t e d by "Shai khs, " j oi ni ng t h e
Pech d i r e c t . (Robert son. )
Th e r e is a l s o a mount ai n wi t h t h i s name n o r t h of Pes h Darrah in
Kunar pr ovi nce, a t 37-7 70-40 G. (LWA)
ASHLAN Or USHLAN &I
32-46 68-9 m. A vi l l age on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Ghazni ri ver about
20 m i l e s n o r t h of t h e Ab-i-Istada l ake. The r e a r e t wo f o r t s here
and 20 f ami l i es of Ghi l zai s. The Ghazni r i v e r f l ows sl uggi shl y
be t we e n s t e e p banks , and t h e c ount r y r ound is compl et el y devoid of
b r u s h wood and i mpr egnat ed wi t h s al t . No s u p p l i e s a r e obtainable.
(Broadf oot . )
ASHPI &'
35-18 71-22 m. A vi l l age on t h e Loy Khwar stream which debouches on
t h e Kunar r i v e r near Nishagam.
ASHUK SALI JL *
34- 69-. A p a s s bet ween t h e Lakarai and Aspando Kats, 9 1/2 miles
from t h e f or mer and 2 1/2 from t h e l a t t e r . As cent and descent
si mi l ar t o t h o s e of t h e Paiwar Kotal. (Gordon.)
ASHUR ( P &) &'
34- 69-. A s m a l l vi l l age 4 miles n o r t h we s t of Kabul, near Deh-i-
Kipak. It s t a n d s on t h e we s t e r n s h o r e of t h e Wazirabad l ake. The
i nha bi t a nt s a r e Hazaras. (Kennedy.)
ASLAM KALA
L4&
34- 68-. A vi l l age on t h e main Kabul-Herat road about 9 miles east
of t h e Unai p a s s and c l o s e t o a n o t h e r vi l l age cal l ed Daulat Muhammad
Kala. The t wo t o g e t h e r cont ai n about 140 f ami l i es of Timuris and
Taj i ks. The i nha bi t a nt s p o s s e s s about 200 head of c a t t l e and 200
goa t s . The annual pr oduc t i on of wheat and bar l ey aver ages about
2,000 I ndi an maund s. (Wanliss. )
ASMAI
$L-7
34- 69-. Elev. 6, 790. A hi l l f or mi ng t h e n o r t h e r n bar r i er of the
Kabul gorge, and dominating from t h e w e s t Deh-i-Afghan, t h e northem
s ubur b of Kabul. I t s d i s t a n c e from Sh e r p u r is about 3,000 yards.
Thi s hi l l was t h e s c e n e o f har d f i g h t i n g on t h e 1 4 t h December 1879.
For d e t a i l s see "Of f i ci al Hi s t or y of t h e Second Af ghan War."
ASMAR
,Li
35-2 71-22 m.
A f o r t , vi l l age, and cant onment s on t h e l e f t bank of
t h e Kunar r i ver , d i s t a n t 77 m i l e s from Jalalabad. A t 8 miles from
Si hga l on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e r i ver , t h e Asmar b r i d g e is reached:
a wooden c a nt i l e ve r b r i d g e of about 90 f e e t s pan, wi t h small loop-
hol ed bl ock- hous es about 1 5 f e e t s qua r e , guar di ng it a t e i t h e r end-
The r oadway 7 f e e t wi de wi t h l ow (18 i n c h e s ) wooden rai l i ngs. In
Apr i l 1895, t h e r oadway was about 12 f e e t above t h e water. The
abutments are of dr y s t one masonry bonded with wooden beams, and as
mentioned, ar e surmounted by s ma l l masonry rooms which Serve
t h e doubl e pur pose of def ence and count er wei ght s t o keep t he shore
e n d s of t h e r oad- bear er s in pos i t i on. Hor s es have t o be l ed across
as t h e b r i d g e swayB a good de a l i n t h e c e nt r e . Laden mules would
have t o
be unl oaded b e f o r e c r o s s i n g , as t h e i r l o a d s would be cer-
t ai n t o c a t c h in t h e door ways of t h e bl oc khous e s .
On t h e r i ght
bank, j u s t above t h e b r i d g e and c l o s e t o t h e campi ng gr ound, which
1. of r a t h e r l i mi t ed area, is a var y di l a pi da t e d f o r t i f i e d garai
wi t h l oop- hool ed t o we r s and gate-way. Ex c e p t near s h i g a l and at
Asmar t h e r e is no cul t i vat i on on t h i s march. he val l ey between
S h i g d and Asmar is r a t h e r nar r ow -- a bout 250 or 300 y a r d s , as a
r ul e, f r om h i l l s i d e t o hi l l s i de . t h e r i v e r f l o ws i n a series o f S-
c u r v e s , gi vi ng a little f a i r l y l e v e l gr ound a l t e r n a t e l y on t h e e a s t
and w e s t s i d e s i n t h e b e n d s o f t h e c ur ve .
Half a m i l e bel ow t h e b r i d g e t h e r e is an o u t p o s t on a s p u r , t h e r oad
on e i t h e r s l o p e h e r e be i ng ve r y s t e e p and t h e z i g- z a gs ba dl y l a i d
out . The s h a l e o f whi c h t h e s p u r is f or me d is s o f t and f r i a bl e , and
a new l i n e c oul d b e l a i d o u t wi t h o u t much d i f f i c u l t y . From t h e r oad
a t t h i s s p u r a good vi ew o f t h e Asmar o r Kar kot Dara, t h e s t r e a m o f
whi c h s e p a r a t e s t h e c a nt onme nt s on t h e s o u t h s i d e f r om t h e vi l l a ge
and f o r t of t h e ol d Khans of Asmar on t h e n o r t h bank. The g a r r i s o n
of Asmar c o n s i s t of a s q u a d r o n o f caval r y, 3 ba t t a l i ons o f i n f a n t r y ,
mount ai n, and 3 machi ne, g u n s and 200 Khasadar s. Th e i n f a n t r y a r e
s ai d t o f u r n i s h t h e d e t a c h me n t o f 2 c ompa ni e s a t t h e ~ i r z a k a i Kot al
A smal l wooden b r i d g e c o n n e c t s t h e c a nt onme nt s wi t h t h e ol d vi l l a ge ,
whi c h c o n t a i n s f r om 150 o r 200 h o u s e s and is commanded by t h e f o r t ,
a s t r o n g pl a c e of its ki nd, a bout 60 y a r d s s q u a r e wi t h w a l l s a bout
20 f e e t h i g h and t o we r s a t t wo o f t h e a n g l e s t o p r o v i d e f l a nk
d e f e n c e . The f o r t is b i s e c t e d di agonal l y by a h i g h t r a v e r s e w a l l 1 8
o r 20 f e e t hi gh. Owing t o t h i s t r a v e r s e , i n s p i t e o f t h e f a c t t h a t
t h e site is commanded near l y al l r ound a t r a n g e s var yi ng f r om 200 t o
500 y a r d s , t h e t e r r a i n o f t h e f o r t is w e l l d e f i l a d e d . Th e r e is
a p a r e n t l y no w e l l wi t hi n t h e f o r t i t s e l f , b u t t h e Asmar s t r e a m f l o ws
wi t hi n 12 o r 1 3 p a c e s o f its s o u t h f a c e , and a por t i on o f t h e bank
is wi t hi n t h e o u t e r e n c l o s u r e wa l l . Below t h e f o r t i n s i d e t h e o u t e r
e n c l o s u r e is a l emon ga r de n. From Asmar t h e r e is a f a i r l y good r oad
i n t o u p p e r Bajaur and D i r u p t h e Asmar Dara and ove r t h e Bi ns hi p a s s
(9, 000 f e e t ) t o Janbat ai . Th i s r oad is n o t a s a r u l e pr a c t i c a bl e
f o r a c o u p l e of mont hs i n wi nt er . Anot he r r oad f r om Dangam i n t h e
Asmar Dara l e a d s ove r t h e Trepaman p a s s ( a bout 10, 000 f e e t ) i n t o t h e
Sa l a r z a i c ount r y.
A t t h e p r e s e n t t i m e Asmar is u n d e r s t o o d t o f or m a s ubdi vi s i on o f t h e
Kunar d i s t r i c t - see "Kunar;" b u t p r e v i o u s t o 1891 it e nj oye d a
mor e or less i n d e p e n d e n t pos i t i on u n d e r a c h i e f o f its own, its
t e r r i t o r i e s e x t e n d i n g u p t h e main val l ey f r om a p o i n t ne a r Ch i g h a
Sar ai t o t h e vi c i ni t y of t h e n o r t h of t h e Bashgul . Hazr at A l i was
c h i e f o f Asmar a t t h e t i m e o f McNair' s v i s i t i n 1833, and was ki l l e d
i n 1886 by t h e a c i d e n t a l d i s c h a r g e o f h i s gun; h e was s u c c e e d e d i n
t h e c h i e f s h i p by h i s s o n Tahmasp Khan. The l a t t e r was mur de r e d by
h i s Kafi r s e r v a n t i n 1890, whe r e upon s e v e r a l p a r t i e s , i nc l udi ng Umar
Khan and Sa f d a r Khan, i mmedi at el y t r i e d t o gai n p o s s e s s i o n o f t h e
vacant Khanshi p. In t h e s p r i n g of 1891 Tahmasp Khan' s i n f a n t s o n
was expel l ed from t h e count r y by Umra Khan, and t h e latter appoi nt ed
Ghulam Khan, t h e l a t e c h i e f ' s ha l f - br ot he r , Khan in h i s s t e a d .
Th e s e e v e n t s were f ol l owe d e a r l y i n 1892 by t h e d e s p a t c h t o wa r d s
Asmar of a l a r g e Af ghan f o r c e u n d e r Ghulam Hai dar Khan, and on t h e
1 8 t h o f March t h a t pl a c e was oc c upi e d by t h e Af gha n Tr oops , Umar
Khan' s nomi nee f l e e i n g t o wa r d s Chi t r al . Th i s c h a n g e i n t h e a s p e c t
o f a f f a i r s was t h e c a u s e of much c o r r e s p o n e n c e b e t we e n t h e Go-
ver nment of I ndi a, t h e Ami r , and Umra Khan, b u t by t h e Kabul Agr ee-
ment , 1893, t h e A mi r was al l owed t o r e t a i n p o s s e s s i o n o f Asmar --
much t o Umra Khan's di sappoi nt ment and annoyance.
McNair e s t i ma t e d t h e popul a t i on of t h e d i s t r i c t a t 5, 000 Tar kal ani s.
ice, whe a t , bar l ey, and maize a r e t h e pr i nc i pa l p r o d u c t s o f t h e
s oi l , and s u f f i c e f o r t h e wa nt s o f t h e popul at i on. I r on, b u t t e r ,
s k i n , wool, t i mber , wal nut s, and hone y f or m t h e c h i e f e x p o r t s , whi l e
manuf act ur ed f a br i c s , i n d i g o and salt a r e i mpor t e d. (McNair, Col d-
s t r e a m, I.B.C.)
ASMATULLAH KHAN irk &I
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge 1 3 miles n o r t h we s t f r om Jal al abad by t h e Darun-
ta p a s s , on t h e r i g h t bnak o f t h e Kabul r i ve r . Th e r e is only a
nar r ow s t r i p of c ul t i va t i on r ound t h e f o r t , e x t e n d i n g bet ween the
r oa d a nd t h e r i ve r . From Kala Asmat ul l a Khan t o Khai ro Khel is
a b o u t 1 0 miles up- st r eam. - ( Hol di c h, Thompson. )
ASPAN *I
34-19 69-55. A s u b d i v i s i o n o f t h e Khugi ani s e c t i o n of t h e Jalala-
bad d i s t r i c t . I t is s i t u a t e d on t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e Surkhab
r i ve r , t o t h e e a s t o f Hi sar ak and we s t of Gandamak. Inhabitants:
Khugi ani s . ( J enkyns . )
ASPAN O r ASHPAN ir;l I
34-19 69-55 m. Th e p r i n c i p a l p l a c e i n t h e Aspan di vi s i on of t he
Khugi ani s e c t i o n o f t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t . I t s t a n d s about 21
m i l e s t o t h e s o u t h o f Su r k h p u l . Th e i n h a b i t a n t s a r e She r z a d Khugia-
ni s. F o d d e r f o r 8, 000 ani mal s f o r o n e d a y and a b o u t 600 maunds of
ungr ound gr a i n a nd a f a i r l y l a r g e q u a n t i t y o f g h i may be col l ect ed
i n t h e vi l l a ge and ne i g hbour hood. Fu e l a nd gr a z i ng a r e pl ent i f ul
a nd t h e r e is good g r o u n d f o r encampment . Here i n 1801 Shah Shuja
r e c e i v e d a s e v e r e d e f e a t f r om Sha h Mahmud, a nd was obl i ge d t o flee
from t h e kingdom. (Thorton, J enkyns , Johnst on. )
ASPANDO KATS g ,+-I
34-13 69-43 A. A v i l l a g e b e t we e n t h e Lakar ai Kot al and Hisarak,
a b o u t 1 3 miles f r om t h e f or me r a nd t h e same d i s t a n c e from t h e lat-
ter. I t s t a n d s a b o u t 2 1/2 m i l e s d i s t a n c e f r om t h e t o p of t h e Hazro
Kot al on t h e Hi sar ak s i d e . I t is 3 1 miles f r om A l i Khel and con-
t a i n s 1 0 h o u s e s . I nha bi t a nt s . Akbar Khel Ghi l z a i s . Camping ground
wi t h wa t e r and wood. Th e vi l l a ge is i n Azr u d i s t r i c t . (Gordon.)
ASTANA
L;L T
35-21 69-34 m. A v i l l a g e i n t h e u p p e r Pa n j s h i r val l ey, containing
80 h o u s e s o f Taj i ks . ( Sha hz a da Taimus.) Th e vi l l a ge is about 10
m i l e s o f Rakha on t h e Pa nj s hi r r i ve r . (LWA)
ASTANAZA I
A s e c t i o n of t h e Gh i l z a i s .
AT A
A Subs e c t i on of t h e Besuds.
ATA
A s e c t i o n o f t h e J a ghur i Hazar as .
ATAK OR HOTAK
&p
33-1 67-59 m.
A l a r g e f o r t i f i e d vi l l a ge i n Jamr ud, 46 miles south-
s o u t h we s t of Ghazni , a nd 2 5 miles n o r t h we s t of l a k e ~b - i - ~s t a d a *
S u p p l i e s are n o t v e r y a bunda nt . Wat er f r om a n i r r i ga t i on channel.
Atak and t h e ha ml e t s be l ongi ng t o it a r e i n h a b i t e d by popa1zai
Dur ani s. ( Campbel l , I.B.c.)
ATAMBUR
An a l t e r n a t i v e name f o r t h e Al t i mur Kot al .
' ATAM KHEL &$
32-16 68-24 m.
A vi l l age on t h e Baghlang Mandah, nor t h of waZakhwa
and s o u t h e a s t o f J a ni khe l .
ATASHER
& r;\
35- 69-. A wi de r avi ne whi ch j oi ns t h e Kaoshan gl e n from t h e w e s t
a t a bout 8 miles s o u t h of t h e Kaoshan pas s . I t s mout h is pa s s e d on
t h e r oad l e a di ng from Ghor band, by Sher akai and t h e Kaoshan p a s s
i n t o Khi nj an a t about 4 miles nor t h of Sher akai .
( Mai t l and. )
ATLAK ( T ) &\
33- 68-. A v i l l a g e 28 m i l e s nor t he a s t of Ghazni. ( Thor t on. )
*AURAGA 8''
34-16 67-10 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Helmand i n
Bamian pr ovi nce.
AUZANGIANI
Probabl y t h e same a s Ao Zanjan.
* AWAK
34-14 67-10 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Helmand i n
Bamian pr ovi nce.
AZARAI &'
34- 69-. A val l ey r unni ng i n a nor t he r n di r e c t i on from t h e Sulaiman
r a nge t owa r ds t h e Hisarak vi l l ages . A t its head is t h e p a s s of t h e
same name. ( St ewar t . )
AZHARBAI See DUNGUL A;\
AZHDA r ~j !
A r oc k i n t h e val l ey of t h e head wa t e r s of t h e Logar r i ve r , Hazar-
j a t .
AZHDAR OR HASHTDAR ,b d;l
Elev. about 10, 250 f e e t . A vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d on a
t r i but a r y of t h e Dara-i-Julga, a t 34-9 67-50 m. (LWA)
AZIZ
A s ubdi vi s i on of t he Daya Faul ada.
*AZRO ~ j '
34-9 69-38 m. Azro is t h e name of a wol eswal i i n t h e Logar pr ov-
i nce. The wol eswal i c ompr i s e s and ar ea of 770 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s and
ha s an a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on whi ch ha s been var i ousl y e s t i ma t e d a t
from 8, 630 t o 9,510. The wol eswal i is bounded i n t h e s o u t h we s t by
Khoshi, in t h e nor t hwest by Mohamamad Agha, in t h e nort h by Hesarak,
i n t h e e a s t by Shi r zad, and i n t h e s o u t h by Jaji. Azro h a s some 32
vi l l ages , of whi ch about f our have more t ha n 500 i nha bi t a nt s . The
v i l l a g e s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f o l l o ws : Gumran, Tor a h Pana,
Qassem Khel, Zaman Khel, Abdul Rahman Khel, Albak Khel, Qarya-i-
Babar, Salim Khel, Qarya-i-A kbar Khel, Ganda w, Khar ot i , A mr u t , Qa-
rya-i-Jani Khel, Tang, Nughl ak, Mangal, Arab Khel, Paja Larah, Fat eh
Khel, Shahi n, Osman Khel, Baghak, Musa Khan, Chot ra-i -Sufl a, Chot r a-
i- Ulya, Mullayan, Al l ahdi n, I s pa ndo Kats, Kats W a l , Ser kai , Reza
Kh el, and Qarya-i-Zarand.
BABA
A s e c t i on of t he J aghur i Hazaras payi ng revenue t o Ghazni.
4L
BABAKA
A s ubs ect i on of t he Besuds.
BABAKAR
35-7 68-18 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed some 30 miles s out h of Ghazni.
BABAKAR KHEL KALA
32- 68-. A hal t i ng- pl ace on t h e G u ma l r out e t o Ghazni, 64 mi l e s
above Domandi. Ther e is a f o r t he r e whi ch is gar r i soned by a small
guard of khasadars while t he Powindah kafi l as are moving up and down
i n s pr i ng and autumn; a t o t h e r t i m e s t h e pl ace is uninhabited,
Campi ng-grounds f o r a t l e a s t t wo br i gades , and pos s i bl y more, could
be f ound al ong t h e bed of t h e Gumal, above t h e site of an old tower.
Above t h e camping-ground is a graveyard overlooking which is another
ol d t ower on t h e s p u r of a hi l l . The campi ng-ground is surrounded
by hi l l s on a l l s i de s , t h e h i g h e s t bei ng on t h e s out h and west.
Camel-grazing abundant ; wat er pl e nt i f ul and good. The main stream
of t h e Gumal rises her e, s ever al s p r i n g s uni t i ng c l os e t o t he fort.
Thi s pl ace was f or mer l y known a s Kala Kharoti. (I.B.C.) A place
cal l ed Babu Khel is i n t h i s area, about 16 m i l e s s out heas t of Mir
Rasul Khan, Katawaz, a t 32-37 68-52 m. (LWA)
BABA KHEL & 4
35-48 69-51 m. A vi l l age e a s t of Char i kar , whi ch, t oget her with
Mian Shakh, cont ai ns 300 Tajik hous es . ( Shahzada Taimus.) A place
cal l ed Deh-i-Babi is l ocat ed a t 35-1 69-18 m. ( LWA)
BABA KUSH KAR Or BABA QASHKHAR
(>b ) >bLi +&
34-40 69-21 m. A l a r ge vi l l age in t h e Koh Daman, Lying t o the
nor t h of Sher pur , from whi ch it is di s t a nt , by Khwaja Chas ht and the
Zimma pas s , about 32 m i l e s ; by t h e Khi r skhana pa s s and Kala-i-Murad
Beg, about 22 miles.
The vi l l age s t a n d s in t h e mi ds t of t hi c k pl ant at i ons, most of it on
t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Shakar dar a st ream, but a por t i on of it on the
l e f t . The i nhabi t ant s a r e Taj i ks, Sai yi ds, Ut khel (Only 10 houses of
t h i s t r i be) ; and Hi ndus (50 hous es ) .
Maitland' s di ar y of Oct ober 1886, cont ai ns t h e fol l owi ng: " At 14
1/4 miles, (from Zi arat -i -Shahi d), Baba Kushkar, t h e f o r t of Mir
Bacha, de s t r oye d by a det achment from She r pur in t h e l a s t week of
1879. I t di d not s t r i k e m e a s l ooki ng ver y much t h e worse. 1
bel i eve t h e i nt er i or was bur nt , but no par t i cul ar damage done t o the
walls. W e pas s ed al ong one s i d e of it. Road conf i ned, and continued
t o be more or less a narrow l ane t o 15 miles, when t h e Baba Kushkar
N a b was c r os s e d j us t above its j unct i on wi t h anot her , which I was
t ol d was t h e Si ah Ab." (I.B.C., A.B.C.)
BABALI 2 41
Another name f or t he Khatai Hazaras. See @@Bamian."
*BABAL I
$41
35-16 69-41 m. A v i l l a g e and a p a s s i n Par wan, a bout 20 miles
nor t he a s t of Rakha, Panj shi r. Anot her vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is
e a s t of Chari kar, a t 35-3 69-20 m.
BABAR f l
34-10 69-38 m. A vi l l age of Babar Ghi l zai s bet ween t h e Shutur
Gardan pa s s and Kushi, about 8 miles from t h e former. I t l i es in a
s m a l l pl ai n, about a m i l e in wi dt h, whi ch is used a s an encamping
gr ound by caravans, and t h e r e is room t o encamp t wo or t hr ee regi-
ment s-
The adj acent hi l l s a r e open and eas y
of acces s , but t here
is no gr azi ng f o r camels. Water and a f e n s uppl i e s a r e
(Hamilton.)
BABAR
A s e c t i on of t h e Shai kh A l i Hazaras.
fib
BABAR BADSHAH
4 L 4 ,&
34- 69-. The tomb of t h e King Babar, near Kabul. The tomb of t h e
g r e a t monarch is accompani ed by many monument s of si mi l ar na t ur e
commemorative of r e l a t i ve s , and t h e y a r e s ur r ounde d by an e nc l os ur e
of whi t e marble, c ur i ous l y and e l e ga nt l y car ved. A f ew ' ar ghawan'
t r e e s , in t h e ear l y s p r i n g put t i ng f o r t h t h e i r s p l e n d i d r e d bl os-
soms, f l o u r i s h a s it were, ne gl i ge nt l y a out t h e s t r uc t ur e . Behi nd,
or west of t h e t ombs, is a handsome masj i d, a l s o marble, over whi ch
is al ong Per si an i ns c r i pt i on, r e c or di ng t h e c a us e and d a t e of its
er ect i on. The l a t t e r was s u b s e q u e n t t o t h e d e c e a s e of Babar.
Again, behi nd t h e mosque, is t h e l a r g e and vener abl e gr ove whi ch
c o n s t i t u t e s t h e gl or y of t h e l ocal i t y. The gr ound is l ai d o u t i n a
s uc c e s s i on of t e r r a c e s , e l e va t e d t h e one above t h e o t h e r , and con-
c onne c t e d i n t h e c e n t r e by f l i g h t s of a s c e ndi ng s t e p s . A t e a c h
f l i g h t of s t e p s is a p l o t of pl ane- t r ees , and t o t h e l e f t of t h e
s u p e r i o r f l i g h t is a ver y magni f i cent gr oup of t h e same t r e e s ,
s ur r oundi ng a s t h e y ove r s ha dow, a t ank or r e s e r voi r of wat er . The
pr i nc i pa l r oad l e a d s from west t o e a s t , up t h e s t e p s , and had
f or mer l y on e i t h e r s i d e l i n e s of c y p r e s s trees, and a f ew of whi ch
onl y remain. Canal s of wat er , de r i ve d from t h e u p p e r t ank, were
c onduc t e d par al l el t o t h e c o u r s e of t h e r oad, t h e wat er f al l i ng i n
c a s c a de s over t h e d e s c e n t s of t h e s e ve r a l t e r r a c e s . Thi s t a nk is
f i l l e d by a canal , not ed by Babar hi msel f .
" I t s s i t ua t i on is l i k e wi s e admi rabl e, bei ng wi t hout t h e c i t y, y e t
conveni ent l y near. Pa r t i e s from t h e we s t e r n por t i on of t h e c i t y
p a s s t h r o u g h t h e Deh Mazang g o r g e t o it. From t h e e a s t e r n por t i on
and t h e Bala Hisar, it may more s p e e d i l y r e a c he d by c r o s s i n g t h e
She r Darwaza hill." In 1879 t h e tomb was f ound by t h e Br i t i s h i n a
s t a t e of g r e a t di l api dat i on. -(Masson, I.B.C.)
*BABASAN J-64
33-43 68-13 m. A vi l l age on t h e Dara-i-Yusuf, s o u t h we s t of Wardak.
BABRAK KALA ~ J E
33- 69-. A vi l l age i n Khost , on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Shami l r i ve r ,
about 24 miles west of Matun. (I.B.C.) Recent maps s how t h e name
Barak Kalai in Shawak al aqadar i , a t 33-24 69-23 m. ( LWA)
BABU KHEL &#A
A s ubdi vi s i on of t h e Chakmani s. A vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is a bout 8
miles s o u t h we s t of Jani Khel, i n Katawaz, Ghazni , a t 32-43 68-20 G.
Ot her pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name a r e l oc a t e d a t 32-37 68-52 m. and 32-47
68-58 m. ( LWA)
BABULI ( not BABALI) &'I
A s ubdi vi s i on of t h e Dai khi t ai Hazaras. I t is s t a t e d by some t h a t
t h e y a r e n o t Ur uzgani b u t Dai kundi . A vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is on
t h e Darazqul st r eam, near Panjao, a t 34-22 67-5 m.
*BBBUR fib
34-42 70-57 M. A vi l l age on t h e Kunar r i ver , about 2 miles nor t h-
e a s t of Chawkai. Also a vi l l age of t h e Dara-i-Yusuf, w e s t of Ghazni
and one m i l e s out h of Ghol i Talab, a t 33-35 68-2 m.
*BABURB I SH & &fib
35-28 71-32 m. A vi l l age on t h e Majam st r eam, a t r i but a r y of t h e
Kunar, nor t h of Bar i kot .
BABUS W R ~
35- 69-. A s m a l l kot a l c r o s s e d by t h e r oad be t we e n Dasht-i-Rewat
and t h e Khawak pa s s . (I.B.C.)
BABUS vd?
34-4 68- 59 m. A v i l l a g e i n t h e Lo g a r v a l l e y , 1 2 miles sout h-
west of Zargan Shahar . It is i nha bi t e d b y Pai nda Khel Ghi l zai s, and
c ont a i ns t wo f o r t s . In 1880 t h e popul a t i on amount ed t o 120 fami-
lies. From Babus t o Shai khabad by t h e Adam p a s s is 21 miles. (Clif-
f o r d , Euan Smi t h, Hervey. ) Re c e nt maps s how a n o t h e r Babus nearby,
a t 34-5 69-1 m. (LWA)
BACHA GHULAM rx Le,
A s e c t i o n of t h e Dai Zangi Hazaras, i nha bi t i ng t h e val l eys of Sar-i-
J angal , Lal, Kirman, Tal khak, Aghazi r at , Tar bul ak, Ta kht and Waras.
( Pe a r t . )
BACHA SHAD1
~ J L : e?
A s e c t i o n of Hazar as l i v i n g i n t h e Turkoman Dara. (Peacocke. )
* BADAI
3+
33-31 70-1 m. A vi l l a ge l o c a t e d near Bak i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
BADAL KALAI
33-26 69-48 m. A v i l l a g e some t e n miles nor t hwest of Khost.
JJ*
BADAM ALI & r ' ~ 6
34-58 69-23 m. A vi l l a ge i n t h e u p p e r Pa nj s hi r gl e n, cont ai ni ng 30
h o u s e s of Ghi l zai s. I t is s i t u a t e d j u s t bel ow Aruki. (Shahzada
Ta imus . )
*BADAMQUL & $J&
34-28 68-52 m. A vi l l a ge near ~ r g h a n d a i , a bout 3 miles from the
r oad f r om Ghazni t o Kabul.
BADAMUK A! J&
35-38 71-20 m. Elev. 6, 140 f e e t . A Katir vi l l a ge of 120 houses On
t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Ba s hgul r i ve r , 3 m i l e s s o u t h of ~ragamat al
( Lut deh. ) . I t is bui l t i n t h e obl ong f o r t s h a p e a ga i ns t a rocky
s l o p e , on a s h o u l d e r of whi c h t h e r e is a t owe r . Below t ha t , there
a r e t wo or t h r e e o t h e r t o we r s ove r f o u r s t o r i e s h i g h . The houses are
a l l t wo or t h r e e s t o r i e s h i g h , and s o bui l t a s t o form a continuous
w a l l 1 5 o r 20 f e e t h i g h . ( Rober t son. )
*BADAR J 4
33-1 67-57 m. A v i l l a g e on t h e highway from Ghazni t o Kabul.
*BADARKHEL
JP- J*
34-11 70-21 m. A vi l l a ge on a t r i but a r y o f t h e Kabul r i ver , about
1 5 m i l e s s o u t h of Jal al abad.
BADAS I A
L-1 J&
A f a n- s ha pe d pl ai n i n t h e Besud Hazara count r y. (Wanl i ss, ~obbs *)
One vilLage wi t h t h i s name is a bout 7 m m i l e s s o u t h we s t of ~ o d a l ~ r
Be hs ud, ~ a i Zangi , a t 34-22 68-34 G. (LWA)
BADAWAN dl, ~4
Anot he r name f o r Ahmad Diwana. A villaae ~~d~~~ is located
some 1 0 miles s o u t h of Ghazni , a t 33-23 -68-29 m. (LWA)
BAD I ABAD
d+
34-44 70-16 G. A vi l l age in t h e Laghman d i s t r i c t , on t h e r i g h t bank
of t h e Alingar r i ver , about 10 m i l e s above t h e j unct i on of t h a t
r i ver wi t h t h e Al i shang. I t c o n s i s t s of t h e f ol l owi ng haml et s:
1. Deh-i-Mulla Nazar 3. Banda-i-Mian Sahi b
2. Banda-i-Aba Khel 4. Kala-i-Muhammad A l i
5. Kala-i-Niaz Muhamad
The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Aroki s.
Lady Sal e s a ys it is s i t ua t e d al most a t t h e t o p of t h e val l ey, and
c l o s e t o t h e f i r s t r ange of hi l l s t owa r ds Nuri st an. I t is s quar e,
each f a c e about 80 ya r ds l ong, wi t h w a l l s 25 f e e t hi gh, and a
f l anki ng t ower in each cor ner . I t is f u r t h e r d e f e n d e d by a f a u s s e
br ai e and d e e p d i t c h all r ound, t h e f r o n t g a t e bei ng on t h e s out h-
w e s t f ace, and t h e pos t e r i or on t h e nor t he a s t , each d e f e n d e d by a
t ower of bast i on. The w a l l s of mud a r e not ver y t h i c k and a r e bui l t
up wi t h pl anks in tiers on t h e i ns i de. In t h e c e n t r e is a l a r g e
s qua r e s pace, wher e is bui l t , s ur r ounded by a h i g h w a l l , a hous e,
each wing of which contains t hr ee apartments 8 f e e t from t h e ground.
Ther e is no s u p p l y of wat er in t h e f o r t , but a s m a l l r i ver r u n s p a s t
it a t t h e di s t a nc e of 1/2 m i l e on t h e s o u t h e a s t s i d e , and a little
st ream or canal about 100 ya r ds o u t s i d e t h e walls. I t was h e r e t h a t
Muhammad Akbar conf i ned t h e Br i t i s h c a p t i v e s who had been s ur r en-
de r e d dur i ng t h e r e t r e a t t o Jalalabad of t h e Kabul gar r i s on; t h e y
wer e 119 women, 37 men, and 1 5 c hi l dr e n, and were k e p t h e r e from
17t h January t o 1 0 t h Apri l 1842, bei ng f ai r l y t r e a t e d. (Eyre, Sal e,
Warbur t on. )
BADPAKHT Or BADPASH
34-38 69-50 A. A r ange of hi l l s on t h e wes t er n l i m i t s of Laghman.
They a r e an o f f s h o o t of t h e g r e a t Char di r ange. (Hol di ch. )
The road t o t h e Badpakht p a s s br anches o f f d u e west s h o r t l y a f t e r
l eavi ng Mandrawar; it is ver y good a s f ar a s t h e f o o t of t h e kot al ,
and pr act i cabl e f o r all arms e x c e p t wheel ed ar t i l er y. The kot al
i t s e l f is f i t f o r pa c k ani mal s , and is c o n s t a n t l y t r a v e r s e d by
kaf i l as from Nijrao t o Jal al abad. The d e s c e n t w e s t is t o Nagulu on
t h e Kabul r i ver . From Mandrawar t o Nagulu t h e di s t a nc e is 31 m i l e s .
I B C Ther e is a pa s s wi t h t h i s name e a s t of Sarobi. ( LWA)
BADPASH & 4
34-38 69-53 m. A s p o t in t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t , on t h e road
bet ween Bairik and Laghman, remarkabl e f o r t h e s t r e n g t h of t h e wind
whi ch al ways bl ows t he r e . On one occasi on it is s ai d t h a t Muhammad
Akbar pas s i ng t h i s pl ace wi t h h i s t r o o p s was c a u g h t in a t e mpe s t ,
and t h e y were nearl y all blown away. Some pe r i s he d wi t h t h e i r hor-
s es . Thi s s p o t is al s o cal l ed Shai t an Gum. Vi de "Bad pakht . " (Mas-
son.) Recent maps s how t h e name Badpash Kuza Kalam. West of it is
Gharbi Badpash, a t 34-38 69-50 m. ( LWA)
*BADQOL & 26
34-10 68-36 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed on t h e st r eam of t h e same name,
north west of t h e G hazni-Kabul road.
*BADRAZAR ~ ' j ' , +
33-13 67-21 m. A vi l l age on a t r i but ar y of t h e Arghandab, nor t h-
w e s t of Jag huri .
BADSHAHI KALA
dSL&I:
34- 69-. A f o r t in t h e Aspan s ubdi vi s i on of t h e Jalalabad di s -
t r i c t , a bout 6 m i l e s w e s t of Gandamak, on t h e r oad t o Aspan village,
The r oad s k i r t s t h e s o u t h we s t e r n ba s t i on of t h e f o r t . (McNair.) One
pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is 2 m i l e s n o r t h e a s t of Shi wa, Kunar, a t 34-36
70-37 G. (LWA)
*BADURZA I $ 1 ; ~
33-2 67-33 m. A vi l l a ge l o c a t e d on a t r i b u t a r y of t h e Arghandab,
s o u t h e a s t of J a ghur i .
BAGALAK KALA di&
A r ui ne d vi l l a ge i n t h e Si ah Dara val l ey, on t h e main Kabul - ~azar ~-
jat-Daulat Y ar r oad.
BAGALGROM +fi
35- 71-. A Madugal vi l l a ge i n Nur i st an, c o n s i s t i n g of 150 houses
and s i t u a t e d on r i g h t bank of t h e Ba s hgul r i ver . I t is t h e head-
q u a r t e r s of t h e Madugal o r Human t r i b e , and h a s cul t i vat i on on both
ba nks of t h e st r eam. ( Rober t son. )
* BAGH &&
35-1 70-50 m. A vi l l a ge l o c a t e d on a p a s s be t we e n t h e Pich and
Waigal r i v e r s ,
some 6 m i l e s n o r t h we s t o f Nangalam. Ot he r pl aces wi t h
t h i s name are l oc a t e d on a mount ai n, s ome 5 miles e a s t of t h e Kunar
r i ve r , a t 34-40 71-2 m., and s ome 1 5 miles s o u t h o f Kabul and east
o f t h e Logar , a t 34-18 69-16 m.
BAGHAK
&&
35-11 67-58 m. A vi l l a ge i n Bamian, s i t u a t e d i n t h e Ao Dara, 6
m i l e s above Doab-i-Me k hzar i . Th e i n h a b i t a n t s a r e Taj i ks, who culti-
v a t e t h e Kaf t ar Khana and Uppe r Zar sang val l eys. When Peacocke
v i s i t e d it i n 1886, howe ve r , t h e y had e mi gr a t e d t o t h e Dara Yusuf on
a c c ount of t h e l o c u s t s . ( Peacocke. ) Ot h e r pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name are
l oc a t e d a t 34-17 68-5 m., 34-8 68-36 m., 33-54 68-36 m., and 33-51
68-33 G. (LWA)
BAGHALAK
J4
34-47 66-53 m. A r o c k y gl e n whi c h j oi ns t h e main val l ey of Yak
Walang from t h e n o r t h , 3 miles a bove Deh Sur k h. A well-marked road
l e a d s up t o t h e Bag hal ak vi l l age, whi ch is s a i d t o be di s t a nt about
6 miles from t h e mout h. About 8 m i l e s above t h e vi l l age, a t t h e head
o f t h e gl e n is t h e Baghal ak Kotal. The r oad l e a d s over t h i s and
t h e n c e by Sukal uk t o Walishan. From Baghal ak vi l l a ge t o Sukaluk is
a bout 16 m i l e s , t h e n c e t o Wal i shan a bout 33 o r 34 mi l e s . (~ai t l and. 1
BAGHAL-I-AFGHANI
p\
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Su r k h a b di vi s i on of t h e ~a l a l a ba d di s-
trict. I nha bi t a nt s G hi l zai s . ( Jenkyns. )
BAGHARAK
d,4
34- 6%.
A vi l l a ge i n t h e Koh Daman be t we e n Karabagh and Ak sarai
( or Agha Sar ai ) on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Kahdara st r eam.
There are
s ome 70 o r 80 h o u s e s of Taj i ks i n t h e pl ace. (I.B.C.)
A mountain
wi t h t h i s name is l o c a t e d s o u t h we e t of J a l da k, Qalat, a t 31-34
66-
23 G. (LWA)
IYLBIAR DARA dJ J jk
34-30 68-25.
A t r i but a r y of t h e u p p e r Kabul r i ve r whi ch, rising
near t h e Baghar Kotal nor t h of t h e Unai pa s s , f l o ws i n a southeast'
t er - l y d i r e c t i o n and j oi n8 t h e Kabul r i ve r a t sar-i-Chashma. (Man*
liss.)
BAGHAR DARA
A s m a l l t r i but a r y of t h e Helmand r i ver .
BAGHAR KOTAL J$ J L
34-29 68-23 G. Elev. a bout 11, 000 f e e t . A p a s s over t h e Sangl akh
r a nge a bout 4 m i l e s nor t h of t h e Unai pas s . I t is c r o s s e d by a r oad
whi ch l e a ve s t h e main Kabul-Herat r oad a t Sar-i-Chashma and, f ol l ow-
i ng t h e Baghar Dara up t o t h e crest, d e s c e n d s on t h e we s t e r n s i d e by
t h e Rama Tala t agao t o its j unct i on wi t h t h e Helmand. From t h i s
poi nt , Jaokul , whe r e t h e main road is r e j oi ne d, is d i s t a n t a bout 5
miles. Thi s road a f f o r d s a means of compl et el y t ur ni ng t h e Unai p a s s
pos i t i on, b u t i n its p r e s e n t (1906) c ondi t i on is d i f f i c u l t i n s e ve r -
a l pl a c e s f o r mount ed men. I t coul d, however , e a s i l y be made f i t
even f o r wheel ed ar t i l l er y. (Wanliss.) The p a s s is a bout 1 3 miles
e a s t of t h e Gardan Dival i n Behs ud. (LWA)
BAGHATAK
A name sometimes a ppl i e d t o t h e Si a h Koh r ange.
* BAGHDARA 4 ~ d $
34-54 69-31 m. A vi l l age on a hi l l , over l ooki ng t h e Panj s hi r r i ve r ,
sout h west of Nejrab.
BAGH-I-ALAM +b &&
34- 69-. A vi l l age i n Kohi st an, in t h e t owns hi p of Khawaja Khi dr ,
28 m i l e s from Kabul and 95 from Faraj ghan. I nha bi t a nt s Taj i ks and
Musazai Af ghans. In 1882 t h e r e were s a i d t o be 9 f o r t s and 400
hous es . The r e a r e a l s o sai d t o be 20 Hindu f ami l i es r e s i d e n t a t
Bagh-i-Alam. ( Leech, I.B.C.) The r e is a l s o a d a s h t wi t h t h i s name,
nor t h of Qarabagh, Parwan, a t 34-52 69-9 G. ( LWA)
BAGH-I-ALAMGANJ $ + i 6
34- 69-. A l a r g e ga r de n i n t h e nei ghbour hood of Kabul, on t h e l e f t
bank of t h e r i ver , o p p o s i t e Chandawal. I t is a ve ge t a bl e ga r de n, and
c ont a i ns an i mme n s e ice p i t whi ch s u p p l i e s a g r e a t p a r t of t h e c i t y
in summer. (I.B.C.)
BAGH-I-AOGHAN oh\ t&
Thi s a p p e a r s t o be t h e name of a por t i on of t h e Ghor band val l ey,
commencing 3-3/4 m i l e s below t h e j unct i on of t h e Kaoshan Dara and
cont i nui ng 4 1/2 miles down t h e valley. About 5 1/2 mi l es bel ow t h e
mouth of t h e Kaoshan Dara, t h e r oad c r o s s e s from t h e r i g h t t o t h e
l e f t bank of t h e st r eam by a wooden br i dge , whi ch is t h u s d e s c r i b e d
by Peacocke i n Oct ober 1886:
"Thi s b r i d g e w i l l c a r r y f i e l d g u n s and Laden camel s. Road way 11 f e e t
wi de in cl ear be t we e n hand- r ai l s. Seven ci r cul ar r oad- bear er s , 10
i n c h e s di amet er , c ove r e d by 3-inch pl anki ng; s pa n 33 f e e t . Abut ment s
a r e of r ubbl e s t o n e c or be l l e d o u t 8 f e e t on each s i d e of t h e s pa n,
wi t h br us hwood and l ogs . Br i dge was bui l t l a s t year; is s ound, but
ver y s pr i ngl y. Comparat i vel y roomy a p p r o a c h e s on bot h banks. " The
Ghorband d i s t r i c t e n d s a t t h e br i dge . (Peacocke. )
BAGH I AR
JLL!
33-48 69-45 m. A s ubdi vi s i on of Chakmani s. The vi l l age is w e s t of
Chamkani. Recent maps show t h e spel l i ng Bagyar. (LWA)
BAGH-I-BALA yb &&
34- 69-. A l a r g e r oyal ga r de n i n t h e nei ghbour hood o f Kabul,
s i t ua t e d on t h e s l o p e s of a hi l l be t we e n Shah Mardan and Wazirabad.
In 1893 a f i n e s ubs t a nt i a l r e s i d e n c e was c o n s t r u c t e d on t h e t o p of
t h e hi l l , and i mmedi at el y i n f r o n t of it is a masonry t ank 5 feet
d e e p and t h i r t y y a r d s s qua r e . Here t h e l a t e ~ m i r , Abdur Rahman,
s u f f e r e d h i s last i l l n e s s and d i e d . ( Cl ar ke, Dobbs.)
BAGH-I-BEGAM & it
34-59 69-9. A f amous g a r d e n i n Kohi st an, be t we e n Char i kar and TOP
Dara. I t is f u l l of mul ber r y and a r gha wa n trees. In t h e spring
t h e r e is a g r e a t f a i r h e l d h e r e , whi c h l a s t s t e n days , and vast
h e r d s o f s h e e p a r e on t h a t oc c a s i on b r o u g h t f o r s a l e from Turkistan.
Th e r e is no vi l l age, and t h e b u i l d i n g s i n t h e ga r de n have fanen
i n t o decay. (I.B.C.)
BAGH-I-DALA See URETI JJ jl:
*BAGH-I-KHEL A (6
33-16 69-57 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d i n t h e val l ey o f t h e Shamal Khwar,
s ome 6 miles s o u t h e a s t o f Khost .
BAGH-I-LANGAR 9 e l
34-27 68-35. A vi l l a ge of 60 h o u s e s on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Kabul
r i ve r , a bout 4 1/4 m i l e s w e s t o f J a l r e z , The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Tajiks
and p o s s e s s a bout 80 he a d of c a t t l e and 100 s h e e p and goat s. The
annual pr oduc t i on of whe a t and bar l ey a v e r a g e s a bout 800 Indian
maunds. The main Kabul-Herat r oad h e r e c r o s s e s t h e Kabul r i ver by a
wooden br i dge of 20 f e e t span and 1 5 f e e t roadway. The whole valley
h e r e is f u l l of c ul t i va t i on, and t h e r e a r e many popl a r s and orchards
of a p r i c o t s , pl ums and a p p l e s . (I.B.C., Wanliss.)
BAGH-I-SULTAN du j6
34- 69-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e val l ey of t h e l owe r Logar, on t h e right
bank o f t h e r i ve r o p p o s i t e Mughal Khel. I nha bi t a nt s Taj i ks. I t is
c e l e b r a t e d f o r t h e e x c e l l e n c e of its f r u i t . ( Cl i f f or d, Euan Smith,
I .B.C.)
*BAGH-I-ZAGHAN
\;\. . &
u J &
34-50 69-12 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d e a s t of t h e Kabul-Charikar road,
a bout 10 m i l e s s o u t h of Char i kar .
*BAGHUCHAR ,b&
33-13 67-27 m. A vi l l a ge l o c a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e ~r gha nda bf
n o r t h of J a g hur i .
BAGHUCHARI & b 4
One of t h e main s e c t i o n s of t h e J a ghur i Hazar as.
BAGHUCHINA * , t'?
34- 69-. A vi l l a ge i n Hariob, 1 4 miles n o r t h e a s t of Al i Khel and fl
miles f r om t h e t o p of t h e Lakar ai pa s s , on t h e s o u t h e r n s i de.
(Col-
l et t . )
BAGHUNDAK
LJ Ad.!
34- 67-. Two f o r t s i n t h e Khawat gl e n, i n t h e Besud count r y.
BAGHUNDAK CHASMA d J&
34- 67-.
A g r a s s y hol l ow on t h e r oad f r om Fi r ozbahar t o ~ar ghanat u
i n Bamian. I t commences 8 m i l e s f r om Fi r ozbahar and, with the
e x c e p t i o n of a s h o r t s t o n y b i t a t f i r s t , is ve r y eas y,
descendi ng
g e n t l y be t we e n very l ow hi l l s . I t j oi ns t h e Kochi nak o r Kara haw^
h 0Uo w. (MaitLand .)
BAGHWANA
&
34- 69-. A l a r g e vi l l age i n t h e Cha r de h val l ey of Kabul, 5 m i l e s
s o u t h we s t of s he r pur . i nha bi t a nt s Taj i ks, whos e headman, Muhammad
Husain Khan, was hanged a t Kabul i n December 1879 f o r havi ng ope ne d
f i r e from h i s vi l l age on t h e r e t i r i ng g u n s and caval r y of t h e Bri-
t i s h on t h e 1 1 t h of t h a t month. Cl os e t o t h i s vi l l age, f o u r g u n s of
P.A., R.H.A. , had t o be abandoned on t h a t occasi on, b u t wer e res-
c ue d by t h e Chi e f of t h e St a f f , MacGregor, wi t h a h a n d f u l of o f f i -
cers and men, t h e same eveni ng.
The gr ound about t h e vi l l age is much c u t up by d i t c h e s , and t h e
popl ar trees al ong t h e i r s i d e s a dd t o t h e d i f i c u l t i e s of t h e p a s s a g e
o f ar t i l l er y. The r e were t h r e e f o r t s o u t s i d e of t h e vi l l age, but
t h e y were a l l d e s t r o y e d by Si r Fr e de r i c k Rober t s . (I.B.C.)
BAGHWANI &&
34-23 70-12 m. A vi l l age i n t h e Sur kha b di vi s i on of t h e Jal al abad
d i s t r i c t . I t is s i t ua t e d on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Sur kha b r i ve r ,
be t we e n Balabagh and Barina. I nhabi t ant s , Taj i ks. The vi l l age is
about 4 miles s o u t h we s t of Bawali. ( Jenkyns. )
*BAG1 &
35-0 70-30 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d some 10 m i l e s s o u t h of Kolatan i n
Laghrnan.
BAGI AR A
33-48 69-45 m. A vi l l age of 100 h o u s e s on t h e l e f t bank of t h e
Karaia, 1 5 m i l e s from Karl achi on t h e road t o Ghazni .
*BAG1 KHEL &+A
33-16 69-57 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d i n t h e val l ey of t h e Shamal Khwar,
some s i x miles s o u t h e a s t of Khost .
*BAGINA 4
33- 41 70-2 m . . A v i l l a g e n o r t h we s t of Mai dan- i - Jaj i i n e a s t e r n
Pak t i a pr ovi nce.
* BAGRAM
34-56 69-13. Bagram is a wol eswal i i n Parwan pr ovi nce. The wol eswa-
li c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 470 s q u a r e ki l omet er s and ha s an a gr i c ul t ur -
al popul at i on t h a t ha s been es t i mat ed by var i ous Af ghan s o u r c e s a t
from 21, 205 t o 24,526. The wol eswal i is bounded i n t h e w e s t by
Ghor band, i n t h e nor t h w e s t by Shi nwar , i n t h e nor t h by Char i kar and
Mahmud ~ a q i , i n t h e e a s t by Kohe Saf i , and i n t h e s o u t h by I s t a l i f
and Qara Bag h.
Bagram i nc l ude s about 58 vi l l a ge s , of whi ch 19 have more t ha n 500
i nhabi t ant s . The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows: Qala-i-
Malik ( ~a l a - i - Ma l i k Da u l a t s h a h i ) , Tu g h c h i , Aka Khel , J a nqa da m,
Qal an-der Khel, C hi nezai , Qar acha, Sayad, Shah kah, Qala-i-Nasro, Yoz
Bashi , Qala-i-Khwaja, Deh Meskin, Qala-i-Guli, Nau Deh, J a f a r Khel,
Yur chi , Durani, Khar ut i (Kariz-i-Saif u l l a h ) , Deh Hazar a, Tur kman,
Khanjer Khel, Sai ghani Niazi, Daulat Shahi , Qala-i-Nau Daulat Shahi ,
G hulam Al i , Nas Dara-i-Jala, Bad K h el (Bahad ur K hel ) , Qureg h c hi ,
Khanaqa, Nekah Khel, Niazi Gran-Shakh, Niazi Qala Buland, Char Qala-
i-Niazi, Augamati, Qalacha-i-Panjera, Rud Rabat, Chub Ba khs h ( Chub
Bakhsh Rabat), Jawaz Sang-i-Rabat, Qara Baghi Rabat, Mahigir, Lagh-
mani Kohna, Qala-i-Buland, Qol-i-Asyab, Bak h s h i Khel, Qala-i-Amiri,
Qala-i-Kot wa l i , Chai kal , Dasht Chai kal , Deh Mulla (Deh Mulla DauLat-
s ha hi ) , Sha hi Deh Mulla, Gujar Khel, Qala-i-Khan Baba, Su f i Baba,
Chur Char ak, Sai g hani , Qala-i-Mohammad Raf i q, Mayan Shak h, Baba
Khel, and Nazar Mohammad Khan.
BAG RAM rlJ.r
34-57 69-17 m. A pl ai n in Kohi st an, bet ween Char i kar and ~agh- i -
Alam, formi ng t h e gr azi ng- gr ound i n s pr i ng f o r f l o c k s and herds of
Sa f i s from Nijrao, and Ghi l zai s from Laghman. In summer it dries up
compl et el y and is d e s e r t e d .
I t was f or mer l y t h e site of a g reat
c i t y, t h e r ui ned walls of whi ch were f ound by Masson t o measure
above 60 f e e t i n br e a dt h, and t o have been bui l t of unburnt bricks
of unusual s i ze. Masson cons j . der s t h e c i t y of Bagramn as having
been t h e Al exandri a ad Caucasum of t h e Gr eeks , and t o have been
de s t r oye d by J angez, s i nc e t h e hi s t or i a ns of Timur make no mention
of it i n des cr i bi ng h i s march t hr ough t h e pl ai n of Bagram, from
whi ch it may be i nf e r r e d t h a t it t h e n no l onge r e xi s t e d.
Thi s opi ni on a s t o t h e l ocal i t y of Al exandri a ad Caucasum receives
some s u p p o r t from Pr of e s s or Wilson, but on t h e ot he r hand it may be
ur ged t h a t a s Bagram is s i t ua t e d nearl y o p p o s i t e t h e mouth of the
Kaoshan pa s s (Bagram is under s t ood t o be some 10 miles eas t of the
mouth of t h e Kaoshan gl en, somewher e near t h e conf l uence of the
G horband-Pan j s hi r st reams. ) and a s Arrian r e l a t e s t h a t Alexander
c r os s e d t h e Caucasus i n s pr i ng, h e must have t aken t h e route by
Bamian, whi ch is open a l l t h e year round: and as , accor di ng t o the
same aut hor i t y, h i s march br ought him t o Al exandri a ad Caucasum, we
must a s s i gn Bamian a s its l ocal i t y. Accordi ngl y w e fi nd Ritter,
Rennel l , Vigne, Gossel i n and Burnes of opi ni on t h a t Bamian was the
Al exandri a ad Caucasum. With r e f e r e nc e t o t h i s cont r over sy, it is
not unwor t hy of remark t h a t no t r a c e s have been di s cover ed of Gre-
ci an a r c hi t e c t ur e i n t h e mud-built r ui ns of Bagram. The st ruct ures
of Ghul ghul ah and Sai yi dabad have a t l e a s t been more lasting."
I.B.C. Recent maps show t h e name Dasht-i-Bagram. ( LWA)
BAGRAMI
34-29 69-16 m. Bagrami is t h e name of a vi l l age and a woleswali in
Kabul pr ovi nce. The wol eswal i compr i s es an ar ea of 224 square
k i l o me t e r s and h a s an a g r i c u l t u r a l popul a t i on whi ch has been
var i ousl y es t i mat ed a t from 12,502 t o 15,820. The woleswali is
s o u t h e a s t of t h e Ci t y of Kabul.
Bagrami wol eswal i i ncl udes some 21 vi l l ages , of whi ch about 13 have
more t han 500 i nhabi t ant s. The vi l l ages a r e l i s t e d in t h e PG a9
f 0110 w s: Husai n Kh el, Kamari, ~ala-i- Adam k han, Kareza, ~a l a - i -
Rabaz, Shi na, Bagrami, Nauabad, Qala-i-Hasan Khan Suf la, ~ot kha kt
Qala-i-Shanan, Shahak, Nauburja, Qala-i-Ahmak d han, ~ala-i-Hasan Khan
Ulya, Deh Yaqub, Niazi, Mamozai, Shewaki , Alo Khel, and welayatis
( LWA
In 1915, t h e vi l l age of Bagrami was de s c r i be d a s l ol l ows: a village
half-way bet ween Kabul and But khak, on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Logar
r i ver , a qua r t e r of a m i l e above t h e masonry br i dge. Gough encamped
near t hi s place on t h e 23rd December 1879 when marching t o reinforce
Si r Fr eder i ck Rober t s a t Sher pur . (I.B.C.)
BAGRAMI &\A
34-5 70-13 G. A vi l l age in t h e Sur khab di vi s i on of t h e ~alalabad
di s t r i c t . I nhabi t ant s Taj i ks and Deh gans. (Jen kyns.)
BAGRAM I
35- 6%-
A vi l l age in Char i kar , on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e ~hor band
ri ver.
I t cont ai ns 30 hous e s of Saf i Af ghans ,
and is about 4 miles
from Chari kar.
I t s t a n d s on t h e bare pl ai n of t h e ~a s ht - i - ~a gr a m~.
(Shahzada Taimus.)
BAWANA See BAGHWANA
BAHAR-I-BALA O r BAHAR-I-PAYAN YC ~4. 1
34-17 70-12. Two vi l l a ge s 8 m i l e s w e s t of Chapr i ar , cont ai ni ng
800 h o u s e s i nha bi t e d by Khungi ani s. Water p l e n t i f u l t h r o u g h o u t t h e
year. Fodde r f o r a bout 6,000 ani mal s f o r one day and a bout 1, 000
maunds of ungr ound gr ai n may be c ol l e c t e d from t h e s e vi l l a ge s and
t h e i r nei ghbour hood. Feu1 is abundant . Ghi i n s m a l l q u a n t i t i e s is
avai l abl e and t h e r e is good gr azi ng gr ound f o r camel s and t r a n s p o r t
animals. ( Johnst on. )
BAHARAK d ~ h -
34-55 66-37. A s ubdi vi s i on of Yak Walang--see "Bamian ( d i s t r i c t ) ."
The r e a r e t wo haml et s of Baharak, about a m i l e a pa r t , on t h e l e f t
bank of t h e Band-i-Amir r i ve r , o p p o s i t e Ghor band. The u p p e r one is
8 miles below Marghi. They a r e bot h s i t ua t e d a t t h e mout hs of l a r g e
r avi nes. Baharak and t h e Ghorband t o g e t h e r cont ai n a bout 50 fami-
lies, 30 of whom a r e l and- owner s. The road up t h e val l ey h e r e is
p r e t t y good. The r e is no room t o encamp a nywhe r e about . The
s a i yi ds of Baharak a r e ha r dl y di s t i ngui s ha bl e from t h e Hazaras, and
l i v e i n ver y much t h e same way. (Maitland.)
BAHAR ROBAT &L. ~ b ,
34-21 67-54. A vi l l age on t h e bank of t h e Kabul r i ve r , 1 m i l e from
Besud. t h e r e is a f e r r y a c r o s s t h e r i ve r a t t h i s poi nt , and t h e
i nha bi t a nt s wash f o r gol d i n its st r eam. (Masson.)
*BAHAUDDIN ad' Jh-
32-47 67-44 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d about 4 miles s o u t h we s t of Mukur
on t h e hi ghway t o Qalat.
BAHI
33-43 67-43 A. A pl a c e i n Nawar.
BAHRABAD 9bT ,
34- 70-. A vi l l age i n t h e Besud di vi s i on of t h e Jal al abad di s -
t r i c t . I t is s i t u a t e d on t h e l e f t bank o f t h e Kabul r i v e r , j u s t
above Kasimabad, and t h e i nha bi t a nt s a r e Ri kas. ( Jenkyns. )
BAHRAM
A s e c t i on of t he Muhammads Khwaja Hazaras.
BAHRAM KHAN "L r'm
34- 70-. A f o r t in Laghman, about 2 m i l e s from t h e nor t he r n f o o t
of t h e Darunta pa s s . I t lies a little t o t h e nor t h of t h e vi l l a ge
of Fat ehabad, and boa s t s of a s m a l l ga r de n of s y p r e s s e s and palms.
(Hol di ch. ) A vi l l age cal l ed Bahram Khan Kalai is a bout 2 miles west
of Qari a Loe, a t 34-12 71-2 G. (LWA)
BAHRAM KHEL ~b t'm
A vi l l age in t h e J aj i c ount r y on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Karaja r i ve r ,
beyond Zabar dast Kala. (Lumsden.) One vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is
about 6 mi l e s nor t hwest of Shinwar, a t 34-6 70-41 G. (LWA)
BAIAN
A subsect i on of t h e Besuds.
"CC
BAIAN okb
35-3 69-9 M. About 3 miles n o r t h e a s t of Char i kar is t h e t o wn s h i p of
Baian, cont ai ni ng t h e f 0110 wing vi l l a ge s : Baian-i- Mali k, Baian-i-
Mughal, Deh Mulla Yusuf Abadi, and Felaji. All t o g e t h e r t h e r e a r e
366 hous e s of Taj i ks. About a m i l e t o t h e l e f t , on o r near t h e
r i g h t bank of t h e Ghor band r i ve r , is a vi l l a ge cal l ed Toghbi di , ~t
c o n t a i n s 60 h o u s e s of Af gha ns and Ta j i ks mi xed. The r e is t h e usual
a bunda nc e of f r u i t trees, etc., and t h e whol e c ount r y is cultivated
t o t h e daman of t h e we s t e r n h i l l s (Koh-i-Paghman).
The r e is no good
pl a c e f o r an encampment j u s t he r e , t h e c ount r y bei ng t oo close.
wood, wat er , and s u p p l i e s a r e pl e nt i f ul . ( Sha hz a da Taimus.) Baian
pai n is near by, a t 35-0 69-14 m. Anot he r vi l l a ge cal l ed Baian is
on t h e Sai ghan r i ve r , a bout 8 m i l e s e a s t of Sai ghan, a t 35-11
67-47
m. (LWA)
BAIAT
A s e c t i o n of t h e J aghat u Hazar as.
BAI BOGHA
A s e c t i o n og t h e Dai Kundi Hazar as.
BAI KALA
A Besud Hazara v i l l a g e .
BAILAM ( v &
35- 71-. A vi l l a ge on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Kunar, some 3 miles
bel ow Chandak, c ont a i ni ng a bout 80 h o u s e s of Chi t r a l i s and Afghans.
I t is s i t u a t e d a mi ds t f e r t i l e f i e l d s and u s e d o t be t h e l i m i t of
Chi t r a l a u t h o r i t y i n t h e Kunar val l ey. ( Rober t son. )
BAILAM, UPPER
35- 71-. Appears t o be a not he r name f o r Nurdi .
BAINDARRA, KOH-I See URAZGANI
~ J J "k6
BAINTAN Or BAINTU
A s ubdi vi s i on of t h e Daichopan Hazar as.
BAJ GAH d L b
35-29 69-35 A. Elev. 12, 300 f e e t . A p a s s ove r t h e Hindu Kush
a t t h e head of t h e Sal ang dar a. I t is c r o s s e d by a road leading
d i r e c t from t h e Pa nj s hi r val l ey i n t o t h a t of Andarab a t about 39
3/4 miles f r om Char i kar . The r oad ove r t h e pa s s , i n its present
c ondi t i on, is onl y j u s t pr a c t i c a bl e f o r Af ghan camel s, but it is
r e p o r t e d ( 1905) t h a t t h e A m i r i n t e n d s t o i mpr ove it. I B A
vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 35-35 69-1 m. ( LWA)
BAJ I NORA
l ,+L:
35-38 71-22 G.
A Kat i r vi l l a ge of 30 h o u s e s , on t h e l e f t bank of
Ba s hgul r i ve r , some 2 miles s o u t h of Bragamatal.
~ o s t of t h e houses
a r e p e r c h e d on t h e t o p of a l a r g e r oc k, t o r e a c h whi ch a bridge
s t r e t c h i n g t o it f r om t h e s l o p e be hi nd h a s t o be c r os s e d. The
wa t e r - s uppl y can onl y be obt ai ned a t some little di s t a nc e from the
f o o t of t h e r oc k. ( Rober t son. ) Re c e nt maps s how t h e name ~ a c h a n c h a ~
a t 35-38 71-20. (LWA)
BAK A4
33-32 70-1. Bak is an a l a qa da r i i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce. The alaa-
d a r i c ompr i s e s an a r e a o f 1 7 5 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s and ha s an agricul-
t u r a l popul a t i on t h a t h a s be e n e s t i ma t e d a t from 4, 605 t o 6, 3g5#
The a l a qa da r i is bounde d i n t h e w e s t by Jani Khel and s ar ot i , i n t he
Sout h by Trayzai , i n t h e nor t h by Ja-ji Maidan, and i n t h e west by
t h e State of Paki s t an. Bak h a s some 25 vi l l a ge a , 1 2 of whi ch
have
inore t h a n 500 i nha bi t a nt s . The vi l l a ge s a r e f i s t e d i n t h e as
f o l l o ws : Kot ga i Sa l Kal ai , Mohs en Kalai, Pal o Khe l ( Por i Khe l ) ,
Badai, Gulbad Shahmi r, Sadi n, Saman K e l (Shaman Khel ), Wardgan
Kalai, Kotwalay, Ahmad Kalai (Ahmad Al i ) , Chor i Kalai ( Chor i Kahol),
Wazir Kalai, Pahlawan Khel, Haji Gulmat Khan, Mana Kahol, Spe r ka i ,
Nangar ( Sangar ) , Mami Kahol (Mari Kahol), Shamal Khel, Pas s Kalai
Nar (Barkal ai Nar), Koz Kalai Nar, Omar Khan, Tut ak (Tutak-i-Khurd),
and Mangai.
*BAKAS 3 6
35-4 68-43 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d i n t h e val l ey of a t r i but a r y of t h e
Ghor band, some 6 m i l e s nor t h o f Galian.
*BAKHSHAK
..I.,
34-11 68-16 m. A vi l l age i n t h e val l ey of t h e Dara-i-Jelga, s out h-
w e s t of Miran. Anot her vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is some 10 miles
s o u t h we s t of Ghazni , a t 33-30 68-17 m.
BAKHSHI KALAI J*
33-20 68-17. A vi l l age i n t h e Ghi l zai count r y, 36 m i l e s from Ghaz-
ni, and 10 m i l e s f r om Mashaki. I t is a c ol l e c t i on of s e ve r a l wal l ed
v i l l a g e s i n h a b i t e d by To k h i a nd Anda r i Ghi l z a i s . Suppl i e s a r e
abundant and c he a p. "Sal ep misri" is f ound a l l ove r t h e hi l l s near
t h i s pl ace. (N.Campbel1, Broad f oot . ) Anot her pl ace wi t h t h i s name
is l oc a t e d a t 31-47 68-23 A. (LWA)
BAKHSH I KALAY P a
33- 68-. A vi l l age in t h e Kharwar, cont ai ni ng 50 h o u s e s of Yusuf
Khel Ghi l zai s. ( Gr i esbach. )
BAKHTAN KALA
"&
34- 70-. A vi l l age in t h e Sur kha b di vi s i on of t h e Jal al abad di s -
trict, about a m i l e n o r t h we s t of Ghaur hak. I nha bi t a nt s Taj i ks and
Dehgans. (Jenkyns.)
*BAKHTANA &&
33-27 69-56 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d a f e w miles s o u t h we s t of Nakam
and nor t h of Khost .
BAKHTI AWN (j',h
34-36 69-16 m. A vi l l age i n t h e Kaubul d i s t r i c t , 2 miles nor t h of
t h e small kot a l near t h e vi l l age of Deh-i-Yahiya. I t is a s t r a g -
gl i ng pl ace. I nhabi t ant s: Ghi l zai s. Much f i r e wood is c ol l e c t e d
h e r e ( f r om Deh- i - Sabz, etc.) a nd s e n t i n t o t h e Kabul ma r k e t .
( I .B.C.)
BAKKAK A
34-38 66-50. Elev. 11, 520 f e e t . A p a s s i n t h e Koh-i-Baba r a nge
over t h e wa t e r s he d be t we e n t h e Band-i-Amir and t h e Sar-i-Jangal
val l eys. I t i s c r o s s e d by t h e main Kabul-Bamian-Daulat Yar r oad a t
about 65 miles from Kala Sar kar i i n Bamian.
The a s c e n t from t h e e a s t lies up t h e Bakkak gl en, a t r i but a r y of t h e
Siah Dara. I t is pr act i cabl e f o r A g han camel s car r yi ng f ul l l oa ds ,
but I ndi an camel s would s c a r c e l y be abl e t o g e t up unl e s s ve r y l i g h t
l aden; any c ons i de r a bl e t r ai n of ba gga ge animals would be ne c e s s a r i -
l y much del ayed by it. Thi s a s c e n t is, however , t h e onl y r eal l y
d i f f i c u l t b i t f o r camel s on t h e road be t we e n Bamian and Daulat Yar.
Once t h e summit is r e a c he d t h e road is ve r y good, and 3/4 m i l e
f u r t h e r on c r o s s e s a s pur ; t h i s is known a s t h e Shams her Sang kot al ,
and is about 30 f e e t h i g h e r t ha n t h e a c t ua l Bakkak wa t e r s he d. From
h e r e t h e d e s c e n t t o t h e vi l l age of Sur kha k, i n t h e Sarma Kol, is
r emar kabl y good and e a s y on t h e whol e, b u t t h e r oad is liable to
become s o f t and s l i ppe r y in w e t weather.
Anot he r r oad s t r i k e s o f f f r om t h e summi t of t h e Bakkak pass and
l e a d s ne a r l y s t r a i g h t down t h e Kohna Deh r a vi ne t o K a h Mirdad, and
t h e n c e ove r t h e Roghani Gar dan p a s s i n t o t h e Sar-i- ang gal valley,
(A.B.C.)
BAKKAK-I-BURNA (Upper Bakkak) LR 4
34-38 66-48 m. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Bakkak gl e n, a t t h e e a s t e r n foot of
t h e Bakkak p a s s , and a b o u t 1 1/2 m i l e s f r om its summit. I t contains
s ome 25 h o u s e s of Takana Hazaras. Th e r e is a good de a l of cultiva-
t i o n h e r e mo s t l y o n t h e h i l l s i d e s t o t h e s o u t h o f t h e glen.
(A.B.C.)
BAKKAK-I -TAIRNA (Lower Bakkak)
L&&
34-38 66-50 m. Elev. a bout 8, 970 f e e t . A vi l l a ge i n t h e Bakkak
gl e n, a b o u t 2 1/2 miles bel ow Bak kak-i-Burna. It c ont a i ns some 30
o r 40 h o u s e s o f Bacha Ghulam Hazaras. The gl e n h e r e is some 200 or
300 y a r d s wi de, and is c u l t i v a t e d , b u t 1/2 m i l e h i g h e r up it becomes
q u i t e nar r ow, var yi ng f r om 1 5 t o 40 o r 50 y a r d s i n wi dt h. (A.B.C.)
BAKSHI KALA (+)&A
31-47 68-23 m. A c o l l e c t i o n o f wal l ed vi l l a ge s i n t h e Jamrud
s ubdi vi s i on o f t h e Ghazni d i s t r i c t , a bout 1 0 m i l e s s o u t h of Mashaki.
Th e r e is much c ul t i va t i on he r e ; s u p p l i e s a r e p l e n t i f u l and water is
abundant . In ha bi t a nt s , Andari and To k h i G hi l zai s . (I.B.C.)
BAKSHI KHEL &A
35- 69-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e u p p e r Pa nj s hi r val l ey, on t h e road down
f r om Bazarak t o Anaba. 100 h o u s e s o f Taj i ks. ( Shahzada Taimus.)
BAKU KHAM See USHTARGIRAN rLf ' ,
*BAKULSHATA
ds,
35-27 71-24 m. A vi l l a ge i n a gl e n, some 6 m i l e s nor t heas t of
Kamdesh.
&by&
BALABAGH
34-24 70-14 A. A wal l ed vi l l a ge i n t h e val l ey of Jalalabad, 15
m i l e s west of Jal al abad, on t h e r i g h t bank o f Sur khab. I t is cele-
b r a t e d f o r its f r u i t s , a s w e l l a s f o r its s uga r c a ne , whi ch is here
e x t e n s i v e l y c u l t i v a t e d ; mor e , h o we v e r , f o r a 5 w e e t me a t than
ma nuf a c t ur e o f s uga r . The ne i ghbour hood a bounds i n t ope s . From a
commer ci al p o i n t of vi ew t h e vi l l a ge is t h e mos t i mpor t ant place in
t h e val l ey o f Jal al abad; it h a s many Hindu t r a d e r s and a f ew bankers
r e s i d e n t a t it. To t h e w e s t t h e r e is a l a r g e r e g a l ga r de n, and the
e n v i r o n s t o t h e e a s t a r e h i g h l y c u l t i v a t e d , pa r t i c u- l a r l y with
s uga r c a ne . On t h e
o p p o s i d e s i d e of t h e r i v e r is t h e site of the
c i t y of Admapur, f l o u r i s h i n g i n t h e t i m e of Babar.
To t h e sout h and
w e s t a bl eak s t o n y pl ai n e x t e n d s .
Th e r e is a s m a l l f o r t a t t a c h e d , and it is s a i d by Leech t o be a
p i c t u r e s q u e pl ace, e x c e e d i n g l y f r u i t f u l , yi e l di ng al most ever y Pro-
duc t i on. The site be i ng more e l e v a t e d , ~ t s cl i mat e is less sultry
t h a n t h a t o f Jal al abad.
The i n h a b i t a n t s of Bal abagh a r e Taj i ks , Ghi l z a i s and
some 30 farni-
lies of Si k h s , s e t t l e d h e r e s i n c e 1849, when some r e f u g e e s from the
Punj a b t o o k s h e l t e r i n t h e d i s t r i c t . T h e s e Si k h s r et ai n t hei r
r e l i gi on and a r e ge ne r a l l y s h o p k eegers. (Masson, Leech, 1.B.C.)
BALA DEH r ay&
34-6 70-28 m. A small f o r t i f i e d haml et i n t h e Hi sarak s ubdi vi s i on
of t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t a t t h e f o o t of t h e Oghaz p a s s whi ch l e a d s
ove r t h e Sa f e d Koh t o Kurram. t h e r e is a company of i nf a nt r y,
d e t a c h e d from Kahi, s t a t i one d h e r e and 2 mountain guns . (I.B.C.)
Recent maps s how t h e s pe l l i ng Deh-i-Bdla. (LWA)
BALA DEH r aY&
34- 68-. A v i l l a g e i n Koh Daman, on t h e h i l l s t o t h e w e s t o f
Shakar dar a, and some 4 m i l e s from t h a t pl ace. The r e is s a i d t o be a
g r e a t de a l of cul t i vat i on her e. (I.B.C.)
BALA DEH r aY&
33-38 69-17 m. A l a r g e vi l l age i n Zurmat be t we e n Mus hkhel and
Faki r k hel . I nhabi t ant s: Sulaiman Khel G hi l zai s. The r e is a l a r g e
f o r t her e. (I.B.C.)
BALA DEH r ay&
33-26 70-25. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Sur kha b di vi s i on of t h e Jal al abad
d i s t r i c t , a bout 3 m i l e s west of Jal al abad t own. I nha bi t a nt s Taj i ks.
(Jenkyns . )
BALA DEH r aY&
33-37 69-17 m. A vi l l a ge a f e w miles n o r t h e a s t of Gar dez on t h e
road t h e n c e t o Mirzaka kot al . The r e is room f o r a br i ga de t o camp
he r e , wi t h s u f f i c i e n t wat er from t h e Sa pe ga Rud. The i nha bi t a nt s a r e
Dehgan Taj i ks. (I.B.C.)
*BALA DEH r aYc
35-1 70-5 m. A vi l l age i n a gl en, r unni ng i nt o t h e Al i shang, e a s t
of t h e Kuh-i-Korangal. Ot her pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name a r e l oc a t e d a t
34-31 67-14 m. s o u t h of t h e Kuh-i-Baba; 33-37 69-17 m. a f e w miles
n o r t h e a s t of Gar dez; 34-29 68-47 G. and 33-35 69-14 G.
BALAGHI L
&I&
35- 69-. A vi l l age on t h e Daman of t h e Paghman r ange, e a s t of
Char i kar . Hundr ed f ami l i es of Taj i ks. ( Shahzada Taimus.)
BALAI JY&
33-25 68-39 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d west of t h e Tapor Dasht and a bout
20 miles s o u t h e a s t of Ghazni .
*BALA KAREZ *dY &
34-38 69-2 m. A vi l l age e a s t of t h e Kabul-Charikar r oad, about 15
miles nor t h w e s t of Kabul.
*BALANZAI KHUNE j* &
35-14 71-15 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d in t h e val l ey of a t r i but a r y of
t h e Kunar, a f e w miles n o r t h we s t of Gi rdab.
*BALAQALA d i Y &
34-23 67-5 m. A vi l l age on t h e Dara-i-Mur, a f e w miles e a s t of
Pan j ao.
*BALDARGHAN &,4
33-26 67-59 m. A vi l l age i n t h e Dara-i-Khush, e a s t of t h e Kuh-i-
Zardnan .
BALINA IRAK d
34- 68-. A small f o r t wi t h about 15 h o u s e s of Darghan Hazaras,
s i t u a t e d 8 miles n o r t h of t h e I r ak Kotal. (Muhammad Akbar Khan.)
BAL- I-REG &&
34- 67-. A haml et i n t h e s o u t h e a s t of Yak Walang, pas s ed on the
road l e a di ng from Kara Khawal u p t o t h e Zard Sang Kotal.
Thi s would be a f a i r l y good pl ace t o camp, b u t no s uppl i es are
l ocal l y pr ocur abl e. Gr as s i n s p r i n g and summer; but a f o r fuel .
From Bal-i-Reg a r oad b r a n c h e s r i g h t ( s out h- s out hwe s t ) up a ravine
t o Shah-i-Birahna, a pl ace on t h e o t h e r s i d e of t h e Koh-i-Baba, and
s a i d t o be 30 miles di s t a nt . It is a zi arat . (Muhammad Akbar Khan.)
BALO
34-25 70-19. Deh-i-Balo is a vi l l age i n t h e Jalalabad di s t r i ct on
t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e S u r k h a b r i v e r a t a b o u t 3 miles from i t s
j unct i on wi t h t h e Kabul. I nhabi t ant s : ~ a j i k s . ( Jen kyns.)
BALOJ &
33- 69-. A s m a l l d e s e r t e d vi l l age i n t h e A l i Khel di s t r i ct , a
little over a m i l e from A l i Khel , on t h e o p p o s i t e s i d e of the
Karai a s t r e a m. ( Col l et t . )
BALTUKHEL b&
34- 69-. A vi l l age i n t h e n o r t h e r n p a r t o f t h e Koh Daman, north of
Kabul. I t ha s a c e r t a i n amount of cul t i vat i on and past ur age. (Kenne-
dy. 1
*BALUCH &
35-1 67-42 m. A vi l l age on t h e Gor gor awa st r eam whi ch runs into
t h e Sai g han.
BALUTAK
34- 69-. The name gi ven t o a poi nt on t h e Tezi n and Khurd Kabul
r oad, whe r e it is m e t by a pa t h from Lat aband, i n t h e nei g hbourhood
o f t h e Haf t Kotal. (Young.)
BAMI AN "b1
34-49 67-49. A pr ovi nce i n c e n t r a l Af ghani s t an whi ch compri ses an
ar ea o f 17, 546 s q u a r e k i l o me t e r s a nd an a g r i c u l t u r a l popul at i on
e s t i ma t e d a t from 85, 108 t o 112, 342. The pr ovi nce is bounded in the
w e s t by Ghor , i n t h e nor t h by Bal kh and Samangan, i n t h e eas t by
Parvan/Kapisa, i n t h e s o u t h e a s t by Maidan, and i n t h e s out hwes t by
UruZgan. Bamian pr ovi nc e is di vi de d i n t o t h e f our wol eswdi s of
Kahmard, Yakowl ang, Panjab, and Waras and i nt o t h e al aqadari s of
Sai ghan and Shi bar , a s w e l l a s t h e d i s t r i c t of Bamian.
The capital
of t h e pr ovi nce is t h e c i t y of Bamian. ( LWA) For wol es wdi l i st s
from t h e Depar t ment of St a t i s t i c s of t h e Mi ni st ry of ~ g r i c u l t u r e and
I r r i ga t i on see t h e f ol l owi ng s i x pages . In 1914 Bamian provi nce was
d e s c r i b e d a s f 0110 w s:
Th i s admi ni s t r at i ve di vi s i on is t h e onl y p a r t of t h e Kabul province
n o r t h of t h e g r e a t r a nge of t h e Koh-i-Baba and Hindu Kush. I t corn-
Pr i s e s : (I) t h e val l ey of Bamian and i t s af f l u e n t gl ens , al l drain-
i ng t o t h e Sur khab (Kunduz r i ver ) : (11) t h e cons i der abl e di s t r i ct of
Yak Wdlang, whi ch is t o t h e w e s t of Bamian, and is dr ai ned by the
head wa t e r s of t h e Rud-i-Band-i-~mir, t h e a nc i e nt Balk h-Ab: (111)
t h e n o r t h we s t e r n Hazaraj at d i s t r i c t s , commonly cal l ed t h e Dai 2angi
count r y.
The f o ~ o w i n g s t a t i s t i c s of popul at i on, etc., and gener al remarks On
t h e Bamian di vi s i on, a s above d e f i n e d a r e t a ke n from Major Mait-
l a nd' s di ar y Bamian p r o p e r bei ng f u r t h e r d e a l t wi t h under that
headi ng:
Administrative Divisions of Bamian Province
502
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2801
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Barnian
\ 2805 1
Yatowl ang
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- 2807 .P./
PANJAB
KAHMARD
BAMIAN
WARAS
YAWKOWLANG
SAIGHAN
SHlBAR (SHAMBUL)
TOTAL
ESTIMATE OF AGRICULTURAL POPULATION AND AREA UNDER CULTIVATION
Villages
Agricultural
Population Landlords
Lands under Cultivation in Jaribs
Irrigated Non-lrrig. Total
Lands under Cultivation in Hectares
Irrigated Non-Irrig. Total
PANJAB
KAHMARD
BAMl AN
WARAS
YAWKOWLANG
SAIGHAN
SHIBAR (SHAMBUL)
TOTAL
STATISTICAL ESTIMATE OF LIVESTOCK BY WOLESWALIS AND ALAKADARIS
Sheep
14,580
12,650
59,530
36,240
60,690
30,750
40,940
255,380
Karakul Goats
Sheep
Cattle
15,990
7,480
31,780
33,150
35,100
5,360
15,700
144,560
Buffaloes Camels Horses Donkeys
620
1,990
9,000
4,110
12,830
6,340
3,660
38,550
Mules Poultry
0 0
o m
'? '?
rt rrl
N 0
* .-I
TOTAL CULTIVABLE LAND. BY CROP-IN KABUL1 JARIBS
Grains
Irrigated Non-irrig.
PAN J AB
19,280 -
KAHMARD 6,330 7 10
BAMl AN 16,790 800
WARAS 32.02 0 11,140
YAWKOWLANG 16,080 2,870
SAlGHAN 5,050 290
SHIBAR (SHAMBUL) 4,950 1,090
TOTAL 100,500 16,9 00
Total Vegetables Industrial Other
Crops Crops
Fruits Total
Cultivated
Land
I . Bamian
In Bamian a r e compr i s ed: (1) Bamian pr oper , t h a t is t h e valley of
Bamian, wi t h t h e Sai yi dabad and Polada gl ens . (2) The Kalu subdis-
t ri ct , i ncl udi ng Kalu, I r ak, and Shi bar , etc. ( 3 ) Sokhdar or Surkh-
dar , wi t h some out l yi ng pl aces. (4) Shahi dan, wi t h Shibartu. (5)
Karg hanat u or Karakanstu.
1. The f ol l owi ng pl aces belong t o ~ a mi a n proper:
V i 1 l a ge s Fami 1 ies V i 11 ages Fami 1 i es
Topchi 100
Ahingaran 4 0
Sumara 5 0
Sad Masti 6 0
Lal a Khel and
Mulla Ayan 60
J agar Khel 5 0
Gharibabad
Deh Wahid
Buri Suni a
Sar-i -Asi a
J ui Sar Bal a
Tahbu t i
Daud i
Bughlani
-
Tot al 760
The t wo last-named pl aces a r e t h e cave-vi l l ages about t he idols.
Bughl ani is t h e uppe r one, near t h e sarai .
Ther e is no t own of Bamian (now t h e r e i s - LWA) . The Hakim lives in
an or di nar y mud f o r t known a s Kala Sarkari .
A t t h e f o o t of t h e bi g i dol is a l a r ge new sarai , where al l travel-
lers have t o put up, and wher e t ol l is t aken from kafi l as.
The popul at i on of t h e s e vi l l ages is Tajik e x c e p t f o r ~ u g h l a n i where
it is mi xed.
The n e x t t wo pl ace a r e l a r ge gl ens , e nt e r i ng t h e Bamian valley from
t h e s out h:
Vi l l a g e s T r i b e F a mi l i e s Vi l l a g e s Tr i b e Fami l i es
Sayy idabad
Sayyidabad Sayyid s 100 Bam Sarah Sayyids 100
and
Khushkak Hazaras 50 Dukani Sayyi ds 8 0
Chap Dara 100 and
Hazaras
Ulang a s h Hazaras 40
~ o t a l 4 7 0
Faolad i
Dasht-i-Tikar Polada Hazaras
Dasht-i-Kazan
Tot al 1m
The whol e popul at i on of Sayyidabad gl en is sai d t o be Shiah. The
v i l l a g e s i n t h e l o we r p a r t o f t h i s g l e n ( Bur i Suni a, et c. ) are
i nhabi t ed by Taj i ks i ncl uded i n Bamian pr oper . Thi s l ower part
l ocal l y known a s Tagao Tajik and not a s Polada. According t o ~ a f a d ~ ~
Amir Khan, t h e r e a r e al s o some Tajik village. a t t h e ext r eme head of
t h e gl en.
Mir Baba Beg was c hi e f of t h e Polada Hazaras in 1885, he was then in
conf i nement a t Kabul.
2. Kalu
Kalu, Irak and Bulola a r e l a r g e g l e n s r unni ng from t h e main r a nge on
t h e s o u t h and e a s t , t o t h e e a s t end of t h e Bamian val l ey and di s -
t r i c t . The r oa ds t o Kabul Lie up t h e s e gl ens . Toge t he r wi t h t h e i r
a f f l u e n t gl e ns , t h e y form t h e Kal u s u b d i s t r i c t , whi ch is e xc l us i ve l y
i nha bi t e d by Khat ai Hazaras.
Pl a c e s Se c t i ons of Khat ai Hazaras Fami 1 ies
Shi bar and Bul ol a Shai kha 300
Ahingaran ( Shi kar i ? ) Ahingaran 80
Bi r g i l i c h gl e n Shak 120
J ol a h Gud i 100
I r a k gl e n Khida 300
J andar gal Mirdad 4 0
Kalu v a l l e y Maikadam, Mirdad, I r a khc hi ,
Ahingar an 400
Sabz-Ao Jan Muhammad 10
Jaokul Mirdad 30
1, 390
Mir ~ a l b i ~ u s a i n , Mirdad ~ h a t a i , is c h i e f of t h e whol e cl an, and
or i gi nal l y t h e e n t i r e r e ve nue of t h e s u b d i s t r i c t was pai d t h r o u g h
him. Si nce t h e a c c e s s i on of A m i r Abdur Rahman, however , I r ak and
Shi bar ( or Bulola), wi t h Bi r gi l i ch and J ol ah, have been r emoved from
h i s j ur i s di c t i on, and now pay t h e i r r e ve nue d i r e c t t o t h e Hakim o f
Bamian.
The r e ve nue payabl e by Kalbi Husain was s t a t e d by hi msel f t o be:
3,000 Kabuli r u p e e s kham ( Appar ent l y ha s no r e f e r e n c e t o Kabuli
"kham" cur r ency, and "pukht a" cur r ency. I t is unde r s t ood t o be all
r e c kone d i n "pukta. ") i.e., i n ki nd, t a ke n i n gr ai n, s h e e p , bar ak,
etc., 2,427 Kabuli r u p e e s pukht a , i.e., i n c a s h.
Kalbi Husai n' s "muajib" is 25 Kabuli kha r wa r s of gr ai n, etc., and 29
t omans (580 Kabuli r u p e e s ) i n cas h.
H e has 12 sowars, of whom 7 ar e paid by t h e Ami r ' s Government.
3. Surkhdar or Sokhdar
V i l l a g e s I nha bi t a nt s Fami l i es
Surkhdar ( s e ve r a l f o r t s ) Ta j i ks 150
Kham-i-Kelak ( 2 f o r t s
below Sokhdar) Ta j i ks 2 0
Ba r i ki ( near Shahi dan) Sayyi ds 2 0
Sabzak (up t h e d e f i l e ) Ta j i k s 2 0
Gumbat Mixed Hazaras 60
Ak Robat M i xed Hazaras 4 0
-
Tot a l 310
Sur khdar , o r Sokhda r , is t h e u p p e r p a r t of t h e Bamian val l ey,
commencing a f ew m i l e s above t h e i dol s . I t i nc l ude s var i ous pl aces ,
a s Ak Robat and Bari ki , whi ch a r e on a f f l u e n t r avi nes.
The r eal name of t h e pLace is sai d t o be "Sur khdar , " but it a p p e a r s
t o be i nvari abl y cal l ed "So k h dar."
A l l t h e pe opl e of Sokhda r a r e s ai d t o be Shi ahs .
4. Shahidan and Shi ba r t u
The f ol l owi ng pl a c e s a r e gl e ns , or upl and val l eys, dr ai ni ng t o t h e
u p p e r c our s e of t h e Bamian st r eam, t h a t is t h e d e f i l e above Sokhdar,
They a r e c r os s e d by t h e road from Bamian t o Yak Walang and Daulat
Yar. Shahi dan and Shi bar t u are count ed a s one.
Shahidan
Lado
Kala Muhamnad A l i
Kala Al l ah Baksh
Kala Kadam Shah
Kala Bakar
Ambar Samuch
Mumarak
Kala Abdul Rahim
Shi bar t u
Kala Ao Bashi
I kht i a r a n
Pi rdad
Yangur Hazaras 30
10
5
10
10
50
Mumarak Besud Hazaras 30
Yangur Hazaras 10
Khubzat s e c t i on of 20
Pol ada Hazaras 3 0
40
-
Tot al of Shahidan and Shi bar t u 245
Mir Ata Beg is t h e headman of t h e s e t wo val l eys. The revenue is said
t o be 4,000 Kabuli r u p e e s ( al l payabl e i n cash?) , of which Mir Ata
Beg g e t s 1 5 t omans (300 Kabuli r upe e s ) and 7 Kabuli kharwars of
gr ai n, etc.
5. Karghanatu, or Karakanatu
V i l l a ge s Fami l i es Vi l l ages Fami 1 i es
Chahar Chashma 16 Khairkhana 1 4
Kala Abbas 12 Kala Gadai 10
Deh Muhammad A l i 12 Kohna Kala 17
Deh Bacha Aka Raza 11 Kala Zafar 3
Walangak 13 Shah-rah 1 2
Tob A l i
16 -
Tot al 126
MU^ Gadai and Mauladad Sul t an wer e t h e he a ds of t h e Shahgum Beg
Takanas of Karg hanat u i n 1885. The r evenue of Karg hanatu is said t o
be 25 t omans (500 Kabuli r upe e s ) i n cas h, and 30 (600 Kabuli rupees)
i n ki nd. A l l of t h e above a r e i nhabi t ed by t h e Shahgum Beg and
Tak ana Hazaras.
Abs t r act of Popul at i on
Fami 1 ies
Fami 1 ies
Bamian 7 60 Sokhdar 310
Sayy idabad 470 Shahidan 24 5
Polada 1,000 Karghana t u 135
Kalu 1,390 -
Tot al of Bamian 4,310
The popul at i on is di vi ded i n t o t he fol l owi ng cl as s es :
Ta j i k s 900 Khatai 1,390
Sayyi ds 2 70 Yangur 125
Mixed Hazaras 400 Shahgum Beg
Polada 1,090 Hazaras 135
Tot al 4,310
Except f or t h e Taj i ks and t h e Sayyi ds, a l l a r e Hazaras.
The Taj i ks oc c upy t h e val l ey of Bamian pr ope r , and t h e Sa yyi ds a r e
i n c l o s e pr oxi mi t y. The whol e of t h e rest of Bamian is pe opl e d by
Hazaras.
The r evenue of Bamian is unknown, but it pr obabl y amount s t o about
50,000 Kabuli r upe e s , wi t hout t r a n s i t due s .
Jan Muhammad Khan, of Bari kab near Ghazni , was Hakim of Bamian i n
1885-86; b u t it was t h e n s ai d t h a t h e was l i ke l y t o be r e l i e ve d
b e f o r e l ong by Ghulam Haidar Khan, a younger b r o t h e r of Muhammad
Husain Khan, Jawan-Sher Ki zi l bash, t h e Hakim of Besud. (Muhammad
Ayub Khan, s on of Sarwar Khan of Parwan, was Hakim i n 1906.)
The r e a r e no t r o o p s i n Bamian e x c e p t 100 kha s a da r s ; b u t a c c or di ng t o
Dafadar Shams huddi n Khan, who pa s s e d t h r o u g h i n 1886, t h e A m i r had
or de r e d q u a r t e r s f o r 12, 000 men t o be r ebui l t . The r e we r e i n 1906 a
ba t t e r y of a r t i l l e r y and t wo compani es of i nf a nt r y qua r t e r e d a t Kala
Sar kar i , in a ddi t i on t o 300 khas adar s . The r oa ds from Bamian t o
Kabul have l a t e l y been gr e a t l y i mpr oved by A m i r Abdur Rahman.
The r e is a good d e a l o f cul t i vat i on i n t h e val l eys and g l e n s of
Bamian, but no l a r g e amount of s u p p l i e s is pr ocur abl e. Wheat and
bar l ey a r e gr own. In t h e more e l e va t e d t r a c t s t h e r e is no wheat , and
t h e pe opl e e a t bar l ey br ead.
Accor di ng t o t h e Af ghan of f i c i a l s , t h e f ol l owi ng amount s can be
c ol l e c t e d a t t h e und er ment i oned pl aces :
A t I r a k o r Kalu, f r om t h e Kalu s u b d i s t r i c t : s u p p l i e s f o r 2, 000
s owar s f o r one day a r e i mmedi at el y pr ocur abl e.
A t Bamian i t s e l f : s u p p l i e s f o r 2 Kabuli caval r y r e gi me nt s f o r one
month .
A t Sokhdar : s u p p l i e s f o r 2 Kabuli caval r y r e gi me nt s f o r one day.
A t Shahi dan: s u p p l i e s ( i ncl udi ng at a) f o r 5 Kabuli caval r y r e qi me nt s
f o r one day.
A t Karghanatu: s u p p l i e s f o r one Kabuli caval r y r e gi me nt f o r one
day.
In t h e mat t er of s u p p l i e s 2 Kabuli caval r y r e gi me nt s may be t a ke n a s
equal t o 1 I ndi an nat i ve caval r y r e gi me nt on Kabul s cal e.
The above amounts, put i n t o maunds, would be appr oxi mat el y:
Ata
I r a k or Kalu 50 rnaunds
Bamian and Sokhdar 400
Shahidan 6 0
Karghana t u 12
Bar l e y
200 maunds
1, 440
225
4 5
-
Tot a l 5 2 2 1, 910
A d e p o t a t Bamian mi ght be s t o c k e d from Dara Yusuf . Grain would be 8
o r 10 da ys coming on pack bul l ocks . The r e a r e s u f f i c i e n t wat er m i l l s
i n Bamian and Sai ghan t o gr i nd t h e wheat .
Ther e a r e a good many s ma L l o r c h a r d s i n t h e val l ey of Bamian. Fr ui t
and garden produce would be procurable in season.
Sheep a r e abundant. Ghi is pr ocur abl e from Besud.
The pack ani mal s of t h e d i s t r i c t a r e yabus and bul l ocks .
Ther e a r e no camel s, t houg h l a r g e kaf i l a s a r e cont i nual l y pa s s i ng
t h r o u g h , e s pe c i a l l y in autumn.
The baggage mules of a f or ce would probably fi nd good grazing in t h e
hi l l s t o s out h, but t h e c ount r y ha s not been s een. The r e is n o t
l i ke l y, however , t o be much camel f o r a g e a t any t i m e of t h e year.
Ther e is e x c e l l e n t gr ound
f o r campi ng on t h e pl at eau, known a s t h e
Dash t - i - Sa r ka r , s o u t h o f Kala Sa r ka r i . Th e l a nd is Go r v e r n me n t
pr ope r t y. I t is wat er ed by a kar ez. Lucer ne i6 c ul t i va t e d t h e r e .
11. Yak Walang
The d i s t r i c t of Yak Walang cont ai ns t h e f 0110 wing subdivisions:
(1) Yak Walang, compr i si ng t h e val l ey of Yak Walang and a number of
gl e ns and minor val l eys r unni ng i nt o it.
( 2) Tagao Sayyi d, wh i c h is t h e main va l l e y a bove Yak Walang
and var i ous a f l u e n t gl ens .
(3) Sar-i-Kol, a l a r ge gl en above Tagao Sayyid and Firozbahar, wi t h
some out l yi ng pl aces .
( 4 ) Kham-i-Aba ( wi t h Ba ha r a k) , t h e va l l e y of t h e r i ver below
Yakh Walang and its t r i but ar y gl ens .
The peopl e of Yak Walang a r e all Hazaras and Hazara Sayyids. Those
of t h e Yak Walang s u b d i s t r i c t a r e Takanas, a t r i be of t h e Dai Zangi
st ock.
Thei r c hi e f is Muhammad Ami r Khan, who has t h e
her edi t ar y t i t l e of
"Il khani " by whi ch h e is al ways known. H e r e s i d e s a t Deh Surkh in
Yak Walang.
The Takanas are s ai d t o be di vi ded i nt o t h e f ol l owi ng sect i ons:
Kam*-i-Kaka
Kam-i-Yarka
Kam-i-Anda
Rus tam
Begal
*Hazara f o m of "Kaum. "
Nurkah
Pi r kul i
Khwa j adad
Ba i kah
But t h e s e di vi s i ons have L i t t l e meaning now-a-days among t he Hazar-
as. The Begal a r e t h e "Mirl' s e c t i on, or "Khan-Khel" a s it would be
called among t h e Afghans.
1. The Yak Walang s u b d i s t r i c t
The f ol l owi ng a r e t h e pl aces i ncl uded i n Yak Walang, with their
popul at i on, etc.:
V i l l a ge s
1. Zari
Kalkhak
Sang-i-Sulakh
Mard Kush
Kala Nao. Thi s pl ace
"Khasl' Zar i
Lorcha
La i l ur
Kalandaran
11
I nhabi t ant s
Khwajadad Takanas
11 I1
is
11 11
Sayyi ds
'I
Yangur Hazaras
Sayyi ds
Fami 1 i es
-
Tot al 127
Mir Y U S U ~ Beg, a r el at i ve (uncl e?) of t h e Ukha ni ,
is Mir of this
s ubdi vi s i on and l i ve s a t Kala Nao. is son, ~ h ~ l ~ ~ ~ u s a i n , regides
a t Mard Kush.
2. Si ah Dara
Rustam Takanas 5 0
Yangur Hazaras 70
Besud Hazaras 4 0
Abdal (Bacha Ghulam Hazaras) 40
Tot al
Kambar Zawar is chief man in this subdivision, which is the upper
part of the Zari glen.
Villages
3. Sabzak
Various hamlets
4. Nurkah
Nurkah
Chukarnao, etc.
5. Bakkak
Bakkak-i-Burna
Bakak-i-Tairna
Inhabitants Fami 1 ies
Anda Takanas 100
Nurkah Takanas
Khwajadad Takanas
Baikah Takanas 20
Bacha Ghulam Hazaras 30
-
Total 190
Zafar Ali, Mir Hazar, is head of the above.
6. Tagao Sharfak Baikah Takanas 100
7. Kanak
Sar-i-Kanak Anda Takanas 2 0
Dahan-i-Kanak Anda Takanas 20
Kanak-i-Shewna Tajiks 10
8. Chahar Deh
4 small forts and
villages Kam-i-Kaka Takanas 100
-
Total 250
9. Sarmakol
Surkhak
Sarmakol
Noastu
Charharkash
Tulighali Besud Hazaras 15
Anda Takanas 10
Mukadam Yangur Hazaras 2 0
Neka Hazaras 10
-
Total 55
Samakol is beyond the Bak kak Kotal, but drains to the Kanak glen.
Sidik Ali is the headman of the whole.
10. Deh Surkh, or Yak
Walang proper
Deh Surkh (2 forts) Mi xed Hazaras
Do-Ai (4 hamlets) Begal Takanas
Dahan-i-Tawa
(2 hamlets) Begal Takanas
Utiparghulak Pirkul i Takanas
Sar Takhak Begal Takanas
Sang Ispizak
(2 villages) Rustam Takanas
-
Total 157
11. Surshuri
8 small villages Kam-i-Yarka Takanas 5 0
12. Tarnuk
Tarnuk Baikah Takanas 2 0
Sar-i-Dasht Neka Baikah Takanas 20
-
Total 9 0
13. Naitak
Naitak
Kala Tezao
Pir Kuli Takanas
Yangur Hazaras
-
Total 60
14. Sabz Dara
Surkhbed
DO-A0
Dumi Dasht
Mi ant i k
Legu
Mian Deh
Gi rd Walang
Pi t a o Kala
Si ah Deh
Shahrah
Kham-i-Aba Hazaras
-
Tot al 100
Thi s s ubdi vi s i on pr ope r l y bel ongs t o Kham-i-Aba. I t is under Mir
Farz A l i Beg, who l i ve s a t Legu. H e is of t h e family of Mehdi Beg
of Dahan-i-Marg h i (see Khan-i-Aba s ubdi s t r i c t ) , but is father-i-law
of I l khani Muhammad Ami r , and pays h i s r evenue t hr ough t h e latter.
The t ot a l popul at i on f o t h e Yak Walang s ubdi s t r i c t , including Sabz
Dar is 1, 229 fami l i es, of whom 10 only are Taj i ks, t h e remainder
bei ng all Hazaras.
The Ilk hani ' s r evenue j ur i s di ct i on onl y e x t e n d s over t h e subdistrict
(1885).
2. The Tagao Sai ad Subdi s t r i c t
1. Tagao Sai ad
Tarachi
Ghunda Sang
Kham-i-Aftana
G i rd-Bed
Na i shahar
Kala Kazi
Kala Shah Bunyad
Naiak Pai n
Naiak Bald
Kuchkak Akkundan
Kuchkak-i-Saiadan
Gi dar Guj ui ( oppos i t e
Dehan-i-Band-i-Amir)
Hazara 10
5
10
5
5
15
2 0
50
20
Mullas* 10
15
Hazara Sayyi ds 18
-
Tot al 183
*These peopl e a r e not Sayyi ds, nor Hazaras.
2. Dara A l i
Siahbumak Neka Hazaras
Zi a r a t (1)
n II
Zi ar at ( 2)
I1 II
Sabz ju Besud Hazaras
Nawar ju
I1 II
Deh M i r II
I1
Ut i pur I(
II
Sung Sayyi ds
Zarab Besud Hazaras
Kala Shah Akram Hazara Sayyi ds
Dobur j a
11
J arna k
II
Kala Shah Gaohar A l i
n
Kala Shah Mosan
I1
Kala Shah Nahang
n
Kala Shah Muhamnad Amin
II
Pushta Besud Hazaras
Chehi l Dukhtaran Neka Hazaras
Ala Kala Besud Hazaras
Sarbul ak (1) Sayyids
Sarbulak (2) Neka Hazaras
3. Fi rozbahar
Rashk
Pi t ao
Kala Miana ( or Kala
Safeda)
Ghulam Khwaja
Fi rozbahar (2 f o r t s
and vi l l a ge s )
Gaobargi
Namadak
Hauz-i-Shah
Tot al
Besud Hazaras
Neka Hazaras
Besud Hazaras
Mixed Hazara Sayyi ds
and Hazaras
Mixed Hazara Sayyids
and Hazaras
Hazara Sayyids
Hazara Sayyi ds
Hazara Sayyids
-
Tot al 175
4. Band-i-Amir vi l l a ge s
Kupruk Hazara Sayy i ds
J a r ukashan Hazara Sayyids
Kala Sabzal Hazara Sayyi ds
Deokhana Hazara Sayyids
Gumao Hazara Sayyi ds
Kutak Hazara Sayyids
Tot al
Total popul at i on of t h e Tagao Sayyid s ubdi s t r i c t , 779 fami l i es, al l
Hazara Sayyids and Hazaras, except t he few "Akhunds" a t Kuchkak.
Shah Raza Baksh is c hi e f of t h e Sayyi ds, and is al s o r es pons i bl e f o r
t he revenue of t he s ubdi s t r i c t . H e l i ve s a t Naiak i n Tagao Sayyid.
3. The Sar-i-Kol Subdi s t r i c t
1. Sar-i-Kol and adj acent
Munar (Minar?)
Kargar (Kharghar)
Larbuzan
Urburgat
I s f i r ah
Zobak
Kata Kala Pai nt Bal a
Chahar Diwali
Kaogan
Rahkol
Sehpaksah
Dobur j a
Sagdao
Joshanak
Khakchag i r
Alwakol
Siahshangak
gl ens.
Neka Hazaras
Sayyids
Sayyids
Neka Hazaras
Kham-i-Aba Hazaras
Sayy i ds
Mixed Hazaras
I 1 II
II II
Gaoshak Bacha Ghulam
(Dai Zangis)
Neka Hazaras
M i xed Hazaras
Taraghai Yangurs
Neka Hazaras
Yangur Hazaras
n n
n 81
S iahbumak
Besud Hazaras 15
Bedak
Yangur Hazaras 8
Shudo sh Neka Hazaras 25
Ziarat-i-Shah Barhana Sayyids 6
Nao Dost Neka Hazaras 8
Zard Sang
I1 I1
30
-
Tot al 334
Outlying pl aces of t he Sar-i-Kol s ubdi s t r i c t
1. Tagao Gharak
Ulangak Neka Hazaras 2 0
Kal t at op
II I1
2 5
Gharak
I1 I1
2 0
-
Tot al 65
2. Zardgah (Zard-i-gao of
map), nor t heast of Band-i-Amir
Zardgah (Khas) Neka Hazaras 30
Khakdao
I1 I1
30
Deh Bebud
II I1
12
-
Tot al 7 2
3. Siahkak
Karakhawl
Siahkak
Neka Hazaras 5
11 I1
10
-
Tot al 15
The t ot al popul at i on of t h e Sar-i-Kol s ubdi s t r i c t is 485 families,
all Hazaras. Thi s does not i ncl ude t wo vi l l ages i n Fi rozbahar, which
belong t o Sar-i-Kol.
The chi ef of Sar-i-Kol is Mir Murtaza Beg, of t h e l l khani l s family
(a cousin?). He col l ect s t h e r evenue of t h e s ubdi s t r i c t , and remits
it t o t h e Hakim of Barnian.
4. The Kham-i-Aba Subdi s t r i ct
T h i s s ubdi s t r i ct , whi ch is on t h e r i ver below Yak Walang, is princi-
pally popul at ed by Hazaras of Dai Zangi s t oc k, who a r e known as
"Kham-i-Abas." Kham-i-Aba is under st ood t o be t h e name of t h e dis-
t r i c t , s i gni f yi ng "Bend of t h e water" (as Kham-i-ab on t h e Ox u s ) , in
al l usi on t o t h e winding nat ure of t h e ri ver. "Kamal on t h e ot her hand
is t h e word Kaum, "a t r i be, " or t r i b a l di vi s i on, pr onounced i n
Hazara fashi on, as bam is always pronounced bum,
They a r e s ai d t o be di vi ded i nt o t he fol l owi ng s ect i ons :
Kirigu Kam-i-Sadat Kam-i-Idah
Halwakhor Kam-i-Mattal
Beg A l i Kam- i-Sabur i
Also, concerni ng t h e above, t h e "Mir" s ect i on (Khan Khel), which is
s ubdi vi de d i n t o Kalanni ( e l d e r br a nc h) and ~ h u r d a k z i (Juni or
branch). ~ e h d i - b e g , Kurban Beg, etc., bel ong t o t h e former, and Faiz
of Sabz Dara t o t h e l at t er . Mehdi Beg' s own family is called
Lukhman Khani, from hi s grandfather, Lukhman Khan.
The s ubdi s t r i ct pr oper l y begi ns at , and i ncl udes , Sabz Dam; but
t ha t gl en now bel ongs t o Yak Walang, under t h e per s onal aut hor i t y
t h e Il khani .
The fol l owi ng are t h e vi l l ages of Kham-i-Aba, wi t h t he i r popuLation:
etc. :
Vi l l a ge s I nha bi t a nt s Fami l i es
Sachak Kam-i-Sadat
Khwaja Bedak
Chahi l bur j Sabur i
Sokht agi Mat t al
Dahan Zul i ch Halwakhor
Ki l i gan f o r t and Ki r i gu
v i l l a g e Ki r i gu
aha an-i-Dara Chasht Gangsu*
Si ah Dara Halwakhor
Maghspartao Mingak*
Idah
Dahab-i-Marghi Beg A l i
Al l akah Uzbaks**
Nobala Marghi: Kham-i-
Gumba t Idad
Puza Asi a, Khalaf Shi r Beg A l i
Do-ai Shah Kadam Kal anzai
Khwaja Kaushah !I
Amrutak
I1
Tot a l 425
* The s e a r e not , pr ope r l y s pe a ki ng, Kham-i-Abas. The Mingak Hazaras
a r e most l y i n t h e Balk-Ab d i s t r i c t whi ch is n e x t below Kham-i-Aba.
**The pe opl e of Allakah i n t h e Balkh-Ab d i s t r i c t a r e Hazaras. The
Uzbaks h e r e ment i oned may have come from Allakah a t some t i m e or
ot her . They a r e pr obabl y t h e most s o u t h e r n col ony of t h a t r ace.
Mehdi Beg is c h i e f of t h e Kham-i-Aba s u b d i s t r i c t , but havi ng be e n
cont umaci ous i n 1883-84, h e was de pr i ve d of t h e g r e a t e r p a r t of h i s
a ut hor i t y, and now onl y c o l l e c t s t h e r e ve nue of Marghi ( t h a t is,
Dahan-i-Marghi and Nobala Marghi). The o t h e r pl a c e s a r e s ai d t o pay
d i r e c t t o Bamian.
The pe opl e of t h e Kham-i-Aba s u b d i s t r i c t g o i nt o "ai l aks" e ve r y
s pr i ng and summer, wi t h t h e i r f l oc ks . Thi s is not t h e c a s e i n o t h e r
pa r t s of Yak Walang.
5. Baharak or Ghorband
Thi s is a s m a l l Sayyid d i s t r i c t n e x t below Kham-i-Aba, of whi ch it
may be c ons i de r e d t o form a par t , and is t h e l a s t of Bamian i n t h i s
di r ect i on, t h e Balk h-Ab d i s t r i c t of Tur ki s t a n commencing below Su-
l i j .
The f ol l owi ng is a list of vi l l ages , wi t h t h e i r i nha bi t a nt s , etc.:
V i 1 l a ge s I nha bi t a nt s Fami 1 ies
Jaozar i Hazara Sayyi ds 5
Gawara Sang I~ II 15
Ghorband and Baharak II 11 5 0
Sul i j !I In 12
-
Tot a l 8 2
Sayyid Zulf A l i and Saiad Kurban a r e t h e c h i e f men, e a c h havi ng
about hal f t h e s ubdi s t r i c t .
Abst r act of popul at i on i n t h e Yak Walang
d i s t r i c t :
Yak Walang 1, 229 Fami 1 ies
Tagao Sayyid
779
Sar i-Kol
Kham- i -Aba
Baharak
Tot a l 3,000 Fa mi l i e s
The s e a r e pr act i cal l y all Hazaras, t h e ve r y smal l number of Tajiks,
Uzbaks md Akhunds being not worth counting.
The d i s t r i c t is sai d t o have been al ways q u i e t and w e l l or de r e d, and
t o have pai d its r evenue wi t hout di f f i c ul t y. The late I l kha ni seems
t o have been c h i e f and Hakim of t h e whol e, a s was a l s o t h e pr es ent
I l khani , Muhammad A m i r Khan, unt i l a f t e r t h e a c c e s s i on of Ami r Abdul
Rahman, when t h e d i s t r i c t was s ubdi vi de d, and t h e I l kha ni is now
di r e c t l y r e s pons i bl e onl y f o r h i s own s u b d i s t r i c t of Yak Walang.
Ne ve r t he l e s s h e is a pe r s on of c ons i de r a bl e i nf l ue nc e , and i n 1885-
86 was f r e que nt l y a t Bamian, whe r e h e a c t e d a s a s o r t of de put y t o
t h e Hakim Jan Muhammad Khan. Of c o u r s e t h i n g s may be d i f f e r e n t with
a not he r Governor. A s above s t a t e d , Shah Raza Baksh c ol l e c t s t h e
r evenue of t h e Tagao Sayyid s u b d i s t r i c t , and Murtaza Beg t h a t of t h e
Sar-i-Kol, whi l e Mehdi Beg would have t h e c h a r g e of Kham-i-Aba, if
he had not misconducted himself.
Revenue: Revenue is l e vi e d i n t h i s d i s t r i c t , a c c or di ng t o t h e Hazara
cust om, on l andowner s; t h e d e h kans, who a r e non-l andowni ng t enant s
and l abour er s , payi ng not hi ng. A s a ge ne r a l r ul e, t h e as s es s ment
a ppe a r s t o be by h o u s e s (i.e., f ami l i es) ; b u t t h e I l kha ni is under-
s t ood t o l evy t h e r evenue of h i s s u b d i s t r i c t on l a nds .
The pr opor t i on of l a ndowne r s is l a r ge , f o u r - f i f t h s o r t hr e e - f our t hs
of t h e whole. Thus in t h e Yak Walang s u b d i s t r i c t t h e r e a r e sai d t o
be about 1, 000 l andowni ng f ami l i es o u t of a popul at i on of 1,229
f ami l i es .
The t ot a l r evenue of t h e d i s t r i c t is s t a t e d t o be 18, 000 ~ a b u l i
r upees . Thi s, however , a p p e a r s t o be e x c l u s i v e o f K ham-i-Aba and
Baharak. The r evenue of t h e s e pl a c e s is n o t e xa c t l y known, but t ha t
of Marg hi , f o r whi ch Mehdi Beg is now al one r e s pons i bl e , is s t a t e d
t o be 20 tomans, or 400 Kabuli r upe e s , l e vi e d a t t h e r a t e of 14, 1st
and 16 kr ans pe r h o u s e (family?) on l andowner s. The t o t a l r evenue of
Kham-i-Aba and Baharak may t h e r e f o r e be assumed t o be about 2,000
Kabuli r upe e s .
The I l kha ni ' s "muajib" is sai d t o have been or i gi nal l y 4,000 ~ a b u l i
r upe e s . Thi s was when h e had c h a r g e of t h e whol e d i s t r i c t . H e now
g e t s onl y 500 Kabulis, pai d out of t h e r evenue. The smal l er Mirs
also used t o g e t something, but now r ecei ve not hi ng, while t hey have
t o pay r evenue on t h e i r l a n d s whi ch were f or mer l y f r e e . I t appear s
t o be Hazara cust om f o r a l l members of t h e " mi r " s e c t i on, or c h i e f ' s
family, t o hol d t h e i r l a nds f r e e of any r evenue.
The I l khani ha s 300 s owa r s ( f o r whi ch t h e ol d al l owance was part l y
i nt ende?) . They a r e now pai d by some s m a l l r emi ssi on of r evenue.
Shah Raza Baksh, of Tagao Sayyi d, us ed a l s o t o g e t a l a r g e "muajib-"
H e now r e c e i ve s 400 r upe e s , but is s ai d t o have 400 s owa r s paid in
t h e same way a s t h o s e of t h e I l khani .
Murtaza Beg is sai d t o have no al l owance, and no sowar s.
The l evy of t h e d i s t r i c t is t h e r e f o r e 700 sowar s. They a r e of l i t t l e
val ue, e x c e p t f o r pos t a l s e r v i c e and t h e l i ke .
Pr oduce and Suppl i es : The d i s t r i c t gr ows a c ons i de r a bl e amount of
wheat and bar l ey in its f e r t i l e gl e ns , a l s o a little f r u i t , and some
small quant i t y of ga r de n pr oduce. The pe opl e have a good many small
h o r s e s and poni es, and a l s o c a t t l e . Sh e e p a r e not numerous, e xc e pt
in t h e Kham-i-Aba s ubdi s t r i c t .
The dark-brown "Dai-Zangi" barak is made in t h e d i s t r i c t (as also
by some of t h e Hazaras of Bamian), and is a ppr e c i a t e d a t Kabul. The
"gi l i ms " of t h e d i s t r i c t , p a r t i c u l a r l y t h o s e o f Kham-i-Aba, a r e
famous, and f i nd a r e a dy sal e.
The main r oad from Bamian t o Daulat Yar, etc., r uns up t h e Zari and
~ a k k a k g l e n s t o t h e Bakkak Kotal. Suppl i e s can be c o l l e c t e d a t
Kalandran, from Zari, Deh Sur k h, Kanak, and Sh u r s hur i , s u f f i c i e n t
f or one Kabuli caval r y r e gi me nt ( equi val ent t o 2 s q u a d r o n s of our
Native caval r y on Kabul s cal e) f o r one month. Thi s wi t h eas e. Also
a t Bakkak from Si ah Dara, Naitak, Chahar Deh, etc., t o near l y t h e
same amount.
From t h e Tagao Sayyi d s u b d i s t r i c t s u p p l i e s f o r one Kabuli caval r y
r egi ment f o r ni ne da ys can be c ol l e c t e d, and
p u t on t h e r oad whi ch
r uns t h r o u g h it.
A t Fi r ozbahar can be c ol l e c t e d, from t h e Sar-i-Kol s ubdi s - t r i c t ,
s uppl i e s f o r one Kabuli caval r y r e gi me nt f o r e i g h t days.
Down t h e r i ver , i n c a s e of a de t a c hme nt bei ng r e qui r e d t o g o by t h a t
road, s u p p l i e s can be c ol l e c t e d a t t h e f ol l owi ng pl aces .
A t Sabz Dara, from Kiligan and Sabz Dara, 60 kha r wa r s of bar l ey and
20 khar war s of wheat . Barl ey is l a r ge l y gr own a t Sabz Dara, and
bhusa is s a i d t o be more abundant i n pr opor t i on a t Kiligan t ha n
el sewhere.
A t Sachak, from Sabz Dara and Sachak, 35 kha r wa r s of bar l ey and 1 5
kharwars of wheat.
A t Sokht a gi , 20 kha r wa r s of bar l ey and 1 5 of wheat .
A t Dahan-i-Marghi, 20 kha r wa r s of bar l ey and 15 of wheat .
In o t h e r wor ds, a d e p o t mi ght be f or med a t Fi r ozbahar , Kochi nak,
(Kochinak or Koh ki nak, near Kara Khawal, whe r e t h e r oad from G hazni ,
over t h e Zard Zang pa s s , t o Band-i-Amir, and t h e r oad from Bamian
t o Daulat Yar, c r o s s e a c h ot her . ) or Band-i-Amir, cont ai ni ng t h e
f ol l owi ng amount s, c ol l e c t e d from t h e whol e d i s t r i c t :
Wheat
maunds
From Yak Walang s u b d i s t r i c t 7 50
From Tagao Sayyi d s u b d i s t r i c t 110
From Sara-i-Kol s u b d i s t r i c t 100
From Kham-i-Aba s u b d i s t r i c t 1, 040
Tot al
Bar l e y
maunds
2,700
400
360
2,480
If a f o r c e of one Br i t i s h I ndi an i nf a nt r y di vi s i on, wi t h its a r t i l -
l e r y and caval ry, and an a t t a c h e d caval r y br i ga de of t wo r e gi me nt s ,
( r oughl y es t i mat ed a t 4,000 combat ant s, 12, 000 f ol l owe r s , 2,000
hor s e s , and 5,000 mul es and poni es. ) were pa s s i ng t h r o u g h t h e di s -
t r i c t , t h e above amount s would s upl y r at i ons- - f or men, f o r 3 days ;
f or animals, 13 o r 14 days.
The amount s a r e gi ven on t h e a ut hor i t y of t h e d i s t r i c t of f i c i a l s .
Probably more wheat mi ght be obt ai ned. The r e a r e s u f f i c i e n t m i l l s t o
gr i nd it, i f t h i s i s done l ocal l y, but 15 t o 20 da ys s houl d be
al l 0 w e d f o r gr i ndi ng and col l ect i on.
Ghi in pr opor t i on t o at a mi ght be f or t hcomi ng from t h e Kham-i-Aba
s ubdi s t r i c t . Def i ci enci es can be made up f r om Besud, t h e c ount r y
s out h of t h e Band-i-Baba--w h e r e it is pr oduc e d i n l a r g e qua nt i t i e s .
Grass is abundant i n t h e Yakh Walang val l ey; and ba gga ge ani mal s
would f i nd gr azi ng i n most p a r t s of t h e d i s t r i c t i n s p r i n g and
sumner .
BAMI AN &&
34-49 67-49. Bamian, is t h e name of a t own and wol eswal i i n t h e
Bamian pr ovi nce.
The woleswaLi c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 2,178 s q u a r e
k i l o me t e r s a nd h a s an a g r i c u l t u r a l p o p u l a t i o n wh i c h h a s b e e n
var i ousl y es t i mat ed by var i ous Af ghan s o u r c e s a t from 13,549 t o
14,180. The wol eswal i is bounded i n t h e w e s t by Yakowlang, and i n
t h e nor t h by Sai ghan, i n t h e e a s t by Shi bar d i s t r i c t s , and i n t he
s out h by Oruzgan and Maidan pr ovi nces. Bamian h a s a bout 58 vi l l ages
of whi ch about 10 have more t ha n 500 i nha bi t a nt s . The vi l l ages are
l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows: Gul est an, Aqr ubat , Gunbad, Shahidan
( Shai dan) , Bari ki , Darwaza-i-Shahidan, Ladu, Kh waja Hasan, Jum Qala,
Dahan-i-Jaw Palal, Bam Saraye, Ber suna wa Si yah Khak, Paye Kotal
( Ti kar ) , Taj ek, Tupchi , Che r a s t ug hi , Sar-i-Qo1,Joye Shahr , Tibuti,
J agr a Khel, Haidarabad, She be r t u, Sh e r Qad (Shew Qad) , Fatmasti,
Qazan, Qar g hanat u, Qaf e l a Bas hi , Miyana Qol-i-Surk h j oy (Kata Sang),
Kat uri (Katwaye), Gorwan, Lala Khel, Mulayan, Miyana Quad (Miyana
Qad-i-Tiker) , Naurozi, Dahudi, Katuk-o-Tiker (Katuk) , Dost Beg (Fo-
l adi ) , Khosh Rak-i-Jadra (Khush kak-i-Chap Dara) , Kham-i-Kelak, Kh wa-
ja Roshnai wa Bersuna, Khor Lankash ( Khol ankash) , Dahan-i-Ahangaran,
Dokani, Dasht-i-Isa Khan, Zekr i ya wa Borg ha s t un, Sar Asiab, Sar
Ahangaran (Ahangaran-i-Kalu), Sur k h dar , Sabzak, Somara, Siyah Layak,
Sayyi dabad, Faqi r ga, Tangi Bariki, Miyan-i- Wilayat, Zut i , Za w jak,
Sul t an, Minara, Kamati, and Char dehi . (LWA) I n 1914, t h i s ar ea was
de s c r i be d a s f ol l ows:
A d i s t r i c t on t h e nor t h s i d e of t h e Koh-i-Baba. I t c o n s i s t s of a
l ong, d e e p val l ey i mmedi at el y a t t h e f o o t of t h e nor t he r n s p u r s of
t h e main r ange, wi t h all t h e g l e n s and r a vi ne s r unni ng i nt o it.
Nort h it is bounded by t h e Doab and Sai ghan d i s t r i c t s ; e a s t by
Shai kh A l i count r y; and s out h by Besud. I t s we s t e r n boundar y is t h e
wat er s hed bet ween t h e Bamian st r eam and t h e s o u r c e s of t h e Rud-i-
Band-i-Amir, whi ch dr a i ns t h e Yak Walang d i s t r i c t . Yak Walang,
peopl ed by Takana Dai Zangi s, and t h e whol e Dai Zangi count r y, were
under t h e j ur i s di ct i on of t h e Gover nor of Bamian i n 1886, and are
probabl y still a t t a c he d t o t h e d i s t r i c t . They a r e s e pa r a t e l y de-
s c r i be d under t h e i r own he a di ngs , whi l e s t a t i s t i c s of t h e popula-
t i on, r e s our c e s , etc., of Bamian pr ope r . Yak Walang, and t h e Dai
Zangi count r y w i l l be f ound under "Bamian ( d i s t r i c t ) ."
The cl i mat e is s e v e r e in wi nt er , t h e el evat i on r oughl y rangi ng
bet ween 7,000' and 11, 000' i n t h e i nha bi t e d pa r t s . Kala Sar kar i is
8, 350t , Ka r gha na t u 10, 84St , Ak Roba t 9, 95S1, a nd Kala ~ a r w e s h
9,300' . Lower down t h e Bamian st r eam, Jal mi sh is 6,630' .
For t s, or hi gh walled vi l l ages , a r e s c a t t e r e d up and down t h e val-
l ey, but t h e r e is no c e nt r a l aggl omer at i on of h o u s e s whi ch coul d be
cal l ed t h e t own of Bamian. Looki ng e a s t from t h e Kham Kotal (11,660
feet) on t h e Bamian-Band-i-Amir wat er - shed, Maitland d e s c r i b e s t he
ge ne r a l a s p e c t of t h e c ount r y a s bl eak and bar r en, t h e Bamian valley
l yi ng i n a d e e p hol l ow b e f o r e him bet ween t h e snowy h e i g h t s of t he
Koh-i-Baba on t h e r i g h t and t h e Koh-i-Ghandak on t h e l e f t . The road
l eadi ng e a s t from t h e Kotal r uns a c r o s s t h e dr a i na ge of sever al
l a r ge i nhabi t ed gl e ns , and r e a c h e s Kala Sar kar i , t h e c e nt r e of
Bamian, a t 27 mi l e s . 9-1/2 miles l ower down, j u s t bel ow t h e mouth
of t h e Kal u gl en, t h e val l ey r uns a br upt l y t o t h e nor t h, and becomes
a narrow d e f i l e , known a s t h e Ao Dara. A t Nagara Khana t h e ~ami an
and Sai ghan s t r e a ms uni t e, whi l e t h e Kamard comes i n a t DO&-i-
Mekhzari , t h e r i ve r t h u s f or med bei ng a t f i r s t known a s t h e ~ u r k h a b
and a f t e r wa r d s a s t h e Aksarai or Kunduz. Near Kah s a r ka r i t he
wi dt h of t h e val l ey is about hal f a mile; t h e st r eam is shal l ow in
autumn and onl y a f ew ya r ds wide.
The most i mpor t ant r out e s whi ch t r a v e r s e t h e d i s t r i c t a r e t h e main
Kabul - ~ur ki s t an r oad, via t h e Shi bar and Katar Sum pa s s e s ; the
Kabul-Hajigak and Kabul-Irak r oads; and t h e Yak Walang road t o
DauZat Yar. Ot her r oads , from t h e nor t h, a r e t h e Cha p Kolak, four
d i f f i c u l t p a t h s over t h e Ghandak Koh, and t h e Zarsang r oad; but
s out h t h e oh-i-Baba f or ms an al most i mpenet r abl e bar r i er , and, wi t h
t h e e xc e pt i on of t h e I r ak, Haj i gak, and t h e Kotal-i-Kafzar i n t h e
s o u t h e a s t c or ne r , t h e r e is no pr a c t i c a bl e r out e. Thus it w i l l be
s e e n t h a t al l t h e r o a d s from t h e pr i nc i pa l p a s s e s ove r t h e Koh-i-
Baba t o Kabul uni t e near Zohak, and t h e s t r a t e g i c val ue of t h e
pos i t i on f ul l y a c c ount s f o r t h e a nc i e nt p r e s t i g e of t h a t r ui ne d
f o r t r e s s . The i mpor t ance of Bamian is t h e r e f o r e d u e t o its posi -
t i on, a s a f o r c e l oc a t e d t h e r e would c ove r t h e gr oup of p a s s e s
ment i oned above, and would command t h e main r o u t e from Tur ki s t a n t o
t h e Af ghan capi t al .
Regar di ng t h e i nha bi t a nt s of Bamian, Maitland g i v e s t h e f ol l owi ng
i nformat i on: "Omitting t h e s e (i.e., t h e Dai Zangi s of t h e Dai Zangi
and Yak Walang d i s t r i c t s ) , t h e popul at i on of Bamian p r o p e r is f our -
f i f t h s Hazara, ver y little beyond t h e a c t ua l narrow val l ey bei ng
hel d by t h e Taj i ks and Sayyi ds ,
who c o n s t i t u t e t h e r emai nder of t h e
i nhabi t ant s. The n e x t d i s t r i c t nor t h of Bamian is t h a t of Sai ghan
and Kamard, whi ch be l ongs t o Af ghan Tur ki st an. The r e . ar e a f e w
Hazaras s e t t l e d i n Sai ghan, and t h e y gr a z e t h e i r f l o c k s a l l ove r t h e
hi l l s of t h e d i s t r i c t i n summer.
The Khat ai , or Darghan, Hazaras of Bamian
The e a s t e r n end of t h e Bamian d i s t r i c t is oc c upi e d by a t r i b e of
Hazaras who or i gi nal l y l i ve d i n Besud, b u t a bout a hundr e d ye a r s a g o
c r os s e d t h e wa t e r s he d and e s t a bl i s he d t he ms e l ve s i n t h e i r p r e s e n t
l ocat i on. To t h e compi l er t h e y s p o k e of t he ms e l ve s a s ~ h a t a i , b u t
Peacocke, who saw more of t hem, i nvar i abl y c a l l s t hem Darghan. A s a
mat t er of f a c t , t h e y a r e t h e ~ a r g h a n br anch of t h e ~ h a t a i t r i be .
The Khatai Hazaras a r e one of t h e main or or i gi na l di vi s i ons of t h e
Hazaras, and t h e bul k of t hem, who a r e a l s o cal l ed ~ a b a l i , a r e
a d j a c e n t t o , o r p a r t l y i n, t h e Kandahar d i s t r i c t s of ~ i r i n a nd
Dehrawat (see "Hazaras").
The count r y of t h e Darghan or ~ h a t a i Hazaras pr i nci pal l y c o n s i s t s of
t h e l a r ge gl e ns of ~ d u , I r ak, and Bulola, whi ch l ead t o Kharzar i n
Besud and t h e main road from Kabul t o Bamian now p a s s e s over t h e
Hajigak a l t hough up t o t h e end of 1886 it was by t h e I r ak. Bot h
t h e s e r oa ds a r e c l os e d i n wi nt er , and t h e Shi bar is t h e n al one us e d.
Running e a s t from t h e Shi bar is t h e Dara Shai kh Al i , and nor t h of
t h e wat er s hed of t h e Bulola gl e ns is Jal mi sh, a l s o i nhabi t ed by
Shai kh A l i s , s o t h e Darghan Hazaras a r e t o some e x t e n t i n t e r p o s e d
bet ween t wo of t h e pr i nc i pa l l oc a t i ons of t h a t t r i be.
Kalu pr ope r e x t e n d s from t h e wa t e r s he d of t h e Hajigak and Kafzar
Kotals down t o Gumbat, and is a f e r t i l e val l ey f o r t h e most pa r t ,
hal f a miles wi de. Being t h e most t h i c k l y popul a t e d p a r t of t h e
Darghan Hazara count r y. I t a p p e a r s t o gi ve its name t o t h e whol e,
which is of f i c i a l l y known a s t h e Kalu s ubdi vi s i on of Bamian.
The el evat i on of t h e c ount r y gener al l y, t h a t is, of t h e i nha bi t e d
val l eys and gl e ns , is from 8, 000 t o 10, 000 f e e t . The r e seems t o be
a good de a l of cul t i vat i on c ons i de r i ng t h e mount ani ous na t ur e of t h e
di s t r i c t , and t h e pe opl e have some or c ha r ds . Be s i de s wheat , bar l ey,
and t h e usual pul s e s , c a r r o t s and t u r n i p s a r e gr own. The Dar ghani s
al so p o s s e s s f l o c k s of g o a t s and s h e e p , a f ew h o r s e s , and t h e aver -
a ge amount of c a t t l e .
They make barak, j hool s , khur z i ns , etc., l i k e most o t h e r Hazaras.
They l i ve in small f o r t s or walled vi l l a ge s al l t h e year r ound, and
d o not go t o ai l aks t o pa s t ur e . They d o not go t o Kabul or else-
wher e in wi nt er t o obt ai n empl oyment l i k e many o t h e r Hazaras; a t
l e a s t if t h e y do, it is in s m a l l numbers. Thi s may be t a ke n a s a
s i gn t h a t t h e y a r e f ai r l y w e l l o f f . Thei r d r e s s is much t h e same a s
t h a t of t h e i r Tajik ne i ghbour s , and t h e y a ppe a r t o be q u i e t and
unwarlike.
The fol l owi ng is a det ai l of t h e Darghan Hazaras by t he i r subdivi-
s i ons :
The Khatai, or Darghan, Hazaras of t he Bamian d i s t r i c t
NO. of
Sect i ons Location Farnil ies Remarks
Sha i kha Shi bar and 28 0 These 800 fami-
Bulola lies, a l l in
Shakh Bi r gi l i ch 120 t he Bulola and
Gud i Dara J ol a and 100 I r ak gl ens and
Dara Shambol t h e i r l a t e r a l
Khida I r ak, Some i n 300 r avi nes, ar e
Shambol and under Sayad
Bulola Baksh Khan of
t he Khi da
s ect i on.
Markadam Pai Huri , Jaokol , 190 These 270 fami-
and Kalu lies under
Ahingaran Ahingaran (and Sad- 80 Kal bi Husain
barg?) Khan.
Thkarachi Kalu and Lat eral 200 Th e s e 330 fam-
gl ens i l i es under
Khwa j a Upper Kalu 130 Ghulam Haidar
J ama Khan.
Tot al 1,400 Fami 1 ies
The above f ol l ows Subadar Muhammad Husain' s list more cl osel y than
t h a t a t page 412 of Volume 4, and, a f t e r car ef ul l y col l at i ng all
t h e i nf or mat i on avai l abl e, it is be l i e ve d t o be near l y cor r ect .
Only t h e s ect i ons ar e probably more mixed t han is appar ent from t he
t abl e.
Kalbi Husain is chi ef of t h e whole, and in t h e t i m e of Sher A l i was
r es pons i bl e f or t h e e nt i r e revenue of t h e s ubdi s t r i ct . B u t since
Abdul Rahman became Amir, he has been depr i ved of aut hor i t y over dl
but a small por t i on of hi s peopl e. H e appear s in f a c t t o have only
l ower Kalu: Ghulam Haidar Khan has upper Kalu, whi l e a majority of
t h e whole t r i be l i vi ng in Bulola, Irak, etc., a r e under Sayad Baksh
Khan.
According t o Subadar Muhammad Husain, t h e r evenue t aken from t he
Darghan Hazaras amounts t o 7,000 Kabuli r upees , whi ch is payable i n
cash not in kind.
Ot her Hazaras of Bamian: On t h e s out h s i d e of t h e Bamian valley are
sever al l ar ge gl ens running up t o t h e crest of t h e and-i-Baba. The
Largest and most i mport ant is t h e Dara Fauladi, t h e l ower port i on of
which is known a s Tagao Tajik. The l a t t e r is i nhabi t ed by TajikSt
and t h e former is occupi ed by Fauladi Hazaras, no doubt a branch of
t hos e of Malistan and U j ari st an elsew her e des cr i bed. Li t t l e is
known of them e xc e pt t ha t t he y number 1,000 fami l i es and t ha t t hei r
Chi ef , Mir Baba Beg, was in confi nement a t Kabul in 1885-86, and had
not been heard of f or a l ong while.
A s hor t di s t ance e a s t of t h e Dara Fauladi is Tagao sayyi dabad, which
cont ai ns about 200 fami l i es of Hazaras, appar ent l y mixed. About 100
families of mixed Hazaras ar e also found a t Gumbat and Ak Robat1
which are a t t h e head of Bamian on t h e road8 l eadi ng t o Saighanl
al so over t h e wat er shed, in t h e Saighan di s t r i c t , a t ~ h a p k o b k r
Naorak, Ghorao, etc., are about 125 fami l i es of Hazaras, some of
w horn ate Pauhd is.
Going
westward from Bamian by t h e main road t o Herat via Daulat Yarr
which pas s es t hr ough Yak Walanq, t h r e e val l eys are cr os s ed, all
whi ch dr ai n t o t h e Bamian st r eam. The s e are Shahi dan, Shi bar t u, and
Karghanatu. They a r e a l l i nha bi t e d e xc l us i ve l y by Hazaras. Thos e
of Shahi dan a r e Yangur Dai Zangi s (150 f ami l i es) ; t h o s e of Shi bar t u
ar e Khubzat Faul adi s (90 f ami l i es) ; and t h o s e of Kar ghanat u a r e
Shahgum Beg Hazaras, who a r e s u p p o s e d t o be Takana Dai Zangi s, but
have now little t o d o wi t h t h e Takanas of Yak Walang.
Finally, about t h e head of Sai ghan, a t and above Sayyi d Baba, i n t h e
gl ens cal l ed Khar gi n o r Begal and Ao Dara, a r e a bout 80 f ami l i es of
Begal Hazaras, who a r e a l s o Takanas.
None of t h e above a r e of s u f f i c i e n t i mpor t ance t o merit a s p e c i a l
des cr i pt i on. They d r e s s much l i k e t h e Taj i ks.
They all a ppe a r ve r y
qui et , peaceabl e f ol k.
Ther e a r e no Hazaras s e t t l e d i n Kamard, a l t h o u g h many p a s t u r e over
t h e hi l l s i n summer.
The f ol l owi ng t a bl e s h o ws t h e t o t a l number of Hazaras i n Bamian
proper and Sai g han:
Tot a l Hazaras of Bamian and Sai ghan
District Tr i be Locat i on Fami 1 ies
Bam i an Khat ai or Kalu, I r a k and Bulo- 1, 400
d i s t r i c t of Darghan Haz- l a gl e ns , a l l e a s t
t he Kabul a r a s * of t h e Bamian Val l ey
Provi nce.
Di t t o Polada** Pol ada 1, 000
Sai ghan, which Pol ada Chapkolak and 2 5
bel ongs t o Naorak
Afghan Turki -
s t a n
Bamian (Kubzat Sec- Shi ba r t u 9 0
t i o n )
Di t t o Yangur Dai Shahi dan 150
Zangi s* **
Di t t o Shahgum Beg Karghanatu 135
Takana Dai
Zangis****
Saighan Begal Beg ~ h a r g i n and Ao Dara 8 0
Takana Dai w e s t of Sai ghan va l l e y.
Zang is
Bamian Mixed Hazar- Sai yi dabad gl en, s out h 300
a s of ~ a mi a n va l l e y; Gumbat
and Ak Robat, west of
t h e same.
Saighan Mixed Hazar- Ghorao and Sur khshahar , 100
a s s out h of Sai ghan va l l e y.
Tot a l 3,280
Fami 1 ies
*Mir Kalbi Husain was t h e nominal Chi ef of t h e Darg han Hazaras, i n
1908. **Mir Baba Beg was Chi ef of Faul adi s, but was i n pr i s on a t
Kabul i n 1805-86. ***Total of Faul adi s, 1, 115 f ami l i es. Mir A t a Beg
was head of bot h Shahi dan and Shi bar t u i n 1885-86. ****Total of
Takanas, 215 f ami l i es.
I t w i l l be obs er ved t h a t of t h e above t o t a l of 3,280 f ami l i es, 3, 075
ar e in t h e Bamian d i s t r i c t and onl y 205 i n Sai ghan. I f t o t h e 3, 075
fami l i es w e a dd t h e 1, 000 f ami l i es of Sadmarda Sha i kh Alis i n Jal-
mish, it br i ngs up t h e t o t a l t o over 4,000 f ami l i es of Hazaras i n
Bamian, whi l e t h e Tajik and Sayyi d popul at i on of t h a t d i s t r i c t is
j ust about 1, 200 f ami l i es.
Banian is r emar kabl e f o r some of t h e most e xt r a or di na r y relics of
ant i qui t y; its c ol os s a l i dol s , its caves , and t h e r ui ns of Zohak and
Gulghulah. These i dol s have been descr i bed by many t r avel l er s whose
s pe c ul a t i ons a s t o t h e i r or i gi n a r e somewhat a t var i ance. Burnes
says: "I t is by no means i mpr obabl e t h a t w e owe t h e i d o l s of Bamian
t o t h e c a pr i c e of some pe r s on of r ank, who r e s i d e d in t h i s cave-
di ggi ng nei ghbour hood, and s o u g h t f o r an i mmor t al i t y i n t h e col ossal
f i gur es which w e have now descr i bed ."
Masson a t t r i b u t e s t hem t o t h e Whi t e Huns, who c onque r e d Transoxian
and Khorasan about t h e f i f t h c e nt ur y of t h e Chr i s t i a n er a, but were
subsequently subdued by t h e Turkish hor des, and finally exterminated
by Changi z Khan. H e c o n s i d e r s t h e c a ve s t o have been catacoombs,
and t h e gi ga nt i c i mages i nt e nde d t o r e p r e s e n t i l l us t r i ous per sons
deceased.
Moorcroft , familiar wi t h t h e opi ni ons , f a i t h , pr a ge a nt r y and build-
i n g s of t h e Lamas of Thi bet , is of opi ni on t h a t Bamian was t h e
r e s i de nc e of a g r e a t Lama bear i ng t h e same r e l a t i on t h e Lamaism of
t h e west t h a t t h e Lama o f Lhassa d o e s now t o t h a t of t h e east ;
" t ha t t h o s e excavat i ons , whi ch were con- n e c t e d by means of galler-
ies and s t a i r c a s e s , c o n s t i t u t e d t h e acommodat i on of t h e hi gher
o r d e r s of t h e Lama c l e r gy, and t h a t t h e i ns ul a t e d c a ve s and cells
wer e t h e dwel l i ng- pl aces of t h e l ower c l a s s e s of t h e monast i c soci e-
t y, t h e monks and nuns, and h o s t e l s f o r vi s i t or s . The l a i t y inhab-
i t e d t h e adj oi ni ng city." On t h e whol e, it seems most pr obabl e t hat
t h e s e r e l i c s a r e of Budhi s t or i gi n, and t h i s be l i e f is count enanced
by t h e i r r esembl ance t o f i x t h e d a t e of f or mat i on of t h e i dol s , of
Bamian, i t s houl d be bor ne i n mind t h a t t h e y a r e nowhe r e descr i bed
by t h e Gr eek hi s t or i a ns , who, c u r s o r y a s t h e i r not i c e s on t h i s
count r y gener al l y a r e , coul d s c a r c e l y have f a i l e d t o ment i on such
ext r aor di nar y obj e c t s , i f e x i s t i n g dur i ng t h e Macedonian campaigns.
El phi ns t one, whos e opi ni ons seems t o be t h e b e s t s u p p o r t e d , at t r i -
but e t h e i d o l s and t h e c ont i guous c a ve s t o t h e Bu d h i s t Pr i nces of
Ghor, who r ul ed t h e oc unt r y bet ween Kabul and Per s i a i n t h e early
c e nt ur i e s of t h e Chr i s t i an era. They a r e not i c e d by Shari f-ud-di n
in h i s account of Timur Lang' s campai gns, and t h i s is pe r ha ps t he
e a r l i e s t a ut he nt i c e vi de nc e whi ch w e have r e s p e c t i n g them. They
wer e vi s i t e d by Maitland and Tal bot and t h e f ol l owi ng is Maitland' s
account of t hem, wr i t i ng form Kala Sar kar .
On t h e nor t h s i d e of t h e val l ey t h e c l i f f s a r e t ol e r a bl y cont i nuous,
and aver age p e r h a p s 300 f e e t i n h e i g h t , i ncl udi ng t h e br oke n ground
and d e b r i s s l o p e a t t h e i r f oot . ~t is i n t h e s e c l i f f s t h e famous
i dol s , t h e "Bhut-i-Bamian," a r e s c ul pt ur e d. They ar e, moreover,
l i t e r a l l y hone yc ombe d wi t h c a v e s f o r ne a r l y hal f t h e i r hei ght .
Caves a r e a l s o f ound in t h e d e b r i s s l o p e a t t h e bot t om. The en-
t r a nc e s of t h e caves a r e o f t e n p r o t e c t e d by mud w a l l s , and a st r ag-
gl i ng s o r t of vi l l age e x t e n d s al l al ong t h e ba s e and on t h e sl ope-
Most of t h e caves a r e a l s o i nhabi t ed.
Facing t h e c l i f f , t h e l a r ge r of t h e t wo bi g i d o l s is t o t h e l eft ,
t h e o t h e r t o t h e r i g h t . They a r e about a qua r t e r of a m i l e apar t ,
and a r e bot h undoubt edl y Budhas, whi ch onc e be l onge d t o ~ u d h i s t
monas t er i es i n t h e a dj a c e nt r oc k chamber s. ( The s e gi ga nt i c f i gur e s
a r e pr act i cal l y i de nt i c a l in d e s i g n , dr a pe r y, and d e t a i l wi t h sta-
t u e s of Budha pr e s e r ve d in t h e Lahor e Museum.) Th e s e f i g u r e s are
s u p p o s e d , by t h e p r e s e n t i nhabi t ant s , t o be male and femal e, t hei r
h e i g h t s a r e r e s pe c t i ve l y 180 and 120 f e e t . They have names, t hos e
gi ven u s bei ng t h e same a s wer e r e c or de d by e a r l i e r t r a ve l l e r s , Sal
Sal f o r t h e l a r ge r f i g u r e and Shah Mama f o r t h e o t h e r . The Budhas
a r e s t a ndi ng f i gur e s , s c ul pt ur e d in ver y bol d r e l i e f , i n d e e p ni-
c h e s .
Bet ween t h e t wo l a r ge Budhas a r e or
r a t h e r were, t wo Smaller
one s al s o in ni ches .
The s e a r e e q u i d i s t a n t from t h e l a r g e one s and
from each ot he r ; t h a t is t o say, t h e r e is about 150 ya r ds between
e a c h of t h e ni c he s , g r e a t and small. The ni c he near er t o t h e l ar ge
f i g u r e whi ch I w i l l cal l No. 3, is t h e l a r g e s t ; i t is about 60 or
70 f e e t i n h e i g h t , and now empt y, t h o u g h a c l o s e i n s p e c t i o n s h o ws
f r a gme nt s o f t h e Budha whi c h onc e f i l l e d it. The o t h e r n i c h e (No.
4) is still o c c u p i e d by a s i t t i n g f i g u r e , whi c h is a bout 40 f e e t
hi gh, and is l ocal l y known a s t h e ba c ha o r c h i l d . The g e n e r a l s h a p e
of t h e n i c h e s is t h e same a s i n all c a s e s a s t h a t o f t h e so- cal l ed
f emal e f i g u r e (No. 2) is e v i d e n t l y u n f i n i s h e d , and t h e s h o u l d e r s a r e
not marked, nor t h e e d g e s smoot hed of f . The d e p t h of t h e ni ches of
t h e t wo l a r g e Budha s is a bout twice t h e t i c k n e s s o f t h e f i g u r e s
s t a ndi ng i n t hem. The l a t t e r a r e t h e r e f o r e f a i r l y w e l l p r o t e c t e d
from t h e we a t he r , whi c h pa r t l y a c c o u n t s f o r t h e i r e x c e l l e n t pr e -
s er vat i on, near l y all t h e damage d o n e t o t he m be i ng d y e t o t h e hand
of man. The whol e i n t e r i o r o f t h e n i c h e s , and pa r t i c ul a r l y t h e
a r c h e s ove r t h e h e a d s o f t h e f i g u r e s , ha ve be e n mar ked wi t h wh a t
appear t o have been al l egor i cal desi gns. Al t hough much damaged - i n
f a c t obl i t e r a t e d whe r e v e r t h e y coul d e a s i l y b e g o t a t - e n o u g h
r emai ns t o s how t h e g e n e r a l s t y l e of t h e wor k, whi c h is e x c e e d i n g l y
well e x e c u t e d and f or c i bl y r e mi nds one o f what is ge ne r a l l y unde r -
s t ood a s Byzant i ne a r t . I set t h e young na t i ve dr a ught s ma n a t wor k
t o c o p y a s much a s h e c oul d of t h e f r a gme nt s , a nd, i l l - s i t ua t e d a s
t h e y a r e f o r t h e p u r p o s e h e h a s s u c c e e d e d i n br i ngi ng away s ome
i n t e r e s t i n g bi t s .
The Budhas t h e ms e l v e s a r e r a t h e r cl ums y f i g u r e s he wn i n t h e t o u g h
congl omer at e r o c k , and a f t e r wa r d s t h i c k l y over l ai d wi t h s t u c c o , i n
whi ch all t h e d e t a i l s were e x e c u t e d . The s t u c c o a p p e a r s t o ha ve
been pa i nt e d, o r a t l e a s t pa i nt was u s e d i n some pl a c e s . The f ea-
t ur es of t h e f i gur e s have been pur posel y des t r oyed, t hough t h e mouth
of t h e l a r g e r o n e remai ns. On t h e o t h e r hand, t h e l e g s o f t h i s
f i g u r e have be e n pa r t l y knowc ke d away; it is s a i d by cannon s h o t
f i r e d a t it by Nadi r Shah. Bot h i d o l s a r e d r a p e d i n g a r me n t s r e a c h-
i ng t o bel ow t h e knee. The l i mbs and c ont our of t h e body s h o w
t h r o u g h , and t h e g e n e r a l e f f e c t o f musl i n is e x c e l l e n t l y i mmi t at ed
in t h e s t uc c o. Th e ar ms of b o t h a r e b e n t a t t h e el bow, t h e f or e a r ms
and ha nds p r o j e c t i n g , b u t t h e l a t t e r a r e now b r o k e n o f f . The f e e t
have a l s o be e n b a t t e r e d o u t o f s h a p e .
Narrow s t a i r wa ys , hewn i n t h e i n t e r i o r of t h e r o c k , l e a d u p f r om
cave t o cave, t o t h e h e a d s of t h e f i g u r e s , and e ve n t o t h e summi t o f
t h e hi l l . Two o f my men a c t ua l l y a s c e n d e d t o t h e t o p o f t h e s o-
cal l ed f emal e f i g u r e , and w e measur ed its h e i g h t by l e t t i n g down a
r ope. The u p p e r p a r t of t h e a s c e n t is not , howe ve r , ve r y eas y. Th e
head o f t h e l a r g e s t f i g u r e is now i na c c e s s i bl e , a por t i on o f t h e
s t ai r way havi ng f a l l e n wi t hi n t h e l a s t f e w ye a r s ; b u t it is s a i d t h e
summit of t h e c l i f f s can still be gai ned.
The caves , t h o u g h s o numer ous, a r e n o t l a r ge . By f a r t h e g r e a t
portion of them are chambers 1 2 or 16 f e e t squar e, wi t h domed r oof s.
I t hi nk, a s a r ul e , s e v e r a l c ha mbe r s o p e n i n t o e a c h o t h e r , and ha ve
a wi de p o r t i c o i n f r o n t , by whi c h t h e l i g h t is a dmi t t e d t o t h e
door ways. The l a t t e r have ge ne r a l l y r ound a r c h e s . The r e a r e cer-
t ai nl y no poi nt e d a r c h e s a nywhe r e , b u t s ome of t h e o p e n i n g s may b e
quar e- headed. The dome s a r e set on t h e f o u r s i d e d c ha mbe r s i n a
r emar kabl e manner, t h e s q u a r e be i ng r e d u c e d t o an oc t a gon by cor -
ni c e s , s p r i n g i n g i n tiers f r om t h e a ngl e s , i n unmi s t a ke a bl e imita-
t i on of br i c kwor k. I t is a ve r y c ur i ous f a c t t h a t a t Kandahar dome s
a r e t o t h i s day bui l t on s q u a r e c ha mbe r s i n e x a c t l y t h e same f a s h -
ion. W e not i c e d one r oof of a d i f f e r e n t ki nd: it was f l a t , and
di vi de d in f o u r by d e e p wi de c u t s c r o s s i n g e a c h o t h e r i n t h e c e n t r e .
Small c upol a s were he wn i n t h e c e n t r e of e a c h o f t h e s p a c e s and a t
t h e i n t e r s e c t i o n of t h e c u t s .
The l a r g e s t c a ve of all is s a i d t o b e t h a t whos e e n t r a n c e is b e t we e n
t h e f eet o f t h e Budha; b u t t h i s , wi t h s e v e r a l o t h e r o f t h e mos t
i nt e r e s t i ng c a ve s , is u s e d as a gove r nme nt s t o r e , and was f i l l e d
wi t h l uc e r ne , etc. W e saw no vi har a c a ve s , b u t s ome a r e sai d t o
exist.
A s above ment i oned, t h e maj or i t y of t h e c a v e s a r e i nhabi t ed.
1t is s ai d t h e y all were, a f e w y e a r s ago. To g e t h e r wi t h t h e mud
h u t s and h o u s e s be ne a t h, t h e y form t wo c o n t i g u o u s vi l l a ge s cal l ed
Daudi and ~ u g h l a n i , t h e l a t t e r be i ng i n t h e ne i ghbour hood of t h e
b i g g e s t f i gur e .
The i n t e r i o r s of t h e c a v e s a r e pl ai n, wi t h o u t s c u l p t u r a l ornamenta-
t i on and a r e now c ompl e t e l y smoke- bl ackened. Th e whol e, however,
were pl ast er ed with s t ucco and pai nt ed. The s t uc c o remains, and can
b e c h i p p e d o f f , wi t h f r a g me n t s o f pa i nt still on it. I n one of t h e
u p p e r c a ve s , near t h e he a d of t h e so- cal l ed f emal e i dol , some de-
s i g n s a r e still vi s i bl e , and a c u r i o u s o n e was c o p i e d by t h e nat i ve
draught sman.
A s h o r t d i s t a n c e e a s t of t h i s f i g u r e (No. 2) , i n t h e f i e l d s near t h e
f o o t of t h e c l i f f , is a mound whi c h Tal bot b e l i e v e s t o be t h e
r emai ns of a Bu d h i s t "top." H e c oul d not , howe ve r , f i n d any bri ck-
work i n pos i t i on, s o a s t o settle t h e matter be yond doubt .
Went t o t h e s e c ond l a r g e s t f i g u r e ( f emal e i dol ) t h i s e ve ni ng and
measur ed it. I t is some way u p t h e c l i f f , t h e bot t om o f t h e ni che
bei ng on a l e v e l wi t h t h e t o p o f t h e d e b r i s s l o p e . In t h e many
hunde r d ye a r s t h a t have e l a p s e d s i n c e t h e f i g u r e s and c a ve s were
hewn, p o r t i o n s o f t h e s u r f a c e of t h e r o c k ha ve s c a l e d o f f , par t i al l y
d e s t r o y i n g t h e c a ve ope ni ngs . Th i s is pa r t i c ul a r l y t h e c a s e t o l e f t
o f t h e s e c ond f i g u r e , wh e r e a c o n s i d e r a b l e l ump h a s come down.
The r e a r e da r ks ome c a ve s a t t h e back o f t h e n i c h e on t h e ground
l e ve l , t h e e n t r a n c e s bei ng be t we e n t h e l e g s o f t h e f i g u r e , and on
e a c h s i de . But t h e s e c a v e s a r e of no s i z e o r i n t e r e s t . The de s i gn
on t h e a r c h ove r t h e head o f t h e Budha can t o a c e r t a i n e x t e n t be
made o u t wi t h a f i e l d gl a s s . Wi t hi n a circle, is a f i g u r e i n a l ong
r obe, armed wi t h a s p e a r , and a p p a r e n t l y s l a yi ng s ome t hi ng. The t wo
u p p e r c or ne r s , o u t s i d e t h e circle, a r e f i l l e d wi t h f i g u r e s of an-
g e l s , or c h e r u b s , waving s c a r v e s a t e a c h o t h e r . The y mi ght well
d a t e from t h e l a s t c e nt ur y. On e i t h e r s i d e is a b o r d e r , wi t h male
and f emal e b u s t s , or hal f f i g u r e s , i n circles, and al l a dor ne d with
hal os.
Out s i de t h e c e n t r a l d e s i g n , o f t h e l e f t hand s i d e , is a very
c ur i ous f i g u r e of a human-headed bird.
Fu r t h e r on Maitland g i v e s t h e f ol l owi ng a d d i t i o n a l i nf or mat i on about
t h e l a r g e s t f i gur e :
"In t h e f i g u r e i t s e l f , and t h e back and s i d e of t h e ni che, ar e
numer ous hol e s , r e ve a l e d by t h e d i s a p p e a r a n c e o f t h e s t uc c o. These
w e t h o u g h t must ha ve been s o c k e t s f o r t h e e n d s of t h e beams and
pol e s f or mi ng t h e s c a f f o l d i n g e r r e c t e d f o r t h e p l a s t e r i n g and paint-
i ng o f t h e Budha s and its ni che. On t h e ampl e l e f t s h o u l d e r of t h e
mOnStrOuS i mage a pi e r c e d wal l h a s be e n b u i l t t o some h e i g h t . I t is
i mpos s i bl e now t o c o n j e c t u r e what t h i s was f o r , and it is i naccessi -
bl e, a t l e a s t I t h i n k so. I t may b e ment i oned t h e onl y way of get -
t i ng t o t h i s f i g u r e is t h r o u g h t h e s a r a i ne wl y b u i l t i n f r o n t o f i t *
The ol d s ar ai was a little d i s t a n c e t o one s i de . ~t was di s a ppoi nt -
i ng t o f i nd t h a t t h e l a r g e cave, t h e e n t r a n c e o f whi c h is bet ween
t h e f e e t of t h e f i g u r e was s e a l e d up, and c oul d n o t be e n t e r e d .
T h e r oc k on t h e l e f t si de ( we s t ) o f t h e f i g u r e is ba dl y c r a c ke d, t h e
c r a c k s e x t e n d i n g i n t o t h e ni che. Thi s h a s be e n c a u s e d , i n r e c e nt
t i m e s , by wat er pe ne t r a t i ng from above, and is t h e r e a e on why t h e
s t a i r c a s e is now i mpr act i bl e. The da y is n o t f a r d i s t a n t when t h e r e
w i l l be an e x t e n s i v e fall o f r oc k h e r e , i nvol vi ng t h e par t i al de-
s t r u c t i o n o f t h e ni c he , whi ch is much t o be r e g r e t t e d , t h o u g h t t he
f i g u r e itself is i n no da nge r , a s f a r a s can b e s e e n.
We went h e r e and t h e r e , and exami ned va r i ous o t h e r cavern o u t of t he
h u n d r e d s i n the ne i ghbour hood. Th e r e were f e w w e coul d cl osel y
i n s p e c t a s t h e y a r e near l y al l i nha bi t e d, a e w e d i d n o t l i k e
i nt r ude t oo much on t h e domes t i c l i f e o f t h e peopl e.
No one seemed
t o mind us, however , and t h e women went on wi t h t h e i r occupat i ons ,
little di s t ur be d by t h e p r e s e n c e of s t r a nge r s . Thi s was somewhat
remarkabl e, a s t h e r e s i d e n t s i n t h e caves a r e a l l Taj i ks; and t h e s e
peopl e seem t o s e c l u d e t h e i r women a s j eal ousl y a s t h e Af ghans.
Almost our l a s t v i s i t was t o t h e Jah-i-Jamshed, one o f t h e l a r g e s t
of t h e caves , and by f a r t h e l a r g e s t of any w e saw. It is s i t ua t e d
some di s t a nc e e a s t of t h e s econd l a r g e s t f i gur e. A narrow stair is
as cended, a f t e r whi ch it is neces s ar y t o pr oceed in a be nt a t t i t u d e
along a very narrow pat h c u t in t h e f ace of t h e rock which overhangs
it. Anot her narrow s t a i r in t h e r ock l e a d s up t o t h e s paci ous
por t i co in f r o n t of t h e cave. In e xpl or i ng t h e s e c a ve s c a n d l e s
s houl d be t aken (good r e f l e c t i n g l a t e r n s i f pos s i bl e) and a nat i ve
s houl d be s e n t f i r s t , f o r t h e peopl e k e e p t h e i r c a t t l e wi t h t hem,
and one is a s l i k e l y a s not t o meet a cow on t h e s t ai r cas e. In some
pl aces, and i n t h e dar k, s u c h a r encont r e would be awkwar d.
Being onl y l i g h t e d t h r o u g h t h e door , q u i t e a s m a l l one, t h e cave was
i nt ens el y dar k, and t h e candl es w e l i g h t e d seemed t o have no e f f e c t
in i l l umi nat i ng its caver nous bl acknes s . everth he less, a t l e a s t one
family l i v e s in t h i s cave, whi ch is di vi ded by low s t o n e wal l s i n t o
small compar t ment s l i k e ol d f as hi oned pews , i n some o f whi ch goa t s ,
cows, and donke ys a r e i ns t al l ed. W e g u e s s e d t h e cave t o be some 30
or 35 f e e t s qua r e wi t h a domed r oof . A s is al most i nvari abl y t h e
case, t h e r e is a shal l ow recess, or ni che, a t t h e f u r t h e r end.
Being unabl e t o a s c e n t t o t h e head of t h e l a r g e s t f i g u r e , Tal bot
t ook its h e i g h t by t r i angul at i on, and made it a s b e f o r e s t a t e d , 180
f e e t .
On t h e e a s t s i d e of t agao Sai dabad is t h e f i f t h i dol , or gi ga nt i c
Budha. I t is some way up t h e c l i f f , whi ch is pi er ced wi t h numerous
caves l i k e t h a t on t h e nor t h s i d e of t h e main valley. The ni che
appear s t o be about t h e s i z e of No. 3 ( say 60 f e e t hi gh) , and t h e
f i g u r e i n it h a s its he a d c o v e r e d wi t h a s o r t o f c a p o r t i a r a
(common in s t a t u e s of Budha). Ther e can be no r easonabl e d o u b t t h a t
t h e t wo bi g Budhas were once ador ned i n l i k e manner. The t o p s of
t h e i r he a ds a r e now unnat ural l y f l a t , f or ci bl y s u g g e s t i n g t h e i de a
t h a t somet hi ng ha s been c u t o f f ." (Maitland, I.B.C.)
BAM SARAH
'+L
34-47 67-52 G. A vi l l age in Bamian, s i t ua t e d in t h e Sayyi dabad
gl en, 100 hous e s of Sayyi ds. (A.B.C.)
BANAHAL A&
33-10 68-26 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed n o r t h we s t of t h e Jar kana Ghar and
aouth of G hazni.
BANARAS KHAN KALA
d"&,k
34-18 67-54. A vi l l age in t h e Besud di vi s i on about 3 m i l e s s out h-
wes t of t h e Besud vi l l age. I nhabi t ant s: ~ u r a n i s . (Jen kyns. )
BAND J+
33-18 68-37 m. A Ghi l zai vi l l age of about 40 h o u s e s in t h e Shi l -
ghar di vi si on of Zurmat. ~t lies about 21 m i l e s n o r t h we s t of Saraf-
sar and t h e same di s t a nc e s o u t h e a s t of Ghazni. Water is p l e n t i f u l
and f or age and f u e l a r e avai l abl e in t h e vi l l age whi l e o t h e r s up-
plies may be procured in t h e neighbourhood.
A t Band t h e road from t h e Tochi val l ey t o Ghazni , vi a UrgUn is
joined by t h e road from t h e Kurram val l ey t o Ghazni , via Gardez;
Gardez lies about 49 m i l e s nor t he a s t of Band.
I.B.C. Recent maps
show t h e neme Sardeh Band.
(LWA)
BANDA 4 4
34- 70-. A vi l l age of 800 i nha bi t a nt s i n t h e Jalalabad di s t r i c t ,
about 18 miles W.S.W. of Basawal. t h e r e is a good campi ng ground
h e r e wi t h an abundant wat er s uppl y, and s u p p l i e s a r e f ai r l y pl ent i -
f ul . ( I C ) Recent maps s how t h e name Bandeh on t h e Alishang
r i ver , a t 34-51 70-6. (LWA)
BANDA
4 4
34- 69-. A s m a l l f o r t , cont ai ni ng 12 hous e s , near t h e nor t h- west
a ngl e of t h e She r pur cant onment , c l o s e t o t h e Br i t i s h bur i al ground
of 1879-80. (1.B.C.)
BANDA-I-HAJIAN &L 4 4
34- 70-. A vi l l age in t h e Sur kha b di vi s i on of t h e Jalalabad di s-
t r i c t . I nhabi t ant s: Hind ki s. ( Jenkyns. )
BANDA-I-MIR AKRAM
J1 ~e 4 4
34- 70-. A vi l l age i n t h e Sur kha b di vi s i on of t h e Jalalabad di s-
t r i c t . I nhabi t ant s: Sahi bzadas. ( Jen kyns. )
BANDA-I-MIR SAHIB GUL J ~ L p 4 4
34- 70-. A vi l l age i n t h e Kama di vi s i on of t h e Jal al abad di s t r i ct .
I nhabi t ant s: Sai yads. ( Jenkyns. )
BANDALI 24
A s e c t i on of t h e Muhammad Khwaja Hazaras. The r e is a vi l l age called
Band-i-ALi some 7 m i l e s s o u t h o f Ghol i Talab and w e s t of Ghazni.
33-30 68-2 m. (LWA)
BAND- I -AM1 R ~ ' 4
35-50 67-13 m. A series of nat ur al dams a c r o s s t h e bed of t he
Band-i-Amir, wher e t h e head wa t e r s of t h i s r i ve r a r e r et ai ned i n a
s uc c e s s i on of l a r ge r e s e r voi r s .
Ther e are a l t o g e t h e r f i v e dams, and e a c h r e s e r v o i r i n successi on
ove r f l ows i nt o t h e one n e x t below it, t h e whol e series bei ng called
Band-i-Amir. They a r e s u p p o s e d by t h e i nha bi t a nt s t o be among t he
wor ks of Al i , r e l i c s of whos e d o i n g s abound t h r o u g h o u t t h e whole
count r y t her eabout s.
Maitland' s de s c r i pt i on of t h e Band-i-Amir l a k e s , s t a r t i n g from Kala
J af i r , is a s f ol l ows:
"Now t ur ned t o t h e r i g h t up t h e val l ey, s oon r e a c hi ng a small l ake
below t h e f i r s t band. The l a t t e r is a nat ur al r oc ky l e d g e acr oss
t h e valley. I t is known a s t h e Band-i-Ghulaman. Above it is a
l ake, al ong t h e s h o r e of whi ch t h e r oad wi nds. his l a ke is not
ver y d e e p , a t l e a s t near t h e e d g e s , and it ha s a f ew r e e ds . The
wat er is of r emar kabl e pur i t y, and of t h e d e e p e s t bl ue. On t h e
f u r t h e r s i d e is t h e haml et of Jaru Kashan. ~t t h e end of t h e h k e
whi ch is p e r h a p s hal f a m i l e i n l e n g t h , a r e r o c k y s l o p e s and two
l e d g e s , wi t h pool s of shal l ow water. Thi s is t h e Band-i-Kamar.
Immediately above is t h e Band-i-Haidar, a nat ur al dam a bout 40 f e e t
high. The road now cr os s es diagonally among t h e pools, and t urns to
t h e r i g h t , UP an e a s y r oc ky s l ope , cover ed by a f ew i n c h e s of water
r unni ng down. Thi s wat er is s o a bs ol ut e l y c l e a r t h a t t h e r ock i s
s e e n t hr ough it a s i f it were gl as s . Lucki l y t h e r oad is not a t
s l i ppe r y.
A t t h e t o p of t h e s l o p e is the zi ar at , 1 0 miles from our
camp a t Pi rozbahar. I t is a s m a l l domed bui l di ng of mud br i ck on t he
a hor @ of t h e t h i r d l ake, j u s t above t h e Band-i-Haidar. Thi s l ake
r uns UP s e ve r a l m i l e s , bei ng bor de r e d, a ppa r e nt l y the whol e way, by
c l i f f a.
I t s br e a dt h he r e , a t t h e l ower e nd, is a bout 400 yar ds, and
it c ont i nue s t h e same a s f a r a s I saw it. A little way above t h e
zi ar at is a d e e p bay. The wat er of t h i s l a ke , a s of t h e o t h e r s , is
of a most vi vi d blue. El evat i on of t h e zi ar at 9, 790 f e e t .
The count r y above t h e c l i f f s is open and undul at i ng.
Ther e are t wo o t h e r ba nds above t h e Band-i-Pamir, and t h e l a s t t h e
and-i-Zulfikar. Thi s is 3 o r 4 m i l e s from t h e Zi arat , and is s a i d
t o be much h i g h e r t ha n t h e o t h e r s . The l a k e above it is d e s c r i b e d
a s bei ng of g r e a t l e n g t h and from 1 1/2 t o 2 m i l e s i n br e a dt h. I t
is p e r h a p s 6 t o 8 miles i n l e n g t h , and a t its head t h e st r eam i s s u e s
from a r ock. I t is sai d t o be warm.
On t h e nor t h s i d e of t h i s l a k e is t h e l a r g e vi l l age of Kupr uk, s ai d
t o be a bout 7 miles from t h e zi ar at . The Khakdao gl e n e n t e r s t h e
val l ey of t h e l a k e a t t h i s pl ace.
The road l e a d s al ong t h e nor t h s i d e of t h e l a k e t o Kupruk and g o e s
on up t h e Khakdao gl e n t o Khakdao vi l l age, from whi ch it
l e a d s nor t he a s t , over a wa t e r s he d, i nt o t h e Ao Dara, whi ch is a t t h e
head of t h e Sai ghan dr ai nage. Then down t h e Ao Dara, t h r o u g h de-
f i l e s , t o Sai ghan. From t h e n c e t o Kamard by t h e or di nar y r oad.
The l a k e s of t h e Band-i-Amir a r e f u l l of f i s h . A t t h e Zi ar at t h e y
a r e f e d by t h o s e who v i s i t t h e pl ace and a l a r g e number may al ways
be s e e n swimming a bout unde r t h e r oc ky l e d g e on whi ch t h e pl a c e
s t a nds , on t h e l ookout f o r f ood. W e coul d not de t e r mi ne t h e i r
s pe c i e s . The l a r g e s t were t h r e e or f our pounds.' ' (Maitland)
Th e v i l l a g e s o f t h e Band-i-Amir va l l e y a r e gi ven unde r "Bamian
( d i s t r i c t ) ."
BAND-I-AZHDAHA ,b A;\ 4
34- 67-. A r oc k i n t h e Bamian d i s t r i c t . I t is c r o s s e d by t h e r oad
from Shahi dan t o Kala Sar kar i . (Bamian.) Maitland s a ys of it:
" A t 8 1/4 miles a low r o c k y band c r o s s e s t h e hol l ow. The r e is a
considerable drop. m his is t h e Band-i-Azhdaha, being supposed t o be
t h e remai ns of one of var i ous dr a gons sl ai n i n t h e s e p a r t s by Al i ,
and s ubs e que nt l y t ur ne d t o s t o n e f o r t h e e di f i c a t i on of t h e d o i n g s
of A l i , among whi ch I o u g h t t o have ment i oned t h e nat ur al dams of
t h e Band-i-Amir. The out l i ne of t h e r oc k, a s l ooke d a t from above,
bear s some r esembl ance t o t h e body of and immense r e p t i l e , but a
cer t ai n e x e r c i s e of t h e i magi nat i on is ne c e s s a r y t o see it cl ear l y.
The d e s c e n t of t h e s t e e p r oc k s l o p e of t h e Band-i-Azhdaha is by no
means easy. The r ough, and r a t h e r s l i ppe r y, t r a c k r u n s di agonal l y
down t h e f a c e of t h e r ock a t a s h a r p gr adi ent . I t is p e r h a p s a
q u a r t e r of a m i l e i n l e n g t h , and t h e f a l l is 275 f e e t i n t h a t
di s t ance. I t would not be e a s y t o make a gun road he r e . A bui l t up
road would pr obabl y be ne c e s s a r y, and pos s i bl y zi g- zags mi ght have
t o be r e s o r t e d t o.
From t h e bottom of t h e Band-i-Azhdaha, t h e road cont i nues t o descend
t h e ravi ne whi ch is about 300 ya r ds a c r os s , t h e s i d e s bei ng f r e -
quent l y c l i f f s of gr a ve l or cl ay, but not a t f i r s t more t ha n 150
feet f e e t in he i ght . The r avi ne wi nds t o a c e r t a i n e x t e n t , and t h e
c l i f f s become hi ghe r . They a r e pi e r c e d by numerous c a ve s t o wa r d s
t h e l ower end of t h e ravi ne. The road is ver y good all t h e way. A t
9 3/4 m i l e s e nt e r e d t h e Bamian valley." (Maitland.)
+&* BAND-I-BABA See KOH-I-BABA
BAND-I-BARAN ( Or BAIRUN) JJ&&
34- 67-. A s ubs i di a r y r a nge r unni ng bet ween, par al l el t o t h e and-
i-Baba and t h e main ~a bul - ~a z a r a j a t - Da ul a t Yar r oad. (Wanliss.)
BAND- I -DOKAT &,A&
34- 66-. Appears t o be anot her name f or t h e Band-i-Duakhan.
BAND-I-DUAKHWAN (J > a ) J+$J+
34- 66-. The name gi ven t o t h e we s t e r n e x t e n s i o n of t h e Koh-i-
Baba. Recent maps show t h e name Band-i-Doakhund, a t 34-23 66-20 m.
(LW)
BAND- I -SULTAN "U.r;!
33-46 68-23 m. A dam f or med by Mahmud of Ghazni a c r o s s a rocky
val l ey, t o dam up t h e Ghazni r i ver . I t is a w a l l of masonry, which,
when compl et e, must have been 300 y a r d s l ong, its h e i g h t varying
from 20 f e e t t o 8 f e e t , and its t h i c k n e s s 6 o r 7 f e e t . (Broad foot.)
*BAND-I-TAL &.;!
35-11 66-57 m. A mountain s o u t h of t h e Band-i-Karak i n east er n
Bamian.
BAND-I-WARSANDAN "\&a+
35-13 68-35 m. The name l ocal l y a ppl i e d t o t h a t p a r t of t h e Hindu
Kush which lies t o t h e nort h of Ghorhand.
*BANDSANG &.+
34-9 67-36 m. A vi l l age i n t h e Kamarak ar ea, 2 m i l e s s out h of
Kamarak i n s o u t h e r n Bamian pr ovi nce.
BANDUK 4, J+
34-7 70-34 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d about 10 miles s o u t h of Sha hi kot in
Nangarhar pr ovi nce.
BANDUL . &A&
35-9 70-8 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Pasha1 (Nuri-
s t a n) r i ve r i n Laghman pr ovi nce.
*BANG &
33-18 68-36 m. A vi l l age near t h e Sa r de h Band on t h e road from
Sharan t o Ghazni.
BANGI See BARAM KHEL cF
BANG I QOL
34-27 68-2 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d 2 m i l e s s o u t h of t h e Helmand ri ver
in Maidan pr ovi nce.
BANG I SHAI &&
34-7 68-27 m. A vi l l age on t h e Dara-i-Jelga, e a s t of t h e Bolibum
Ghar .
BAPROK &
35- 71-.
A Katir Kafir vi l l age of 40 h o u s e s s i t ua t e d up t h e gul of
t h e same name, on t h e road from t h e Bas hgul t o t h e Mami Pass*
(Robert son. )
B A lWBAD a&'*
34-41 70-58 G.
A vi l l age i n t h e Kunar d i s t r i c t , on t h e l e f t bank f o
t h e Kunar r i ver , about one m i l e below Pashat , whe r e t h e r e is a f er r y
over t h e r i ver . I t lies a t t h e mouth of a dar a l e a di ng down from
t h e Shaunkar ai pa s s i n t h e Kabul Tsappar r ange, over whi ch goes a
pa t h i nt o t h e Mohmand val l ey of Mitai.
(I.B.C.)
*BARA DARGAI See DARGAI J., J 4~
A vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d about 10 miles nor t he a s t of
J agdal ak, a t 34-28 69-52 G.
BARAK
4
35-22 69-31 m.
A vi l l a ge on l e f t bank
of t h e u p p e r Pa nj s hi r r i ve r ,
7 m i l e s a bove Bazarak. I t h a s 20 h o u s e s o f Taj i ks. ( Sha hz a da
Ta imus . )
*BARAKALA
YS 4,
34-24 68-39 m. A vi l l a ge l o c a t e d on a t r i b u t a r y of t h e Maidan
r i ver , a bout 12 m i l e s west o f Ner kh.
BARAKAT
33-39 68-20 m.
Sai d t o b e a p a s s ove r t h e Gul Koh.
It is wi t hi n 16
miles of G hazni , and r e s e mbl e s t h e Gul bauri .
(Broad f oot . )
*BARA KHEL
b , L
34-3 70-47 m. A vi l l a ge l o c a t e d s o u t h e a s t of Achi n and s o u t h of
Sor ubai .
BARAKI J~R
34- 69-. A l a r g e vi l l a ge 1 1/2 m i l e s west of Sh e r p u r , 1/2 m i l e
e a s t o f Nanachi. I n h a b i t a n t s Taj i ks. Th e r e is a f o r t h e r e a nd 65
hous e s . Th e i nha bi t a nt s bel ong o t t h e Bar aki s e c t i o n of Taj i ks ,
b u t have l o s t t h e i r p e c u l i a r d i a l e c t . (I.B.C.) An o t h e r v i l l a g e
wi t h t h i s name is near Abana, on a t r i b u t a r y of t h e Ar ghandab, a t
33-17 67-12 m. (LWA)
BARAKI &
A t r i b e of Ta j i ks who i nha bi t Logar and p a r t o f But kha k. ~ i x e d wi t h
t h e Ghi l zai s t h e y d i f f e r f r om t h e o t h e r Taj i ks , i nas much a s t h e y
form a t r i b e u n d e r c h i e f s of t h e i r own, f u r n i s h a good many t r o o p s
t o t h e Gover nment , c l o s e l y r e s e mbl e t h e Af gha ns i n t h e i r manner s,
and a r e more r e s p e c t e d t h a n any o t h e r Taj i ks. All t r a d i t i o n s a g r e e
t h a t t h e y were i n t r o d u c e d i n t o t h e i r p r e s e n t s e a t s by Sul t an Mahmud,
about t h e be gi nni ng o f t h e 1 1 t h c e nt ur y, and t h a t t h e i r l a n d s were
once e x t e n s i v e , b u t t h e i r or i gi n is uncer t ai n. They p r e t e n d t o b e
spr ung from t h e Arabs, but ot he r s say t h e y are des cended from Kurds.
They a r e i nc l ude d i n t h e g e n e r a l term Tajik. The y accompani ed
Sul t an Mahmud o f Ghazni i n h i s i nvas i on of I ndi a, and were pr eemi -
nent l y i ns t r ume nt a l i n t h e a b s t r a c t i o n of t h e g a t e s of t h e t e mpl e o f
Somnath. Th e r e a r e t wo d i v i s i o n s of t h i s t r i b e , t h e Bar aki s o f
Rajan, i n t h e pr ovi nc e o f Logar , who s p e a k Per s i an, and t h e Bar aki s
of Barak, a vi l l a ge near t h e f or mer , who s p e a k t h e l a ngua ge c a l l e d
Baraki. Sul t an Mahmud, pl e a s e d wi t h t h e i r s e r v i c e s i n I ndi a, was
determined t o recompense t hem by gi vi ng them in per pet ual gr ant any
pa r t of t h e c ount r y t h e y c h o s e ; t h e y f i x e d on t h e d i s t r i c t o f
Kaniguram i n t h e c o u n t r y o f t h e Wazi ri s, wh e r e t h e y s e t t l e d . (El-
Phi nst one, Leech. )
BARAKI BARAK 4J4a
33-58 68-57 m. Bar aki Barak is t h e name of a vi l l a ge and a wol eswa-
Li i n Logar pr ovi nce. The wol es wal i c o mp r i s e s an a r e a o f 329 s q u a r e
k i l o me t e r s a n d h a s a n a g r i c u l t u r a l p o p u l a t i o n wh i c h h a s b e e n
var i ousl y e s t i ma t e d a t f r om 39, 068 t o 60, 875. The Woleswali is
bounded i n t h e w e s t by Sayyi dabad, i n t h e n o r t h and e a s t by Pul i
Al a m, and i n t h e s o u t h by Cha r kh. Bar aki Barak i n c l u d e s s ome 168
vi l l ages , of whi ch a bout t h i r t e e n ha ve more t h a n 500 i nha bi t a nt s .
The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows :
Qarya-i-Shah Mazar, ~al a- i - Abd ul l ah, Ozbak Khel , Qala-i-Abas, Shai -
k h i Khel, Deh-i-Shah Mazar, Edo Khel , Qala-i-Moh'd Raf i q, Allah Dad
Khel , ~ a l a - i - Sh a i k h Maula w i , Qala-i-Y us uf Khel, Chal ozai , Qala-i-
Lalak, ~al a-i -Tagab, Char Qala-i-C ha l o Zai, Qala-i-Kalan-i-C hal ozai ,
~ a r a k i Barak, Masjed-i-Shaik han, Masjed-i-Takya, Qala-i-Gulam Hai-
d er, ~asj ed- i - Qazi , Masjed-i-Kak 0 Saheb, Qala-i-Alef , Qala-i- Wardak,
~ a l a - i - ~ a f i z u l l a , ~al a- i - Taqi , Qala-i-Dad Mohammad, Qah-i-Payendah
Jan, ~ala-i-Dawud, Qala-i-C ha nda l , Qala-i-Zaqum Khe l , Qala-i-Haji
~ o d h. Shah, Qala-i- Turab, Qala-i-Baja w ri, Qala-i-Qad ir, Qal a-i -B~Z
Khan, Qala-i-Mirza Abdul G ha u r , Qal a- i - Qal i ch, Qala-i-S hai k han,
Qal a- i - Si ddi q, Qala-i-Habib, Qala-i-Sar Buland, Qala-i-Pad Khwabi,
~a l a - i - Na z i r Moh d. I s mai l , Qala-i-Qazi Moh d. I s h a q , Qala-i-Abdul
Samad, Qala-i-Moh d. Omar, Qala-i-Malik Sa d a t , Qala-i-Shaik han-i-
Mohmand, Qala-i-Jog i f Qala-i-Lalak, Qal a-i -Darya K h e l , Qala-i-
Kohna-i-Mohmand, Qala-i-MuUa Ak h t a r Mohammad, Deh Shai k h, Qala-i-
Topak, Qala-i-Hawas Khel, Qala-i-Saja w a n d , Qarya-i -Mal i ka, Qala-i-
Babi, Kh waja Ahmad, Qala-i-Qeyamuddin, Ak hund Khel, Nau Burja, Cho-
w i t Baraki Rajan, Pahn Deh, Mohsin Shah, Kata Paye, Lala Shah,
Shah g hasi , Faiz Mohammad, Sul t an Mohd., Bak oni , Kashmiri, Mulla Mir,
Mohammad Jan, Belal, Sangbur , Masjed-i-Karendah, Masjed-i-Hosain
Khan, Darwaza-i-Kalan, Qala-i-Morad Khan, Masjed-i-Sayedha, Qala-i-
Sayed Afraz, Qala-i-Mir Shahabuddi n, Qala-i-Ahmadak, Qala-i-Zarab-
s ha h, Qala-i-Shah Abul f at ah, Qala-i-Nad-i-Ali, La1 Mohammad, Chehil-
t an, Sayyi di , Masjed-i-Shah Sekandar , Masjed-i-Kalan, Masjed-i-Nadi
Khel , Qal a- i - Janak, Qala-i-Mulla Musa, Qal a-i -Panj Paye, Qala-i-
Ghai r at , Qala-i-Mirza Khel , Qala-i-Ata Mohammad, Qala-i-Allahyar,
Qal a- i - Sangi , Qala-i-Mulla S h i r j a n , Qala-i-Qazi Mohd. Akbar Khan,
Qal a-i -Karez-i -Hayat , Qala-i-S h er Khan, Qala-i-Baqa, Qala-i-Mulla
Khel , Masj ed-i -Mi rza G ha w s f Qal a- i - Fai zul l a, Qala-i-Bahu, Qala-i-
Durani, Masjed-i-Hazrat-i-G haw s f Qar ya- i - Hayat , Qar ya-i-Samandar,
Qarya-i-Af g hanan, Qarya-i-Mohammad Shah, Masjed-i-Bala Kocha, Qdla-
i-Shamak-i-Shak, Masjed-i-Khair Khana, Masjed-i-Baqer Shah, ~ar ya- i -
Gagai , Qarya-i -Naqak , Sha i k h Ne ya z ul l a , Qala-i-Mir Aman, Qala-i-
Ziawuddin, Qala-i-Nur Mohammad, Qa l a - i - ~a hma t ul l a h, ~al a- i - Nayeb,
Qah-i-Rajab Al i , Qala-i-Aminulla, Masjed-i-Shah Qussur , Qala-i-Char
Suq, Qala-i-Janhla, Qal a-i -Sadat , Qar ya- i - Faqi r , Qala-i-Din Mohd.
Afghan, Qala-i-Gul Mohammad, Rustam Khel, Gagar i Khel, ~ar ya- i -
Dastag ir, Qarya-i-Bahad ur , Qala-i-Nazir, Ibrahi m K hel , Qala-i-Y ahyar
Qal a- i - Nur ul l ah, Qar ya- i - Hazr at , Qarya-i- Raj an, ~a r y a - i - Ko k o Gu l l
Badni Khel, Qala-i-Qazi, Pad Kh wab- i - ~og hani , ~al a- i - Babur i Rog hanit
Qala-i-Nau-i-Rog ha ni , Qarya-i-Daw ud Sha h, ~ar ya- i - Namdar , ~al a- i -
Hohd ., Qala-i-Tawakul wa Babi, Qarya-i-Tundan, and ~a r y a - i - ~a d i r *
( LWA
In 1914, t h e vi l l age of Baraki Barak was d e s c r i b e d a s fol l ows: A
l a r ge vi l l age i n t h e u p p e r por t i on ( s out he r n di vi s i on) of t h e Logar
valley. The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Taj i ks, and i n 1880 t h e vi l l age con-
t ai ned 500 f ami l i es.
Baraki Barak s t a n d s on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Logar r i ve r and about 1
1/2 miles t o t h e nor t h of Bar aki - ~aj an. Sur geon Major Johnst on
d e s c r i b e s t h e l i t hol ogi c a l composi t i on o f t h e h i l l s i n t h e immediate
nei g hbour hood of Baraki Barak a s f ol l ows:
n P e p ~ e r and s a l t t r a p, s pi der - vei ned hor nbl ende, da r k- s t r e a ke d die-
tite." The i nha bi t a nt s ( vi de "Baraki") s pe a k a di a l e c t of t hei r
own- Suppl i e s a r e p l e n t i f u l a t Baraki Barak, and wat er is abundant*
The caval ry and t wo i nf a nt r y br i ga de s of t h e ~ a b u l - ~ a n d a h a r f or ce
camped h e r e t o g e t h e r on 1 1 t h A U ~ U S ~ 1880. ( c i i f f o r d , Evan smith1
I .B.C.)
BARAKI RAJAN dk', L$#
33-56 68-54 G. A l a r g e vi l l age in t h e u p p e r por t i on ( s out he r n divi-
si on) of t h e Logar valley. The i nha bi t a nt s a r e most l y Taj i ks, and
t h e v u g e , i ncl udi ng its out l yi ng haml et s, cont ai ned, i n l ef l ol
1,000 f ami l i es. They s pe a k t h e Baraki di a l e c t ( vi de "Baraki"). A
l a r ge r number of Hi ndus l i v e h e r e al so.
~ar aki - Raj an s t a n d s on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Logar r i ve r , a bout 1
1/2 miles s o u t h of Baraki-Barak, and from it r oa ds br anch o f f t o-
war ds Kabul on t h e nor t h, t o wa r d s Cha r kh on t h e s o u t h , and t o wa r d s
t h e Tangi Wardak and t h e Sojawan p a s s on t h e w e s t and s o u t h we s t ,
r e s pe c t i ve l y. The Hakim of Logar ha s h i s h e a d q u a r t e r s a t ~ a r a k i -
~ a j a n , and a bat t al i on of i nf a nt r y is s t a t i one d he r e . ( Cl i f f or d,
Evan Smi t h, I.B.C.)
*BARAK KALAI & 4
33-24 69-23 m. A vi l l age on t h e r oad from Waze t o Gar dez, a bout 3
miles sout h of Shewak.
BARAKZAI ~ J L
35- 69-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e u p p e r Panj s hi r val l ey, 45 m i l e s from
Kabul, c ons i s t i ng of t wo f o r t s and 40 h o u s e s of Barakzai s. Water
from a st ream. Thence t h e r e is a p a s s named Sol anah, e xt r e me l y
danger ous , on a c c ount of t h e Durnama and Si gr awi r r obber s . (Leech. )
BARAKZAI
For a de s c r i pt i on of t h i s Durani c l a n, see Volume 5.
J(,L
BARAM KHEL
[the ) JP t ' ~ 4
A vi l l age i n t h e u p p e r Panj s hi r gl e n 5 m i l e s above Anaba, t we l ve
hous e s of Taj i ks. Near it is t h e vi l l age of Bangi, a l s o cont ai ni ng
12 hous e s of Taj i ks. ( Shahzada Taimus.)
*BARAN KALA .-di JJL
33-17 68-53 m. A vi l l age on t h e r oad from Yus uf khe l t o Gar dez,
about 30 m i l e s from Gar dez.
A vi l l age cal l ed Bar ankhel is l oc a t e d a t 35-15 69-27 m.
BARAT
A s e c t i on of t he Dai Kundi Hazaras.
*BARAT KHEL & 4
33-1 68-40 m. A v i l l a g e i n Yu s u f k h e l a l a q a d a r i , a b o u t 2 miles
sout heast of Yusuf k hel.
BARBAR See HAZARAS P J ~
BARBARA See BOBAR 'PJ 4
BARG
A t agao i n Dai Zangi count r y.
*BARGA I Jz
33-19 69-32 m. A vi l l age near Al auddi n and some 8 m i l e s w e s t of
Nadir Shah ~ o t .
*BARCAM ' ?JSrL
35-8 71-23 m. A vi l l age on t h e Kunar r i ver , some 8 m i l e s nor t h of
Asmar in Kunar pr ovi nce.
BARCHAR
A d i s t r i c t i nhabi t ed by Dai Zangi Hazaras.
*BARG-I-MATAL OK BRAGAMATAL JL&
35-40 71-20 m. Ba r g- i - ~a t a l is a vi l l age and an al aqadar i i n Nangar-
bar pr ovi nce. The al aqadar i c ompr i s e s an a r e a of 1,977 s qua r e kilo-
me t e r s and ha s an a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on t h a t h a s been est i mat ed at
from 2,880 t o 6,600. The al aqadar i is bounded i n t h e s o u t h by Chaps
Dara and Kamdesh, i n t h e west by Keran or Munjan, i n t h e nor t h by
Zibak, and i n t h e e a s t by t h e St a t e of Paki st an. Barg-i-Matal has
about 18 vi l l ages , 5 of whi ch have more t ha n 500 i nhabi t ant s. The
vi l l ages a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows: Barg Matal, Nek Mok,
Baddi n Shah, Chapo, Awla Gul, Shud Gul, Af s aho (Afsa), Peshawor,
Fa qi r a ba d, At a yt i , Af z uk, Na j e l s ha k ( Kachl a- Kas hal ) , Pachakwam
(Pach g eram), Dewana Baba, S hamir Yagam (Shari gam), Papla, Pazhgam,
and Dalok (Lolak). For a d e s c r i p t i o n of t h i s ar ea b e f o r e 1914, see
Bragamatal.
*BARGUGAR JV.R
33-46 68-31 m. A vi l l age near Sha s hga o on t h e Ghazni-Kabul road.
BARGUL See PASHKIGROM
*BARIGAH
34-8 67-35 m. A vi l l age i n t h e Kamarak ar ea, on a t r i but a r y of t he
Garmab r i ver .
*BAR I GAO
6
9
33-52 67-49 m. A vi l l age nor t h of t h e Dasht-i-Nawar and s out he a s t of
t h e Kuh-i-Surk h gol i .
BARIK
A pl ace i n t he Jaghur i Hazara count r y.
BAR1 KAK 4 4
A pa s s over t h e Baud-i-Duakhan. Vi l l ages wi t h t h i s name a r e located
west of Band-i-Doab, a t 34-6 67-49 m., and on t h e Darazqol, a t 34-
24 67-11 m. ( LWA)
BARI KAO
34- 69-. Elev. 4,900 f e e t . A vi l l age i n an ope n s p a c e in t he
hi l l s bet ween Jagdal ak and t h e Lataband pas s . I t is d i s t a n t 11 miles
from Jagdal ak and 2 mi l es e a s t from Seh Baba i n t h e Tezi n valley.
The i nhabi t ant s a r e Kuru Khel Ghi l zai s. The pl a c e is much f r equent ed
a s a h a l t i n g p l a c e by k a f i l a s and t h e r e is a s ma l l s a r a i i n t h e
r avi ne bei ng only about 80 or 100 ya r ds a c r os s . The Kabul ~ i s s i o n
( a bout 450 men and 550 a ni ma l s ) ha d c o n s i d e r a b l e di f f i c ul t y in
f i ndi ng room t o camp h e r e i n 1904. In t h e col d we a t he r t h e r e is a
cer t ai n amount of wat er i n t h e r avi ne and t h e r e is a f i n e s pr i ng for
dr i nki ng- wat er about 1/4 m i l e above t h e campi ng gr ound. No suppl i es
a r e t o be had near er t han Sar obi , 8 m i l e s nor t h, or Tezi n, 10 miles
s out h. (I.B.C.) Ot her vi l l ages wi t h t h i s name, a l s o s p e l l e d ~a r i ka bt
a r e l o c ~ t c ( ~ a t 33-45 68-18 G., a nd 33- 45 69-48 G. (LWA)
BAR1 KAO I &b
34-19 70-43 m. A vi l l age in t h e Pes h Bolak di vi s i on of t h e ~al al abad
d i s t r i c t , about 6 mi l es n o r t h we s t of Ambar Khana. ~ n h a b i t a n t s Mob-
mands and Dehganc. The r e was a caval r y and i nf a nt r y p o s t near t hi s,
dur i ng t h e war of 1079-80, t h e wat er s u p p l y of whi ch was good, but
l i abl e t o be c u t of f from t h e s out h. The r e is unl i mi t ed s pa c e f or
camping gr ounds a t Barikao; bar l ey is pr ocur abl e a s is al s o grass;
o t h e r s u p p l i e s must be pr ocur ed from Bat i kot , 4 miles t o t h e sout h-
e a s t , or from Cha r de h, 2 1/2 miles t o t h e e a s t . Fuel is obtainable*
A s qua dr on of caval r y and a company of i nf a nt r y a r e qua r t e r e d here*
Hazarbuz and Hasan Khel Kuchi s wi t h a bout 400 camel s come and settle
i n t h e vi ci ni t y in the wi nt er . In s ummer t h i s r oad is not generaUY
used. The Basawal -Lachi pur r o u t e is p r e f e r r e d by kaf i l as. ( Jen kyns ,
J ohns t on, I.B.C.) Anot her vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 33-52
67-49 A., and a st r eam is a t 34-56 69-27 A. (LWA)
BARIKI &a 6
34- 67-. A vi l l age i n t h e Bamian d i s t r i c t , s i t ua t e d on an a f f l u e n t
ravi ne of t h e main val l ey, about a m i l e n o r t h e a s t of Shahi dan and
c l os e t o t h e main r oad from t h e w e s t i n t o Bamian. The r e a r e s e ve r a l
haml et s and a t ower . Bar i ki is i nc l ude d i n t h e Sur khda r s u b d i s t r i c t
of Bamian. I t c o n t a i n s 20 f a mi l i e s of Sa y y i d s . ( Mai t l and. ) Two
pl aces wi t h t h i s name a r e l oc a t e d a t 34-15 67-45 G. and 34-49 67-37
G. (LWA)
BARIKI BALA yL&&
34- 66-. A vi l l age on t h e Kabul-Hazarajat-Daulat Yar main r oad,
about 4-1/2 m i l e s e a s t of t h e Akzar at kot al .
*BARIKJUI 4 ~ 6
33-17 67-29 m. A vi l l age i n t h e u p p e r Arg handab val l ey, s o u t h west of
t h e Das ht-i-Na war.
*BAR1 KOT See BIRKOT
BAR I NA Lz
A vi l l age i n t h e Sur kha b di vi s i on of t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t . I t is
s i t ua t e d on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Sur khab, and a bout one m i l e west
of Bag h wan. I nhabi t ant s , Ast anazai G hi l zai s. ( Jen kyns. )
BARISHTUGAK
A dar a i n t he Dai Zangi count r y.
BARKAR
A l o c a l i t y i n Dai Zangi count r y.
* BARKHANA &LJL
34-57 68-16 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a st r eam r unni ng s o u t h i nt o t h e
Ghorband a t Dahan-i-G hor bandak.
*BARK I JJ 6
34-53 68-3 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on t h e Ghorband r i ver , a bout 6 m i l e s
west of Shebar.
*BAR KONAR J&
35-2 71-21. Bar Konar is a wol eswal i in Nangarhar pr ovi nce. The
wol eswal i c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 908 s qua r e ki l omet er s and ha s an
agr i cul t ur al popul at i on t h a t ha s been e s t i ma t e d a t from 7,096 t o
9,919. The wol eswal i is bounded i n t h e w e s t by Pech, i n t h e s o u t h by
Asadabad, i n t h e e a s t by Dangam and Naray and t h e St a t e of Paki s t an,
and i n t h e nor t h by Kamdesh. Bar Konar ha s about 65 vi l l ages , one of
whi ch has more t ha n 500 i nhabi t ant s . The vi l l ages a r e l i s t e d i n t h e
PC a s 0110 w s: Sangarak (Shang or ak) , Kanasir (Kanamir) , Qol-i-Sara-
ni p Sur Ma1 (Surmi), Matina (Mat t i n), Nadib, Sama Lam, Moni, Sur i
Kalai (Shor Kalai), Madesh-i-Ulya ( Madesh) , Arnawi Shagal , Madesh-
i - Suf l a, Hel al zai ( Hel al - i - Ul ya) , Chuna s , La c hi n, Sh a n g a r Kalai
(Shangar), Chaqol i , Ato Kalai, Aman Kot, Khul Kalai, Shi nga s h, Mulla
Alam Kalai ( Sa n g i Mulla Alam), Sha l , Dab Kalai, Mul adi q, J a l a l a ,
Badgame Nawai Kalai, Nesha Gam, Sonak, Dambarai (Dambar), Spi n Kai,
Asmar, J a j a ( J a j ) , Qala-i- War dak, Tang i f Haj i Abad, Kas s a Gul ,
Balawlo (Balwalai), Kuhna Kohi, Tai sha Ag haz Bag h (Ag haz Bag h) , Shal
a h01 ( Qol Sh a l ) , Ch a p a k , Nadi t - i - Ul ya, Nadi t - i - Suf l a , I sl am Zai ,
Sawki Khol, La Hussai n, Gulai-i-Ulya, Gulai-i-Sufla, Wati, Shangar
Gu l , Kar Boli, Dagi Ser , Shont al a, Pama Lam, Darkalo-i-Sufla, Dark+
lo-i-Ulya, Kalo Gul, Garwalai, Chama Din, Ta kht o Khol, Sarko, TO-
ghga n, Fataw Kalaw, and Belal Zai.
BARKOT 4 8
34-40 70-35 G. A val l ey s i t ua t e d t o t h e west of t h e Dara-i-Nur. ~t
is i nhabi t ed by about 150 f ami l i es of Sa f i s , who a r e i nde pe nde nt and
l a wl e s s , and l eagued wi t h t h e pe opl e of Kashmund, a vi l l age hi gh up
in t h e hi l l s still f u r t h e r t o t h e w e s t . Muhammad Zaman Khan, when
Governor of Jal al abad, mar ched a f o r c e a g a i n s t Bar kot , but t hey
f l oode d t h e a ppr oa c he s t o t h e i r val l ey, and h e r e t i r e d a f t e r losing
many men. (Alim Ullah.)
BARLA &
33-9 67-51 m. A vi l l age i n t h e Zardalu ar ea, s o u t h e a s t of t h e Dasht-
i-Nawar .
*BARMAL or BIRMAL 38
32-34 69-11. Barmal is an al aqadar i i n Pakt ya pr ovi nce. The alaqa-
da r i c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 1, 084 s qua r e ki l ome t e r s and ha s an agri-
c u l t u r a l p o p u l a t i o n t h a t h a s b e e n e s t i ma t e d a t f r om 27, 200 t o
34,254. The al aqadar i is bounded i n t h e w e s t by Sar obi , i n t h e north
by Urgun and Gayan, i n t h e e a s t by t h e St a t e o f Paki st an, and in t he
s out h by Gomal. Barmal ha s some 55 vi l l a ge s , 16 of whi ch wi t h more
t ha n 500 i nhabi t ant s . The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d in t h e PG a s follows:
Marah Molai, Tand Shega, Margha, Tora Wale, Kalam, Pyawdad (Pyaw-
zar ) , Naar Sai ki (Naar Sami ki ), Sar dal i Khan, Dangar r ul gadah (Dangar
La gol ) , Mohamad Ajan ( Mar beka) , Ata G u l , Ta gl a i Lwar ah (Nazim
Khe l ) , Aramal, Kas, War zah, Mi raj an, Mira Khan, Sh e wa k i Ghina,
Sher wah, Shar ar ah She r Khun Khel, Faqi ran, Rubat, Dolan, Torah
Tangai, Gul Kot, Mangliti, Wacham, Bandari , Shakai ( Shaki Khel),
Baqi Khel, Gabarai, Yami Khel (Mawi Khel ), Sur i ( Sodi Khel), Meta
Khel, Kasskai , Farsi n ( Khar si n) , Ghos hi ( Moshi ) , Tot ai Khola, War
Kalai, Jar Lobi, Miyagan, Korah Khola, Agha Jan Kalai, Faqi r Ali,
Ari Gul, Sal eh Khel, Sharmat Khel, Aref Khan, Sar Puza (Tar Buza),
Ghondakai , Tor Khel, Lewagai, Tor Gandi, Baki Khel, Ti pi (Moh'd
Khan), and Reza Khan. For a d e s c r i p t i o n of t h i s a r e a be f or e 19141
see Birmal.
'BARMANA I $8
33-44 67-6 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Helmand, south
of Ahangaran.
'BAR MAZID 4.+#
33-21 67-40 m. A vi l l age on t h e Chawak r i ve r , about 8 miles sout h-
w e s t of t h e Dasht-i-Nawar.
'BAR NARANG &,R
34-46 71-4 m. A vi l l age on t h e Kunar r i ve r , some 2 miles sout hwest
of Shi r kani .
BARU-I-KALAN Or LOE BARU
i, %.#,L:
34-16 70-38 m. A vi l l age in t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t , about 12-1/2
miles w e s t of Basawal. I t l i e s on t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e ~ i s a r a k , Or
Papi n st r eam, and cont ai ns about 1, 000 f ami l i es of Mohmands. Fodder
f o r about 3,000 animals f o r one day and a bout 500 maunds of un9r0und
gr ai n may be c ol l e c t e d in t h e vi l l age and nei ghbour hood. ( J - B - C ~ ~
Johns t on. )
BARU-I-KHURD O r KAM BARU J*
34-15 70-37. A vi l l age in t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t , about 1 1/2 m i l e s
s o u t h we s t of Baru-i-Kalan, cont ai ni ng some 50 f ami l i es of Mohmand s.
Suppl i es a r e pr ocur abl e he r e , and t h e r e is a good campi ng gr ound
wi t h trees; wat er in pl ent y from t h e Hisarak st ream and from kar ez.
In wi nt er l a r ge numbers of Kuchi s camp her e, and a t t h a t t i m e t r ans -
por t animals would be pr ocur abl e, a s al s o would meat. (I.B.C.)
BASAWAL or BATSAWUL (&L)&L
34-15 70-52 m. Elev. 1, 400 f e e t . A col l ect i on of Mohmand vi l l ages i n
t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t , 10 m i l e s from Dak ka and about 29 from Jalal-
abad on t h e main Peshawar Kabul road. They cont ai n i n all some 1, 000
fami l i es of Mohmands p o s s e s s i n g about 2,000 head of c a t t l e , 100
h o r s e s and 150 buf f al oes . The annual pr oduct i on o f wheat and bar l ey
aver ages about 90,000 Indi an maunds.
Ther e is room t o encamp a f o r c e of any s i z e near t h e main vi l l age on
some gr as s y f i e l d s about 1/2 m i l e from t h e r i ver . Ther e is a f a i r
amount of s u p p l i e s avai l abl e l ocal l y and any amount can be g o t from
Pesh Bolak (5 m i l e s ) and t h e s ur r oundi ng count ry. Fodde r f o r about
20,000 animals f o r one day is procurabl e.
One mile t o t h e w e s t of t h e vi l l age is a new s ar ai and an ol d mud
f or t . The s ar ai was bui l t i n 1905 and is about 80 ya r ds s quar e. The
f o r t when s e e n i n 1905, was i n poor r epai r and of s l i g h t account
al t oget her ; it c o n s i s t s of a r edoubt 80 ya r ds s quar e, wi t h w a l l s 12
f e e t hi gh, and of a much l a r ge r horn-work wi t h a s m a l l d i t c h and
wall 6 f e e t hi gh, t h e per i met er of t h e whol e bei ng some 600 yar ds .
Ther e is a f o r c e of 200 Khasadars quar t er ed her e.
From Basawal t h e r e a r e t wo r oa ds formi ng al t er nat i ves t o por t i ons of
t h e main Peshawar-Kabul road whi ch k e e p s al ong t h e r i ve r bank
t hr ough Lachi pur and A l i Boghan. The f i r s t of t h e s e l e a d s over t h e
Choragal i pa s s and r ej oi ns t h e main road near ALi Boghan; t h e
second l e a d s s out h t h r o u g h t h e cant onment of Kahi and t h e n t ur ni ng
nor t hwes t r uns d i r e c t t o Jal al abad. ( J ohns t on, Malleson, Wanliss.)
BASHGUL Or BASHGAL, LANDAY SIND
(+J-L;')&+
35-20 71 32 m. A r i ver whi ch r i s e s in t h e s out he r n s l o p e s of t h e
Hindu Kush, and a f t e r a s out h- s out heas t er l y c our s e of not less t han
60 miles de bouc he s i nt o t h e Kunar a t a poi nt some 45 m i l e s below
Chi t ra. The Mandal pas s , near whi ch t h e r i ver t a k e s its r i s e , has
an a l t i t ude of 15, 300 f e e t , whi l e a t i t s j unct i on wi t h t h e Kunar t h e
el evat i on is about 3,000 f e e t . I t is known t o t h e Af ghans a s t h e
Landai Sin, and it is somet i mes cal l ed t h e Arnawai. The l a t t e r name
is a p t t o be mi sl eadi ng, a s i ndeed it pr oved dur i ng t h e del i mi t at i on
of t h i s par t of t h e Indo-Afghan f r ont i e r in 1894-95 f o r t h e vi l l age
of Arnawai (cal l ed Arundu by t h e Chi t r al i s ) is on t h e l e f t bank of
t he Kunar, a few hundred yards below t h e Bashgul junction, while t h e
Aryawai gul f up whi ch t h e r e is a road t o Di r , is t h e l ocal name of
t h e valley down whi ch a t o r r e n t r u s h e s t o join t h e Kunar, and on t h e
r i g h t bank of whi ch t h e vi l l age of Arnawai is bui l t .
In t h e Bashgul is a vi l l age cal l ed Bazgul, whi ch may have been t h e
ori gi n of t h e name now gi ven t o t h e whol e of t h a t val l ey by t h e
Chi t ral i s. The Kafi rs t hems el ves cal l d i f f e r e n t p a r t s of it a f t e r
t h e name of t h e d i f f e r e n t t r i b e s who i nhabi t it, b u t in no c a s e d o
t hey cal l it Bashgul , t h e l a t t e r bei ng pur el y a Chi t r al i name. Thus
t h e upper pa r t is cal l ed Kat i rgul (Chi t ral i -Lut deh or Kamtoz), t h e
mi ddl e por t i on Muman (Chi t ral i -Madugal ), and t h e l ower pa r t Kam
( Chi t r al i - ~amoz or Kamdesh). However, f o r t h e p u r p o s e s o f t h i s
ar t i cl e, Bashgul w i l l be a conveni ent des i gnat i on f o r t h e whol e
valley from t h e Mandal pa s s t o t h e Kunar.
Of t h e t h r e e main s our c e s from whi ch t h e Bas hgul dr aws its h i g h e s t
wat er s, t h e st r eam coming d i r e c t l y from t h e Mandal is only t he
s e c ond i n volume. A s it d e s c e n d s it p a s s e s near its s our c e t hr ough
a Lake of c ons i de r a bl e s i z e and a t ar n, and t h e n r e c e i ve s on ei t her
hand bubbl i ng r i l l s , s t r eams , and mountain t o r r e n t s ; of t he s e , t he
f i r s t of i mpor t ance is t h e Skor i gul , whi ch j oi ns t h e main stream
j u s t above Pshui . The n e x t is t h e Manangul, whi ch comes in at
Bragarnatal. The pl eas ant r i ve r t h e n p u r s u e s its q u i e t cour se, and
wi nds pa s t Badamuk, Oulagul and Purst am, gr adual l y changi ng its
c ha r a c t e r in its nar r owi ng r oc ky be d, unt i l a t Sunr u it assumes many
of t h e f e a t u r e s of a cat ar act . I t becomes a r a gi ng t o r r r e n t in t he
dar k narrow valley, d a s h e s a ga i ns t t h e h u g e boul de r s whi ch obst r uct
its c our s e , and f l i n g s hi gh its s pr a y wi t h de a f e ni ng uproar. Tree
t r u n k s encumber t h e wat erway, jam a g a i n s t t h e r o c k s , pi l e up i n
conf us i on, or hur r y r ound and r ound i n t h e swirl of a backwater.
The r i ver r a c e s pa s t Bagalgrom, r e c e i vi ng a t t h e vi l l age of Urmir
t h e t o r r e n t from t h e Kungani p a s s and t h e dr a i na ge of t h e Nichingul
valley. Below Kamu it is j oi ned on its l e f t bank by t h e Pi t t i gul
st r eam, by t h e Gour des h st r eam, and by many o t h e r s of less impor-
t ance, endi ng, a s b e f o r e s t a t e d , i n t h e Kunar r i ve r oppos i t e to
Arnawai.
The popul at i on of t h e val l ey is r oug hl y e s t i ma t e d by Surgeon-Major
Rober t son, who t r a ve r s e d t h e Bas hgul from end t o e nd, a t 20,000
Siah-Posh i nhabi t ant s , aLl of whom bel ong t o t h e Katir, Madugal,
Kashtan and Kam s e c t i ons . The vi l l a ge s i n t h e Bas hgul and i t s
t r i but a r i e s from above downwar ds are:
Kat i r - -
Pt si grom 3
Pshui or Pshowar Badamuk
Apsa i Oul agul
Shi dgul Chabu
Bragamatal (Lut deh) Purstam
Ba j i ndr a Baprok
Madugal--
Mungul Bagalgrom or Muman,
Susku and a few haml et s.
Kashtan--
Kashtan and two or t hr e e l i t t l e s e t t l e me nt s .
Kam--
Urmir Kamu
Kamdesh Sa r a t
Mergrom P i t t i g u l
Ba zgul .
The r e is a little col ony of Siah-Posh Kaf i r s a t Gour de s h, who are
sai d t o be ver y d i f f e r e n t pe opl e from a l l t h e o t h e r ~ i a h - p o s h $ and
t o be in gr e a t pa r t a remnant of an a nc i e nt pe opl e cal l ed t h e Aroms*
A s r e g a r d s t h e l a t e r a l communi cat i ons, t h e f ol l owi ng r out e s
l ead from Ch i t r a l over t he e a s t e r n wat ershed:
(a) The Zi di g, l eadi ng from t h e Upper Lut kho val l ey
(Gabar ) t o Ahmad Diwana .
( b) The Pshui from t he Lutkho v a l l e y ( I z h) t o Pshui .
(c) The Shawal from t h e Kalash val l ey of Bomboret t o
Lutdeh ( Br agamat al ) .
(dl The Par pi t from t h e Kalash val l ey of Bomboret to
t h e Manjam pa s s and s o t o Bragmatal, o r by t h e ~ i t t i g u l
va l l e y of t he Kam count r y t o Sa r a t gul .
(el The Bromni from t h e Kalash Ut zun d i s t r i c t t o t h e
P i t t i g u l va l l e y of t he Kam count r y.
( f )
The Pa t kun f r om t h e Ka l a s h v a l l e y of Ut zun t o t h e
Kaf i r va l l e y of Gourdesh--the e a s i e s t of a l l .
Westward, t he f ol l owi ng a r e t h e most
i mpr ot ant r oads which l e a ve t h e
val l ey.
( a) The S k o r i g u l ( Lul uk) , up whi ch a r e t wo o r t h r e e
r o a d s l e a d i n g ove r p a s s e s t o Mi nj an,
and one l e a d i n g
over a pas s i n t o t h e Wez v a l l e y of Presungul .
(b) The Baprokgul, which l e a ds over t h e Mami pas s i n t o
t h e Wezgul and t h e Pr esun va l l e y.
(c) t h e Ni c hi ngul , whi ch l e a d s ove r t h e Kungani p a s s
i n t o t he s h o r t Uzhamezhal va l l e y, which debouches i n t o
t he Wezgul of t h e Presun va l l e y, and a l s o by r oads up
l a t e r a l s t r e a ms j o i n i n g i t on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e
Wai count r y.
(d) The Kamu va l l e y, which di vi de s and has r oads, one
over a low r i dge i n t o t h e Bi r kot gul , t h e ot he r i n t o a
f i n e v a l l e y which j oi ns t h e Dungul, and o t h e r s of less
importance.
The t r a c k up t h e Ba s hgul i t s e l f is "easy" f r om a Ka f i r ' s p o i n t of
view; and t h e A m i r is under st ood t o be cont empl at i ng t h e cons t r uc-
t i on of a made road by t h i s r out e, t hus l i nki ng t h e Jal al abad-Asmar
r oad up t h e Kunar v a l l e y wi t h t h a t s a i d t o have be e n a l r e a d y made
from Fai zabad up t h e Kokcha.
The most r e c e nt i n or mat i on r egar di ng Bashgal a gr e e s w e l l wi t h t h a t
gi ven above except i ng a s r egar ds t he popul at i on which is e s t i ma t e d
t oo high. But t h i s may be a t t r i b u t e d t o emi gr at i on.
In 1897, two ye a r s a f t e r t h e s ubj ugat i on of t h e ocunt r y, wh i l s t t h e
Afghan t r o o p s we r e a t Br a ga ma t a l , t h e p e o p l e r e v o l t e d and b u r n t
t h e i r own hous e s , bot h t o show t h e i r d e t e r mi n a t i o n and, p e r h a p s
a l s o , t o c a u s e s u p p l y d i f f i c u l t i e s . They a l s o k i l l e d t h e mu l l a h s
t o l d o f f t o e a c h v i l l a g e . A t t h i s t i m e many Ka f i r s mi g r a t e d t o
Ch i t r a l . Subs e que nt l y t h e v i l l a g e s we r e r e b u i l t and t h e new one s
a r e ve r y s u p e r i o r , t h e hous e s b e i n g e x c e l l e n t l y c o n s t r u c t e d . I n
many c a s e s t o o t h e new v i l l a g e s ha ve been b u i l t i n t h e v a l l e y i n-
s t e a d of on t h e h i l l s i d e s . The v i l l a g e s a r e v e r y s t r i k i n g l y s upe-
r i o r t o t h o s e i n Par un. The b r i d g e s a r e a l s o v e r y s t r o n g and w e l l
made. The p e o p l e a r e now a l l Mussal man and t h e r e is a mu l l a h i n
each v i l l a g e , a s i n Par un. I s l a m now a p p e a r s p o p u l a r , e s p e c i a l l y
wi t h t he younger gener at i on.
By t h e Ami r ' s o r d e r s Bas hgul is now t o be known a s Nu r i s t a n , t h e
p l a c e of l i g h t , i.e., wher e t h e l i g h t of r e l i g i o n h a s p e n e t r a t e d .
The peopl e a r e ver y l i g h t l y as s es s ed, and revenue may be pai d e i t h e r
i n c a s h o r ki nd. I t is f r e q u e n t l y p a i d i n ghi . The o f f i c i a l s a l s o
do not o p p r e s s t h e p e o p l e a s t h e y a r e p r o t e g e e s of t h e A m i r , and
P a r t i c u l a r l y o f Na s r ul l a . They c o n s e q u e n t l y f i n d t h a t I s l a m h a s
c o n s i d e r a b l e ma t e r i a l a s w e l l a s a d v a n t a g e s s p i r i t u a l . They a r e
w e l l t o do and have many f l o c k s and good c u l t i v a t i o n . They e nga ge
i n no t r a de and a r e not armed. I n s p i t e of t h e i r s o c i a l improvement
t h e women s t i l l do a l l t h e work. ( Robe r t s on, I.B.C., N.I.) A
vi l l a ge c a l l e d Bashi gul is l oc a t e d a t 33-19 68-17 G., and Bazgal is
a t 35-25 71-32 m. (LWA)
BAS I
V.
A smal l s e c t i on of t h e Faul adi Hazaras payi ng revenue t o Ghazni.
*BAST +
34-53 67-33 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d on a t r i b u t a r y of t h e ~ a m i a n
r i ve r , some 20 miles west of Bamian.
BASUTI (~'m) 2-
The Besudi s, or Besud Hazaras, a r e somet i mes des i gnat ed Basut i s.
*BATA BAGU f i b 4
33-21 68-22 m. A v i l l a g e l oc a t e d some 15 m i l e s s out h of Ghazni.
BATAI See KHOST j L
BATAI KANDAO ,\AS j c
33-23 70-19 A. The name by which t h e Shabak pa s s is l oc a l l y kown.
BATA KHEL
One of t he s ubdi vi s i ons of t h e Takhi Ghi l zai s .
BAT I KOT ~8 j L
34-16 70-44. Ba t i k o t i s an a l a q a d a r i i n Nangar har pr ovi nce. The
a l a qa da r i compr i ses an a r e a of 147 s quar e ki l ome t e r s wi t h an agricu
l t u r a l popul at i on t h a t has been e s t i ma t e d a t 24,500 t o 25,960. The
al aqadar i is bounded i n t h e nor t h by Kama and Gosht a Khwaja Zemar,
i n t he e a s t by Mohmand Dara, i n t h e s out h by Loye Shinwar and in the
west by Rodat . Ba t i k o t h a s a b o u t 9 v i l l a g e s , 6 of whi ch have a
popul at i on over 500. The v i l l a g e s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s follows:
Narai Oba, Chardehi , Mushwani, Ghazibad, Ga l a i ( Kal kai ) , Lacha Pur ,
Bar a Anbar-Khana, Kaza Anbar-Khana, and Nader Kot. (LWA) I n 1914,
t h i s ar ea was des cr i bed a s f ol l ows :
A pl a i n between J a l a l a ba d and t he Khai bar, s out h of Chardeh. I t i s
l i t t l e more t ha n a s t o n y d e s e r t , b u t i n t h e wi n t e r a f f o r d s good
past ur age, and t he Ghi l z a i s br i ng g r e a t numbers of camel s and sheep
t o gr aze on i t i n t h e autumn, r e t ur ni ng i n spr i ng. Burnes says the
pl a i n of Bat i kot is famed f or a p e s t i l e n t i a l wind t h a t blows i n the
hot season. Thi s s t r i k e s men and hor s es , and t h e f l e s h of t hose who
f a l l vi c t i ms t o i t becomes s o s o f t and put r i d, t h a t t he l i mbs sepa-
r a t e f r om e a c h o t h e r and t h e h a i r may be p u l l e d o u t wi t h t h e l e a s t
f or ce. Thi s is probabl y not hi ng more t han s uns t r oke ( heat apoplexy)
caus ed by t h e e x c l u s i v e h e a t of t h e wi nd i n c r o s s i n g t h i s ar i d
Pl a i n, whether by day or ni ght . (McGregor, Burnes.)
BATIKOT ~$26
34- 70-. El e v a t i o n 1, 850 f e e t . A v i l l a g e 21 mi l es s o u t h e a s t of
Jal al abad, cont ai ni ng about 800 houses, s i t u a t e d on t h e pl a i n of the
same name.
Her e t h e r e a r e f i v e o r s i x mud f o r t s , i n s i d e which the
v i l l a g e r s l i v e .
Su p p l i e s a r e p r o c u r a b l e , and t h e r e is a good en-
campi ng gr ound.
I t is famed f o r t h e Z i a r a t of Akhund Musa, who is
s a i d t o have made t he snakes on t h e Markoh har ml es s wi t h a word-
Ample wat er t hroughout t he year.
Fodder f or about 8,000 ani mal s for
one day and ungr ound g r a i n a b o u t 1, 000 maunds f r om Ba t i k o t and
nei ghbouri ng v i l l a g e s wi t hi n 4 miles pr ocur abl e. Fuel obt ai ned i n
s mal l qua nt i t i e s .
An a l t e r n a t i v e r o u t e br a nc he s o f f f r om h e r e , l e a d i n g t o Nimla vi a
Cha pr i a r e I t is us ed by Kuchi convoys t o e s c a p e i mpr es s ment of
camel s a t Jal al abad. The i nha bi t a nt s of Ba t i kot a r e ~ i r a h i s . (Mas-
Burnest Leech, MacGregor, Jenkyns, Johnston.)
BAWALI
34- 70-0
A l a r g e camping ground, 12 1/2 miles west of ~ a l a l a b a d On
t he road t o Gandamak, c l o s e t o t h e v i l l a g e of Rozabad.
Water ample
f rom Sur kh Rud.
Fodder f o r 10.000 a n i ma l s f o r one d a y about 2f oo0
maunds of unground g r a i n p r o c u r a b l e f r om nei ghbour hood.
There Is
s a r a i h e r e , b u i l t i n 1905. (I.B.C., J ohns t on. )
BAYAZID
A pl a c e i n t he Besud count r y.
BAZAN KHEL
JPd 'j 4
33-59 69-52. A v i l l a g e i n t h e J a j i count r y, j u s t w e s t of t h e Pai war
pass. I t is a s c a t t e r e d mount ai n haml et , and c ont a i ns some 20 o r 30
de t a c he d l i t t l e f o r t s s t u c k upon p r o j e c t i n g r o c k s a l l ove r t h e
h i l l s i d e . ( Bel l ew. ) Th i s p l a c e seems t o be c a l l e d Ba z a i Khel
g e n e r a l l y , i.e., t h e name of a Ghi l z a i s u b d i v i s i o n . (I.B.C.)
*BAZAR ,I;&
33-21 70-5 m. A v i l l a g e on t he Lakan r i v e r , s out he a s t of Lakan.
BAZARAK d,\j&
34-33 70-33 m. A v i l l a g e i n t h e Kunar v a l l e y , on t h e r i g h t bank of
a st ream. I t is a w e l l wal l ed- i n v i l l a g e of 300 houses. (Masson.)
Another v i l l a g e wi t h t h i s name is l ocat ed a t 35-20 69-30 m. (LWA)
BAZARAK See KACHU +d,'j&
BAZARAK ( Pas s ) See PARANDEV
BAZARI mr; &
34-48 69-9. A v i l l a g e i n t h e Koh Daman of Kabul , on t h e l e f t bank
of t h e Ak S a r a i s t r e a m, a b o u t 1 1/ 2 m i l e s f r om Ak Sa r a i . I n 1882,
i t cont ai ned f o r t s -- one bel ongi ng t o a Ki zi l bas h, one t o a Kharo-
t i , t wo t o Ta j i k s . Apa r t f r om t h e f o r t s , t h e r e a r e s a i d t o be 60
hous e s i n t h e p l a c e , a l l i n h a b i t e d by Ta j i k s . (I.B.C.)
* BAZGA I J; 6
32-58 67-56 m. A v i l l a g e l ocat ed some 15 miles nor t he a s t of Mukur
on t he highway t o Ghazni.
*BAZGAL Jj C
35-25 71-32 m. A v i l l a g e l ocat ed about 2 miles nor t h of t h e Landai
Si n (Kunar) r i v e r , e a s t of Ormol.
*BAZGULKHEL CGLCd;&
34-20 68-39 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d on a t r i b u t a r y of t h e Mai dan
river, some 10 miles w e s t of Nerkh.
BAZID KHEL &+.A
34- 70-. A v i l l a g e i n t he Kama Di vi s i on of t he J a l a l a ba d d i s t r i c t .
I nhabi t ant s: Mohmands and Wardaks. (Jenkyns.)
BAZ MUHAMMAD KHAN ;&
34-29 69-15. A s ma l l Ta j i k v i l l a g e on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Logar
r i ve r , s out he a s t of Kaubl and between Beni-Hisar and Bagrami.
BED
In t he Shai kh A l i count r y.
*REDAK J+
35-8 66-42 m. A v i l l a g e nor t hwest of t he Kuh-i-Laghband and nor t h
Of Tusri . Other pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name a r e l ocat ed on a pa t h l eadi ng
t o Qomaghai on t he Darazqol r i v e r , a t 34-19 67-2 m.; on t h e Helmand
r i v e r , some 10 mi l es west of Qash, a t 34-29 68- 4 m.; n e a r Chehel
Dukht ar an, some 15 mi l es s o u t h of Kabul , a t 34-21 69-4 m.; and,
w e s t of t he road from Ghazni t o Kabul, a t 33-53 69-2 m.
BEDAK 344
34-39 67-13 m. A haml et i n t he Sar-i-Kol s u b d i s t r i c t of Yakh Walang.
BEDAK 44,
34-44 69-2 m. A v i l l a g e i n t h e Koh Daman of Kabul , bet ween Bezat i
and KaMara, about 23 miles nor t hwest of Kabul. I t is descri bed by
Masson a s r o ma n t i c a l l y s i t u a t e d on an emi nence, and sur r ounded by
gardens, vi neyards, and orchards. I nhabi t ant s : Ta j i k s (150 houses
and Ki z i l b a s h i s (50 hous es ) . Here and a t I s t a l i f a r e grown t he
punj a - c hi na r t r ees, t h e t i mb e r of whi ch is s e n t t o Kabul f o r t he
ma nuf a c t ur e of gun- c a r r i a ge s . Wal nut - t i mber i s a l s o s e n t i n f or
r i f l e- s t ocks .
BED DARA *J J*
A s e c t i on of t he Chahar Dasta Hazaras. There is a l s o a v i l l a g e with
t h i s name on t he Kabul r i v e r , acr os s from Basawul, a t 34-16 70-55
m. (LWA)
BEDKUL &b!
34-53 68-17 m. A d a r a whi ch j o i n s t h e Ghorband v a l l e y from t he
s o u t h , about 3 mi l es e a s t of t h e Sh i b a r pas s . I t is i n t h e Shaikh
A l i count ry.
BED MASHK O r BEDMUSHK
h 4 r
33-44 68-23 m. A v i l l a g e i n t h e Sar - i - Ab v a l l e y , about 16 mi l e s
nort hwest of Ghazni. I t c ont a i ns about 100 houses of Besud Hazaras.
A t about 1 mi l es n o r t h we s t of Bed Mashk t h e Sar-i -Ab s t r eam is
c r o s s e d by a wooden b r i d g e , p a s s a b l e f o r c a me l s , b u t not s t r ong
enough f o r f i e l d guns. (I.B.C.)
BEGAL
&
35-11 67-30 m. An a r e a i n t h e upper v a l l e y of t h e Sai ghan r i v e r ,
near t he v i l l a g e of Irgana.
BEGAM KALA %&
33-40 68-51 G. A v i l l a g e i n Kharwar; 30 houses of Ghi l zai s. (Gries-
bach. )
BEGRAN Or BEGARA "\A
35-12 69-22 m. A v i l l a g e i n t he upper Panj s hi r gl en s i t u a t e d some 2
mi l e s below Anaba. I t has 150 houses of Taj i ks. (Shahzada aim us.)
Anot her v i l l a g e wi t h t h i s name is l o c a t e d a t 34-58 69-17 A*
(LwA)
BEG SAMAND
A&
34- 68-. A c o l l e c t i o n of t h i r t e e n f o r t s , on t h e road between
Maidan and Wardak.
The p l a c e is s ur r ounded on a l l s i d e s by h i l l s , and is s a i d t o be
about 1 4 miles west of Shaikhabad. Rice, wheat, jowar, and Indian-
c o r n a r e grown i n t h e v a l l e y , whi ch is wat er ed by t h e Dai ~ i r d a d
St t eam from t h e Hazara h i 11s. I n h a b i t a n t s : p i a r u Khel ~ h i l z a i s ,
Wardaks, and Hazaras. (I.B.C.) A gl en wi t h t h i s name is l ocat ed a t
34-10 68-37 G. (LWA)
BmUT Or BEKTUT
G$ &
34-33 68-56 m. A c o l l e c t i o n of e i ght f o r t s between Paghman nrghan-
deh, 11 mi l es w e s t of Kabul. I t is f u l l of o r c h a r d s , and t h e r e i s
l i t t l e ot her cul t i vat i on.
I nhabi t ant s: Ta j i ks and Ki z i l ba s hi s of t h e Far asha subdi vi si on. I t
was t o t h i s poi nt t h a t Macpherson f ol l owed t h e r e t i r i n g Afghans on
t h e 1 1 t h December 1879, a f t e r t h e c a v a l r y and h o r s e a r t i l l e r y had
r e t i r e d t o She r pur . I . B. C. The name is a l s o s p e l l e d Be kt ot .
( LWA
BEGTUT
.;A!-
34- 69-. A v i l l a g e i n c l u d e d i n t h e Chandawal q u a r t e r of Kabul
ci t y. ~ n h a b i t a n t s : Ki z i l b a s h i s . (I.B.C.)
BEHAR See BAHAR
BEHBUD
A s ubs ect i on of t he Besud. There is a l s o a v i l l a g e wi t h t h i s name,
nor t hwest of t h e Ab-i -Ist ada, a t 32-33 67-46 m. (LWA)
*BEHSUD See BESUD dm
BEHUDA
4 J *
34-59 68-35 G. A d a r a d r a i n i n g s o u t h f r om Band- i - War sandan and
ent er i ng t he Ghorband v a l l e y 7-1/2 m i l e s w e s t of Pin-Sehwak. Here
t h e mai n v a l l e y wi de ns o u t t o 1/ 4 m i l e ; b u t i t s bed is uneven and
its s l ope s st eep. Cul t i va t i on i n occas i onal pat ches.
A t t he mouth of t he Dara Behuda t he r e is a s ma l l haml et , wi t h a few
trees; and up t h e da r a l i v e 60 f a mi l i e s of Babar Hazaras, owning 10
f l o c k s and 200 head of c a t t l e . A bad f o o t p a t h l e a d s up t h e d a r a t o
t he Taor i Kot al on t he Band-i-Warsandan. (Peacocke.)
*BEHZADI 6 J' j -e
34-42 69-2 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d n o r t h we s t of Kabul and west of t h e
road t o Char i kar .
BELUCH &
32- 69-. A h a l t i n g - p l a c e on t h e r oad f r om Sha ki n t o Urgon, 1 3
mi l es sout h of t h e l a t t e r and 2 m i l e s nor t h of t h e Spi dar Narai. I t
is t he si t e of a s ma l l t empor ar y v i l l a g e of about 20 houses.
Water is a v a i l a b l e and a l i t t l e g r a z i n g , b u t no o t h e r s u p p l i e s .
( I .B.C.)
BELUT See BILUT 4 9
BEMARU See BIMARU (,~d&)
BENI BADAM See BIN-I-BADAM
r'aC+
BENI HISAR See BIN-I-HISAR
L & e
34-29 69-13 m. A v i l l a g e
l ocat ed about 4 m i l e s sout h of ~ a i u l .
BEN I NGA G
34- 70-. A v i l l a g e i n t h e Besud d i v i s i o n o f t h e ~ a l a l a b a d d i s -
t r i c t , c l o s e t o t h e s o u t h e r n e n t r a n c e of t h e ~ a i k o b d e f i l e . I t i s
Probably i de nt i c a l wi t h t he Bi ni gah of Jenkyns. I f so, t he i nhabi -
t a nt s a r e Mohmands.
I t was a t Beninga t h a t Doran def eat ed a body of f i g h t e r s under Mulla
Kha l i l i n May 1889. (I.B.C.)
'BESARAK
33-24 67-59 m. A v i l l a g e l ocat ed near t h e ~ o l y a q o l st r eam, s out he a s t
of t he Dast-i-Nawar.
BESUD Or BEHSUD J*
34-27 70-27. Behsud is an alaqadari in Nangarhar province. The
alaqadari comprises an area of 220 square kilometers and has an
agricultural population that has been estimated at about 12,500.
The alaqadari is bounded in the north by Kauz Konar, in the east by
Kama, in the south by Surkh Rud, and in the west by the State of
Pakistan. Behsud has about 41 villages, 17 of which have more than
500 inhabitants. The villages are listed in the PG as follows:
Buland Ghar, Shaghali, Chahar Mora, Qala-i-Mirza, Banda Mohabat,
Hazar Mishi, Bini Gah, Kakaran, Pirawar, Miran, Qasaba-i-Nahr-i-
Shahi, Char Asiab, Zangoy, Welayati, Ekhlasbad, Nahr-i-Shahi, Karez-
i-Kabir, Gerdi Kaj, Hada-i-Sharif, Mirak Bela, Qala-i-Janan Khan,
A M ian, Samar Khel (Shar Khel) , Qasembad, Qala-i-Shahi, Chamyar, Du
Bila-i-Ulya, Khush Gunbad , Tangi Tukhchi, Bahrabad, Qala-i-Muqam
Khan, Tamirat, Saracha-i-Ali Khan, Arbha-i-Saracha, Saracha, Naqdi
Saracha, Arabha-i-Pataw, Jamali, Sardaran, Behsud Khas, Nahr-i-
Massi. (LWA) In 1914 this area was described as follows: A divi-
sion of the Jalabad district comprising all that portion of the
latter lying to the north of the Kabul, and west of the Kunar
rivers. It is officially called Rud-i-Kashkot (for revenue pur-
poses), but takes its popular name from the village of Besud. It
has a mixed population of Arabs, Dehgans, and Ta jiks.
The following is a list of the villages contained in Besud, drawn up
by Jenkyns in 1879:
Village Inhabitants Village Inhabitants
Bahrabad Ri kas
Kasimabad Dehgans, Tajiks,
Af ghans
Banaras Duranis
Khan
Gaomesh Arabs
Be la
Nahar-i- Dehgans , Ta j i ks
Masi
Abad ian
11 I 1
Dubela (2)
11 11
Sayyid Ahmad Arabs
Wilaiti
n
Ikhlasabad Ta j iks, Arabs
Zangui Arabs
Besud Tajiks, Arabs
Mirga Bela
Nurzai-o-
Ushtur i
Jamal i-o-
Si rbadal i
Kazi Muham-
mad Shah
Bi langar
Bininga
Pirawar
Tokchi
Nurkhel
Daulatshahi
Ta j iks, Arabs
Tajiks, Arabs
Tajiks, Arabs
Tajiks
Arabs, Tajiks,
Dehqans
Mohmands
Arabs
Tajiks,
Barkazais
Dehqans
I 1 11
Besud is described by Brigadier-~eneral Doran as bounded on the
north by a range of hills separating it from the plain called the
Dasht-i-Gamberi, and from the rich valley of the Kunar river. There
are three main tangis, or passes, through these hills--the ~aruf on
the west, the Tokchi on the east along the right bank of the KUnar,
and the Paikob, about 2 miles west of the ~okchi and separated from
it by a high hill, running north and south and about 4 mileg in
length. The Tokchi Tangi is passable by infantry in single filer
and cavalry can lead through it, though with some risk, as the path
at one place is along a wooden aqueduct 4 feet wide, over-hanging
the Kunar river. The Paikob pass presents no difficulties. The
Kunar after passing through the hills joins the Kabul river about 4
miles below Jalalabad and forms the eastern boundary of the dis-
trict. The only portions of Besud in which troops can act are
strips on the banks of the two rivers and the slopes at the foot of
the range of hills. The whole of the centre of the district is, at
the season when the operations took place (May ), under rice culti-
vation, and forms an expanse of standing water and marsh intersected
by numerous deep watercourses, with ditches branching from them in
all directions.
In the month above mentioned in 1880, a column was sent by Lieute-
nant General Bright from Jalalabad into Besud, to operate against a
priest, Mullah Khalil by name, who was raising the tribes there
against the British. The mullah was routed near Beninqa. (Jenkyns,
Doran, Coldstream.)
BESUD
A section of Hazaras.
*BESUD d-
34-21 67-54. Markaz-i-Behsud is a woleswali in Wardak aidan an)
province. The woleswali comprises an area of 2,198 square kilome-
ters and has an agricultural population that has been estimated at
from 30,935 to 40,154. The woleswali is bounded in the west by
Panjab, in the north by Bamian, in the east by Behsud 2 and Day
Mirdad, and in the south by Nawar. Markaz-i-Behsud included 303
villages. The villages are listed in the PG as follows: Koh-i-
Birun, Mir Bacha, Gharghara, Maidan, Sukhta, Bid Qol, Sar Jarya
Khana, Nau Rah, Zarnala, Girdolang Mir Shadi, Siroq-i-Mir Shadi,
Balder Ena, Behbud, Sanginak, Sayed Bacha Qala, Sayed Bacha Muka,
Chap Nau, Khak Badak, Nau Balaye, ~rgin, Sayed ~ol-i-Kushta, Khushk
Qol, Qarukh Nau, Shiberak, Sar Bulaq, Miyan ~ o l , Sabzah, Dasht-i-
Koh-i-Birun, Shiberak Mir Bacha, Dewar, Sar Sang-Parida, Kajak-Sar
Sang, Dahan Sar-i-Sang-i-Parida, Shibar-i-Kalanzai, Nurak Kalanzai,
Kalanzai, Ajam, Lundha, Dasht-i-Mir Bacha, Shibar, Hesar, Hujra-i-
Kalanzai, Paye Kajak, Sanginak-i-Kalanzai, ~asht-i-Rast, Khurdakzai,
Qarya-i-Ewaz, Ghawchak Ewaz, Shirum, Dashtak, Nawer Subh, Qarya-i-
Zaryafta, Shirum wa Baba Khan, Sirah Qol, La1 Bak, Jan Qarah, Jam-
bud, Maghak, Zaghcha, Obaye, Altar Ankak, Qol-i-Khurdak, Khushk Ab,
Sar Qol, Bed Qol, Sabz Sang, Sabz China, Qash, Shag Qol, Ab-Dar,
Bum, Mirshadi, Kotal-i-Mula Yaqub, Men j Kora, Seb Joy, Joy-i-Namud,
Gardan Qara, Ajum Kotal, Paye Qol Kotal, Jalil Kotal, Shar Jalil,
Jaw Qol, Gurdam-i-Band Shoy, Dahan Reshqa, Band Shoye, Kalan Khana,
Surkhbad, Terabad, Tuli Qol, Dewali, Nau Rah, Paye Koshek, Kutak,
Tai Rashk, Delka, Dewal Qol, Sar Band, Kushk, Dasht-i-Saqi, Ramoz,
Qobi Bahi, Warni Tagab, Sar Jangal Bahi, Qala-i-Sultan, Qala-i-Kata,
Sar-1-Qol Bahi, Seyah Kharak, Barik Joy, Karezak, Dahan Bahi, Haq
Dad, Chob-i-Shanda, Payeki, Jangalak, Mangasak, Janqara, Payendah
Qadam, Sar Ulyad, Zar Joy, Baghak, Sar Qol Baghak, Khak Pahenda,
Qichak, Qol-i-Nokerr, Wardak-i-Ulya wa Sufla, Zeratak, Nawur Ghaibi,
Wagaw Murda, Qawda-i-Dal, Gidar Go, Daman, Seyah Nahur, Nau Joy, Bai
Ramoz, Petab-i-Deh Murdagan, Kata Khaki, Raba Dahan, Seyah Khak,
Moshak, Bayazid, Hoqi, Safed Sang, Mandalyad, Qol-i-Juwali, Giro,
Qarya-i-Marg, Qara Qol, Mir Bacha, Shekh Dawlat, Jar-i-Ali, Qawm,
Berimak, Qebcherak, Nala-i-Dehqan, Seyah Qol, Gawhar, Kamarak, Khar-
Qol, Sangi-Shanda, Sar Zirat, Paye-i-Zirat, Qol Ikhtiyar, Sar-i-Top-
i-ojai, Qol-i-Banda, Ajdar, Joye Zang, Miyana Deh, Qol-i-Mirak,
Alam, Mazar Gardan, Hasht Darakht, Shina, Baraki, Siyah Sanqak,
Surkh, Surab Goshak, Du Abi, Qambar Ali Helmand, Shina, Baba, Ghu-
jur, Dam Ghajur, Halwa Qol, Sar Iska, Ali Dad ya Sar Iska, Shah
Qadam-i-para Shak, Naudal-i-Khedr, Khedr, Sher Dad, Helmand, Abagha,
Tokhak, Shah Sultan Ata, Shukur, Oba Chorah, Shina Qurban, Duma
Joy, Shad Mohamad, Tokhak, Qambar A1 i-i-Ka j ab, Pewand, Bughundak,
Abagha, Dawlat, Giroy, Baba, Sadat-i-Kajab, Kajab, Juma Ali, Khurdi,
Ab Paye, Arab, Toman, Damarda, Dopushta, Qalandar , Khalil Murda,
Sarbad-i-Asyab, Qarqatak, Khar Qol, Shash Burja, Khan Mula, Arab-
Ka jab, Raqol, Zard Sang-i-Dost, Iska, Shahrak, Shai tan, Gidar Gejo,
Rashk, Gardel, Tala Qol, Barghasang, Khalil wa Khwaja Hasan, Qarya-
i-Khalil, Choli-i-Daman, Aptak Khalil, Kohna Deh-i-Zerat, Zar Sang,
Safed Dewar, Sabz Samuch, Qarya-i-Marg Omarak, Chuli, Dewar ~ o l ,
Safed Sang, Bum, Babaka, Deljam, Juma Ali, Nadri, Miyan Qol, Kata
Sang, Naurist, Bahadurka, Ojai, Jay1 Baz, Koh Shak, Qala-i-Zangi,
Sabz Sangak, Koti-i-Sangak, Tala Deh, Bulghak, Chaw, Seyah Qeta,
Dahan Sinak, Band Dal i f Surab-i-Choli (Sar-i-Suhrab) , Ata-i-Pul-i-
Afghanan, Qurukh, Safed Dewar, Bad Asyab, Abtak-i-Juma Ali, Miyana,
Awribab, Panj i Qala, Khar Qol-i-Pan j i, Sar Qol, Khak Afghan-i-Ghaib,
Sarbad Asyab, Juma Ali, Da Murda, Safed Sang Ata, Darwishan, Omar
Khan, Sabz Darakht-i-Toman, Safed Bed, Seh Qala, Seh Sarah, Ghaib
Ali, Sadat Khurdi, Dasht-i-Bud Bad, Bad Syab), Khurdi, Qorah, Qarya-
i-Panji, Seh Qaum, Gardan Burida, and Ghawas, Wazirbad (Sahib).
*BESUD h
34-30 68-15. Hesa-i-Awal Behsud is a woleswali in Wardak province.
The woleswali comprises an area of 1,327 square kilometes and has an
agricultural population that has been estimated at from 13,722 to
14,257. The woleswali is bounded in the west by Markaze Behsud, in
the north by Shibar and Surkh Parsa, in the east by Jalrez, and in
the south by Day Mirdad. Hesa-i-Awal Behsud includes 100 villages,
11 of which have more than 500 inhabitants. The villages are listed
in the PG as follows: Qarya-i-Dostdar, Qol-i-Bangi, Toba-Kahi, Qol-
i-Faqir, Dahan-i-Tanor, Tak Parida, Oba-i-Sayed, Topak, Pir Mohamad,
Seya Buta, Qarya-i-Shirdad, Shirdad-i-~alanzai, Shirdad-i-Khurdak-
zai, Shirdad Abdara wa Fara Khulm, Shirdad La1 Beg, Seyah Sang,
Oezel Bashia, Tibar wa Gandah Qol, Sar Ulum, Shaikh Chal, Dost Qul,
Zarkharid, Qala-i-Nau, Qol-i-Kalan, Lata Band, Oba-i-Zafar wa Sharak
Zafar, Chokana, Dasht-i-Utman, Lorah, Dasht-i-Qala, Sabz Darakht,
Sabz Kelk, Gardan Dewar, Qash Qargho, Ahangaran, Jaw Darak, ~arya-i-
Tezak, Khar Bedak, Gardan Tala, Bidak, Demorad, Shahr aye-Mirdad,
Sag-i-Zayida, Abpa, Dahan, Qala-i-Murad Khan, Kota-i-Serak, Qala-i-
Sayed, Sebak, Yurtop, Daye Mirdad Hesa-i-Awal, ~ol-i-~hushhal, Sur-
khak- i-Qol, Chol-i-Qol, Edak Hessar, Kah Khana, Khan Mohd., Shina,
Shah Qol, Dasht-i-Shina, Zard Qol, Burghistan, Dahan-i-Hesar, Miya-
na, Dahan-i-Lakhshan, Ujurak, Wari Kabk, Kharzar, Shah Mazid, Sar
Qol, Cholail, Lakhshan, Charshanba, Surkhak, AWul Khaleq, Seh Kota~
JO Qol, Garm Ab Topak, Garm Ab Qol-i-Chakar, Garm Ab, Dahan Garm Ab,
Yordjo Qol, Yord Dozd, Jo Qol-i-Bala, JO ~ol-i-pain, Darweshan, Pang
As~ab, Mir Bacha, Tanor, Qirghoy, Bepsarak, Barghasang, Titar, Da-
han-i-Abdala, Paitab, Abdala, Safed Bed, Panjpai, Nayak, aha ah-i-Ab
Dara, Zargaran, Kahmaro, Hesar, Farjam, Kakakzara, and Gul Mazar.
B ESUD
Jm
A Darghan Hazara hamlet of 10 families in the Kalu glen.
BESOD OR BESUT w
34-27 70-28. The principal village in the subdistrict of the same
name. It is situated about 5 miles from Jalalabad on the left bank
of the Kabul river. Inhabitants Tajiks and Arabs. (Jenkyns)
BESUDI (not BESUD)
A subdivision of the Daya Polada Hazaras.
BEZATI j'je
34-42 69-2 m. A v i l l a g e i n t he Koh Daman of Kabul between Baba Kush
Kar and Bedak. The i nha bi t a nt s a r e a l l ~ a j i k s , and t h e r e a r e about
LOO houses i n t he pl ace, I t is cel ebr at ed f or its vi negar , which is
manufactured from mul ber r i es , r a i s i n s and grapes. (I.B.C.)
BIAN KHEL Or BAYANKHEL
&L-:
33-57 69-45 m. A v i l l a g e mi dway bet ween t h e Pai war Kot a l and A l i
Khel , on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e ~ a r a i a s t r e a m. The v i l l a g e is si -
t uat ed on a r avi ne of t he same name. A camp was formed her e i n t he
e a r l y p a r t of 1879 f o r a p o r t i o n of t h e Kurram F i e l d For ce.
(I.B.C.)
BIAR (BAR AND KUZ) rd.
34- 70-. A gr oup of v i l l a g e s on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Wazi r Rud,
about 12 mi l es e a s t o f Gandamak. Ther e is a Kuchi campi ng gr ound
her e. (I.B.C.)
BIB1 MAHRU KALA 1W&J!
34- 70-. A v i l l a g e i n t h e Ch a p r i a r d i v i s i o n of t h e J a l a l - a b a d
d i s t r i c t , di t ua t e d on t he l e f t bank of t h e Chapri ar
s t r eam, oppos i t e
Deh- i-Gar. I n h a b i t a n t s : Ta j i k s and Dehgans. ( Jenkyns. ) A p l a c e
wi t h t h i s name is l ocat ed 34-33 69-12 A. (LWA)
BIB1 MARU See BIMARU WJ I L s !
*BIDAD KALAI &\+
35-1 71-23 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d on a t r i b u t a r y of t h e Kunar r i v e r ,
t hr ee miles s out heas t of Asmar.
BIDIWA ' ~ t +
35-13 70-51 A. A h a l t i n g - p l a c e on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Vi r un ( o r
Pech) r i ve r , about 66 miles above Chigha Sar ai . No s uppl i e s procur-
a b l e e xc e pt f u e l and g r a s s . (I.B.C.)
BIHAR-I-SUFLA c r ) & ~' 9-
34-18 70-14. A v i l l a g e i n t h e ~ h u g i a n i d i v i s i o n of t h e J a l a l a b a d
d i s t r i c t , s i t u a t e d about 5 m i l e s sout h of Fatehabad. The i nhabi t -
ant s belong t o t he Kharbun s e c t i on of t he Khugianis. (Jenkyns.)
BIHAR-I-ULYA *& J'-V
34- 70-. A v i l l a g e i n t h e Khugi ani d i v i s i o n of t h e J a l a l a - b a d
d i s t r i c t , a bout 4 m i l e s s o u t h e a s t of Bi har - i - Suf l a . I n h a b i t a n t s :
Kharbun Khugianis. With t h i s v i l l a g e t h a t of Surma is i ncl uded i n
one township. (Jenkyns. )
'BILA 4
34-16 70-52 m. A v i l l a g e on t h e Kabul r i v e r , a c r o s s t h e r i v e r from
Basawul.
+BILANDI ,-.;L
35-5 69-9 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d on t h e Ghorband r i v e r , a f ew m i l e s
north of Chari kar.
BILAND KALA d1;L
34-59 69-15 G. A s mal l vi l l a ge , s i t u a t e d a t t he nor t hwest cor ner of
t he pl ai n of Bagram,
nor t h Kabul. A few Hindu t r a d e r s r e s i de her e,
who have cons i der abl e i nt er cour s e wi t h t he nei ghbouri ng h i l l t r i be s .
(Masson. )
BILANGAR Or BOLAND GHAR >4
34-37 70-30 G. A v i l l a g e i n t h e Besud d i v i s i o n o f t h e J a l a l a b a d
d i s t r i c t . I nha bi t a nt s : Arabs, Ta j i k s , and Dehgans. (Jenkyns.)
*BILANGASH &\tL
33-52 68-34 m. A v i l l a g e l oc a t e d w e s t of t h e Ghazni-Kabul road,
near Ao Narai .
BILEL KHEL &a
34- 70-. A v i l l a g e i n t h e Khugi a ni d i v i s i o n o f t h e J a l a l a - ba d
d i s t r i c t , 2 miles s out h of Akori. I nha bi t a nt s : Kharbun Khugianis.
( Jenkyns. )
BILUT OR BELUT 4
33- 69-. A g r o u p o f 3 h a ml e t s on t h e l e f t bank o f t h e La l i da r
s t r eam, about hal f-way bet ween t h e Pai war Kot al and A l i Khel. They
c ont a i n some 50 houses of J a j is. From Bi l u t t wo r oads l ead, respec-
t i v e l y , v i a t h e La k a r a i Ko t a l t o S a f e d Sa ng, 54-1/2 mi l es, and vi a
t h e Khar s hat al Kot al t o Khurd Kabul, 48 m i l e s . Both t h e s e r oads ar e
s a i d t o be p r a c t i c a b l e f o r camel s , and f or m l a t e r a l communications
bet ween t h e Khai bar and Pai war Kot al mai n r o u t e s t o Kabul. (I.B.C.)
Re c e nt maps show t h e s p e l l i n g Bar Be l a wu t a t 33-59 69-50 m.
( LWA1
BIMARU OR BEMARU, BIB1 MAHRU I-&&
34-33 69-12 A. A v i l l a g e a t t h e n o r t h e a s t c o r n e r of t h e Sher pur
cant onment s. I nha bi t a nt s : Ta j i k s and Khwajas. The r i dge , a t t he
e a s t e r n end of whi c h t h e v i l l a g e s t a n d s , c a l l e d i n t h e o l d war t he
"Bimaru hei ght s, " f or ms t h e nor t h s i d e of t h e Sher pur encl os ur e, and
was a f e a t u r e of much mi l i t a r y i mpor t ance bot h i n 1841 and i n 1879;
and i n t h e l a s t campai gn t h e v i l l a g e i t s e l f was t ur ned t o account,
f i r s t a s a d e f e n s i v e p o s t , and s u b s e q u e n t l y a s t h e t r a s p o r t head-
q u a r t e r s . The p l a c e is c a l l e d , a t l e n g t h , Bi b i Maru, a f t e r t he
s i s t er of h o l y man of P e r s i a , who was a t Kabul i n Ba ba r ' s t i me.
Both br ot he r and sister have s hr i ne s ; t h e br ot he r ' s , a l i t t l e t o t he
s o u t h of t h e r i d g e , was d e s t r o y e d i n December 1879 by t h e Br i t i s h ,
when h o l d i n g Sh e r p u r ; b u t t h e si st er' s s h r i n e , j u s t a bove t h e v i l -
l a g e was not i nj ur ed. Both s h r i n e s have a g r e a t r eput e; t h a t of t he
b r o t h e r , Sa y y i d Mehdi , f o r b o t h s e x e s , and a l l r e l i gi ons - - Hi ndu,
Sunni , and Shi ah; t h a t of t h e sister, f o r women onl y, but f or women
of e v e r y f a i t h . (I.B.C.)
*B IMAT w
33- 31 68-8 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d on a t r i b u t a r y o f t h e ~ h a z n i
r i v e r , some t went y miles s out hwes t o f Ghazni.
B I NARUM pL
35-24 71-20. A Ka f i r h a ml e t on a b o u t t h e s a me l e v e l a s , and one
and ha l f miles d i s t a n t f r om, Kamdesh. 1t c o n s i s t s of not more than
a dozen houses, s t a ndi ng on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Bashgul , but bears
s i g n s of h a v i n g be e n f o r me r l y of g r e a t e r i mp o r t a n c e t h a n i t is a t
P r e s e n t . To r e a c h Bi nar um f r om Kamdesh t h e t o r r e n t t o t h e e a s t
which t u r n s t h e wa t e r - mi l l s ha s t o be cr os s ed. (Robertson. )
BIN-I-BADAM + J&+
34-18 68-37. A v i l l a g e i n t h e Mai dan d i s t r i c t , on t h e wardak
bor der , 8 i t ua t e d bet ween Kala-i-Durani and Sar - i-Top. ~n h a b i t a n t s :
Gh i l z a i s of t h e Adr amzai and Ahmadzai d i v i s i o n s . The r e a r e onl y
a b o u t 100 h o u s e s on t h e p l a i n , b u t on t h e h i l l s i d e t h e r e a r e 3 or
f o r t s b e l o n g i n g t o t h e p l a c e . The ma i n r oa d f r om Kabul t o (;hazni
r uns p a s t Bi n i Badam, whi ch is a b o u t a m i l e t o t h e w e s t of i t , a t a
p o i n t n e a r l y mi dway be t we e n Kal a- i - Sher Muhammad ( o r Dur a ni ) and
Top. The Langar road pa s s e s t hr ough t he vi l l a ge . (I.B.C.)
BIN-I-GAH See BENINGA 4E+
BINIGAO >\S*
The name appl i ed t o t he l ower por t i on of t he Khurdak Takht a, be f or e
i t s j u n c t i o n wi t h t h e Panj ao.
The r e is a l s o a mount a i n wi t h t h i s
name. A v i l l a g e wi t h t h i s name is l ocat ed a t 34-15 66-43 m., and
a st r eam wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d 34-14 66-54 m. (LWA)
BIN-I-GAO-GIR IcsJU*
34- 69-. A c a t t l e t o l l s t a t i o n i n Logar , on t h e d i r e c t r oa d f r om
Kabul t o Kushi, due e a s t of Ku t i Khel. The t o l l is s a i d t o be wor t h
R s . 12, 000 p e r annum. (I.B.C.)
BIN-I-HISAR J'- cjc!
34-29 69-13 m. A l a r g e i r r e g u l a r v i l l a g e i n t he Kabul d i s - t r i c t , 2
miles sout h of t h e Bal a Hi sar on t h e Logar road, which r uns t hr ough
i t . I t s t a n d s a t t h e f o o t of a l ong s pur r unni ng down f r om t h e
Takht-i-Shah. The v i l l a g e has about 400 houses on we l l - c ul t i va t e d
l a nd, whi ch is wa t e r e d by a c a n a l (Nahr-i -Damgah) f r om t h e Logar
r i v e r . I t p o s s e s s e s many o r c h a r d s and g a r d e n s , and t h e Bagh- i -
Sar kar i , a r oyal garden cons t r uct ed by Amir Sher A l i , s t a nds t o t h e
s out h of t h e wa l l s . Near t h i s g a r d e n S i r Fr e d e r i c k Robe r t s ' f o r c e
bi vouacked on t h e 7 t h Oc t obe r 1879, t h e da y a f t e r t h e a c t i o n of
Charasia. I t was by t h e Bi n-i -Hi sar spur t h a t t h e 92nd Hi ghl ander s
advanced on t h e 1 8 t h December 1879 when t h e Takht - i - Shah was c a r -
r i ed, and he r e Li eut enant Forbes of t h e r egi ment f e l l .
The i n h a b i t a n t s of Bi n- i - Hi s a r a r e Ki z i l b a s h i s and Ta j i k s ( t h e
former pr e ponde r a t i ng) . (I.B.C.)
BININGA See BENINGA
33-40 68-24 m.
*BINISANG L+
33-46 67-33 m. A v i l l a g e on t h e Nawa- i - Bat ur , n e a r t h e v i l l a g e of
Barakjui. Another v i l l a g e wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d on t h e Ghazni
r i ve r , some 8 miles nor t h of Ghazni, a t 33-40 68-24 m.
BIN-I-SEHWAK Or SHEWAK 4~ , +e
34-56 68-29 A. El e v a t i o n 7, 340 f e e t . A s ma l l v i l l a g e i n t h e
Shaikh A l i count r y.
*BIN-I-SIASANG
L
34-7 67-23 m. A v i l l a g e ne a r t h e s o u r c e of a t r i b u t a r y of t h e
Helmand r i ve r , i n s out her n Bamian provi nce.
BIN-I-YAR JL w
A v i l l a g e which appear s t o be s i t u a t e d i n a branch of t he Kol-i-Yer,
a gl en which j oi ns t h e main Ghorband va l l e y from t he nor t h a t ah an-
i-Kaoshan. (Mai t l and. )
BIRGALICH
35-1 67-58. A v a l l e y i n t h e e a s t e r n p a r t of t h e Bami an d i s t r i c t
dr ai ni ng sout hwards from t he Jal mi sh Kot al t o t h e main Shi bar gl e n,
which i t j o i n s a bout 7-1/2 mi l es w e s t of t h e Sh i b a r pa s s . For t h e
f i r s t 4 mi l es of i t s c o u r s e i t is known a s t h e Rah Kol; h e r e i t i s
j oi ned f r om t h e l e f t by t h e J a oz a r Dar a and, a m i l e l owe r down, by
a not he r wi de gl e n l e a di ng from t h e Sangandao Kotal.
A t its head t he
Rah ~ o l ha s a wi dt h of a bout 50 ya r ds , i nc r e a s i ng gr adual l y a s it
a ppr oa c he s t h e poi nt of j unct i on of t h e Jaozar Dara. From t hi s
poi nt down t o Kala Yadgar (6-1/2 miles from t h e Jal mi sh Kotal) t he
Bi r gal i ch val l ey is some 200 y a r d s wi de, w e l l c ul t i va t e d, with
occasi onal gr a s s y chamans and a good st r eam. A s h o r t di st ance
below Kala Yadgar it c o n t r a c t s s udde nl y and f o r t h e r emai nder of its
c o u r s e f l ows t h r o u g h a narrow, r ock- bound gor ge , e nc l os e d by l of t y
pe r pe ndi c ul a r c l i f f s , and known a s t h e Tangi Kablantu. Thi s gor ge
is not more t ha n 50 ya r ds wi de i n t h e b r o a d e s t p a r t s and f r equent l y
c o n t r a c t s t o about 30 f e e t .
A good camel road ( Nor t he a s t Af ghani s t an) l e a ve s t h e main Shibar-
Bamian road a bout 4-1/2 m i l e s w e s t of t h e Shi bar p a s s and, running
nor t h e a s t , e n t e r s t h e Bi r gal i ch Dara a t Kala Yadgar and cont i nues
up it t o t h e Jal mi sh Kotal a t its head. A d i f f i c u l t camel t rack
r uns up t h e Tangi Kablantu and j oi ns t h i s r oad a t Kala Yadgar.
The Bi r gal i ch Dara be l ongs t o t h e Kalu s u b d i s t r i c t b u t pays revenue
di r e c t l y t o t h e Hakim of Bamian. I t c ont a i ns a bout 120 fami l i es of
K hat ai Hazaras. (Maitland, Peacocke. )
BIRJAMA bk C!
A vi l l age in t h e u p p e r Panj s hi r gl en, 5 m i l e s above Marz, 20 houses
of Taj i ks. ( Shahzada Taimus.)
BIRKOT Or BARIKOT e&
35-18 71-32 m. On of t h e f i v e Gabar vi l l a ge s of t h e Kunar valley,
on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e r i ver , o p p o s i t e t o, and 1, 000 ya r ds sout h
o f , Arundu (Arnawai) a s t h e cr ow f l i e s . The hous e s , about 60 in
number, a r e c l os e l y f i t t e d t o g e t h e r i n t h e form of a s qua r e and
s ur r ounde d by an 18- f oot wa l l , wi t h a t owe r a t e a c h cor ner . The
e a s t e r n f a c e of t h e w a l l is i n a di l a pi da t e d condi t i on. The houses
a r e bui l t up a ga i ns t t h e wa l l . The c e n t r e of t h e vi l l age is an
ext r emel y f i l t h y f ar myar d, whe r e e xt r e me l y narrow l a ne s converge.
The e nt r a nc e t o t h e vi l l age is by a g a t e i n t h e s o u t h wa l l . There
is h e r e a ga r r i s on of one i nf a nt r y r egi ment and t wo mountain guns,
whos e Lines, t o g e t h e r wi t h t h e marri ed qua r t e r s , a r e out s i de t he
wal l s t o t h e s out h and s o u t h w e s t , and n o t f o r t i f i e d i n any way.
The gr ound r ound Bi r kot is h i g h l y c ul t i va t e d, c h i e f l y wi t h rice and
a little I ndi an corn. The val l ey a t Bi r kot , from t h e r i ve r t o t he
hi l l s on t h e r i g h t bank, is about 1/2 m i l e wide. The r i ver banks
a r e ver y hi gh and t h e r i ve r f l ows ver y r api dl y. From bank t o bank
is about 100 ya r ds and i n autumn t h e wat er is about 60 ya r ds wide.
Ther e is no b r i d g e or f e r r y he r e , and t h e r i ve r is c r os s e d by
i nf l a t e d s ki ns . The hi l l s a r e wooded. One m i l e above Bi r kot me
t h e r ui ns of an ol d br i dge . The r i ve r is ve r y narrow h e r e and t he
s i t e is a good one f o r a br i dge . ( Rober t s on, I.B.C., N.I.)
BIRMAL Or BARMAL
A,!
32-34 69-11. An admi ni s t r at i ve d i s t r i c t of t h e Kabul Pr ovi nce, lying
bet ween t h e Ghazni d i s t r i c t on t h e nor t hwe s t , and west, and ~ a z i r i -
s t a n on t h e e a s t . I t c o n s i s t s of t h e val l eys of t h e Margha and
Mast01 s t r eams whi ch, f l owi ng r oughl y nor t he a s t , c r o s s t h e Indo-
Af ghan f r ont i e r and uni t e a t Dwa Toi t o form t h e Tochi r i ver . The
aver age el evat i on of t h e d i s t r i c t is cons i der abl e, probabl y nearer
6,000 t ha n 5,000 f e e t . The i nha bi t a nt s a r e mainly Kabul Khel Wazirs
and Khar ot i Ghi l zai s, t h o u g h i n Urgun t h e r e a r e a l s o some 1,200
f a mi l i e s o f Ta j i ka . Th e Wazi r s p e r ma n e n t l y r e s i d e n t i n ~ i r ma l
( c hi e f l y of t h e Sai f al i a nd Pa i pa l i s e c t i o n s o f t h e ~ a b u l ~ h e l r
UtmanZai, Darwesh Khel), a r e sai d t o number 10, 000; i n addi t i on,
many o t h e r Kabul Khel Wazi rs annual l y mi gr a t e f r om t h e i r t e r r i t o r y
wi t hi n t h e Br i t i s h b o r d e r t o Birmal f o r t h e h o t we a t he r .
The c h i e f pl a c e o f t h e d i s t r i c t , Ur gun, is s i t u a t e d i n t h e u p p e r
Mastori val l ey, and c o n s t i t u t e s t h e o f f i c i a l h e a d q u a r t e r s o f t h e
~ a k i m, or Gover nor . Thi s o f f i c e is a t p r e s e n t ( 1906) h e l d by Shah-
g a s s i Dost Muhammad Khan, a r e l a t i v e o f t h e Lui nai b Kh u s h d i l Khan.
The onl y o t h e r p l a c e s of i mpor t a nc e i n t h e d i s t r i c t a r e Pi r Koti, 400
hous e s , on t h e Mast oi a nd Marghan, a Wazi ri vi l l a ge o f 300 h o u s e s i n
t h e val l ey o f t h a t name.
The s o u t h e r n , or u p p e r , por t i on of t h e d i s t r i c t is d e s c r i b e d a s
being very open, t h e ground sl opi ng gent l y down from t h e f o o t of t h e
l o f t y r a nge on t h e e a s t , al ong wh o s e crest r u n s t h e I ndo- Af ghan
boundary. The r a n g e i t s e l f is w e l l wooded wi t h p i n e s and d e o d a r s ,
and gr azi ng is e v e r y wh e r e p l e n t i f u l , whi l e t h e u p p e r p o r t i o n o f t h e
s l opi ng daman a t its f o o t is a l s o c ove r e d wi t h c h i l g o z a trees; lower
down it is ba r e wi t h t h e e x c e p t i o n of s m a l l p a t c h e s by t h e b a n k s o f
s i d e s t r eams . Th e va l l e ys o f t h e Mast oi and Margha t h e ms e l v e s a r e
s t u d d e d wi t h vi l l a ge s t h r o u g h o u t , and f or m a l mos t c ont i nuous s t r i p s
of c u l t i v a t i o n .
The main r oad f r om Bannu t o Ghazni , vi a t h e Toc hi val l ey, c r o s s e s
t h e f r o n t i e r a t Pi yaodi n and p a s s e s t h r o u g h Margha and Urgun. I t is
f i t f o r camel s. Anot her r oad, a l s o f i t f o r camel s, l e a d s f r om t h e
head of t h e Kazha val l ey t h r o u g h Pi r Kot i and j oi ns t h e f i r s t -
ment i oned r oad a t t h e Kot anni Kotal, a bout 12 miles beyond Urgun. A
t hi r d r oad r u n s n o r t h ward f r om Sha ki n t o Urgun. I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e s e
t h r e e main l i n e s of a p p r o a c h t o Birmal f r om t h e e a s t t h e r e a r e
numerous t r a c k s l e a di ng a c r o s s t h e wa t e r s h e d f r om Shawal , i n Waziri-
st an, t h u s ope ni ng u p an e a s i l y a c c e s s i b l e haven of r e f u g e t o a ny
Mahsuds, o r o t h e r s , who may have i nc ur r e d t h e d i s p l e a s u r e o f t h e
Br i t i sh Gover nment . ( Ander son, Dougl as, Donald, Kemball.)
*BISHKUL &
35-7 71-31 m. A vi l l a ge on a t r i b u t a r y of t h e Kunar r i ve r , near t h e
Paki st an bor de r .
BISRAM \
t J-
A v i l l a g e i n Laghman; i n h a b i t a n t s Ar oki s. (Warburton. )
BOBAR O r BARBARA P"
A vi l l age on t h e r oad f r om ~ i l u t t o Kabul by t h e Kha r s ha t a l pa s s . I t
is s i t ua t e d i n a g o r g e ni ne m i l e s beyond ~ h o t k i , and is a bout 23
miles from Bi l ut . The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Ghi l zai s. (Kennedy. )
33-29 67-59 m. A vi l l a ge e a s t of t h e Dasht-i-Nawar, near Kat akhak.
*BODAK 4 a*
34-17 68-16 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e Dara-i-Jelga, n o r t h w e s t o f ~ i r a n .
BOGARA
A l o c a l i t y i n t h e pol ada Hazara count r y.
*BOGHRI &
35-2 66-38 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e Dara-i -Chasht , s o u t h w e s t of Azad Kuh.
BOKAN 3 6 ,!
33-57 68-5 G. A g l e n dr a i ni ng nor t hwa r d i n t o t h e Khawat val l ey
whi ch it meets a t t h e p o i n t wh e r e t h e l a t t e r makes a mar ked be nd
from s o u t h e a s t t o nor t he a s t . A t t h e head o f t h i s gl e n is a k o t a l of
t h e same name; it is c r o s s s e d by t h e Ghazni-Yak Walang r oad a t a bout
38 miles from Ghazni ; t h e r oad a f t e r c r o s s i n g t h e kot a l cont i nues
down t h e Bokan g l e n t o its j unc t i on wi t h t h e Khawat. The road over
t h e k o t a l is n o t d i f f i c u l t f o r l a d e n camel s, b u t would r equi r e
mendi ng f o r whe e l e d guns . I t is s a i d t o b e c l o s e d by snow from t h e
be gi nni ng o f December till t h e be gi nni ng of March. (I.B.C.)
BOKAN
d
u ,!
33-58 68-2 m. El evat i on 9, 570 f e e t . Two f o r t i f i e d haml et s in t he
gl e n of t h e same name and a bout 5 1/2 miles n o r t h of t h e Bokan
Kotal. They lie on e i t h e r s i d e o f t h e s m a l l s t r e a m whi c h f l ows down
from t h e Bokan Kot al and c ont a i n b e t we e n t hem some f o r t y f ami l i es of
Besud Hazaras. Here r es i ded in 1905 Wali Muhammad Khan, Chief of t he
Bul Hasan Besud Hazaras, and a man of c o n s i d e r a b l e l oc a l i nf l uence.
The i nha bi t a nt s p o s s e s s a bout 300 he a d of c a t t l e and 800 s h e e p and
goa t s .
The Bokan gl e n is h e r e a bout 700 y a r d s wi de and is uncul t i vat ed, t he
c ul t i va t i on, a s is us ua l i n t h e s e p a r t s o f t h e c ount r y, bei ng all on
t h e hi l l s i de s . The r e would b e room f o r 6, 000 men t o camp her e, but
s u p p l i e s a r e s c a nt y, s u f f i c i e n t f o r a bout 1, 000 men mi g h t pe r ha ps be
p r o c u r e d l o c a l l y . A c e r t a i n a mo u n t o f g r a s s is t o b e f ound i n
s p r i n g ; smal l b u s h e s , onl y, a r e avai l abl e f o r f u e l and t h e n not
wi t hi n a m i l e o r t wo of t h e campi ng gr ound. (I.B.C.)
*BOKHAN "'+
33-25 70-5 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e Khos t r i ve r , near its c onf l ue nc e with
t h e Lakan.
*BOKHANKHEL & A
33-3 68- 40 m. A v i l l a g e i n Y u s u f k h e l d i s t r i c t , a b o u t 1 mile
nor t heas t of Y u s u f k hel .
BOKHARA-I-NAWAR
A pl a c e i n t h e Nawar d i s t r i c t .
*BOLAGH p R
34-3 68-25 m. A vi l l a ge n o r t h we s t o f Kat agai Ghar , on a t r i but ar y
of t h e Dara-i-Jelga.
"byfl
BOLAGHAN O r BOWLAGHAYN
35-7 69-25 A. A vi l l a ge s i t u a t e d 18 miles e a s t - n o r t h e a s t of Chari-
kar , i n an o p e n pl ai n whi ch s t r e t c h e s e a s t f r om t h e ~ a n j s h i r river.
Th e r e is a f o o t p a t h t o t h e vi l l a ge f r om t h e u p p e r Panj s hi r valley,
l e a di ng s o u t h up t h e Ghul bak Dara and ove r t h e ~ o l a g han Kotal. I t
l e a ve s t h e Pa nj s hi r val l ey t wo miles a bove Anaba. ( Shahzada aim us.)
BOLAN
Y
ir R
A vi l l a ge i n t h e Laghman d i s t r i c t . The i nha bi t a nt s a r e ~ h i l z a i s of
d i f f e r e n t s e c t i o n s , i nc l udi ng Jabar Khel and Nasari. The following
a r e t h e haml et s i nc l ude d i n t h e pl ace:
1. Kal a- i - Sul t an Muhamnad 4. Kal a- i - Ahad Khan
2. Deh-i-Azim Khan
5. Ghundi
3. Khwajawadan (Warburton. )
*BOR It!
33-22 68-31 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d s ome 1 5 m i l e s s o u t h e a s t of Ghaznl*
BORI W
34- 69-. A c ol l e c t i on of t h r e e villages i n t h e Kabul di s t r i c t ,
1/2 m i l e s w e s t of Deh Mazang. I nha bi t a nt s a r e Taj i ks. ( ~e nne dy. 1
*BOSTAN
&*
34-47 69-4 m. A vi l l age on t h e Kabul-Charikar r oad, a f e w miles
s out h of I s t a l i f .
BOT IAN
"L;,!
34-55
68-22 m. A l a r g e val l ey i n t h e Sha i kh A l i count r y, whi ch j oi ns
t h e uppe r val l ey of t h e Ghorband r i ver , from t h e nor t h a bout s i x
miles t o t h e e a s t of t h e Shi bar pa s s . A r oad, f i t onl y f o r pack - -
animals, l e a d s up
it t o t h e ~ h a r z a r Kotal on t h e Band-i-Warsandan.
The val l ey a p p e a r s t o be cal l ed Botian near t h e mout h of t h e Dara
Botian. The Dara Botian is about 200 ya r ds wi de a t t h e J unct i on.
( Peacocked Recent maps s how Dahan-i-Botian. (LWA)
BRAGAMATAL OK BARG-I-MATAL
JW,
35-40 71-21 m. The c h i e f vi l l age of t h e Kat i r s of t h e Ba s hgul val-
l ey, and cal l ed somet i mes Lut deh. I t c o n s i s t s of t wo pa r t s : a l a r g e r
por t i on on t h e l e f t bank and t h e smal l er on t h e r i g h t , wi t h a good
br i dge connect i ng t hem. The smal l er o r west vi l l age is bui l t pa r t l y
on r ock c l os e t o t h e wat er ' s e d g e , and pa r t l y on t h e l e v e l gr ound t o
t he sout hwest , where many houses and t h e dancing place ar e si t uat ed.
On t h e l e f t bank t h e h o u s e s a r e a r r a nge d on a low hi l l i n t h e form
of a hal f hexagon ope n t o t h e s out h. In t h e semi - encl osed s p a c e a r e
t he gromma, t h e dancing place, and a few det ached gr oups of houses.
The t ot a l number of h o u s e s i n t h e whol e vi l l age is pr obabl y 700. On
a hi l l t o t h e w e s t of t h e w e s t por t i on of Bragamatal a r e t h e r ui ns
of s ever al wal l s marki ng t h e site of t h e ol d vi l l age, whi ch seems t o
have been f or mer l y on t h e r i g h t bank, one above, t h e o t h e r i n t h e
p r e s e n t p o s i t i o n of t h e w e s t v i l l a g e . Br agamat al is v i s i t e d b y
t r a de r s from Minjan, Badakhshan, and Chi t r al . The r e a r e 200 Khasa-
dar s qua r t e r e d a t Bragamatal. ( Rober t son, I.B.C.) For a d e s c r i p t i o n
of t h i s ar ea i n 1980 see Barg-i-Matal.
BUBAK
A subdi vi si on of t he Bacha-i-Ghulam c l a n of Dai zangi . ( Pe a r t . )
BUBAK A !
A s ect i on of t h e Muhammad Khwaja Hazaras. Thi s name is a l s o a ppl i e d
t o a t r i be of Hazaras, whi ch is now s c a t t e r e d , b u t is s ai d t o have
come or i gi nal l y from t h e nei g hbour hood of G hazni . (Maitland.)
BUBAK See PARIAN
BUBAN KHEL A r j b
33- 69-. A vi l l age on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Gobarak st r eam, a
quar t er of a m i l e nor t h of Niazak i n t h e Chamkmani val l ey. (Kane.)
BUDAKHEL &I a !
34- 70-. A vi l l age near Chaknaur , f i v e m i l e s n o r t h e a s t of Basawal.
(Wan1 iss. )
BUGHLANI Or BUGHTANI 3%
34-50 67-48. A cave vi l l age in t h e Bamian val l ey near t h e i dol s .
I t i s in t h e nei ghbour hood of t h e b i g g e s t f i gur e , near t h e sar ai ,
and is t h e uppe r of t wo c ont i guous vi l l ages , ~ a u d i bei ng t h e l owe r
one. The i nhabi t ant s dwe l l c h i e f l y i n c a ve s t h o u g h some a r e i n mud
hut s below t hem. The vi l l age ha s a mixed popul at i on of f i f t y fami-
l i es. (Pl ai t l and .)
*BUGHUND .r;~+!
33-57 67-35 m. A vi l l age i n t h e Garmab ar ea, on t h e ~ a r a - i - ~ h a g a i .
BULAND QASH
A kot a l over t h e oh-l-Korkhui. ( Pear t . )
*BULBUL &A
33-27 68-13 m. A vi l l age on a t r i but ar y of t h e Ghazni r i ver , south-
west of G hazni.
BUL HASAN
A main s ect i on of t he Besud Hazaras.
BULOLA Or BOLOWLEH 4
34-53 68-5 m. A l a r g e val l ey whi ch s t a r t s near t h e Shi bar pass and
j oi ns t h e main Bamian val l ey a t its e a s t e r n end, a t t h e vi l l age of
Shi kari . I t is i nhabi t ed by Darghan Hazaras. The u p p e r par t is t he
Shi bar valley, but a f t e r its j unct i on wi t h t h e Bi rgal i ch Dara it i s
cal l ed Bulola. A t t h e j unct i on of t h e t wo val l eys it is f i f t y to
e i g h t y yar ds wi de, s h u t in on bot h s i d e s by r u g g e d r ock c l i f f s 200
t o 300 f e e t hi gh and q u i t e i nacces s i bl e. The bed of t h e gorge i s
s t ony, b u t f ai r l y l evel . A qua r t e r of a m i l e l ower down is t h e Tangi
Sang Nawi sht a wher e t h e road is ver y bad. Below t h i s t h e valley
agai n ope ns out and a t K a b Bulola is 400 yar ds wide. I t is culti-
vat ed in t e r r a c e s and a st ream wi nds t h r o u g h it. The road here i s
good f o r camels. Four m i l e s below t h e j unct i on of t h e Birgalich and
Shi bar val l eys t h e main road l eaves t h e Dara Bulola and goes up t he
Dara Irak, b u t a camel road t o Shi kar i cont i nues down t h e valley,
whi ch he r e commences t o c ont r a c t i nt o a r oc ky d e f i l e , 100 yards in
wi dt h. (Peacocke, Plaitland .)
BULOLA
34-53 68-5 m. A gr oup of small mud f o r t l e t s in t h e Bulola valley,
t h e pr i nci pal (Kala Bulola) bei ng about t h r e e m i l e s below t h e junc-
t i on of t h e Bi rgal i ch and Shi bar gl ens . Ther e a r e about 100 houses
of Darghan or Khatai Hazaras. Below t h e f o r t s t h e r e is good camping
ground f o r s ever al di vi s i ons . NO gr a s s ; no camel gr azi ng; no fuel,
e x c e p t t h e s t andi ng f r u i t t r e e s . A small amount of s uppl i es is
procurabl e.
Kala Bulola af f o r d s a good rear-guard pos i t i on f aci ng w e s t cl ose to
t h e main road. I t is of c our s e t ur ned by t h e al t er nat i ve road from
t h e Irak val l ey over t h e Kotal-i-Khus h kak and Kotal-i-Jolah, but i t
is s uf f i c i e nt l y advanced t o c l o s e a c c e s s t o t h a t road by t h e Dara
Khush kak and t h e Dara Jol ah. KaLa Bulola is an i r r egul ar star-shaped
mud-walled f o r t , wi t h an out l yi ng mud wall on its w e s t . I t l i es in
t h e c e n t e r of t h e val l ey, wi t h a cl ear r ange t o its f r o n t down t he
valley over open s l opi ng cul t i vat i on; and behi nd its l e f t is a fl at
t e r r a c e a t t h e mouth of t h e Dara Khushkak, capabl e of accommodating
a bat t er y whi ch coul d f i r e over, and a t t h e s i d e of t h e f or t . The
hi l l s on bot h s i d e s of t h e val l ey a r e i nacces s i bl e.
Below t h e f i r s t of t h e Bulola f o r t s t h e main road c r o s s e s t h e Bulola
st ream t o t h e l e f t bank, t h e road on t h e r i g h t bank below t h i s point
becoming a mere f o o t t r ack. The Bul oh st r eam is he r e t wel ve feet
wi de and onl y a f ew i n c h e s deep. I t is s ai d never t o rise more than
anot her f oot . (Peacocke. )
BURG
Jfi
34-5 69-14 m.A vi l l age in t h e val l ey of t h e l ower Logar, f i ve miles
s out he a s t of Zargan Shahar, and t e n miles e a s t of t h e Logar rivec,
wher e t h a t st ream was hes t h e vi l l age of Purak. The i nhabi t ant s are
Ahmadzai Ghi l zai s. In 1880 t h e vi l l age cont ai ned f our f o r t s with
s e pa r a t e haml et s, and t h e t ot al number of fammilies was 100. water
i a obt ai ned from a karez. ( Cl i f f or d, Euan smith. )
BURHAN
a b
one of t h e t wo main di vi s i ons of t h e Ghi l zai t r i be , Turan bei ng t h e
ot her . Se e Ghi l zai s.
Thi s di vi s i on ha s a l s o been cal l ed Ibrahim.
BUR1 SUNIA ('-1 '~-9-w
34-48 67-47 G. A vi l l age i n Bamian, s i t ua t e d a m i l e or t wo from t h e
mouth of t h e Pol ada gl en.
A r oad f r om Bur i Suni a s t r i k e s t h e Bamian
- Daulat Yar main r oad about f o u r miles from Shahi dan. The vi l l age
cont ai ns s i x t y f ami l i es of Taj i ks. (Maitland .)
BURJIGAI
A s e c t i on of Besud Hazaras.
BURJ-I-GULJAN
"LJ c, !
35-3 69-4 m. El evat i on 5,600 f e e t . A smal l Shi nwar i haml et i n t h e
Ghorband d i s t r i c t , c l o s e t o t h e mout h of t h e Kaoshan Dara. I t is on
t h e main road from Kabul via Char i kar t h r o u g h Ghor band, s e v e n t e e n
miles from Char i kar and t h i r t e e n from Si ah Gi rd. The r e is good
camping gr ound c l o s e t o t h e r oad. Suppl i e s e x i s t i n smal l q u a n t i t i e s
from t h e vi l l age. Water from t h e r i ver . Fi r ewood is f a i r l y abundant .
(Peacocke.)
BURJ ISTAN
A t r i b u t a r y gl en of t h e Turkoman Dara.
BURLAK Or BARLAK d2
32-40 68-30 m. A vi l l age i n t h e Ghi l zai count r y, hal f-way be t we e n
Pannah and Kala-i-Kharoti. I t is known a s Burlak of t h e Sh u k h e l
J al ozai . (Broad f oot . )
BURMAIN Mfi
One of t h e f o u r s e c t i o n s of t h e Kalanzai di vi s i on of t h e Dai Kundi
Hazaras. (Breret on. )
* BUMAK b
34-29 66-59 m. A vi l l age n o r t h e a s t of Shi ni a i n t h e s o u t h e a s t e r n
par t of Bamian pr ovi nce.
BURU KHANA dL ~2
34- 67-. A v i l l a g e e l e v e n m i l e s s o u t h we s t of t h e Koh-i-Baba
mountains, and f i f t y m i l e s s o u t h we s t of Bamian. ( Thi s is pr obabl y
Barakhana, l amb-shed. The s e bar akhanas a r e pl a c e s dug out i n t h e
ground and roofed with r e e ds f or t h e prot ect i on of ewes and lambs i n
s e ve r e weat her , and a r e common t h r o u g h o u t Hazara count r y. Mud h u t s
ar e bui l t be s i de t h e ba r a kha na f o r t h e s h e p h e r d s . ) ( Thor nt on. )
Recent maps show t h e name Koh-i-Boro, a t 34-36 67-24. (LWA)
*BUSAGH C b
33-17 67-53 m. A vi l l age near aria-i-Baian, s o u t h e a s t of t h e Dasht -
i-Nawar .
*BUSHTI +
34-47 69-54 m. A vi l l age near Arawu on t h e Wuzbin Khwar, n o r t h e a s t
of Sarobi (Sorubay).
BUTAO
A subsect i on of t he Polada Hazaras.
BUTKHAK LJL+
34-30 69-22 m. A s m a l l s u b d i s t r i c t of Kabul, whos e we s t e r n boundar y
is Kala-i-Tajkhan, t h e e a s t e r n bei ng Gazak. I t is wat er ed from t he
Chi nar i Dara, and is i nc l ude d, f o r r e ve nue p u r p o s e s i n Kabul, al-
t h o u g h Bagrami bet ween it and t h e c i t y is i n t h e Logar daf t ar .
BUTKHAK d L +
34-30 69-21 m. A vi l l age i n t h e s u b d i s t r i c t of t h e same name, about
e i g h t miles from Kabul. I nha bi t a nt s a r e Lakan Khel Gi l zai s, Tajiks,
and a s ma L l number of Khugi ani s. Thr e e r o a d s g o from h e r e t o Ganda-
mak: one by t h e Lataband pa s s , one by t h e Khurd Kabul de f i l e , and
one by t h e Chi nar i Dara. Water is pl e nt i f ul . Fodde r f or 12,000
animals f o r one day and 1, 600 maunds of unde r gr ound gr ai n may be
c ol l e c t e d from But khak and its ne i ghbor hood. The massacr e of t he
Br i t i s h ga r r i s on from Kabul i n 1842 began be t we e n But khak and Bagra-
m i .
In t h e occupat i on of Kabul i n 1879-80 t h e r e was a p o s t est abl i shed
h e r e whi ch was wi t hdr awn dur i ng t h e i nve s t me nt of Sher pur . The
gar r i s on was qua r t e r e d i n t wo f o r t s l yi ng t o t h e nor t h of t h e vil-
l a ge and c onne c t e d by a s unk road. The l a r g e r or s out he r n f o r t was
of t h e f ol l owi ng di mensi ons: Walls - Nor t h and s o u t h f a c e s 90 yards;
e a s t and west f a c e s 80 yar ds ; h e i g h t 36 f e e t .
The smal l er or nor t he r n f o r t was a s f ol l ows: Walls - Lengt h of f aces
40 yar ds ; h e i g h t 36 f e e t .
The t owe r s of t h e l a r ge r f o r t , Kala-i-Shahgai, were s i x i n number,
46 f e e t in h e i g h t ; t h e t owe r s of t h e smal l er f o r t , Kala-i-Abdullah
Khan or Kohna Kala, were f o u r i n number, 36 f e e t i n he i ght .
The village contained between 400 and 500 houses. The country toward
Kabul is low and l evel , much c u t up by smal l wa t e r c our s e s , one r i se,
t h e Kotal-i-Yak-Linga, occur i ng on t h e road whe r e t h e l a t t e r cr os s es
a s p u r from t h e Siah Sang.
Sul t an Mahmud of Ghazni is sai d t o have b r o u g h t some i d o l s with him
from Somnath t o t h i s pl ace, when h e was a s k e d by a deput at i on of
Hi ndus, who o f f e r e d him a l a r ge s u m of money f o r t h e i mages which
t h e y d e s i r e d t o car r y back. Sul t an Mahmud t h e r e u p o n had t h e i dol s
ground t o powder, and f or ced each Hindu in hi s camp t o swallow some
of it; he nc e t h e name but - khak, i d o l e a r t h.
The pl ace is a c e n t e r of r e l i gi ous hos t i l i t y, bei ng t h e r e s i de nc e of
a d i s c i p l e of t h e Adda Mullah, Najam-ud-Din. (I.B.C.)
*BUZAK
&d+
32-57 67-54 m. A vi l l age on t h e Mukur-Ghazni r oad, about 15 miles
nor t he a s t of Mukur. Anot her vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is on t h e ~ h a z n i -
Kabul r oad, about 15 miles n o r t h e a s t of Ghazni , a t 33-43 68-29 m.
BUZUNG KOL
A pl a c e i n t he Dai Kundi count r y.
*CHABNAO
*
34-34 67-22 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d near Qarkhnao, s o u t h we s t of t he
Kuh-i-Boro.
CHABU Or CHAPU H
35-35 71-19 m. A Katir vi l l age on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Bashgul
r i ver , about a m i l e below Oulaqul, and doubl e t h a t di s t a nc e from
Badamuk. I t c o n s i s t s of 55 hous e s t e r r a c e d on t h e s l ope , with
f i e l d s and Ps ha l s about its base. The r e is a good br i dge over t he
r i ve r a t t h i s poi nt . ( Rober t son. )
CHAGALA I A
34-46 71-5 m.
A vi l l age on t h e Kunar r i ver , some 8 miles sout hwest
of Asadabad.
CHAGHAN SARAI See CHIGA SARAI
34-52 71-9 m.
*CHAGHARA 4+-?
34-17 68-52 m. A vi l l a ge e a s t of t h e r oad from Ghazni t o Kabul and
s out h t h e vi l l age of Andara.
V H A H db
34-14 67-12 m. A vi l l age near Awak, on a t r i but a r y of t h e Helmand.
*CHAHARASI AB + \ r T ~ k
34-24 69-9 m. A vi l l age s o u t h of Kabul, and s o u t h we s t of Khairabad.
Anot her vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y o f t h e Qol-
i-Khish, near Qala Para, a t 34-44 68-21 m.
CHAHAR ASMAN aLTJk
35-10 67-2 G. A p a s s on t h e r oad whi ch g o e s nor t h from J a f i r Kala
(Band-i-Amir) t o Dara Yusuf . The r oad, on t h e s o u t h s i d e , a s c e n d s a
narrow r avi ne f o r a bout 7 f u r l o n g s t o t h e f o o t of t h e kot al . The
ravi ne is be t we e n hi gh r oc ky c l i f f s , and, f o r p a r t o f t h e way a t
l e a s t , is onl y 15 f e e t wide. The r oad is bad and r oc ky, and f i t
only f o r mu l e s and yabus. From t h e head of t h e r avi ne is a s t e e p
r ocky a s c e n t t o t h e kot al , 3 f u r l o n g s f u r t h e r on. A t t h e t o p of t h e
kot al t h e road from Yakh Walang, by t h e Baghal ak gl e n and pa s s ,
joins. The d e s c e n t is ve r y e a s y down a l a r g e nala, and pr a c t i c a bl e
even f o r guns. ( Ami r Khan.)
CHAHAR BAGH See CHAR BAGH
&C-t
CHAHAR BAGH ~6 J&
33-46 68-18 G. A vi l l age about 17 miles nor t h- by- west of Ghazni ,
cont ai ni ng 40 hous e s of Andari-Ghilzais. I t lies on t h e l e f t bank
of an a f f l u e n t of t h e Barikao st r eam. The s ur r oundi ng c ount r y is
said t o be ope n and undul at i ng, and t h e r e w i l l pr obabl y be f a i r
ground f o r encampi ng. Suppl i e s a r e pr ocur abl e from t h e Bari kao
vi l l ages, b u t f u e l is sai d t o be s c a r c e . I B C Ot her pl a c e s
with t h i s name a r e l oc a t e d a t 34-32 70-18 and 35-58 69-38 G.
(LWA)
CHAHAR BURJA See NAO KALA
*J? ,k
CHAHAR BURJAK 42~k
34-22 66-53 G. A vi l l age on t h e main ~a bul - ~a z a r a j a t - Da ul a t Yar
road, about 6 m i l e s w e s t o f Panjao.
CHAHAR CHASHMA L--~k
34-41 67-24 G. A f o r t vi l l age in t h e u p p e r p a r t of t h e Karakanatu
or Karghanatu val l ey i n t h e Bamian d i s t r i c t . Si xt e e n f ami l i es o f
Takana Hazaras. (A.B.C.) Anot her pl ace wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d
a t 35-50 67-42 A.
CHAHARDAR J a ~ b
35-9 68-51 m. El evat i on 13, 900 f e e t . A p a s s over t h e ~ i n d u Kush
l eadi ng nor t h war ds o u t of t h e G hor band valley. it is c r o s s e d by t h e
most d i r e c t r out e from Kabul t o ~ a i b a k , i n Af ghan ~ u r k i s t a n a t a bout
90 1/2 miles from Kabul. The r e is a made road over t h e p a s s whi ch
i s sai d t o be pr act i cabl e, t h o u g h pr obabl y onl y wi t h c ons i de r a bl e
di ffi cul t y, f or wheeled guns. Once over t h e pass, however, t h e road
as f ar a s Chahar dar vi l l age, 21 1/2 miles from t h e summit, mu s t be
condi der ed a s i mpr act i cabl e f o r any form of wheel ed t r a f f i c . Thi s
p a s s is a l s o known a s t h e Hi ndu Kush pas s . C A vi l l age with
t h i s name is l oc a t e d on t h e Payandeh st r eam, a t 35-24 68-37 m.
( LWA
CHAHAR DASTA
A t r i b e of Hazaras.
CHAHAR DM A ~ S O see CHARDEH
* JJG
CHAHAR DEH * J J ~
35-1 68-47. El evat i on 6,470 ? f e e t . A g r o u p of vi l l ages in t he
Ghorband val l ey near t h e mout h of t h e Par sa Dara and t h e r esi dence
of t h e Hakim of t h a t d i s t r i c t . A t e r r a c e , 150 t o 200 f e e t hi gh with
s t e e p l y s c a r pe d s i d e s , p r o j e c t s a c r o s s t h e val l ey from t h e hi l l s on
t h e nor t h, and f o r c e s t h e r i ve r t h r o u g h a narrow g o r g e bet ween its
e xt r e mi t y and t h e r oc ky h i l l s i d e s on t h e s o u t h s i d e of t h e valley.
I t is cal l ed t h e Kotal Sakha.
Peacocke says: "Thr ee of t h e l a ge r Chahar Deh vi l l a ge s a r e si t uat ed
on t h e t o p of t h e t e r r a c e , and o t h e r s a r e p e r c h e d on smaller, but
equal l y h i g h t e r r a c e s , whi ch form a l i ne o f br oken, s t e e p c l i f f s on
t h e l e f t s i d e of val l ey below t h e f i r s t t e r r a c e . The vi l l ages are
a l l of a s ubs t a nt i a l c ha r a c t e r , and many of t h e hous e s a r e t hr ee-
s t o r i e d bui l di ngs . The val l ey whe r e it wi de ns o u t agai n t o t h e east
of t h e t e r r a c e is t h i c k l y t i mber ed, and is a c l o s e mass of gardens,
or c ha r ds , and r i c h cul t i vat i on. The r e a r e 600 f ami l i es in all in
Chahar Deh; t wo t h i r d s a r e Taj i ks, and t h e r emai nder a r e Afghani
Koi shki . They own 600 ga r de ns , 8 wat er-mi l l s, and 1, 000 head of
c a t t l e . Cul t i vat i on of f r u i t is t h e main employment. "
The r e is good camping gr ound i n t h e cul t i vat i on about one m i l e below
Chahar Deh. Suppl i e s pr ocur abl e a t Chahar Deh and a t Gazar. Fuel
s c a r c e t h r o u g h o u t valley. Camel gr azi ng and g r a s s s c a r c e al l down
t h e val l ey below Ni rkh. (Peacocke. ) Anot her vi l l age wi t h t h i s name
is l oc a t e d a t 35-32 67-13 A.
CHAHAR DEH
* J,b
34-43 66-49 G. El evat i on 8,360 f e e t . Four small f o r t villages
l yi ng up a s m a l l gl en of t h e same name whi ch j oi ns t h e ~ank-i-Amir
val l ey from t h e s out h. The mouth of t h e Chahar Deh hollow is about
2 m i l e s west of Dahan-i-Kanak. The hi gh s l o p e s a t its head ar e all
cul t i vat ed. The mouth is s o swampy t h a t t h e r oad down t h e main
val l ey ha s t o g o a little way u p t o g e t r ound t h e bog, but about
h a l f a m i l e u p t h e r e is room f o r s e v e r a l b a t t a l i o n s t o encamp1
par t l y i n t h e hol l ow, and pa r t l y on a small pl at eau on t h e l e f t bank
of t h e st ream.
The gr ound, however , is most l y cul t i vat ed.
Th e v i l l a g e s t o g e t h e r c o n t a i n 1 0 0 f a mi l i e s o f Takana Hazaras.
(Mait-land.) Ot her vi l l ages wi t h t h i s name a r e l ocat ed a t 34-23
67-11 m. near Pest al ak; about 10 miles s o u t h we s t of Bamian, a t 34-
46 67-44 m., and nor t h of Kota-i-Ashro, 34-29 68-48 m. (LWA)
CHAHAR DEH 4 J J ~
33-11 68-7 G. A gr oup of vi l l ages on t h e Ghazni-Kandahar road,
i nhabi t ed by 200 f ami l i es of Chahar Dast a Hazaras. I t is si t uat ed
on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e st r eam coming from t h e Jangalak gl en of t he
Gul Koh, whe r e t h e little val l ey of t h i s br ook is c r o s s e d by t he
main road above ment i oned. The o t h e r s i d e of t h e val l ey bel ongs to
Muhammad Khwaja Haaaras. The pr i nc i pa l pl a c e i n Chahar Deh, known
as Chahar Deh Bebud t o di s t i ngui s h it form numerous o t h e r l ocal i t i es
of t h e same name, i e a l a r ge and ver y s t r o n g l y walled vi l l age. In
s h a p e it is a paral l el ogram of 150 yar d8 x 100 ya r ds , and is sor-
r ounded by a w e t di t c h. St r ong bastions a r e bui l t a t intervals
along t h e f a c e of t h e wall, and e a c h e nt r a nc e is gua r de d by a
t r a ve r s e . (I.B.C.)
CHAHAR DEH-I-BEBUD
A s e c t i on of t h e Chahar Dast a Hazaras. ( Pe a r t . )
CHAHAR DEH-I-GHORBAND && 4 +k
35-0 68-44 G. A v i l l a g e l ocat ed 3 m i l e s nor t h of Ghorband.
CHAHAR DEH KHAK
JL 4dJk
A s e t t l e me nt of t h e Karakul-Daghi cl an of Se hpa i Daizangi. (Peart . )
CHAHAR DIWALI J'xd J&
34- 66-. A vi l l age i n t h e Karzi-Kol s ubdi vi s i on of t h e Yak Walang
di s t r i c t . Fi f t e e n h o u s e s of mi xed Hazaras. (A.B.C.)
CHAHAR KASH A >he
34- 66-. A v i l l a g e i n t h e Yak Walang d i s t r i c t , c o n t a i n i n g 1 0
fami l i es of Neka Hazaras. (A.B.C.)
CHAHAR KICHGHU ,v ~h
CHAHAR SHAMBA See KOH-I-BABA L?L: J&
CHAHAR SHINIA
A l o c a l i t y i n Hazar j at .
CHAHARTUT SEE CHARTUT +,b
CHAH-I-AHU er rb
34- 67-. The name gi ven t o a por t i on of t h e u p p e r c o u r s e of t h e
Bamian st ream. I t is j u s t below t h e d e f i l e whe r e t h e Kar ghanat u
st ream j oi ns, about 3 m i l e s above t h e Pul-i-Faringi. Chah-i-Ahu
means " de e r ' s we l l " (Maitland .)
*CHAHIKHEL k
34-58 69-47 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Tagab, some
12 miles n o r t h e a s t of t h e vi l l age of Tagab.
CHAHKAORI &
34- 70-. A vi l l age 3 miles nor t h of Hazarnao, Jal al abad d i s t r i c t ;
good gr ass and bhusa ar e procurable here. (Hough.)
CHAI KAL 6,
34-56 69-10 m. A l a r g e vi l l age i n Kohi st an, be t we e n Karabagh and
Chari kar, near er t o t h e l a t t e r t ha n t h e f or mer , and s i t ua t e d on t h e
e a s t of t h e r oad, c l o s e t o it. The r e a r e sai d t o be 200 h o u s e s of
Tajiks i n t h e pl ace, and a f ew of Hindu s hop- ke e pe r s . On t h e oppo-
site (west) s i d e of t h e road is t h e s h r i n e of t h e ne phe w of Shah
Nakhshband. Water from t h e Ghorband r i ver . Pour r oa ds from Kabul
meet her e. (I.B.c.)
*CHAINAK 4b
34-11 67-4 m. A vi l l age e a s t of t h e Band-i-Zirak i n s o u t h e r n Bamian
provi nce.
CHAJ-I-HAZARA 4 ~ ' ~ ck
34-33 68-40. In 1904 Major ~ a n l i s s , when e xpl or i ng t h e ~ o t a l - i -
Baghar t o t h e nor t h of t h e Unai pa s s , was t ol d by h i s g u i d e s t h a t
t h e s our ce of t h e Helmand l ay a t a pl ace named Hazar Kash ( t hous and
c l e f t s ) , a t t h e head of an uni nhabi t ed val l ey known a s Cha j - i - ~a z a ~,
f or med by t h e Koh-i-Baba wi t h t h e Sangl akh r a nge and about 25 miles
n o r t h e a s t of t h e Unai pas s . Thi s val l ey is s a i d t o t h e t h e original
home of t h e Gurkhas of Nepal.
*CHAKA 4
33-3 67-45 m. A vi l l a ge l yi ng e a s t of t h e Kuh-i-Surkhlang and
sout h w e s t of Zardalu.
CHAKANOR A?
34-16 70-52. Some c a ve s on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Kabul r i ver , oppo-
site Basawal, i n t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t , a t t r i b u t e d t o t h e Kafirs.
The name seems i de nt i c a l wi t h t h a t of Chi knaur , a vi l l age whose
s i t ua t i on c o r r e s p o n d s wi t h t h a t gi ve n above. (Masson, Burnes.)
*CHAKAO l&
34-23 68-18 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Dara-i-
J el ga, s out h west of t h e Kuh-i-Qalandaran.
CHAKAR
A br i dge over t he Arghandab.
CHAKARI &
34-20 69-26 m. El evat i on 8,030 f e e t . A l a r g e vi l l age about 5 miles
s o u t h e a s t o f Khurd Kabul commanded by a f o r t on a hi l l . I t lies i n
a pl ai n, or basi n, in t h e hi l l s about 10 m i l e s s quar e. The inhabi-
t a n t s a r e Ghi l zai s and Dehgans. Suppl i e s a r e f a i r l y pl ent i f ul .
The vi l l age was once t h e r e s i d e n c e of a famous Ghi l zai r obber , by
name Wali, a Khairo Khel, and a f t e r him of h i s s on and son-in-law,
Sadu and Dadu. The s e t wo wer e not or i ous f r e e b o o t e r s , and came to
t er ms wi t h t h e Br i t i s h, on Gener al Rober t s ' f i r s t occupat i on of
Kabul, i n December 1879, however , t h e y f l e d , t ook t o t h e hi l l s and
were a f t e r wa r d s p r e s e n t wi t h t h e Af ghan army a t t h e i nvest ment of
Sher pur .
When t h e A g hans r e t i r e d , Sadu and Dadu agai n t ook t o t he
hi l l s , and ga ve g r e a t t r oubl e by hangi ng about t h e road between
Lataband and Kabul wi t h t h e i r f ol l owe r s , a t t a c ki ng small convoys,
c ut t i ng and car r yi ng o f f t e l e g r a p h wire, etc. Af t e r t h e British
evacuat i on t h e pai r cont i nued t h e i r maraudi ng pr a c t i c e s , and Amir
Abdur Rahman s e n t a body of caval r y a ga i ns t t hem i n 1881, under t he
t h e n Kotwal of Kabul, Parwana Khan. Sadu, h i s family, and t h e family
of Dadu were t a ke n and made pr i s one r s a t Kabul, b u t Dadu himself
e s c a pe d. A qua nt i t y of boot y, val ued a t RS. 100, 000, was r ecover ed,
and, and al l t h e p r o p e r t y of t h e r obbe r s was c onf i s c a t e d, but t he
f o r t was not de s t r oye d. Chakar i is r e a c he d from Musai, i n Logar, by
t h e Guldara pa s s , from Kabul by t h e Yakh Dara, from But khak by t he
Gosf and Rah, and a l s o by t h e Khurd Kabul de f i l e . The l a t t e r i s t he
only r out e by which wheeled guns could be t aken t o Chakari; t h e Yakh
Dara r out e is f i t onl y f o r men on f oot ; t h e o t h e r t wo (Guldara and
Gosf and Rah) a r e f i t f o r camels.
On t h e h e i g h t s above Chakar i i s a l o f t y obe l i s k whi ch can be seen
from Kabul. (I.B.C.)
*CHAKAWUR A
35-22 70-4 m.
A vi l l age l oc a t e d on t h e st r eam of t h e same name, one
m i l e w e s t of Busai dur.
*CHAR-I-WARDAK
3 J~ h
34-6 68-35. Chak-i-Wardak is a wol eswal i i n Wardak pr ovi nce. The
wol eswal i compr i ees an ar ea of 1, 192 s qua r e ki l omet er s and has an
agr i cul t ur al popul at i on t h a t ha s been e s t i ma t e d a t from 11, 700 t o
14,627.
The wol eswal i is bounded i n t h e w e s t by Day Mirdad,
i n t h e
nor t h by Ner kh, i n t h e e a s t by Sayyi dabad, in t h e s o u t h we s t by Nawa,
and i n t h e s o u t h by J aghat u. Chak-i-Wardak i nc l ude s 142 vi l l a ge s ,
of whi ch f o u r have more t ha n 500 i nha bi t a nt s . The vi l l a ge s a r e
l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows : Unbo Khak, Allah Sang, Langar wa
A l i s ha (C hob Dara-i-Alis ha) , Shai k h Yassi n, Lala Khel, K hal i l i (Kha-
lili Khawat ) , Bambai, A l i Hemat , Qala-i-Baba, Qarya-i-C h a k , Nur
Khel, Bar ghesun, Meht ar Khel, A l i Shi ng, Bayanan, Kachagho, Seyab,
ang gar-i-Araban, N e k paye Qol, D e walak, Pai wand, Karam Al i , Naborja,
~ ma r z a i , Fa q i r i , Sayyi dan- i - Mul i Khe l Al i sha, Mado, Moza Khel-i-
Goda, C hojan, Zarsang , J a l i l Beg, Qala-i-Mo hammad Husain Beg (Qala-
i-Mohd Husain Khel ), Hejrak-i-Shuja Beg, Urdu Beg, Sar f ar az Beg,
Mohammad Yar Khel, Zaman Khel, Kaka Khel, Shah Qalandar, Langar,
Godi, J ahuz, Qader Khel, Kot Mughul (Kota Mughul ), Pe s hga r , Darband,
Bayakzai, Tapur Kh wat ( Tapur ) , Haidar-i-Araban, Kh waja Angur-i-Ulya,
Charshanba, Chor ak Khel ( Shor ak Khel ), Shal i , Mushak, Miraka, Bum,
Sang Baba, Shi na, Char Murdeh, Gul Sang, Qarya-i-G hulam, Qala-i-
Mahumud, Qal a-i -Sarposh, Zul f eqar Goda, Landaa Khel, A l i Khel, Gul -
i-Hazar Bagh, Bul andi , Nura Khel, Zul f e qa r Beg Samand, Bad Qol Beg,
Saya Naw, Pal i zak, Allah Khel, Panah, Sani Khel, Rashi dan, Ghani
Khel, Jawar Khel, Dawran Khel, Mando Khel, Mohammad Khel, Monki,
Nangi, Adam Khel, Kodi Bahadur , Ibrahi m Khel, Se wak, Qurbani, Mah kum
Khel, Qala-i-Safed, Kabutar, Nala, Mawrus Khel, Faze1 Khel, Ahmad
Khel , Kunj - i - J aghat u, Sa ngi n Araban, Sha r i f Khel, Qala--i-Surkh,
Manjar Khel , Che s hma , Qa r q a t , Kot ( Kod) , Tar Mama, Sh i n a Khe l ,
Sok ht a, Kodi Gharaban (Kodi ), Kh waja Angur-i-Suf l a, Saida-i-Araban,
Nokar Khel, Shahbaz Khan Khel, Marsangi, Bahadur Khan, Khwaja Ahmad,
Kodi Suf l a, Qala-i-Safed, Khankhel-i-Seyab, Taja Seyab, Mulla Gul
Khel Seyab, Af zal Khel, Su f i Khel, Kodi-i-Ulya, Qajir Khel-i-Godah,
Mulla Emran Kh el , Qala-i-K h waj a, Omar zai - i - Ul ya, Zar l ak , Goda-i -
Ulya, Goda- i - Suf l a, Zoya, Hakim Baba Khel , G h a r a k , Gul ab Khe l ,
Shakar dad- i - ~ag hl an, Bangesh, Zarif Khel, Makhdum, Mir Ahmad Khel,
Berana, Hakim Khel, Bahram Khel, Chi l gar i , Pas Koh, Ab Guzar, Jawan-
di , Araban, Qulang, Sal eh Khel, Gudan, Goran, Beg Samand, Godah, and
Nawa-i-Masya.
CHAKMAK
A l o c a l i t y i n Uj a r i s t a n.
CHAKMANI O r CHAMKANI (0% &
33-48 69-49 M. Pa r t of t h e Karaia, or uppe r Kurram, val l ey above
Kharlachi, and some of its s i d e gl e ns , a r e i nha bi t e d by p e o p l e
cal l i ng t he ms e l ve s by t h i s name. From t h e i r ge ogr a phi c a l s i t ua t i on
it would be nat ur al t o s u p p o s e t h a t t h e y a r e a br anch of t h e Chamka-
n i s who i nhabi t t h e hi l l s t o t h e e a s t of Par achi nar , on t h e Br i t i s h
s i de of t h e Durand Line. They t he ms e l ve s , however , claim t o be a
branch of t h e Sulaiman Khel Ghi l zai s and say t h a t t h e y came from t h e
L0ga.t valley and wrest ed t h e land t hey now occupy from t h e Chamkanis
( Br i t i sh) and t h a t , on t h e i r t a ki ng up t h e i r r e s i d e n c e in t h e di s -
t r i c t , t h e name Chamkani, o r Chakmani, s t u c k t o t hem.
Among t h e i r s ubdi vi s i on a r e t h e Mada Khel, Kamzai, Babu Khel, Darman
Khel, Sulaiman Khel, Bag hi ar and Hi sarak. (Donald, I.B.C.)
CHAKMANI &
33-47 69-48 A. A val l ey s e a pr a t e d from t h e Mukhbil val l ey on t h e
east by a r a nge of hi l l s and bounded on t h e nor t h by t h e Kurram
ri ver. I t dr a i ns in a nor t he a s t e r l y di r e c t i on, debouchi ng i nt o t h e
Kurram about 22 miles above Kurram f or t . The val l ey, and t h e ~ 0 1 -
l ect i on of vi l l ages t he r e i n, a r e a l s o known a s I sar ak. The r oad up
t h e Chakmani p a s s e s bet ween t h e t wo mud f o r t s of Salim and Saleh at
a bout 1 mi l e ; t h e n t h e vi l l age of Al i m is pa s s e d, whi l e Sal eh Khan
f o r t is r e a c he d a t 2 miles. The val l ey now nar r ows from 700 yards
t o about 200 ya r ds a t Niazak and Buran Khel. The pa t h gradually
becomes more d i f f i c u l t c r os s i ng t h e r oc ky e n d s of pr oj e c t i ng spur s
s e pa r a t e d from one a not he r by s t ony r avi nes. A t a bout 6 miles, t o
t h e s out he a s t , is a narrow val l ey gi vi ng d i f f i c u l t a c c e s s t o host.
A pa r t y of 200 caval r y unde r Major-General Robe r t s r econnoi t r ed f or
7 m i l e s up t h e Chakmani in 1879, and came t o t h e concl usi on t hat
" t h e pa s s a ge of t r o o p s t h r o u g h t h i s val l ey, i f s e r i ous l y opposed,
would be a mat t er of e xt r e me d i f f i c u l t y , owi ng t o t h e numerous
t o we r s and ha l f - f or t i f i e d vi l l a ge s on commanding poi nt s whi ch l i ne
t h e r out e, a s w e l l a s t h e c ont r a c t i on of t h e val l ey in many places
bringing both s i de s within easy musketry range one of t h e other.
"I t would be i mper at i ve t o move i n t wo col umns, one on each s i de of
t h e Gobarak (Chakmani) st r eam, i n o r d e r t o c a p t u r e simultaneously
t h e vi l l ages on bot h banks. A t h i r d column ( of caval r y and mountain
guns ) mi ght pos s i bl y f i nd a r o u t e al ong t h e bed of t h e st ream, if
its wat er s a r e not swol l en by r ai n or mel t ed snow.
"Di st ance (from t h e mout h of t h e val l ey) , appr oxi mat el y, t o t h e
boundar y of t h e Mangal count r y, 8 miles. ( See "Mangal.")
"Time, on hor s eback, a t a walk, wi t hout ha l t i ng, 2 hours.' ' (Kane,
I .B.C.)
The val l ey is s out h of Qala Chamkani, cal l ed Lador Kholeh in its
upper r egi ons. (LWA)
CHAKRI See CHAKARI &
CHAKSAK & &
34-28 66-11 A. A small Di l api dat ed f o r t i n t h e D a i Zangi count ry.
*CHAKULA I &k
35-1 71-16 m. A vi l l age on t h e Se ga l Khwar whi ch r uns i nt o t he
Kunar r i ve r a t Aman Kol.
*CHAKULAK we
35-1 71-25 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a st r eam whi ch r uns i nt o t he
Runar a t Asmar.
*CML Je
34-31 68-2 m. A vi l l age on t h e Helmand, s out h of t h e Kuh-i-Baba
and west of Bidak.
*CHALAWAK .A
34-28 67-10 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on t h e Tar apas st r eam, about 2
m i l e s nor t he a s t of Watapur. Anot her vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is some
6 miles s o u t h e a s t of Behsud, a t 34-19 67-59 m.
CHALHA
A s e c t i on of t he Muhamnad Khwaja Hazaras.
CHALMDAK
A pl a c e i n t h e Jaghur i Hazara count r y.
CHALOZA I &
A s e c t i on of t h e Ghi l zai s - Se e "Cholozai." A vi l l age wi t h t hi s
name is about 10 miles west of Baraki Barak i n Logar pr ovi nce, at
33-58 68-52 m. ( LWA)
*CHAM I-t
34-46 69-30 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d n o r t h e a s t of t h e Koh-i-Safi and
west of t h e Sur Ghar.
CHAMAL See KHWAJA DEH J k
* CHAMAN irC
35-22 70-35 m. A st r eam whi ch r uns i nt o t h e Pi ch near t h e vi l l age
of Khost. A vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d on t h e Dara-i-Kanti-
wa, a t 35-14 70-49 m.
CHAMAR ,k
35-31 70-3. A r avi ne whi ch dr a i ns west and d e b o u c h e s i n t o t h e
Parian Dara, a t t h e head of Panj shi r , j u s t below t h e vi l l a ge of
Parian. A d i f f i c u l t f o o t p a t h l e a d s up it i nt o Kaf i r i st an. I t is
encl osed by h i g h hi l l s , is not ve r y nar r ow, and t h e r e a r e p l a c e s
wher e a f ew t r o o p s mi ght encamp. The pe opl e of Parian g e t t h e i r
f i r ewood from Chamar, whe r e t h e r e is abundance of willow. The
di s t ance from t h e Parian t o t h e Chamar Kotal is some 10 miles. The
de s c e nt is down a s i m i l a r gl e n equal l y d i f f i c u l t . A t 14 m i l e s t h e
f i r s t Kafir s e t t l e me nt is r e a c he d. It is cal l ed At at i . The n e x t is
Poshal, t h e n Las ht a Gham, and t h e n Larha Pachha. The l a t t e r is a
f o r t sai d t o have been bui l t by Ami r Timur (-i-Lang). Below Pachha
ar e Gadu, Chat ur , and Madul. A t t h e l a t t e r pl a c e t h e e a s t e r n Arioh
and e a s t e r n Wariaj gl e ns uni t e. ( Shahzada Taimus.)
*CHAMBAR e
33-9 67-45 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d s o u t h of t h e Dasht-i-Nawar, and
nor t hwe s t of Taqchi n. Anot her vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is on t h e
Ghazni r i ver , near Abdul Rahman, a t 32-41 68-8 m.
* CHAMBARA
'J+e
32-57 67-30 m. A v i l l a g e l oc a t e d sout h of t he Bal a Kuh.
VHAMBO we
34-8 69-14 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Logar, be-
tween Mazgin and Shaht ut .
CHAMCHAMAST or CHAMCHEH MUST u*
34-30 69-9 A. A st r eam i n t h e Cha r de h val l ey of Kabul, f or med by
dr ai nage from t h e we s t e r n hi l l s from t h e Sur kh Kotal t o t h e Korogh
mountain, and j oi ni ng t h e Kabul a t Guzar gah. In its c o u r s e t h r o u g h
t h e valley, it wa s he s t h e vi l l a ge s of Unchi , Bagwana, and Deh-i-
Bori. I t s name is sai d t o have been gi ven t o it from t h e f a c t t h a t
it is formed by s uc h numer ous small c ont r i but i ons , i.e., s poonf ul s .
I t is dr y f or a month or s o a t midsummer. Many a t t e mp t s have been
made t o br i dge t h e Chamchamast in t h e neighbourhood of (above) Deh-
i-Bori, but a s u d d e n rise of t h e wat er s ha s al ways s we p t away t h e
br i dge. (I.B.c.)
CHAMKANI ;s-L"
33-48 69-49 A. A smaU vi l age near t h e ~ i r z a k a i ~ o t a l : 10 o r 1 5
Khasadare a r e s t a t i one d he r e . (1.B.C.)
CHAMKANI see CHAKMANI
*CHWKANI &J
33-48 69-48.
Chamkani is a wol eswal i i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce. The wol cs-
Wali compr i s es an a r e a of 264 s qua r e ki l omet er s and ha s an agr i cul -
t ur al popul at i on t h a t ha s been es t i mat ed a t from 8,149 t o 12,833.
The wol eswal i is bounded i n t h e w e s t by Hasan Khel and Lajmangal, i n
t h e s out h by Jani Khel, i n t h e e a s t by Dand-wa-Patan and Dareh
Darang, and in t h e nor t h by Jaj i . Chamkani ha s about 71 villages,
one of whi ch ha s more t ha n 500 i nhabi t ant s . The vi l l a ge s a r e l i st ed
i n t h e PG a s f o l l o ws : Garmai ( Gar ami ) , Darak ( Dar aka Khor ot i ) ,
Mangyar, Orgor, Darza Khel, Hesarak-i -Sufl a ( St e r Kalai Hesarak),
Saf ed Kot ( Spi n Kot, Saf ed Koh), Khandan Khel (Akhund Dad Khel),
Sulaiman Khel (Sulaiman Kalai), Hakimzai (Piran-i-Hakim Zai), Gerami
Khurd (Kamkai Gerami), Morgho Manki, Sar Angur, Tana, Andar, Maida-
nil Ts er Dalai, Chenar gai , Ti yos hi ( Toshi ) , Abdurahman Khel, Hesar-
ak- i - Ul ya ( J ul ga - i - He s a r a k) , Alam Kalai, Miyana, Sul t anzai (Sultan-
gai ) , Bangash, Lato Kalai, Ghundi Kalai ( Ghundi ) , Shogi Kalai (Les-
ki ) , Wish Kalai, Muzdi Kalai (Murdi Kalai), Warah Kalai (War Kalai),
Landi Rag ha-i-Sar Angur, Tag h o s h t i , Saqi Khel, Mir G hozar kai (Wag ho-
zai ), Surai Khola (Saroy Khola), Nozi Khola, Tani, Shenkai , Khwaja
Mehr ab, Alam Kalai, S p i r Kalai, Kot ka i , Bamos Kalai, Bot owal ai ,
Nat sapa Kalai, Taru Kalai, Jayo Kalai, Sahi bzadagan, Mirzabeg, Badur
Kalai, Hai der Khel, Koto Kalai, Woti Kalai, Ket er ah, Jangai Kalai,
Chandakh, Draykahol , Mahkam Kalai, She r Khan Kalai, Abdur Rahman
Kalai, Bak h t a wa r Kal ai , Kol yar ai , Nawai Kalai, Mai dah Kalai, Ap
Khel , S t e r Kalai ( Haki mzai ) , War Kot , Mangal , La goz a i , Nar gess,
Darka-i-Kharoti, Sar Negun, Babu Khel, Mada Khel, and Bagyal.
*CHAMRI
&e
34-8 68-29 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d i n t h e Chak-i-Wardak area, on t he
Dara-i-Jelga. Anot her vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is near t h e Ghazni
r i ver , 3 miles s o u t h e a s t of Spi na Kala, a t 32-49 68-7 m.
CHANDAK d+
35- 71-. A Shai kh vi l l age i n t h e Kunar val l ey, j u s t below and on
t h e o p p o s i t e ( r i g h t ) bank t o t h e Gabar vi l l age of Sao. I t consi st s
of 1 8 hous e s , one of whi ch is d e t a c h e d and s ur r ounde d by a high
w a l l l ooki ng Like a f o r t or a masj i d, b u t de c l a r e d t o be merely a
dwel l i ng- house. The f i e l d s about t h e vi l l age a r e pr os pe r oud look-
ing. (Robertson.) Recent maps show t h e name Chunek, a t 35-10 71-25
( LWA
CHAO A
34-24 67-50 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d s o u t h of t h e Helmand, about 5
miles nor t hwest of Behsud.
CHAOGAI 3 .
32-9 68-38 m. A vi l l age i n t h e Wur ar ea, n o r t h we s t of Alakzi.
CHAOGAM r&
34-55 71-18 m. A vi l l age l yi ng be t we e n t h e Kunar r i ver and t he
Af ghan bor de r , near t h e vi l l age of Lemgai.
CHAOKUNI See CHOKANA
*CHAON I u?t
34-15 67-51 m.
A vi l l age l oc a t e d some 8 miles s o u t h we s t of ~ e h s u d
i n Maidan pr ovi nce.
Anot her vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is l ocat ed 34-19
68-1 m.
*CMPA DARAH
~ J J e
34-58 70-54.
Chaqa Darah is an al aqadar i i n Nangarhar province*
The al aqadar i c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 2,297 s q u a r e ki l omet er s and has
an a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on t h a t ha s been es t i mat ed a t from 8t3g8 to
11,393. The al aqadar i is bounded i n t h e s o u t h by ~a r a - Nur and Nur
Gul , i n t h e e a s t by Chauki , Pe c h, and Kamdesh, i n t h e nor t h by Keran
o Minjan and Bargai Matal, and i n t h e w e s t by Al i ngar and Nuri st an.
Chapa Darah ha s a bout 50 vi l l ages , 7 o f whi ch have more t h a n 500
i nhabi t ant s. The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows : Kundi,
Kharah, Qala, Gul Sang, Gozcham Wama, Susam Parun, Bast al a (Bat al a),
Watla, Karangul, Digul, Marchal, Sar i gul , Qarya-i-Saydar, Machura,
~ a l a c h i , G hondi , Tango, Handurak-i-Ulya, Handura k-i-Suf l a, Chamba-
rak, Seh Kot, Surmara, Goshalam, Warsak, Kotkai, Badgah, Bahadur
Kalai, Karbori, Mohabat Kalai, Hazar Mirgul, Nakora, Sayyid Khel,
Sar t ur , Katak, Sul ai manshah, Zemakoh, Wama, Muncham Wama, Kanit Wa,
Kusht akay Parun, Pr onspar un, I s ht oye , Diva Parun, Pe s ha ki Parun,
Kordar, Achno, Kanitwa-i-Ulya, Kanitwa-i-Sufla, Purchaman, Pascham
Wama .
*CHAPARHAR JL rt.t
34-17 70-21 m. Chapar har is an al aqadar i n Nangar har pr ovi nce. The
al aqadari c ompr i s e s an a r e a o f 185 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s and h a s an
agr i cul t ur al popul at i on t h a t ha s been e s t i ma t e d a t from 16, 965 t o
19,390. The al aqadar i is bounded i n t h e nor t h by Sur kh Rud, i n t h e
e a s t by Rodat , i n t h e s o u t h by Pachi r Aqam, and i n t h e w e s t by
Khogiani. Chapar har ha s a bout 29 vi l l ages , 10 of whi ch have more
t han 500 i nhabi t ant s . The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows:
Godara Arokal (Godara), Dago, Shol ana, Banda, Lunga Pur, Hidya Khel
(Sandi Khel), Grat ak, Masti Khel, Char Qala, Mano, Dawlatzai (Dawan
Zai), Bibi Mahro, Luk hi , Qala-i-Shaik h, Fat i r i , G hor abad, Qala-i-
Surk h, Qala-i-Deh Kazi ( G haz wa Kalay) , Karez-i-Ak hund-Dada, Lalma,
Kundi Bag h , Tr i l i , Ta r a ki , Ts a pa r a i , Masj i d- i - Saf e d , Gulam Dag,
Sangina, Mander Khel, Hafezan, and A ghan.
*CHAPARI w e
33-48 68-5 m. A vi l l age on t h e Shemel t u st r eam, s o u t h of t h e Sang-
i-Aoparan.
*CHAPARQOL J9x-t
34-30 67-12 m. A vi l l age on t h e Dara-i-Mur, s o u t h of t h e Kuh-i-Baba
i n Bamian pr ovi nce.
CHAPCHI Jtrt
35- 69-. The f i r s t vi l l age pa s s e d on t h e r oad l eadi ng from t h e Khwak
Pass i nt o t h e u p p e r Panj s hi r val l ey. I t is a bout 6 miles e a s t of
t h e kot al and c ont a i ns 20 h o u s e s of Ti l i Hazaras. ( Shahzada Tai-
mus . )
*CHAPD ARA *J -
35-7 69-5 m. A vi l l age on a t r i but a r y of t h e Ghorband r i ve r , nor t h-
wes t of Char i kar .
Another vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e
Panj shi r, nor t he a s t of Char i kar , a t 35-7 69-28 m.
CHAPDARA ' J 4t
35- 6%. A p a s s l eadi ng over t h e Hindu Kush, n o r t h e a s t of t h e
Chahardar Kotal. ~ppr oa c hi ng from t h e sout heast , t h e t rack l eads up
t h e Hazar Kuch r avi ne whi ch j oi ns t h e ~ i ma k a o a t ~ h u r d Barg, c r o s s e s
t h e Chapdar a Kotal, and t h e n down t o Chapdar a i t s e l f ( d i s t a n t a bout
1 4 or 15 miles), j oi ns t h e Chahar dar road a t t h e j unct i on o f t h e
Pareshan and Chapdar a st r eams. (1.B.C.)
*CHAPKOL cbiLtt
34-58 68-59 m. A vi l l age near Dumba, e a s t of t h e Kuh-i-Khushkak.
CHAPKOLAK 6
34-59 67-36 A. A p a s s over t h e h i l l s s e pa r a t i ng t h e Bamian valley
from t ha t of Saig han. Judgi ng from Dafadar Sahibdad Khan's descrip-
t i on it is e a s i e r t ha n t h e Katar Sum Kotal, t h o u g h t h e l a t t e r i s
c ons i de r e d t h e main road. Gumbat can b e r e a c he d i n one march from
Bamian. Thence over t h e Chap Kolak Kotal.
Halt would be a t Naorak,
about 10 m i l e s from Gumbat, whe r e t h e r e is pl e nt y of room i n t h e
de f i l e . Thence t o aha an-i-Karaoua bel ow t h e l a r g e vi l l age of t hat
name, is about t h e same di s t a nc e . Here t h e d e f i l e j oi ns t h e Tagao
Sai yi d Baba--that is, t h e u p p e r p a r t of t h e Sai ghan val l ey, t h e name
Saighan being appl i ed from t h i s poi nt downwards. In general charac-
ter t h e road r es embl es t h a t by t h e Katar Sum but it a ppe a r s t o be
more eas i l y made pr act i cabl e f o r a r t i l l e r y. ( Sahi bdad Khan.)
CHAPRIAR Or CHAPRIHAR (he ) J&
34-17 70-21. A st r eam whi ch, r i s i ng i n t h e Sa f e d Koh, f l ows north-
e a s t and f a l l s i nt o t h e Kabul r i ve r a bout 2 m i l e s nor t h west of A l i
Boghan. I t was hes t h e vi l l age o f Agam and g i v e s its name t o t he
por t i on of t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t t h r o u g h whi ch it f l ows . (I.B.C.)
Some sour ces show t h e name Chapliar Khwar a t 34-24 70-33. (LWA)
CHAPRI AR J L S ~
34-17 70-21 m. A l a r g e val l ey cont ai ni ng about 2,000 hous es of
Taj i ks and Mohamands about 16 m i l e s w e s t of Shar s hahi . Water i s
p l e n t i f u l t h r o u g h o u t t h e year. Fodde r f o r 12, 000 animals f or one
day and about 2,500 maunds of ungr ound gr ai n can be c ol l e c t e d i n t he
nei g hbour hood. Fuel a l s o is pr ocur abl e. The r e is good grazing
g r o u n d f o r c a me l s a nd t r a n s p o r t ani mal s . Amar Khel , Daul at zai
Kuchi s wi t h about 200 camel s encamp h e r e i n t h e wi nt er a t which time
of t h e year g hi i n l a r g e qua nt i t i e s may be obt ai ned. (Johnst on. )
CHAPRI KOL c l i ) ~
A vi l l age in t h e Sar-i-Jangal val l ey. Rui ns a r e l ocat ed 20 miles
w e s t of Sarmaqul, i n Garmab d i s t r i c t , a t 34-36 66-25 G. A village
wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d on t h e Dara-i-Pich, some 8 miles sout h of
Wama i n Kunar pr ovi nce, a t 35-3 70-42 m. (LWA)
CHARAH J J ~
A v i l l a g e i n t he Muhammad Khwaja, Hazara count r y.
CHARASIAB or CHARASIA ,LJb
34-24 69-9 m. Char asi ab i s an al aqadar i i n Kabul pr ovi nce. The
al aqadar i c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 261 s qua r e ki l omet er s and has a
popul at i on whi ch ha s been var i ousl y es t i mat ed a t from 12,989 to
13,365. The al aqadar i is s out h of t h e Ci t y o f Kabul. charasi ab
i nc l ude s about 73 vi l l ages , of whi ch about 9 have more t han 500
i nhabi t ant s. The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d in t h e PG a s f ol l ows: Chel
Dukht ar an, Elyas Khel, Lako, Mohammad Wais, Andar Ha, Haji Elyas
Khel, Qala-i-G ha f ar , Qala-i-Bawar, Tangi Sayedan, Kakariha, ~al a- i -
Khan, For mol i Ulya, For mol i Su f l a , J a l a l Ta ngi , ahm ma tab ad, A l u
Khel, Deh Kalan, Qarya-i-Luqman, Shah Aziz, Siyah JOY, Shad Khanat
Sur Yawand, Kata Sang, Mia Khel, Qarya-i-Khanan Khel, payendah khelt
Haji Khel, Qarya-i-Charsuq, Ahangaran, Qala-i-Abdul Rauf, Moin Khelt
Sayed ~ h e l , Qe s hl a q, Abbas Quli, Qala-i-Kohna, Dasht ak Ulya Uangi
Dash t a k) , Gorgab, Qarya Pac hi , Qarya Taje ke (Taj i ki a), Qarya Gulzart
Qala-i-Naim, Qal a- i - Ras h i d , Qal a- i - Jaf ar , Haq Dad, Bala Koh, Bala
Qala, Kan wala (Kand ol ah) , Qala-i-Mali k , C har s uq C harasi ab,
Jar nel , Qala-i-Nau, Khairabad, Nau Niyaz, Shah Tut , Ri sh KhOr, gala-
1-Tag han (Qala-i-Tu f an) , Qala-i-Ata, Yah ya Khel, gala-i-Tarin, Tangi
Deb Kalan, Haji Malang, Lalundar, Us ht ur par i dah, Tangi ~ a l u n d a ~ t
~ ~ h i b z a d a h a , Kar ez, Asman Qal a, Qala-i-Aslam, ~ i r a k h o r , ~ a l a - i -
Muhammad Aziz wa Ahmadzai, Qar ya Af ghani a, Qala-i-~uhammad Din, and
Tahir Khel. (LWA) In 1914, t h e ar ea was de s c r i be d a s f ol l ows:
A subdi vi si on of t h e Kabul d i s t r i c t cont ai ni ng, a c c or di ng t o Molloy,
about 10, 000 f ami l i es; all Taj i ks. The vi l l age of Char asi a lies t o
t h e s out h o f Kabul and d i s t a n t from it, by t h e Sang-i -Nawi sht a
r out e, about 10 mi l e s . I t is s i t ua t e d on a smaU pl ai n e nc l os e d by
hi l l s on al l s i d e s , e x c e p t t h e s out hwe s t . The Logar r i ve r c u t s
t h r o u g h t t h e e a s t e r n r a nge and makes its e x i t a t t h e n o r t h e a s t
cor ner of t h e pl ai n t h r o u g h a g o r g e cal l ed t h e Sang-i-Nawishta.
Thr ee r oa ds l ead from t h e Char asi a pl ai n t o wa r d s Kabul. The main,
and most e a s t e r l y, r oad l e a d s t h r o u g h t h e Sang-i-Nawishta al ong t h e
r i ver , and s o nor t hwa r ds by t h e vi l l age of Bini Hi sar t o t h e Bala
Hisar of Kabul. Immedi at el y t o t h e s o u t h of t h e g a p is a semi-
det ached hi l l on t h e l e f t bank of t h e r i ver , and j oi nd t o t h e
he i ght s on t h e w e s t by a low neck, over whi ch t h e r oad pa s s e s .
Another road s t r i k e s o f f from t h e f i r s t , and c r o s s i n g a compara-
t i vel y low pa r t of t h e hi l l s d u e nor t h of Char asi a, l e a d s t o I ndaki ,
a vi l l age i n t h e Cha r de h val l ey c l o s e unde r t h e r a nge whi ch Lies
immediately t o t h e west o f Kabul, and on an e a s t e r l y s p u r of whi ch
t h e c i t y a nd Bala Hi s a r a r e s i t u a t e d . A t h i r d r oa d l e a d s f r om
Charasia i t s e l f s t r a i g h t over t h e hi l l , i n a we s t e r l y di r e c t i on,
i nt o Chardeh.
The Charasi a gr oup of vi l l ages c ons i s t i ng of about 1, 200 h o u s e s of
Afghans and Taj i ks is s ur r ounde d by o r c h a r d s and wal l ed e nc l os ur e s .
Fodder f o r 10, 000 ani mal s f o r one day and about 1, 000 maunds of
unground gr ai n would be obt ai nabl e a t any t i me .
The l ocal i t y is now hi s t or i c a l a s t h e s c e n e of Si r Fe de r i c k Rober t s '
vi ct or y over t h e Af ghan army on t h e 6 t h Oct ober 1879, when mar chi ng
on Kabul t o a ve nge t h e massacr e of t h e Br i t i s h embassy i n t h e pr e-
ceedi ng month. For d e t a i l s of t h i s a c t i on and of t h a t of t h e 26t h
April 1880, see t h e "Of f i ci al Hi s t or y of t h e Second Af ghan War."
CHARBAGH t L ! k
34-32 70-19 m. A vi l l age i n t h e Sur kha b di vi s i on of t h e Jal al abad
di s t r i c t , s i t ua t e d a bout 6 m i l e s w e s t of t h e t own of Jal al abad.
Inhabi t ant s: Taj i ks. ( J ohns t on, Jenkyns. ) Thi s vi l l age may be
i dent i cal wi t h t h e one below.
( LWA)
CHARBAGH ~ L J b
34-32 70-18 A. A l a r g e vi l l age i n Laghman, s i t u a t e d 2 m i l e s nor t h
of t h e conf l uence of t h e ~ l i n g a r and ~ a b u l r i ve r s . I t was f or mer l y
well known a s a pl ace whe r e s wo r d s and gun- bar r el s wer r e manufac-
t ur ed. The Emperor Babar made a r oyal ga r de n a t Char bagh.
A s qua d-
ron of caval ry is qua r t e r e d
her e.
The i nhabi t ant s a r e Taj i ks. The f ol l owi ng a r e t h e haml et s composi ng
t he C harbag h township:
Kala-i-Ghulam Jan 14.
Kala-i-Muhamnad Akram 15.
Kala-i-~uhamnad Akbar 16.
Kala- i-Saidan 17.
Lalapur 18.
Kal a-i -Sai yi d A l i 19.
Deh Kuz ~ u l a l a n 20.
Deh Bar Kul al an 21.
Kala-i-Mufti 22.
Kala-i-Kazi 23.
Banda- i-Baba 24.
Kala- i-Ibrahim 25.
Kala-i-Sardar Mahmud Yahi ya
Kala-i-Bostan
Kala-i-Mahmud Akram Khan
Kala-i-Mulla Hai dar
Kala-i-Gul Badshah
Kala-i-Ha j i
Kala-i-Kalatak
Kala-i-Arwa
Kala-i-Haji Rasul Khan
Kala-i-Kazi Imamuddin
Kala-i-Rahim
Banda-i-Akhunzada
13. Kala-i-Mulla I d r i s 26. Kala-i-Mian Nur
(Moorchoft, Masson, Warburton, I.B.C..)
CHARDEH 6 J J ~
34-32 69-0. A va l l e y, o r r a t h e r a pl ai n, l y i n g t o t h e west of
Kabul, and formi ng a s ubdi vi s i on of t h e Kabul d i s t r i c t . Its bound+
r i e s may be t h u s r oughl y de f i ne d: nor t h t h e h i l l s (an o f f s h o o t from
t h e Paghman range) running from t h e Surkh Kotal t o Aoshar; south t he
Kor ogh mount ai n; e a s t t h e Asmai, S h e r Darwaza, and Haf t Kotal
h e i g h t s ; w e s t t h e hi l l known a s t h e Koh-i-Chonghor, and a s pur t o
t h e nor t h of it, runni ng down from t h e r i d g e e a s t of t h e Surkh
Kotal. The val l ey is, a s nearl y a s pos s i bl e, 6 m i l e s squar e, and is
ver y f er t i l e. I t is wat er ed by t h e Kabul r i ver and its t ri but ary
t h e Chamchamast, and al so by numerous karez.
The whol e of t h i s pl ai n is cover ed wi t h s m a l l vi l l ages and f or t s ,
s ur r ounded wi t h or c ha r ds , w i l l o w s and popl ar s , and is one mass of
cul t i vat ed f i e l ds . It is t r a ve r s e d by a number of r oads, t he
pr i nci pal one s bei ng t h a t r unni ng we s t wa r ds t o Arg handeh ( t h e main
Kaubl-Herat r oad) , wher e a not he r br anches o f f t o t h e s out h west to
Ghazni, over t h e Kotal-i-Takht; a not he r r u n s s out hwa r ds along t he
l e f t bank of t h e r i ver of Ri s hkor wher e it c r o s s e s t h e r i ver by a
s t o n e b r i d g e and event ual l y j oi ns t h e main Ghazni road nort h of
Kala Durani; y e t a not he r br anches o f f t o t h e nor t h from Arghandeh
and runni ng bet ween t h e Asmai and Aoshara hi l l s event ual l y j oi ns t he
main Kaubl-Charikar road. The s e r o a d s a r e all w e l l made, and prac-
t i cabl e f o r wheel s , b u t owi ng t o t h e cul t i vat i on and t o t h e number
of f o r t i f i e d vi l l ages, or c ha r ds , etc., t h e i nt er veni ng count ry i s
d i f f i c u l t even f o r t h e pa s s a ge of i nf ant r y. Char deh has a popula-
t i on of some 12,000 fami l i es, and t h e pr oduct i on of wheat , barley,
rice and maize, whi ch a r e al most t h e onl y c r o p s gr own, must be very
gr eat . None of t h e l and is al l owed t o lie fal l ow, a consi derabl e
amount of l uc e r ne and s h a f t a l (a s p e c i e s of cl over ) bei ng grown as
al t er nat i ve c r o p s t o wheat and barl ey.
The name is sai d t o have been or i gi nal l y Chahar-dar-Chahar, i.e.,
" t h e squar e, " and t o have been c or r upt e d t o Char deh. The following
is a list of t h e Char deh vi l l ages and f o r t s :
Vi l l ages I nhabi t ant s
1. Aliabad
2. Allah-ud-din
3. Aoshar
4. Aoshar-i-Thiba
5. Bagwana
6. Deh-i-Bori
7. D e h-i-Kalandar
8. Deh- i-Mozang
9. Deh-i-Miskin
10. Deh-i-Murad Khan
11. Gaokhana
12. Guz a r ga h
13. Inchu
14. Indaki
15. Jangal ak
16. Kala-i-Abdul Aziz
17. Rala-i-AWul Hashim
18. Rala-i-Abdulla Khan
19. Kala-i-Aqha Asghar
20. Kala- i-Agha Jan
21. Kala-i-Agha Muhamad
Bar akzai s and Ta j i ks
Gadi Hazaras
Ki zi l bas hes
K i z i l bas hes
Ta j i ks
Taj i ks
Taj i k s
Taj i ks and Ki zi l bas hes
Ta j i ks
Ta j i k s
Hazaras and Ta j i ks
Ta j i k s andKi zi l bashe8
Ta j i ks
II
Ki zi l bas hes
n
22. Kala-i-Ali Mardan Kul
23. ~ala-i-Amin-ud-daula Khan
24. Kala-i-Fatu
25. ~ala-i-Fazil Beg
26. ~ala-i-Ghaibi
27. ~ala-i-Haji Yusuf
28. ~ala-i-Jabar Khan
29. Kala-i-Jafir Jan
30. Kala-i-Iltifat
31. Kala-i-Karim Khan
32. ~ala-i-Kazi
33. Kala-i-Muhamad Karim Khan
34. Kala-i-Muhammad Umar
35. Kala-i-Mir Akhor Agha Jan
36. Kala-i-Mir Akhor Ali
Muhammad Khan
37. Kala-i-Mir Ak hor Kasim
38. Kala-i-Mir Ghaza
39. Kala-i-Mirza Ahmad Khan
40. Kala-i-Mirza Ghulam Sidik
41. Kala-i-Mirza Jafir
42. Kala-i-Mirza Jawat
43. Kala-i-Mohib Ali Khan
44. Kala-i-Munal
45. Kala-i-Nazir Ali Muhammad
46. Kala-i-Safdar Ali Khan
47. Kala-i-Samandar
Khan, or Chonghor
48. Kala-i-Sardar Muhamad
Amin Khan
49. Kala-i-Sardar Wali
Muhammad Khan
50. Kala-i-Shah Mardan Kul
51. Kala-i-Shams-ud-din Khan
52. Kala-i-Shukur Ulla Khan
53. Kala-i-Sultan Ali
54. Kala-i-Sultan Jan
55. Kala-i-Surkh
56. Kala-i-Wazir
57. Kala-i-Zaman Khan
58. Khingot
59. Murghigiran
60. Musai
61. Rishkor-i-Pain
62. Sarasia
63. Teba
Barakzais
n
Hazaras
Ta j iks
II
Kizilbashes
Barakzais
Kizilbashes
Ta jiks
Kizilbashes
Ta j iks
Barakzais
Ta j iks
Kizilbashes
Hazaras
~ajik s and Barak zais
Popalzais
Baluchis
Tajiks and Baluchis
Tajiks
~izilbashes
I 1
Barakzais
Taj iks
Kizilbashes
Tokh i s
Tajiks
Gadi Hazaras
Tajiks
11
Barakzais
Ki z i lbashes
Hazaras
Ta j iks
Hazaras
II
Ahmadzai Ghilzais
Adramzai and Ahmadzai
Ghilzais
Tajiks
I 1
The Revenne of Chardeh is said to amount to about two lakhs of rupee
(Kabul i?) .
For an account of the action on the Chardeh plain on 11th December
1879, see the "Official History of the Second Afghan War." (Molloy,
Wanliss, I.B.c.)
CHARDEH 4 +b
34- 70-. Elevation 1,822 feet. A large walled village in the
Pesh Bolak subdivision of the Jalalabad district. 7 1/2 miles north-
west of Basawal. ~t contains (in 1904) some 400 families of Barak-
zais, Possessing about 1,200 head of cattle, 1,500 sheep and goats
and 50 buf faloes. The annual production of wheat and barley averages
about 22,000 I ndi an maunds. Fodde r f o r a bout 3,000 animals f or one
day is pr ocur abl e from Char deh and its nei ghbour hood. Mandezai
Kuchi s wi t h about 250 camel s come and settle h e r e i n t h e winter.
The r e is gr azi ng gr ound f o r camel s and mules. The r e is a f or c e of
400 kha s a da r s s t a t i one d her e. (Wanliss, J ohns t on, I.B.C.)
CHARDEH J J ~
34- 70-. A l a r g e vi l l age, or r a t h e r t o wn s h i p i n Laghman, si t uat ed
on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Al i ngar r i ver , a bout 8 miles above t h e
j unct i on of t h a t st r eam wi t h t h e Kabul. The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Umar
Khel Ghi l zai s.
The f ol l owi ng f o r t s and haml et s a r e i ncl uded i n Chardeh:
1. Kabil-i-Mulla J an Dad 8. Kala-i-AWul Rahim
2. Kabil-i-Yunis Akhunzada 9. Kala-i-Sher Gul
3. Banda-i-Pahlwan 10. Kala-Miran
4. Kala-i-Sher Gul 11. Ghundi Khudadad
5. Kala-i-Ghulam 12. Kala-i-Akhunzada
6. Hasan Khel 13. Mullayan
7. Kala-i-Muhamad Rahim 14. Pa j a gi
(Warburton.)
*CHARDEH 4 J J ~
32-55 67-30 m. A vi l l age i n Ghazni pr ovi nce, n o r t h we s t of Mukur.
The r e is a l s o a vi l l age wi t h t h i s name l oc a t e d a t 34-43 66-49 A.
*CHARDEH I & J J ~
34-28 69-8.
Cha r de hi is a wol eswal i i n Kabul pr ovi nce. The woleswa-
li c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 140 s qua r e ki l ome t e r s and ha s an agr i cul t u-
r al popul at i on whi ch ha s been var i ousl y e s t i ma t e d by Af g han sour ces
a t from 31,314 t o 48,325. The wol eswal i is bounded i n t h e west by
Paghman, in t h e nor t h by Shakar Dara and Deh-Sabz, i n t h e e a s t by
Bagrami and in t h e s o u t h by Charasi ab. Cha r de hi i nc l ude s about 4 6
vi l l ages , of whi ch about 4 1 have more t ha n 500 i nhabi t ant s. The
v i l l a g e s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e P G a s f o l l o ws : Qala-i-Wazir, Qala-i-
J af ar , Qala-i-Akhund, Bangsi dar , Diwan Begi , Deh Mubarak, Qala-i-
Jawad, Af shar-i -Nanakchi , Spi n Kalai, Qal a- i - ~or g hgi r an, Qarya Ala-
wuddi n, Qarya Khwaja Mulla, Qala-i-Shadah, Gul khana, Af shar Darul-
Aman, Deh Murad Khan, Qala-i-Muslem, Sar Asyab, ~al a-i -Bak htiyar,
Qal a- i - Jabar , Qal a- i - Al i mar dan, C h e h i l Su t u n , Qala-i-Fatu, ~al a- i -
Qazi , Qala-i-Nau, Ri s h k hor - i - Suf l a, C h a h a r Qala, ~a l a - i - Ba ha dur ,
Saber , Chahar Qulba, Aqa A l i Shams, Deh Dana, Waselabad, ~al a- i -
Ghaibi, Jangal ak, Faze1 Beg, Niaz Beg, Deh Qal ander, Unchi Baghba-
nan, Yus uf Bangi , Qa l a - i - Kha s he f , ~a l a - i - Mus a Char dehi , ~al a- i -
Khwajaha, Dehbur i wa Pul-i-Sokhta, Doghabad, gala-i-Wahed, pala-1-
Nazar, and Qala-i-Maruf .
CHARDI
J J J ~
34- 70-.
A l o f t y mountain r a nge t o t h e nor t h of Laghman, pi l ed U P
bet ween t h e Alingar and Al i shang r i ver s . he Ba dpa kht hi l l s ar e an
o f f s h o o t from t h i s r ange. (Hol di ch. )
CHARDU KOL
34- 70-. A pl a c e i n t he Besud count r y.
CHARGO O r CHERGO
Jfl
33- 6%.
A vi l l age on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Karaia st r eam, about 5
m i l e s e a s t on Ahmad Khel. I nhabi t ant s: Ahmad ~ h e l ~ a j i e . The place
is sai d t o cont ai n 150 f i g h t i n g men. ( Col l et t . ) A w e l l cal l ed Chargo
Chashma is about 1 3 miles s out h of A l i Merdan i n Parwan provi nce, at
35-34 67-12 G. ( LWA)
*CHARGOSHA 41 b
34-28 67-46 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Helmand,
about 4 miles nor t h of its c onf l ue nc e wi t h t h e Helmand.
CHARI AK
Two v i l l a g e s i n t h e Rah Kol va l l e y.
CHAR1 KAR ~dok
35-0 69-10. Char i kar is a wol eswal i i n Parwan pr ovi nce. The wol es-
w a l i compr i s es and a r e a of 189 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s and ha s an agr i cul -
t ur al popul at i on t h a t ha s been e s t i ma t e d a t from 28,928 t o 30,519.
The wol eswal i is bounded i n t h e west by Shi nwar , i n t h e nor t h by
Jabal Saraj, i n t h e e a s t by Mahmud Raqi, and i n t h e s o u t h by Bagram.
Chari kar i nc l ude s a bout 70 vi l l ages , of whi ch 25 have more t ha n 500
i nhabi t ant s. The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows: Senj ed
Dara, Kariz Ulya, Deh Guchak, Deh Rais, Deh Aft ab, Deh Neshar , Deh
G hol aman, Qala-i-Sif a l a n, Qala-i-Ali Khan, Kulalan, Qala-i-Najarha,
Karizak Suf l a, Qala-i-Sharif, Peshi an, Khwaja Sayaran-i-Ulya, Qala-
i-Mulla, Qala-i-La1 Mir Khan, Qala-i-Kh wajaha, Deh Qazi , Tog hbe r di ,
Qala-i-Mirza, Dol ana, Nahya-i-A w gal - i - Seh Guz e r , Guzer - i - Aqai ,
Guzer-i-C ha r s uq, Nahya-i-Dum-i-Seh Guzer , Guzer-i-Khalifa, Naimguzer
Khan Mohammad Khan, Guzer-i-Sultani, Nahya-i-Sewum, Guzer-i-Haqdad,
Charmgari, Guzer-i-Sayed Al i , Totum Dara-i-Sufla, Dogh Abad, Khwaja
Sayaran-i-Sufla, Lag hmani, Meyans hak h, Baba Khel, Abdibay, Qala-i-
Nau-i-Abdibay, Sad ul l ah , Baran Ulya, Tup Dara, Qala-i-Saf e d , Qala-i-
Khalifaha, Shamaq, Bal t uk hel , Hof ya n- i - Sha r i f , Das h t -i -Hof yan-i -
Sh a r i f , Qala-i-Mir-Kalan, Totum Dara-i-Ulya, Qala-i-Sahra, Sayadan,
Qalacha-i-Sok ht a, Jamshed Khel, Qala-i-Zaman, A k h t c h i , Deh Mona
Y u s u f , Qala-i-Nau, Qal a-i -Badal , Qal a- i - Faqi r s h a h , Bayan-i-Sufla,
Khala Zai, C honey Sadozai , Kangal Sadozai , Rahas ht , and Shahr-i-Nau.
( LWA) In 1914, t h e ar ea was de s c r i be d a s f ol l ows: A s ubdi vi s i on of
Kohistan. I t c o n s i s t s of t h e t own of Char i kar and its nei g hbour hood,
and is sai d t o be unde r Jalal-ud-dun, Kandahari. The f ol l owi ng is a
list of t h e vi l l a ge s on t h e daman of t h e Paghman r ange, wi t h t h e i r
~ o p u l a t i o n s , a s gi ven i n 1886 t o Shahzada Taimus a t Char i kar , but it
is not known wh e t h e r t h e y all bel ong t o t h e Char i kar s ubdi vi s i on:
V i l l a g e s
Number of
Houses
1. Tutamdara 200
2. Oplam 300
3. Khwaja Si ahr an Aol i a 300
4. Top Dara 300
5. Shahmak 50
6. S i n j i t Dara 1, 000
7. Khal azai 100
I nha bi t a nt s
Ta j i k s
Ta j i ks
Ta j i k s
Taj i k s
Mohmad s
Ta j i ks
Afghans
Si nl i t Dara c ompr i s e s t h e f ol l owi ng: ~al a-i -Mi r, Akbar Khan, Deh
Pitao, Deh G hulaman, Deh Ni shar , Asia wanan, Kulalan, Deh G haochak,
Deh Rais, Karezak-i-Pain, and Karezak-i-Bala.
East of Char i kar a r e t h e f ol l owi ng v' i l l ages :
1. Baba Khel and Mian
Shakh 300
2. Daul at Shahi 200
3. Khwaja Si ahr an Suf l a 250
Ta j i k s
Ta j i ks
Ta j i k s
Laghman and Suj i an 400
Pashaian 500
Daulana 400
Kalacha-i-Sokhta 100
Deh Mulla Yusuf 12 0
Bal aghi l and Aki l Juni 100
Kala-i-Zaman 100
Deh Kazi 400
Deh Sai j ad 500
Toghbid i 400
Darashah Khel 200
Ta j i ks
Taj i ks
Ta j i ks
Taj i ks
Taj i ks
Taj i ks
Taj i ks
Taj i ks
Taj i ks
Taj i ks
Ta j i ks
Far t her e a s t or s out heas t , t oward, or al ong, t h e Panj shi r ri ver are:
1. Khwaja Khi zri 1,000 Taj i ks
2. Robat 2,000 Taj i ks
(Shahzada Taimus. )
CHAR I KAR ,&b
35-1 69-11 A. Elevation 4,920 f e e t . A t own a t t h e mouth of t he
Ghorband valley, 40 m i l e s nor t h of Kabul, t h e r es i dence of t he
Governor of Kohistan.
I t is sai d (1882) t o cont ai n 3,000 hous es i nhabi t ed by Tajiks (900
hous es ) , Uzbaks, Ki zi l bashes, Hazaras, and Hi ndus (150 houses). The
l at t er , some of whom are Si khs , are all t r a de r s and shopkeeper s.
Iron-ore is br ought he r e in gr e a t quant i t i es from t h e Ghorband
mines, and is worked up f o r t h e Kabul market.
Transi t due s ar e, or were, char ged a t t h e r a t e of R s . 5 per camel or
pony-lead, Rs . 3 per donkey-load, R s . 5 pe r hor s e or camel, Rs . 3
per donkey, R s . 3 per head of cat t l e, R s . 1 pe r 6 head of sheep
coming from Turkistan.
The due s on goods are t h e same goi ng upwar ds a s downwards, but
unladen animals r et ur ni ng ar e not char ged f or .
Ther e ar e s ever al mud f o r t s in t h e t own and more i n t h e immediate
nei g hbourhood. Within t h e walls t h e l a r ge s t f o r t is ~ala-i-Kazi;
out s i de t h e pl ace t h e pr i nci pal one is ~ala-i-Khwaja Abdul ~ha l i k.
Ther e a r e a number of or c ha r ds a t Chari kar whi ch ext end f or some
di s t ance nor t h and s out h along t h e road.
The posi t i on of Chari kar is of gr e a t s t r a t e gi c i mport ance, as t he
r oads over t h e Hindu Kush pr oper uni t e in its nei ghbourhood. There
is a road f rorn Chari kar whi ch goes over t h e hi l l by Opian t o ~awakal
in t h e Ghorband valley. (See "Chetak.")
In 1839 Chari kar was t h e s e a t of a Br i t i sh Pol i t i cal Agent, and t he
station of Shah Shuja's Gurkha regiment. When t he insurrection broke
Out, t h e post i on was at t acked by t h e warl i ke Kohi st ani s, and af t er
some days' s ever e f i ght i ng, and t h e s uppl y of wat er bei ng c u t of f , a
r e t r e a t was made on Kabul, whi ch ended in t h e des t r uct i on of t he
gr eat er par t of t h e garri son, Major El dred Pot t i nger , ~i eut enant
Haughton, and one Gurkha only escaping, although 165 men, survivors~
were a f t e r wa r ds col l ect ed by t h e l a t t e r o f f i c e r on t h e advance of
General Pol l ock' s army.
The valley of Chari kar, s ays Pot t i nger , o f f e r s ever y advantage for
t h e cantonment of t r oops ; it abound8 in s uppl i e s of al l kinds;
Labour is cheap, and t h e f or age f or hor s e s and camels excel l ent and
t h e climate is milder t han t h a t of Kabul. (A.B.C., 1.B.C.)
*CHARK Or CHARQ LW
34-5 67-11 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed a t a bend of t h e elm and rivcr1
nor t h of the Pitaoqol.
THARKALA
4 rb
33-45 68-10 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Ghor band,
s out h of Shi bar .
CHARKH O r CHERKH CW) C*
CHARKH ( +) c?
33-48 68-56 m. Cha r kh is t h e name of an al aqadar i i n t h e Logar
provi nce. The al aqadar i c ompr i s e s an ar ea o f 760 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s
and has an a qr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on whi ch ha s been var i ousl y esti-
mated a t from-13, 758 t o 21,463. The al aqadar i is bounded i n t h e west
by Sayyidabad and Zenakhan, i n t h e nor t h by Baraki, i n t h e n o r t h e a s t
by Pul-i-Alam, and i n t h e s o u t h e a s t by Gar dez and Zurmat. Cha r kh
i ncl udes some 63 vi l l a ge s x, of whi ch a bout ni ne have more t ha n 500
i nhabi t ant s. The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows : Garmaba,
Bandoka, Shas h Qala, Ba khs hi Kharwar, Mango Khel, Khumari Khel,
Shamshi r Khel, Hush Khel, Sai do Khel, Balo Khel-i-Kharwar, Omar Khan
Khar war , Khani Khel , J a wz i , Cha l a k Khe l , Bazi Khel , Kunj Qal a,
Kotagai, Char k hi , Qarya-i-Karez, Qala-i-Naf t, Zard Sang, Abjosh-i-
Suf la, Qala-i-Nau Shahr , Pi nsgr am, Abjos h-i-Bala, Qala-i-Nau, Qarya-
i-Homai, Bibi Shol gar , Mirgat, Qol-i-Jalal, Argana, Warsang, Ghur-
f an, Khak, Qol-i-Sabz, Gadol , Kh waj a Angur , As h i Khel , Qal a- i -
Shai khan Sadat , Haibat Khel, Delbar Alu, Begum Kharwar, Tawus Khel,
Mochi Khel, Kandel, Bahad ur , Arzo k hel , ~abar - i - Rahi m Al i , Dabar-i-
Khwajaha, Khushk, Dasht , Azuk Khel, Mani, Karez-i-Mohd. Rasul, Yar
Gul, Al i Jan Khel, Qarya-i-Safedar, Tughyani , Dawlat Khel, Apakhan-
i-Kharwar, Qarya-i-Rustam-i-Masudi, Asi yab, Kunj i K h e l , Qarya-i -
Mane, Kata Sang, Baba Khel, Shaykhan Shamsher , Kotaki-i-Shamsher,
Zardak Khel, Daft ak Khel, Kodoli, Qarya-i-Kharwar, Takht ak- i - Char kh,
Jaw Darakht , Pagram, Panj Paye, Kunj Darah, ~al a- i - Yar Gul, Shai khan
and Allah Khan. (LWA) In 1914, t h i s ar ea was de s c r i be d a s f ol l ows:
A subdi vi si on of t h e Logar d i s t r i c t . The Cha r kh, or Ch e r k h , val l ey
is formed by a r e c e s s i n t h e r a nge di vi di ng Logar form Kharwar, and
s h u t out from t h e f or mer by some low hi l l s r unni ng f o r 9 m i l e s
nearly e a s t and w e s t .
The va l l e y c ont a i ns 4 v i l l a g e s .
1. Kala-i-Nao 2. Pingram
3. Garmao 4. Nao Shahar
The above vi l l ages cont ai ned, i n 1880, 1, 000 Tajik f ami l i es, and t h e
head men t h e n were Kutab-ud-din and Gener al Ghulam Haidar, t h e late
Sipah Salar. The val l ey, bei ng wel l - wat er ed by a st r eam r i s i ng i n
Kharwar, is hi ghl y c ul t i va t e d: Wheat a p p e a r s t o be t h e pr i nc i pa l
cr op. I t abounds in vi ne ya r ds and f r u i t ga r de ns , whi l s t popl ar ,
chi nar , and a s h a r e ver y numerous.
In t h e backgr ound t h e hi l l s a r e d o t t e d wi t h wild almond trees. The
Tajik i nhabi t ant s a r e di vi de d i n t o t wo f a c t i ons , whi ch a r e c ons t a nt -
l y at war wi t h each ot he r . Fur t he r i nf or mat i on r e ga r di ng t h e u p p e r
Port i on of t h e Char kh is gi ven unde r "Kharwar." Se e a l s o "Logar."
A squadr on of r egul ar caval r y and 150 kha s a da r s a r e qua r t e r e d i n
Chark h. (I.B.C., McLean, Euan Smith.)
CHARKHEL &,4
33-5 69-33 m. The we s t e r n e xt r e mi t y of a l o f t y r a nge of hi l l s whi ch
di vi des Khost form t h e Tochi val l ey and rises t o an el evat i on o f
9,900 f e e t . On t h e s out he r n s l o p e s t h e f o r e s t c o n s i s t s of oak below
and pi nes above; on t h e west t h e r e is a d e n s e f o r e s t of c hi l goz a
and o t h e r pi nes; on t h e nor t he r n s l o p e s t h e c hi l goz a di s a ppe a r s , b u t
t he r e is an equal l y d e n s e f o r e s t of o t h e r pi ne s and deodar .
The
s u mmi t s of t h e p e a k s are s t e e p , but t h e r a nge is not pr eci pi t uos as
a r ul e. The r e is e x c e l l e n t gr azi ng i n t h e val l eys.
On t h e nor t h and w e s t s i d e of Cha r khe l r uns t h e Mir Tsappar valley
whi ch is bounded by t h e Mir Ts appar hi l l s . Thi s val l ey is some 3
miles br oad, and h e r e and t h e r e i n it a r e e x t e n s i v e cl ear i ngs.
The h i g h e s t peak
of Cha r khe l is a l s o known a s Char ki aghar , or Khar
Kamar. On t h i s pe a k was p l a c e d , i n 1 8 9 5 , p i l l a r No. 1 of t h e
Chark hel-Laram and Chark hel-Kh waja Khidr sect i ons of t h e Indo-Af ghan
boundary. The s u mmi t of t h e Ch a r k h e l r i d g e f or ms t h e boundary f or
about 15 m i l e s e a s t from t h i s pi l l ar , and al ong t h e wat er s hed r uns
an ol d r oad, known a s t h e "Badshahi Lar." Thi s r oad, which i s
s u p p o s e d t o have been made by Mahmud of Ghazni and t o r un al l t he
way from Ghazni t o Khost , t h o u g h i n bad r e pa i r i n pa r t s , is still a
good mule road t hr oughout .
*CHAR QARYA (HESA-I-AWAL) (cb' rb
35-23 69-40. Char Qarya is an al aqadar i i n Parwan pr ovi nce. The
al aqadar i c ompr i s e s an ar ea o f 2, 113 s q u a r e ki l omet er s and has an
a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on t h a t h a s been e s t i ma t e d a t from 14,199 t o
17,586. The al aqadar i is bounded i n t h e west by Panj s hi r and Andar-
ab, i n t h e nor t h by Khos t o Farang and Warsaj, i n t h e e a s t by Keran
0 Munjan and Nur est an, and i n t h e s o u t h by Dara Hazara. Char Qarya
i nc l ude s about 19 vi l l ages , of whi ch 10 ha ve more t ha n 500 inhabi-
t ant s . The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows: Kor Pitab,
Shal Kacha, J e s h t a , Kojan, Shah Niz, Deh-i-Parian, Koh-i-Sur, (Koh
Sur-i-Parian) , Qala-i-Parian, Pe s h g hor , Tul e (Tol e), K haw ak, Khinj,
Purchaman, Daht-i-Ze wat (Al but ), Saf i d Che hr , Omar Khel (Omarz),
Zina-i-Omarz, Raghak Ghoza ( Ghor ar ) , Kharo, Chi nzai , Ibrahim Khel,
Khumari Khel, Awal Khel, Rutam Khel, and Gadi.
CHARTUT +r6
34-17 69-52 m. A vi l l age in t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t , about 10 miles
west of Gandamak, on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Sur khab r i ver , and about 5
miles above t h e Su r k h p u l br i dge. The r oad from Gandamak t o Tezin
p a s s e s t h r o u g h t h i s pl ace. I t c ont a i ns a bout 300 hous e s i nhabi t ed
by Ghi l zai s. Fodde r f o r 3,000 ani mal s f o r one day and about 400
maunds of ungr ound gr ai n may be c ol l e c t e d i n t h e vi l l age and neigh-
bour hood. Fuel is abundant and t h e r e is good gr ound f o r encamp-
ment. (McNair, Johnst on. ) Anot her pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is near
Kalakan, e a s t of t h e Kabul-Charikar r oad, a t 34-48 69-12 m. (LWA)
*CHARU ub
35-22 69-39 m. A vi l l age on t h e Panj s hi r r i ver , about 1 m i l e north-
e a s t of Barak.
*CHARWAZAI arb
33-24 69-9 m. A vi l l age s o u t h we s t of Ghazni i n t h e Zurmat area-
CHARWAZAI & ~ b
34- 69-. A vi l l age i n t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t . I t s t a n d s between
t h e Narioba and Hisarak s t r eams , a bout 2 m i l e s s o u t h we s t of ~ a g h i -
band. I nhabi t ant s , Shi nwar i s. (Jenkyns. ) Anot her pl ace with t hi s
name is l ocat ed s o u t h e a s t of Kabul, a t 34-19 69-19 m. ( LWA)
*CHARWAZGAI . JjiuCt
34-9 70-26 m.
A vi l l age s out h of Jalalabad and 2 m i l e s nor t hwes t of
Haska Mina.
QlASHMA WZDAN See DANDAN SHIKAN.
CHASHMA HUSAIN See HUSAIN
CHASHMA-I-ALI MALANG a>-
34- 69-. A s p r i n g and s h r i n e near Kabul, b e t we e n I n d a k i and Ba-
- -
bar ' s tomb. (I.B.c.)
CHASHMA-I-CHONGHOR O r KALA-I-SAMANDAR KHAN A-
34- 69-. A f o r t i n t h e Cha r de h val l ey, Kabul d i s t r i c t , a b o u t 2
miles nor t h of Kala-i-Ghulam Hai dar Khan. Th e r e a r e , i n all, a bout
30 f ami l i es i n t h e pl ace, Ta j i ks and Ghi l zai s .
CHASHMA-I-KHIDAR ( T ) * *
34- 69-. A s p r i n g and s h r i n e near Kabul, bel ow t h e r oad ( s o u t h
s i de ) be t we e n t h e Bala Hi sar and t h e S h e r Darwaza hi l l .
On Fr i da ys
t h e s h r i n e is v i s i t e d by c r o wd s of c i t y pe opl e , b o t h Musulmans and
Hindus. (I.B.C.)
CHASHMA-I-MUKU
33- 69-. A v i l l a g e i n t h e A l i Kh e l s u b d i v i s i o n o f t h e Gh a z n i
d i s t r i c t , s i t u a t e d on t h e main r oad f r om Kandahar t o Ghazni . (Has-
t i n g ~ . )
CHASHMA-I-MURGHAN
"L.
34- 69-. A s p r i n g i n t h e s o u t h e r n s l o p e s of t h e Kor ogh mont ai n,
near Kabul, b e t we e n S h a h t u t and Lal andar. It is w e l l known a s a
f a vor i t e r e s o r t f o r hi l l - pa r t r i dge s whi c h a r e h e r e t r a p p e d i n g r e a t
numbers. (I.B.C.)
CHASHMA-I-PANJA-I-SHAH
r k 6
34- 69-. A s p r i n g and wel l - known s h r i n e i n t h e Kabul d i s t r i c t ,
s i t ua t e d on t h e e a s t e r n s l o p e of t h e Takht -i -Shah mount ai n, a bout 1
m i l e above Kala-i-Hashmat Khan. (I.B.C.)
CHASHMA-I-PANJAK k-
A hal t i ng pl a c e i n t h e Ghazni d i s t r i c t , a t s ome s p r i n g s 2 m i l e s t o
t h e west of t h e Tarnak r i ve r . About 1 m i l e on t h e l e f t bank of t h e
r i ver is Kala-i-Jafir Khan, and t h e r e a r e s e v e r a l l a r g e vi l l a ge s on
e i t h e r s i d e of t h e r i ve r . Fi r ewood pr oc ur a bl e , and g r a s s and camel
f or a ge a r e pl e nt i f ul . Thi s p o i n t mar ks t h e s o u t h e r n boundar y o f t h e
Ghazni d i s t r i c t . ( Hough, Outram, N. Campbel l , Hast i ngs. )
*CHASHMAO ~b
35-14 69-18 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e S h o t u l s t r eam, a t r i b u t a r y of t h e
Panj shi r .
CHASHMA PALU See PALU
CHASHT -
34-58 66-32. A g l e n i n t h e n o r t h we s t of Yak Walang. I t d r a i n s f r om
t h e n o r t h e a s t and d e b o u c h e s i n t o t h e ~ud-i- and-i-Amir a t 3 miles
above Marqhi. ~t is t h r e e or f o u r h u n d r e d y a r d s a c r o s s wh e r e it
j oi ns t h e main val l ey, and it is s a i d t o b e a l ong mar ch t o t h e he a d
o f it. T h e r e a r e r o a d s f r om it t o Dara Yus uf a n d Bami an, a n d
Probably a l s o t o Sai ghan and Kamard. A c ons i dr a bl e s t r e a m comes
down t h e gl en. ~t its mout h t h e r e a r e t wo ne a t little wal l ed ham-
lets, wi t h 10 f ami l i es, and a f e w a p r i c o t s and wi l l ows. (Maitland.)
*CHATUR or CHOTUR J*
35-19 70-12 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e Nur i st an r i ve r , 4 m i l e s s o u t h we s t
of Gadwal.
CHAUKI Or CHAW KAI &
34-42 70-55 m. Chauki is a wol eswal i i n Nangar har pr ovi nce. ~h~
wol eswal i c ompr i s e s an a r e a of 249 s q u a r e ki l omet er s and has an
a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on t h a t ha s be e n e s t i ma t e d a t about 8,900. The
wol eswal i is bounded i n t h e w e s t by Chapa Dara and Nur Gul , in t he
s o u t h e a s t by Khas Konar and i n t h e e a s t by Si rkanay, and i n t he
nor t h by Narang, Chapa dar a, and Pech. Chauki ha s about 31 vil-
l a ge s , 5 of whi ch have more t ha n 500 i nha bi t a nt s . The vi l l ages are
l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows : Shal ut i , Kalmani, Gat o Qala, Khadi
Khel (Khan Khel ), Babur, Kandal (Kanawar), Masud Chawki , Garbuz-i-
Chaw ki , Tarna w, Gari gal , C hambel (Jamil), Karboli (Karbola), Plar
Darah, Khadah, Qala, Kagzai (Kagi zai ), Badi nzai , Sulaimanzai, Paho-
s a r i (Pahlu wa Sar i ) , Andar Lachak, Murcha Khel, Bad Gol, Safedar,
Chal as Kalani, Nori Chal ash, Sh i r g u l Chal as, A mr i (Amrawi), Gombal,
Nassaf a (Nasapa), Islam Khana, and Kundi. (LWA) In 1914, t h e area
was de s c r i be d a s f ol l ows: A t 34 1/2 m i l e s from Jal al abad t h e road up
t h e Kunar val l ey p a s s e s t h r o u g h c o r n f i e l d s a c r o s s t h e Chauki basin
(3/4 m i l e f r om h i l l s t o r i v e r ) . Th e l a r g e s t Ch a u k i vi l l a ge is
s i t ua t e d a t t h e mout h of t h e Chauki Dara, 1/2 m i l e from t h e road at
t h e f o o t of t h e hi l l s . The r e are s e ve r a l o t h e r vi l l ages near t he
road. The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Saf i s. Oppos i t e and a bout 4 miles below
Chauki , be t we e n t h e r i ve r and t h e Kabul Ts appar r ange, t h e r e is a
cur i ous , coni cal , i s ol a t e d h i l l r i s i ng some h u n d r e d s of f e e t out of
t h e f i e l ds . The vi l l ages on t h e downst r eam s i d e of t h i s hi l l are
a ppa r e nt l y cal l ed Kunar, and t h o s e on t h e ups t r eam s i d e Tanna (Cold-
st r eam. )
CHAUNI &
33-52 69-9 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d n o r t h we s t of Gar dez, about 5 miles
e a s t of t h e Gardez-Kabul r oad.
CHAUSH
A s e c t i on of t he Dai Kundis.
*CHAWAK JH
34-5 67-32 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d e a s t of Kushk, near t h e Garmab
r i ve r .
CHECHENEH (CHICHINA?) *
34-36 69-50. A vi l l age i n t h e Laghman d i s t r i c t , a t t h e confl uence
of t h e Panj s hi r and Kabul r i ve r s . (Thorton. )
CHEHIL BACHA GUM
("%) s 4.e
33-30 68-24 G. A pl ace of pi l gr i mage i n t h e Ghazni di s t r i c t , 6
m i l e s s o u t h we s t of t h e t own of Ghazni , on t h e Kandahar road. (Tho=-
t on. ) Afghan Ga z e t t e e r s show t he name Bachagan. (LWA)
(3HEHIL BURJ c!k
34-55 66-37 m. The remai ns of a f o r t r e s s i n t h e and-i-Amir valley,
in t h e west of t h e Yak Walang d i s t r i c t . The f o r t r e s s originally
c o n s i s t e d of t h r e e l i n e s of w a l l s r unni ng compl et el y round t h e semi-
i s ol a t e d hi l l on whi ch it s t a nds . The wal l s a r e f l a nke d by loop-
hol ed t o we r s a t ver y s h o r t i nt er val s .
The s e towers a r e of consi der-
abl e di amet er , t h o u g h not ver y h i g h , and many of t hem ar e still
near l y p e r f e c t . Thi s is par t i cul ar l y t h e c a s e a t t h e e a s t end of
t h e f o r t r e s s whe r e t h e t owe r s and c ur t a i n w d of t h e s econd l i ne of
d e f e n c e are bot h in r emar kabl y good pr es er vat i on. ~a i t La nd est i -
mated t h e h e i g h t of t h e l a t t e r a t 50 or 60 f e e t . The whol e i s of
unbur nt br i ck. The l oophol e s are of not i ceabl e s ha pe , having t hr ee
t r i angul ar ope ni ngs above t h e l ong slit. The wal l s were bui l t on a
f oundat i on of r ounded s t o n e s , set i n mud or mort ar. The r i ve r is i n
a d e e p broad channel , on t h e f u r t h e r s i d e of whi ch s t e e p r e d d i s h
hi l l s rise t o a g r e a t h e i g h t . (Maitland.)
CHEHIL DUKHTARAN "I+& J,+
35-10 68-47 G. Two fiiles s o u t h of t h e Chahar dar p a s s a r e t h e
s p r i n g s of Che hi l Dukht ar an. Here t h e r e is s p a c e on l e v e l o p e n
f l a t s i n t e r r a c e s f o r a t l e a s t a bat t al i on. Water good and abun-
dant. Fi r ewood obt ai nabl e a little way down r avi ne ( b u s h e s and
scr ub) . Suppl i e s pr ocur abl e from Deh Tangi vi l l a ge s (and o t h e r s
l ower down) , d i s t a n t 4 m i l e s . (Drummond.)
CHEHIL DUKHTARAN dl+ J*
34-23 69-7 m. A l a r g e vi l l age, 2 miles s o u t h of Charasi a. With t h e
vi l l ages i n its vi ci ni t y it f or ms one of t h e s ubdi vi s i ons of t h e
Kabul d i s t r i c t . I n h a b i t a n t s : Ba r a kz a i s , Ta j i k s , a nd Umar Khe l
Ghi l zai s . (I.B.C.)
CHEHIL MAT1
34- 70-. A vi l l age i n t h e Laghman d i s t r i c t , omi t t ed from all maps,
but probabl y i de nt i c a l wi t h l e e c h ' s Chehl mat i , s ai d by t h a t a ut hor i -
t y t o be in t h e val l ey of t h e Alingar, 46 m i l e s n o r t h we s t of Jalal-
abad, and t o c o n s i s t of 70 h o u s e s of Taj i ks. Leech s a ys it is "on a
road t o Kashkar." Warburton, wi t hout de f i ni ng its ge ogr a phi c a l
posi t i on, g i v e s t h e f ol l owi ng pa r t i c ul a r s r e ga r di ng t h e pl ace. The
i nhabi t ant s a r e Taj i ks, Shamsher Khan Khel, and Mahmud Khel. The
following ar e t h e hamlets which make up t h e t ownshi p:
Deh- i-Mahf uz
Miangan
Kala-i-Rahirndad
Kala-i-Abdullah
Kala- i-Ba z Muhamnad
Kala-i-Mir Sarak
Kala-i-Malik Nur
Kabi 1-i-Muhamnad Khel
Deh- i-Baghlak
10. Kala- i-Langar Khan
11. Kal a-i -Pi r Muhma d
12. Kala-i-Shao Khan
13. Kala-i-Khal Muhammad
14. Kala-i-Sar f i Khan
15. Deh-i -Fat hul l ah
16. Banda-i-Mulla Sal eh
17. Band-i-Sadullah
(Leech, Warburton.)
*CHEHILSUTUN
* L k
34-27 69-10 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d some 8 m i l e s s o u t h of Kabul, and
e a s t of Dehdana.
CHEH I LTAN
i;k
34-31 69-0 G. A vi l l age about 6 miles west of Kabul, s i t ua t e d on
t h e Chamchamast st r eam t o t h e nor t h of t h e Chonghor hi l l . The
i nhabi t ant s a r e Ki zi l bashes (of t h e Arab s e c t i on) , ~ a j i k s and Gadi
Hazaras. The r e a r e about 15 hous e s i n t h e vi l l age i t s e l f , b u t t h e
name Chehi l t an i nc l ude s 11 f o r t s and haml et s. The r e is a s h r i n e
her e on t h e hi l l s i de , t h a t of ~ h w a j a Musafir, and t h e pl a c e is
ot he r wi s e well-known f o r its a p p l e or c ha r ds . When t h e a p p l e s a r e
r i pe, ' crowds of pe opl e f l oc k h e r e from t h e c i t y and make hol i day.
C Ot her pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name a r e l oc a t e d a t 34-44 67-37 m.
and 35-18 68-5 G. ( LWA)
*CHEMAR KHOLEH 3r ~k
35-8 69-3 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Ghor band,
northwest of C har i kar .
J*
CHERGO See CHARGO
CHERKH See CHARKH
CHETAK o r CHIRTAK +
35-5 69-12. A dar a whi ch d e s c e n d s nor t h and j oi ns t h e Ghorband
val l ey a t about 3 miles above Tutam Dara. I t is i nhabi t ed by Salang
Parsi wans, who unt i l l at el y r obbed all t r a ve l l e r s by t h i s road. ~t
is a narrow, r ocky ravi ne, and a f o o t p a t h , d i f f i c u l t f o r l aden yabus
or bul l ocks , l e a d s up it and a c r o s s a kot al a t its head t o Charikar,
s t r i ki ng t h e Koh Daman a t t h e vi l l age o f Opian. (Peacocke. )
CHIGAR SARAI See CHIGHA SARAI u\/- +
CHIGHA SARAI Or ASADABAD 31,- &
34-53 71-9 m. Elev. 2,800 f e e t . Thr ee vi l l ages on t h e r i g h t bank
of t h e Kunar r i ver , a t t h e j unct i on wi t h t h e l a t t e r of t h e Pech
Dara. The l a r g e s t of t h e vi l l ages lies on t h e l e f t bank of t he
Pech, 57 m i l e s from Jalalabad. Ther e a r e t h r e e old f o r t s , one on
t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Pech and t wo on t h e l e f t bank, about 1/4 mile
from t h e vi l l age; t h e t wo l a s t ment i oned a r e (1895) i n rui ns. The
i nhabi t ant s a r e Shi nwari s.
From Chi gha Sarai a road l e a d s up t h e Pech dar a and f or ms t h e chi ef
ent r ance of t h e Waigul val l ey of Nuristan. The Pech Dara is cros-
s e d , about 3/4 m i l e above t h e vi l l age, by a b r i d g e over which goes
t h e Jalalabad-Asmar road. The road way is onl y about 6 f e e t wide,
t h e r e are no r ai l i ngs and t h e c e n t r e por t i on sways considerably.
The pi ers are of dr y st one masonry bonded with wood. Horses, mules
and camel s can be l ed over it. The Pech is a ver y r api d stream and
is h e r e unf or dabl e in t h e h o t weat her , from Apri l onwards. The
br i dge de s c r i be d above is sai d t o remain s t andi ng al l year round,
and in t h e col d weat her t h e r e is al s o a f oot - br i dge, wi t h a roadway
about 10 i n c h e s wi de, about 3/4 m i l e l ower down. A bat t al i on of
i nf ant r y and 300 khas adar s a r e s t at i oned a t Chi gha Sarai (Cold-
st r eeam, I.B.C.) For a r e c e n t d e s c r i p t i o n of t h i s area, s e e Asad-
abad. ( LWA)
CH I KNAK
A br i dge over t he Arghandab.
*CHINA e
34-1 68-20 m. A vi l l age s out h of Mirzabele in Maidan province.
Ot her vi l l ages wi t h t h i s name a r e l ocat ed s out h of Jalalabad on t he
road t o Chapr i ar , a t 34-19 70-24 m.; s o u t h of Zardalu, on t h e edge
of t h e Sagi Dasht , a t 33-5 67-40 m.; on t h e Tagab r i ver , nort h of
t h e Band-i-Nag hl u, a t 34-41 69-42 m.
*CH INAGAK ( # d. , ) &+
34-50 69-32 m.
A vi l l age in t h e Panj shi r val l ey, some miles west of
Tag ab .
CHINAKI
A v i l l a g e i n Panj s hi r .
*CH INAR
,b
34-37 70-27 G. A pl ace l ocat ed 13 miles nor t h west of Shi va in Kunar
provi nce. Ot her pl aces wi t h t h i s name a r e l ocat ed on t h e ~ i n d u
st r eam, a t r i but ar y of t h e Kunar, s o u t h e a s t of Asadabad, a t 34-51
71-14 m. Si xt een miles s o u t h e a s t of Basul i n Shi nwar provi nce, at
34-5 70-59 m. Near Darin, some 4 miles e a s t o f t h e Kunar river,
a t 35-6 71-25 m. Near Aodara, n o r t h e a s t o f Kabul, a t 34-43 69-19
m.
On t h e Wuzbin Khwar, whi ch r u n s i nt o t h e Kabul r i ve r n o r t h e a s t
of Sarobi, a t 34-41 69-49 m. So u t h we s t o f Shar t an, Asmar, a t 34-50
71-13 G. Sout h of Numla i n t h e Khugi ani d i s t r i c t , a t 34-11 70-5 G.
CHINAR
J b
34- 70-. A p a s s l e a di ng from t h e Parian gl e n
of Panj s hi r i nt o
Nuristan. (Leech. ) Probabl y t h e same a s Chamar. (LWA)
CHINARI
&lj
34-31 69-28 G. A gl e n i n t h e Kabul d i s t r i c t , r unni ng from s o u t h t o
nor t h bet ween Lataband and Khurd Kabul; its wa t e r s s uppl yi ng t h e
f i e l d s of But khak, and f al l i ng i nt o t h e Kabul r i ve r near t h e Pul-i-
Charki . (I.B.C.)
CHINARI
t & l j
34- 69-. A p a s s over a l ow r i d g e be t we e n Lataband and Khurd Kabul.
(Young. )
*CHI NGA I &
34-42 71-0 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on t h e Kunar r i ve r , about 5 m i l e s
south west of Narang .
CHINGAK d +
33-44 69-27 G. A vi l l age a t t h e s our c e of t h e Zurmat r i ver , con-
s i s t i ng of 40 h o u s e s of Ahmad Khel Jaj i s. ( Hast i ngs. )
*CHINO A
34-16 71-14 m. A vi l l age near t h e Kambu Khwar, some 1 5 m i l e s s out h-
s out hwe s t of Jal al abad.
CHIPRIHAR See CHAPRI AR J L ~ +
*CHI RG 4-t
33-59 69-38 m. A vi l l age on t h e Ruqyan Tuq, a bout 2 miles west of
Ruqyan .
*CHIRGAKAI S*
33-46 69-32 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Patan Tuy, 2
miles s out h of Ghundai .
dlct
CHIRTAK See CHETAK
CHOGA I J*
35-0 71-19 G. A vi l l age l oc a t e d about 7 miles s o u t h we s t of Asmar.
Another vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d about 12 m i l e s nor t h of
Kunar, a t 34-41 70-55 G.
CHOGAI J*
33- 68-. A vi l l age i n Kharwar, 80 h o u s e s of Andaris. ( Gr i esbach. )
CHOKANA
A s ect i on of t he ~ a u l a t p a i Besudi s.
CHOL ( &) A
35- 71-. A campi ng gr ound on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e ~ e c h , or Pre-
sun, r i ver , about 37 miles above Chi gha Sarai.
The r i ve r is c r o s s e d
here by a "goodw wooden br i dge .
No s u p p l i e s a r e t o be had h e r e
e x c e p t f u e l and gr azi ng. ( I . . . ) Ot her pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name a r e
l ocat ed a t 35-35 67-38 G. and 35-11 70-48 G.
CHOLI yl+t.
34-28 68-43 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e Maidan r i ve r , some 7 miles nort h-
w e s t o f ~ot a - i - As hr o.
CHOLOZA I &
A s e c t i o n o f t h e Ghi l zai s , wh o s e he a d- qua r t e r s a p p e a r t o be in t he
~ o g a r val l ey, be t we e n t h e vi l l a ge o f Baraki-Rajan and t h e Sojawan
pa s s . In wi nt e r t h e y g o to Lag hman wi t h t h e i r camel s f o r t h e graz-
i ng t h e r e . Lumsden s a y s t h e y a r e a s ubdi vi s i on o f t h e Ibrahim
Gh i l z a i s . (I.B.C.)
CHOLOZAI &
33- 68-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e u p p e r Logar val l ey ( s o u t h e r n di vi si on) ,
midway be t we e n Baraki-Rajan and Sojawan. I t h a s ni ne f o r t s inhab-
i t e d by Chol ozai Ghi l zai s.
Cl i f f o r d and Euan Smi t h s a y t h e i n h a b i t a n t s are Sulaiman Khel, but
t h e Chol ozai s , who a r e t h e sole r e s i d e n t s c a n n o t b e r e f e r r e d t o t ha t
di vi s i on of t h e Tr i be, and are mor e pr obabl y Ibrahi m Ghi l zai s, as
Lumsden s ays . (I.B.C.)
*CHONAR ~b
34-52 68-50 m. A vi l l a ge on a t r i b u t a r y o f t h e Ghor band r i ver , eas t
of t h e Kuh-i-Yak h dar a.
*CHONESH GHAR &P
35-7 71-12 m. A mount ai n l oc a t e d n o r t h o f Se ga l Khwar. The village
wi t h t h i s name is f u r t h e r s o u t h e a s t a t 35-5 71-13 m.
CHORA *H
A s u b s e c t i o n o f Dai kundi Hazaras. I t is s t a t e d by some t h a t t hey
are n o t Ur uzgani b u t Dai kundi .
CHORAGALI p a *
37- 70-. A p a s s o v e r t h e S u r k i D i w a l h i l l s c r o s s e d by a road
f or mi ng an a l t e r na t i ve t o t h e main r oad f r om ~ a s a w a l t o ~ l i Boghan.
Th e p a s s is e a s y f o r camel s and c oul d, wi t h little d i f f i c u l t y , be
made f i t f o r whe e l e d t r a f f i c . (I.B.C.)
CHOWKI See CHAUKI J*
CHUKARNAO
A vi l l a ge i n t h e Yak Walang s u b d i s t r i c t , c ont a i ni ng 20 houses.
(A.B.C.)
CHUKATU
More pr obabl y Chogha t u; a p a s s i n t h e h i l l s w e s t o f t h e Logar Val-
l e y be t we e n t h e Adam Khan p a s s and t h e ~ang- i - War dak de f i l e .
I t is
a t e e p on t h e e a s t e r n b u t e a s y on t h e we s t e r n s i de . (Harvey.)
CHULA KUR Or CHILLA KHOR
A t r i b e of Hazar as.
CHULI
A s e c t i o n of Besudi s.
*CHUM1 u*
34-25 67-52 m.
A vi l l a ge on t h e Helmand r i ve r , n o r t h we s t of ~ e h r u d -
CHUNDAK See CHANDAK
CHUNDUK
d+
34-43 70-9.
A vi l l a ge i n Laghman on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Al i s hang,
about 5 miles above t h e c o n f l u e n c e of t h a t r i v e r and t h e Al i ngar.
I t s t a n d s mid way be t we e n t h e vi l l a ge o f Al i shang and Ti gr i .
I nhabi -
t ant s : Dehgans. The vi l l a ge c o mp r i s e s t h r e e haml et s: Banda-i-
Faki r Muhammad, Banda-i-Mirza Sayyi d Muhammad, Kamdah. (Warburton.)
CHUNDUK See PARIAN d-.j
*CHUQA
33-12 67-42 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e Nawa-i-Barik, s o u t h of t h e Dasht -
*CHURA
*Me
33-56 67-35 m. A vi l l a ge on a s t r eam, s ome 4 m i l e s e a s t o f Gi r uqa-
l a .
*CHURKA
J*
34-3 68-0 m. A vi l l a ge s o u t h o f t h e Katar t o we r s and e a s t o f Godol .
-1 J
*DAB
35-6 71-21 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e Kunar r i ve r , s ome 6 m i l e s n o r t h o f
Asmar.
*DABA
*\ J
34-59 70-27 m. A vi l l a ge near Kolatan Dara, n o r t h - n o r t h e a s t o f
Al i ngar .
DABELI &a
34- 69-. Elev. 5, 600 f e e t . A p a s s i n t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t , on
t h e nor t he r n r oad f r om Jal al abad t o Sang Toda, 6 miles f r om Dargai ,
and e s t i ma t e d a t 5,600 f e e t hi gh. Th e r e a r e no vi l l a ge s i n t h e
nei g hbour hood, and t h e gr ound be t we e n Dar gai and Sang Toda o f f e r s
numerous d e f e n s i v e p o s i t i o n s t o a f o r c e o p p o s i n g an a dva nc e i n t h a t
di r ect i on. (Young .)
*DAB KALAI &da
35-13 71-17 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i b u t a r y of t h e Kunar r i ve r .
DABU ZA I &J
33-51 69-38 m. A vi l l a ge in t h e Kurram val l ey, a bout 6 miles s o u t h -
wes t of A l i Khel, on t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e Kurram r i ve r , and 1 1/2
miles d i s t a n t from it. The vi l l a ge lies in a wel l - cul t i vat ed val-
ley, surrounded and commanded on all s i de s , e x c e p t t h e west , by low,
bar e hi l l s . The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Ahmad Khel J a j i s , and can t u r n o u t
300 f i g h t i n g men. ( Col l et t . )
DAD dl d
33- 68-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Ghi l zai c ount r y, 30 miles s o u t h we s t of
Ghazni, cont ai ni ng t wo f o r t s and 200 hous e s , s i t u a t e d i n a f e r t i l e
and wel l - popul at ed d i s t r i c t be l ongi ng t o t h e Sulaiman Khel ~ h i l z a i s .
Water is pr ocur abl e from s p r i n g s . (Davies.)
33-48 69-40 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e Kuram r i ve r ( Pat an Tuy), a bout 10
miles west of Cham kani.
DADA KHEL &d J \ J
35-20 69-32. A vi l l a ge in t h e u p p e r Panj s hi r gl e n, 2 miles above
Bazarak, on t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e s t r eam, c ont a i ni ng 30 h o u s e s o f
Tajik s. ( Shad zada Taimus.)
*DADIKHEL &J\ J
34-7 69-44 m. A vi l l a ge l o c a t e d on a t r i b u t a r y o f t h e Azro river,
s out heas t of Azro and west of t h e Spi n Ghar range.
DADO KHEL &- ,J\J
34-5 69-6 m. A vi l l a ge i n t h e n o r t h e r n por t i on o f t h e uppe r Logar
val l ey, 2 m i l e s d u e e a s t o f Pur akh. I t c o n s i s t s of t wo haml et s with
a popul a t i on i n 1880, of 100 f ami l i es. The i n h a b i t a n t s a r e Ahmadzai
Ghi l zai s. ( Cl i f f or d, Euon Smith. ) Ot he r p l a c e s wi t h t h i s name are
l o c a t e d s o u t h - s o u t h we s t o f Miran, a t 34-9 68-15 m.; 3 miles north
of Mota Khan, a t 33-14 68-52 m.; e a s t of t h e Ghazni-Kandahar road,
a t 33-7 68-4 m.; and s o u t h e a s t of Dila, a t 32-27 68-6 m. ( LWA)
DAHANA DRANG &,J 610,
33- 68-. A p a s s l e a di ng f r om Kharwar t o Zurmat. I t is formed by a
r a t h e r wi de val l ey, or r a t h e r a l ow wa t e r s h e d , di vi di ng t wo wide
val l eys . The val l ey of t h e Kharwar s i d e is an o p e n d a s h t , formed by
an e x t e n s i v e f a n s l o p i n g down t o Panj pai . Th e a s c e n t is scar cel y
not i c e a bl e and t h e r oad is good. Th e wa t e r s h e d is mar ked by t wo or
t h r e e willow trees, and t h e ol d doubl e z i a r a t o f Bai Badshah and
Kh waja Buk Shah-i-Wali. From t h e r e t h e r oad f o l l o ws a st r eam which
dr a i ns t h e s o u t h e a s t e r n s i d e o f t h e h i l l s d i v i d i n g Kharwar from
Zurmat. The r o u t e is near l y s t r a i g h t and t h e undul a t i ng ar ea of t he
wa t e r s he d commands a f u l l vi ew o f t h e e n t i r e d i s t a n c e down t o t he
much l owe r pl ai n of Zurmat and its s c a t t e r e d vi l l ages . Ther e is a
little wat er i n t h e Dahana Drang st r eam. ( Gr i esbach. )
DAHANA GAI J & b ~
34- 69-. A pl a c e on t h e Jal dabad- Kabul r oad, be t we e n Seh Baba
and t h e t o p of t h e Lat aband. Th e r e a r e some c a v e s and a c ha uki of 2
o r 3 s owa r s . Th e r e is a l s o a s p r i n g whi c h s u p p l i e d s u f f i c i e n t water
t o g i v e Gener al Gough' s b r i g a d e a d r i n k a l l r ound i n 1879, but t he
we a t he r was c ol d and n e i t h e r men nor h o r s e s were t h i r s t y . (A.B.C.)
'DAHANA-I-ASHEQ s u b J
34-47 68-35 m. A vi l l a ge near As heq on t h e Dara-i-Turkoman.
*DAHANA-I-BARIK && L ; ~ J
34-40 68-40 m. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Gumbad a r e a on t h e Shila-i-Parsa.
DAHAN-I-BARKAR ># & A
A f or d over t h e Helmand i n t h e Ha z a r a j a t . ( Pe a r t . )
*DAWN-I-BOTIAN "b,! O ~ J
34-55 68-22 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e Ghor band, be t we e n She ba r and Shaikh
A l i .
++ " b J
*DAHAN-I-GHORBAND
34-55 68-16 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e Ghor band r i v e r be t we e n Shebar and
Daha-i-Botian.
DAHAN- I -GULI $ ObJ
34-51 66-42. A l a r g e wa t e r c our s e , f or med by t h e uni t e d nalas Of
Suchak and Sabz Dara, whi c h i s s u e s t h r o u g h a g o r g e and j oi ns the
Band-i-Amir r i ve r a t about 17 miles a bove Marghi i n t h e Yak Walang
d i s t r i c t . On t h i s s t r eam a r e t h e Kiligan haml et s , cont ai ni ng about
30 f ami l i es o f Ki r i gu ham-i-~ba Hazaras. Th e r e is a small f o r t on
t h e l e f t bank, and a number o f c a v e s us e d f o r s t o r i n g grass, corn#
etc-, and a s hous e s . (Maitland.)
DAHAN-I-JALMISH Se e JALMISH CiL
DAHAN- I -KANAK
( d6) & " b d
34-43 66-52 A. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Yak Walang d i s t r i c t , s i t u a t e d i n t h e
Kanak gl e n and c ont a i ni ng 20 f ami l i es o f Takanas. (Maitland. )
DAHAN-I-KHUSHNAO +A+ " b d
A vi l l age, c ont a i ni ng a bout 20 f ami l i es of Dai Zangi Hazar as, on t h e
main Daulat Y ar-Kabul r oad.
DAHAN-I-KOL & " b d
34- 66-. The we s t e r n d e f i l e i n t o t h e Ghi zao val l ey, t h r o u g h whi c h
r uns t h e Helmand t o t h e s o u t h . ( Br er et on. )
DAHAN- I -MARGH I See MARGH I
2~ & A
DAHAN-I-SHOR ,+ & a
A vi l l age i n t h e Dai Zangi d i s t r i c t of Lal. Th e r e is a pl a c e wi t h
t h i s name a t 34-36 66-31 G., and a wa t e r c our s e a t 34-27 66-11 G.
( LWA
L L j " b d
DAHAN-I-TARNAK
34- 66-. A wi de and s t o n y gl e n, wi t h a ve r y br oad mar s hy mout h i n
t h e n o r t h we s t of t h e Yak Walang d i s t r i c t . I t d r a i n s n o r t h e a s t wa r d s
t o t h e Rudi-i-Band-i-Amir, and is c r o s s e d by t h e r oad down t h e Yak
Walang val l ey a t a bout 8 m i l e s s o u t h e a s t o f t h e Sabz Dara. I n t h e
mi ddl e of it is a haml et of 20 hous e s ; and down t h e g l e n t o t h e
r i ght , s e v e r a l h o u s e s a r e s e e n i n t h e main val l ey. Up t h e gl e n, a t
t h e e d g e o f c ul t i va t e d pl at eau, on t h e l e f t hand is t h e vi l l a ge of
Sar-i-Das h t , 20 hous e s . (Maitland .)
DAHAN- I-ZALI KAN See ZALIKAN
&, " b d
DAHLA See POLADA
d b d
DAHLA
L L A
33- 67-. A t t h e head of t h e Mahshan val l ey, wh e r e t h e Ar ghandab
rises.
DAIAK Or DEHYAK
4\ d
35-17 69-12 m. A vi l l a ge of 30 h o u s e s i n t h e Sal ang Dara, a bout 18
1/4 miles above Parwan (I.B.C.).
DAI CHOPAN
One of t he o r i g i n a l main d i v i s i o n s of t h e Hazar as.
DAI KALAN
A s e c t i on of t h e Shekh A l i Hazar as. (q. v. )
DAI KUNDI
35-57 67-33 A. A d i s t r i c t of Ha z a r a j a t .
*DAI MIRDAD d l + p J' a
34-13 68-18. Dai Mirdad is an a l a qa da r i i n Wardak ( or aida an) pr ov-
ince. The al aqadar i c ompr i s e s an a r e a o f 1, 357 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s and
has an a gr i c ul t ur a l popul a t i on t h a t h a s be e n e s t i ma t e d a t f r om 4, 140
t o 7,069. The a l a qa da r i is bounded i n t h e west and s o u t h by Nawar
and Markaze Be hs ud, i n t h e n o r t h by Behs ud 2, i n t h e e a s t by Jal r i z,
Ner kh, and Chak-i-Wardak. Dai Mirdad i nc l ude s 143 vi l l ages two of
whi ch have more t ha n 500 i nhabi t ant s . The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d i n t he
PG a s f ol l ows: Anka, Sado Khel, Nazuk Khel, Changa-i-Ulya, Dalan,
Miran (Maydan J e l ga ) , Bak hs ha k, Hajka (Kajika), Badol, Moka (Moka
Jel ga) , Shah Kadam, Karinga, Kunj, Fol adi , Mohd. Khel, Ahmad Khel,
Paye-i-Bulaq, K h umari, A l i Jan K hel , Ras hi d, Or ma l ( Ar mi r ) , Ibrahim-
zai (Maryamzai), Dado Khel, Sa f e d Dewar, Qol-i-Zangi, Kodi (Kadi),
Ozbaki, Kushqol , Bar khanj oye ( Bar khanj o) , Sang-i-Shanda ( ~ar ya- i -
Sang Shanda) , Nahurj oye, Panj Qes hl aq, Sar khant o, Mohd. Yar Khel,
Lalandar, Kadgak, Shah Mansur, Las hkar i , Pi r ah, Chat u, Dawrani,
Karez, Guli, Shar Tog hi ( She r Tog hi ) , Fe k r ( Pekar ) , Bahak, Garm ~ b ,
Kota-i-K hayat , Kota-i-Sayed Al i , Kota-i-Darak, Si ah Khawal, Bodak,
Dawlat Sha (Dawlat Sha h) , Gi dar go, Kota-i-Faiz, Qarya-i-Sadat, Tangi
Sai dan (Tangi Sadat ) , Sa f e d Qadah, Dasht-i-Nau, Baghal ak, Nakhshin
( Na q c h i n ) , Qa r q a t , Kot a-i -Asha, Dam Qa r q , S u r Si n g (Qarya-i-Sur
Si ng) , K har Khel, Qutun-i-Ulya, Qutun-i-Suf la, Saya C hagar , Kotal-i-
Su f l a , Kot al -i -Ul ya, Ba dr a gha , Das ht - i - Qader , Sh a h Yar, Qala-i-
Mulayem, Chak Khor-i-Sufla, Gard Bed, Bulagh-i-Husaini, Bari Qol,
J o r Sang ( J os s a Sang) , Jaw Qol, Kota-i-Jaw Qol, Zardak, Surkhi,
Ulyata k, Qol Dada (Qol Dadi) , Qol-i-Mug hul , Sar Jangal , Qol-i-Rah,
Kot a-i -Sul ai man Sh a h , Qol-i-N e ma t , Sar-i-Qol, Takht , Nari (Bari),
Bek h-i-Koh, Sha di Murdah, Kota-i-Sar-i-Sang (Kota-i-Jang), Sang Pul
( Sang- i - Pul ) , Fak h r a h , Fak h c h a Qala ( Pak h c h a Qala), Qarya-i-Tara
(Tarah), Sokht a , Kota Khari da, Gardan Hesar , Daraz Samuch, Qol-i-
Wali, Qol-i-Banu, Dahan Er akank, Kota-i-Juma, Shaban, Sar Qash, Yak
Roya, Qol-i-Banu-i-Ulya wa Suf l a, Kutub Khel, Or ma l Kutub, Hakim
Khel, Ocha Nahorj oye, Cha r de wal, Par Qala, Karez-i-Folad, Dewal,
Qash-i-Sayedan, Tangi D e war, Qarya-i-Jar, G haj or ak, Kadol, Qol-i-
Ghol i , Chaka Khor-i-Ulya, Kota-i-Ali Mohd., Saf e d Nawah, Garm Ab-i-
Ulya, Garm Ab-i -Sufl a, Kot a-i -Dagak, Gi da r go- i - Suf l a , ~ a r q a t - i -
Suf l a , Sel -i -Dast am Ni l - i - Rust am, Ab Par anak, Sha hi Khel, Seyah
Chaghar-i-Ulya, Toyaka, Kulakh, Changa-i-Sufla, Sul t an Khel, Haza-
r ah, Kota-i-Nazar A l i , Qurdun-i-Naser, Qol-i-Afghan Gul , Band Qol,
Pesh Tolak, and Seyahkak.
DAI ZANGI
A d i s t r i c t of Hazar aj at .
*DAKAR1 dJ
34-57 69-7 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d some 6 miles s o u t h we s t of Charikar
and w e s t of t h e road t o Kabul.
DAKKA (LOE)
J J 4
34-13 71-3 m. El e va t i on 1, 300 f e e t . A v i l l a g e i n t h e ~a l a l a ba d
d i s t r i c t , 12 1/2 m i l e s from Landi Kotal, on t h e r oad t o Kabul. It
s t a n d s on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Kabul r i ve r , i n a cup- shaped basin
e nc l os e d on t h e west, s out h and e a s t by hi l l s , and on nor t h by t he
r i ver .
The r e is, however , a ga p bet ween t h e r i ve r and t h e hi l l s on
t h e Sout h, and t h r o u g h t h i s ga p comes t h e r oad from t h e ~ha i ba r
Pass, t h e d i s t a n c e from t h e we s t e r n e x i t o f t h e l a t t e r bei ng about 3
miles.
The vi l l age c ont a i ns about 120 f ami l i es of Mohmads and shinwaris;
head man (1904) Mir A l i Mohmand. The i nha bi t a nt s p o s s e s s some 30
head of c a t t l e and 700 s h e e p end goat s . he annual pr oduct i on of
wheat and bar l ey a ve r a ge s about 5,000 I ndi an maunds. Land-tar
a s s e s s e d a t t h e r a t e of 2 maunds i n c a s h, and 20 maunds i n kind, Per
l ari b. A f o r c e of 200 kha s a da r s , armed wi t h ~ e e - Me t f o r d r i f l es ,
s t a t i one d he r e , unde r a Sar hang. In wi nt er Usmanzai ~ u c h i s , with 350
camel9 and Lal pura Ghi l zai s wi t h a bout 250 camel s settle i n t he
ne ighbourhood .
The val l ey a t Dakka is a bout 1 m i l e a c r o s s , t h e h i l l s on t h e l e f t
bank comi ng c l o s e down t o t h e r i v e r ' s e d g e . Th e r i v e r r u n s i n s e v-
er al c ha nne l s s e p a r a t e d by l ow- l yi ng i s l a nds : its be d is, a l t oge -
t h e r , a bout 400 y a r d s wi de. Th e main c h a n n e l was f ound i n J u n e 1904
t o r un unde r t h e r i g h t bank, h e r e a bout 30 f e e t h i g h . In t h e c ol d
weat her a b r i d g e o f b o a t s is k e p t u p b e t we n Dakka and Lal pur a; it
c o n s i s t s o f 16 b o a t s wi t h a pl ank r oadway 12 f e e t wi de; it is
gener al l y e i t h e r wa s he d away, o r di s ma nt l e d, when t h e me l t i ng s n o ws
caus e t h e r i v e r t o rise i n t h e s p r i n g .
A mud-walled s e r a i was b u i l t i n 1905, ne a r l y o p p o s i t e t h e s o u t h e r n
end of t h e b r i d g e ; it is c ompl e t e l y commanded a t s h o r t r a nge .
One m i l e t o t h e w e s t o f t h e vi l l a ge s t a n d s an ol d f o r t , b u i l t i n
1876 by Ami r S h e r A l i b u t now ( 1905) i n r u i n s and unoc c upi e d. The
f o r t is r e c t a ngul a r , a bout 400 y a r d s by 500, wi t h w a l l s 1 5 f e e t
h i g h . I t h a s a c i r c u l a r b a s t i o n a t e a c h c o r n e r a n d t h r e e s e m i -
c i r c u l a r b a s t i o n s o n e a c h f a c e . T h e r e a r e s e v e r a l w e l l s i n t h e
i nt er i or . I t s t a n d s c l o s e t o t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e r i v e r and on t h e
o p p o s i t e bank, a t a d i s t a n c e o f 1, 300 y a r d s f r om t h e n o r t h e a s t
c or ne r of t h e f o r t , is t h e t own o f Lal pur a. The i n t e r i o r o f t h e f o r t
is compl et el y commanded by t h e l ow s p u r s o f t h e h i l l s t o t h e nor t h-
west and s out hwe s t within 400 yards.
The f or t was occupi ed by us dur i ng t h e second Afghan war t h e normal
gar r i s on bei ng 2 guns , 1 company Br i t i s h I nf a nt r y, 1 s q u a d r o n ,
Native Caval ry, aand 1 bat t al i on, Nat i ve I nf a nt r y. The pl a c e pr ove d
most unhe a l t hy t o our t r o o p s , pneumoni a be i ng t h e mos t f a t a l d i s -
ease. No oposi t i on was of f e r e d t o our occupat i on of t h e pl ace whi ch
is of some i mpor t a nc e owi ng t o its p o s i t i o n o p p o s i t e Lal pur a and t o
its bei ng a t t h e j unc t i on o f s e v e r a l r o u t e s f r om t h e Pe s ha wa r val-
l ey. The wal l ed e n c l o s u r e whi c h us e d t o e x i s t on t h e s o u t h e r n s i d e
of t h e f o r t and was us e d by u s d u r i n g t h e war a s a commi s s ar i at ya r d
has now e n t i r e l y di sappear ed.
Camping gr ound f o r a f o r c e of any s i z e is t o b e f ound t o t h e w e s t o f
t h e f or t . The r e is an unl i mi t ed s u p p l y o f good d r i n k i n g wa t e r f r om
t h e r i ver and a t Bagh, a l s o t h e r e is a v e r y l a r g e s u p p l y o f wat er
which could easi l y be l ed down t owar ds Dakka. Suppl i es (about 1,000
maunds of ungr ound gr a i n and f o d d e r f o r 10, 000 ani mal s f o r o n e day)
a r e obt a i na bl e .
The gr ound i n t h e vi c i ni t y is c ove r e d wi t h an e f f e r v e s c e n c e o f s o d a
f o r some d i s t a n c e from t h e r i ve r , and is i n c o n s e q u e n c e ve r y damp.
Ther e is good gr a z i ng gr ound f o r camel s and t r a n s p o r t ani mal s. Fuel
is pr ocur abl e.
A l l t r a ve l l e r s ha ve t o obt ai n r a h d a r i s , o r p a s s p o r t s , and pay c us -
toms d u e s he r e . ( J ohns t on, Malleson, Wanl i ss, I.B.C.)
DAKKA &J
34-43 69-6 A. El evat i on 3, 800 f e e t . A vi l l a ge i n t h e Koh Daman
d i s t r i c t , s i t u a t e d 3 1/2 m i l e s s o u t h of Baba Kush K a r a t a m i l e ' s
di s t a nc e form t h e l e f t bank of t h e Sha ka r Dara stream.
The pl a c e is
s a i d t o c o n t a i n 200 h o u s e s . I n h a b i t a n t s : Ta j i k s . ( ~ i n l o c k,
1.B.C.)
*DAKUI &
34-43 69-5 m. A vi l l a ge n o r t h of Kabul, a bout hal f way t o I s t a l e f .
*DALA I
33-9 69-23 m. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Sul t a nkhe l ar ea, e a s t of Zi ruk.
J'
DALAN &Y 1 J
32-40 67-37 G.
A vi l l a ge i n t h e ~ u k u r d i s t r i c t , 6 m i l e s from Ghoj an
( Aghao J a n) , a nd s o u t h of Gha z ni . I t is i n h a b i t e d by Ali Khel
~ h i l z a i s , and ha s s u p p l i e s of f or a ge . (Leech. ) Anot her pl ace with
t h i s name is l o c a t e d on t h e Dar a- i - Jel ga, s ome 5 miles e a s t of
Miran, a t 34-13 68-22 m. (LWA)
*DALASHI GYJ
35-4 69-38 m. A vi l l age on t h e u p p e r Tagab r i ver , nor t heas t of
~azar - i - Badakhs hi .
D ALN A &JJ
33- 68-. A vi l l age i n t h e Ghazni d i s t r i c t . 36 m i l e s s out hwe s t of
G hazni. (Thorton. )
DALTAMUR &J
A s m a l l Hazat ra t r i b e unconnect ed wi t h any o t h e r subdi vi si on, who
a ppe a r t o have come i n t o Af g hani s t an wi t h Timur Lang. (Peart.)
' DALWAZ I KALAI ~ c r u ' ~
34-37 69-39 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d whe r e t h e Kabul r i ver r uns into
t h e Naghlu Lake, a f e w m i l e s s o u t h of t h e c onf l ue nc e of t h e Panj-
s h i r .
*DAM
33-37 69-30 m. A vi l l age i n t h e Usmankhel ar ea, e a s t of Ghazni.
t J
*DAM1 d J
34-12 68-37 m. A vi l l age on a t r i but a r y of t h e Dara-i-Jelga, 2
m i l e s nor t h of Badqol.
DAMAN
("L!J) J J
34-21 67-45 m. A vi l l age i n t h e Rah Kol valley. ( See Rah Kol).
Anot her vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is on t h e Alingar r i ver , some 1 0
miles s o u t h we s t of Alingar. (LWA)
DAMRRD AH
4 J ~ ~ J
A s e c t i on of t h e Be s uds (q.v.) A s e c t i o n o f t h e ~ a g h u r i Hazaras
a l s o be a r s t h i s name. A pl a c e wi t h t h i s name, a l s o s pe l l e d Damurda,
is l ocat ed on a t r i but a r y of t h e Helmand r i ver , s o u t h e a s t of Khush-
qol , a t 34-9 67-22 m. (LWA)
DAM IN J
,+' J
34- 70-. A val l ey t o t h e w e s t of t h e Dara-i-Nur, a t r i but ar y of t he
Kunar r i ver . I t is i nhabi t ed by Sa f i s and c ont a i ns r a t h e r more than
150 fami l i es. (Masson.)
&! J
DANA
34-27 69-8 m.
Deh-i-Dana is a vi l l age i n t h e Cha r de h valley, On t he
l ef t bank of t h e Kabul r i ver , be t we e n Thi ba and I ndaki . ~nhabi -
t a nt s : Taj i ks, Khwajas and Ki zi l bashes. The r e a r e t e n f o r t s in-
c l ude d i n t h e vi l l age, and t h e whol e popul at i on numbers 300 fami-
lies. The f o r t s a r e a s f ol l ows:
1. Kala-i-G hul am S i d i k ( Ta j i k)
2. Kala-i-Mirza Muhamnad ( Ta j i k)
3. Kala-i-Samand ( Ta j i k)
4. Kal a-i -Barat ( Taj i k)
5. Kala-i-Khwaja Khan ( Ta j i k)
6. Kala-i-Mulla Yuauf A l i ( Ki zi l bas h)
7. Kala-i-Khwaja Ahmad ( Ta j i k)
8. Kala-i-Nasir Gul Muhamnad ( ~ i z i l b a s h )
9. Kala-i-Asia - i - But at ( Ta j i k)
10. Kala-i-Mirza J a f a r ( Ki zi l bas h) (I.B.C.)
Anot her pl ace wi t h t h i s name is s out h of Bazar-i-Yakowlang, a t 34-28
66-56 m. (LWA)
D AND
& J
32-37 67-49 m. A Sulaiman Khel Ghi l zai vi l l age, c ons i s t i ng of 30
hous es and a f o r t on t h e main Dera I smai l Khan-Ghazni road. It lies
238 miles from Dera Ismai l Khan and 51 m i l e s s o u t h of Ghazni . I t
has some 150 a c r e s of cul t i vat i on, b u t t h e r e is no wat er t o be had
near er t ha n Di hsai , 4 m i l e s n o r t h e a s t or Nani, 4 miles s o u t h we s t .
Camel gr azi ng is pr ocur abl e, (I.B.C.)
DAND
& J
32-57 68-23 G. A vi l l a ge 30 m i l e s s o u t h of Ghazni , on t h e r oad t o
t h e G u ma l pa s s , i nha bi t e d by Sulaiman Khel Ghi l zai s, i n a f e r t i l e
and wel l - popul at ed d i s t r i c t . Water from s p r i n g s . (Leech. )
*DANDA
d&J
33-48 69-56 m. A vi l l age on t h e Kuram r i ver , about 8 m i l e s e a s t of
Chamkani .
*DANDAB J& 2
34-4 67-42 m. A vi l l age nor t h west of t h e Kuh-i-Mir and s o u t h e a s t of
t h e Garmab r i ver .
DANDAK L!&J
33-6 68-50 m. A vi l l age i n t h e Zurmat d i s t r i c t , near Patanai, on
t h e d i r e c t road from Ghazni t o Dawar. I t s t a n d s i n l ow, r ol l i ng
hi l l s. (MacLean.) Ot her pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name a r e l oc a t e d a t 33-
52 68-37 G. and 33-20 68-53 G.
DANDAN " \ &J
33- 68-. A kot a l a t t h e head of t h e nor t he a s t e r n p a r t of t h e
Kharwar valley. A t r a c k a s c e n d s t h e Kawaja Angur val l ey t o t h e
small vi l l age of Dandan, and t h e n up a narrow r avi ne t o t h e kot a l a t
an easy gr adi ent . The d e s c e n t i nt o t h e Altimur val l ey from t h e t o p
of t h e p a s s is r o c k y a nd d i f f i c u l t , b u t p a s s a b l e f o r h o r s e s .
(Gr i esbach. )
DANDAN SHI KAN & J & J
35-16 67-37 A. A p a s s over t h e Kajkamar, or Kamarzard hi l l s a t t h e
head of t h e Dara-i-Yusuf i n Af ghan Tur ki st an. ( See Volume 4.) I t
is c r os s e d by t h e road from Maidan-i-Pai Kotal t o Mazar-i-Sharif.
The road over t h e p a s s is ver y s t e e p , s o much s o a s t o be d i f f i c u l t
even f or yabus, but t h e r e would be no d i f f i c u l t y i n making a gr a de d
road down t h e ope n s l o p e s on e i t h e r s i d e of t h e s u mmi t , t h e s o i l
being eart h mixed with l oose st ones. A t t h e s u mmi t t h e road c r os s e s
t h e boundary bet ween t h e pr ovi nces of Kabul and Af ghan Tur ki st an.
(1.B.C.)
DANDU R ~ A J
34-32 70-16. A vi l l age in Laghman, on t h e l e f t bank of t h e ~ l i n g a r
ri ver, and about 3 m i l e s above its j unct i on wi t h t h e Kabul. I t is
about 2 m i l e s w e s t of Char bagh. (Warburton.)
*DAND-WA-PATAN &, &J
33-49 69-55. Dand-wa-Patan is an al aqadar i i n ~ a k t i a pr ovi nce. The
al aqadarei c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 163 s qua r e ki l omet er s and ha s an
agr i cul t ur al popul at i on t h a t ha s been es t i mat ed a t from 2,040 t o
7,097. The al aqadar i is bounded i n t h e w e s t by Chamkani, in t he
s out h by Jani Khel, i n t h e s u t h e a s t by J aj i Maidan, i n t h e nort h by
Dareh Darang, and i n t h e w e s t by t h e St a t e of Paki st an. Dand-wa-
patan ha s some 46 vi l l ages , 2 of whi ch have more t ha n 500 inhabi-
t a nt s . The vi l l ages a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows : Patan, Dand,
Kagina Kalai (Gagina), Mutwaruk h, Landi Kalai, Narai Wuraza ( ~ a r a i
Worazay), I s t i ya (Sel i ya), Tsapr ai Qara-i-Ak hzar i , Dag, Shari f Kal-
ai, Sayed Shah Kalai, Huj r i Kalai, Abdul l ah Kalai, Yaro Kalai, Malik
Mira Jan, Moh'd Ayaz-Kalai, Mulla Kalai-Dandi, Nabi Kalai, Malik Din
Moh'd, Algad Walo Kalai, Shapol a Khola, Kawlah, Hassan Khel, Wocha
Algada, Ti r ul gada, Gorandi , Narai, Ghonzai , Sur gai , Kot Kalai, Set i
Kalai, Chenai Kalai, Asko Mato Kats, Mana Mila, Zandah, Seron Ulga-
dah, Mazr-i-Ulgadah, Sal t ak, Gul dar ah, Tor i Khel, Ghwawo Kalai,
Taraki Khel, patan-i-Ulya, Patan-i-Sufla, and Qala-i-Momen.
*DANGA &J
34-16 67-50 rn. A vi l l age s o u t h e a s t of t h e Kuh-i-Badurka, on a
t r i but ar y of t h e Dara-i-Jelga.
DANGAK & J
34-49 66-18 rn. A p a s s over t h e nor t he r n wa t e r s he d of t h e Sar-i-
Jangal val l ey l eadi ng i nt o t h e val l ey of t h e Rud-i-Band-i-Amir. I t
is c r o s s e d by a road l e a di ng from Daulat Yar t o Mazar-i-Sharif and
Balk vi a Kat l i sh and I s f i Maidan. The r oad on t h e s out he r n s i de of
t h e pa s s is sai d t o be easy, but on t h e nor t he r n s i d e it is di f f i -
c u l t , over l o o s e s l o p e s of s h a l e and s hi ngl e , and t h e pa s s can only
be c ons i de r e d a s pr act i cabl e f o r mu l e t r a f f i c . The wat er s hed cros-
s e d h e r e f or ms pa r t of t h e boundar y be t we e n t h e pr ovi nces of Kabul
and Af ghan- Tur ki st an. Thi s p a s s is somet i mes s poke n of as t he
Kashan Kotal, from t h e name of t h e gl e n whi ch r uns down from t he
nor t he r n s i d e of t h e p a s s t o t h e Band-i-Arnir. ( B C A ravine by
t hi s name is located a t 34-36 66-14 G. Recent maps show t he Band-
i-Dangak a t 34-49 66-17.
DANGAK
&J
34-43 66-18. A hal t i ng- pl ace, in a gl e n of t h e same name, near t he
s out he r n f o o t of t h e Kangak Pass. The gl e n is sai d t o b e 300 yards
wi de h e r e and t h e r e is room f o r t r o o p s t o encamp. Ther e i s a
c e r t a i n amount of cul t i vat i on, and s u p p l i e s can be ar r anged for.
The r e is no g r a s s but Bhusa is f ai r l y pl e nt i f ul . rashw wood i s
avai l abl e f o r f ue l , and t h e r e a r e a l s o some wi l l ows gr owi ng along
t h e st r eam i n t h e gl en. (I.B.C.)
34-59 71-25. Dangam i s an al aqadar i i n Nangar har provi nce. The
al aqadar i c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 236 s q u a r e ki l omet er s and has an
a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on t h a t ha s been es t i mat ed a t from 5,023 to
8,940. The al aqadar i is bounded i n t h e w e s t by Bar Konar, in t he
nor t h by Naray, and i n t h e e a s t and s o u t h by t h e s t a t e of pakistan*
Dangam ha s about 17 vi l l ages , 4 of whi ch have more t han 500
inhabi-
t a n t s . The vi l l ages a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows: ~angam-i -
Ulya, Bidad Kalai, Tanga, Mesha (Maband i-Maik ha), Warak o t i ~ a r i g a h
(Khora Gar i gah) , Loy Gar i gah, Derai, Sayan (Nayan), ~ h a r a h , Karkotf
Bar Sur Kamar-i-Ulya, Kuz Su Karnar-i-Suf l a, Kachli, Qasem, ~awul - i -
Kohna ( Bar awul - i - ~ohna) , Sabandi (Siyah Bandi ), ~angam- i - Suf la, and
Brun Gar.
DANGANA
L ; ~ J
35-21 69-30 m. A vi l l age on t h e Dara-i-parandeh, about 2 miles
nor t h of its c onf l ue nc e wi t h t h e Panj shi r .
* DANGAR $J
33-40 69-47 m. A vi l l age one m i l e nor t h of J a ni khe l Mangal wol es-
wali s e a t , s o u t h of Chamkani.
*DANGDANG &&J
33-53 69-43 m. A vi l l age on t h e Ar yobs t er Tuy, s o u t h of Chawnai.
D ARA *J J
33- 69-. A p a s s l e a di ng from Zurmat t o t h e J aj i count r y. Near
t h i s is a pl ai n i nha bi t e d by Sahak Ghi l zai s. (Broadfoot . ) Re c e nt
maps show a pl ace s o u t h e a s t of Gar dez on t h e r oad t o Shi wak, a t 33-
31 69-19 m. (LWA)
D ARA *J A
34- 69-. El evat i on 10, 200 f e e t . Deh Dara c o n s i s t s of t wo s m a l l
vi l l ages s i t ua t e d a bout 6 m i l e s s o u t h of t h e Zard Sang Kotal on t h e
Ghazni-Mazar-i-Sharif road. Ot her pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name a r e l oc a t e d
west of t h e Kuh-i-Boro, a t 34-36 67-23 m.; on a st r eam i n t h e
Pitaw ar ea, a t 34-32 70-58 m.; 2 miles nor t h of t h e Maidan r i ve r ,
nor t hwe s t of t h e Kota-i-Ashro, a t 34-29 68-45 m.
DARAFSHAN See URAZGANI
"bJ J
DARAGALI PJ J
34- 70-. A vi l l age in t h e Kama di vi s i on of t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t ,
s i t uat ed about hal f a m i l e n o r t h we s t of Bazid Khel. I nhabi t ant s :
Tajiks and Dehgans. ( Jenkyns. )
DARAGARH c$ *J"
34-39 70-13. A vi l l age i n Laghman, s i t ua t e d on t h e r i g h t bank of
t h e Alinshang r i ver , o p p o s i t e Ti gri . I t c o n s i s t s of t h e f ol l owi ng
haml et s and f o r t s :
1. Kala-i-Samandar
2. Kala-i-Kashmir
3. La1 Muhammad
The i nhabi t ant s a r e Mamozai and Malla Kh el G hi l zai s. (Warburton.)
*DAM HAZARAH (HESA- I -DUWWUM)
(r, J*-) *J!P 4,J
35-17 69-40. Dara Hazarah is an al aqadar i i n Parwan pr ovi nce. The
al aqadari compr i s es an ar ea of 707 s qua r e ki l omet er s and ha s an
agr i cul t ur al popul at i on t h a t ha s been es t i mat ed a t from 5, 445 t o
6,180. The al aqadar i is bounded i n t h e w e s t by Panj shi r , i n t h e
nor t h by Char Qarya, in t h e e a s t by Nur i st an and Daul at shah, and i n
t h e s out h by Najrab. Dara Hazarah i nc l ude s a bout 14 vi l l ages , of
which 6 have more t ha n 500 i nhabi t ant s . The vi l l ages a r e l i s t e d i n
t h e PG a s f ol l ows: Tum Bana, Pujada, Malima, Keraman, Pasgar an
(Bazargaran), Tun Kho, Abdullah Khel, Baba Al i , Dost Al i , Jar-i-Ali.
Sangi Khel, ~ o l a n d a we r , I s t a e d e r ~ d l a n , a nd . ~ u l a b K h e 1 ( ~ u l d a
Khel) .
*DARA- I -DARANG LJ J J
33-53 69-53. Dara-i-Darang is an al aq wadari in Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
The al aqadar i c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 57 s qua r e ki l omet er s and ha s an
agr i cul t ur al popul at i on t h a t ha s been es t i mat ed a t about 2,000. The
al aqadari is bounded in t h e w e s t by Jaj i , i n t h e s out h by Chamkani
and Dand-wa Patan, and i n t h e e a s t by t h e St a t e of Paki st an. Dara-
i-Darang has some 6 vi l l ages , t h r e e of whi ch have more t ha n 500
i nhabi t ant s . The vi l l ages a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows: Qimati
(Qemshi), Gondai, Mir Hasan, Bag h Lagr ah, Bagh Al gadah, Bag h Lagar,
Khargai, Tsapar ai Kalai, Khaman, and Khar ot (Kharot i ).
DAM-I-JAKUNI Jk ~ J J
34- 68-. A val l ey i n t h e Kabul d i s t r i c t , w e s t of Rustam Khel.
(Wood. )
DARA- I -LAM + ~ J J
A Vi l l age i n Lag hman, compr i s i ng t h e haml et s of - 1. Banda Badi, 2.
W a l i , 3. Abdul Salam.
I nhabi t ant s : Ta j i ks and Ut khel Ghi l z a i s . (Warburton. )
DARA- I-NUR A+ *>a
34-41 70-35. Dara-i-Nur is an al aqadar i i n Nangar har provi nce. The
al aqadar i c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 331 s q u a r e ki l omet er s and has an
a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on t h a t ha s been e s t i ma t e d a t from 11,020 t o
14,270. The al aqadar i is bounded i n t h e nor t h by Chapa Dara, in t he
e a s t by Nur Gul, i n t h e s out h by Kauz Kunar, an i n t h e e a s t by
Alingar d i s t r i c t s . Dara-i-Nur ha s a bout 25 vi l l a ge s , 10 of which
have more t ha n 500 i nhabi t ant s . The vi l l a ge s are l i s t e d in t h e PG
a s f ol l ows: Wigal, Saf ar Qala, Sut an, Qala-i-Shahi, Machgandol,
Lamat ak, Chuwa l , Sar Gal ak, Ot r an, Kandak, Shamal , Bamba Kot,
Shakya- l ai ,
Omar Qala, Shahgahi , Du Darak, Panjo Qala, Keshmand Qala, Alma,
Jumja Pur, Shiram Qala, J a ni s hgul , Lamgandah, Laghyak, Sarwar (Sar-
war Qala), Nikyan, and Sar ghal ak. The vi l l age of Dara-i-Nur i s
l oc a t e d a t 34-37 70-36 m. (LWA) In 1914 t h e ar ea was des cr i bed as
f ol l ows: A val l ey t r i but a r y t o t h e Kunar r i ver , j oi ni ng it from t he
nor t h a t a poi nt some 1 5 miles f r om J al dabad, whe r e t h e road up t he
main val l ey c r o s s e s it is a s h o r t , s t e e p d e s c e n t and a s c e n t of about
30 f e e t t o and from t h e nala bed.
I t is i nhabi t ed by a pe opl e cal l i ng t he ms e l ve s Sa f i s , s peaki ng t hei r
own pecul i ar di a c l e c t , and not unde r s t a ndi ng t h e Pas ht u language.
They a r e a s t r a i ght f owa r d, manly r a c e wi t h f l or i d compl exi ons, l i ght
e y e s and hair. They have many pecul i ar cus t oms , and r et ai n many
v e s t i g e s of a nc i e nt a r t s . For i ns t a nc e , t h e y have bee- hi ves, un-
known t o t h e i nha bi t a nt s of t h e pl ai ns. Thei r val l ey is most cele-
br a t e d amongst t h e i r ne i ghbour s a s bei ng t h e nat i ve s oi l of nargis
( nar ci s s us ) . I t is a f f i r med t h a t h e r e is a var i et y of t h e flower
wi t h bl ack pet al s . Thei r hi l l s yi el di ng g r a p e s , qua nt i t i e s of wine
and vi negar a r e made by t h e i nhabi t ant s . Babar s t a t e s t ha t t he
i nha bi t a nt s of t h i s val l ey wer e i n h i s t i m e Kafi rs.
The Dara-i-Nur us e d t o be t h e r o u t e by whi ch Kafi r sl ave- gi r l s were
br ought down by t h e Laghmani s t o t h e Jalalabad mar ket s. (Masson,
Col dst r eam, Holdich. )
DARA-I-ROBAT J4, 4J.r
34-58 68-32 G. A val l ey l oc a t e d a bout 9 m i l e s w e s t of ~ h o r b a n d -
DARA KALA
up r,>
34-26 70-16 A vi l l age in t h e Sur kha b di vi s i on of t h e ~al al abad
d i s t r i c t , a m i l e t o t h e w e s t of Kala-i-Lala. ~n h a b i t a n t s : ~ h i l z a i s -
(Jenkyns . )
DARAKH U'
34- 66-.
A haml et a t t h e mouth of t h e Sang Dara pa s s l yi ng on the
r i g h t f r o n t of t h e e nt r a nc e and 300 ya r ds o f f . I t cont ai ne fi ve
h o u s e s on t h e s l o p e of t h e hi l l . The r e is a good s pr i ng of water
her e. (Gaselee. )
DARASHAH KHEL 4 k 4Jd
35- 69-. A pl ace l yi ng e a s t of Char i kar . I t is s ai d t o cont ai n
200 f ami l i es of Tajik s. ( Nat i ve i nf ormation.)
DARA YUSUF &a dJd
The head- quar t er s of t h e Dai Mirdad s ubs e c t i on of Hazaras.
*DARAZ
j'J 4
34-28 66-39 m. A vi l l age n o r t h of Asghar at , on a t r i but a r y of t h e
La1 Dara.
*DARAZGAR
A', d
34-12 67-13 m. A vi l l age on a t r i but a r y of t h e Helmand, 4 miles west
of its c onf l ue nc e wi t h t h e Qol-i-Tsuitaman.
DARAZ GIRD
d,f" 'J
35-0 68-53 m. A g r o u p of f o u r s m a l l f o r t s i n t h e Ghorband val l ey,
s i t uat ed 2 miles below Si a hgi r d, on t h e l e f t bank o f t h e r i ver . The
i nhabi t ant s a r e Shi nwar i s. The val l ey h e r e is 2 m i l e s wi de, wi t h
gar dens and trees. The r i ve r bed is of gr avel , 400 t o 800 y a r d s
acr oss. (Peacocke. )
DARAZ KOL
chi j'Jd
34-23 67-18 m. A val l ey i n t h e Dai Zangi Hazara count r y. Recent maps
show a st r eam wi t h t h i s name. (LWA)
DARBAND See FIRAJ
*DARBAND
A, .'
35-17 67-56 m. A vi l l age on t h e Kahmard r i ver , about 3 m i l e s nor t h-
west of Doab-i-Mikh-i-Zarin. Ot her pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name a r e west o f
Sangdari Ghar and s o u t h e a s t of Kabul, a t 34-17 69-23 m. and on t h e
Shamshad Ghar, a t 34-6 71-4 m.
DARBAND
&, d
A pas s over a s p u r of t h e Sa f e d Koh cal l ed t h e Tal kha Guzar moun-
t a i n.
DARBAND &J
35- 69-. A vi l l age a t t h e head of t h e Tagao val l ey, 12 miles from
Fa r a j gha n, 1 3 5 miles n o r t h e a s t o f Kabul, i n h a b i t e d by ( Ni mcha)
Kafi rs, who a c t a s b r o k e r s and bar gai ner s i n t i m e of pe a c e bet ween
t he Kafirs and Muhammadans. (Leech.)
DARGAI J J d
34-28 69-56 m. The r e a r e t wo hal t i ng pl a c e s d e s i g n a t e d r e s p e c t i v e -
ly, "Bara" and "Chot a" Dargai by o f f i c e r s empl oyed i n 1880 i n r econ-
noi t r i ng t h e r out e from Jalalabad t o Sang Toda by t h e Adrag Badrag
Pass. "Chota" Dargai is a t t h e e a s t e r n f o o t of t h e Adrag Badr aq,
about 14 miles west of Khairo Khel; and "Bara" Dargai is about 6
miles f u r t h e r w e s t a t t h e o p p o s i t e bas e of t h e pa s s , near t h e junc-
t i on wi t h t h e Kabul r i ve r of t h e Dargai Oba st r eam (q.v.). "Chot a"
Dargai is a small pi e c e of l e v e l gr ound near a st r eam, commanded on
al l s i d e s by h i g h bar r en hi l l s . "Bara" Dargai ha s less t ha n a doz e n
hous es and no s uppl i e s ; not hi ng b u t wat er and wat er - cr es s es , c oa r s e
gr a s s and hol l y, "mi s t l et oe and boul der s. " (I.B.C., Ross, Thompson,
Dutton.) Recent maps s how t h e names Kam Dargai and Loy Dargai, t h e
l a t t e r a t 34-27 69-52 m. (LWA)
DARGAI OBA
("9') C' J" J
34-30 69-54 A. A t r i but a r y of t h e Kabul r i ve r , r i s i ng i n t h e Siah
oh r a nge and j oi ni ng t h e Kabul r i ve r a bout 16 m i l e s w e s t of Jalala-
bad. The r i ve r road from Jal al abad t o Kabul c r o s s e s t h i s st ream by a
wooden b r i d g e a bout 1 m i l e above its j unct i on wi t h t h e Kabul river.
(I.B.C.) Recent maps s how t h e name Dargai Khwar. (LWA)
DARGEH JJ J
33- 6%. A vi l l age in Khost , 1 2 m i l e s s o u t h we s t of Matun. 1t is
t h e pr i nc i pa l pl ace of t h e Tani s e c t i o n of t h e Khost wal s. (I.B.C.)
DARGHAN HAZARAS See BAMIAN (PROPER)
4 , ' ; . (JLJ J
DARI &J
33- 69-. A wi de pl ai n on t h e w e s t of t h e Kurram val l ey and Jaji
count r y i nha bi t e d by Sahak Ghi l zai s. (Broadfoot . ) A f o r t wi t h t hi s
name is 5 m i l e s s o u t h e a s t of Asmar, a t 35-47 71-28 G. (LWA)
DARKHINJ See KHINJ
DARMAN KHEL
A s ubdi vi s i on of t he Chakmannis ( q. v. ) .
DAROGH See DARGEH @J J
*DARSUDY AR JL J ~ J
34-35 68-43 m. A v i l l a g e on a t r i b u t a r y of t h e Maidan r i ve r .
*DARU N' J
33-29 68-9 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a st r eam s o u t h we s t of Ghazni.
&jJ J
DARUNTA
34-28 70-22 A. A s m a l l s ubdi vi s i on of Jal al abad, on t h e l e f t bank of
t h e Kabul r i ver , o p p o s i t e t h e j unct i on of t h e Sur khab. Ther e is an
ol d f o r t of Darunta about 2 miles above t h e c onf l ue nc e of t h e riv-
ers. A f o r c e of 450 kha s a da r s is qua r t e r e d her e. (I.B.C.)
DARUNTA
&jJJ
34-29 70-22 A. A d i f f i c u l t g o r g e t h r o u g h whi ch t h e Kabul r i ver flows
bet ween t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t and Kat s Laghman.
I t is r e a c he d a t 7 1/2 m i l e s from Jal al abad and on t h e l e f t bank of
t h e Kabul r i v e r s t a n d s t h e o l d Da r unt a f o r t me nt i one d i n t h e
pr ecedi ng a r t i c l e .
A Steel s us pe ns i on b r i d g e bui l t by Messrs. Burn & Co., Howrah, and
compl et ed ear l y i n 1909 s p a n s t h e g o r g e near t h i s poi nt . The br i dge
is 306 f e e t l ong, wi t h a 10 f e e t r oadway and is c ont r uc t e d t o carry
a l oad of 120 lbs. pe r s q u a r e f oot .
The Tangi Gharu road cr os s es t h e s pur on t h e r i ght bank by zig-zags*
Wheel ed ve hi c l e s have been t a ke n over it wi t h di f f i c ul t y. (1.B.C.)
DARWAZA
* j b ~ J
34- 68-. A p a s s over t h e e a s t e r n end of t h e main oh-i-Baba range,
c r o s s e d by a road whi ch l e a ve s t h e Ghorband val l ey a t about a mile
below Bin-i-Seh wak. Here t h e hi l l s on t h e s o u t h s i nk i nt o a ser i es
of gent l e rounded r i dge s and s pur s prqj ect i ng from t h e oh-i-Darwaz*
The main r a nge of t h e Koh-i-Baba, whi ch r uns l i k e a wall from t he
main I r ak Kotal t o a br e a s t of t h i s poi nt , h e r e end i n t h e oh-^-
Darwaz. Behi nd t h e Koh-i-Darwaz lies t h e l a r g e Turkoman Damf and
beyond t h a t agai n lies t h e r a nge of t h e Paghman mountains. (Pea-
cocke. ) A vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 34-44 67-31 m. and
anot her is a t 35-43 69-42 A. (LWA)
DARWESH
AJ
35- 67-. A s qua r e mud f o r t i n t h e Bi r gal i ch Dara, pa s s e d on t h e
road l eadi ng nor t h from t h e Shi bar val l ey over t h e Jal mi sh Kotal t o
t h e Ao Dara (Bamian r i ver ) .
Ther e is a f a i r l y good
campi ng gr ound al ong t h e s i d e s of t h e Birga-
l i ch val l ey, b u t t h e c e n t r e of t h e val l ey is wa t e r l ogge d by t h e
st ream and i r r i ga t i on channel s . Supl i e s pr ocur abl e. The r e is no
wood, and a t hor ny weed, whi ch gr ows i n t h e s h a p e of a l a r g e c l o s e
ci r cul ar t u f t on all t h e h i l l s and is cal l ed ki r pi , is bur nt by t h e
i nhabi t ant s. Gr as s is t o be f ound s t o r e d i n all t h e f o r t s and ham-
lets. (Peacocke. ) A vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is on t h e r oad from
Gardez t o Kabul, a bout 3 m i l e s s o u t h e a s t of Mangokhel a t 33-57 69-1
m. ( LWA)
DARWESHABAD
JLT ;, J
A vi l l age i n Langman (Lag hman?) , cont ai ni ng t h e f 0110 wing haml et s:
1. Kalaqai, 2. Kala-i-Ak hund zada, 3. era-i-Mirza Sahi b.
he i nha bi t a nt s a r e Ta j i ks . (warburt on. )
DARWESH At1
A s e c t i on of t he Besudi s.
*DARWESHAN "&a
35-9 67-42 m. A vi l l age on a st r eam, about 2 miles s o u t h of Sai ghan.
Another pl ace wi t h t h i s name is n o r t h we s t of Khair Kot, a t 32-59 68-
20 m.
DARWESH KALA di AJJ
34-28 68-37. A vi l l age on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Kabul r i ve r , 4 miles
west of Jal r ez. Cl os e by is t h e vi l l age of Nawab Kala. (Wanliss.)
*DARZAKHEL
&ljl J
33-47 69-49 m. A vi l l age on t h e Kuram (Patan Tuy) o p p o s i t e Chamkani.
*DASHT
d d
33-11 67-50 m. A vi l l age on t h e Chashma-i-Aghlar near Zardaluy.
Another pl ace wi t h t h i s name is nor t h of t h e Kuh-i-Charband, a
t r i but ar y of t h e Helmand, a t 34-28 67-23 m.
DASHTAK
clzzJ
34-18 69-13 m. A vi l l age in t h e val l ey of t h e l owe r Logar, i.e.,
nort h of t h e Tangi Waghjan pass. The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Hasan Khel, and
in 1880 t h e vi l l age cont ai ned f i v e haml et s and 40 f ami l i es. I t Lies
t o t h e e a s t of t h e Logar r i ve r and c l o s e unde r t h e hi l l s. Water from
a karez. ( Cl i f f or d, Euan Smith.) Thi s pl ace is a l s o cal l ed Loy
Kalai and is some 10 miles s o u t h of Kabu. Anot her pl a c e wi t h t h i s
name is on a st r eam r unni ng nor t h i nt o t h e Bamian near t h e t own of
Bamian, a t 34-46 67-49 m.
DASHT- I - REWAT
G!,, L J
35-29 69-49 A. El evat i on 6,970 f e e t . A s m a l l pl ai n in t h e u p p e r
Panj shi r val l ey, on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e st r eam, c r o s s e d by t h e
Khawak pa s s road a t about 11 miles above Marz. I t is from 400 t o 700
Yards wi de, and is about 2 miles in l e ngt h. Numerous small haml et s
and gr oups of h u t s a r e s t r u n g al ong t h e r i g h t bank of t h e st r eam,
and are s ur r ounded by e x t e n s i v e o r c h a r d s t h r o u g h whi ch t h e r oad
Passes. In pl a c e s t h e t rees a r e s o t h i c k a s t o i mpede ba gga ge mi-
mals, and in o t h e r s t h e r ough s t o n e wal l s of t h e o r c h a r d s have
f al l en down, obs t r uct i ng t h e narrow road. Ther e a r e sai d t o be 130
fami l i es i n t h e Dasht-i-Rewat haml et s, who a r e all Taj i ks.
Up t h e Dara Rewat is a f oot pa t h l eadi ng i nt o Kafi ri st an. I t crosses
t h e Wakhe Koh and t hen joins t h e Arioh road.
On t h e l e f t bank of t h e main st r eam rises t h e Koh-i-Buzmal, while
t h e hi l l on t h e o t h e r s i d e of t h e pl ai n is t h e Koh-i-Iskabun.
Camping ground f o r a di vi s i on mi ght be f ound on t h e Dasht -i -~ewat ,
b u t it would be most l y on cul t i vat ed gr ound. Suppl i e s a r e not abun-
dant . Enough f o r one bat t al i on f o r 3 or 4 days mi ght be procurable.
The wi dt h of t h e st r eam is h e r e 20 ya r ds and its d e p t h 2 1/2 f eet .
~t is f e d by numerous little s t r eams coming down ever y gl en and
ravi ne on e i t h e r s i de. Its bed is 50 ya r ds acr os s . (Shahzada Tai-
mus.) Recent maps show t h e name a t 35-27 69-49.
DASHT- I-SARKAR See BAMIAN (DISTRICT) j6p J
DASHT-I-TALKHGUZAR
,d+ L J
33- 68-. A pl ai n in t h e Ghazni d i s t r i c t , bet ween t h e Sher Dahan
pa s s and Robagh. (I.B.C.)
DASHT-I-TI KAR
A pl ace i n t he Paol adi gl en.
DASHT-I-TOP
vg L J
34- 68-. A pl ai n in t h e d i s t r i c t of Kabul, bet ween Zarnai and Kala-
i-Durani. I t t a k e s its name from t h e vi l l age of Top, whi ch s t ands i n
it. (I.B.C.)
DASHT-I-ZIARAT c;)L L J
34-32 70-2 G. A pl ai n i n Laghman, e xt e ndi ng from t h e Kabul river,
near its j unct i on wi t h t h e Badpakht st r eam in a nort heast erl y
di r ect i on t o t h e Al i shang. The r out e from Ti gr i t owar ds Badpakht
and Kabul p a s s e s over t h i s pl ai n, whi ch s l o p e s ver y gent l y up t o t he
bas e of t h e hi l l s , and is cover ed wi t h c oa r s e gr as s . A l l t h e western
por t i on of t h e d a s h t is good gr azi ng- gr ound f o r s h e e p , and very
l a r ge f l o c k s bel ongi ng t o Ti gr i a r e gr azed on it. (Young.)
*DASHT KOLA
d$ L J
34-7 67-58 m. An ar ea i n nor t her n Ghazni pr ovi nce, nor t h of ~hahr - i -
Khawat.
DAUDI See BUGHLANI
*DAUDKHEL Or DAWUDKHEL &3' J
34-54 69-51 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d on a t r i b u t a r y of t h e ~ a g a b r
nor t h- nor t heas t of Sarobi.
DAUDZAI
cri J,\J
34-49 69-10 G. A vi l l age in t h e Koh Daman of Kabul, about midway
bet ween Bazari and Karabagh. I t cont ai ns e i g h t f o r t s , and has a
~ o p u l a t i o n of some 300 Daudzai fami l i es who p o s s e s s many camels and
do a g r e a t deal of car r yi ng bet ween Kabul and Peshawar, and Kabul
and Tur ki st an. They ar e in no s e ns e , however , Kuchi s. (1.B.C.)
DAULANA
6 1 ) J
35- 6%- A vi l l age in Kohi st an, bet ween Baian and ~ o k h wi r d i - It
s t a n d s on t h e l e f t bank of a r i vul et known by t h e name of ~j mi l t a
c u t from t h e Ghorband ri ver. ~t ha s 60 hous e s of Taj i ks. The lands
of t h i s v u g e a r e f e r t i l e , pr oduci ng much wheat , cot t on, jowarf
r i ce, etc. Of f r u i t t r e e s , mul ber r i es and vi nes a r e pl ent i f ul . There
ar e he r e many head of c a t t l e , b u t f e w s h e e p . Shahzada Taimus men-
t i ons a vi l l age of t h i s name a s bei ng s i t ua t e d e a s t of Char i kar , and
cont ai ni ng 400 f ami l i es of Taj i ks. (A.B.C., I.B.C.) A vi l l age wi t h
t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 35-22 69-25 G.
DAULANA
61, J
35- 69-. A vi l l age i n t h e Par endev Dara, about 9 miles above its
j unct i on wi t h t h e Panj shi r . Cl os e by is a n o t h e r vi l l age cal l ed Kund,
t h e t wo t o g e t h e r cont ai ni ng some 10 f ami l i es of Taj i ks. (I.B.C.)
Ot her pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name a r e l oc a t e d a t 32-57 67-46 G. and 34-21
DAULAT KHAN
A subdi vi si on of t h e Daya Pol ada.
*DAULAT KHAN
"L d,J
32-36 67-58 m. A vi l l age on t h e Ghazni r i ver , some 6 miles nor t h-
e a s t of t h e Ab-i-Istadeh.
DAULAT KHAN
"L GJ, J
33-31 68-48 m. A vi l l age on t h e r oad be t we e n Ghazni and Kalalgu i n
Zurmat. (Broad f oot.)
*DAULAT KHAWANI 31, s d 9 J
32-52 68-42 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d some 6 miles s o u t h e a s t of Yahya-
khe l i n s out he r n G hazni pr ovi nce.
DAULAT MUHAMMAD KALA See ASLAM KALA d , ~
DAULATPAI
A main s e c t i on of t he Besuds.
DAULAT SHAH
4 L d, J
34-57 70-4 m. Daulat Shah is a vi l l age and an al aqadar i i n Laghman
province. The al aqadar i whi ch c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 703 s q u a r e ki l o-
met er s, has an a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on t h a t ha s been e s t i ma t e d a t
from 3,774 t o 8,414. Daulat Shah is bounded i n t h e nor t h by Panj s hi r
and Nuristan, i n t h e e a s t and s o u t h by Al i shi ng and in t h e w e s t by
Alsai and Nejrab d i s t r i c t s . The al aqadar i c ont a i ns a bout 32 vi l l a ge s
5 of whi ch have more t ha n 500 i nhabi t ant s . The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d
i n t h e PG a s f o l l o ws : S e l ( Suha i l ) , Cha kl a , Wala ( Nal a) , Kal ai ,
At u k , Rasami (Ranami) , Kunda K U K ~ , Dalang i ( ~ a l a n g i-Balal) , Manan
Gul (Monawar ~ a l a i Gul ) , Gadyala (Kalyala), Daulat Shah, Munjaghan,
Cha s hi da r - i - ~e r e s h g han, Pi t ak- i - Fer esh g han ( Wataypak-i-Fresh g han) ,
Nilk han ( Te l Khan) , Kasu k ( Kash w ak- i - Naj i l ) , Rat u k (Darah Tu) ,
Khandan- i - ~i r Af g han (C handal ) , Khandok (Gamt arak), Aluk-i-Najil,
Nurah Daulat Shah, Wez (Wai ss), Murah, Tombala (Tanbala), Meyo (Meyo
Fer eshg han) , Mush ka ndi (Mash Kondi), Mangal Pur, Noya (Qarya-i-
Noyaye), Noya-i-Ulya, Noya-i-Suf la, Qarya-i-dog elan, Rakarak, and
Fer eshghan. The vi l l age of Da uht Shah is on t h e u p p e r Al i shang
r i ver , some 10 m i l e s nor t h of Al i shang. (LWA) In 1914, t h e vi l l age
was de s c r i be d a s f ol l ows: A vi l l age of 80 hous e s i n t h e Al i shang
valley, about 70 miles from Jalalabad. The di a l e c t s p o k e n a bout h e r e
is known a s Pas hi and is d i f f e r e n t from t h e ~ a ~ h m a n i di al ect .
(I.B.C.)
DAULAT SHAHI p~ &,J
4 - 70-. A vi l l age in t h e Besud di vi s i on of t h e JaLalabad di s -
trict. I nhabi t ant s: Taj i ks and Kazi Khel. (Jenkyns. )
DAULAT SHAH1 & d,d
34-57 69-10 m. A vi l l age i n Kohi st an, be t we e n Baian and Charikar,
about 3 miles from t h e l a t t e r , on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Charikar
st r eam, o p p o s i t e Mian Shakh. About 200 h o u s e s of Taj i ks. The vi l l age
is k h a l i s a , i.e., t h e p r o p e r t y o f t h e S t a t e , a nd its l a n d s ar e
f e r t i l e pr oduc i ng gr ai n of a l l k i n d s ( i ncl udi ng rice), and every
s o r t of f r ui t . I. B. C. A.B.C.)
DAULAT ZA I J; d, J
34-18 70-23 m. A g r o u p of f o r t i f i e d haml et s, s ur r ounde d by cultiva-
t i on i n t h e Chapr i ar s ubdi vi s on of t h e Jal al abad di s t r i c t . I t l i es
on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Chapr i ar st r eam, about 9 m i l e s sout h of
Jal al abad, on t h e r oad from t h a t pl a c e t o t h e Kurram val l ey via t he
Agam pass. Suppl i e s and wat er pl e nt i f ul . Two hundr e d khasadar s are
s t a t i one d her e. (I.B.C.) The vi l l age is some 3 miles nor t heas t of
Chapr i ar , on t h e way t o Jal al abad. Ot he r pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name are
l oc a t e d a t 34-36 69-39 G., 33-36 69-11 G., and 33-35 69-9 G.
DAY AH ,+JJ
The Lar gest s ubdi vi s i on of t h e Pol ada Hazaras. ( See Military Report
on Hazarajat, Pa r t 11.)
DAYAH
~ ? J J
A s e c t i o n of t h e Bes udi Hazaras. ( See Military Repor t on Hazarajat
Pa r t 11.)
DAYAK See DAIAK
DEBEH
* J
34- 70-. A g o r g e about 1 m i l e w e s t of Kats Muhammad Al i , i n Lagh-
man, t h r o u g h whi ch f l o ws t h e Kabul r i ver . No t r a c k what ever exists,
and it is ne c e s s a r y t o l e a ve t h e r i ve r a t t h i s poi nt , wher e it is
about 2,200 f e e t above sea- l evel , and rise gr adual l y over t h e Adrag
Badrag. The whol e d i f f i c u l t y of t h e Laghman val l ey r out e t o Kabul
from Jal al abad may be sai d t o lie i n its t wo e n d s , viz., t h Darunta
and t h e Debeh d e f i l e s . (Hol di ch. )
*DEHAK
CLJ
33-28 68-39 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d some 4 m i l e s s o u t h of Ramak and
s out heas t of Ghazni.
DEH BACHA AKA RAZA L,b\ e? 4 J
34- 67-. A s mal l v i l l a g e i n t h e Ka r gha na t u g l e n of ~a mi a n*
(A.B.C.)
*DEH BALA
YLJ
34-7 70-27. Deh Bala is a wol eswal i i n Nangar har provi nce. The
wol eswal i c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 479 e qua r e ki l omet er s and has an
a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on t h a t ha s been e s t i ma t e d a t from 23,940 t o
46,840- The wol eswal i is bounded , i n t h e nor t h by Rodat , in t h e east
by Achin, i n t h e s out h by t h e St a t e of Paki st an, and i n t h e west bY
Pachi r Agam. Deh Bald ha s a bout 36 vi l l a ge s , 22 of whi ch have over
500 i n h a b i t a n t s . Th e v i l l a g e s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s fol l ows:
Ghok hadr ah, Sara Qala, Eshpol a, hum-i-~shpola hum-i-~alai) , KOta
Wal (Kot Wal), Murgai, Dawlat Khel, Shai kh Maidan, ~ o r g o r i (Garqa-
ri), CharwaZi, Harez, Rud Khana, Narai Oba, Suna Khel, Shabi, Guza-
r at Wh a r f Kassu, AhmadKhel, Ganja, Khar Kanai Suf l a, Khar ranai
Ul ~ a , Gagre, Kamki Papin, Tangi Deh Bala, Ghal nai hara rani), Sharmu-
khiv Ya9 hi band, Shag hala, Jaudar a, Rawagai, ~ o y Papin, Haram Qatraf
Chi na, Gana, Min Kats, Okan, and Asks Mina.
DEH BARKA
& * d
A s ubdi vi s i on o f t h e Daya Pol ada. ( See Mi l i t ar y Re p o r t on Hazar aj at ,
Pa r t I1 .)
DEH BEBUD
2 m . J
A v i l l a q e i n Ya kh Wal ang, s i t u a t e d i n t h e z a r d i g a o g l e n , a n d . .
a
cont ai ni ng 1 2 f ami l i es o f Neka Hazaras. (A.B.C.)
DEHGAN
" K a d
33- 69-. . A v i l l a g e i n Khos t , a b o u t 7 m i l e s s o u t h we s t o f Matun.
( Co l l e t t . )
DEHGAN ( , d ~ ) ~ j ~ - )
A t r i b e s e t t l e d i n t h e Kunar val l ey, and s c a t t e r e d a l s o ove r t h e
- -
d i s t r i c t s of Jal al abad and Laghman.
In t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t De hga ns a r e f o u n d p r i n c i p a l l y i n Pe s h
Bolak, Kandi bagh, Hi s a r s ha hi , Deh-i-Tahir, Lawangapur , a nd Mast Al i ,
but t h e p r e s e n t home o f t h e r a c e is Kunar and i n t h e Dara-i-Nur and
some par t s o f Laghman.
The Dehgans a r e o f t e n c o n f o u n d e d wi t h t h e Ta j i ks by t h e p e o p l e o f
t h e c ount r y, b u t t h e y a r e q u i t e d i s t i n c t . Whi l e t h e Ta j i ks i nvar i ab-
l y s p e a k Per s i an, t h e De hga ns ha ve a pe c ul i a r l a n g u a g e o f t h e i r own,
cal l ed Laghmani o r Kohi st ani . Th i s l a n g u a g e seems t o b e c o mp r i s e d o f
Sa ns kr i t and moder n Per s i an, wi t h some wo r d s of Pu s h t u , and a v e r y
l a r g e a d mi x t u r e o f o f some unknown r oot . J e n k y n s , i n 1878, f r om
compari ng t h e i r l a n g u a g e wi t h t h a t o f Nur i s t an, came t o t h e concl u-
si on t h a t t h e De hga ns and Kaf i r s were o n e r ace. H e s a ys : --"The
Dehgans a r e Kaf i r s c o n v e r t e d t o Muhammadanism, pr obabl y wi t h i n t h e
l a s t t h r e e or f o u r c e n t u r i e s . From i nt e r ma r r yi ng wi t h t h e Ta j i ks a nd
o t h e r r a c e s , t h e i r a p p e a r a n c e is n o t now v e r y d i f f e r e n t f r om t h e
o t h e r i n h a b i t a n t s of t h e pl a i ns , e x c e p t t h a t t h e y have no resem-
bl ance t o t h e Af ghans . The y a r e whol l y e n g a g e d i n a g r i c u l t u r e . Th e i r
Afghan nei ghbour s a f f e c t t o l ook down on them."
McGregor s a y s t h e y f or m s i x d i v i s i o n s , viz., Dumeh, Chaguni , Kuli,
Buzurg, Debazai, and Mal i kzai , and t h a t t h e f o u r l a s t a r e f o u n d
c h i e f l y i n Kunar a n d t h e S a f i v a l l e y s . ( E l p h i n s t o n e , Mc Gr e g o r ,
Jenkyns .)
DEHGAN KALA d i C j & d
34- 68-. A v i l l a g e in t h e u p p e r Kabul r i v e r val l ey, a b o u t 2-1/4
miles above J al r ez. The i n h a b i t a n t s a r e Taj i ks. ( Wanl i ss .) Re c e n t
maps show t h e spel l i ng Diwgan a t 34-27 68-37 m. (LWA)
DEHGAZ $ d
34-18 70-25 m. A v i l l a g e in t h e Cha pr i a r d i v i s i o n o f t h e Jal al abad
d i s t r i c t , s i t u a t e d on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Cha pr i a r s t r e a m, a b o u t
12 miles d u e s o u t h o f t h e t own of Jal al abad. I nha bi t a nt s : Mohmands.
(Jenkyns.1 Recent maps show t h e spel l i ng Degaz. (LWA)
DEH- I 4 d
Pl aces t h e names o f whi c h be gi n wi t h t h e word Deh f ol l owe d by t h e
Per si an i z a f a t a r e usual l y d e s c r i b e d u n d e r t h e s e c o n d wor d o f t h e i r
des i gnat i ons .
'DEH-I -DAULAT
&, A* >
33-32 68-11 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d some 10 miles west o f ~ h a z n i and
South of Shahbi dak.
CDEH-I-KHODAIDAD
.I\> j\& 4 J
33-31 68-27 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d a bout 3 miles s o u t h e a s t of Ghazni.
*Dm-I-MULLA ! 4. d~
33-33 68-19 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d a bout 5 m i l e s w e s t of Ghazni.
*Dm SABZ it- O J
34-32 69-12. Deh Sabz is a wol eswal i i n Kabul pr ovi nce. The wales-
wali c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 648 s qua r e ki l ome t e r s and ha s an agricul-
t ur a l popul at i on whi ch ha s been e s t i ma t e d a t about 18,500. Deh Sabz
is l oc a t e d nor t h of t h e Ci t y of Kabul and i nc l ude s about 48 vil-
l a ge s , of whi ch about 18 have more t ha n 500 i nhabi t ant s . The vil-
l a g e s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows: Tar ahkhel , Pul i Sangi, Qala-
i-Haji Mohmmad Af zal , Char Qala-i-Wazirabad, Qala-i-Musa, Deh Khu-
daidad, Deh Yahya, Kh waja Bughra, Khwaja Chasht , HutKhel, Wazirabad,
Paye Minar, Bak h t yar an, Qala-i-Shah Muhammad, Sha hi Qala, Kota Ha,
Deh Sabz-i-Khas, Qabil Bay, Kata Chah, Shai kho, Sang Ab, Bandi
K hana, Jar u, Ab Dara, Bar Abdara (Ab Dara-i-Ulya) , Abdara-i-Suf la,
Nawah, Qala-i-Rustam, Qala-i-G hulam Qader , Shor ab, Tang-i-G haru,
Kata Khel, Yaka Dar akht , Pul -i -Charkhi , Khwaja Rawash, Baba Quchqar,
Hazara-i-Bag hal f A l i K h el, Qala-i-Miran, Qala-i-Gagar, Sayed Hasan
Kharot i , Sur gai , AKh Bulandi, Akhal, Khwaja Ghar, Qala-i-Gul Muham-
mad, Qala-i-Mirza Zahi d, and Qala-i-Mirza Ahmad.
DEH SARAK dp- 6 2
A gr oup of vi l l ages cont ai ni ng about 80 or 90 s m a l l haml et s, between
Pes h Bolak and Kahi i n t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t . (I.B.C.)
*DEHYAK Or DEYAK 4 6~
33-31 68-38. Dehyak is t h e name of a vi l l age and an al aqadari in
t h e Ghazni pr ovi nce. The al aqadar i c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 736 square
k i l o me t e r s a nd h a s an a g r i c u l t u r a l p o p u l a t i o n wh i c h h a s been
var i ousl y es t i mat ed a t from 10, 895 t o 24,294.
The al aqadar i is bounded i n t h e w e s t by Ghazni , i n t h e nor t h by Zena
Khan, i n t h e s o u t h we s t by Andar, in t h e s o u t h e a s t by Sharan, and i n
t h e e a s t by Zurmat. D e Yak h a s about 53 vi l l a ge s , of whi ch 11 have
more t ha n 500 i nhabi t ant s . The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG as
f ol l ows: Wolunger, Alo Khel, Ata Moh'd Alo Khel, Miran, Balai, Paye
Loch, Pana Khoshk, Tason, Janabad, Deh Yek, Zaker, Ramak, Tanfer,
Robat, Rahmdel, Rostam, Ibrahi mzai , Rozi, Sar Andaz, Sanger, Sayed
Nazim, Shah Tur, Shah Khok, Shahabuddi n, ~ar ya- i - Ebad, ~a l a - i - ~a l i
Tor abaz, Qa l a - i - Se t e r ni , Qal a- i - Shadi , ~ a l a - i - S h uk of ~a l a - i - She r
Buz, Qal a- i - Sadu, Qala-i-Usman, Qala-i-Alam, ~a l a - i - Al i , ~ a r u k t
Yahya, Qala-i-Mulla, Qala-i-Mehtar, Qala-i-Hadah, Karim Dad, Kondur~
Kena Gonbad, Kod w a l (Gad01 Aziz), Le ghba t ( Laghwat ) , Pajak, Musts-
J er , Mulla Jani , Nasrat Ibrahi mzai , Niyaz Baba, Tapur, Manak, hash-
i k , Qashang, Warunger, Qala-i-Manak, Mohamad Hasan, and ~ a g i .
DERA-I-JAGARAON & A J
33- 69-. A vi l l age i n Khost , on t h e road from Matun t o ~ h a z n i -
I t s i nha bi t a nt s a r e sai d t o be "Jagaraons" and it is sai d t o be
ki l omet er s from Almerach and 7 ki l omet er s from Dhara. ( ~ennedy. 1
DERAO
$#
34- 69-.
A s m a l l vi l l age a t t h e we s t e r n end of t h e Abkhor def i l e
whi ch lies t o t h e e a s t of Burg in t h e Logar valley.
A atream of
e x c e l l e n t wat er comes i n h e r e from t h e nor t he a s t . (Col l et t . )
Recent
maps s how t h e name Dara a t 34-8 69-17. (LWA)
DEVERGROM See DIOGROM tVie J
$1 J
DHANI O r DAN1
33-36 70-6 m. A val l ey i n t h e h i l l s n o r t h o f Bak, i n Khos t , and
s o u t h we s t o f Jaji Maidan. I t is ope n, and i n it a r e s ome 1 3 vi l -
l a ge s of t h e Dhani J aj i s . The vi l l a ge s a r e wi t hout t o we r s , and t h e
hous e s a r e of s t one . (Carr.)
DHARA
-d -
33- 69-. Sai d t o b e a ha l t i ng pl ace, 4 ki l ome t e r s f r om Dera-i-
Jagraon t o wa r d s Gar dez, on t h e r oad f r om Matun i n Khos t t o G hazni .
(Kennedy.)
*DIBA
eJ
33-21 67-21 m. A vi l l a ge l o c a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Ar ghandab,
sout h west of t h e Das ht-i-Naw ar.
*DIDAK
d+J
33-39 68-38 m. A vi l l a ge n o r t h e a s t of Ghazni a bout ha l f wa y t o Nawa-
i-Kharwar.
DIHSAI Or DISI e d J
33-1 68-25 m. Al ar ge Andar i Ghi l zai vi l l a ge l yi ng a bout 50 miles
s out h o f Ghazni . Water pr ocur abl e. (I.B.C.)
DILA &J
32-36 68-2 m. A f o r t i n t h e Ghazni d i s t r i c t , on t h e l e f t bank of
t h e Ghazni r i ve r , near its c o n f l u e n c e wi t h t h e Ab-i-Istadah Lake. I t
is i nhabi t ed by a f e w f ami l i es of Kuduzai s, who own a s t r i p of
cul t i vat i on and a w e l l of good wat er . (Broad f oot . )
*DINARKHEL
Jp ) LJ
33-37 68-52 m. A vi l l a ge l o c a t e d s ome 6 m i l e s s o u t h o f Nawa-i-
Kharwar. Anot her pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d on t h e Wur Khwar,
about 6 miles n o r t h e a s t of Wur, a t 32-10 68-42 m.
DIOGROM Or DEVERGROM ($"J) t J a ~
35-23 70-59 G. El evat i on 8, 480 f e e t . A half-moon s h a p e d wal l ed vi l -
l age of 60 h o u s e s on t h e l e f t bank o f t h e Pr e s ungul i n Kaf i r i s t an,
about 79 miles above Chi gha Sarai . The r i ve r , c l o s e a t hand, r u n s i n
a shal l ow t r a nqui l s t r eam f o r d a b l e e ve r ywhe r e ; it is a bout 18 y a r d s
broad, and is s pa nne d by a good b r i d g e wi t h c onc a ve p a r a p e t s made
out of a s i n g l e l a r g e tree t r unk. The r e is a t owe r on t h e l e f t bank
a s h o r t d i s t a n c e from t h e vi l l a ge wa l l . The vi l l age is bui l t i n t h e
usual hal f s ubt e r r a ne a n Pr e s un way and h a s many p s h a l s , e s p e c i a l l y
on t h e s o u t h f ace. ( Rober t son. )
DIP1 See MANDRAWAR dJ
&, j1,J
DIRAZ KOL See DARAZ KOL
*DIWAL JL J
33-47 68-1 m. A vi l l a ge near t h e Shemel t u s t r eam, 2 miles s o u t h o f
Tukrik. Anot her vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is l o c a t e d on a s t r eam n o r t h
of t h e Kuh-i-Chaharband and s o u t h of t h e Kuh-i-Baba r a nge , a t 34-28
67-21 m.
*DIWALAK 4 1 % J
34-31 67-16 m. A vi l l a ge s o u t h we s t o f Qash and n o r t h e a s t o f Bala-
de h. Ot her vi l l a ge s wi t h t h i s name a r e l oc a t e d on t h e Nawa-i-Surkh-
jui, nor t h of Waras, a t 34-16 66-55 m.; on t h e Gardez-Kabul road,
some 6 miles nor t h of Kolangar, a t 34-10 69-5 m.; nor t h of Nauruzi
and s o u t h of t h e Khwaja Dur Khwaja Faqi r mountain, a t 33-3 67-47
m.; 2 miles nor t h of t h e Dara-i-Jelga a t 34-58 68-16 m.; and at 34-
31 67-16 m., 34-58 68-14 m., 34-32 68-13 m., and 34-58 68-16 m.
DIWAL BOLA See SHIBAR 4 JI, J
DIWAL KOL & J'# J
34-2 67-55 G. A l ong t agao i n t h e Besud count r y.
*DIWANA dfi J
34-40 71-1 m. A vi l l age near Bagh, s o u t h we s t of Narang in Paktya
pr ovi nce.
*DIWANA BABA 66 &I,J
35-54 71-19 m. A vi l l age on t h e Dara-i-Penghar, some 8 miles north-
w e s t of Peshawur in Kunar province.
*D I WLAK
,dl,, J
33-38 68-4 m. A vi l l age on t h e Dara-i-Yusuf, n o r t h e a s t of Gholi
Tal ab.
DI ZGI DARA 6~~ JJ
34- 68-. A t r i but a r y of t h e u p p e r Kabul r i ve r , whi ch it joins from
t h e s out h a bout 9 miles e a s t of t h e Unai pa s s , bei ng c r os s e d just
above t h e j unct i on by a wooden b r i d g e of 15 f e e t s pa n and 12 f eet
br oad, over whi ch g o e s t h e main Kabul-Herat r oad.
The st r eam is here
about 6 f e e t br oad and 6 i n c h e s de e p. The b r i d g e is pr act i cabl e for
f i e l d guns . (Wanliss.)
*DOAB VT J J
34-2 68-46 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e Ghazni-Kabul r oad, about 40 miles
n o r t h e a s t of G hazni .
DOABA rT J J
34-36 69-38 G. A val l ey l yi ng t o t h e e a s t of Goga Manda, through
whi ch t h e Kabul r i ve r f l ows j u s t b e f o r e r e c e i vi ng t h e waters of
Panj shi r and Tagao. (Holdich. )
DOABA
L;T J J
34- 68-. A vi l l a ge a t t h e nor t he r n mouth of t h e ~ a n g i wardak
d e f i l e , a l i t t l e t o t h e s o u t h e a s t of Shai khabad. I nhabi t ant s: War-
d a k s . (I.B.C.)
DOABA wT I J
35-5 69-14 G. A vi l l age in t h e Kohi st an of Kabul, a t t h e junction of
t h e Panj shi r and Ghorband r i ver s . ~ t - is gener al l y known a s ~oab- i -
Abdul Karim Khan. About 40 hous e s . I nhabi t ant s: Suf i s . There is a
f e r r y a t t h e j unct i on of t h e st r eams. (I.B.C.)
DOABI
T J? I'
34-46 67-46 m. A v i l l a g e on a t r i b u t a r y o f t h e ~ a r a - i - ~ i a l a i a ~ r
s o u t h we s t of Bamian. Anot her vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is on t h e Dara-
i - ~ i a g h , about 5 mi l es s out h of Ghar, a t 34-1 66-40 m.
D O~ - I - S HA H RADAM r
E r L t J J
34-57 66-32.
A c ol l e c t i on of haml et s i n t h e west of t h e yak Walang
d i s t r i c t , near Marghi, c o l l e c t i v e l y c o n t a i n i n g a b o u t 2 5 houses*
(A.B.C.)
DOAB KALA
L L L ~ ~ J) J
Thr ee smal l f o r t s , wi t h some c ul t i va t i on and g a r d e n s i n t h e be d of
t h e Ghor band val l ey, 8 miles above Cha ha r de h. Here t h e val l ey is
about 1 m i l e i n wi dt h, and is f o r t h e mos t p a r t o c c u p i e d by t h e
broad gr a ve l b e d s of t h e Lol i ng and Ghor band r i ve r s , whi c h u n i t e
j u s t bel ow Kala Doab. ( Peacocke. )
DOA I U'J
34- 66-. Four ha ml e t s i n t h e Yak Walang d i s t r i c t , s i t u a t e d near
Deh Sur kh on t h e Rud-i-Band-i-Amir, and c ont a i ni ng 2 5 f ami l i es o f
Hazar as. (A.B.C.)
DOAKAN See BAND-I-DOAKAN
DO-A0 >'> a
35-20 69-7 G. A da r a whi ch j oi ns t h e Sal ang Dara f r om t h e n o r t h we s t
a t about 7 miles s o u t h o f t h e Baj gah pas s . A t t h e j unc t i on t h e r e is
pl e nt y of room t o encamp on s ome c ul t i va t e d gr ound; g r a s s and wa t e r
pl e nt i f ul , b u t f ue l , o t h e r t h a n f r u i t trees, is s c a r c e . (I.B.C.)
DOBANDI 4%'
33-56 69-16 m. A vi l l a ge a t we s t e r n f o o t of t h e S h u t u r Gar dan p a s s ,
i nhabi t ed by a f e w f ami l i es o f Ghi l z a i s who, l i k e t h e h u t s t h e y
dwel l i n, a r e t h e p i c t u r e of a l l t h a t is f or l or n and wr e t c h e d . I t
lies on t h e r i g h t ba nk o f a nal a a nd on t h e r o a d . T h e r e is n o
camping gr ound f o r any f o r c e of more t h a n one r e gi me nt and t h e
pos i t i on is a ve r y bad o n e f o r any body of t r o o p s t o ha l t i n a t al l .
Suppl i e s , f o r a g e and f u e l a r e n o t pr oc ur a bl e wi t h o u t g r e a t d i f f i c u l -
t y, b u t wat er is pl e nt i f ul . (I.B.C. A s t r eam wi t h t h i s name is
l ocat ed a t 33-57 69-20 m., and a vi l l a ge a t 33-57 69-19 A. (LWA)
*DOBUKA &J
34-28 67-17 m. A vi l l a ge n o r t h we s t of I s h a r and s o u t h we s t o f Shi ni a
in Bamian pr ovi nce.
*DOBURJA -PC J
34-17 66-40 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e Nawa-i-Shagdiz, s o u t h o f As ghar at .
Anot her vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is near Raqol on a t r i but a r y o f t h e
Band-i-Amir, a t 34-40 67-11 m.
*DODAMAST - J +
34-34 69-1 m. A vi l l a ge one m i l e n o r t h we s t of t h e Band-i-Qargha, on
t he way from Kabul t o Paghman.
*DOGHA 4~
33-2 67-46 m. A vi l l a ge n o r t h e a s t of Kaf t ar khana and w e s t of Nauru-
z i .
DOGHABAD AJt, 4
34- 69-. A smal l wal l ed vi l l a ge 2 m i l e s from t h e Bala Hi s s ar of
Kabul, on t h e e a s t s i d e of t h e ~ h a r a s i a r oad. The wal l - f aces me a s ur e
300 f eet and t h e pl a c e c ont a i ns 30 hous e s . I nhabi t ant s : Ki zi l bashes.
(Kennedy, I.B.c.)
DOGHOR See JUI MIR HAZAR &a
DOKAN "6,
34-40 67-53. A p a s s ove r t h e Band-i-Baba a t t h e head of t h e Sai da-
bad Tagao, whi ch r u n s nor t h t o Bamian. (Maitland.)
*DOKANI $a, J
34-44 67-51 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e Dara-i-Kakrak, s ome 6 miles sout h
o f Bamian.
DOKUI ~ J J
33- 68-. A vi l l a ge s i t u a t e d 40 m i l e s s o u t h o f Ghazni , and in t he
e l e va t e d and mount ai nous t r a c t l yi ng b e t we e n t h a t pl a c e and Lake ~ b -
i - I st adah. ( Thor nt on. )
DOKUI cdJJ
32-53 68-6 m. A f o r t i n t h e Ghi l zai c ount r y, on a r oad from Pannah
t o Adin Khel. I t is a f o r t of t h e Shi nukz a i s . (Broad f oot . )
DOLA
A s ubdi vi s i on of t h e Bacha-i-Ghulam c l a n of Dai Zangi.
DOLA I J J J
35- 71-. A p a s s i n t h e Uc hi r i r a nge , ove r whi c h a pa t h l e a ds from
Nari, i n t h e Kunar val l ey, i n t o Baraul. (I.B.C.)
*DOLANA L Y ~ J
33-5 67-28 m. A vi l l a ge l o c a t e d on a t r i but a r y o f t h e Arghandab
r i ve r , a f e w miles s o u t h we s t o f J a ghor i .
DOQAD 4 J
34-33 67-7 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e Tar apas s t r e a m, a t r i but a r y of t he
Dara-i-Mur, s o u t h e a s t of t h e Kotal-i-G ha r g hara.
DOSA
A s e c t i o n of J i r g h a i Besudi s.
DOSH A bJ
34-10 70-37 G. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Pe s h Bolak di vi s i on of t h e Jalala-
bad d i s t r i c t , 6 miles t o t h e s o u t h we s t of Bat i kot . The i nhabi t ant s
a r e Ti r ai s. ( Jen kyns. )
DOSHANA I +JJ
32-20 68-17 m. A vi l l a ge e a s t of t h e Shi nka i Ghar and west of
Bal awr i .
DOSTAM KHEL See FIRAJ A*J
DOSTBEG & ~ J J
34- 46 67- 44 m. A v i l l a g e on t h e Dar a- i - Si al ai ak, s ome 7 mi l es
sout h w e s t of Bamian.
WSTDAR
A s e c t i o n of t he Daul at pai Besudi s.
DOSTDAR
,I&, J
34- 68-. A vi l l a ge on t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e Helmand, about 3 miles
a bove Farak hulm. (Wanliss. )
DOTANI i k J J
A t r i b e of Powi ndahs , d i v i d e d i n t o t h e f ol l owi ng s e c t i ons :
1. Irladu Khel 4. Sado Khel
2. Ibrahi m 5. Hasan Khel
3. Badin Khel 6. Bana Khel
7. Umanzai 8. Sa nki z a i
9. Nuso Khel
Thi s is one of t h e r i c h e s t Powi ndah t r i b e s ; t h e y c h i e f l y br i ng s i l k
"pashm," c a r p e t s , and "char as. " They a r e s omet i mes s p o k e n o f a s
~ o h a n i .
The Dot ani s a r e s a i d t o be a bl e t o mus t e r s ome 2, 500 f i g h t i n g men,
- - -
but of t h i s number a t l e a s t 1, 000 a r e e i t h e r per manent l y,
o r - semi-
permanent l y, s e t t l e d wi t hi n t h e Br i t i s h bor de r , and o f t h e r emai nder
nearl y a l l p a s s t h r o u g h t h e Gumal twice a year wi t h ka f i l a s t o and
from Af gani s t an.
~t is t o be not e d t h a t f o r pe a c e or war t h e Dot ani and Sulaiman ~ h e l
a r e one. Se ve r a l h u n d r e d s o f Sulaiman Khel ha ve be e n ki l l e d f i g h t i n g
t h e ba t t l e s o f t h e ~ o t a n i s a g a i n s t t h e Ahmadzai Wazi rs ove r t h e Wano
lands amongst them t h e f a t he r of Muhammad Akram, one of t h e l eadi ng
Sulaiman Khel mal i ks of t h e s e pa r t s . A s l a t e a s Oct ober 1894 t h e
al l i ed army of t h e Powi nda hs i nc l udi ng 1, 800 Dot ani s and 19, 000
Sulaiman Khel, c o l l e c t e d a t Warshak wi t h t h e i nt e nt i on o f r avagi ng
Wano and t he n at t acki ng t h e Mahsuds.
To unde r s t a nd t h e r e l a t i ons be t we e n t h e t wo p a r t i e s t h a t ga ve r i s e
t o t h i s p r o j e c t e d t or a h it w i l l b e n e c e s s a r y t o g o back a little i n
t h e h i s t o r y of t h e t r i b e s c h i e f l y c onc e r ne d. I n bygone times t h e
Wano val l ey was i n p o s s e s s i o n of t h e Dot ani s. About 1840 t h e Ahmad-
zai s, who were t h e n a nomad t r i b e moved from t h e i r s e t t l e me n t s i n
Margha and Birmal t o Wano and obt ai ned a f o o t i n g i n t h e val l ey,
par t l y by f o r c e and pa r t l y by oc c upyi ng l and i n t h e c a pa c i t y of
mor t gages. In t h e c o u r s e o f t i m e al mos t t h e whol e val l ey had come
i nt o t h e i r ha nds . Some 30 ye a r s l a t e r t h e Dot ani s, wi t h t h e ai d o f
t h e Sulaiman Khel , who t h e ms e l v e s cl ai med gr a z i ng r i g h t s i n Wano,
made a d e s p e r a t e a t t e mp t t o r e c ove r p o s s e s s i o n o f t h e val l ey. A
f i e r c e f i g h t e n s u e d , i n whi c h t h e i nva de r s were wo r s t e d and l o s t
heavi l y. The s c e n e o f t h e f i g h t s , ol d Dot ani Kot ha s be e n a r ui n
e ve r s i nce. Af t e r t h i s t h e r e was a c h r o n i c d i s p u t e be t we e n t h e
Ahmadzais on t h e one hand and t h e Dot ani s and Sulaiman Khel on t h e
ot he r , about t h e p o s s e s s i o n of l a nde d and gr a z i ng r i g h t s i n Wano. I n
t h e autumn of 1893 a di s put e ar ose bet ween t h e Ahmadzais and Dotanis
r e s pe c t i ng t h e r i g h t t o a c e r t a i n " kar ez" known a s Mir Khan. I n t h e
f i g h t whi ch e ns ue d t h e Ahmadzai s ki l l e d a number o f Dot ani s and
demol i shed t h e i r f o r t i f i e d vi l l a ge (new Dot ani Kot).
In c ons e que nc e of t h i s t h e Dot ani s and Sulaiman Khel de t e r mi ne d t o
make a j oi nt a t t a c k on t h e Ahmadzai s o f Wano on t h e i r way back t o
Khorasan. on r e c e i vi ng i nf or mat i on of t h i s t h e Ci vi l a u t h o r i t i e s i n
Dera Ismail Khan, summoned a j i r ga of Sulaiman Khel , Dot ani and
Ahmadzai Maliks, wi t h a vi ew t o pr e ve nt i ng r e p r i s a l s and br i ngi ng
a bout i f p o s s i b l e an a mi c a bl e a r r a n g e me n t b e t we e n t h e h o s t i l e
tribes. The Ahmadzais ultimately agr eed t o pay hloodmoney or compen-
sat i on f o r t h e Dot ani s t h e y had ki l l e d and t o r e bui l d t h e vi l l a ge
t he y had de mol i s he d. On r e c e i vi ng a s a t i s f a c t o r y a s s u r a n c e of t h i s
t h e Dot ani s and Sulaiman Khel pr omi s ed t o r e f r a i n f r om f u r t h e r
hos t i l i t i e s . In t h e summer of 1894, howe ve r , t h e Dot ani s were agai n
a t t a c ke d by t h e Ahmadzai s a t Tat ai on t h e Wano Toi, wh e r e t h e y had
hal t ed on t h e i r r e t u r n t o t h e i r summer qua r t e r s . In t h i s r ai d t h e
Dotanis l o s t s e ve n men ki l l e d and had 120 c o ws l o o t e d a s w e l l . Th e
Dotanis t h e r e u p o n de t e r mi ne d t o e x a c t r e v e n g e f o r t h i s unpr ovoke d
a t t a c k, and a c c or di ngl y a p p r o a c h e d t h e i r a l l i e s , t h e Sulaiman Khel ,
with a view t o t h e i r t a ki ng j oi nt a c t i on a g a i n s t t h e Wanowals dur i ng
the ensuing cold weat her.
The Sulaiman Khel not onl y a g r e e d t o s u p p o r t t hem, b u t de t e r mi ne d t o
g e t UP a coal i t i on o f a l l t h e Powi ndah t r i b e s f o r t h e pur pos e . Th e
torah c ol l e c t e d in Oct ober , a s s t a t e d above, b u t t h e Br i t i s h Commis-
si oner wi t h t h e Af g han-Wazir boundar y del i mi t at i on pa r t y war ned t h e
army a g a i n s t commi t t i ng h o s t i l i t i e s i n Wano, whi c h was t h e n
unde r our pr ot e c t i on and was s h o r t l y t o b e oc c upi e d by our t r o o p s .
The proj ect ed at t ack was accordi ngl y checked and t h e host i l e gather-
i ng s h o r t l y a f t e r wa r d s d i s p e r s e d . Thi s mat t er is f u r t h e r r ef er r ed to
unde r " ~owi nda h. " (Carr, ~ i n g . )
DOZAN & J
35- 69-. A f o r t i n t h e Kohi st ar, of Kabul, on t h e r i g h t bank of t he
Barik ab st r eam. ( Pot t i nger . )
DRE KALA Or DRE KHOLE (+)% &J
34-1 69-39 m. A vi l l age a t t h e mouth of t h e Hazar dar akht def i l e
about 9 m i l e s n o r t h we s t from A l i Khel, and 6 miles nor t he a s t from
J aj i Thana. The r e is room f o r a br i ga de t o bi vouac her e, but no
s u p p l i e s a r e pr ocur abl e.
From Dre Kala a t r a c k s ai d t o be pr a c t i c a bl e f o r hor semen and laden
mules, l e a d s over t h e Mula Khak p a s s i nt o t h e Sur khab valley.
(I.B.C.) Recent maps s how t h e s pe l l i ng D r e Khole. (LWA)
DRE PLARA d,& &J
A val l ey s i t ua t e d a t t h e head of t h e Kurram r i ve r , bet ween Hazar-
d a r a k h t and t h e Shut ur Gardan pas s . I t is sai d t o be 6 kilometers
l ong, and t o cont ai n t wo f o r t s wi t h 120 h o u s e s and 400 f i ght i ng men.
If t h e r e is a val l ey of t h i s name, it seems s t r a n g e t h a t Lumsden
d o e s not ment i on it, a s h e went from Hazar dar akht over t h e Shutur
Gardan pas s . (Ag ha Abbas.)
DUBELA
4'
34-27 70-30. Two vi l l a ge s i n t h e Besud di vi s i on of t h e Jalalabad
d i s t r i c t on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Kabul r i ver , near l y oppos i t e Jalal-
abad. I nhabi t ant s: Dehgans and Tajik s. ( Jen kyns.)
DUKANI $a? J
34- 67-. A vi l l age in t h e Bamian d i s t r i c t , s i t ua t e d in t h e Saiyid-
abad g l e n , and c o n t a i n i n g 80 f a mi l i e s o f Sa y y i d s a nd Hazaras.
(A.B.C.)
DULGHA
34- 67-. A pas s over t h e Band-i-Baba.
*DUMBA bJ
34-57 68-58 m. A vi l l age near Chapqol , on a t r i but a r y of t h e Ghor-
band.
+\ - 2
DUMB-I -USHTAR
35- 67-. A pa s s c r o s s e d by t h e Maidan-i-Pai ~ o t a l - - ~ a z a r - i - ~ h a r i f
road a t a bout 10 miles s out h of t h e Dandan Shi kan pass. The road f or
a s h o r t di s t a nc e of e i t h e r s i d e of t h e summit is t oo s t e e p for
camel s . (I.B.C.)
DUNAI
~ J J
34-46 71-5 m. A pl ace o p p o s i t e t o Narang in t h e Kunar vauey*
(Coldstream. ) Anot her vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is on t h e ~ u r i s t a ~
st r eam, about 7 miles s out h of Mandol, a t 35-13
70-10 m. ( LWA)
DUE ANA Or DANGANA
&CJ
35-21 69-30 m.
A vi l l age in t h e Par andev Dara about 3 miles above
its j u n c t i o n wi t h t h e Pa n j s h i r . ~t c o n t a i n s s ome 8 f ami l i es of
Ta j i ks . (1.B.c.)
DUNGUL
&, J
35-17 71-22. A val l ey de s c e ndi ng s o u t h and de bouc hi ng i nt o t h e
Kunar a s hor t di st ance below Chandak.
From Kamdesh (6, 020 f e e t ) i n t h e Bas hgul val l ey a r oad r uns s o u t h
f or 3 m i l e s t o t h e t o p of a p a s s (10,300 f e e t ) a t t h e head of t h e
Dungul, and t h e n wi nds down t h e l a t t e r by an e xt r e me l y r ough r oad,
t h e s l o p e s of t h e hi l l s bei ng t h i c k l y c ove r e d wi t h d e o d a r s and
pi nes. A t 8 3/4 m i l e s a r e t h e r ui ns of a Kafir f o r t cal l ed Azharbai ,
and h e r e t h e Azharbai val l ey br i ngs its t o r r e n t down from t h e e a s t .
A t r ack t o Kamu is s ai d t o l ead up it. A t 10 miles t h e r oad r uns
t hr ough an e xt r a or di na r y narrow d e f i l e , wi t h p r e c i p i t o u s c l i f f s
nearly 1,000 f e e t hi gh. To t h e west r uns a g o r g e a f e w y a r d s wi de,
from t op t o bot t om of t h e mi ght y c l i f f s it pi e r c e s .
"The l owe r p a r t
of t h e Dungul is s a i d t o be e a s i e r t ha n t h e u p p e r par t . It coul d not
well be worse. The whol e val l ey is e xt r a or di na r i l y s t r o n g , aboundi ng
in de f e ns i ve pos i t i ons and t h e d e n s e f o r e s t whi ch Kaf i r s l ove t o war
i n.
"To t h e w e s t of t h e Dungul val l ey, a mountain r i d g e was s hown m e ,
beyond whi ch t h e Waigul was de c l a r e d t o be." ( Rober t son. ) A s t r eam
wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 32-6 69-26 G. (LWA)
DUNNI See KHOST 2J
*DUNNI See DONA1
jJ
* DU RAN "'a J
32-48 69-17 m. A vi l l age s o u t h e a s t of Urgun and e a s t of Sar obi i n
Paktia pr ovi nce.
DURANI
For a de s c r i pt i on of t h i s t r i b e , see "Volume 5."
DURANI KALA Or DORANAY
( j l J J ) L.b j I UJ
34-17 68-49 m. A vi l l age on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Kabul r i ver ,
about t wo miles s o u t h of t h e bend whi ch t h a t river makes nor t hwa r ds
t owar ds Laladar. It is 29 miles from Kabul on t h e r oad t o Ghazni .
Ther e is pl ent y of s p a c e f o r a campi ng gr ound he r e , and ampl e good
water from a st r eam near by. About 2 1/2 miles below t h e vi l l age
t h e Kabul r i ve r is c r o s s e d by an e a s y f o r d , 18 i n c h e s d e e p i n April;
her e al s o t h e r e are t h e remai ns of a masonry br i dge . A r oad comes i n
a t Durani Kala from Hi sar ak, vi a t h e Sur kh Bedak pa s s , 23 m i l e s .
( I .B.C.)
*DUR BABA ( J >) 66 uJ
34-2 70-45. Dur Baba is a vi l l age and an al aqadar i i n Nangar har
province. The al aqadar i , whi ch c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 427 s q u a r e
ki l omet er s, has an a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on t h a t ha s been es t i mat ed
a t from 2,875 t o 12, 800. The al aqadar i is bounded i n t h e w e s t by
Achin and Naziyan, in t h e nor t h by Loye Shi nwar and Mohmand Dara, i n
t h e e a s t and s o u t h by t h e St a t e of Paki st an. Dur Baba ha s a bout 31
vi l l ages, 9 of whi ch have more t ha n 500 i nhabi t ant s . The vi l l ages
ar e l i s t e d i n t h e PG as f ol l ows: La1 Mandi, Lalmi Kalay, Baru Khula,
Dwa Nazian Khul a, Karmo Khel , A l i Koh, Kara Pa, Ts a pa r i , Badi n
Kahy, Munda Ti, Nakht ar Naw, Shol gar , Sur kando, Torlala, Tora, Dur
Baba, Omar Khel, Pakha Mina, Shi nkai Ger di , Qasaba, Sof i , Chenar ,
Sasobi, Zala Darband, Khosa Changai , Darbi Chi na, Tawda Chi na,
Inzar, Galoko, and Noar gossi .
*DURKOTKI & JJJ
33-17 69-51 m. A vi l l age in host, about hal f way bet ween ~ a n i and
Matun host).
DUR NAMA &k JJ
35-29 69-50 m. A dar a or r avi ne whi ch r uns i n t o t h e Panj shi r from
t h e nor t hwest a t 2 miles above Dasht-i-Rewat. The road t o t h e Khawak
p a s s t u r n s up t h i s dar a f o r a s h o r t di s t a nc e , and t h e r e is a path
pr act i cabl e onl y f o r men on f oot , whi ch l e a d s up t h e dar a and over
t h e Wakhe Koh i nt o Nuri st an. I.B.C. A pl ace wi t h t h i s name is
l oc a t e d a t 35-4 69-30 m. (LWA)
*DURRANI U'J J
33-40 69-24 m. A vi l l age e a s t of t h e r oad from Gar dez t o Mirzaka,
about hal f way be t we e n t h e t wo pl aces . A mountain wi t h t h i s name is
l oc a t e d near I br ahi mkhel , n o r t h we s t of Baraki Barak in Logar prov-
i nce, a t 33-59 68-53 m.
*DUZDQOt & J,J
34-27 68-52 m. A vi l l age on a pa t h from Kota-i-Ashro t o Arghandeh,
about halfway between t h e t wo places.
DWA GUMAL See GUHAL
EHS I AR
A smal l t r i b u t a r y of t he Turkoman Dara.
EJAN ( Or EJ RAN) (&') A'
35- 69-. A dar a dr ai ni ng e a s t wa r d s i nt o t h e Salang Dara which it
j oi ns about 12 1/4 miles above Parwan. A r oad r uns up t h e Ejan Dara,
over t h e Salang Kotal, i nt o t h e Khinjan valley. (I.B.C.)
EJRAN See EJ AN
EMILAH 4'
34- 69-. A vi l l age in t h e Koh Daman of Kabul, one m i l e from Ista-
l i f . The pr i nc i pa l f i g h t i n g i n Gener al MacCaski l l ' s st ormi ng of
I s t a l i f t ook pl ace a t t h i s vi l l age, most of t h e enemy r e t i r i ng t o i t
and making a bol d s t a nd wi t hi n it. (Stacy.) Recent maps show t he
name Mahala, a t 34-50 69-6 m.
EN AM
34-6 68-54 m. A vi l l age about 1 m i l e s o u t h e a s t of Shul ak and some
4 miles n o r t h we s t of Babus.
ERGANA Or YERGANA
Jx'
33-39 68-2 m. A small vi l l age i n Kharwar, cont ai ni ng 20 houses of
Ghi l zai s. Se e "Ao Daka (I)." (Gri esbach. ) Anot her pl ace with t hi s
name is about 12 miles w e s t of Sai ghan, a t 35-11
67-28 m. ( LWA)
* ERGANAK
34-14 66-47 m. A vi l l age nor t h of t h e Nawa-i-Waras, west of t he
vi l l age of Waras.
*ERGIN
A'
34-35 67-23 m. A vi l l age s o u t h we s t of t h e Kuh-i-Boro, and sout heast
of Dara.
EWAZ . KALA &@
A v a a q e in t h e Sur khab d i s t r i c t of t h e j dal abad di s t r i c t , &out a
m i l e n&t he a s t of Sul t anpur . ~n h a b i t a n t s : Ghi l zai s. ( ~e nkyns . )
EZDARI
A da s t a , or s u b d i s t r i c t , of t h e J aghur i Hazaras.
*FAIZI 4
34-17 67-16 m. A vi l l age on t h e Tagab-i -Sagsukht a, a t its conf l u-
ence wi t h t h e Qol-i-Tsuitaman.
.A>
FAKI RAK
34-46 68-25 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Qol-i-Khesh,
sout hwest of Asheq.
*FAKI RAN
" '9
34-9 67-44 m. A vi l l age on a t r i but a r y of t h e Garmab, s o u t h e a s t of
Qaraqol. Anot her pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is on t h e Marg har ud, 2 m i l e s
nor t h of Dandai, a t 32-44 69-17 m.
FAKIR KALA
Lr Ji l r j i
33- 68-. A f o r t i n Zurmat, be t we e n Gar dez and Kalalgu, f o u r march-
e s from t h e former. I t is a l a r g e walled vi l l age wi t h s i x t owe r s .
I nhabi t ant s: Sulaiman Khel Ghi l zai s. The r e a r e h e r e a l l k i n d s of
s uppl i e s ne c e s s a r y f o r an army. I t is wat er ed by t h e Kalalgu s t r eam,
and has a l s o t h r e e kar ez. (I.B.C.) Ot he r pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name are
l ocat ed a t 32-38 67-26 G. and 32-42 68-35 A.
FAKIR KHEL A+
34- 69-. A vi l l age i n t h e Hi sarak s ubdi vi s i on of t h e Jal al abad
di s t r i c t . The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Shi nwar i s. (Jenkyns. )
FARAJ See FIRAJ $9
FARAJGHAN (& e)) "L c')
35-12 69-41 G. A vi l l age a t t h e head of t h e Al i shang val l ey, 123
miles nor t he a s t of Kabul.
I t lies a t a g r e a t el evat i on, and cul t i vat i on is c a r r i e d on wi t h
di f f i cul t y. I t is a bout 94 m i l e s from Jalalabad by t h e Al i shang
valley. I t is t h e mart of we s t e r n Nur i st an, and c o n s i s t s of 400
h o u s e s o f Hazar as , s i t u a t e d i n t h e pl a i n. Wat er a b u n d a n t f r om
st reams. I nt e r c our s e bet ween t h e Kaf i r s and Musalmans is c a r r i e d on
by t he Nimchas of Darband.
Farajghan can be reached by t h r e e r out e s from Kabul:
1. Via t he Pachigan v a l l e y
2. " t he Ni j r ao and Dara-i-Fota
3. I' Ghani and I s hpi
The above di s t a nc e has, Col onel St e wa r t t h i n k s , been ove r s t a t e d.
I t
cannot be more t ha n 75 o r 80 miles, a s t h e j our ney is done i n f o u r
days by h o r s e s and in s i x da ys by bul l ocks. ( Leech, St ewar t . ) The
Pass wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 35-5 69-50 A. ( LWA)
FARAKHOLAM See FARAKHULM
+'j
FARARHULM el9
34-29 68-6. Two Besud Hazara vi l l ages on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e
Helmund, about 6 1/2 miles below Gardan Di wa l .
FARAKSHA 4 k t )
One of t h e f our val l eys of Nijrao, i nhabi t ed by Taj i ks and "Pa-
sheis."
FARASH &'j
A s e c t i on of t h e J a gha t u Hazaras payi ng r e ve nue t o Ghazni. A
v i l l a g e wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 34-28 66-29 m.
FAR1 NJAL d-j
34-59 68-42 A. A vi l l age i n t h e Ghorband val l ey, 6 1/2 miles west
of Chahar Deh. I t c ont a i ns a bout 80 f ami l i es of Taj i ks possessi ng
some f l oc k and 400 head of c a t t l e , and is s ur r ounde d by walled
e nc l os ur e s , ga r de ns , or c ha r ds , etc. The r e is room t o encamp on t he
l e f t bank of t h e st r eam, and from t h e o p p o s i t e bank a f l a t t er r ace
p r o j e c t s on t o p of whi ch is t h e smal l vi l l age of Khal Beg Kala. This
t e r r a c e af f o r d s a good, t h o u g h small, pos i t i on f o r cl os i ng t h e val-
l ey, and coul d be he l d by one or t wo br i ga de s .
About 2 1/2 m i l e s w e s t of Far i nj al is a l ead mine, whi ch had not
been wor ked f o r s o l ong a pe r i od t h a t its e x i s t e n c e was unknown t o
t h e nei ghbour i ng i nha bi t a nt s , unt i l r e di s c ove r e d by Dr.Lord. The ore
is ver y abundant and val uabl e, bei ng a r i c h s u l p h u r a t e of l ead. Lord
obs e r ve s t h a t t h e s h a f t d e s c e n d e d 100 f e e t pe r pe ndi c ul a r bef or e it
r e a c he d t h e or e , and t h a t " t h e ga l l e r i e s have been r un, and t he
s h a f t s s unk wi t h a d e g r e e of s k i l l t h a t d o e s no little c r e d i t t o t he
e ngi ne e r i ng knowl e dge of t h e age. " H e f u r t h e r r emar ks t h a t t he
di al l i ng ( as a Corni shman would c a l l it) "s howed an acquaintance
wi t h t h e lie of t h e mi neral and t h e l e v e l a t whi ch t h e y had arri ved,
t h a t coul d s c a r c e l y be e x c e e d e d i n t h e p r e s e n t day." So ext ensi ve
were t h e workings t ha t Lord employed t hr e e hour s in exploring them,
y e t wi t hout a s c e r t a i ni ng t h e i r f u l l e x t e n t . In 1886 t h e r e was a
colony of 300 workmen her e i n huts: Turkomans and Parsa Hazaras. The
or e is s mel t ed a t site, f i r ewood bei ng b r o u g h t from t h e ~a hn- i -
Turkoman: t h e e n t i r e Ghur band val l ey is d e s t i t u t e of any timber for
f ue l , e x c e p t f r u i t t r e e s . ( Peacocke, Lor d, I.B.C.)
FARINJAL DARA 4, J &j
35- 68-. A gl e n dr ai ni ng s o u t h wa r d s from t h e Tawa Kotal, in t he
Hindu Kush, t o t h e Ghorband val l ey, whi ch it j oi ns about 2 1/2 miles
t o t h e w e s t of Far i nj al vi l l age. 1t is a narrow gl en, i s s ui ng from
among ver y br oken cl ay hi l l s , and is some 18 o r 20 miles in l engt h.
A pa t h l e a d s u p t h e gl e n and over t h e Tawa Kotal; in t h e gl en t he
pa t h is sai d t o be e a s y f o r pack-animals, b u t t h e kot a l i t s e l f i s
onl y f i t f o r men on f oot . (I.B.C.)
*FARMAN r j L j
34-40 69-49 m. A vi l l age on a st r eam, nor t h- nor t he a s t of Sarobi.
FARMANKHEL & ~j'd
34-32 70-13 m. A vi l l age near Aghr abat (Mehterlam) i n Laghman
pr ovi nce.
FAROBAL dd
35-18 69-30. A vi l l age i n t h e u p p e r Panj s hi r gl en, s i t ua t e d On t he
l e f t bank of t h e st r eam, some 2 miles below Bazarak, and inhabited
by 80 f ami l i es of Taj i ks. ( Shahzada Taimus.)
FARUKHSHAH KHEL
4 L $
34- 70- A v i l l a g e i n t h e J al al abad d i s t r i c t , a b o u t 12 miles
s out h w e s t of ~ a t i k ot . The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Ti rai s. ( Jen kyns.)
FARZA
9'
34-46 69-3 G.
A l a r g e vi l l age 22 miles n o r t h we s t of Kabul, 4 mi l e s
s out h of I s t a l i f . I t is s i t ua t e d a t t h e e a s t e r n bas e of t h e paghman
r ange, on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Far za r avi ne. The headman o f t h i s
l ocal i t y was Mir Arab Sha h, Taj i k, br ot her - i n- l aw t o M i r Bachha, t h e
not or i ous c h i e f who s h o we d s u c h de t e r mi ne d h o s t i l i t y t o t h e Br i t i s h
i n 1879-80, and a f t e r wa r d s became a r e f u g e e wi t h t h e Shi nwar i s . Mir
Arab Shah was hi ms el f mos t a c t i v e i n h i s h o s t i l i t y t o wa r d s us , and
br ought e ve r y avai l abl e man wi t h him f r om Far za f o r t h e a t t a c k on
Sher pur . The l a n d s a r e ve r y f e r t i l e , e v e r y t h i n g i n t h e s h a p e o f
f i e l d- pr oduc e , and f r u i t t h r i v i n g , wi t h t h e e x c e p t i o n of g r a p e s ,
whi ch d o n o t gr ow he r e . A r oa d, f i t onl y f o r f o o t p a s s e n g e r s and
hor semen, r u n s u p t h e Far za Dara t o t h e Kachi n Kot al and t h e n down
t h e Fi nduki s t a n Dara t o t h e Ghor band val l ey. (A.B.C., I.B.C.)
FATEHABAD
.'&T 9
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge i n Kat s Laghman, a bout 1 1/2 m i l e f r om t h e
nor t he r n f o o t o f t h e Dar unt a pa s s . A little beyond t h e vi l l a ge is a
s m a l l ga r de n l a i d o u t wi t h much c a r e and taste, near t h e f o r t of
Bahram Khan. Thi s vi l l a ge is a l s o known a s Kala-i-Fateh Muhammad.
The gr ound on whi ch t h e vi l l a ge s t a n d s is w e l l c u l t i v a t e d and a ppa r -
ent l y o p e n and t r a ve r s a bl e , b u t i n r e a l i t y s o d e e p l y i n t e r s e c t e d by
wa t e r c ut s f o r i r r i ga t i on a s t o be al mos t i mpr a c t i c a bl e f o r caval r y.
A f o r c e of 200 k h a s a d a r s is q u a r t e r e d i n t h e vi l l age. ( Hol dr i c h,
I.B.C.)
FATEHABAD JP 9
34-22 70-14 m. El evat i on 2, 550 f e e t . A vi l l a ge of 300 h o u s e s ,
about 1 5 miles s o u t h we s t o f Jal al abad. Th e i n h a b i t a n t s a r e Taj i ks ,
p o s s e s s i n g (i n 1904) a b o u t 1, 000 head of c a t t l e . Th e r e a r e 1, 400
j ar i bs of l and u n d e r c ul t i va t i on, yi e l di ng an annual p r o d u c e o f
about 50, 000 I ndi an maunds of whe a t and bar l ey; c o t t o n , rice and
many p u l s e s a r e a l s o gr own. Land-t ax is a s s e s s e d a t t h e r a t e o f 1 5
kr ans p e r jarib. Water ampl e f r om s p r i n g s , r a vi ne s , etc., t h r o u g h o u t
t h e year. Fo d d e r f o r 7, 000 ani mal s f o r one da y is pr oc ur a bl e f r om
Fat ehabad and ne i ghbour hood. Fue l a l s o obt ai nabl e.
Fat ehabad is t h e pl a c e whe r e t h e s i x o u t of t h e s e v e n l a s t s ur vi -
v o r s o f t h e Kabul ma s s a c r e were k i l l e d i n 1 8 4 2 , a n d i n its
nei ghbour hood an a c t i on was f o u g h t on t h e 2nd Apr i l 1879, b e t we e n
t h e Br i t i s h and t h e Khugi ani s, i n whi c h Major Wigram Bat t ye, of t h e
Gui des Caval ry, was ki l l ed. For a d e t a i l e d a c c ount of t h i s a c t i o n
see t h e " Of f i ci al Hi s t or y of t h e Second Af gha n War." ( Wanl i ss,
Johns t on. )
FATEH KALA Ub C;i
33- 69-. A vi l l a ge 1 1/2 miles n o r t h e a s t o f ~ i r z a k a i Kotal, on t h e
road t o Kurram. (I.B.C.)
FATEH KHEL &$
33- 69-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e u p p e r Logar val l ey c l o s e t o t h e vi l l a ge
of Mangu Khel. Th e s e t wo vi l l a ge s a r e i nha bi t e d by Ast anazai Ghi l -
zai s and be t we e n t hem number 100 f ami l i es. Si t uat i on be t we e n t h e
v i l l a g e s o f Hi s a r a k a n d ~ n i s a i a d a m. ( C l i f f o r d , Euan Smi t h. ) A
vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 33-28
69-3 G. (LWA)
FATHU KALA &,A
34-26 69-8 m. A l a r g e vi l l a ge i n t h e Cha r de h val l ey, s t a n d i n g on
t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Kabul r i ve r , be t we e n 1nda ki a nd ~ i s h k h o r .
I nhabi t ant s: Gadi Hazaras. About 100 hous e s . (1.B.C.)
*FATHU KATS @+
34-20 70-3 m. A vi l l a ge 2 m i l e s s o u t h of t h e Su r k h r u d , near Shai -
khan.
FAULADI Or POLADA
One of o r i g i n a l t r i b e s of Hazaras.
FAZ IL BEG KALA -Jj&&ri
34-32 69-6. A vi l l age in t h e Cha r de h val l ey, about 2 miles south-
west of Aoshar. The r e a r e onl y 60
h o u s e s i n t h i s vi l l age. (Kennedy.)
*FAZLI TANA
33-58 69-30 m. A vi l l age on a st r eam w e s t of Al i khel .
FINDUKISTAN
34-59 68-51 G. A val l ey t r i but a r y t o t h e Ghorband. I t s name means
" t h e pl a c e of f i l ber t s. " Se e Si ahgi r d.
F IRADOLI J ~ ' j
34-48 70-2 m. A vi l l age on a t r i but a r y of t h e Al i shang, nor t hwest
of Al i shang .
FIRAJ Or FARAJ c'j
35-12 68-21 G. A t hal f a m i l e below Anaba t h e r oad down t h e Panj-
s h i r gl e n c r o s s e s t o l e f t of t h e st r eam, and t h e n a s c e n d s t h e Garda
Chat ha, wi ndi ng up t h e low hi l l s bor de r i ng t h e gl en. The t op is
r e a c h e d a t 1 1/2 m i l e s f r om Anaba, t h e n t h e r e is a r a t h e r bad
d e s c e n t t o a r avi ne, up whi ch t h e r oad t u r n s t o t h e l e f t .
Thi s is t h e Dara Fi r aj and it r u n s i nt o t h e main gl en about 1 3/4
miles l ower down. Immedi at el y bel ow, whe r e t h e road e nt e r s , is t he
vi l l age of Mukht i ar Khel, 20 h o u s e s o f Taj i ks. Up t h e gl en, about
hal f a m i l e on t h e l e f t , is Begran whi ch ha s 150 hous e s of Tajiks.
About a m i l e h i g h e r a r e Dostam Khel and Fi r aj cont ai ni ng t oge t he r 30
h o u s e s of Taj i ks. The whol e gl e n is f i l l e d wi t h a mass of or char ds
among whi ch t h e hous e s of t h e above named vi l l a ge s a r e s cat t er ed i n
gr oups . I t is about hal f a m i l e wi de, but t h e r e is Li t t l e room to
encamp on a c c ount of t h e trees, t h o u g h p e r h a p s a bat t al i on and a few
s qua dr ons mi ght f i nd s pace. The hi l l a t t h e head of t h e glen is
cal l ed Tara Koh, and is wooded pr i nci pal l y wi t h a r c ha ( Juni per ) . The
r avi ne nar r ows a good d e a l below t h e r oad, and whe r e it r uns into
t h e main gl e n is a mere g o r g e a bout 80 y a r d s wide. The road in it is
ha r dl y pr act i cabl e f o r hor s e s . I t is r eal l y a s h e e p t r a c k, and not
us e d by t r avel l er s .
The road soon t a k e s t o t h e h i l l s i d e s and a s c e n d s t h e gl en gradually,
i n a s out he r l y di r e c t i on, f o r a bout t hr e e - qua r t e r s of a mi l e . I t i s
good f o r all pack animals. A t 2 1/2 m i l e s ( f r om Anaba) t h e t op of
t h e Spur is r e a c he d and t h e r e is a s t e e p d e s c e n t over a very bad
r oad f o r about a qua r t e r of a mi l e . Having c r o s s e d a r ocky ravine
t h e road wi nds upwa r ds f o r a bout 2 miles, when t h e s t o n e s cease and
t h e s l o p e s a r e ge nt l e . The r e a r e s p r i n g s and some cul t i vat i on with
about a doz e n h u t s s c a t t e r e d h e r e and t he r e . The road cont i nues to
a s c e nd f o r a not he r m i l e t o t h e t o p of t h e ~ot al - i - Dar bad wher e t her e
is a k a r a c h g i r ( t o o l s t a t i o n ) a nd t h e z i a r a t o f Khwaj a 1brahim
Darbandi. El evat i on 7,380 f e e t . From t h i s s p o t t h e r e is a Path
br anchi ng t o t h e r i g h t , b u t it is onl y pr a c t i c a bl e f o r men on foot*
The main t r a c k, bendi ng t o t h e l e f t , d e s c e n d s ver y ge nt l y a t f i r st *
A t 6 1/2 miles it di vi de s . The l e f t br anch l e a d s t o t h e village
Sanjan, and t h e o t h e r is t h e main r oad, known a s t h e ~ a h - i - ~ o P - K a ~ ~ ,
and d e s c e n d s r api dl y, wi ndi ng down f o r 3 milee, when t h e bottom of
t h e hi l l s is r e a c he d. ( Shahzada Taimus.)
*PI ROZAI cr'ar'
34-57 69-38 .
A vi l l age on t h e Tag& r i ver , some 0 miles north
Tagab .
FIROZBAHAR r b- A&
34-43 67-3. El evat i on 8, 945 f e e t . A di vi s i on of t h e Tagao Sayyi d
s ubdi s t r i c t of Yak Walang , cont ai ni ng some 180 f ami l i es o f Hazaras.
Fi rozbahar, pr ope r l y s o cal l ed, c o n s i s t s of a vi l l age and t wo f o r t s ,
cont ai ni ng 50 f ami l i es of Hazaras. One of t h e s e f o r t s , t h e l a r g e r
one, is known a s Kala Sayyi d Sai dul l a. The Band-i-Amir val l ey is
half a m i l e wi de he r e , and t h e r e is ampl e room t o camp; b u t it is
nearly all c ul t i va t e d, and most l y i r r i ga t e d.
From Kala Sar kar i i n Bamian t o Fi r ozbahar p r o p e r t h e d i s t a n c e is 46
miles. (Mai t l and .)
FIROZ KHEL & A>
33- 69-. A vi l l age a bout 22 m i l e s n o r t h e a s t of Gar dez, on t h e
road t h e n c e t o t h e Mirzakai Kotal. I nhabi t ant s: Amazai Ghi l zai s.
(I.B.C. A vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 34-45 69-40 G.
(LWA)
FORT BATTYE
34- 70-. El evat i on 2,900 f e e t . The name gi ven t o a f o r t i f i e d p o s t
es t abl i s hed by t h e Br i t i s h dur i ng t h e war of 1879-80 on t h e Khaibar-
Kabul road a t a poi nt 8 m i l e s n o r t h e a s t of Sa f e d Sang (Gandamak), i n
t h e Khugiani s ubdi vi s i on of t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t .
I t s name was bestowed on t h e pos t owing t o its proximity t o t h e s p o t
wher e Major Wigram Bat t ye of t h e Gui des Cavalry was ki l l e d i n a c t i on
on t h e 2nd Apr i l 1879.
On t h e 26t h March 1880 a ni ght - at t ack was made on Fo r t Bat t ye by a
mixed body of s hi nwa r i s and Khugi ani s. The normal ga r r i s on of t h e
pos t had been 100 r i f l e s 4t h Madras Nat i ve I nf ant r y, and 40 s a b r e s
4t h Bengal Cavalry, b u t on t h e n i g h t of t h e a t t a c k a de t a c hme nt of
t h e 31s t Punjab i nf a nt r y, 148 s t r o n g , unde r Li eut enant Angel o, wi t h
a few de t a i l s of Br i t i s h I nf ant r y, had ar r i ved and ha l t e d, and t h i s
acci dent al a c c e s s i on of s t r e n g t h was f or t una t e .
The a t t a c k was beat en o f f , wi t h l o s s t o t h e a s s a i l a nt s , b u t t h e
casual t i es among t h e d e f e n d e r s were heavy. Li eut enant Angel o was
Shot t hr ough t h e head when s t a ndi ng on t h e par apet ; 5 s e p o y s and 2
dooly-bearers wounded, most of t h e casual t i es being from sword cut s.
For t Bat t ye has not been us e d s i nc e t h e Br i t i s h evacuat i on of t h e
c ount r y: pr oba bl y t h e Af g h a n s r e c o g n i s e its uns ui t abi l i t y a s a
de f e ns i ve posi t i on. Only t h e s ol i d s t o n e wal l s now remain. (I.B.C.)
FRINJAL See FARINJAL &)
FULADI See FAULADI ~ a Y 9
FULGI RD JJ&
A cavern s i t ua t e d a t t h e head of t h e Ghorband val l ey, and 2,000 f e e t
above it. ( ~ o r d . )
FURMUL
32-34 69-11. An a l t e r n a t i v e name f or ~ i r ma l .
GABAR ~f
35-8 t o 35-19 71-2 t o 71-33. The Gabar vi l l ages i n t h e Kunar
valley a r e f i ve i n number, namely, ~ r u n d u (in Chi t r a l t e r r i t or y) ,
Birkot, Nari or Narsat , Sao, and Pal asgar. They a r e i nha bi t e d by
People said t o have been originally f i re-worshi ppers who were e x pel-
l e d from Per si a, and a f t e r many wander i ngs a t l e n g t h f ound a home i n
t he Kunar valley. They s pe a k a l a ngua ge d i f f e r e n t t o t h a t s p o k e n by
any of t h e i r nei ghbour s .
The d r e s s of t h e men is i ndi s t i nct i ve. The women d r e s s in loose
t r o u s e r s and s h i r t s t o t h e kne e s of a ver y dar k bl ue, nearl y black,
whi ch f a l l nat ural l y i nt o g r a c e f u l f o l d s . They are f ond of white
metal or br a s s neck and wrist ornament s. They wear a cl os e f i t t i ng
bl ue c l ot h s k u l l cap, from beneat h whi ch t wo l ong pl ai t s hang down
behi nd. The t o u t ensembl e is p i c t u r e s q u e and pl easi ng. Of t he
d i f f e r e n t vi l l ages t h e Sao women a r e t h e b e s t d r e s s e d .
Amongst t h e Gabars gener al l y t h e most not abl e poi nt is t h e i r st rong-
l y Semi t i c c a s t of count enance, whi ch is a t t i m e s s o exaggerat ed
t h a t cer t ai n of t h e pe opl e l ook l i k e t h e J e w s of bur l es que or cari-
cat ur e. The Gabars a r e cal l ed Sat r s , and t h e vi l l ages Satrgrom by
t h e Kafi rs, whi l e t h Chi t r al i s c l a s s i f y t hem a l l a s Narsatis. They
a r e poor f i g h t e r s , bul l i ed by Af ghans, Chi t r al i s , and Kafirs indis-
cri mi nat el y. I t is from t h e Gabars t h a t t h e Kam Kafi rs obtain most
of t h e cl ot hi ng, gunpowder , and o t h e r a r t i c l e s t h e y import.
(Robert-
son. )
GABAR d
33- 69-. A s e c t i on of t h e Mangals s e t t l e d i n t h e Chakmani valley.
Thei r pr i nci pal vi l l age is Mamoh Kandi, whi ch is w e l l cut i vat ed and
s h a d e d by many trees. (Kane.)
GABAR MANGAL &A
33- 69-. A vi l l age i n t h e Gabar hi l l s i n t h e Mangal count ry. There
is a permanent dt achment h e r e of 1 s quadr on of caval ry from Matun,
and in t h e h o t weat her nearl y all t h e i nf a nt r y of t h e Matun garrison
move u p her e. (I.B.C.)
GABRAI d
32-49 69-23 m. A vi l l age on t h e Margha r i ver , s o u t h we s t of Nizam-
khel .
'GABRU JJ
32-45 67-44 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed some s i x miles e a s t of Ghojan and
sout hwest of Mukur.
GACH
34-27 70-33 m. A vi l l age i n t h e Kama di vi s i on of t h e ~alalabad
d i s t r i c t , s i t ua t e d about 2 miles from t h e l e f t bank of t h e KUnar
r i ver , and nor t he a s t of Deh-i-Ghazi. I nhabi t ant s: Sayyi ds and Ward-
aks. (Jenkyns.) Recent maps show t h e name Goch. (LWA)
'GADA I drd
33-59 68-35 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed on a st r eam, s o u t h we s t of Sayyida-
bad.
GADAI KHEL
& ,'A
33- 68-. A vi l l age in Kharwar, about 27 miles nor t he a s t of Ghaz-
ni. Ther e is room f o r a br i gade t o camp h e r e wi t h s u f f i c i e n t water
from st r eams. I.B.C.) Recent maps s how a pl ace with t he name
Gi dar khel , a t 33-41 68-39 m. ( LWA)
'GADA KHEL
&Id
33-17 68-19 m. A vi l l aqe w e s t of Kalakhel, near t h e highway to
'GADALI
J~J
32-14 68-19 m.
A villaqe located nort hwest of Waza Khwa and west of
Tarwukai.
GAD1ALI & G~
34- 70-. A hal t i ng pl a c e i n t h e Al i shang val l ey, on t h e r oad f i om
Jalalabad t o Faraj ghan. I t is a bout 83 m i l e s from t h e f or mer , and
11 miles from t h e l a t t e r . (1.B.C.)
I
*GAD0 CHINA
a;t ,Jf
34-40 69-41 m. A vi l l age on t h e Tagab r i ve r , a f e w m i l e s nor t h of
t h e Naghlu l ake.
GADOL
&-a
35-8 71-12 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d near t h e s our c e of t h e She ga l
Khwar, nor t h- nor t heast of Mena.
GAGRA ( OK GOGRA) '$
34- 70-. A vi l l age i n t h e Hisarak s ubdi vi s i on of t h e Jal al abad
di s t r i c t . I nhabi t ant s: Shi n wari s. ( Jen kyns.)
GAHIK
34- 70-. A vi l l age i n t h e Kama s ubdi vi s i on of t h e Jal al bad di s -
trict. ~n h a b i t a n t s : Mohmand s. ( Jen k yns.)
32-58 69-22. Gaian is an al aqadar i i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce. The alaqa-
dar i compr i s es an ar ea of 276 s q u a r e ki l omet er s and ha s an a gr i c ul -
t ur al popul at i on t h a t ha s been es t i mat ed a t from 9, 390 t o 10, 459.
The al aqadar i is bounded i n t h e west by Urgun, i n t h e nor t h by
Sper ah, in t h e e a s t by t h e St a t e of Pal est an, and on t h e s o u t h by
Barmal. Gaian ha s some 33 vi l l ages , 5 of whi ch have more t ha n 500
i nhabi t ant s. The vi l l a ge s a r e Li st ed i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows: Mayen
Kalai, Kamal Kalai, Moin (Mana Kal ai ) , Magal Kal ai , S t o r ( Le s t u r ) ,
Inzarkai, Khan Moh'd Khel, Aka ~ a l a i , Fodi kai , ( Podi l kai ) , Wochekai
Rowata, Badi Kalai, S t e r a h Gayan, Bi r ak Waki l , Qamar gai , Kaj i r ,
Salat Kando Kalai, Chapakai Kalai, Tsal owat t a, Salah Shah, Khanud-
di n, Landakai-Mzaka, Wara Kalai Woc hka i ( Wa c hke Ka r e z ) , Al i z a r ,
WOg h o s t Kalai (Wag hoz- Kal ai ) , Tur g howagai , Galai Kalai, Kanderai
(kandorai ), Miyama, Dur Badana, Migarr, Momen Kalai, Durgar, Fat eh
Khel Kalai, and Aga.
GAIGRUZ AS
34- 70-. Said t o be a vi l l age on t h e road from t h e Hariob val l ey
t o Jalalabad, 12 o r 1 5 miles from Hi sarak, cont ai ni ng 120 h o u s e s and
i nhabi t ed by Ghi l zai s. (Kennedy.)
GAJAN
~ju
34- 70-. A vi l l age in t h e Hisarak di vi s i on of t h e Jal al abad di s -
t r i c t , cont ai ni ng 200 hous e s of Shi nwar i s. (McGregor.)
GAJURBASH See GHUJARBASH
; L JrS
*GALA Lb
34-44 71-5 m.
A vi l l age on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Kunar r i ver , some
3 miles s o u t h e a s t of Narai.
*GALI RN A 6
34-59 68-45 m. A vi l l age on t h e Ghorband, some m i l e s w e s t of Siah-
gerd .
*GALUCH
34-42 69-55 m. A v i l l a g e some 12 m i l e s nor t he a s t of Sar obi .
ub
*GAMBEL
34-16 70-22 m. A vi l l a ge near Chapr i ar , s o u t h we s t of Jalalabad. J-f
GAMBERI O r GAMBERAY d
34-33 70-23 m. A d e s e r t pl ai n be t we e n Laghman and Kunar, about 8
miles e a s t t o west and 6 miles nor t h t o s o u t h i n e x t e n t .
(Dutton.)
GAHBI R kf
35-1 70-6 m. A vi l l age i n Nur i st an on t h e Kunar f r ont i er . 1t i s
sai d t o be s i t ua t e d on t h e crest of a t abl el and and t o contain a
t hous a nd hous e s . Thi s a l s o a p p e a r s t o be t h e name of one of t he
Kafir s ubdi vi s i ons l i vi ng nor t h of Laghman. The r e is a clan of t hi s
name l i vi ng on t h e west s i d e of t h e Pech Dara. (Masson, Turner,
Barrow.)
GANDA
t LS
34- 69-. A l a r g e vi l l age i n t h e Khugi ani s ubdi vi s i on of t h e Jalala-
bad d i s t r i c t , s i t ua t e d about 2-1/2 miles s o u t h we s t of Gandamak.
The r e is a c ons i de r a bl e amount of cul t i vat i on her eabout s . (I.B.C.)
*GANDAB See GANDAO +\ d
GANDA BAGHAL J+ 4 . 3
34-23 67-40 G. A f o r t i n Bes udi count r y. ( See Military Report on
Hazar aj at , P a r t 11.)
*GANDABARA t,& 4 . 3
35-8 71- E m. An ar ea l oc a t e d s o u t h of t h e bend of t h e Kunar river,
e a s t of Gawi and s o u t h of Sat u.
GANDAMAK
ad
34-18 70-2 A. El evat i on 4,150 f e e t . A vi l l age of 200 hous e s in t he
Jalalabad d i s t r i c t . I t lies on bot h ba nks of t h e Gandamak stream,
a bout 29 miles from Jal al abad. The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Sher zad Khugia-
ni s; headman (1904) Pi r Dost , Khugiani. They p o s s e s s about 300 head
o f c a t t l e and 40 hor s e s . Land unde r cul t i vat i on amount t o 1,500
j ar i bs, t h e annual pr oduc t i on of wheat and bar l ey bei ng about 34,000
I ndi an maunds. Land-tax is a s s e s s e d a t onl y 4 kr ans, 3 s ha hi s per
j ari b, b u t t h e i nha bi t a nt s have t o f u r n i s h f r e e r at i ons , etc., to
all t r o o p s and Government o f f i c i a l s pa s s i ng t hr ough. Ther e is a
small s ar ai in t h e vi l l age and s e ve r a l mud f o r t s and walled orchards
i n t h e vi ci ni t y. Fodde r f o r about 5,000 animals f o r one day is
obt ai nabl e from Gandamak a nd t h e n e i g h b o u r h o o d . Fue l al s o is
pr ocur abl e.
The pl ai n i n whi ch t h e vi l l age lies is some 5 m i l e s from north to
Sout h, bei ng bounded on t h e nor t h by t h e Si ah Koh and on t h e south
by t h e Sa f e d Koh, t h e l owe r s l o p e s of whi ch a r e cover ed with pine
f o r e s t .
The Gandamak st r eam is a t r i but a r y of t h e Sur kha b r i ver ; it r i s es i n
t h e nor t he r n s l o p e s of t h e Sa f e d oh, a nd, j oi ni ng t h e ~ a r k i Khel
st r eam about 2-1/2 miles nor t h of Gandamak vi l l age, f al l s i nt o t h e
Sur khab 2-1/2 miles l ower down, c l o s e t o t h e vi l l age of Allah Dad
Khan. Near t h e vi l l age it is ( i n ~ u g u s t ) some 6 f e e t wide and
i n c h e s de e p; it is j oi ned 300 ya r ds nor t h of t h e main ~ a M a b a ~ -
Kabul road by t h e Anian (or Nian) st r eam, whi ch cont ai ns about the
same volume of wat er.
The r e is room f o r a di vi s i on, even t wo, t o encamp t o t h e west of t he
v i l l a g e , on t h e si t e o f t h e o l d Br i t i s h camp, wi t h a pl e nt i f ul
wat er-Suppl y. The r e is good camel -grazi ng and a f ai r amount of
s u p p l i e s a r e pr ocur abl e; f u e l , b h u t a and pi ne b o u g h s f r om t h e Sa f e d
K0h.
The vi ci ni t y o f Gandamak h a s be e n made f amous by t h e numer ous ac-
t i ons whi ch t ook pl a c e b e t we e n our t r o o p s and t h e Af gha ns i n t h e o f
1839-42.
On t h e march be t we e n t h i s and J a gda l a k, Sa l e ' s f o r c e was h e r e
s t r ongl y o p p o s e d by t h e Ghi l zai s , and l o s t o v e r 100 men ki l l e d and
wounded. Sal e t h e n ha l t e d h e r e f o r a f o r t n i g h t b e f o r e goi ng t o
~ a l a l a b a d .
On t h e r e t r e a t f r om Kabul of t h e Br i t i s h army i n 1842, Gandamak was
t h e s c e n e o f t h e ma s s a c r e of t h e l a s t s u r v i v i o r s o f t h a t f o r c e ,
viz., 20 o f f i c e r s and 45 Br i t i s h s o l d i e r s . The number s o f t h i s
par t y were a s one t o a h u n d r e d , mos t of t hem a l r e a dy wounded b u t
t h e y were r e s o l u t e n o t t o l a y down t h e i r arms wh i l s t a s p a r k o f Li f e
remained.
The enemy mus t e r e d r ound t hem and c a l l e d on t hem t o g i v e
up t h e i r arms. The r e f u s a l of t h e s e br a ve men was f ol l owe d by a
vi ol ent a t t e mp t t o di s ar m t hem, whi c h b r o u g h t on a hand- t o- hand
c ont e s t . The i n f u r i a t e d mob t h e n over whel med t h e little p a r t y of
Engl i shmen and c u t t hem u p a l mos t t o a man. Gandamak h a s gi ve n its
name t o t h e t r eat y of peace si gned t h e r e on t h e 2nd May 1879 by Lord
Lyt t on' s pl e ni pot e nt i a r y, Major Cavagnar i , and A mi r Yakub Khan; t h e
r i g h t , or Khaibar col umn, havi ng r e a c h e d t h e pl a c e i n Apri l . t h e
site s e l e c t e d f o r t h e encampment of t h e Br i t i s h f o r c e i n b o t h
advances t o Gandamak, i n t h e year 1879, was on t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e
river, . a bout 1-1/2 m i l e s e a s t o f t h e vi l l age, a t a s p o t known a s
Saf ed Sang. Here a f o r t i f i e d e n c l o s u r e p r o t e c t e d t h e s t o r e of
ammunition and pr ovi s i ons on some r i s i n g gr ound. On t h e f i r s t
wi t hdr awal i n May, a l a r g e qua nt i t y o f commi ssar i at s t o r e was l e f t
i n t h i s e n c l o s u r e f o r t h e A m i r , a s t h e r e wa s d i f f i c u l t y i n
t r a n s p o r t i n g it. T h i s s t o r e o f g r a i n , f l o u r , etc., r e ma i n e d
unt ouched unt i l a f e w h o u r s be o r e t h e s e c o n d oc c upa t i on, when t h e
vi l l ager s h e l p e d t h e ms e l v e s t o it and c a r r i e d away an i mmense quan-
t i t y b e f o r e t h e head of t h e col umn a r r i ve d. (Mal l eson, Wanl i ss,
Johnston. )
*GANDAO O r GANDAB , \ d
32-40 68-8 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d n o r t h we s t o f Khushamand. Ot he r
pl aces wi t h t h i s name a r e l oc a t e d s o u t h o f Shahj ui , a t 32-25 67-26
m.; some 8 miles nor t h of t h e Kabul r i ve r and w e s t o f Ti r gar i , a t
34-39 70-1 m.; n o r t h of Dopus ht a , a t 34-20 68-5 m.; and s ome 4 m i l e s
west of Sur kho Par sa, on a t r i but a r y of t h e Ghor band, a t 34-54 68-36
m.
GANDAO Or GANDAB ,id
34- 66-. A t r i but a r y of t h e Guzr ah t agao, whi ch it j oi ns , f r om t h e
nor t h a t a bout 4 m i l e s e a s t of t h e j unc t i on of t h e Guzr ah and
Akzarat s t r eams . The Gandao s t r eam is a bout 3 f e e t br oad and 6
i nc he s d e e p a t its mout h (i n J une ) . (Wanliss. )
,I .3
GANDAO See SIAH DARA
GANGA KHEL JpU
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Khugi ani di vi s i on of t h e ~ a l a l a b a d d i s -
trict, about 5 miles s o u t h e a s t o f Gandamak. The in- ha bi t a nt s a r e
Kharbun Khugi ani s. ( Jenkyns. ) One pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is l o c a t e d
a t 34-14 70-2 G. Anot her a l s o cal l ed Ga ngi khe l is nor t h of D e Pas h
Khune, a t 32-36 69-19 m.
(LWA)
GANJAWAN OK GANJUN d
34-46 70-6. A vi l l a ge i n Laghman, on t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e ush hang
r i ve r , near l y o p p o s i t e t o, but r a t h e r l owe r t ha n, t h e village of
Al i shang . I nhabi t ant s: Uria Khel G hi l zai s . The f 0110 wing hamlets
a r e i ncl uded i n Ganjawan:
1. Kala-i-Ma1 i k She r di l
2. Deh-i-Shakarabad
3. Kal a-i -Saadat Khan (Warburton. )
Recent maps show t h e s p e l l i n g Ganjun. (LWA)
GAOCHAK See GHUCHAK 4 , s
*GAOHARDI SH L;L' J&
35-24 71-35 m. A vi l l age on a t r i but a r y of t h e Kunar r i ver , north-
e a s t of Ki shur.
GAO RHANA L;L Is
34- 69-. A vi l l age i n t h e Cha r de h val l ey, on t h e r i g h t bank of t he
small s o u t h e r n t r i but a r y t o t h e Chamchamast st r eam, 4 miles west of
Kabul ci t y. I t c ont a i ns s i x f o r t s , and h a s i n al l some 300 houses.
I nhabi t ant s: Gadi Hazaras and Taj i ks. I t is a pl ace of some pros-
p e r i t y t h e c h i e f i n d u s t r y bei ng
t h e manuf act ur e of must ard oil, t he
s e e d bei ng b r o u g h t i n g r e a t qua nt i t i e s from t h e Hazarajat. (I.B.C.)
GAOMESH BELA ( w) %&,s
34-26 70-30. A v i l l a g e i n t h e Be s u d d i v i s i o n o f t h e Jalalabad
d i s t r i c t , s i t ua t e d on t h e l e f t bank o f t h e Kabul r i ve r about 3 miles
s o u t h w e s t of t h e vi l l age of Besud. I nhabi t ant s: Arabs. (Jenkyns.)
*GAOMI SHAK
33-9 67-55 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d s o u t h e a s t of Zardalu in Ghazni
pr ovi nce.
*GAOMURDA @,,$
33-6 67-29 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Arghandab,
s out h of Jag hur i .
*GAOPUR A): l
d
34-6 70-35 m. A vi l l age s o u t h e a s t of Jal al abad, a t t h e f oot of t he
s p i n Ghar.
GAOSHAK
cL$
A s u b d i v i s i o n of t h e Bacha- i - Ghul am Dai ~ a n g i s . ( Se e Military
Re por t on Hazarajat, Par t 11.)
32-59 67-53 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d some 2 miles w e s t of t h e Mukur-
Ghazni highway, nor t heast of Mukur. Another pl ace with t hi s mime is
near t h e n o r t h we s t e d q e of t h e Ab-i-Istada, a t 32-31 67-50 m.
-
*GARAI Or GAR1
*d
32-39 67-41 m.
A vi l l age l oc a t e d some 0 miles s o u t h e a s t of ~ h o j a ~
and n o r t h we s t of t h e Ab-i-Istada.
Ot her vi l l a ge s wi t h t h i s nzime are
l oc a t e d on t h e Tagab r i ve r , a f e w miles e a s t of Nejrab, a t 34-50 69-
49 m e ; near t h e Nawarud and s o u t h e a s t of Chahar t ut , a t 34-16 69-49
me; and s o u t h we s t of Alingar and w e s t of Kanda, a t 34-47 70-16 m *
GARBAND KAI ,,fss
34-28 69-49 G. A pl ace on t h e r i ve r r out e from ~a l a l a ba d t o Sang
Toda, a t whi ch a l t e r na t i ve r oa ds di ve r ge . o n e g o e s by t h e DabeU
Kotal; t h e o t h e r g o e s by t h e r uby mi nes t o Jagdal ak.
The gradients
of t h i s l a t t e r r out e a r e eas y, and it is p e r f e c t l y pr a c t i c a bl e f o r
pack camels wi t hout any i mpr ovement bei ng neces s ar y. I t is a bout 3
miles l onge r t ha n t h a t by t h e Dabeli Kotal.
( Ros s , Thompson.)
GARDAN "4
33- 66-. A l oc a l i t y on Uj ari st an. ( See Military Re por t on Hazara-
jat, Par t 11.) Ot her pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name a r e l oc a t e d w e s t of t h e
Dasht-i-Barikak and nor t h of t h e Kuh-i-Mir, a t 34-6 67-44 m. and
s out he a s t of Behs ud, a t 34-16 67-55 m. (LWA)
LLJJ
*GARDANAK
34-3 67-23 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d w e s t of Garmak and nor t h of t h e
GARDAN CHATHA See FIRAJ
*GARDANDEH * J " J ~
34-6 67-15 rn. A v i l l a g e l ocat ed nor t he a s t of ~ i t a o q o l .
GARDAN-I-MASJ ID
-Lu "4
33-55 68-25 G. A hal t i ng pl a c e i n t h e Sar-i-Ab val l ey about 30
miles nor t h west o f Ghazni. The r e is room f o r a l a r g e f o r t t o camp
her e, wi t h s u f f i c i e n t wat er. (I.B.C.)
GARDEZ
loS
33-36 69-14 m. Gar dez is t own and a wol eswal i i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
The wol eswal i c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 653 s qua r e ki l omet er s and ha s an
agr i cul t ur al popul at i on t h a t ha s been e s t i ma t e d a t from 21, 980 t o
35,390. The wol eswal i is bounded i n t h e w e s t by Zormat, i n t h e
nor t h west and nor t h by Char k h and Pul-i-Alam i n t h e e a s t by Sayed
Karam, and i n t h e s o u t h by Shawak. Gar dez ha s some 42 vi l l ages , 20
of whi ch have more t ha n 500 i nhabi t ant s . The vi l l ages a r e l i s t e d i n
t h e PG a s f ol l ows: Dara-i-Mulla Qudr at , arma as hi, Melan, Za A w ,
Hutamani Sepahi-Khel, Bala Deh Gar di z, Ti rah, Salo Khel, Robat,
Chawni, Ibrahim Khel, Asl at Beg Khel, Ahangaran, Bazari Kohna,
Mot a f e r e qa Bayn-i-Ba z a r , ~a r y a - i - Zi y a r i , ~ha na ha - i - Sha hr Pahlu-i-
Bala Hesar, Shakar Khel, Hasan Khel, Sar-i-Sang, Nayeb Khel, Dawlat-
zai, Shai khha, Malek Khel, ~ o c h i Khel, Habib Wa Hajian, ~ a b i b Wa
Melan, Hamri-i-Bala Deh, ~het aba- i - Gar dez, Khwaja Gar dez, Darah,
Fat hul l ah Khel, Sayyid ha-i-Shah-Af zal, Muqarab, Doaba-i-Melan, Haj-
ian, Najaran, Sadat , Ar j al Khel , Banuzi , Dak hel-i-Haw za-i-S h a h r ,
Fami l - ha- i - ~hahr i - Nau, Sh o zai , Roj an Khel - i - Gar di z, Sayed Khel,
Momen Khel, Jamal uddi n Kala, Baloch Khel, Bayak Khel, and Salam
Khel. ( LWA) In 1914, t h e ar ea was de s c r i be d a s f ol l ows : The
chi ef pl ace, and t h e Ci vi l head- quar t er s of Zurmat. I t is 6 mar ches
(about 70'2 miles) from Khar l achi on t h e r oad from t h e KlJrram val l ey
t o Ghazni and about 14 m i l e s s o u t h e a s t of t h e Altimur pass. Over
t h e Altimur p a s s a good camel-road l e a d s i nt o t h e Logar val l ey and
so t o Kabul. Thi s f or ms an i mpor t ant l a t e r a l communication be t we e n
t h e main r out e s l eadi ng from t h e Kurram val l ey t o Kabul and Ghazni
r espect i vel y.
Gardez is a t own of about 3,000 hous e s , t h e i nha bi t a nt s bei ng
mostly Taj i ks wi t h a f e w Ghi l zai s; t h e r e is a l a r g e bazar her e. A
gr eat deal of gr ai n of all s o r t s is pr oduc e d h e r e and t a ke n t o t h e
Kabul market ; g h i is a l s o s e n t t o Kabul i n l a r g e quant i t i es . Of
l i ves t ock onl y a f e w head of c a t t l e go t o Kabul, but g r e a t f l o c k s of
She e p a r e s e n t i n. I n r e t u r n Kabul s e n d s r a i s i n s , mu l b e r r i e s ,
tobacco, oni ons, and c ot t on c l ot h. The r e is a good de a l of hor s e -
breeding from Waziri st ock done in t h e neighbourhood.
are two f or t s out si de t h e town, t h e ol der of which is occupied
by khasadar s, whi l e t h e n e we r is hel d by r egul ar t r oops .
The whole
gar r i son of Gardez c ons i s t s of 1 s quadr on cavalry, 2 battalions
i nf ant r y, 4 mountain guns and 300 khasadar s.
There is room t o encamp a di vi si on a t Gardez, wi t h s uf f i c i e nt water;
f or age is available, but ot he r s uppl i e s shoul d have t o be collected,
In addi t i on t o t h e ~har l achi - Ghazni road mentioned above, a road
goe s from Gardez t o Kabul over t h e Altimur pass. Afghan field
bat t er i es ar e sai d t o us e t h i s r out e cons t ant l y, but t h e northern
de s c e nt from t h e summit of t h e Altimur pas s appear s t o requi re some
improvement t o make it real l y f i t f or wheel ed t r af f i c. Another
road, sai d t o be f i t f or f i el d- guns, goe s from Gardez t o Mukur, via
Shi l g har. (I.B.C.)
34-13 69-15 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed about 8 miles e a s t of t he Logar
r i ver and s out h of Kabul.
GARGARH c ~ J
A vdl a ge i n Laghman, cont ai ni ng t wo haml et s, viz., Kansigar and
Kala-i-Sarfaraz Khan. Inhabi t ant s: Saf i s. (Warburton.)
GARI Or GARAI LJ
34-47 70-16 m. A vi l l age in t h e Hisarak di vi si on, Jalalabad dis-
trict, cont ai ni ng 300 hous es of Mohmand s. (McGregor.) Another
pl ace with t h i s name is l ocat ed nor t h west of Cheg ha Sarai, a t 34-47
70-56 G. ( LWA)
GAR1 d
One of t h e main cl ans of t h e J aghur i Hazaras. (See Military Report
on Hazarajat, Part 11.)
GARMAB 4 3
33- 68-. A vi l l age a t t h e head of t h e Char kh valley, sout h of the
Logar di s t r i c t , and one of t h e most i mport ant pl aces i n t he valley.
Inhabi t ant s: Tajiks. (MacLean, Euan Smith.)
GARMAK
34- 68-. A vi l l a ge of 20 f a mi l i e s o f Tai mur i s, i n t h e Sar-i-
Chashma valley, about 6 miles e a s t of t h e Unai pass.
Headman (1904)
Daulat Muhammad. The i nhabi t ant s pos s e s s about 30 head of cattle
and 40 s h e e p and goat s. The annual pr oduct i on of wheat and barley
aver ages about 375 Indian maunds. (Wanliss.) Ot her village with
t h i s name ar e l ocat ed w e s t of Shahr-i- hawa at, a t 34-5 67-55 m.; and
s out h of t h e Kuh-i-Ghulparida, a t 34-3 67-27 m. ( LWA)
GARMAO
J' t s
34- 67-0 A pl ace in t h e Besud count ry. (See Military Report on
HaZarajat, Part 11.) Another pl ace wi t h t h i s name is l ocat ed at 34-
21 68-6 m. (LWA)
GA RMAO
,' tJ
34- 66- A subdi vi si on of t h e Sar-i-JangA di s t r i ct . (See Mili-
t ary Repor t on Hazarajat, Part 11.)
GARMAO
J' t s
A l ar ge Dai Zangi vi l l age on t h e Daulat Yar-Kabul road. (See
t ar y Repor t on ~ a z a r a j a t , Part 11.)
GARMAO-I-JIRGHAI
. 1 s
J ! ! J t
A river in Hazarajat. (See Military Repor t on ~a z a r a j a t , part 11.)
"GARMILA
4-J
34-34 70-47 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a f e w m i l e s s o u t h of Nurgal and
t h e Kunar r i ver .
* GAWI d
35-8 71-22 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on t h e Kunar r i ver , o p p o s i t e Bargam.
GAZA O r GHAZA
4jL
34-38 68-59 m. A vi l l age i n t h e Koh Daman, 15 m i l e s n o r t h we s t of
t h e c i t y o f Kabul. In its vi ci ni t y a r e abundant mounds or tumuli.
The popul at i on is Taj i k, and 1880 t h e r e were 100 h o u s e s in t h e
place. (Masson, Kinloch .)
GAZAK
dJ
A pl ace in t h e Hazarajat. ( See Military Re por t on Hazaraj at , Par t
11.) Ot her pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name a r e l oc a t e d s o u t h e a s t of J agdal ak,
a t 34-22 69-54 m.; on t h e Shemel t u st r eam, a t 33-40 68-8 m.; and
sout h of Sur khs ha hr , a t 35-16 67-45 G. ( LWA)
GAZAR J
34- 69-. A vi l l age i n t h e Logar d i s t r i c t , be t we e n Kut i Khel and
Deh-i-Nao. I t ha s t wo kar ez, and t h e l and is w e l l c ul t i va t e d. Grain
pl ent i f ul . No s h e e p . I nhabi t ant s: Ahmad zai G hi l zai s. (I.B.C.)
GAZ DARA 4 ~ 4
32-54 68-25 m. A r a nge of hi l l s in t h e Ghi l zai count r y. (Broad-
f oot . )
GAZ I K u
34-30 69-26. A dak and c us t oms p o s t about 5 m i l e s e a s t of But khak,
on t h e main Peshawar-Kabul r oad. (Wanliss.)
*GAz-I-ULYA
34-47 69-50 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d about 2 miles from t h e Wozbin
Kh war, nor t he a s t of Sarobi.
GEHAR JU
A s ect i on of t h e Mangal t r i be occupyi ng t h e vi l l a ge s of Taghan,
Langar, Kala, Si r kot , and Nasir Muhammad, i n a val l ey on t h e nor t h-
er n s l ope of t h e Sa f e d Koh, t r i but a r y t o t h e Sur kha b r i ver . (Col-
l e t t . )
GERI d
A s ect i on of t h e ~ a g h u r i Hazaras. ( See Military Repor t on Hazara-
J at , Pa r t 11.)
*GHADAK I Jd
34-3 67-31 m. A vi l l age on t h e Dara-i-Garmab in t h e Sa f i da b area.
GH AF Cii,
34-9 66-54 G. A l oc a l i t y in Dai zangi . ( See Military Re por t on
Hazar aj at , Pa r t 11.)
*GHA IBANA L;&&
33-59 69-32 m. A vi l l age in Pakt i a pr ovi nce near t h e Logar bor der .
GHAIBI s+C
34- 6%. A vi l l age i n t h e Cha t de h val l ey, on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e
Kabul r i ver , bet ween Guzargah and I ndaki .
The r e a r e about 80 fami-
lies of Taj i ks i n t h e pl ace, whi c h is wal l ed wi t h s i x t owe r s and
onl y o n e g a t e on t h e we s t e r n f a c e . (I.B.C.)
*GHAIBKHEL bG
32-17 67-41 m. A vi l l a ge i n e h e S i k a n d e r k h e l ar ea, s o u t h we s t of t he
~ b - i - ~ s t a d a . Anot he r vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a f ew miles
n o r t h w e s t of Yahyak he 1 a l a qa da r i s e a t , a t 32-27 68-38 m.
GHAIN-GRAI JAN iR;
34- 69-. A vi l l a ge s i t u a t e d on a t r i b u t a r y o f t h e Panj s hi r valley,
c a l l e d t h e Pahna r i ve r , 54 m i l e s n o r t h e a s t o f Kabul, cont ai ni ng 100
h o u s e s , i nha bi t e d by Pas hai s . ( Leech .)
GHAIN-I-BALA YC &
34- 69-. A v i l l a g e i n P a n j s h i r v a l l e y , 6 5 m i l e s f r om Kabul,
c o n s i s t i n g o f 30 h o u s e s o f Pas hai s . Wat er p l e n t i f u l from a stream.
G hain-i-Pain, near it, c ont a i ns 100 hous e s . ( Leech .)
GHAJ I &
35- 69-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e u p p e r Pa nj s hi r gl e n, some 8 miles above
Anaba, i nha bi t e d by 40 Sayyi d f ami l i es. ( Sha hz a da Taimus.)
GHALANG (&j) &b
33-27 69-50 A. A g l e n i n Kush, l yi ng t o t h e n o r t h we s t of Matun,
whi c h l a t t e r is wa t e r e d by t h e s t r e a m f l owi ng from t h e Ghalang
d e f i l e . Th e i nha bi t a nt s a r e Mangals, and ga ve some t r oubl e t o
Gener al Robe r t s i n t h e be gi nni ng o f 1879. (I.B.C.)
*GHALGHO &
34-8 67-7 m. A vi l l a ge on a t r i b u t a r y of t h e Helmand i n t h e sout h
of Bamian pr ovi nc e .
*GHALI KHEL & Jb
33-17 68-46 m. A vi l l a ge near t h e Rud-i-Jelga-i-Janubi, e a s t of t he
Sardeh Band.
GHANDAI
&i
33- 69-. A vi l l a ge l yi ng t o t h e e a s t of t h e I s t i a r Kotal. Another
pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is l o c a t e d a t 33-5 68-2 m. Re c e nt maps show
t h e name Ghunj ay, a t 33-40 69-59 m. (LWA)
GHANDAK d&
34-59 68-1 m. A h i g h h i l l a l s o c a l l e d Koh-i-Gulistan, r unni ng along
t h e nor t h s i d e o f t h e Bamian val l ey and s e p a r a t i n g t h e Lat t er from
Sai ghan. It is a l ong, r ounde d, r o c k y mass, and its head, t hough
f a r l owe r t h a n t h e p e a k s of t h e main r a n g e t o t h e s out h of t he
val l ey, was w e l l c o v e r e d wi t h s now i n Oct ober 1885.
The s pur s of
t h e Koh-i-Ghandak, t o t h e s o u t h , a r e r oc ky, b u t its u p p e r s l ope s are
ve r y eas y. However , onl y one or t wo d i f f i c u l t p a t h s l ead over it to
Sai ghan ( See n o t e t o s t a g e 11, r o u t e 32, Nor t h- East ~ f g h a n i s t a n ) .
Th e main r oad g o e s u p t h e val l ey, we s t wa r d, and t h e n t o t h e north
t ur ni ng t h e h i g h e s t p a r t of t h e hi l l . (Maitland.)
GHAND-I-URA-KHEL S ~ I A
34- 70-.
A vi l l a ge i n t h e Laghman d i s t r i c t , on t h e r i g h t bank of
t h e Al i shang r i ve r , a bout 1 m i l e s we s t o f ~e h- i - Zi a r a t . lnhabi-
t a nt s : Uria Khel Ghi l zai s. (Warburton. )
*GHANIKHEL JrcH
34-12 70-49 m.
A vi l l a ge s o u t h we s t of Basawul, a bout 4 miles south
of t h e Jalalabad-Tor k ham r oad.
*GHAOCH 6P
34-4 67-39 m. A vi l l age e a s t of t h e Kuh-i-Khushkak on a t r i but a r y
of t h e Garmab.
GHAO GARDAN See AOGARDAN
GHAO GHIZA See GHAUGHIZA
*GHARA
*,L
33-8 67-37 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Ar ghandab i n
Ghazni pr ovi nce. Anot her pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d n o r t h we s t
of Shahr-i-Khawat i n nor t he r n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
GHARAK Owd,i
34-22 67-11 m. An easy- l ooki ng kot a l whi ch is c r o s s e d by a r oad
l eadi ng from t h e Karghanat u Tagao, i n t h e w e s t of t h e Bamian di s -
t r i c t , t o t h e Ta ba r gha n Kol i n Yakh Walang. (A.B.C.) Th i s is
Gharak-i-Ulya. Recent Maps show t h e spel l i ng Qharak, a t 34-43 67-19
m. (LWA)
GH ARAK d,i
34- 67-. A hal t i ng pl ace on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Khawat r i ve r ,
about 53 m i l e s n o r t h we s t of Ghazimand 20 miles s o u t h e a s t o f Diwal
Kol. Ther e is room f o r a br i ga de t o camp he r e , wi t h ampl e wat er
from t h e r i ver , whi ch is h e r e a bout 30 f e e t wi de and 2 f e e t d e e p ,
with a s wi f t c ur r e nt . The r e is a wooden b r i d g e a c r o s s t h e r i ve r
her e, but it is a l s o f or dabl e. (I.B.C.) One pl ace wi t h t h i s name
is l ocat ed a t 34-8 68-24 m. (LWA)
GHARAK
cJ,i
33- 69-. A f ai r l y l a r g e vi l l age about 26 miles n o r t h e a s t of Gar-
dez, on t h e road t h e n c e t o t h e Mirzaka Kotal. I nhabi t ant s : Amazai
Ghilzais. The r e is room f o r a br i ga de t o encamp h e r e wi t h s u f f i -
ci ent wat er, b u t s u p p l i e s a r e s car ce. Camel-grazing is abundant .
I.B.C. Anot her pl ace wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d 34-11 66-51 m.
(LWA)
GHARGHA bj
A r ocky dara whi ch f a l l s i nt o t h e Kalu gl en about 13 miles above
Zokak. A t t h e j unct i on is t h e vi l l age of aha an-i-Ghargha, 13 fami-
l i e s of Darghan Hazaras; f a i r campi ng-ground. ( Ami r Khan.)
GHARGHAR
44
34-18 66-15. A f o r t vi l l age of about 50 Dai ~ u n d i hous e s , 3 miles
e a s t of Tal pech. ( See Military Review on Hazarajat, Par t 11.)
GHARGHARA *J+
34-36 67-31 m. A vi l l age of about 30 hous e s s i t ua t e d i n Daraz Kol
i n t h e e a s t o f t h e Dai Zangi c o u n t r y . ( Se e ~ i l i t a r y Re p o r t on
Hazarajat, Par t 11.) Anot her pl ace wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 34-
19 66-16 A. ( LWA)
GHARGOTAK &,i
34- 67-.
The head- quar t er s of t h e Governor of t h e Besud ~ i s t r i c t of
the Hazarajat, Sayyid J a f e r Khan. ( See Military Repor t on Hazara-
j at , Pa r t 11.)
GHARIB
A l o c a l i t y i n t he Faol adi Hazara count ry.
*GHARIB RAH 4 -3
33-1 67-26 m. A vi l l age on a t r i but ar y of t h e Arghandab ri ver in
G hazni provi nce.
GHAR IG I &
A pa s s over t h e wes t er n cont i nuat i on of t h e Saf ed Koh, bet ween t he
Shut ur Gardan and Lakarai Kotals. Over t h i s p a s s a pat h is said t o
g o d i r e c t t o Kabul from t h e Hariob val l ey, t h u s t ur ni ng t h e road
t h r o u g h t h e Logar valley. (I.B.C.)
*GHARSANG &,i
33-15 67-13 m. A vi l l age on a pat h connect i ng t h e Amrestan and
Arg handab val l eys.
GHARU See TANGI GHARU UC
*GHATKAI &
32-32 67-39 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed about hal f way bet ween Shahj ui on
t h e Tarnak r i ve r and t h e Ab-i-Istada l ake.
GHAUGHIZA Or GHAWAY GUZA
4& I$
34-2 69-34 m. A val l ey bet ween Hi sarak and Aspando Kats on t he
Lakarai r out e from Saf ed Sang t o Hariob. I t is about 9 miles in
l e n g t h , and a t its head is t h e Ghaughi za Kotal; t h i s is di f f i cul t
but is sai d t o be pr act i cabl e f o r camels. The Ghaughi za valley
bel ongs t o Nasir Khel Ghi l zai s. (I.B.C.) Recent maps show a vil-
l age with t h e name of Ghaway Guza. (LWA)
*GHAWAS
34-31 67-27 m. A vi l l age on t h e Dara-i-Shorshori, s out hwes t of
Gharghara.
*GHAZA
4jL
34-38 69-0 m. A vi l l age n o r t h e a s t of Paghman and nor t hwes t of Kabul.
*GHAZABI J6Y
34-25 70-56 m. An area nor t he a s t of Gos ht a and nor t h of Basawul.
&E
GHAZ I
34-28 70-33. A vi l l age in t h e Kama di vi s i on of t h e ~al al abad dis-
trict. s i t ua t e d on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Kunar r i ver , about 2 miles
~ - -
above its j unct i on wi t h t h e Kabul. I nhabi t ant s: Arabs and ~ a f i s *
(Jenkyns.1 Anot her pl ace wi t h t h i s name is l ocat ed a t 34-38 69-0 m *
(LwA)
GHAZ I ABAD
J ~ T gb
34-19 70-46 m.
A l a r g e walled vi l l age in t h e pes h Bolak subdivision
of t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t ; it lies 1-1/2 m i l e s s o u t h e a s t of ~ h a r d e h
and 7 miles nor t hwe s t of Basawul.
~t cont ai ns some 500 families of
weavers, pos s e s s i ng (in 1905) about 1,500 head of cat t l e, 1, 20
s h e e p and goat s , and 200 buf f al oes . Ther e is no cul t i vat i on. (Ma1-
l es on, Wanliss.) Anot her pl ace wi t h t h i s name is l ocat ed at 34- 43
70-46 A. ( LWA)
GHAZ I ABAD
J&T &b
34-57 70-3 G.
A vi l l age in Laghman, on t h e l e f t bank of t he Al i -
s hang r i ver , about 55 miles from Jalalabad. Ei ght hous es , inhabited
by pashai s. ( Leech. ) Ot he r p l a c e s wi t h t h i s name a r e l o c a t e d a t
34-43 70-46 m. and 34-18 70-46 G. (LWA)
+b&L
GHAZI BABA
34- 70-. A s h r i n e near t h e c o n f l u e n c e o f t h e Al i shang and Al i ngar
- -
r i ver s , and c l o s e t o t h e f o r t i f i e d c a nt onme nt o f Kalut-us-Seraj.
*GHAZI KHEL
LL) *L
34-24 68-39 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i b u t a r y o f t h e Maidan
river, nor t hwes t of Nerkh.
GHAZNI 32
33-33 68-35. A pr ovi nce in s out heas t er n A g hani st an whi ch compr i ses
an ar ea o f 32, 797 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s and an a g r i c u l t u r a l popul a t i on
es t i mat ed from 314, 313 t o 414, 128. The pr ovi nc e is bounde d i n t h e
west by Zabul, Or uzgan, and Bamian, i n t h e n o r t h by Maidan ( ~ a r d a k ) ,
i n t h e e a s t by Pakt i a, and i n t h e s o u t h by t h e S t a t e o f ~ a k i s t a n .
Ghazni is d i v i d e d i n t o t h e wol ewal i s o f Nawar, J a g ha t u, Mal est an,
Ghazni, J a ghur i , Andar, Moqur, Qar abagh, Shar an, Katawaz, Nawa, and
Wazakhwa, and i n t o t h e a l a qa da r i s o f Wol-Mamai, J a ni Khel , Omna,
Sul t an Khel, Gi ru, Ab Band, Gilan, Khwaja Omr i , Zena Khan, Deh Yak,
and Yusuf Khel. The c a p i t a l o f t h e pr ovi nc e is t h e c i t y o f ~ h a z n i .
(LWA) For wol eswal i lists from t h e Depar t ment o f S t a t i s t i c s o f t h e
Mi ni st r y of Agr i c ul t ur e and I r r i g a t i o n , see t h e f ol l owi ng s i x pages
In 1914 t h e a r e a was d e s c r i b e d a s f ol l ows : The Ghazni d i s t r i c t is
bounded nor t h by Maidan and Bes ud, s o u t h by t h e d i s t r i c t s o f Mukur
and Katawaz, e a s t by Logar , Kharwar and Zurmat, and w e s t by t h e Pas-
i-Koh and o t h e r s e mi - i nde pe nde nt Hazaras. It is wa t e r e d by t h e
Ghazni, upper Logar, and Gardez streams.
The we s t e r n por t i on o f t h e d i s t r i c t is hi l l y; t h e Wardak s ubdi vi s i on
is a l ong val l ey be t we e n Logar and t h e Hazara hi l l s ; t h e r emai nder
of t h e d i s t r i c t is s a i d t o b e ge ne r a l l y an i r r e g u l a r pl ai n, w e l l
i r r i ga t e d and c ul t i va t e d i n many p a r t s , wi t h h e r e and t h e r e t r a c t s
of wast e, d i v e r s i f i e d by undul a t i ons , and by l ow, s t ony, and ba r e
hi l l s. To t h e s o u t h and w e s t is a r a nge o f l o f t y mount ai ns c a l l e d
t h e G u l Koh; t o t h e w e s t t h e pr i nc i pa l p e a k s i n t h i s r a n g e a r e t h e
Maku, t h e Koh-i-Sabz-nala, t h e Sh a h t u s , and t h e Si ah Koh; t o t h e
e a s t a r e mount ai ns known a s t h e Koh-i-Jaoz, t h e Si ah Koh, t h e Allah-
Koh, and t h e Baba Abdul.
The main r o a d s a r e t o Kandahar vi a Kalat-i-Ghilzai, and t o kabul vi a
Maidan or vi a t h e Logar val l ey. Th e s e r o a d s have a l l be e n t r a v e r s e d
by t r o o p s of all arms. The r e is a l s o a r oad t o Yakh Walang s a i d t o
be pr act i cabl e f o r ba gga ge ani mal s; and l a s t l y , t h e r e a r e t h e r o a d s
t o Indi a via t h e Toc hi and Gumal, b o t h o f whi ch a r e pr a c t i c a bl e f o r
everything e xc e pt w h e e l e d t r a f f i c .
The el evat i on o f t h e i nha bi t e d p o r t i o n s o f t h e d i s t r i c t r a n g e s
r oughl y be t we e n 6, 500 and 9, 000 f e e t . Ghazni i t s e l f is 7, 279 f e e t ,
Sayyidabad on t h e Logar is 8, 630 f e e t and Mashaki is 6, 900. The
Hazara c ount r y has , however , a c ons i de r a bl y h i g h e r e l e va t i on t h a n
t h e Ghazni d i s t r i c t pr ope r , its a l t i t u d e bei ng g u e s s e d a t from a bout
6,000 t o 11, 000.
For r evenue p u r p o s e s Ghazni is, a c c or di ng t o t h e s e c ond e d i t i o n o f
t h i s g a z e t t e e r , d i v i d e d i n t o e i g h t s ubdi vi s i ons , f ol l owi ng t h e tri-
bal d i s t r i b u t i o n s :
Divisions. (1) Taj i k, oc c upi e d c h i e f l y by Taj i ks. Th i s s ubdi vi -
si on i nc l ude s t h e t own o f Ghazni . (2) Wardak, oc c upi e d by t h e
War dak cl an; t h e l ong val l ey ment i oned above. (3) Dai Mi rdad, l yi ng
due nor t h o f Ghazni t own, be t we e n Wardak and Besud: oc c upi e d by a
m i s c @ l l a n e ~ ~ ~ popul a t i on o f War daks, Hazaras, and Ki zi l bashi s. ( 4)
Hazar% i n c l u d e s t h e we s t e r n por t i on o f t h e d i s t r i c t ; oc c upi e d by
Administrative Divisions of Ghazni Province
@3
0605
Nawar
ESTIMATE OF AGRICULTURAL POPULATION AND AREA UNDER CULTIVATION
OMNlA
ANDAR
JAGHORI
JAGHATU (WAIZ)
SHARAN
QARABAGH
MALESTAN
KATAWAZ
(ZARGUN SHAR)
m U R
NAWA
NAWOR (NAHUR)
WAZAKHWA
AB BAND
UMNA*
JAN1 KHEL
KHWAJA OMRI
KHOSHAMAND (DI LA)
DEH YAK
ZANKHAN*
GIRU ANDAR (KIRO)
WOLMAMAY
GILAN
YAHYA KHEL
(SULTAN KHEL)
YUSUF KHEL
TOTAL
Villages Agricultural
Population
Landlords Lands under Cultivation
Irrigated Non-Irrig.
in Jaribs
Total
Lands under Cultivation in Hectares
Irrigated Non-Irrig. Total
STATISTICAL ESTIMATE OF LIVESTOCK BY WOLESWAUS AND ALAKADARIS
Sheep
OMNIA 32,440
ANDAR 64,380
JAGHoRI 136,650
JAGHATU (WAIZ) 61,140
SHARAN 27,860
QARABAGH 56,160
MALESTAN 80,110
KATAWAZ (ZARGUN
SHAR) 10,820
m m 34,630
NAWA 17,550
NAWOR (NAHUR) 75,270
WAZAKHWA 50,880
AB BAND 2 1,630
UMNA* 6,540
JAN1 KHEL 10.7 10
KHWAJA OMRI 8,390
KHOSHAMAND (DILA) 38,990
BABAK*(DEHYAK) 46,950
ZANKHAN 3,180
GIRU ANDAR (KIRO) 20,600
WOL-MAMAY 9,190
GlLAN 29,950
Y A W A KHE L
(SULTAN KHEL) 28,830
YUSUF KHEL 14,750
TOTAL 887,600
Karakul Goats
Sheep
Cattle
12,790
18,240
31,430
14,450
9,280
31,260
16,710
8,140
4,540
11,320
32,240
8,940
9,390
10,460
7,750
9,050
8,460
13,780
380
8,800
8,360
10,450
9,590
7,880
302,690
Buffaloes Camels Horses
130
2 30
180
160
110
160
150
2 0
70
30
450
30
40
-
30
50
90
70
-
5 0
-
8 0
50
20
2,200
Donkeys
5,090
7,s 10
6,850
5,440
2,580
6,850
5,710
1,330
3,960
2,370
11,130
6,020
1,880
990
1,250
1,550
1,660
4,190
260
1,950
-
3,440
1,280
1,630
84,920
Mules Poultry
PRODUCTION OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS-IN KABUJJ SEERS
Grains
No n-1 rrig.
Other Crops
Industrial Other Temp.
Crops Crops
Vegetables Fruits Irrigated Total
OMNIA 1,775,470
ANDAR 1,8 12,020
JAGHoFU 2,002,5 10
JAGHATU (WAIZ) 2,878,850
SHARAN 382,270
QARABAGH 3,967,180
MALESTAN 2,072,600
KATAWAZ (ZARGUN
SHAR) 147,060
m m 1,243,130
NAWA 37 1,950
NAWOR (NAHUR) 854,410
WAZAKHWA 11 1,370
AB BAND 184,900
UMNA* 7 3,9 60
JAN1 KHEL 155,660
KHWAJA OMRI 521,590
KHOSHAMAND (DILA) 181,030
DEH YAK 445,910
ZANKHAN* 67,080
GIRU ANDAR (KI KO) 228,330
WOL-MAMAY 70,090
GILAN 540,5 10
YAHYA KHEL
(SULTAN KHEL) 501,810
WS UF KHEL 213,710
TOTAL 20,803,400
LAND UNDER IRRIGATION AND SOURCES OF IRRIGATION
Area in Jaribs
Springs Karez
Number of Sources
Springs Karez Canals Wells Total Canals Wells Water Ma s
OWl A 40,000
ANDAR 5 1,000
JAGHoRI 3 1.9 10
JACHATU (WAIZ) 17,170
SHARAN 3,6 10
QARABAGH 90,190
MALESTAN 36,850
KATAWAZ
(ZARGUN SHAR) 8 40
m m 21,250
NAWA 6,7 30
NAWOR (NAHUR) 10,040
WAZAKHWA 9 10
AB BAND 1,740
UMNA* -
JAN1 KHEL 1,540
KHWAJA OMRI 19,470
KHOSHAMAND
(DILA) 1,770
DEH YAK 3,640
ZANKHAN* 290
GlRU ANDAR (KIRO) 6,000
WOL-MAMAY 120
GlLAN 10,820
YAHYA KHEL
(SULTAN KHEL) 11,220
Y USUF KHEL 4,470
TOTAL 371,580
TOTAL CULTIVABLE LAND, BY CROP-IN KABUL1 JARlBS
Grains
Irrigated Non-Irrig.
Total Vegetables Industrial
Crops
Other
Crops
Fruits Total
Cultivated
Land
OMNIA 41,290
ANDAR 42,140
JAGHORI 46,570
JAGHATU (WAIZ) 66,950
SHARAN 8,890
QARABAGH 92,260
MALESTAN 48,200
KATAWAZ (ZARGUN
SHAR) 3,420
MOQUR 28,910
NAWA 8,650
NAWOR (NAHUR) 19,870
WAZAKHWA 2,590
AB BAND 4,300
UMNA* 1,720
JAN1 KHEL 3,620
KHWAJA OMRI 12,130
KHOSHAMAND(D1LA) 4,210
DEH YAK 10,370
ZANKHAN* 1,560
GIRU ANDAR (KIRO) 5,310
WOL-MAMAY 1,630
GILAN 12,570
YAHYA KHEL
(SULTAN KHEL) 11,670
YUSUF KHEL 4,970
TOTAL 483,800
d
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
a O ~ O ~ C O ~ N ~ 6 ~ 0 ~ ~ 0 C ~ * ~ ~ ~ ~ g g s
Y + - m m m b b d \ O O O m \ O b b d N m m N m m N
$
m d m- N a- Pi 4 4- m- a- m- m- 0- m- m- +- 0- 4 ,.- d- 4-
a d d 4 + + d \O N
C a \ O N * \ O m m b m d m m d r i m m m + m d w I n-
'=-
various s e c t i ons of Hazaras. The Hazaras who pay t r i b u t e t o ~ h a z n i
are t h e Dai Mirdad, J a gha t u, Muhammad Khwaja and t h e Chahar Dasta.
(See Military Repor t on Hazaraj at , Par t 11.) (5) A l i Khel, occu-
pied by t h e A l i Khel s e c t i o n of t h e Ghi l zai s. (6) ~ a r a k i on t h e
s o u t h e r n b o r d e r : o c c u p i e d by Ta r a ki Ghi l z a i s . (7) Andari, t h e
s out he a s t c or ne r of t h e d i s t r i c t ; oc c upi e d by Andar Ghi l zai s. (8)
Kharwar, i nha bi t a nt s Yusuf Khel and Gadai Khel ~ h i l z a i s . ( Accor di ng
t o Gr i esbach, onl y t h e we s t e r n di vi s i on of Kharwar pays r e ve nue i n t o
t h e Ghazni t r easur y. )
Ghazni is a f l our i s hi ng d i s t r i c t , f e r t i l e , w e l l wat er ed, and w e l l
cul t i vat ed. I t s year l y r evenue was sai d i n 1880 t o a ve r a ge 9 l a k h s
kham,. or R s . 6,50,000 Br i t i s h.
Climate. Rain usual l y f a l l s in March and Apri l , and is gener al l y
pr eceded by a nor t h wind. The c h i e f c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of t h e cl i mat e
ar e t h e s e v e r e col d of wi nt er and t h e mi l dnes s of t h e summer heat .
The Ghazni winter, which commences i n November and e nds in March, is
more s e ve r e t ha n t h e Kabul one: The r e is al ways a g r e a t d e a l of
snow. ~ u r i n g t h e mont hs of May and J une t h e r e is o f t e n a s t r o n g
wind from t h e Wardak di r e c t i on, whi ch br i ngs wi t h i t vi ol ent and
di sagr eeabl e s t or ms of d u s t ; it is d e s t r u c t i v e t o t h e f r ui t . Fever
pr evai l s i n t h e autumn, and c hol e r a makes its a ppe a r a nc e a t t h e same
season, and gener al l y a f t e r it ha s a ppe a r e d i n Indi a.
Population. The Popul at i on is made up mainly of Ghi l zai s ( f o r t h e
most pa r t bel ongi ng t o t h e Andari, Taraki , and A l i Khel s e c t i o n s ) ,
Wardaks, Taj i ks, and Hazaras. The r e a r e b e s i d e s a f e w Durani s and
Hindus. The main di vi s i ons of t h e Ghi l zai s i n Ghazni have s e p a r a t e
t r a c t s of count r y known by t h e name of t h e t r i b e or s e c t i o n occu-
pying it.
The vi l l ages a r e usual l y made up of a gr oup of f o r t s , or walled
encl osur es whi ch c ol l e c t i ve l y bear a common name. In most vi l l ages ,
t he r e ar e usual l y f ami l i es of he r e di t a r y s e r v a n t s and a r t i z a ns , s u c h
as t h e l o har (bl ack s mi t h) , naj j ar ( c a r pe nt e r ) , hajam ( bar ber ) , d um
(musician). They r e c e i ve t h e i r wages by a s h a r e of t h e pr oduc e a t
har vest t i me . The f ew Hi ndus t h e r e ar e, c h i e f l y r e s i d e i n Ghazni .
The i nhabi t ant s a r e di vi de d i nt o "Jai s" and "Kuchis:" t h e f or mer
i ncl ude t h e s e t t l e d por t i on of t h e popul at i on and t i l l e r s of t h e
soil; t h e "Kuchis," or nomads, a r e onl y t o be f ound a t t h e i r t r i ba l
homes in t h e summer. The Andari, Taraki , and A l i Khel s e c t i o n s of
t h e Ghi l zai s; t h e Wardaks, i ncl udi ng t h e Gadai Khel, t h e Taj i ks,
Hazaras, and Duranis, a r e c h i e f l y "Jais" or settlers. The "Kuchi s"
with t h e e xc e pt i on of t h e Dot ani s a r e al l Ghi l zai s and bel ong mainly
t o t h e s e c t i ons known a s Khar ot i s, Mian Khel, Nasi r s, Mulla Khel,
and Mianis. Many of t h e "Kuchis" come donw t o Br i t i s h t e r r i t o r y i n
t h e wi nt er, and a r e known a s Powi ndahs. Ex c e p t among Taj i ks and
Hazaras, t h e Pus ht u l anguage is gener al l y s poke n. A l l but t h e
Hazaras a r e Sunni s.
Chief imports and expor t s. The following goods are imported: salt,
dr ugs, c ot t on and woollen good s, s uga r , c o p p e r , and damani s h e e p
br ought from Multan and t h e Derajat c hi e f l y; t h e y a r e i mpor t ed f o r
t h e s a ke of t h e i r s k i n s , from whi ch t h e b e s t k i n d s of p o s t i n s a r e
manufact ured. In e xc ha nge , t h e f ol l owi ng g o o d s a r e e x p o r t e d ; oi l ,
ghi , wool , a p r i c o t s , a l monds , z i r a , ma j i t , c a r p e t s , d r u g s , a nd
sword-be1 ts.
"heat and bar l ey a r e e x p o r t e d t o Kabul, and s u p p l i e s f o r a l a r ge
f or ce ar e obt ai nabl e i n t h e nei g hbour hood of Ghazni i t s e l f .
Af gr i cul t ur e. The l and is, a c c or di ng t o t h e pr e s e nc e or a bs e nc e of
a r t i f i c i a l i r r i g a t i o n , c a l l e d a b i o r l al mi . Th e i r r i g a t e d o r a b i
land i t f u r t h e r di s t i ngui s he d a s ya kf a s l i ( s i ngl e c r op) and d u f a s l i
cr op) . The r e is a t h i r d ki nd of s o i l cal l ed c hi l ki ; t h i s is
t he wor st descr i pt i on.
The c h i e f p r o d u c t s of t h e s p r i n g h a r v e s t ar e:
wheat , barl ey, gram,
must ar d masur, l u c e r n e and cl over . The autumn c r o p s are: rice,
Indi an-corn, mot h kang hi , and t obacco.
The b e s t wheat c r o p s i n a good year a r e s ai d t o be r ai s ed on t he
lalmi l ands. They a r e s own i n t h e s p r i n g a f t e r t h e snow has melted.
The s p r i n g c r o p s on i r r i g a t e d l a n d s a r e s own i n t h e autumn.
Be s i de s t h e c r o p s above ment i oned, t h e r e a r e t ur ni ps , cucumbers,
mel ons and c a r r ot s . The r e a r e a l s o ve ge t a bl e g a r d e n s round Ghazni
and o t h e r l a r g e vi l l ages. Lar ge q u a n t i t i e s of f r u i t a r e raised,
gr a pe s , pl ums, mul ber r i es, a p r i c o t s , a p p l e s , pear s , peaches, al-
mond sf pomegranates, qui nces, etc.
A pr opr i e t a r y body e x i s t s ; t h e y e i t h e r c ul t i va t e t h e land them-
s e l ve s , or by means of Dehkans ( or t e na nt s ) . I f t h e t e na nt s provide
t h e c a t t l e f o r t h e pl ough and f i nd hal f t h e s e e d , t h e y r ecei ve one
t h i r d s h a r e of t h e pr oduc e ; b u t i n t h e e v e n t of t h e c a t t l e and seed
bei ng f ound by t h e pr opr i e t or , q u a r t e r s h a r e is r ecei ved.
Land is s ol d and mor t gaged; t h e s e l l i ng p r i c e of good l and is said
t o be R s . 2 0 Kabuli f o r l and whi ch r e q u i r e s one seer of s eed. Seven
s e e r s of s e e d land-1 j ar i b, t h e a ve r a ge s e l l i ng p r i c e of which is 7
t omans, or R s . 140.
The r e a p p e a r s t o be a p l e n t i f u l s u p p l y of wat er e x c e p t in June and
Jul y. For t h o s e mont hs it is usual l y f ound ne c e s s a r y t o appoi nt a
Mirab ( l o r d o f t h e wa t e r ) t o r e g u l a t e its d i s t r i b u t i o n i n t h e
Sehkot - payi ng vi l l ages. Lot s ( k u r r e qur ' a andazi ) settle t h e order
of t ur ns ; when onc e t h e t u r n s a r e s e t t l e d no f r e s h cas t i ng of l ot s
t o s t a r t a new r ot a t i on can be made f o r a month. For t h e Tajik
di vi s i on, a day' s wat er - suppl y is al l owed t o i r r i ga t e a kulba of
l and.
In t h e jamabast, or vi l l age wi t h f i x e d r e ve nue s , t h e regul at i on of
t h e wat er di s t r i but i on is managed by t h e mal i ks and pr opr i et or s .
Revenue system. The revenue year commences on Naoroz, corresponding
t o t h e 2 1 s t March. The r e a r e t h r e e k i n d s of assessment s- - ( l ) jama-
ba s t , (2) s e h k o t , (3) khal sa.
Under "jamabast" t h e r e ve nue is pai d pa r t l y i n cas h and partly in
ki nd. The amount is a f i x e d quant i t y. Thi s is t h e as s es s ment most
a gr e e a bl e be c a us e it s a ve s t h e i n t e r f e r e n c e whi ch is necessi t at ed
when a s har e of pr oduce is taken.
The s e h k a t a s s e s s me nt , a s t h e name i mpl i es , r e p r e s e n t s one-third
s h a r e of t h e pr oduce, The vi l l a ge s unde r t h i s a s s e s s me nt ar e usually
farmed .
The k hal sa a s s e s s me n t is f o r k hal sa l a n d s c ons i de r e d ~over nment
pr ope r t y: hal f s h a r e of t h e pr oduc e is t aken. Thi s r evenue is also
usual l y f ar med. The khal s a l a n d s a ppe a r t o have e s c he a t e d t o t he
St a t e a t some f or mer pe r i od, owi ng e i t h e r t o t h e f ai l ur e of heirs,
or d i f f e r e n c e bet ween t h e oc c upa nt s of khal s a vi l l ages and ordinary
vi l l ages is t h e h i g h e r r a t e of r e ve nue pai d. The St a t e in khalsa
l a nds r e c o v e r s what w e s houl d cal l a s upe r i or pr opr i et ar y ri ght
above t h e usual r evenue. The r e is a ppa r e nt l y no i nt e r f e r e nc e with
any of t h e r i g h t s and pr i vi l e ge s whi ch a t t a c h t o pr opr i et or s .
Fr ui t t r e e s , must ar d, l uc e r ne ( r e s h ka), c l ove r ( s ha f t al l , tobacco,
and ve ge t a bl e s pay a t a c a s h r a t e of R s . 5 kham pe r jarib.
Ot her i ncome b e s i d e s l and r evenue. Be s i de s t h e l and revenue t he
f ol l owi ng t a x e s a r e a l s o l evi ed. hey a r e di vi s i bl e under three
he a ds , and i nc l ude al l t h e i ncome b u t t h a t whi ch comes under land
revenue : --
Wajuhat or Taxes
(1) "Sayer , " o r c u s t o m d u t i e s . T h e s e a r e t r a n s i t dut i es
l e vi e d on mer chandi s e pa s s i ng t h r o g h t h e d i s t r i c t a t t h e r at e
"*
2 pe r l oad (camel), and RS. 1 f o r e ve r y 40 r u p e e s ' value, arbitrari-
l y s e t t l e d by t h e Hakim' s r e p r e s e n t a t i v e when t h e g o o d s reach Ghaz-
ni. he income was s ai d t o be R s . 46, 333 i n 1879.
(2) "Zarb Khana," o r mint-tax.
The f ar mer ' s i ncome is made by
calling
i n t h e c o p p e r coi nage twice i n t h e year and r e- st ampi ng it;
when cal l ed i n t o b e r e- st amped, s i x p i c e a r e r e c kone d a s e qua l t o
one s hahi ; when r e- i s s ued f i v e pi c e ( t h e or di nar y val ue of a s ha hi )
ar e paid. The t a x was f ar med f o r R s . 1, 100 i n 1879. ( I t is pr oba-
bly now ext i nct . )
(3) Tobacco Li cens e Tax. The s a l e of l i c e n s e s t o sell t oba c c o
r eal i zed R s . 200 i n 1879. Only p e r s o n s wi t h l i c e n s e s a r e pe r mi t t e d
t o sell t obacco.
(4) " Da l a l i Bazar," or Age nt ' s Tax. The dal al s, or a g e n t s a r e
ent i t l ed t o a commi ssi on a t t h e r a t e of 1.8 p e r c e nt . The St a t e is
e nt i t l e d t o hal f of t h i s . The t a x is usual l y f ar med: it r e a l i z e d
R s . 400 i n 1979.
(5) "Kala Dagh," or l i t er al l y, t h e head st amp. his is a t ax
on meat ki l l ed and b r o u g h t i nt o t h e c i t y f o r consumpt i on. The t a x
is, Like t h e o t h e r s f ar med; t h e i ncome was R s . 1, 166 i n 1879.
(6) "Resham Faroshi , " or l i c e n s e f o r t h e r i g h t t o sell s i l k.
Thi s t ax f e t c h e d R s . 216 i n 1979.
(7) "Tarazudari" or t a x f o r t h e r i g h t t o wei gh gr ai n. Li ens e
e nt i t l e s t h e hol de r t o wei gh gr ai n whe r e t h e r e ve nue is c ol l e c t e d i n
ki nd; t h e weighman r e c e i ve s a c e r t a i n amount f o r t h e t r oubl e of
weighing. The tax f e t c he d Rs . 410 in 1879.
(8) "Kotwali Tax." Thi s t a x is r e c ove r e d from t h e f e e s pai d
t o Kotwals on t h e i r appoi nt ment . I t is made good by t h e Kotwal from
f i nes , f o r f e i t u r e s and br i bes . I t r e a l i s e d R s . 500 i n 1879.
Ther e is b e s i d e s an i ncome from "Asnaf," o r t a x e s on e ve r y t r a d e and
pr of es s i on, whi ch br i ng from R s . 30 t o one- t hi r d p e r annum, i n
accor dance wi t h t h e p r o f i t s of t h e t r a d e o r pr of e s s i on. They real-
i s ed R s . 484 i n 1879.
Ther e is a not he r i mpos i t i on known a s "Sarghala, " whi ch is a t a x on
s he e p and c a t t l e i n t h e c i t y and some s e ve nt e e n vi l l ages , and i n t h e
subur bs wher e t h e t ax is not i ncl uded i n t h e r evenue.
The t ot a l of al l t h e s e t a x e s is sai d t o have been R s . 55,530 dur i ng
t h e year 1879. Most of t h e f or e goi ng whi ch r e l a t e s t o t a xa t i on ha s
ben t aken from t h e 1882 edi t i on.
Civil admi ni st r at i on. The c i vi l admi ni s t r at i on of t h e d i s t r i c t is
i n t h e hands of a Gover nor o r Hakim a ppoi nt e d from Kabul. H i s head-
quar t er s a r e a t Ghazni. In 1879 t h e r e were a l s o Hakims i n t h e
Wardak, A l i Khel, and Taraki di vi s i ons ; t h e y r e c e i ve d t h e i r pay and
t h e pr opor t i on on f i n e s and f o r f e i t u r e s i n t h e i r own d i s t r i c t . They
were under t h e Ghazni Hakim i n r evenue and cri mi nal mat t er s , i n s o
f ar t h a t Ghazni was t h e c a pi t a l of t h e d i s t r i c t and t h e head o f f i c e
f or account s. Appeal s a ga i ns t o p p r e s s i o n s wer e a l s o made t o him.
The dut i e s of t h e gover nor a ppe a r t o have been t o r e c e i ve r e ve nue
and de c i de small cri mi nal c a s e s in whi ch t h e puni s hment s wer e us ual -
l y f i nes . Ci vi l c a s e s went t o t h e kazi.
Cri mi nal c a s e s o f a s e r i o u s k i n d were, and no d o u b t still a r e ,
r epor t ed f o r o r d e r s t o Kabul.
In each t a ppa t h e r e was a Diwan or Mirza by whom t h e r evenue col l ec-
t i ons wer e s upe r i nt e nde d and t h e a c c ount ke pt . They wer e pai d i n
Pr opor t i on t o t h e revenue recovered.
The r evenue acount s were a c c or di ng t o t h e kham and t a br i z i s ys t e ms
comput i ng money and measuri ng by wei ght . ( Has t i ngs , I.B.C.)
GHAZNI j>
33-33 68-25. Ghazni is t h e name of a t own and a wol eswal i i n t h e
Ghazni pr ovi nce. The wol eswal i compr omi ses an ar ea of 328 s qua r e
ki l ome t e r s and h a s an a g r i c u l t u r a l p o p u l a t i o n wh i c h h a s b e e n
variously est i mat ed a t from 13, 540 t o 26, 432.
The wol es wal i is bounde d i n t h e w e s t by J a g h a t u , i n t h e nor t h by
Kh waja O m r i and Zena Khan, i n t h e e a s t by Deh Yak, and i n t h e south
by Andar. The wol es wal i i n c l u d e s 8 5 vi l l a ge s o f whi ch 18 have more
t h a n 500 i nha bi t a nt s .
Th e vi l l a ge s are l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows :
Qala-i-Ahangaran, Gad 01-i-Ahangaran, Raw za- i - Sul t an, Ba h l o l Sahi b,
Shams Sahi b, Hakim Sahi b, Mugulan, Kus hk, Mir Moh' d Kan (Qala-i-Amir
Moh' d), Pas Hesar , Shal i z, Qala-i-Shir-Moh' d Shal i z, Arzo, Gad01
Malik Moh' d, Amir Shabaz, Zar gar , Mangal (Mangor), Kh waja Ahmad,
Gad 01-i-Raiyat, Mushakan, Kala Ghach, Kala G hach-i-Ulya, Kala Ghach-
i - Suf l a , Zay Waj ( Za ywj a t ) , Na ka , Qar ya- i - Qar ah- Bag h i , A l i Lala,
Arbabaha, Hi ndu Guzar, Gadol-i-Jabar, Gadol-i-Wahshi, Gadol - i - ~k h-
t a r , Gad 01-i-Mulla Abd ur r ahi m, Gad 01-i-Par w i z , Qala-i-As hr a t , Qala-
i-Mudir-Sahib, Qala-i-Kalantar, P i r z a d , C h a r Qal a- i - Ni yazi , Qala-i-
Qad am Khan, Sara y-i-Arbab, Qala-i-Arbab, Masjed - Ka r d- ~a r i , Qarya-i-
Malik Kunjak, Qala-i-Mufti ( Masj ed- i - Muf t i ) , Qal a- i - Ni yazi , Niyazi-
i-Ulya, Niyazi-i-Sufla, Qarya-i-Mushak, Bakawol-i-Saydan (Bakawol),
Qala-i-Azad Khan, Qala-i-Nau-i-Kh waja Rushnai , Deh Khudai dad, Nok hi
( Nog h i ) Ze l z e l a , Qa l a t i , La s h mak, J e l a u g i r , Lag har i , Qala-i-Qazi,
Masjed-i-Baba-Ali Sahi b, Masjed-i-Khutbi, Mahala Qarah, ~ar waza- i -
Sa na i (G u zar-i- Sanai Sa h i b ) , Qala Nau-i-Sar Reg (Qala-i-Nau-i-Sara-
k a k ) , Qal a- i - Yaqub, Qar ya- i - Mi r za- At aul l ah Wa Sa r d a r , Masjed-i-
Kulali, Mahala-i-Rais, Masjed-i-Darwaza-i-~iri, Khwaja Baqal Sahib,
Gadol - i - At a Moh' d, Qar ya- i - Ahmadi , Qa r ya - i - Sha kht a k ( Si nj e t a k) ,
G h e y a b Qa l a n d a r ( G h a i b Qa l a n d a r ) , Qala-i-K h a n j a r , Qala-i-Jaw z,
Is f and e h , Qala-i-Amu, Qala-i- W a l i Pos t i n Doz, Qarya-i-Mo hammad Al i ,
Masjed-i-Babaji Sahi b, Masjed-i-Utaq-i-Shah, Masjed-i-Shah Abulfa-
t e h , Alizai, Qala-i-Shu k u r k ha n, Qala-i-Amir Sa h i b , Qala-i-Darak h-
s ha n, As f akha, I mal i st an Sahi b, and Gornali (LWA).
In 1914 Ghazni was d e s c r i b e d a s f ol l ows : El evat i on 7, 279 f e e t . The
pr i nc i pa l pl a c e i n t h e Ghazni d i s t r i c t , d i s t a n t 89 miles from Kabul
vi a Maidan, 221- 1/2 f r om Kandahar vi a Kalat-i-Ghilzai and about
190 f r om Bannu via t h e Tochi . I t is a de c a ye d t own o f no miliary
s t r e n g t h , and c ont a i ns onl y a bout 1, 000 i nha bi t e d hous es . I t is
s i t u a t e d on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Ghazni r i v e r on t h e l e ve l ground
be t we e n t h e r i v e r and t h e t er mi nat i on o f a s p u r whi ch h e r e r uns east
and w e s t f r om t h e Gul Koh r ange: and it may b e de s c r i be d as an
i r r e g u l a r s q u a r e , h a v i n g a t o t a l c i r c u i t o f a b o u t 2, 175 yar dst
e x c l u s i v e o f t h e w a l l of t h e c i t a de l . 1t is s ur r ounde d by a high
wall ( about 30 f e e t h i g h ) b u i l t on t h e t o p o f a mound, i n Part
nat ur al and i n p a r t a r t i f i c i a l . The w a l l is pa r t l y of s t one and
br i c k masonr y l ai d i n mud, and pa r t l y of cl ay b u i l t i n c our s e s i n a
manner common i n Af gha ni s t a n. I t is f l a n k e d a t i r r e gul a r intervals
by t owe r s .
Th e Ci t a de l is p e r c h e d on t h e t o p of an a b r u p t d e t a c h e d knol l on t he
nor t h s i d e o f t h e c i t y. ~t is 150 f e e t a bove t h e pl ai n, and corn-
mands t h e c i t y compl et el y. 1ts d e f e n c e s a r e a h i g h masonry wall,
l oop- hol e d and pr ovi de d wi t h a pa r a pe t , b u t no r ampar t , save t he
nat ur al hi l l . Th e r e a r e f o u r t owers a t t h e a ngl e s , but t h e s e are
s m a l l and i ns i gni f i c a nt . Th e c i t a d e l h a s no o t h e r s t r e n g t h than
t h a t a f f o r d e d by its commandi ng s i t ua t i on and f or mi dabl e slopes;
t h e a r e a of t h e summi t o f t h e knol l is s o c o n f i n e d , and t h e build-
i n g s s o i l l - adapt ed t o wi t hs t a nd s h e l l s t h a t when t h e out e r or t own
w a l l is c a r r i e d , a ga r r i s on would b e a bl e t o make b u t a s hor t
f e n c e , i f ve r t i c a l f i r e we r e b r o u g h t i n t o pl ay a g a i n s t t hem.
The s u p p l y o f t h e wat er i n t h e c i t a d e l is ve r y bad, t h e r e being Only
o n e w e l l i n s i d e it, whi c h is ge ne r a l l y dr y.
The t own and c i t a d e l a r e b o t h commanded by t h e hi l l s t o t h e
b u t t h e f or mer is i n a meas ur e s h e l t e r e d by t h e c i t a d e l r ock*
Th e c i t y i t s e l f is c ompos e d o f d i r t y i r r e g u l a r streets of houses
s e ve r a l s t o r i e s h i g h . Round t h e f o o t o f t h e c i t a d e l r o c k on t h e
e a s t and west s i d e s , t h e r e is a s m a l l o p e n s p a c e var yi ng f r om 1 0 0 t o
50 ya r ds , b u t on t h e s o u t h s i d e t h e h o u s e s come c l o s e u p t o t h e
s c a r p o f t h e r o c k . Th e streets a r e v e r y i r r e g u l a r , b u t f r om t h e
Kanah g a t e t o t h e Kandahar g a t e a street r u n s wi t h s ome p r e t e n t i o n s
t o uni f or mi t y o f b r e a d t h and d i r e c t n e s s o f c o u r s e . Anot he r st reet
l e a d s n o r t h e a s t t o t h e o p e n s p a c e on t h e w e s t o f t h e c i t a d e l r o c k ,
and from t h e Kabul g a t e t o t h e o t h e r s t h e r e is communi cat i on b y
s e ve r a l narow and i r r e g u l a r streets. The h o u s e s a r e b u i l t o f mud,
and have f l a t r o o f s i n mo s t c a s e s , b u t i n some t h e y a r e domed.
AS a c i t y , Ghazni w i l l n o t be a r a n y c ompa r i s on wi t h Kabul o r Kanda-
har, and a p r e v i o u s v i s i t t o t h e Bazar s o f e i t h e r woul d d i s a p p o i n t
one i n v i s i t i n g t h e d a r k e n e d nar r ow st reet s and s m a l l " Chahar s u" o f
Ghazni. However , it p o s e s s e s s n u g h o u s e s a nd c a p i t a l s t a b l i n g ,
s u f f i c i e n t f o r a caval r y b r i g a d e , wi t h i n its wal l s and i n t h e c i t a -
del ; pa r t i c ul a r l y t h e s q u a r e s and r e s i d e n c e s o f its l e a d i n g men a r e
in many i n s t a n c e s s p a c i o u s , and e v e n p r i n c e l y i n t h e i r s t y l e and
de c or a t i ons .
The i n h a b i t a n t s a r e c ompos e d o f Af g h a n s , Hazara l a b o u r e r s , and
p e r h a p s 50 f ami l i es o f Hi ndu s h o p - k e e p e r s , b a n k e r s , and t r a d e r s .
Bellew s a y s t h e y h a v e a l o o k o f wr e t c h e d n e s s and p o v e r t y , and a r e
r emar kabl e onl y f o r t h e i r i g n o r a n c e and s u p e r s t i t i o n . Th e y a r e a
ver y mi xed communi t y; t h e Hazar as h e r e a r e mor e numer ous t h a n any-
wher e else i n t h e c o u n t r y , and t h e Hi ndus a r e a t h r i v i n g r a c e .
The Hi ndus a r e r e q u i r e d t o wear t i g h t t r o u s e r s i n s t e a d o f l o o s e
o n e s , a n d a b l a c k c a p f o r a t u r b a n , a n d t o p a y a s ma l l t a x a s
i n f i d e l s . For t h e s e c o n c e s s i o n s t h e y r e c e i v e p r o t e c t i o n and e v e n
c o n s i d e r a t i o n , a n d a r e a l l o we d t o p r a c t i s e t h e i r i d o l a t r i e s i n
s e c r e t ; t h e i r s t r a n g e d r e s s and d i r t y h a b i t s a r e v e r y u n l i k e t h e
Hi ndus of I ndi a, b u t t h e y a r e still t h e same q u i e t , money-making
peopl e.
The c h i e f t r a d e o f t h e pl a c e is i n c o r n and f r u i t s and ma dde r all o f
whi ch a r e l a r g e l y p r o d u c e d i n t h e d i s t r i c t . S h e e p ' s wool and cam-
el' s hai r c l o t h a r e b r o u g h t i n t o t h e ma r k e t f r om t h e a d j o i n i n g
Hazara count r y. But t h e t r a d e o f Ghazni is n o t near l y s o g r e a t a s
it mi ght be, and t h i s is a t t r i b u t e d by Bellw t o va r i ous c i r c ums t a nc -
e s , of whi ch t h e p r i n c i p a l a r e a want o f l i b e r a l e n c o u r a g e me n t s o n
t h e p a r t of t h e r u l e r s o f t h e c o u n t r y and t h e unf a vour a bl e s i t u a t i o n
of t h e c i t y a s w e l l a s its s e v e r e cl i mat e. Th e r e a r e no manuf ac-
t u r e s c a r r i e d on a t Ghazni , e x c e p t t h a t o f s h e e p s k i n c o a t s . ( pos -
t i n s ) .
Water is s u p p l i e d t o t h e c i t y f r om t h e r i v e r o f Ghazni , and t h e
f aci l i t y wi t h whi c h it can b e t u r n e d i n t o t h e d i t c h e s p r e c l u d e s t h e
Pos s i bi l i t y o f its bei ng c u t o f f .
Suppl i e s s h o u l d b e p r o c u r a b l e i n Ghazni i n c o n s i d e r a b l e q u a n t i t y ,
es peci al l y wh e a t and bar l ey, a s it f u r n i s h e s Kabul wi t h t h e s e
a r t i c l e s ; and a s t h e r e a r e ma g n i f i c e n t p a s t u r e s near it, g r a s s
shoul d a l s o b e abundant . The f ood s u p p l i e s normal l y avai l abl e i n
Ghazni ar e:
At t a
Da 11
Ghi
S a l t
800 maunds
5 0
200
8 0
Wheat 4,000
Bar l ey 5, 000
Rice 500
Ghazni is c e l e b r a t e d f o r t h e e x c e l l e n c e o f its a p p l e s and mel ons,
bot h of whi ch a r e s u p p l i e d t o t h Kabul ma r k e t i n g r e a t q u a n t i t i e s ,
t o g e t h e r wi t h a p r i c o t s and cor n.
Th e ma dde r g r o wn i n t h e v i c i n i t y
is al most a l l e x p o r t e d t o Hi ndust an. Tobacco and c o r n a r e g r o wn
Only f o r home cons umpt i on; s o is t h e c a s t or - oi l p l a n t on a c c o u n t of
its oi l , whi c h is ge ne r a l l y u s e d f o r dome s t i c , and in a measure
e ve n, f o r c ul i na r y p u r p o s e s . On t h e c a p t u r e o f Ghazni by t h e army
o f t h e I n d u s , 500, 000 l bs . of whe a t and ba r l e y and 79,080 lbs. of
f l our were f ound i n t h e pl ace.
Th e cl i mat e o f Ghazni f o r s e v e r a l mont hs o f t h e year is ver y cold,
Snow is s a i d t o lie on t h e gr ound f r om November t o February, but
when Lor d Cr uzon was a t Ghazni e a r l y i n December 1894 t h e r e was no
snow a t al l . I n summer t h e h e a t is s a i d n o t t o e qua l t h a t of Kabul
o r Kandahar, t h o u g h it is r e n d e r e d d i s a g r e e a b l e and i nj uri ous by
c o n s t a n t dus t - s t or ms , wh i l s t t h e ba r e r o c k y h e i g h t s of Balai (His-
ar ?) t h a t rise i mmedi at el y t o t h e n o r t h o f t h e c i t y r adi at e t hei r
h e a t i n t o it and r e n d e r t h e ni ght - a i r c l o s e and o p p r e s s i v e .
Duri ng t h e summer and aut umn mont hs , f e v e r s of t y p h o i d or bilious
t y p e a r e s ai d t o b e v e r y p r e v a l e n t and f a t a l , wh i l s t i n wi nt er t he
mo r t a l i t y among t h e p e o p l e is g r e a t e r t h a n i n o t h e r c i t i e s of
Af gha ni s t a n, owi ng t o t h e s e v e r i t y o f t h e c ol d and t h e s car ci t y of
f ue l . Wood is n o t us ual l y t o b e had f o r f ue l , and its pl ace is
s u p p l i e d by t h o r n y s h r u b s t h a t gr ow i n t h e s ur r oundi ng country
t h o u g h e v e r y avai l abel c ombus t i bl e is a l s o us e d by t h e poor.
The vi ew f r om t h e c i t a d e l is e x t e n s i v e , b u t by no means inviting;
t h e pl ai n is b u t i n d i f f e r e n t l y f u r n i s h e d wi t h vi l l ages , but t her e
a r e ve r y many s h r i n e s , 197 be i ng t h e number gi ven. The s e ar e f or
t h e mos t p a r t s u r r o u n d e d by o r c h a r d sf vi neyar d sf and cor nf i el ds.
Ex c e p t i n g al ong t h e c o u r s e o f its r i ve r , t o t h e vi c i ni t y of which
t h e c u l t i v a t i o n a n d v i l l a g e s a r e mo s t l y c o n f i n e d , t h e pl ai n of
Ghazni h a s an e mpt y and ba r e a s p e c t . Th e l i n e s o f ka r e z c r os s t he
r oad a t i n t e r v a l s of 8 o r 1 0 m i l e s on t h e i r way t o t h e f e w villages
t h a t a r e wi del y s c a t t e r e d ove r t h e pl ai n c ount r y.
The d i s t a n t h i l l s e x t e n d i n l ow r a n g e s o f ba r e r o c k , and t h e coun-
t r y s k i r t i n g t hem is a r avi ny wa s t e , wa nde r e d ove r by a vagabond
s e c t o n of t h e Ghi l zai t r i b e , wh o s e i mmense f l o c k s of goa t s , s heep,
and camel s s h a r e t h e p a s t u r e wi t h h e r d s of wi l d d e e r , whi ch, with
wol ves, f o x e s , and ha r e s , a r e t h e d e n i z e n s o f t h i s wi l der nes s , in
whi c h a l s o t o r t o i s e s and s e v e r a l s p e c i e s of l i z a r d abound. The
bl ack ha i r t e n t s ("Kizhdi") of t h e s e I s r a e l i t e s of t h e d e s e r t are
s e e n d o t t i n g t h e c o u n t r y a t f r e q u e n t i nt e r va l s , and al ways occupying
t h e s h e l t e r e d hol l ows i n its s u r f a c e f o r p r o t e c t i o n from t h e keen
bl a s t o f t h e west wi nd, whi c h bl ows wi t h c ons i de r a bl e violence
d u r i n g t h e s p r i n g , a nd, till t h e s u n b e w e l l r i s e n, is ver y bleak
and numbing i n its e f f e c t s , and i nj ur i ous t o t h e e y e s from t h e f or ce
wi t h whi c h it d r i v e s p a r t i c l e s of d u s t b e f o r e it. A s t unt e d brush-
wood, sel dom e x c e e d i n g 3 f e e t in h e i g h t , and usual l y not S O hi gh, is
s c a t t e r e d ove r t h e d r e a r y wast e.
The site of t h e ol d c i t y, d e s t r o y e d by t h e Pr i nce o f Ghor, l i es 2
1/2 miles t o t h e n o r t h e a s t and is now oc c upi e d by t h e vi l l age
Roza.
Pr obabl y t h e e a r l i e s t a u t h e n t i c n o t i c e whi c h h i s t o r y a f f o r d s Of
Ghazni is o f t h e d a t e 976, when it was made t h e s e a t of government
by Abus t aken, an a d v e n t u r e r of Bokhar a. H e was, a f t e r a short
i nt e r va l , s u c c e e d e d by Sabakt agi n, t h e f a t h e r of t h e r e no wried Mah-
mud, t h e d e s t r o y e r . Few p u r s u e d t h e c a r e e r o f c o n q u e s t with more
per sever ance or s uc c e s s t han Mahmud, whose empi re e x t ended from the
Ti g r i s t o t h e Ganges , and from t h e I ndi an Ocean t o t h e Oxus* It
f e l l t o p i e c e s on h i s d e a t h ; and i n 1151 h i s capi t al , ~ h a z n ~ f was
st ormed by AUahuddin, prince of ~ h o r , who massacred t h e inhabitants
on t h e s p o t wi t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f t h o s e o f r ank; t h e s e h e conveyed
t o Ghor , and t h e r e b u t c h e r e d t hem, us i ng t h e i r bl ood t o moisten t he
mor t ar wi t h whi c h h e c o n s t r u c t e d f o r t i f i c a t i o n s .
A t t h e t i m e o f t h e f i r s t Br i t i s h i nvas i on o f Af ghani s t an, Sir John
Keane, moved by t h e r e p o r t s h e had he a r d a s t o t h e weaknes s of the
de f e nc e s of Ghazni , l e f t behi nd all s i e g e g u n s a t Kandahar. On
arri val a t ~ h a z n i it was c l os e l y r e c onnoi t r e d by t h e Quar t er mast er -
General and Fi el d Engi neer , and f ound t o be ve r y much s t r o n g e r t ha n
t hey had been l e d t o e x p e c t ; t h e obs t a c l e s t o e i t h e r mining o r
escal adi ng wer e sai d t o be i nsur mount abl e, and a s t h e r e was no s i e g e
ar t i l l er y wi t h t h e f o r c e t h e onl y r e s o u r c e l e f t was t o a t t e mp t a
coup-de-main by bl owi ng in t h e Kabul gat e. Her e t h e r oad t o t h e
gat e was cl ear , t h e b r i d g e over t h e d i t c h unbr oken; t h e r e were good
posi t i ons f o r a r t i l l e r y wi t hi n 300 ya r ds of t h e wal l s on bot h s i d e s
of t h e r oad, and it was t h e ony gat eway not bui l t up. I t was
accor di ngl y det er mi ned t o make t h e attempt.
"It was ar r anged t h a t an e xpl os i on par t y, c ons i s t i ng of t h r e e of f i -
c e r s of Engi neer s, Capt ai n Peat , Li eut enant s Durand and McLeod, 3
s e r ge a nt s , and 18 men of t h e s a p p e r s i n wor ki ng d r e s s , car r yi ng 300
l bs. of powder i n 12 sand bags , wi t h a hos e 72 f e e t l ong, s houl d be
ready t o move down t o t h e gateway a t daybreak.
" A t mi dni ght t h e f i r s t ba t t e r y l e f t camp, f ol l owed by t h e o t h e r f o u r
a t i nt er val s of hal f an hour . Thos e t o t h e r i g h t of t h e r oad were
conduct ed t o t h e i r pos i t i ons by Li eut enant St ua r t ; t h o s e t o t h e l e f t
by Lieutenant Anderson. The ground f or t h e guns was prepared by t h e
s a ppe r s and Pi oneer s, t a ki ng a dva nt a ge of t h e i r r e gul a r i t i e s of t h e
ground t o t h e r i g h t , and of some ol d ga r de n wal l s t o t h e l e f t .
"The ar t i l l er y was all in pos i t i on and r e a dy by 3 A.M. of t h e 23r d
and s hor t l y a f t e r , a t t h e f i r s t dawn, t h e pa r t y unde r c a pt a i n Peat
moved down t o t h e gat eway, accompani ed by s i x men of Her Maj est y' s
13t h Li ght I nf a nt r y wi t hout t h e i r be l t s , and s u p p o r t e d by a de t a c h-
ment of t h e same r egi ment , whi ch e x t e n d e d t o t h e r i g h t and l e f t of
t h e road. When t h e y ar r i ved a t t h e d i t c h t h e y t ook a dva nt a ge o f
what cover t h e y coul d f i nd, and endeavour ed t o k e e p down t h e f i r e
from t h e r ampar t s, whi ch became heavy on t h e a ppr oa c h of t h e pa r t y,
t hough it had been remarkabl y s l ack d. uring t h e pr e vi ous ope r a t i ons .
Blue l i ght s were shown which rendered surrounding obj ect s di st i nct l y
vi si bl e, but l uc ki l y t h e y wer e bur ned on t h e t o p of t h e pa r a pe t
i nst ead of bei ng t hr own i n t o t h e pa s s a ge bel ow.
"The e xpl os i on pa r t y mar ched s t e a di l y on headed by Li eut enant Dur-
and; t h e powder was pl aced, t h e h o s e l ai d, t h e t r ai n f i r e d , and t h e
carryi ng par t y had r e t i r e d t o t ol er abl e c ove r in less t ha n t wo
minutes. The a r t i l l e r y ope ne d when t h e bl ue l i g h t s a ppe a r e d, and
t h e musket r y from t h e cover i ng par t y a t t h e same t i me . So qui c kl y
was t h e oper at i on per f or med, and s o little was t h e enemy awar e of
t h e nat ur e of i t , t h a t not a man of t h e pa r t y was hur t .
" A s soon a s t h e e xpl os i on t ook pl ace, Capt ai n Peat , a l t hough h u r t
by t h e c o n c u s s i o n , h i s a n x i e t y p r e v e n t i n g him f r om k e e p i n g
s uf f i c i e nt l y under cover , ran up t o t h e ga t e , accompani ed by a smal l
Party of Her Maj est y' s 13t h Li ght i nf a nt r y, and a s c e r t a i ne d t h a t it
was compl et el y de s t r oye d. The r e was some del ay i n g e t t i n g a bugl e r
t o sound t h e advance, t h e s i gna l a gr e e d on f or t h e a s s a ul t i ng column
t o Push on, and t h i s was t h e onl y mi s t ake i n t h e oper at i on.
'#The as s aul t i ng column, c ons i s t i ng of f o u r European r e gi me nt s (Her
Malesty's 2nd Regiment, Bengal Eur opean Regi ment , Her Maj est y' s 1 3 t h
Li ght I nf ant r y, and Her Maj est y' s 17t h Regi ment ) commanded by Briga-
di e r Sale, t h e advance under Li eut enant - Col onel Dennie, accompani ed
Li eut enant St ua r t , Engi neer s , moved s t e a di l y t h r o u g h t h e gat eway,
t hr ough a pa s s a ge i ns i de t h e gat eway in a domed bui l di ng, whi ch
Opening on one s i de rendered everyt hi ng very obscure and rendered it
d i f f i c u l t t o f i nd t h e o u t l e t i nt o t h e town. They m e t wi t h little
but a pa r t y of t h e enemy s e e i ng a br eak in t h e column,
Owing t o t h e d i f f i c u l t y i n scrambl i ng over t h e r ubbi s h i n t h e gat e-
way, made a r u s h , swor d i n hand, and c u t down a good many men,
woundi ng t h e Br i g ad ier and s e v e r a l o t h e r of f i c e r s . These swordsmen
were r e p u l s e d , and t h e r e was no mor e r e g u l a r oppos i t i on; t h e
p r i s e and alarm of t h e gove r nor and s a r d a r s be i ng s o gr e a t , when
t h e y saw t h e col umn oc c upyi ng t h e o p e n s p a c e i n s i d e t h e ga t e and
f i r i n g upon t hem, t h a t t h e y f l e d , accompani ed by t h e i r men, even t he
ga r r i s on o f t h e c i t a d e l f ol l owi ng t h e i r exa.;.ple. Pa r t i e s of t he
Af gha ns t o o k r e f u g e i n t h e h o u s e s , f i r i n g on t h e column a s it made
its way t h r o u g h t h e streets, and a good d e a l o f d e s u l t r y f i ght i ng
t o o k pl a c e i n c o n s e q u e n c e , by whi c h s ome l o s s was s us t a i ne d. The
c i t a d e l was o c c u p i e d a s s oon a s d a y l i g h t s h o we d t h a t it had been
abandoned by t h e enemy, and t h e whol e of t h e wor ks wer e in our
pos s es s i on b e f o r e 5 A.M.
" W e l o s t 17 men--6 Eur ope a ns and 11 Nat i ves ki l l e d, - 18 of f i cer s
and 117 Eur ope a ns a nd 30 Nat i ves wounded: t o t a l 182. Of t h e ~ f -
g h a n s , mor e t h a n 514 were ki l l e d i n t h e t own ( t h a t number of bodi es
havi ng be e n bur i e d a nd, and a bout 100 o u t s i d e by t h e cavalry;
1, 600 p r i s o n e r s were t a k e n b u t t h e r e was no means o f est i mat i ng t he
number o f t h e i r wounded. Af t e r t h e c a p t u r e of t h i s pl ace, a garri-
s o n o f a d e t a c h me n t o f a r t i l l e r y, o n e r e g i me n t o f i nf a nt r y (16th
Bengal Nat i ve I nf a nt r y) and 200 caval r y o f t h e Sha h' s f or c e , was
l e f t i n it.
" Thi s was a f t e r wa r d s c h a n g e d , and a t t h e t i m e o f t h e out br eak in
1841, t h e 27t h Bengal Nat i ve I nf a nt r y was i n ga r r i s on, but no re-
p a i r s had be e n made i n t h e c i t a d e l , nor had any s t e p s been t aken to
l ay In pr ovi s i ons . On t h e 2 0 t h November t h e enemy a ppe a r e d, and on
t h e 1 6 t h December, a i de d by t h e t o wn s p e o p l e , t h e y g o t i nt o t h e ci t y,
f o r c i n g t h e g a r r i s o n t o retire t o t h e c i t a de l . The ga r r i s on began
t o s u f f e r c o n s i d e r a b l e h a r d s h i p . t h e y were all t ol d o f f i nt o t hr ee
wat ches. The t hermomet er sank t o 14 d e g r e e s below zero, t wo pounds
o f wood was all t h a t c oul d be al l owed f o r c ooki ng or warmt h, and t he
ga r r i s on was p u t on hal f r a t i ons . ' The s e p o y s ' s a y s o f f i c e r of t he
gaxr i s on, ' became u s e l e s s , and i f t h e enemy had had pl uck t o make a
r u s h , t h e y c oul d have c a r r i e d t h e wo r k s any day a f t e r Christmas
Day.' Th e ga r r s i on he l d o u t till t h e 6 t h March, when having no
l o n g e r t h e snow t o r e l y on f o r a s u p p l y of wat er , and t h e i r provi-
s i o n s bei ng e x h a u s t e d , t h e y e va c ua t e d t h e c i t a de l . They were t hen
q u a r t e r e d i n t h e t o wn , b u t o n t h e 7 t h De c e mbe r t h e y were
t r e a c h e r o u s l y a t t a c k e d by t h e enemy, and t h e h o u s e s car r i ed and all
who were f ound mur de r e d. On t h e 1 0 t h a l l t h e s ur vi vor s Were
c o l l e c t e d in t wo h o u s e s i n t o whi c h t h e enemy f i r e d r ound s hot . On
t h a t n i g h t t h e y s u r r e n d e r e d t h e ms e l v e s t o Shamsh-ud-di n Khan; t he
o f f i c e r s were mos t br ut a l l y t r e a t e d , t h e s e p o y s wer e sol d into
s l a ve r y or mur de r e d, b u t when Gener al Not t advanced and occupied
Ghazni 327 of t h e s e poys were recovered. "
On t h e oc c a s i on o f Gener al No t t l s a dva nc e , t h e enemy evacuated
Ghazni wi t hout f i g h t i n g , e x c e p t i n a s ki r mi s h t h e da y be f or e t h e
t own was t o have be e n a t t a c k e d ; b u t a s Gener al Not t pr opos ed to
have a t t a c k e d t h e c i t y a t a d i f f e r e n t p o i n t t o t h a t us e d by Sir J*
Keane, it w i l l be u s e f u l and i n t e r e s t i n g t o g i v e an e x t r a c t from the
r e p o r t of Major Sa nde r s , t h e Engi ne e r i n c h a r g e of t h e ProPoeed
a t t a c k : -- "The guar ds , " h e s a y s , " r e qui r e d f o r t h e pr ot ect i on and
g e n e r a l d u t i e s of t h e camp a bs or be d s o many men t h a t but f ew were
avai l abl e f o r t h e d u t i e s o f a s i e g e . The Gener al t h e r e f o r e det er-
mi ned n o t t o i n v e s t t h e pl a c e i n f or m, and d i r e c t e d t h e engi neer to
c o n c e n t r a t e t h e r e s o u r c e s a t h i s d i s p o s a l a t one s p o t , wher e protec-
t i on mi ght be mos t c onve ni e nt l y a f f o r d e d t o t h e s i e g e oper at i ons o
"With a d v e r t e n c e t o t h e s e i n s t r u c t i o n s t h e e ngi ne e r pr oposed
e s t a b l i s h a b a t t e r y on t h e r i d g e o f t h e hi l l nor t h o f t h e t o wn in
a dva nc e o f t h e vi l l a ge of Balal, and d i s t a n t a bout 350 yar ds
t h e n e a r e s t p o i n t o f t h e walls. From t h i s b a t t e r y it was expected
t ha t t h e f our 18- pounder guns would l ay ope n t h e t h i n f l ank w a l l
connect i ng t h e c i t a d e l on t h e west wi t h t h e t own wall i n a f e w
hours. The d e f e n c e s of t h e c i t a d e l coul d be s we p t from t h e same
poi nt by t h e l i g h t a r t i l l e r y, and t h e l i n e s of l oop- hol ed wall whi ch
would bear on t h e advance of t h e s t or mi ng par t y, were a l l vi e wed i n
enf i l ade from t h e site s e l e c t e d f o r t h e bat t er y. The advance of t h e
par t y t o t h e a s s a ul t would have been gr e a t l y f a c i l i t a t e d by t h e
e xi s t e nc e of a t h i c k dam of e a r t h a c r o s s t h e d i t c h i mmedi at el y
opposi t e t h e poi nt marked out f or t h e breach.
I 1 r t was f u r t h e r pr opos e d t h a t t h e pr i nc i pa l a s s a ul t s houl d be s up-
por t ed by t wo o t h e r a t t a c k s , one an a t t e mp t t o blow i n t h e Water
gat e ( bot h t h e o t h e r s havi ng been s t r o n g l y bui l t up, and t h e cause-
ways i n f r o n t of t hem o u t t h r o u g h ) , a n o t h e r t o e s c a l a de a weak poi nt
near t h e Kabul ga t e , whi ch would have been gr e a t l y a i de d by t h e f i r e
of t h e a r t i l l e r y from t h e hi l l .
"This pr oj e c t m e t wi t h t h e Gener al ' s appr oval , and a t dus k on t h e
eveni ng of t h e 5 t h Sept ember a wor ki ng par t y, composed of t h e s ap-
pers and of 160 men from t h e regi ment s occupying t h e hill, commenced
work on t h e bat t er y. By 4 A.M. on t h e 6 t h Sept ember , c ove r f o r t h e
par t y had been s e c ur e d a c r o s s t h e r i d g e of t h e hi l l , and s o much
pr ogr e s s made i n t h e e xe c ut i on of t h e wor k, a s t o l ead t o r eas onabl e
expect at i ons t ha t t h e f our 18-pounder guns and t wo 24-pounde howit-
zer s would be e s t a bl i s he d i n pos i t i on, and r e a dy t o ope n t h e i r f i r e
dur i ng t h e day.
"Early on t h e eveni ng of t h e St h, a br i s k mat chl ock f i r e was k e p t up
from t h e c i t a d e l on t h e hi l l , b u t t h i s gr adual l y s l a c ke ne d, and a t
10 P.M. had e nt i r e l y c e a s e d. The enemy' s i nf a nt r y had been obs e r ve d
a t dus k c r os s i ng t h e r i ve r near t h e Water ga t e , wi t h t h e i nt e nt i on,
it was s uppos e d, of a t t a c ki ng t h e wor ki ng pa r t y dur i ng t h e ni ght ;
but t owar ds t h e morning of t h e 6 t h t h e r e was gr ound f o r bel i evi ng
t h e f o r t was evacuat ed. A t d a y l i g h t t h i s was a s c e r t a i ne d t o be t h e
case by Li eut enant Nor t h, of t h e Engi neer s, who t ook p o s s e s s i o n a t
t ha t hour of t h e Water g a t e wi t hout opposi t i on. "
General Not t t h e n ga ve o r d e r s f o r t h e d e s t r u c t i o n of t h e ci t adel --a
measure whi ch was car r i ed out by Major Sander s .
Ghazni was twice vi s i t e d by a Br i t i s h f o r c e i n 1880, viz., i n Apr i l
by Sir Donald St e wa r t , on h i s march from Kandahar t o Kabul, and in
August by Si r Fr e de r i c k Rober t s, on h i s march from Kabul t o Kanda-
bar. On t h e f or mer occasi on an Af ghan f o r c e was d e f e a t e d i n t h e
vi ci ni t y of t h e t own; on t h e l a t t e r , our army was unoppos e d.
Owing t o its being commanded within range from t h e nor t hwest Ghazni
would never be abl e t o r e s i s t t h e a t t a c k of a moder n Eur opean army;
Yet i t s pos i t i on is of s t r a t e g i cal i mpor t ance, wh e t h e r c ons i de r e d a s
Part of a l i ne of d e f e n c e a ga i ns t an enemy advanci ng from t h e w e s t ,
or a s a pos i t i on gi vi ng an i nvader from t h e e a s t a domi nance over
al l t h e count r y of Af ghani st an. I s ha l l t h e r e f o r e make no a pol ogy
f or l e ngt he ni ng t h i s a r t i c l e by t h e i nt r oduc t i on of t h e f ol l owi ng
r epor t drawn up i n Apr i l 1880 by Capt ai n Larminie, R.E., a t t a c h e d t o
Sir Donald St e wa r t ' s s t a f f :-
"Taking i nt o c ons i de r a t i on t h a t f u l l a c c ount s al r eady exist r e ga r d-
ing t h e pos i t i on and s i t ua t i on of Ghazni i n a ge ogr a phi c a l and
de s c r i pt i ve poi nt of vi ew, it a p p e a r s unneces s ar y t o make any f ur -
t he r remark beyond s t a t i ng t h a t its h e i g h t above sea- l evel a p p e a r s
have been over - est i mat ed by s e ve r a l h u n d r e d s of f e e t , and t h a t
t he per i met er or t ot a l c i r c u i t of wal l s gi ven i n f or mer r e p o r t s a s
1, 750 y a r d s , i n c l u s i v e o f t h e c i t a d e l wal l , is, a f t e r c a r e f u l
measurement , f ound t o be 2,115 ya r ds , wi t hout t h e wall of t h e ci t a-
del being i ncl uded. With a f e w s l i g h t e x c e p t i o n s t o be not ed he r e a f -
ter, not hi ng what ever , e i t h e r i n t h e s h a p e of r e p a i r s or new bui l d-
i ngs, a ppe a r s t o have been done s i n c e t h e d a t e of our l a s t occupan-
cy, nearl y f or t y year s ago; hence t h e whol e has fal l en i nt o a st at e
of rui n and decay. A rui ned ci t adel , br oken and us el es s parapets,
cr acked and tumbled-down t ower s , crumbling curt ai n walls, and a
si l t ed- up di t c h, a r e all t h a t remain of t h e once famous stronghold
of G hazni.
" A t t h e pr e s e nt moment a breach exists, ext endi ng from t he +-erre-
pl ei n of t h e ci t adel t o t h e main di t c h on t h e wes t er n f r ont ; and in
t wo pl aces i n t h e s out her n f a c e ga ps caused by t h e fal l i ng down of
por t i ons of t h e cur t ai n walls have been s o f eebl y repai red and are
s o acces s i bl e, t h a t a par t y of s a ppe r s coul d, with crowbars and
ot he r t ool s, form pr act i cabl e br eaches in t h e cour s e of a few min-
u t e s , and t h a t wi t hout any l os s , a s t h e f l anki ng t ower s are here
ut t er l y br oken down and useless. Even were t h e s e poi nt s non-exist-
ent , t h e r e ar e but comparat i vel y f ew of t h e cur t ai ns capable of
wi t hst andi ng t h e expl os i on of a few bags of powder , wi t hout falling
down and forming more or less pr act i cabl e br eaches. Indeed, such is
t h e wr et chedl y f eebl e condi t i on of some of t h e s e walls t ha t a bat-
t e r y of f i el d ar t i l l er y would probabl y be abl e t o breach them wi t h
but a very small e xpe ndi t ur e of ammunition.
"The ori gi nal bri ck and s t one f aci ng has, s peaki ng generaly, strip-
ped and f al l en o f f t h e walls and t ower s , l eavi ng t h e ear t hen backing
expos ed t o t h e weat her, r es ul t i ng in a consi der abl e diminution of
t he original t hi ckness, and t he consequent weakness has been further
i ncr eased by por t i ons of t h e w a l l and rampart having been hollowed
out behi nd t o s e r ve a s d wel l i ng-pl aces f or some of t h e ci t y people.
"The Mur d e r ondes or f aus e brai e, a s it was termed in former
r e por t s has, wi t h t h e except i on of t h a t one f r ont , almost entirely
di s appear ed, and has, appar ent l y with t h e upper port i on of the
scarp, sl i pped or been washed down into t he di t ch, which has conse-
quent l y become shal l ow, and of little value a s an obst acl e.
"No f ur t he r demol i t i on would r e nde r Ghazni less i mport ant than it i s
a s a f or t r e s s , and t aki ng i nt o consi der at i on its very defect i ve
cons t r uct i on, and t h e f a c t t h a t from its si t uat i on a command of fi re
and observat i on w i l l always be at t ai nabl e over t h e whole of it, no
amount of r epai r coul d gi ve it any real i mport ance, or cause any
l o s s of t i m e in r educi ng it.
"Nort hern face.-Has s uf f e r e d less from decay t han any of t he 0 t h -
er s . The Mur d e r ondes is in a good s t a t e of preservat i on and the
di t c h has not s i l t ed up. The par apet al s o is still in fai r order,
but i ns i de t h e rampart has fal l en away from it in many places,
l eavi ng it wi t hout banquet t e, and in ot he r s hous es have been built
up s o a s t o r ender it us el es s . The Kabul gat eway appear s t o have
been cl ear ed and t o a cer t ai n e xt e nt r epai r ed, s i nce it was blown in
by us, and t h e s cr een w a l l is al s o in f ai r or der . The walls of t hi s
f a c e ar e decayed but not ent i r el y s t r i ppe d of t h e out er facing, and
some of t h e t ower s ar e f ai r l y pe r f e c t ; but owing t o t he ruinous
s t a t e of t h e rampart on t h e i ns i de t h i s f r ont has no real st rengt h
s o f ar a s t h e wall is concer ned.
"East ern face.-Here t h e Mur d e r ondes has di sappear ed, and the
sl opes of t he di t ch become more easy. The Kandahar or BazZ gateway
i n t h i s f a c e c o n s i s t s of a domed bui l di ng wi t h g a t e s opening
s t r a i ght t hr ough, and not a s t h e Kabul gat eway, where t h e inner gate
is a t r i g h t angl es t o t h e f i r s t or out er . There i s a broken
t ower and s cr een wall in f r o n t of t h a t Kandahar gateway, but not of
a s uf f i c i e nt he i ght t o s e r ve its pur pose. The di t ch in f r ont of this
gat eway has been f i l l ed up f or a l e ngt h of about 15 yards. The
of t h i s f r ont a r e much damaged, and a par t i al gap has been repaired
by a wall, whi ch, t hough car r i ed up t o nearly t h e ori gi al hei ght ,
t hi n and cons t r uct ed of broken br i cks , small et ones, and rubbish
wi t hout any bi ndi ng material.
"The l a r g e t o we r o r ba s t i on b e t we e n t h i s f a c e and t h e s o u t h e r n is,
pe r ha ps , t h e b e s t p r e s e r v e d p o r t i o n o f t h e whol e f o r t r e s s , and was
a ppa r e nt l y a d d e d a f t e r t h e or i gi na l d e s i g n of Ghazni had be e n com-
pl et ed. The br i c k wor k is still i n g r e a t p a r t p e r f e c t , b u t a s t h e
uppe r por t i on is mer el y a t h i n wal l wi t h r ooms i n s i d e , t h e s t r e n g t h
of t h i s t o we r is mor e a p p a r e n t t h a n r eal .
IvSout hern face.--Is i n a mi s er abl e c ondi t i on a s r e g a r d s d e f e n s i v e
power. Two o f its c u r t a i n s have had l a r g e g a p s f i l l e d t o a h e i g h t o f
15 or 20 f e e t , wi t h mere a p o l o g i e s f o r wa l l s . Th e Mur d e r o n d e s h a s
ent i r el y d i s a p p e a r e d and t h e d i t c h , whi c h is h e r e a t a c o n s i d e r a b l e
di s t a nc e f r om t h e wal l s, h a s become a mere s hal l ow p u d d l e , and a s
t h e f ounda t i ons of t h e wal l s a r e h e r e b u t little above t h e l e v e l o f
t h e e d g e of t h e d i t c h , it is a p e r f e c t l y e a s y s l o p e f r om t h e d i t c h
t o t h e wa l l . The t o we r s on t h i s s i d e a r e much s p l i t and f a l l e n down,
and t h e Kaneh or Water gat eway, ha s l o s t one o f its t o we r s , h a s no
s c r e e n wall, a nd, l i k e t h e Kandahar gat eway, o p e n s s t r a i g h t i n t o t h e
t own, whi l s t i n f r o n t , and f o r many y a r d s on e a c h s i d e , t h e d i t c h
has been f i l l e d up. The out wor k whi c h f or me r l y e x i s t e d on t h e r i g h t
bank of t h e Ghazni r i ve r , p r o t e c t i n g t h e a p p r o a c h t o t h e b r i d g e i n
f r ont of t h i s ga t e wa y h a s near l y d i s a p p e a r e d , onl y a mound a b o u t 6
f e e t h i g h and 40 f e e t by 26 f e e t , wi t h a c o u p l e o f wi ng w a l l s , now
remains.
"West ern f a c e . - - ~e r i ve s any s t r e n g t h it may p o s s e s s f r om t h e s t e e p
s l ope upon whi c h t h e wal l is bui l t , a s t h e r e is no r ampar t wha t e ve r ,
and t h e wall is p i e r c e d by many o p e n i n g s s e r vi ng a s wi ndows t o t h e
h o u s e s b u i l t a g a i n s t t h e i n t e r i o r . I n t h i s f a c e is t h e b r e a c h
already a s poken of , as ext endi ng from t h e ci t adel downward.
"Citadel.--A h o u s e wi t h c our t ya r d, oc c upyi ng i n a l l an a r e a o f 90
f e e t by 150 f e e t , h a s be e n bui l t on t h e t e r r e - pl e i n, o t h e r wi s e
not hi ng h a s be e n d o n e s i n c e t h e t o we r s , etc., were bl own down i n
1842. The new bui l di ng h a s no l o o p h o l e s o r o t h e r means of d e f e n c e .
One of t h e t o we r s a t t h e e nd h a s a bal cony and g l a s s wi ndows .
"Well.- he w e l l is Lined wi t h br i c k, is 4 f e e t 6 i n c h e s i n diame-
ter, has a d e p t h o f 73 f e e t , and h a s a t p r e s e n t 2 f e e t of wa t e r i n
it.
"Magazine. --A r e c t a n g u l a r e n c l o s u r e wi t h w a l l s a bout 20 f e e t i n
h e i g h t and 2 o r 3 f e e t t h i c k , wi t h a bui l di ng i n s i d e c o n s i s t i n g o f a
s e r i e s of domes of b u t little s t r e n g t h . The amount o f ammuni t i on,
etc. , f ound was b u t s m a l l .
"Guns.- he g u n s f ound were t e n i n number, all b r a s s o r br onze; f o u r
about 3 i n c h e s a v e r a g e di amet er , and s i x 3- pounder s .
"City.--1s mer el y an a s s e mbl a ge o f wr e t c h e d h o u s e s wi t h not hi ng
des er vi ng t h e name of s t r e e t . "
The Br i t i s h camp of Apr i l 1880 was a bout a m i l e n o r t h e a s t o f t h e
town. The r e is a b r i d g e ove r t h e r i v e r c l o s e t o t h e w e s t a n g l e o f
t he town, and anot her l ower down s out hwe s t of t h e town, by which t h e
Kandahar r oad c r o s s e s . The f or mer is d e s c r i b e d a s bei ng a wel l - bui l t
s t r uc t ur e , c a pa bl e o f c a r r yi ng guns . The ga r r i s on of Ghazni a t t h e
Pr e s e nt t i m e ( 1906) is be l i e ve d t o b e 1 Regi ment of Caval ry, 1 5 g u n s
(mountain and f i e l d ) 3 b a t t e r i e s of i n f a n t r y and 400 kha s a da r s .
(1882 e di t i on, Cur zon, I.B.c.)
GHAZNI (RIVER) +J >>
A r i ver f or med i n a little val l ey 14 m i l e s N. N. W. of Ghazni from
t h r e e r i vul e t s whi ch f or mer l y m e t and 10 wed t h r o u g h d i f f e r e n t
channel s f e r t i l i z i ng a f e w f i e l d s and t h e n bei ng l o s t . Th e s e s t r e a ms
are: --Gardan-i -~asj i d f r om t h e nor t he a s t ; Bari kao (i.e., t h e Sar-i-
ab) f r om t h e s o u t h w e s t ; a n d t h e S h i mi l t u f r om t h e n o r t h we s t .
According t o Br oad oot , "Mahmud o f Ghazni dammed u p a l l b u t One
Out l et , and t h u s c a us e d t h e p r e s e n t r i ver . I t i s s u e s from h e r e a
s t r e a m i n t h e d r y s e a s on, 20 f e e t wi de, 2 f e e t d e e p and with a
ve l oc i t y o f 5 f e e t p e r s e c ond. In s p r i n g it is much l ar ger . The
and-i-Sultan, by whi c h t h i s is e f f e c t e d , is a wall of masonry
c l os i ng a r o c k y val l ey. Th e dam whe n c o mp l e t e mus t have been 300
y a r d s l o n g , i t s h e i g h t var yi ng f r om 20 t o 30 f e e t , and its t hi ckness
f r om 6 t o 7. I n aut umn, when t h e p l o u g h i n g is ove r , and t h e water no
l o n g e r r e q u i r e d , t h e o u t l e t is s h u t , and a l a k e f i l l s t h e valley 600
y a r d s wi de wi t h a g r e a t e s t d e p t h of a b o u t 30 f e e t . In s pr i ng, when
c ul t i va t i on b e g i n s , t h e o r i f i c e is o p e n e d and t h e st r eam r us he s out
i n s e v e r a l c a s c a d e s gi vi ng t h e whol e wa t e r of t h e year i n t h e season
it is r e q u i r e d . From t h e c i t y o f Ghazni t h e r i v e r p a s s e s between
Shi l g har and Nani, s e n d i n g o f f many i r r i g a t i o n c u t s , till t h e water,
a f t e r 1 0 o r 1 2 miles, be c ome s much less, and its bank t oo s t e e p. ~t
n e x t r u n s w e s t o f Pannah and Khog h H i l a l b e t we e n Dokuvi and Abband;
i n t h i s d e s o l a t e t r a c t it is s t r o n g l y i mpr e gna t e d wi t h s al t , and
f a l l s i n t o t h e Ab-i-Istada l a ke , wh e r e a c u r i o u s ci r cumst ance oc-
c ur s . The f i s h b r o u g h t by t h e s t r e a m f r o mt h e u p p e r pa r t s , on ent er-
i ng t h e salt pa r t , s i c k e n and d i e , s o t h a t t h e y may be t a ke n by t he
hand i n all s t a g e s o f s i c kne s s . " ( Br oa df oot , I.B.C., Johnst on. )
GHAZNI HAZARAS ( See Mi l i t a r y Repor t on Ha z a r a j a t , P a r t I .) 'J'P d
*GHILZAI (&)d
33-30 69-21 m. A vi l l a ge n o r t h we s t o f Shewak and some 10 miles
s o u t h e a s t o f Ghazni . Anot her pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d in t he
Tu t a k h e l ar ea, n o r t h e a s t o f Gar dez, a t 33-42 69-29 m.
GH I LZA I d@
Th e Ghal j ai ( pl ur a l Ghal j i ) a s h e c a l l s hi msel f - - Ghi l zai , a s st rang-
ers call him--is a numer ous and wi d e s p r e a d p e o p l e who may roughly
s p e a k i n g , be s a i d t o i nha bi t t h e c o u n t r y bounde d by ~al at - i - Ghi l zai
on t h e s o u t h , t h e Gul Koh r a n g e on t h e west, t h e Sulaiman on t he
e a s t , and t h e Kabul r i ve r on t h e n o r t h . In many pl a c e s t h e y overflow
t h e s e bounda r i e s , a s t o t h e e a s t t h e y come down i n t o t h e t r i but ar i es
o f t h e Gomal, and on t h e n o r t h t h e y , i n many pl a c e s , c r o s s t h e Kabul
r i ve r and e x t e n d t o t h e e a s t , al ong its c our s e , a t l e a s t a s f ar as
Jal al abad. Th i s c ount r y is a bout 300 m i l e s l ong, and 100 miles
br oad i n its s o u t h por t i on, and 35 miles i n t h e nor t h.
t r a v e l l e r s a g r e e in p u t t i n g t h e s o u t h e r n boundar y of t h e Ghil-
z a i s on t h e Kandahar r oad a t a s t o n e b r i d g e a t Asia Hazara, 12 miles
Sout h of Kalat-i-Ghilzai. W e know a l s o t h a t Maruf be l ongs mostly to
t h e Bar akzai s, t h o u g h it is v e r y c l o s e t o t h e Ghi l zai f r ont i er . On
t h e r o u t e from Qu e t t a t o Ghazni , Pot i is t h e l a s t vi l l age mentioned
a s i nha bi t e d by Bar akzai Durani s. Beyond t h i s t h e r e a ppe a r t o be no
vi l l a ge s f o r some miles. A l i ne , t h e r e f o r e , dr a wn from Asia Hazara
t o j u s t n o r t h of Maruf, and t h e n c e n o r t h o f t h e Lowana count r y to
t h e Kandil-Kundar c onf l ue nc e , and t h e n al ong t h e Kundar t o ~omandi
w i l l g i v e u s t h e a ppr oxi ma t e s o u t h boundar y.
From Domandi t h e boundar y l i n e r u n s n o r t h and n o r t h e a s t including
a l l t h e Khar ot i c ount r y a bout t h e s o u r c e s o f t h e Gumal. Thence it
c o n t i n u e s al ong t h e c r e s t of t h e Sulaiman r a nge , s k i r t i n g t h e Jadran
and Mangal c ount r y e x c e p t i n one pl a c e , viz., Dara, a pa s s l eadi ng
f r om Zurmat t o t h e J a j i c o u n t r y wh e r e i t e n c r o a c h e s r a t he r on t he
Mangals.
On t h e Kurram r out e , J a j i Thana mar ks t h e boundar y bet ween t he
Ghi l zai s and J a j i s , and t h u s t h e boundar y a ga i n o v e r s t e p s t he main
r ange.
From t h l s t h e wave whi c h h a s come down t o Jaj i Thana r e c e d e s t o t he
crest o f t h e Sa f e d Koh, whe nc e t h e s t r eam o f Ghi l zai encroachment
t u r n s e a s t , k e e p i n g f o r t h e mos t p a r t p r e t t y h i g h up on t h e north
s l opes of t h e Safed Koh a s f ar a s Jalalabad, whence one body of t h e
~hma dz a i s ect i on c r o s s e s t h e Kabul r i ver and s t r e t c h e s i nt o t h e
Kunar valley f or a s h o r t di s t ance; whi l s t anot her body c r o s s e s t h e
Kabul r i ver bet ween t h e j unct i on of t h e Alingar and Tagao ri ver.
Near Jagdal ak t h e l i m i t s of t h e Ghi l zai s come down t o near t h e Kabul
ri ver, i ndeed al most t o its banks, and follow t h e s out h bank of t h e
ri ver t o its s our ce i n t h e Sangl akh r ange, whence t o t h e paral l el of
Asia Hazara it f ol l ows t h e c r e s t of t h e r ange cal l ed t h e G u l Koh,
and t hence it descends t o t he st one bri dge on t he Kandahar road from
whence w e s t ar t ed. I do not mean t o say t h a t t h e whol e of t h i s s pa c e
is i nhabi t ed excl usi vel y by Ghi l zai s f or numerous ot he r t r i bes , a s
Wardaks, Barak zai s, Hazaras, Taj i ks, etc., occasi onal l y occupy land s
within it; ye t i n t h e s e l i m i t s Ghi l zai i nf l uence and power r ei gn
supreme, e xc e pt , of cour se, wi t hi n Kabul i t s e l f .
The Ghi l zai s, whose l i m i t s have t hus been approxi mat el y de f i ne d, a r e
descr i bed by Captain (now Major Si r A.H.) McMahon a s fol l ows:
"The Ghi l zai s ar e des cendant s of "Ghalzoe," i.e., t h e ' son of a
t hi e f ' or 'illicit son' of Shah Husain, a Tajik, Chi ef of Ghor, and
Bibi Mato, t h e daught er of Bait or Baitani, s o cal l ed from t h e f a c t
of hi s bi r t h wi t hi n t h r e e mont hs of t h e marriage of hi s par ent s .
(Shaikh Baitan, or Batan, was t h e second son of Kais, t h e gr e a t
ancest r al pr ogeni t or of t h e Afghan nat i onal i t y. Bibi Mato had a
second son, who was named Ibrahim, and he was surnamed Loe, or
"Great"--see "Lohana.") Aut hor i t i es d i f f e r a s t o t h e geneal ogy of
t he various br anches of t h e vast t r i be who claim de s c e nt from Ghal-
zoe. The fol l owi ng geneal ogi es ar e t h e r e s ul t of a cour s e of enqui r-
i es extending over t he l ast fi ve years from numerous t rust wort hy and
i nt el l i gent members of t h e t r i be. I have been obl i ged t o restrict my
r es ear ches t o t h e s ect i ons of t h e t r i be who r e s i de near es t t h e
border of pr e s e nt Bri t i sh t er r i t or y. Regardi ng t h e more di s t a nt
sect i ons, who have little connect i on with our bor der , I have been
abl e t o add b u t l i t t l e i nf or mat i on t o t h a t a l r e a dy r e c o r d e d i n
Gazet t eers.
"From Ghalzoe ar e des cended t h e t wo main di vi s i ons of t h e t r i be
named Turan and Burhan with t he i r main br anches a s fol l ows:
GHALZOE
I
TURAN
1
IBRAHIM or BURHAN
A77 +
HOTAK TOKHI NASIR KHAROTI HEZAB ANDAR TARAKI SAHAK
I I I I I I I I I
ALI SULIMAN HARUKAI DARGAI AKA GHARAI KHUMDAI HAMIR NIMLAI
(ALI KHEL) (SULIMAN)
(KHEL)
"Much doubt exists a s t o whet her t h e Nasirs and Kharot i s ar e pur e
Ghilzais. They t hemsel ves claim t o be so, but t h e ot he r Ghi l zai s
deny t hi s claim. ~t is more probable t h a t t h e f ounder s of t h o s e
t r i bes were ori gi nal l y only hamsayas of t h e Turan t r i bes , Hot aks and
T~k h i s . ' ~
The Sulaiman Khel ar e t h e l a r ge s t and most i mport ant of a l l t h e
Ghilzai sect i ons, whi l e t he y and t h e A l i Khel ar e t h e most i mport ant
Of t he Burhans. A f ul l account of t h e s ever al s ect i ons w i l l be found
u n d e r t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e he a di ng sf t h e Hot a ki s , Tok h i s and Tarakis
bei ng d e a l t h wi t h i n "Volume 5" as t h e y are mor e or less connected
wi t h t h e Kandahar province. Lumsden di vi de s t h e Turans t hus:
Oht ak, s u b d i v i d e d , 1 Sakzai , 2 Tunzai , 3 Sa t khe l , 4 Shagr i ; but
a c c o r d i n g t o L e e c h t h e y a r e d i v i d e d a s f o l l wo s ; vi z. , Malizai;
K had zai; Tad zak ; Bar at zai ; Ramzai; Umarzai; Tunzai ; Thari ; Sat k hel;
Yus uf khe l ; Marufzai ; Ut mankhel ; I s akzai ; Akazai; Baizai; Babazai;
Sa g h a z d a i ; Al i zai ; Pol a d. T h e I s a k z a i h e a g a i n s u b d i v i d e s i nt o
Kat i zai , Kadi nzai , Kandal zai , Hadi zai , Umarzai, Maudin Khel.
Lumsden g i v e s no di vi s i on o f t h e s e c t i o n h e c a l l s Hot aki , and a s no
o n e else b u t him g i v e s t h e di vi s i on Oht ak, it is pr obabl e t h a t Ohtak
a n d Ho t a k i s e c t i o n s are o n e a n d t h e s a me , a n d t h i s b e l i e f i s
c onf i r me d by compar i ng s ome o f Lums de n' s d i v i s i o n s o f t h e Ohtaks,
viz., Sakzai , Tunzai , S a t k h e l wi t h Le e c h ' s o f t h e Hot aki s, in which
t h e same d i v i s i o n s a p p e a r , viz. , I s a kz a i , o r Sakzai , Tunzai, and
Sa t khe l .
Lurnsden s a y s t h e Oh t a k s o c c u p y all t h e o c u n t r y o f Kalat-i- Ghilzai,
and s o u t h u n t i l t h e y meet t h e Kakar s and Tar i ns. Br oadf oot also
a g r e e s wi t h him, s a yi ng t h e y d we l l n o r t h f r om Maruf, a s d o e s Leech,
who s a y s t h e y a r e f ound i n Margha, whi c h is i n t h e extreme s out h of
t h e Ghi l zai c ount r y. Masson, howe ve r , and El phi ns t one pl ace them
nor t h of t h e Tokhi s.
Th e To k h i s a r e t h u s s u b d i v i d e d by Lumsden: 1, Shah Alam Khel; 2,
Shah- ud- di n Khel; 3, Kalu Khel; 4, Miranzai; 5, Jal al zai ; 6, Bakar-
zai; 7, Pi r Khel; 8, Li kaki ; 9, Amu Khan.
L e e c h h o we v e r , g i v e s t h e d i v i s i o n s o f t h e T o k h i s t h u s : 1,
Ki shyani s; 2, Bata Khel; 3, Jal al zai ; 4, Par ozai ; 5, Bas0 Khel; 6,
Ayubzai; 7, Miranzai; 8, Nur Khel; 9, Muhammadzai; 10, Akazai.
Th e J al al zai s e c t i o n h e agai n s u b d i v i d e s i n t o Fi r oz Khel, Bahram
Khel , Najo Khel , Nan0 Khel , Si zai , Bahl ol Khel.
Th e Pi r ozai a r e pr obabl y t h e same a s Lums de n' s Pi r Khel, he subdi-
v i d e s -- Sayyi d Khel , Ashozai , I r aki , Sur ezai .
The Miranzai, a s e c t i o n a l s o gi ve n by Lumsden, a r e s ubdi vi ded by
Leech i n t o Nuradi n, Akazai, Uhwazai , Sen Khel , Moghalzai; and t he
Mu hamrnad zai i n t o Pi r ak Khel , Kalu Khel , I s e z a i , Faki r zai , Eiabri,
Bur han K he l , Pat ozai , Musazai, Karmu Khel , Bahl ozai , Natozai, Pir-
w a l i Khel, Shah Hasan Khel, Adamzai, Hot akzai , Arabizai, Musa Khel,
Sai zai , Bazi kzai , Khan Khel.
The Tokhi s , a c c or di ng t o Le e c h, are t o b e f ound i n t h e valleys of
t h e Arghandab, t h e Tarnak, t h e Nawa, t h e Khakad.
The To k h i s i nha bi t , a c c o r d i n g t o t ur ns den, t h e ba nks o f t h e Tarnak
and t h e d i s t r i c t o f Nawa, Margha a nd Ar ghast an. El phi ns t one says
t h e y l i v e i n t h e val l ey of t h e Tarnak and t h e s k i r t s of Gu l Koh, and
Masson i n t h e val l ey o f t h e Tarnak. It seems, t h e r e f o r e t h a t t he
Hot aki s i nha bi t t h e s o u t h e a s t por t i on o f t h e Ghi l zai c ount r y next to
t h e Dur ani s and Kakar s, b u t d o n o t p o s s e s s any l and i n t h e Tarnak
valley; whi l e t h e Tokhi s are found from t h e s out her n boundary of the
Ghi l z a i s on t h e Kandahar r oad al ong t h e b a n k s of t h e Tarnak t o its
s our c e , and w e s t u p t o t h e Gul Koh r a nge , whi l e t o t h e e a s t t he y go
t o t h e nor t h o f t h e Hot aki s b e t we e n t hem and t h e ~b- i - I s t a da l ake,
on t h e pl ai n of Nawa.
El phi ns t one g i v e s t h e number s of t h e Hot a ki s a t 5,000 or 6f oo0
f amf l i es, and o f t h e To k h i s a t 12, 000. Broad f o o t a g r e e s i n this
e s t i ma t e . Molloy e s t i ma t e s t h e Hot a ki s a t 7, 000, and t h e Tokhis at
2OfO0O families. Leech says t h e Hot aki s f ur ni s hed 500 horsemen and
t h e To k h i s 2,000 t o t h e ki ng i n f or mer days . Masson s a ys t h e latter
a r e mor e numer ous t h a n t h e f or mer , a nd, l a s t l y, Lumsden estimates
t hem t o g e t h e r a t 60, 000 s oul s .
Accor di ng t o t h e s e c o n d e d i t i o n o f t h e Ga z e t t e e r , t h e lbrahim Or
Bur han di vi s i on a p p e a r s t o b e d i v i d e d a s f ol l ows : 1, Zabar Khel; 2 r
~ul ai man Khel; 3, Al i khel ; 4, Andar i s; 5, Tar aki s. Be s i d e s t h e s e ,
Lumsden ha s t h e Umar Khel , Adamzai, Chal ozai , Chi nzai s e c t i o n s ,
whi ch are n o t ment i oned by any o n e else.
The ~ h o j a k s a r e ment i oned
by Outram, Broad f oot , and Lumsden.
Zabar Khel, gi ve n by Lumsden, a r e n o t ment i oned by a ny o t h e r a ut hor -
i t y.
Sulaiman Khel a r e s u b d i v i d e d by El phi ns t one i n t o Kaisar Khel , Samal-
zai (Shah ~ o ma l z a i o f Lumsden) , Ast anazai , Ahmadzai, Babi kar Khel.
of t he s e t h e Babikar Khel are subdi vi ded by Lumsden i nt o Sher pai and
Sak ( pr obabl y t h e Se r pa i o f El phi ns t one and t h e Sahak o f him and
ot he r s ) . Th e s e agai n a r e di vi de d i n t o Uria Khel , Ut khe l , Utman
Khel, Khar ot i , Mir A l i Khel , Edu Khel , and Umar Khel; t h e s e ge ne r a l -
l y oc c upy t h e l a n d s a bout Gandamak, Tezi n, and Jal al abad, and a r e
c hi e f l y e nga ge d i n p a s t o r a l p u r s u i t s , wi t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f t h e
Ut khel and a f e w f e l l o w- s p i r i t s f r om among t h e o t h e r s , who a r e
not or i ous t h r o u g h o u t Af gha ni s t a n a s a pack of pl unde r i ng vi l l ai ns ,
a d e p t s a t c a t t l e - l i f t i ng and bur gl ar y. Many of t h e mos t da r i ng
r obber i es commi t t ed i n t h e f or me r d a y s a t Pes hawar were known t o
have been t h e ha ndi wor k o f t h e s e mi s c r e a nt s . The Kaisar Khel a r e
gi ven by El phi ns t one a s a di vi s i on o f t h e Sulaiman Khel , who i n h a b i t
t h e s o u t h e a s t of ~ h a z n i , s ha r i ng Zurmat wi t h t h e A l i Khel , and
moving i n t h e wi nt e r t o Wano. Lumsden mer el y me nt i ons t hem a s a
s e c t i on of t h e Ibrahi m di vi s i on, and s a y s t h e y move a bout t h e di s -
trict o f Ghazni , Daba, and Maidan. They number a bout 5, 000 farni-
lies. The same may b e s ai d of t h e Samalzai o r I smai l zai , a s El phi n-
s t one terms t hem, o r Shahmornalzai a c c or di ng t o Lurnsden. They a r e
f ound, a c c or di ng t o Leech a t Shi bar , Hal at agh, Se t z , and Mandan.
The Kalandar Khel is a br a nc h o f t h i s s e c t i on.
The Ast anazai s a r e gi ve n by El phi ns t one a s a di vi s i on o f t h e Sul ai -
man Khel and t h o u g h Broad f o o t d o e s n o t s ay s o, h e i mpl i e s t h a t h e s o
c ons i de r s t hem. Lumsden d o e s n o t s t a t e t h a t t h e y a r e c onnne c t e d
wi t h t h i s di vi s i on, nor d o e s h e s ay a nyt hi ng t o t h e cont r ar ay.
They have 21 s ubdi vi s i ons , and i nha bi t Logar and Maidan n o r t h o f t h e
Wardaks. The i r number s a r e n o t gi ve n, t h o u g h El phi ns t one states
them t o be more numerous t han t h e Ahmadzais.
The Ahmadzai s hol d t h e Sh u t u r Gardan Kotal, and t h e y i n h a b i t d u r i n g
summer t h e mount ai ns o f S u r k h e l and Sa f e d Koh, whi l e i n wi nt er t h e y
ar e f ound i n Kurram and Tezi n.
The Kaisar Khel and Samalzai a r e gi ve n a t 5, 000 e a c h; it is t h e r e -
f or e pr obabl e t h a t t h e Ast anazai o r Sul t anzai number 15, 000 and t h e
Ahmadzai 12, 000 f ami l i es.
The Babikar Khel of Lumsden a r e pr obabl y t h e same a s t h e Babakar zai s
of Leech. The l a t t e r s a y s t h e y a r e f ound a t Swadzai J a ngi r , Sar-i-
Asp, Shah Mardan and Nawa.
El phi ns t one s a y s t h e Sh e r p a i a r e not a cl an, but an a s s oc i a t i on
formed o u t of a l l t h e c l a ns and number 6, 000 men.
The Sahaks a r e not ment i oned a t all by Lumsden, t h o u g h t h e y a r e by
E l ~ h i n s t o n e , Broad f o o t , Ger ar d, and McMahon. They o c c u p y o n e t h i r d
of Kharwar and t wo - t h i r d s o f Paghman, and a l s o, a c c or di ng t o Broad-
f oot , a pa r t o f Dara. They number 5, 000 o t 6, 000 f ami l i es.
The A l i Khel i nha bi t t h e n o r t h e a s t por t i on of Zurmat, a c c or di ng t o
E l ~ h i n s t o n e and Br oadf oot , t h o u g h Lumsden p l a c e s t hem a bout Mukur.
They a r e a gr i c ul t ur a l in ha bi t s , and number p e r h a p s 5, 000 f ami l i es.
E l ~ h i n s t o n e is unc e r t a i n whe r e t o pl a c e t h e Khar ot i s , b u t Lurnsden
t hem i n t h e Ahmadzai s.
The di vi s i on o f t h e Andar i s oc c upy t h e s i d e d i s t r i c t of Shi l gha r and
Zurmat, and a r e a l s o f ound i n Dehs ai and p a r t s o f Pannah. They
12, 000 f a mi l i e s a c c o r d i n g t o El phi ns t one and Broad f oot .
Lumsden s a ys t h e y a r e a p o we r f u l di vi s i on, and Le e c h g i v e s t h e
number of t h e i r hor s emen a t 600. The y a r e bot h a gr i c ul t ur a l and
pa s t or a l i n t h e i r habi t s .
The Tar aki s a r e s ubdi vi de d by Leech i n t o Babadi nkhel ; Sakkhel;
Fi r ozk hel ; I s oi k hel ; Gar bazkhel ; Nak hel .
I t is d i f f i c u l t t o r e c onc i l e t h e l oc a l i t i e s s ai d t o be occupied by
t h i s t r i be. El phi ns t one s a ys t h e y have Mukur and t h e count r y south
of it a s f a r a s t h e s o u t h e r n bounda r i e s of t h e Ghi l zai s. Masson
s a ys t h e y a l s o bor de r on t h e f r o n t i e r s of Kandahar, and a r e eas t of
t h e Tokhi s , and a l s o i n Mukur and Karabagh. Br oadf oot says t hey
s t r e t c h from Gilan and Lal i zai t o Karabagh; and Lumsden says t hey
lie west of Ghazni , be t we e n t h e Ab-i-Istada l a k e and t h e mountains
of Nur. They a ppe a r t o be s c a t t e r e d : some a r e t o be found in t he
d i s t r i c t of Nawa, s o u t h of Lake Ab-i-Istada ( Br oadf oot , N. Camp-
bel l ) , some i n t h e nor t h of Mukur and s o u t h of Karabagh (Gerard),
o t h e r s nor t h of Ab-i-Istada, be t we e n Zazgai and Dila (Broad foot ),
and o t h e r s i n Tirwah. The Tar aki s a r e pa s t or a l and a r e known as t he
most r e s p e c t a b l e and wel l - di s pos ed of t h e i r r ace. They move in t he
wi nt er i n t o t h e Durani c ount r y, and some of t hem i nt o t h e Derajat.
El phi ns t one e s t i ma t e s t hem a t 12, 000 f ami l i es, and Broad f oot agrees
wi t h him. Lumsden s a ys not hi ng of t h e i r number, and Masson says
t h e y a r e less numer ous t ha n t h e Tokhi , a s t a t e me nt i n which Leech
i mpl i edl y a g r e e s , s t a t i n g t h a t t h e number o f h o r s e r equi r ed from
t hem is onl y 600. Last l y Molloy c omput e s t hem a t 25,000 families.
The Umar Khel oc c upy Maidan and t h e c ount r y dr ai ned by t h e Surkhab.
The Adramzai, s a ys Lumsden, a r e a l l s h e p h e r d s , and he r d t he i r fl ocks
i n Gumran, Sa f e d Sang and t h e l owe r por t i ons of t h e Logar valley.
McGregor, wr i t i ng of t h e Ghi l zai s who s w e l l i n t h e di s t r i c t of
J a l a l a ba d, s a y s t h e y a r e o f t h e Adr amzai , Manuzai, and Ut khel
b r a n c h e s . Th e y s e e k t h e i r l i v e l i h o o d b y t h e f t , pl unde r , and
bur gl ar y. The Manuzai a r e t o be f ound i n a hi l l y t r a c t of country
a t a pl ace cal l ed Taran i n t h e Kama d i s t r i c t . The Adramzai a t Mir-
i-obi near Mazina i n t h e Shi nwar i count r y, and t h e Ut khel in Darun-
ta, Lahak, Kot aki , and Sangi n.
The Chal ozai , ment i oned by Lumsden onl y, hol d t h e Sojawan hills
bet ween Logar and Ghazni.
The Chi nzai a r e one of Lumsden' s di vi s i on, but t h e y ar e not men-
t i oned by any one else. They oc c upy ~ i n i Badam, wi t h grazing
g r o u n d s i n Maidan, and on t h e e a s t s l o p e s of t h e Paghman hi l l s.
El phi ns t one d o e s not ment i on t h e Khoj aks, t hough Broad f oot and
Lumsden do, pl aci ng t hem among t h e Sulaiman Khel. No one mentions
t h e i r e x a c t l ocal i t y, b u t Outram a t t a c h e d one of t h e i r f o r t s in t he
Koh-i-Jadran, 20 miles e a s t of ~ a l a l g u ; s o it is not improbable that
t h e y i nha bi t t h e west s l o p e s of t h o s e mount ai ns and e a s t portion of
Zurmat .
I t w i l l be obs e r ve d t h a t t h e above a c c ount s d i f f e r consi der abl y from
Capt ai n McMahon's di vi s i on of t h e t r i be , b u t a s it is desi r abl e to
have a l l avai l abl e opi ni ons on a s u b j e c t whi ch may be of great
i mpor t ance, and about whi ch w e a t p r e s e n t know r eal l y very l i t t l e, I
have given them f or what t he y may be worth.
The t ot a l s t r e n g t h of t h e GhFlzais is es t i mat ed by vari ous authori-
ties a s f ol l ows:
El phi nst one 99,000 f a mi l i e s
Mass on 35 t o 50,000 f i ght i ng men
Broadf oot 100,000 f a mi l i e s
Lumsden 200,000 s oul s
Prom t h e s e i t is q u i t e i mpos s i bl e t o c h o o s e wi t h any certainty;
Br oadf oot is, pe r ha ps , our b e s t a ut hor i t y on t h i s subj ect * He
t r a ve l l e d more amongst t hem t ha n anyone alse, who has gi ven us t he
b e n e f i t of h i s e xpe r i e nc e , and h e is a ve r y a c c ur a t e and
-
writer.
Lumsden is of opi ni on t h a t 30,000 good f i g h t i n g Inen is t h e tota1
de f e ns i ve s t r e n g t h of t h e Ghi l zai s:
b u t a s t h e y ne ve r can b e uni t e d
owing t o t h e e n d l e s s f e u d s a mongs t t hem, h e t h i n k s mor e t h a n 3, 000
or 4,000 coul d not b e g o t t o g e t h e r f o r o f f e n s i v e o p e r a t i o n s o u t o f
t he i r own c ount r y. Thi s , howe ve r , mus t b e t a k e n c u m gr a no, f o r
t hough it mi ght b e i mpos s i bl e t o c o l l e c t mor e t h a n 3, 000 or 4, 000
Ghi l zai s t o obey one c h i e f f o r h i s own e n d s , t h e r e can b e little
doubt t h e p r o s p e c t o f pl unde r would pl a c e t h e whol e f i g h t i n g
s t r e n g t h of t h e cl an a t t h e d i s p o s a l o f anyone who c oul d s a t i s f y
them of hi s power t o f ur ni sh them with s uc h del i ght s .
Bes i des t h e a bove r e g u l a r cl ansmen, t h e r e a r e s e v e r a l mi xed f ami l i es
of Ghi l zai s s e t t l e d i n t h e Her at and Far ah pr ovi nc e s , who are s up-
posed t o be des cendant s of t h o s e families who were t r ans por t ed from
Kandahar by Nadi r Sha h t o make room f o r h i s Pe r s i a n f ol l owe r s .
Thes e a r e r oughl y c a l c ul a t e d a t 18, 000 hous e s .
In t h e Obeh d i s t r i c t
al one t h e r e a r e some 2, 000 f ami l i es.
El phi ns t one s a y s t h e r e a r e some Ghi l z a i s still s e t t l e d i n Pe r s i a s a t
Khabis i n ~ u r ma s h i r , pr obabl y t h e d e s c e n d a n t s of s ome o f t h e ~ h i l z a i
c onque r or s of Per s i a.
Masson r emar ks t h a t t h e Ghi l zai s , a l t h o u g h c o n s i d e r e d and cal l i ng
t he ms e l ve s Af gha ns , and mor eover empl oyi ng t h e P u s h t o o r Af gha n
di al ect , a r e undoubt e dl y a mi xed r ace. The name is e v i d e n t l y a
modi f i cat i on o r c o r r u p t i o n o f t h a t o f Khal j i o r ~ h i l i c h i , t h a t o f a
gr e a t Tur ki t r i b e ment i oned by Sha r a f udi n i n h i s h i s t o r y o f Taimur,
who d e s c r i b e s a por t i on o f it a s bei ng a t t h a t t i m e s e t t l e d a b o u t
Savah and Kum, i n Per s i a, and wh e r e t h e y a r e still t o b e f ound. I t
is pr obabl e t h a t t h e Hotak and Tokhi f ami l i es pa r t i c ul a r l y a r e o f
Tur ki d e s c e n t , a s may b e t h e Tar aki and Andari , and t h a t t h e y were
l ocat ed i n t h i s p a r t o f t h e c ount r y is e v i d e n t from t h e t e s t i mony o f
Fer i s ht a, who d e s c r i b i n g t h e p r o g r e s s o f t h e Muhammadan ar ms, c a l l s
them Ghi l j i and Khi l i j i , and n o t e s t h a t i n c onj unc t i on wi t h t h e
t r i be s of Ghor and of Kabul, t h e y uni t e d, A.H. 943, wi t h t h e Af g h a n s
of Bangash and Peshawar t o r e pe l t h e a t t a c ks of t h e Hindu pr i nces o f
Lahore.
The t es t i mony of Fe r i s ht a , whi l e c l e a r l y d i s t i n g u i s h i n g t h e Ghi l zai
t r i be s from t h e Af ghans , a l s o e s t a b l i s h e s t h e f a c t o f t h e i r e a r l y
conver si on t o Islam; still t h e r e is a t r a di t i on t h a t t h e y were a t
some t i m e Ch r i s t i a n s o f t h e Armenian and Geor gi an c h u r c h e s . I t is
asser t ed t ha t t he y r el apsed or became conver t s t o Muhammadanism from
not havi ng been pe r mi t t e d by t h e i r p a s t o r s t o d r i n k but t e r mi l k on
f a s t days--a whi msi cal c a us e , t r ul y, f o r s e c e s s i o n from a f a i t h ; y e t
not s o whi msi cal b u t t h a t , i f t h e s t o r y be c o r r e c t , is mi g h t have
i nf l uenced a whi msi cal pe opl e . Thi s t r a d i t i o n is known t o t h e
Armenians of Kabul, and t h e y i ns t a nc e , a s c or r obor a t i ng it, t h e
Pr act i ce obs e r ve d by t h e Ghi l zai s o f e mbr oi de r i ng t h e f r o n t p a r t s of
t he gowns or r obes of t he i r females and chi l dr en with f i gur e s of t h e
c r os s ; and t h e cus t om of t h e i r hous e wi ve s , who pr e vi ous t o f or mi ng
t he i r dough i n t o c a k e s , c r o s s t h e i r ar ms ove r t h e i r b r e a s t s , and
make t h e s i g n o f t h e c r o s s on t h e i r f o r e h e a d s a f t e r t h e i r own man-
ner .
Ref er r i ng t o t h e Af ghan a c c ount of t h e or i gi n o f t h e word Ghi l zai ,
Or " Ghal Zoe, " Be l l e w r emar ks : - - " i t seems t o p o i n t t o a n e a r l y
mi xt ur e of t h e or i gi na l Ghi l j i wi t h some t r i b e o f Ghor , p e r h a p s o f
Persi an d e s c e n t , t h o u g h t h e name Batan s o u n d s o f I ndi an or i gi n ( t h e
Sans kr i t name of Brahman p r i e s t s bei ng Bat a), and t h e title o f
Shai kh bei ng t h e one usual l y a p p l i e d i n I ndi a t o c o n v e r t s f r om
Brahmanism t o Islam .'I
* h e Ghi l zai s wer e or i gi nal l y a pa s t or a l r a c e , and many s e c t i o n s o f
t h e t r i be still r e t a i n t h e i r nomadi c ha bi t s , f o r a s s u r e l y a s t h e
and aut umn come r ound, t h e y w i l l be f ound pa c ki ng up t h e i r
g o o d s and c h a t t e l s and moving o f f t o more c onge ni a l climes.
On t h e s e oc c a s i ons t h e s h e e p a r e s e n t on a mont h be f or e , and fOl-
l owed a t i nt e r va l s by t h e c a t t l e and camel s, t h e women, chi l dren,
and ba gga ge bei ng c a r r i e d on t h e l a t t e r . The gr azi ng gr ounds of
t h e s e t r i be s , bot h in t h e hi l l s and pl ai ns, a r e a ppor t i one d o f f , and
a r e a s w e l l known, e ve n i n t h e wi l d e s t c ount r y, a s t h e gar dens and
f i e l d s o f more c i vi l i z e d r a c e s ; and a s a Ghi l zai is always buried
c l o s e t o t h e encampment i n whi ch h e may ha ppe n t o di e, it becomes a
poi nt of honour among t h e s e t r i b e s never t o gi ve up an inch of
gr ound whi ch t h e cl an ha s onc e oc c upi e d, a s it may be t he last
r e s t i n g pl a c e of some of t h e i r a n c e s t o r s , and it is eas y t o imagine
t h a t t h i s f e e l i ng al one l e a d s t o f r e q u e n t and bl oody f e uds .
The Ghi l zai s n e i t h e r dwe l l i n cities nor p r a c t i s e any handi cr af t or
t r a d e s , pr oc ur i ng t h e i r l i vi ng by a gr i c ul t ur e o r past ur age. Their
count r y, wi t hout t h e he a t and r a i ns of I ndi a, r e q u i r e s more f or a
ha r ve s t t ha n s c r a t c h i n g t h e s oi l and s c a t t e r i n g t h e s e e d. Necessity
ha s f o r c e d t hem t o make i r r i ga t i on canal s from t h e r i ver s and
"kar ez" from e ve r y s p r i n g . They a r e r e wa r de d f o r t h e i r t oi l by good
c r o p s and neat f ar ms. Unl i ke t h e Taj i ks, t h e y c ul t i va t e no frui t ,
but occasi onal melons. But t h e whe a t f o r t h e i r own f ood, and bar-
l ey, l uc e r ne , and c l ove r f o r t h e c a t t l e , a r e o f e xc e l l e nt quality
and gr own onl y f o r home consumpt i on. Madder is much produced to
ba r t e r f o r c l o t h t o t h e t r a di ng t r i be s .
The f i e l d s bel ong t o t h e head of t h e family, who, wi t h seven or
e i g h t h o u s e s or r e l a t i ons , i nha bi t s a little f o r t above hi s cultiva-
t i on. The f o r t is an e nc l os ur e 40 or 50 y a r d s s qua r e , t h e mud wall
is 3 f e e t t h i c k bel ow, and a t t o p a t e a c h a ngl e ha s round towers
wi t h l oophol e s . The h o u s e s a r e ge ne r a l l y 9 f e e t hi gh and about 1 2
f e e t s qua r e , t h e wal l s of mud, and t h e r o o f s of br ushwood hurdle
c ove r e d wi t h cl ay; t o t h e s out h t h e r o o f s a r e made of little arches
of unbur nt br i ck. The hous e s bei ng gener al l y bul l t round t h e fort ,
t h e r o o f s s e r v e a s a r ampar t from whence a l oophol e f i r e can be
b r o u g h t t o bear. The s p a c e in t h e c e n t r e s e r v e s f o r c a t t l e , and t he
t o we r s f o r s t o r e h o u s e s of f or a ge and gr ai n. The s e f o r t s ar e intend-
e d t o k e e p o f f enemi es wi t hout cannon or s cal i ng l a dde r s and they
answer t h e pur pose simply and we l l .
A l a r g e pr opor t i on of t h e Sulaiman Khel and some o t h e r s ar e pastor-
al; t h e y l i v e in r u d e t e n t s , made of t wo r ough pol e s suppor t ed by
hair r opes, on which t he y hang coar se bl anket s of t hei r own making.
Each family p o s s e s s e s its own f l o c k and a f ew camel s, a t e n t , two or
t hr e e iron cooking pot s and wooden bowls, with a few sacks of flour*
When s e ve r a l f ami l i es move and l i v e in c onc e r t , t h e y form a 'khel."
While t h e men wat ch t h e f l o c k s wi t h arms by t h e i r s i d e s , t h e women
make "kur ut " and c h e e s e f o r wi nt er ; but t er mi l k and bread f or the
dai l y consumpt i on. On t h e march t h e y h e l p t o l ead t h e camels and
pack t h e t e n t s ; t h e y a r e d e c e n t l y d r e s s e d in a brown pet t i coat and
vei l , but sel dom c ove r t h e i r f a c e unl e s s i mpudent l y st ar ed at*
Thei r f e a t u r e s a r e r egul ar , but somewhat mascul i ne, and t hei r fi-
g u r e s t a l l and good. They marry l a t e and k e e p t h e i r l ooks a long
time. The f a t h e r of a young man, who want s a wi f e, pr opos e s for his
s on t o t h e br i de ' s f a t h e r pr evi ous l y f e e l i ng h i s way car ef ul l y, as a
r e f u s a l may c a us e a f e ud; t h e n , e n s u e s a l ong s c e ne of bargaining,
a t l a s t e nde d by an agr eement , t h a t t h e br i degr oom Shall give a
f e a s t and c e r t a i n p r e s e n t s of c l o t h e s , s h e e p , and cat t l e; t hi s is
not a bar gai n f o r t h e gi r l , b u t t o s a t i s f y t h e nei ghbour s t hat her
f r i e n d s will not gi ve he r t o a beggar . The e x p e n s e of a marriage
about R s . 100 i n t h e poor c l a s s e s , he nc e men a r e o f t e n 35 or
and
gener al l y 2 8 or 30, b e f o r e t h e y can a f f o r d t h e money.
The obstinacy
of t h e custom pr event s t h e pr i ce being l owered, t hough many fathers
would be ha ppy t o gi ve t h e i r d a u g h t e r s f o r not hi ng Were t hey not
ashamed. The de s i r e t o g e t married makes t h e Afghan sometimes t r a de
and o f t e n e r pl unde r . When a l l is a r r a nge d, h e is a dmi t t e d t o see
he r onc e or twice ( al one and a t n i g h t ) b e f o r e t h e cer emony; i f t h e
young c o u p l e f o r g e t t he ms e l ve s , it is n o t e n q u i r e d a f t e r by h e r
f r i e n d s , b u t t h e mot he r r a t e s t h e g i r l s oundl y and c a l l s h e r a "bad-
=at;" b u t s houl d t h e male r e l a t i ons a c t ua l l y he a r o f it, a bl oody
f e ud is t h e r e s u l t . The f e a r o f d e a t h makes t he m c h a s t e i n ge ne r a l .
Thi s c ur i ous c us t om is n o t i n t e n d e d t o p r e v e n t p e o p l e mar r yi ng who
d o not l i k e e a c h o t h e r , a s t h e bar gai n is f i x e d b e f o r e t h e l ove r is
admi t t ed, b u t seems a c h i l d i s h e x p e r i me n t i n t h e s t r e n g t h o f v i r t u e
under t empt at i on.
The pa s t or a l Ghi l z a i s a r e all r obbe r s ; whe n s t i mul a t e d by i d l e n e s s
or hunger , t h e y s a l l y o u t on f o o t and c a r r y o f f t h e c a t t l e o f some
weak t r i b e s o r l o o k o u t f o r t r a v e l l e r on a r o a d . T h e r e is no
cal cul at i ng on hal f bar bar i ans , s omet i mes t h e y s p i l l h i s bl ook l i k e
wat er, a t o t h e r s t h e y onl y r ob him; i f h e is w e l l d r e s s s e d , t h e y
e xc ha nge h i s f i n e c l o t h e s f o r t h e i r f i l t h y r a g s , and s e n d him away
in t h e d r e s s o f a be gga r ; t h i s is t h o u g h t not hi ng o f . Occas s i onal l y
t hey gi ve him a bl anket when t he y f i nd him naked. Unless st i mul at ed
by de s pa i r o r t o d e f e n d t h e i r f ami l i es , t h e pa s t or a l Ghi l z a i s s el dom
show much c our a ge , b u t f i g h t a t l ong r a n g e and a g a i n s t we a ke r par-
t i es . If t h e y r e t u r n l a d e n wi t h s poi l , t h e i r wi ves r e c e i v e t hem
wi t h new a f f e c t i o n , and t h e c h i l d r e n a r e d e c k e d wi t h pl unde r . I n
t h e Sulaiman r a nge , Broad f o o t s aw s e v e r a l r u f f i a n s wi t h t h e i r c hi l -
dren and t he i r hor s es de c ke d out wi t h neckl aces of t h e new Company' s
r upe e s , whi ch a s w e l l a s t h e ' l gut ki " of Bokhar a, a r e admi r ed f o r t h e
image; t he r e was no mistaking how t he y had g o t them.
The Ghi l zai s ge ne r a l l y a r e weal t hy i n f l o c k s , but ha ve no manufac-
t u r e s e x c e p t c o a r s e c a r p e t s and f e l t , s a c k i n g , and o t h e r r o u g h
a r t i c l e s f o r dome s t i c u s e pr e pa r e d from wool and camel hai r .
They have no wei ght s or measures; one s he phe r d settles wi t h anot her ,
how many o f h i s h a n d f u l s e q u a l a Kabul seer, or how many o f s ome
peculiar wooden bowl .
Each of t h e t r i b e s is d i v i d e d i n t o numer ous khe l , and e a c h k h e l i n t o
a f e w f a mi l i e s . T h e n a t u r a l h e a d o f e a c h f a mi l y is i mp l i c i t l y
obeyed. The o l d e s t by d e s c e n t o f t h e s e h e a d s o f f ami l i es is usual -
l y, not al ways, t h e malik of t h e k h e l , wi t h a powe r b u t little
obeyed. I t is u n d e r s t o o d t h a t t h e head o f t h e s e n i o r k h e l is c h i e f
of t h e t r i be. H e d a r e n o t c o l l e c t any i ncome f r om h i s t r i b e , l i vi ng
on t h e p r o d u c e o f h i s own l a nds , and a p p r o p r i a t i n g by f r a ud p a r t o f
t h e d u t i e s on i n f i d e l s and me r c ha ndi s e , and on t h e o b e d i e n t t r i b e s
Par t of t h e r oyal taxes. Among t h e e a s t e r n t r i b e s h e u s e s h i s
influence t o head pl underi ng expedi t i ons and pr ocur e a good s ha r e i n
t h e s poi l . H i s s e n i o r i t y i n b i r t h makes t h e Af gha ns pay him t h e
r e s p e c t of an e l d e r b r o t h e r , b u t not hi ng more. I f h i s c h a r a c t e r is
di s l i ke d, h e h a s n o t e ve n t h a t ; t h e l o we s t o f h i s t r i b e e a t , d r i n k ,
and smoke wi t h him. In u r g e n t da nge r t h e Khan is o f t e n set a s i d e
and a " khe l wa s ht i " o r l e a d e r is c h o s e n , and whi l e t h e d a n g e r l a s t s
is Pr e t t y w e l l obe ye d.
The Ghi l zai s had k i n g s when t h e y were c onque r i ng Per s i a, and we r e
not t a xe d f o r t h e i r s u p p o r t . They s a y t h e y had t hem b e f o r e ; i f s o,
t he y wer e mer el y nominal ones . The Ghi l zai s t h e n a p p e a r t o b e a
nat i on o f f a mi l i e s , o r a l i t t l e f e d e r a t i o n o f men c o n n e c t e d b y
bl ood, s ubmi t t i ng t o t h e i r nat ur al he a ds , uni on among t h e s e s oc i e -
tles is t h e i r common l a ngua ge and d e s c e n t from one s t o c k ; t h e y a r e
In a t r a ns i t or y s t a t e from pa s t or a l t o a gr i c ul t ur a l l i f e , and l ow i n
t he s c a l e of ci vi l i zat i on.
The Ghi l zai s d o pay s ome a t t e n t i o n t o t h e c o d e of c us t oms known a s
t h e Pakht un Wali, t h e gr and p r e c e p t s o f whi ch a r e h o s p i t a l i t y t o
s t anger s f obe di e nc e t o p a r e n t s and e l d e r s , and r e v e n g e f o r t h e
i n j u r i e s of k i n d r e d . No a l l us i on is made t o payi ng t a x e s and fo1-
l owi ng ki ngs . The i r i nj unc t i ons c l e a r l y p o i n t back t o a nomad st at e
o f s o c i e t y , wh e r e a man d e p e n d e d on h i s i mmedi at e r el at i ons, not on
Laws, f o r p r o t e c t i o n , and when t o r e f u s e h o s p i t a l i t y was equi val ent
t o mur der . Th e s e p r e c e p t s a r e mos t c l o s e l y f ol l owe d by t he more
ba r ba r ous tribes.
On a v i s i t of i mpor t a nc e a s h e e p is
ki l l e d, made i n t o "kababsw on a
r amr od, and s e r v e d on c a k e s o f l e a ve ne d br e a d. The g u e s t and his
f o l l o we r s sit on t h e b e s t c a r p e t s , and e a t a c c or di ng t o t he i r sta-
t i on out of di s he s , pewt er O r wooden bowls. The hos t st ands behind
p r e s s i n g t hem r e s p e c t f u l l y t o eat. Af t e r was hi ng t h e hands and
s moki ng t h e "chilam, " a h o r s e o r camel is b r o u g h t f o r t h e gues t ' s
a c c e pt a nc e .
The h o r s e s of t h e s t r a n g e r a r e all ampl y f e d.
In t hi s
manner, s a y s Broad f o o t , I ha ve b e e n e n t e r t a i n e d s e ve r a l times; t he
common p e o p l e c o n f i n e t h e i r a t t e n t i o n s t o a he a r t y welcome and
pr of usi on of t he i r own coar s e food.
Th e r e ve ngi ng of wr ongs is t h e wo r s t p a r t o f Pa kht un Wali, and
encour ages f e u d s more t han it puni s hes aggr essi ons. Two men quarrel
i n a f i e l d , and o n e s t r i k e s o r wounds t h e o t h e r ; t h e r el at i ons take
it up. They m e e t on some oc c a s i on f i g h t and ki l l a man; from t hat
moment t h e q u a r r e l is de a dl y; i f o f d i f f e r e n t tribes and t h e quar-
rel i mpor t a nt , t h e whol e t r i b e s g o t o f e u d . Once i n Zurmat, Broad-
f o o t saw a f o r t s h u t by r ol l i ng a s t o n e a g a i n s t t h e door i nst ead of
wi t h t h e us ua l heavy c ha i n; on e n q u i r y as t o t h e c a us e of such
c a r e l e s s n e s s , t h e malik a f i n e ol d man wi t h a pl ump, good-humoured
f a c e , s t r e t c h e d h i s arm o u t t o wa r d s t h e l i n e o f d i s t a n t f o r t s and
said--"I ha ve n o t an enemy." I t was a pl e a s i ng e x c e p t i o n t o t he
r ul e ; f e u d s a r e a s ys t e m of p e t t y wa r f a r e c a r r i e d on by l ong shot s,
s t e a l i n g c a t t l e , and bur ni ng c r o p s . Samson bur ni ng h i s nei ghbour' s
c r o p a c t e d j u s t l i k e a n Af ghan. When t h e h a r v e s t is nearl y ri pe,
n e i t h e r p a r t y d a r e s l e e p . When t h e e ne mi e s a r e d i s t a n t , t h e feud
o f t e n l a s t s f o r ge ne r a t i ons ; b u t when t h e y a r e nei g hbour s, it be-
c ome s an i nt ol e r a bl e nui s ance. Pa kht un W a l i d e v i s e s a remedy. Thls
is t o let b o t h p a r t i e s f i g h t till t h e same number a r e ki l l ed on each
s i d e , t h e n t h e i r n e i g h b o u r s s t e p i n and e f f e c t a reconci l i at i on
c a l l e d "nanawat." t h e pa r t y who f i r s t d r a ws bl ood is l ooked on as
t h e a g g r e s s o r wha t e ve r may ha ve be e n h i s pr ovocat i on: h e pays t he
e x p e n s e o f a f e a s t , and g i v e s some s h e e p and c l o t h a s an atonement
t o t h e o t h e r s . But i n c a s e t h i s i d e a l of e q u a l j u s t i c e cannot be
pr oc ur e d by o n e pa r t y havi ng mor e ki l l e d t h a n o t h e r s , t h e pr i ce of
t h e r e c onc i l i a t i on is much h i g h e r ; b u t i t ne ve r e x c e e d s a f e a s t and
a f e w vi r gi ns . Th e s e g i r l s a r e n o t g i v e n a 5 concubi nes but are
mar r i ed and w e l l t r e a t e d . The e x p e n s e o f mar r i age bei ng So heavYf
t o g e t s o many of t h e i r young men w e l l mar r i ed wi t hout e xpe ns e is a
g r e a t o b j e c t and a r e a l money compens at i on. The o t h e r par t y do not
l i k e it howe ve r , a s t o g i v e Af ghan v i r g i n s wi t h o u t g e t t i n g present s
is t h o u g h t a want o f s p i r i t .
A f e r t i l e s o u r c e o f d i s p u t e is t h e r i g h t t o wat er . In Katawaz is a
s p o t c a l l e d Khuni Karez, o r t h e bl oody s p r i n g . It ha s been claimed
and s t o u t l y c o n t e s t e d by t wo tribes. One p a r t y would OCCUPY i t and
br i ng c r o p s near l y t o p e r f e c t i o n . Then a c o n s t a n t ski r mi shi ng
began, on o n e s i d e t o d e s t r o y t h e gr ai n, on t h e o t h e r t o preserve
it; b u t t h e f i r s t is mo r e e a s i l y d o n e t h a n t h e l a t t e r , and t he
c ul t i va t i on was al ways l ai d wast e. In t h e s e combat s t h e water was
o f t e n s t a i ne d v i t h bl ood; h e n c e its name. I t now ha s not a trace of
cul t i vat i on. The r e s p e c t f o r t h e i r e l d e r s is a t r a i t i n t h e Afghan
c ha r a c t e r ; and t h e r e a s on f o r t h i s is, t h e young pe opl e are
i g n o r a n t as b e a s t s , t h e y know not hi ng b u t t h e i r ge ne a l ogi e s and t he
c o n f e s s i o n o f f a i t h. Wi t hout any means of e duc a t i on but
i ndi vi dua l e x p e r i e n c e , t h e y f o r many y e a r s pl ough t h e ear t h, and
t hen commit crimes and exces s es . By d e g r e e s t he i r wild i ndependent
l i fe makes t hem r e l y on t h e i r own j udgme nt , and g i v e s t hem an ac-
quai nt ance wi t h human na t ur e , a t l e a s t i n its Af ghan form. A s t h e y
g e t ol d, t h e y a r e c o n s t a n t l y empl oyed a bout r e c onc i l i ng f e u d s , o r
ar r angi ng mar r i ages i n whi c h t h e y have t o r e a s on wi t h some, f l a t t e r
ot he r s , and br owbe a t a t h i r d ; t h e i r f i n e cl i mat e and t e mp e r a t e
habi t s p r e s e r v e t h e i r f a c u l t i e s f o r a l ong t i m e . hey a r e much
superi or t o t h e young or mi ddl e-aged men, and r e s pe c t e d accordi ngl y.
Pak ht un Wali, t hough a c ode good enough f or wandering shepher ds, -
f o r when l and and wat er were a bunda nt f o r al l , it t e n d e d t o f o s t e r
t h e b e s t v i r t u e s o f bar bar i ans and pr obabl y pr oduc e d a s i mpl e ,
hos pi t abl e, s p i r i t e d r ace, - - has n o t k e p t p a c e wi t h i n c r e a s e o f
popul at i on, its p r e s e n t i n f l u e n c e on t h e Af g han c h a r a c t e r bei ng bad.
Thes e f e u d s c a nnot b e c a r r i e d on wi t h o u t f a l s e h o o d , t r e a c h e r y , and
meanness, and t h e i r s k u l k i n g gue r i l l a wa r f a r e is n o t f a vour a bl e t o
cour age. The h o s p i t a l i t y dai l y t e n d s t o a mere wo r t h l e s s form. A l l
t h i s is ve r y obs e r va bl e i n t h e Ghi l zai c ount r y.
The ol d s ys t e m o f t a xa t i on among t h e Ghi l zai s was a ve r y bad one.
The Khan d i r e c t e d t h e k h e l t o br i ng t h e i r quot a , and p r e s e n t l y l o t s
of r o t t e n s h e e p and t o o t h l e s s camel s a r r i ve d a t h i s ga t e . Th e s e
were b o u g h t on t h e k i n g ' s a c c ount a t h i g h p r i c e s , and s ol d a t wha t
t h e y f e t c h e d . Bl a nke t s , gr ai n, and a little money made u p t h e
remai nder. Th e r e was al ways a d e f i c i e n c y i n t h e amount , and t h e
Khan usual l y t ook hal f of wha t h e r e c e i v e d , and ga ve t h e ki ng t h e
r e s t wi t h an a pol ogy; s omet i mes t h e ki ng al l owed him t o t a k e a
cer t ai n s ha r e . Thi s ki nd o f t h i n g h a s no d o u b t be e n pl a c e d on a f a r
d i f f e r e n t f o o t i n g by t h e p r e s e n t Amir.
The pe opl e o f Katawaz, wi t h all t h e i r d i s c o r d , have uni t e d mor e t h a n
once. Some ye a r s a go, s a y s Br oadf oot , a s on o f Dos t Muhammad, Af zal
Khan, t r i e d t o r e d u c e Zurmat; h i s t r o o p s p e n e t r a t e d by Kalagu a l ong
t h e we s t e r n l i n e o f t h e f o r t s o f t h e Andar s. Some h e d e s t r o y e d ,
o t h e r s h e p a s s e d ; b u t a t Nus hkhe l , h e was m e t by near l y a l l Katawaz,
and was d e f e a t e d . Again, when our army a p p r o a c h e d Ghazni , t h e
Sulaiman Khel, a l l ur e d by r e p o r t s of our weal t h and e f f e mi na c y, and
e xc i t e d by Dost Muhammad s p e a k i n g o f t h e nang- da- pakht ana (Af g han
honour ) , and t h e Mullas pr omi s i ng heaven t o t h o s e ki l l e d by i nf i -
de l s , came i n a t umul t uous r u s h from all q u a r t e r s ; but t h e head o f
t he t hr ong being promptly char ged, t h e whole di s per s ed. Again when
t h e f o r c e wi t h Capt ai n Outram a r r i ve d a t Misal Khel , many o f t h e
t r i be s bur ned t h e i r gr a i n and f o r a g e t o p r e v e n t u s e n t e r i n g kat awaz,
and he had t o g o r ound by Panna and Ashlan.
The f ol l owi ng i n s t a n c e o f a f or a y o f t h e Ghi l z a i s is e x t r a c t e d f r om
Broad f o o t ' s j our nal , and w i l l g i v e an i de a o f how t h e s e r a i d s a r e
conducted : --
"Mehtar Musa is t h e s on of Yahia Khan, and head o f t h e Sul t an Khel,
of Sulaiman Khel. H e is a s h r e wd , pl a us i bl e man, and h a s a c q u i r e d
more i nf l ue nc e t ha n any o t h e r man o f t h e t r i be , and a s h e ha s an
Ul us o f h i s own, h e is a f or mi dabl e enemy. In want o f some l i ve-
s t oc k a f e w ye a r s a go, h e d e s p a t c h e d h i s fami l y drummer t o e v e r y
khe l in Katawaz t o announce t h a t on t h e t h i r d day h e woul d head a
chapa0. The r e nde z - vous was Burl ak; s e v e r a l t h o u s a n d s as s embl ed
with e ve r y s o r t o f weapon from a r i f l e t o a cl ub, and some on
hor s e s , some on f o o t , pour e d in a d i s o r d e r l y t o r r e n t ove r t h e p a s s
Of Sar 9o and f e l l upon t h e l a n d s of t h e Wazi rs, s u r p r i s i n g t h e i r
f l o c k s and camel s i n g r e a t number s. The Wazi rs oc c upi e d t h e g o r g e s
and c r e s t s o f t h e i r mount ai ns and saw t h e i r c ount r y r avaged. But a t
s i gna l f i r e s were l i g h t e d on t h e hi l l s , and t h e whol e t r i b e
came, t ol er abl y armed and e a g e r f o r vengeance.
nThe Sulaiman Khel had a t t a i ne d t h e i r obj e c t ; s ome c a r r i e d t h e i r
pl under home, and I be l i e ve pa r t , u n d e r Meht ar Musa, p a s s e d i n t o
Daman t o c o l l e c t a little more. Th e Wazi r s f or med a bol d resolu-
t i on. They c r o s s e d t h e h i l l s by p a t h s known onl y t o t hemsel ves, and
pounc e d on Katawaz whi l e t h e i r e ne mi e s we r e a bs e nt , gui ded to t he
f l oc ks and h e r d s by one of t h e Sulaiman Khel, and t he n returned home
r i c h e r t h a n be f or e . Th e Sulaiman Khel we r e g r e a t l y ve xe d a t being
s o o u t wi t t e d , and had no r e s o u r c e b u t ne got i a t i on, a s e nt r a ppi ng t he
Wazi r s twice was h o p e l e s s . Af t e r much s we a r i ng on 'Koransl and
gi vi ng t o e a c h o t h e r some u n f o r t u n a t e Sa yyi ds a s p l e d g e s of t hei r
f a i t h , all t h e c a t t l e we r e r e s t o r e d on b o t h s i d e s , e x c e p t t hos e bona
f i d e e a t e n, o r over - dr i ven on t h e mar ch. Th e Sulaiman Khel made up
f o r l o s t t i m e by pl unde r i ng a we a ke r t r i b e , and t h e Wazirs by
a t t a c k i n g t h e Lohani s. Th e s e a n e c d o t e s a r e c ha r a c t e r i s t i c . "
I n g e n e r a l f o r a y s are on a smaller s c a l e , s omet i mes t h e y a r e mere
t h e f t s . The y s e l dom p l u n d e r near t h e i r own hous e s , and have an
u n d e r s t a n d i n g wi t h o t h e r p r e d a t o r y t r i b e s by whi c h t h e c a t t l e taken
a r e p a s s e d al ong by secret pa t hs . When Af gha ns a r e robbed and
c a nnot h e l p t h e ms e l v e s by f o r c e , t h e y ne got i a t e . Ten or f i f t een
r u p e e s w i l l ge ne r a l l y r e de e m a camel wor t h R s . 40 o r 50.
Th e Ghi l z a i s a r e a r emar kabl y f i n e r a c e of men, be i ng uns ur pas s ed by
any o t h e r Af gha n t r i b e i n commandi ng s t a t u r e and s t r e n g t h . They are
br a ve and war l i ke, b u t ha ve a s t e r n n e s s of d i s p o s i t i o n amounting to
f e r o c i t y i n t h e ge ne r a l i t y of t hem, and t h e i r br ut a l manners are
unf or t una t e l y e nc our a ge d by t h e h o s t i l i t y e x i s t i n g bet ween them
and t h e i r ne i ghbour s ; whi l e t h e y a r e n o t di s c ount e na nc e d by t hei r
c h i e f s .
"The Ghi l z a i s o f t h e west , " s a y s El phi ns t one , "as f a r nearl y as to
t h e mer i di an o f Ghazni , be a r a c l o s e r e s e mbl a nc e t o t h e Duranis.
Th i s r e s e mbl a nc e di mi ni s he s a s w e go e a s t wa r d. The Hot aks and
To k h i s i n d r e s s , manner s, and c us t oms , and i n e ve r yt hi ng which i s
n o t c o n n e c t e d wi t h t h e i r mode of gover nment , e x a c t l y r esembl e t he
ne i g hbour i ng Duranis."
Th e Tar aki s , t h o u g h mor e si mi l ar t o t h e Dur ani s t ha n t o any ot her
tribe, mix s ome t hi ng o f t h e manner s o f t h e Ea s t Ghi l zai , and t hi s
mos t in t h e s o u t h p a r t of t h e Tar aki c ount r y. The Andar s resemble
t h e e a s t c l a ns i n e v e r y t h i n g e x c e p t t h e i r gover nment . The internal
gove r nme nt of t h e Ghi l z a i s is e n t i r e l y d i f f e r e n t from t h a t of t he
Duranis. The c h i e f s of t h e former have now l o s t t h e aut hori t y which
t h e y p o s s e s s e d u n d e r t h e i r own r oyal gover nment . The r e is great
r e a s on t o d o u b t wh e t h e r t h a t a u t h o r i t y e v e r was s o e xt e ns i ve as t hat
whi c h h a s be e n i n t r o d u c e d among t h e Dur ani s on t h e ~ e r s i a n model.
I t is mor e pr oba bl e t h a t t h e powe r e ve n of t h e ki ng of t h e Ghilzais
was smal l i n h i s own c ount r y, and t h a t t h e t umul t uar y c ons e nt of his
p e o p l e t o s u p p o r t h i s me a s ur e s abr oad was d i c t a t e d more by a sense
o f t h e i n t e r e s t and g l o r y of t h e tribe t h a n by any d e f e r e n c e t o t he
k i n g ' s commands. Some a ppe a r a nc e s , howe ve r , war r ant a supposi t i on
t h a t h i s powe r was s u f f i c i e n t t o c h e c k mur de r s and ot he r great
di sor der s. Whatever t h e power of t h e ki ng may have been f o m e d ~ it
is now a t an e n d , and t h a t o f t h e a r i s t o c r a c y ha s f a ne n with it;
and t h o u g h it h a s l e f t s e n t i me n t s o f r e s p e c t i n t h e mi nds of the
common pe opl e , y e t t h a t r e s p e c t is s o e n t i r e l y unmi xed with fear
t h a t it h a s no e f f e c t wha t e ve r i n c ont r ol l i ng t h e i r act i ons-
kha n of a t r i be, or malik of a vi l l a ge , e v e r i n t e r f e r e s a s a magis-
t r a t e t o settle a d i s p u t e , or a t l e a s t a s e r i o u s one; t he y
t h e i r own f ami l i es and i mmedi at e d e p e n d e n t s i n o r d e r , but leave t he
rest of t h e p e o p l e t o accommodat e t h e i r d i f f e r e n c e s a s t hey can*
Th e d e g r e e i n whi ch t h i s want of gove r nme nt is f e l t is not t he same
t h r o u g h o u t t h e t r i be . Among t h e p e o p l e r ound Kabul and Ghaznlp t he
powe r o f t h e Amir' s gove r nor s u p p l i e s t h e pl a c e of i nt er nal
t i on. With t h e Hot aks , t h e Tokhi s , and ge ne r a l l y wi t h t h e Ghilzals
on t h e g r e a t r oa ds , t h e a u t h o r i t y whi c h t h e c h i e f s de r i ve from t he
c e nt r a l gover nment , and p e r h a p s t h e r e s p e c t still pai d t o t h e i r
f or mer r ank, e na bl e s t hem t o p r e v e n t g e n e r a l commot i on, t h o u g h t h e y
cannot s u p r e s s q u a r r e l s be t we e n i ndi vi dua l s ; b u t among t h e s o u t h e r n
Sulaiman Khel t h e s e di s or de r s rise t o
f e u d s b e t we e n t h e s u b d i v i s i o n s
of a cl an, and e ve n t o c o n t e s t s o f s u c h e x t e n t a s t o d e s e r v e t h e
name o f c i vi l war s; y e t e ve n i n t h e mos t u n s e t t l e d t r i b e s , t h e
de c i s i on o f an as s embl y o f Mullas is s u f f i c i e n t t o d e c i d e d i s p u t e s
about p r o p e r t y , and o n e g r e a t s o u r c e o f q u a r r e l s is t h u s r emoved.
Among t h e Ea s t Ghi l zai s , and e s p e c i a l l y among t h e Sulaiman Khel , t h e
power of a c h i e f is n o t c ons i de r a bl e e n o u g h t o f or m a tie t o k e e p
t h e cl an t o g e t h e r , and t h e y a r e br oke n i n t o little s o c i e t i e s whi c h
ar e q u i t e i n d e p e n d e n t i n a l l i nt e r na l t r a n s a c t i o n s ( l i k e t h e Yusuf -
z a i s ) .
Not wi t hs t andi ng t h e i r dome s t i c q u a r r e l s and f e u d s with ot he r t r i bes,
t h e y a r e by no means a vi ol e nt o r i r r i t a b l e pe opl e . The y ge ne r a l l y
l i ve in t ol e r a bl e harmony, and ha ve t h e i r me e t i n g s and amus ement s
l i k e t h e Durani s, u n d i s t u r b e d by t h e c o n s t a n t alarm, and al mos t a s
c ons t a nt f r a y s , of t h e ~ u s u f z a i s .
I ns t ead o f t h e Per s i an "kaba" o f t h e Dur ani s, or t h e or i gi na l "ka-
mi s " of t h e Af gha ns ( whi c h is h e r e ony worn by ol d men), t h e ge ne r -
al i t y wear t h e I ndi an d r e s s of wh i t e c ot t on. The i r d r e s s is a l s o
d i s t i n g u i s h e d f r om t h a t of t h e t r i b e s f u r t h e r w e s t b y t h e u s e o f
whi t e t ur bans . The y a l s o wear a c a p l i k e t h a t o f t h e Dur ani s, b u t
much hi gher .
Thei r a r m s a r e t h e same a s t h o s e of t h e Dur ani s, wi t h t h e a d d i t i o n
of a s h i e l d of b u f f a l o ' s hi de , or, when it can b e p r o c u r e d , o f t h e
s ki n of r hi noc e r os .
Most men ha ve a s t r i p s ha ve d i n t h e mi ddl e of t h e i r h e a d s l i k e t h e
Duranis' b u t t h o s e who set u p f o r p r o f e s s e d c ha mpi ons let a l l t h e i r
hai r gr ow: it is c us t oma r y wi t h e a c h o f t h o s e , when h e is j u s t a bout
t o c l o s e wi t h t h e enemy, t o d r o p h i s c a p, and r a t h e r t o g i v e u p h i s
l i f e t ha n r e t r e a t beyond t h e s p o t whe r e it is f al l en.
Sever al of t h e Ghi l zai c l a ns a r e al mos t whol l y e n g a g e d i n t h e
car r yi ng t r a d e be t we e n I ndi a and Af gha ni s t a n and t h e n o r t h e r n s t a t e s
of Cent r al Asia, and have be e n s o f o r many c e n t u r i e s t o t h e e xc l u-
si on al most of all t h e o t h e r t r i b e s of t h e c ount r y. From t h e na t ur e
of t h e i r oc c upa t i on t h e y a r e s t y l e d "Powi ndah ."
HISTORY
I t is unne c e s s a r y t o a t t e mp t t o t r a c e t h e h i s t o r y o f t h e ~ h i l z a i s
f u r t h e r back t h a n t h e i r g r e a t s t r i k e f o r l i b e r t y i n 1707. Mr. wai s t
s on of a d e s c e n d a n t of ~ a l a k h i , a p o we r f u l Ghi l zai who a s a t t h a t
time a l e a di ng man i n Kandahar, was s e i z e d by t h e Pe r s i a n gove r nor
and s e n t t o I s pa ha n on p r e t e x t o f c ons pi r a c y, b u t h e t ur ne d h i s
vi s i t t o s o good a c c ount t h a t h e was r e i n s t a t e d . On h i s r e t u r n h e
r ai sed a r ebel l i on, and havi ng d e f e a t e d and ki l l e d t h e Per s i an
l eader , made hi msel f gove r nor o f Kandahar. The ~ e r s i a n s s e n t t h r e e
armi es a ga i ns t him, b u t h e d e f e a t e d t hem all, and in 1715 h e d i e d
a f t e r havi ng r ul e d Kandahar f o r e i g h t ye a r s .
He was succeeded by hi s son Mir Mahmud who a t f i r s t t empori sed with
t h e Per s i ans , b u t a t l a s t , i n 1720, unde r t ook t h e i nvas i on o f Per-
si a. H e f i r s t moved on Kirman wi t h 12, 000, men, 5, 000 o f whom
Pe r i s he d amid t h e i nt e r ve ni ng d e s e r t s ; t h e t own s oon s u r r e n d e r e d ,
and t h e Af gha ns ga ve t h e ms e l v e s u p t o pl unde r and e v e r y i magi nabl e
excess f or f our months, when t he y were at t acked and put t o f l i g h t by
t h e Per si an Gener al Lut f Ali Khan and Mir Mahmud e s c a p e d wi t h a f e w
f ol l ower s.
Taught by t h i s b i t t e r e x p e r i e n c e , Mir Mahmud r a i s e d a n o t h e r army
28,000 s t r o n g , i n 1722, and commenced t h e campai gn by r a pi dl y cros-
sing Seiatan t o Bam, which having s t or ed with provision, he advanced
o n c e mor e on Kirman. Th e t own s u r r e n d e r e d b u t t h e c i t a de l hel d out,
and t h e g a r r i s o n de c l a r i ng t h e i r i n t e n t i o n o f ne ve r capi t ul at i ng, he
was i n d u c e d by a br i be of 18, 000 t omans t o r a i s e t h e s i e ge . He t hen
mar ched on Yezd, and havi ng f a i l e d s i gna l l y i n gai ni ng it by as-
s a ul t , h e l e f t it a l s o i n h i s r e a r and mar ched on I s pa ha n regardl ess
o f communi cat i ons. H e a r r i ve d wi t hi n 1 0 m i l e s o f t h a t pl ace with
23, 000 men worn o u t wi t h f a t i g u e and hunge r , wi t h s car cel y any
ammuni t i on and i n r a gs . Af t e r g r e a t de l a y c a u s e d by i ndeci s i on in
t h e i r c ounc i l s , t h e Pe r s i a ns mar ched o u t t o a t t a c k t h e Af ghans, but,
be i ng ba dl y commanded, t h e i r a s s a u l t was u n s u c c e s s f u l and ended in
t h e i r c ompl e t e d e f e a t . Mir Mahmud t h e n a dva nc e d and l ai d s i e ge to
I s pa ha n; t h e Sha h s t r o v e by a l a r g e br i be t o buy him o f f , but t hi s
of cour s e only e xpos e d hi s f ear and weakness, and Mahmud pressed the
bl oc ka de t h e more, and c u t u p e v e r y Pe r s i a n a t t e mp t i n g t o es cape or
br i ng pr ovi s i ons i n t o t h e c i t y. A t l a s t a f t e r e ndur i ng t h e si ege
f o r e i g h t mont hs , Sha h Husai n e n t e r e d Mahmud' s camp and abdi cat ed
t h e t h r o n e i n h i s f a vour and d e l i v e r e d u p t h e c i t y t o him. Mahmud
t h e n or der ed a massacre of t h e t r oops who had de f e nde d t h e city.
Up t o t h i s p o i n t t h e c o n d u c t of Mahmud had a t l e a s t been di st i n-
g u i s h e d f o r c our a ge , e ne r gy, and i n t e l l i g e n c e , b u t now h i s nature
q u i t e c h a n g e d ; h e became mor os e, s u s p i c i o u s , and cr uel . He laid
s e i g e t o Kasvin, a nd, havi ng t a k e n it, g a v e it u p t o t h r e e days'
i ndi s c r i mi na t e s l a ug hter,--an act whi c h s o r o u s e d t h e i nhabi t ant s
t h a t t h e y r o s e , mas s acr ed i n t h e i r t own near l y hal f t h e Af ghans, and
d r o v e t h e r emai nder f r om t h e c i t y. Mahinud t h e n massacr ed al l t he
c h i e f nobl e s and l e a d i n g men h e c oul d s e c u r e , bel i evi ng t h a t t er r or
a l one would k e e p t h e Pe r s i a ns f r om r e vol t . Meanwhi l e h i s Afghan
t r o o p s were f a s t becomi ng r e d u c e d i n number s, and h e was f or ced to
r e c r u i t h i s army wi t h Kur ds and o t h e r Sunni t r i be s . In 1724 he
r e d u c e d I r ak and Far s, and t ook Shi r a z a f t e r a s i e g e of ei ght
mont hs . But becomi ng mor e and mor e i ns a ne l y c r ue l , more and more
i n s a t i a t e f o r bl ood, h e was a t l a s t p u t t o d e a t h by h i s c h i e f s , and
Mir As hr a f , h i s r e l a t i on, r a i s e d t o t h e t hr one .
The p r i n c e f ound e n o u g h t o do; t h e Rus s i a ns had t a ke n Gilan, t he
Tu r k s were a dva nc i ng f r om t h e w e s t , and Tahmasp, t h e s on of Shah
Husain, was a t l a r g e wi t h an army. H e fi rst mar ched agai ns t and
d e f e a t e d t h e Tu r k s near Bur uj ar d, and havi ng i nduc e d them to
acknowl edge him, h e n e x t advanced agai ns t Tahmasp, def eat ed him toot
and t ook Kasvin and I s pahan. But t h i s was t h e l a s t of h i s SUcces-
ses; a g r e a t e r t h a n h e had now a r i s e n i n t h e pe r s on of ~ a d i r ~ u l i
Khan, who, o n c e a r obbe r c h i e f , had now be e n a p p o i n t e d t o t h e come
mand of Tahmasp' s army. Mir Ashr af a dva nc e d t o meet him, but t he
t i d e had t ur ned, and a t t h e bat t l e whi ch ensued near Damghan, h e was
t ot a l l y d e f e a t e d , and l e a vi ng 12, 000 of h i s s o l d i e r s dead on t he
f i e l d , h e f l e d t o I s pahan. Here h e r a i s e d a n o t h e r army and again
a dva nc e d t o m e e t Nadi r, and e n t r e n c h e d hi ms el f 24 miles nor t h of
I s pahan; b u t wi t h no better s u c c e s s t h a n b e f o r e , f o r ~ a d i r turned
and st ormed hi s ent r enchment s and 4,000 more Afghans were left dead*
Mir Ashr af t h e n f l e d t o Shi r a z , and agai n havi ng r ecr ui t ed his
f o r c e s h e a dva nc e d t o meet Nadi r , b u t wi t h no b e t t e r s u c c e s s , f or he
was agai n d e f e a t e d and agai n d r i v e n t o Shi r a z and h i s soldierst
bei ng now s i c k o f st emmi ng t h e t i d e t h a t would n o t be t ur ned,
t e r ms wi t h Nadir. Mir As hr a f , he a r i ng t h i s , f l e d wi t h 200 devoted
hor s emen, b u t t h e p u r s u i t was s o c l o s e t h a t on ar r i vi ng i n Si st an he
had onl y t wo s e r v a n t s l e f t , s o t h a t t h e Bal uch c h i e f of t h a t country
f ound little d i f f i c u l t y i n mur de r i ng him. Th i s e n d e d t h e G~~~~~~
d y n a s t y o f Per s i a, a d y n a s t y whi c h, t h o u g h it l a s t e d but seven
ye a r s , c o s t Persia a t h i r d o f its popul at i on.
Af t e r t h i s Nadi r, havi ng t a k e n Her at and Far ah, advanced in
On
Kandahar wi t h 100, 000 men. Th i s c i t y was gove r ne d by
~ h i l z a i , b r o t h e r o f Mir Mahmud, and ga r r i s one d by many o f h i s t r i b e ,
who were still i mbued wi t h t h e ga l l a nt r y whi c h had e na bl e d t hem t o
a c hi e ve s u c h c o n q u e s t s i n Per s i a, and t h e y he l d o u t f o r 1 8 mont hs ,
and a t l a s t onl y g a v e i n on f a vour a bl e terms t o Nadi r. Af ter ~ a d i r ' s
de a t h a r o s e t h e Durani dyna s t y; t h e Ghi l zai s , pr obabl y b e r e f t o f all
t h e i r b e s t and b r a v e s t by t h e war s o f t h e l a s t 30 ye a r s , made no
show a g a i n s t t h i s a s s umpt i on o f what t h e y t o t h i s d a y c o n s i d e r t h e i r
r i g h t s , and a r e v e r y little he a r d of i n Af ghan h i s t o r y till t h e
f i nal s t r u g g l e be t we e n Mahmud and Zaman, g r a n d s o n s o f Ahmad Sha h.
Thi s, oc c ur r i ng i n t h e h e a r t of t h e Turan ~ h f i z a i c ount r y, a p p e a r s
t o have e nc our a ge d t he m t o r e v o l t and r e e s t a b l i s h a Ghi l zai dya ns t y.
Abdul Rahim Khan, Hot ak, was d e c l a r e d ki ng, and Shahabudi n, Tokhi ,
was a p p o i n t e d h i s wazi r , b u t t h e t r o o p s o f t h e ~ u r a n i s a t onc e
advanced f r om Kabul and Kandahar, and t ot a l l y d e f e a t e d t h e ~ h f i z a i s
on e ve r y occas i on, and a t l a s t t h e r e be l l i on was p u t down.
From t h e d a t e o f t h i s a t t e mp t not hi ng mor e is r e c o r d e d o f t h e Ghi l -
zai hi s t or y, till w e come t o t h e i r c onne c t i on wi t h t h e e v e n t s o f t h e
Br i t i sh oc c upa t i on f o Af ghani s t an. The Ghi l z a i s d i d n o t p e r h a p s
act ual l y f i r e t h e f i r s t s h o t a g a i n s t u s i n t h a t campai gn, b u t t h e y
cer t ai nl y unde r t ook t h e f i r s t s e r i o u s a t t a c k on o u r t r o o p s , when
t h e y advanced t o a t t a c k t h e s h a h ' s camp near Ghazni , t h e d a y b e f o r e
t h e a s s a u l t on t h a t f o r t , viz., 22 J ul y 1839. They were, he we ve r ,
beat en o f f wi t h a l o s s o f 30 or 40 ki l l e d and wounded and 50 pr i s o-
ners. Af t e r t h e e n t r y o f t h e Br i t i s h i n t o Kabul, t h e Ghi l zai s , n o t
having made t h e i r s ubmi s s i on t o Sha h Shuj a, Capt ai n Outram was s e n t
t o r e d u c e t hem t o o r d e r , h i s i n s t r u c t i o n s be i ng " t o d i s p e r s e , a nd,
i f pos s i bl e , t o a r r e s t , t h e r e f r a c t o r y Ghi l zai c h i e f s , Meht ar Musa
Khan, Abdur Rahman Khan, Gul Muhammad Khan, and t h e Mama, and t o
e s t a bl i s h t h e ne wl y- appoi nt ed Ghi l zai gove r nor s , Mir Alam Khan,
Zaman Khan, and Khal i l Khan; and l a s t l y t o r e d u c t e t h e f o r t s o f
Nasir-ud-Daulah, s houl d t h e y still be hel d by h i s adher ent s . ' ' The
cold-blooded murder of Colonel Herring having been al so r e por t e d, h e
was f u r t h e r d i r e c t e d t o puni s h t h e p e r p e r t r a t o r s o f t h a t a t r oc i t y.
The det achment placed under hi s or de r s f o r t h i s pur pos e was composed
of a wing of t h e S h a h ' s 1st caval r y, a Gur kha bat t al i on, and a
ba t t e r y o f 9- pounde r s f r om Kabul, whi ch we r e t o b e r e i n f o r c e d f r om
Kandahar by a r e gi me nt o f t h e Sh a h ' s i nf a nt r y, hal f of t h e S h a h ' s
2nd r e gi me nt o f caval r y and a b r i g a d e o f h o r s e a r t i l l e r y. One
t hous and Af ghan caval r y were a l s o t o have accompani ed him t h e n c e ;
but i n c ons i de r a t i on of t h e d i f f i c u l t y t h a t woul d b e e x p e r i e n c e d i n
f or agi ng s o l a r g e a f o r c e , a s w e l l a s i n r e s t r a i n i n g t he m f r om
pl under , t h e number was r e d u c d , a t h i s own r e q u e s t , t o 500, t h e
whole under t h e command of Muhammad Usman Khen, a nobleman of gr e a t
cons i der at i on and uncl e t o t h e ki ng.
St ar t i ng on t h e 6 t h Se pt e mbe r 1839, h e r e a c h e d Kala A l i J a h on t h e
12t h. On t h e 1 7 t h h e e n t e r e d t h e Zurmat val l ey, whe r e many o f t h e
l eadi ng men ga ve i n t h e i r submi ssi on. On t h e 1 8 t h h e was j oi ned by
a wing of i nf a nt r y. On t h e 20t h h e c o n d u c t e d a s ma r t a f f a i r a g a i n s t
t h e Khojak Ghi l zai s ki l l i ng 1 6 and t a ki ng 112 p r i s o n e r s , wi t h a l o s s
of a few killed and wounded. On t h e 25t h he went t o Shorkach; 26t h
t o Chal ak; 27t h t o Musa Khel, wh e r e Meht ar Musa, t h e l e a d e r o f t h e
at t ack a t Ghazni , s u r r e n d e r e d ; 29t h t o Malinda; 30t h t o Pannah; 1st
Oct ober t o Ukori ; 2nd t o Ushl an; 4t h t o Dila and mansur; 5 t h t o
Fi r oz; 6 t h t o Kala-i-Marg ha , t h e f o r t o f t h e p r i n c i p a l Gh i l z a i
chi ef , son of Abdur Rahman, Hotak, who headed t h e rebel l i on agai nst
t h e Duranis; on t h e 1 7 t h Kala-i-Marg ha was t a k e n and d e s t r o y e d , and
t h e 1 8 t h h e j oi ned Gener al Wi l l s hi r e' s camp.
Thus it w i l l be s e e n t h a t Outram wi t h 2 1/2 r e gi me nt s o f i n f a n t r y , 1
r e gi me nt s of caval r y, a b a t t e r y o f a r t i l l e r y and 500 i r r e gul a r
hor s e, mar ched a l l t h r o u g h t h e Ghi l zai c ount r y f r om o n e e nd t o t h e
o t h e r , and
was onl y o n c e o p p o s e d , t h o u g h t h e c o u n t r y was st udded
wi t h f o r t s i n e v e r y di r e c t i on.
Duri ng t h e e ns ui ng wi nt e r t h e Ghi l z a i s r emai ned qui e t , but on t he
r e t u r n o f s p r i n g , t h e y i mmedi at el y be ga n r a i s i ng t h e i r t r i bes and
ha r r a s s i ng t h e communi cat i ons b e t we e n Kandahar and Kabul. General
Not t s e n t Capt ai n Ander s on, o f t h e Hor s e Ar t i l l er y, wi t h 4 guns, 500
caval r y, and o n e r e g i me n t o f i n f a n t r y t o c l e a r t h e r oad. Anderson
m e t t h e Ghi l z a i s a t Tazi and a f t e r a f i g h t , i n whi ch t h e enemy
be ha ve d wi t h g r e a t gal l ant r y, c h a r g i n g down on t o t h e bayonets of
our i n f a n t r r y , t h e y were d e f e a t e d l e a vi ng 200 men ki l l e d.
Sir William Macnaght an now p r o p o s e d t o pay R s . 30, 000 pe r annum to
t h e G hi l z a i s f o r k e e p i n g t h i s r oad o p e n , b u t t h i s pl an was not more
s u c c e s s f u l t h a n t h e mor e f o r c i b l e a r gume nt o f t h e bayonet , and t he
Ghi l z a i s still we nt on pl unde r i ng.
Again i n t h e s p r i n g of 1841 t h e Ghi l z a i s became restless, and a
f o r c e o f t wo r e g i me n t s of i n f a n t r y some caval r y and guns , moved out
t o Kalat-i-G hi 1 zai u n d e r Capt ai n Macan. The y were s e n t immediately
on t h e i r a r r i v a l t o a t t a c k a s ma l l Gh i l z a i f o r t i n t h e vi ci ni t y;
t h i s t h e y e f f e c t e d wi t h s m a l l l o s s , t h e c h i e f o f t h e Ghi l zai s being
ki l l e d wi t h some of h i s men. Th i s t e n d e d t o irritate t h e Ghilzais,
and it was t h e r e f o r e de t e r mi ne d t o pl a c e t h e f o r t of Kalat-i-Ghilzai
i n a state o f r e pa i r . Th e Ghi l z a i s t h e n s u r r o u n d e d t h e f or t , and
at t empt ed t o har ass t h e working par t i es. Colonel Wymer was now sent
o u t t o r e i n f o r c e t h e p o s t wi t h 406 ba yone t s , 2 guns , and some caval-
r y. On h i s way h e was a t t a c k e d by 5, 000 Ghi l z a i s who came on in t he
mos t ga l l a nt and de t e r mi ne d manner, s wo r d i n hand, t o t h e very
ba yone t s o f Wymer' s men. Again and agai n t h e y came on, and again
and agai n were t h e y be a t e n back by t h e f i r e o f Haw ki ns ' guns and of
t h e 3 8 t h I nf a nt r y. For t wo h o u r s t h e y c ont i nue d t h e f i g h t , but at
last t h e y ga ve way. The y l e f t many d e a d on t h e gr ound, and all
n i g h t l ong t h e movi ng l i g h t s announced t h a t many more, bot h of
ki l l e d and wounde d, were c a r r i e d o f f t o t h e i r camp.
Th e Ea s t e r n Ghi l z a i s now r o s e , and Col onel Chamber s was s e n t from
Kabul wi t h a f o r c e t o p u n i s h t hem; b u t b e f o r e h e g o t up t o them, a
c h a r g e o f t h e 5 t h c a va l r y had s c a t t e r e d t hem i n d i s a s t r o u s f l i ght .
A f o r c e w a s s e n t i n Se pt e mbe r 1 8 4 1 i n t o
Zurmat t o r e d u c e t h a t Coun-
t r y o n c e mor e t o obe di e nc e . All t h e f o r t s were f ound evacuat ed and
were des t r oyed .
A t t h i s t i m e came t h e r e s o l u t i o n o f t h e I ndi an Gover nment t o curtail
t h e e x p e n d i t u r e i n Af g hani s t an, and c o n s e q u e n t l y t h e allowances
gi ve n t o t h e Ghi l z a i s we r e a mongs t o t h e r s wi t hdr awn. They a t once
r o s e , o c c u p i e d t h e p a s s e s t o wa r d s Jal al abad, pl unde r e d a kafi l a, and
e n t i r e l y c u t o f f communi cat i on wi t h Pes hawar . Sal e' s br i gade, re-
t ur ni ng t o I ndi a, was commi ssi oned t o s t i f l e t h e i ns ur r ect i on en
r out e . On t h e 9 t h Oct ober 1841, Col onel Mont e i t h' s f o r c e was at-
t a c k e d by t hem a t Bukha k, and 25 men were ki l l e d and wounded*
On
t h e 1 2 t h t h e y o c c u p i e d t h e Khurd Kabul d e f i l e , but a f t e r a s mar t
f i g h t t h e p a s s was c l e a r e d. On t h e 1 4 t h t h e Ghi l zai s made a night
a t t a c k on t h e camp i n t h e Khurd Kabul val l ey, whi ch, ai ded by
t r e a c h e r y , was i n a meas ur e s u c c e s s f u l . Sal e t h e n made a move
f or war d, and was again at t acked with gr e a t per si st ency and consider-
a bl e ga l l a nt r y i n t h e d e f i l e s o f J a g d d a k , l o s i n g more t han 100 men
ki l l e d and wounded. Af t e r t h i s t h e y s ki r mi s he d more Or l e s s wi t h
S a l e till h i s e n t r a n c e i n t o J a l a l a ba d, a n d it is p r o b a b l e t h a t a
g r e a t por t i on o f t h e f o r c e wi ch a f t e r wa r d s b e s e i g e d him were Ghil-
z a i s .
But t h e gr and o p p o r t u n i t y o f t h e Ghi l z a i s was t o come.
On t h e 6t h
Januar y 1842, t h e Br i t i s h a u t h o r i t i e s a t Kabul t ook t h e f at al step
o f r e t r e a t i n g , d u r i n g an Af g h a n wi nt e r , wi t h a di s or ga ni s e d armyr
and i n t h e f a c e of a t r e a c he r ous foe.
F~~~ ~ " t k h a k , till t h e l ast
man o f t h a t f o r c e was ki l l e d or t a k e n pr i s one r , t h e Ghi l z a i s s ur -
r ounded t hem, a t t a c k i n g , pl unde r i ng, mas s acr i ng all t h a t came t o
hand; 3,000 s oul s went down be f or e t he i r merciless hand in t h e Khurd
Kabul; a t Tezi n t h e number was r a i s e d t o 12, 000; a t Gandamak 20
mus ke t s were all t h a t c oul d b e mus t e r e d, and i n a f e w h o u r s mor e o f
t h e s e t oo were gone. The Ghi l z a i s i n d e e d dr a nk t h e i r f i l l o f ~ r i -
t i s h bl ood.
Again, on t h e oc c a s i on of Gener al Pol l oc k' s a dva nc e a t J a gda l a k, on
8t h Se pt e mbe r 1842, t h e G hi l z a i s a p p e a r e d c r owni ng t h e he i g h t s .
" La r ge b o d i e s o f Gh i l z a i s , " s a y s Kaye "were c l u s t e r i n g o n t h e
he i ght s . The p r a c t i c e of o u r g u n s was e x c e l l e n t , b u t t h e Ghi l zai
war r i or s s t o o d t h e i r gr ound. The s h e l l s f r om our h o wi t z e r s b u r s t
amongst t hem; b u t still t h e y he l d t h e i r p o s t s , still t h e y pour e d i n
a h o t f i r e f r om t h e i r j ezai l s . The f l owe r o f t h e Ghi l zai t r i b e s
were t he r e under many of t he i r most renowned c hi e f s , and t h e y l ooked
down upon t h e s c e n e o f t h e i r r e c e n t s a ngui na r y t r i umphs .
But t h e y
had now o t h e r men t o d e a l wi t h. The l oud c l e a r c r y o f t h e Br i t i s h
i nf a nt r y s t r u c k a pani c i n t o t h e i r s o u l s , and t h e y t u r n e d and f l ed. "
Ne ve r t he l e s s , t h e y a ga i n a p p e a r e d t o a t t a c k and mol e s t McCaski l l ' s
advance t o j oi n Pol l ock. Again, on t h e 1 3 t h Se pt e mbe r a t Tezi n,
t h e y j oi ned Akbar Khan, f i g h t i n g wi t h g r e a t ga l l a nt r y and p e r s e v e r -
ance, b u t agai n i n vai n, be i ng i n t h e p r e s e n c e of b e t t e r men.
Now w e t ur n t o t h e s o u t h e r n Ghi l zai s , who d i s p l a y e d t h e same d e t e r -
mined h o s t i l i t y a s d i d t h e i r n o r t h e r n b r e t h r e n .
Capt ai n Woodburn, p r o c e e d i n g j u s t b e f o r e t h e out br e a k a t Kabul f r om
Ghazni t o Kabul wi t h a de t a c hme nt o f 130 men, was set upon by a
par t y of Ghi l zai s , and a l l b u t s i x were ki l l e d.
The Ghilzais at t acked Ghazni on t h e 20t h November 1841, but conf i ned
themselves to keepi ng up a bl ockade, shoot i ng ever yone w ho appear ed.
A t l a s t i n March 1842 t h e ga r r i s on s u r r e n d e r e d . Many o f t h e s e p o y s
were massacr ed by t h e Ghi l zai s i n a t t e mpt i ng an e s c a p e by t hem-
s e l ve s .
Kalat-i-Ghilzai was a l s o b e s i e g e d by t h e Ghi l zai s. The y a r r i ve d on
9t h December 1841, b u t d i d n o t a t t e mp t a nyt hi ng s e r i o u s till Apr i l ,
when t h e y began t o c o l l e c t i n g r e a t number s, and by May had com-
pl et el y s ur r ounde d t h e pl ace. A t l a s t , hear i ng t h a t Gener al Not t
had s e n t a f o r c e t o r e l i e ve Kalat-i-Ghilzai unde r Col onel Wymer, t h e
Ghi l zai s de t e r mi ne d t o a n t i c i p a t e t h e r e l i e f by maki ng a d e s p e r a t e
assaul t . Accor di ngl y t h e y p r e p a r e d a number of s e a l i ng l a d d e r s and
gal l ant l y mount ed t o t h e a s s a ul t . Thr i c e t h e y came bol dl y on,
pl ant i ng one of t h e i r s t a n d a r d s wi t hi n a yar d o f t h e muzzl e o f o n e
of t h e g u n s and t h r i c e t h e y were d r i v e n back wi t h d i s c h a r g e s o f
gr a pe and h o t f i r e o f mus ket r y. They a l s o a t t e mp t e d t o g e t i n a t
t h e embr as ur es and ove r t h e p a r a p e t s i n t h e mos t de t e r mi ne d manner.
They f i r e d little, but came on s wor d i n hand wi t h t h e i r ma t c hl oc ks
sl ung. The a s s a u l t l a s t e d from t we n t y mi nut e s t o hal f an hour .
Every one was a s t o n i s h e d a t t h e b o l d n e s s and de t e r mi na t i on o f t h e
at t ack. They l e f t 104 de a d b o d i e s a t t h e f o o t of t h e d e f e n c e , and
wi t hi n a f e w da ys a f t e r t h e a s s a ul t , i t was f ound t h a t t h e number o f
killed and wounded men, who di ed within a f ew days a f t e r t h e act i on,
considerably exceeded 400. Thei r number were computed a t 6,000 men.
Undismayed by t h i s d e f e a t , t h e y agai n j oi ned Shams-ud-di n Khan a t
Ghazni t o o p p o s e Not t ' s a dva nc e , and t h i s f o r c e is d e s c r i b e d by Not t
a9 having behaved i n a mos t bol d and qa l l a nt manner.
Again t h e y j oi ned shams- ud- di n i n opposi ng Gener al Not t a t Bini
Bad am.
Again t h e Ghi l zai s a s s e mbl e d on t h e r e t i r e me nt o f Pol l oc k' s f o r c e
and a t t a c ke d it a t Tezi n, Haf t Kotal and Jagdal ak.
Thus, it may b e s a i d, wi t h p e r f e c t t r u t h , t h a t i n t h i s campai gn t h e
Ghi l zai s wer e t h e f i r s t t o a t t a c k u s and t h e l a s t t o o p p o s e us.
They wer e engaged in ever y f i g h t of any consequence duri ng t he whole
campai gn, and i n all t h e y s h o we d a mos t de t e r mi ne d gal l ant r y and a
mos t unt i r i ng h o s t i l i t y t o us.
Th e Ghi l z a i s a l l e x e c r a t e t h e Dur ani s, whom t h e y r e g a r d a s usur per s,
and s ul l e nl y pay o b e d i e n c e t o t h e Kabul Gover nment . In t h e begin-
ni ng o f 1849 t h e n o r t h e r n s e c t i o n s r e v o l t e d .
I t a p p e a r s t h a t Muham-
mad Akbiu Khan had t aken t h e oat h o f br ot her hood with Muhammad Shah
Khan Ghi l zai , (Of Badi abad r enown, and f a t h e r o f Fai z Muhammad
Khan-see "Lag hman.") whi ch a c t under t h e Muhammadan l a w placed them
on t h e f o o t i n g o f b r o t h e r s . Ac c or di ngl y when Muhammad Akbar di ed,
Muhammad Shah not only claimed t o i nher i t hi s pr oper t y, but demanded
p o s s e s s i o n o f h i s wi dows and t h e p o s t o f Wazir. Th e s e pr et ensi ons
Muhammad Shah was p r e p a r e d t o e n f o r c e by ar ms, and t h e Ghilzais
r e s p o n d e d i n l a r g e number s t o h i s a ppe a l . Dost Muhammad s e nt an
army t o r e d u c e him, b u t it pr ove d i n s u f f i c i e n t f o r t h e pur pose. ~t
l e n g t h i n Apr i l 1849 h e r a i s e d an army o f 25, 000 vet er an Abdalis,
who had be e n b r o u g h t u p i n h a t r e d o f t h e Ghi l zai s , and s oon compel-
l e d Muhammad Sha h t o s u r r e n d e r a t d i s c r e t i o n , and t o gi ve up cert ai n
t r e a s u r e s h e had s e i z e d . Ghulam Hai dar Khan, t h e hei r - appar ent , was
t h e n pl aced i n c h a r g e o f t h e Ghi l zai s . The y agai n r ebel l ed under
Muhammad Sha h, b u t Ghulam Hai dar be i ng s e n t a g a i n s t t hem, t he y were
once more r educed t o obedi ence.
I smat ul l a Khan, J abar Khel , a d e v o t e d f r i e n d of Yakub Khan, was head
of t h e Ghi l z a i s d u r i n g t h e l a s t Af gha n war. H e ga ve a g r e a t deal of
annoyance dur i ng t h e whol e o f t h e pe r i od t h a t t h e Br i t i sh army
r emai ned i n Af gha ni s t a n, and d u r i n g t h e i nve s t me nt of Sher pur he
a t t a c k e d Norman near J a gda l a k and was d e f e a t e d . In t h e end of 1881
h e was d i s c o v e r e d i n t r i g u i n g wi t h Ayub Khan, and was consequent l y
i mpr i s one d a t Kabul. Af t e r be i ng k e p t i n c onf i ne me nt f o r some time
by Ami r Abdur Rahman h e was pr i va t e l y ha nge d ( Oct ober 1882) , and hi s
b o d y gi ve n t o h i s r e l a t i ve s . H i s e l d e s t s o n Muhammad Hashim was
a l s o ki l l e d by A mi r Abdur Rahman, wh i l s t t wo o t h e r s a r e sai d t o be
i n Kaf i r i s t an ( Nur i s t an) , and t h e y o u n g e s t , Abdur Rahman, is with
o t h e r Af gha n r e f u g e e s i n Rawal Pi ndi .
Anot her p o we r f u l c h i e f o f t h e Ghi l z a i s was Arsal a Khan, Jabar Khel.
H e was a s t a u n c h s u p p o r t e r of A mi r S h e r Al i , and s u f f e r e d gr eat l y in
t h a t s o v e r e i g n ' s c a us e . On S h e r Al i ' s r e t u r n t o power h e was made
Gover nor of Kurram and Zurmat. In 1870 h e was a ppoi nt e d one of t he
c h o s e n c ounc i l l or s , and r e c e i ve d t h e p o s t of For ei gn Minister in
November 1873. H e di ed some s i x mont hs bef or e t h e wa r with ~ngl and
b r o k e out - - see "Jabar Khel."
I n 1882 t h e a c k n o wl e d g e d c h i e f o f t h e Ghi l zai tribe was Khar Muham-
mad Khan, Jabar Khel , s o n of Muhammad Khan. H e was t h e n an old man
o f ove r 70 ye a r of a ge .
1886 s a w t h e Ghi l zai s o n c e more i n o p e n r e be l l i on a ga i ns t t h e Ruler
of Af ghani s t an. Th i s t i m e t h e r e v o l t a p p e a r s t o have had its origin
i n t h e o p p r e s s i v e t a xa t i on i mpos ed on t h e tribe by Ami r Abdur Rah-
man. The f i r s t o v e r t a c t was an a t t a c k be t we e n Mukur and ~ h a z n i On
a newl y r a i s e d Durani r e gi me nt mar chi ng unarmed from Kandahar to
Kabul wi t h t r e a s u r e ; t h e r e g i me n t be i ng d e f e a t e d and t h e t reasure
l oot ed. Thi s happened about t h e 20t h of October.
The rebel s chief-
l y c o n s i s t e d of Andar i s, b u t t h e y were j oi ned by o t h e r s , especidY
t h e Sulaiman Khel; t h e r e v o l t was l e d by t h e s o n s of Our old oppo-
nent . Murhk-i-Alam. Th e A mi r a t o n c e d e s p a t c h e d a f o r c e from ltabul
c o n s i s t i n g of 3 r e g i me n t s of i nf a nt r y, 1 o f caval r y, and 1 battery
o f a r t i l l e r y, unde r Ghulam Hai dar Khan, Orakzai . The r e be l s by t hi s
t i m e were s ai d t o number 20, 000 men of all s e c t i ons . No decisive
a c t i on t ook pl a c e till t h e 1 1 t h November, when t h e r ebel s were
at acked and di s per s ed.
Duri ng t h e wi nt er p e r f e c t q u i e t pr e va i l e d, hvt Lais was c hi e f l y due
t o t h e s eas on. I n March 1887 t h e out br e a k was r e n e we d , a p p a r e n t l y
by t h e Hot aks, Tokhi s , Andar i s and Tar aki s, a s s i s t e d by t h e ~ a g h u r i
Hazaras. Af t e r gai ni ng s ome s l i g h t s u c c e s s t h e y seem t o ha ve m e t
wi t h t wo d e f e a t s near Mukur, a t t h e h a n d s o f Ghulam ~ a i d a r , b u t i n
t h e Maruf d i s t r i c t t h e y i n t h e i r t u r n a p p e a r t o ha ve d e f e a t e d s ome
Kandahar t r o o p s u n d e r Si ka nda r Khan. The r e be l l i on c ont i nue d t o
s pr e a d, t h e Nasi r s, Kakar s, and c e r t a i n s e c t i o n s o f t h e Hazar as
making common c a u s e wi t h t h e Ghi l zai s. Owing t o t h i s i n c r e a s e i n
t he i r number s, Ghulam Hai dar pl ayed a wai t i ng game and a f t e r some
i nde c i s i ve f i g h t i n g mar ched s o u t h and e f f e c t e d a j unc t i on wi t h t h e
Kandahar f or c e .
The A m i r ' s d i f f i c u l t i e s were f u r t h e r e n h a n c e d a t t h i s t i m e b y
di s t ur ba nc e s i n t h e Shi nwar i c ount r y, whi c h b r o k e o u t a bout t h e e n d
of Apri l and c ont i nue d t h r o u g h o u t May and J une.
The Ghi l zai i n s u r r e c t i o n c o n s e q u e n t l y a s s ume d s t ~ U mor e f or mi da bl e
pr opor t i ons , and a l a r g e number o f To k h i s and Tar aki s , s a i d t o have
amounted t o 30, 000, men a s s e mbl e d i n Nawa near t h e ~ b - i - ~ s t a d a ,
whi l s t a n o t h e r body c o l l e c t e d i n Mizan, be t we e n t h e Tarnak and
Arg handab. On t h e o t h e r hand, t h e g a t h e r i n g i n Maruf d i s p e r s e d a nd
t h u s set f r e e a por t i on o f t h e A mi r ' s t r o o p s f o r o p e r a t i o n s i n Nawa.
Leaving Si kandar Khan i n Maruf t o wa t c h t h e Hot aki s , Ghulam Hai dar
t her ef or e moved nor t hwar ds agai nst Nawa, Muhammad Husain Khan, with
a not he r f o r c e advanci ng on t h e same d i s t r i c t f r om Ghazni .
About t h e mi ddl e o f Jul y, Ghulam, Haidar a p p e a r s t o have r e c e i v e d
some r e i nf or c e me nt s , and on t h e 26t h o f t h a t mont h h e came u p wi t h
t h e Nawa i n s u r g e n t s a t Sh i r i Kotal, a l s o c a l l e d Kot al Dab, and
gai ned a s omewhat d e c i s i v e vi c t or y.
Thi s a p p e a r s t o have d i s h e a r t e n e d t h e ma l c ont e nt s , and t h e y were
about t o d i s p e r s e , b u t on he a r i ng o f Ayub Khan' s e s c a p e f r om Te he r a n
t h e y began t o g a t h e r agai n, and c ont i nue d t o commi t d e p r e d a t i o n s by
ni ght near t h e mi l i t ar y camps, r e t i r i n g t o t h e h i l l s by day. Th e
A m i r d e s i r o u s o f c onc i l i a t i ng t hem, al l owed Ghulam Hai dar t o e x p e n d
R s . 50,000 i n gr a nt i ng khi l l a t s , etc., and s oon a f t e r wa r d s t h e
r e vol t di e d out . In December t h e A m i r i s s u e d a pr ocl amat i on c a l l i ng
on t h e Andar i s t o r e t u r n t o t h e i r homes, and e x t e n d i n g pa r don t o al l
i ns ur ge nt s , e x c e p t Mulla Abdul Karim, s on o f Mulla Mush k-i-Alam,
Sher Jan Khan, Tar aki , and Muhammad Shah Khan, Hot aki .
Each family p o s s e s s e s its own f l oc k and a f e w camel s, a t e n t , t wo o r
t hr ee iron cooki ng p o t s and wooden bowls, wi t h a f ew s a c ks of fl our.
When s e ve r a l f ami l i es move and l i v e i n c o n c e r t , t h e y f or m a "khel . "
While t h e men wat ch t h e f l o c k s wi t h ar ms by t h e i r s i d e s , t h e women
make "kur ut " and c h e e s e f o r wi nt er ; but t e r mi l k and br ead f o r t h e
dai l y consumpt i on. On t h e march t h e y h e l p t o l e a d t h e camel s and
Pack t h e t e n t s ; t h e y a r e d e c e n t l y d r e s s e d i n a br own p e t t i c o a t and
vei l , but sel dom c ove r t h e i r f a c e u n l e s s i mpude nt l y s t a r e d a t .
Thei r f e a t u r e s a r e r e gul a r , but s omewhat mascul i ne, and t h e i r f i -
gur e s t a l l and good. They marry l a t e and k e e p t h e i r l o o k s a l o n g
time. The f a t h e r o f a young man, who want s a wi f e , p r o p o s e s f o r h i s
son t o t h e b r i d e ' s f a t h e r pr e vi ous l y f e e l i n g h i s way c a r e f ul l y, a s a
r e f us a l may c a u s e a f e u d ; t h e n , e n s u e s a l ong s c e n e o f bar gai ni ng,
at l a s t e nde d by an a gr e e me nt , t h a t t h e br i degr oom s h a l l g i v e a
f e a s t and c e r t a i n p r e s e n t s o f c l o t h e s , s h e e p , and c a t t l e ; t h i s is
not a bar gai n f o r t h e gi r l , b u t t o s a t i s f y t h e nei g hbour s t h a t h e r
w i l l not g i v e h e r t o a be gga r . The e x p e n s e of a mar r i age is
Rs. 100 i n t h e poor c l a s s e s , h e n c e men a r e o f t e n 35 o r 50, and
gener al l y 28 or 30, b e f o r e t h e y can a f f o r d t h e money. The obs t i na c y
t h e custom pr event s t h e pr i ce being l ower ed, t hough many f a t he r s
be ha ppy t o g i v e t h e i r d a u g h t e r s f o r not hi ng we r e t h e y n o t
The de s i r e t o g e t married makes t h e Afghan sometimes t r a de
and o f t e n e r pl under . When all is a r r a nge d, h e is a dmi t t e d t o see
GHILZAO
>'&
34-7 66-45. I n t h e Da i Kundi c ount r y. ( See Mi l i t ary Repor t on
Ha z a r a j a t , P a r t 11.)
GHOGAZAI Or GHAWAY GUZE
34-2 69-35 m. A vi l l a ge a t t h e he a d of t h e Hazar dar akht def i l e,
near t h e Kar s hat al Kotal. (Barton. ) A p l a c e c a l l e d Ghogi zai is
l o c a t e d a t 34-18 69-45 G. (LWA)
GHOJAN Se e AGHAO J AN
32-44 67-36 A.
*GHOLAM Al so see GHULAM
tx
GHOLAM BANDEH r 4 t %
35-11 71-25 m. A vi l l a ge l o c a t e d on a t r i b u t a r y o f t h e Kunar, north
o f Tsunek.
*GHOLAM KHAN KALAI & v L t ~
33-7 70-1 m. A vi l l a ge l o c a t e d s o u t h o f Mashi Kalai, near t he
Pa ki s t a n bor de r .
*GHORAO
>'A+
35-1 67-43 m. A vi l l a ge l o c a t e d on a t r i b u t a r y of t h e Saighan
r i ve r , s o u t h o f Sai g han.
GHORBAND +A+
35-6 68-10 m. Ghor band is a wol es wal i i n Parwan pr ovi nce. The
wol es wal i c o mp r i s e s an a r e a o f 1, 504 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s and has an
a g r i c u l t u r a l popul a t i on t h a t h a s be e n e s t i ma t e d a t about 21,500.
he woleswali is bounde d i n t h e w e s t by Sha i kh Al l , i n t h e nort h by
Tala
wa Bar f ak, i n t h e e a s t by Shi nwa r and Bagram, and i n t h e sout h
and s o u t h we s t by Surkh-i -Parsa. Ghor band i n c l u d e s about 43 vil-
l a g e s , of whi c h 21 have mor e t h a n 500 i nha bi t a nt s . The vi l l ages are
l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows : S u r k h i ya Qalacha, Miana Deh, Do Ab,
Bag h-i- hum, Muli Khel , Yak hda r a , Rahim Khel , ~ar a- i - Tang, Tai Khan,
Qol - i - ~hol , Qol-i-Luch, (Qol -i -Luc h-i-C h a r d e h ) ~ a y l o r - i - C ha r de h,
Luc h- i c ha r de h, Sar Dara-i -Fanduqest an, Rangab, Farah Ger d, JoYe
Duk ht a r , Mak er Khel , Qala-i-Nau Qumchaq, ~es ar - i - Qumchaq, ~ar dana- i -
Qu mc h a q Ch i l a n , Fa r a n j e l , J a n b u t Khe l - i - ~umc ha q, J anbut ~he l - i -
Sai dan, Alam Khel , Kara Khel (Magar Khel ), Kana Khel, Shahi Khelt
Bala Ghal , Far az Khel (Waz Ghar ) , Seyah Ge r d, Tangi ~ala-i-Seyah
Ger d, Seyah Ger d, Deh Nau-i-Siyah Ger d, Mazanah, Payan Deh (Payan
Qar ya) , Cha r de h Langar ( Cha r de h) , Kaliyan, and ~aqab- i - Char deh-
(LWA) I n 1914 t h e a r e a was d e s c r i b e d a s f ol l ows : A val l ey drained
by t h e Ghorband ri ver, and l yi ng bet ween t h e Hindu Kush on t he north
and Koh-i-Baba and t h e Paghman r a n g e s on t h e s out h. Above Kala Doab
it is known a s t h e Dara Sha i k h Al i . 1ts t o t a l l e n g t h by road from
t h e e a s t f o o t o f t h e Shibar p a s s t o t h e Tut umdar a is a bout 60 miles*
It s b r e a d t h v a r i e s g r e a t l y , a s w i l l b e s e e n f r om t h e det ai l ed
d e s c r i p t i o n gi ve n bel ow. The e l e va t i on of t h e val l ey r a nge s between
8, 420 f e e t a t t h e f o o t of t h e Shi ba r and 5,600 f e e t a t
Gul j an.
Th e h o u s e s o f t h e i nha bi t a nt s a r e f l a t - r oof e d; i n summer many
t he m l i v e i n bl ack t e n t s . Th e r e is e x c e l l e n t pa s t ur a ge on some
t h e s ur r oundi ng hi l l s , b u t t h e c h i e f s u b s i s t e n c e of t h e people is
f r om a gr i c ul t ur e . Th e val l ey ie e n c l o s e d be t we e n c l i f f s of
and q u a r t z occas i onal l y i n t e r r u p t e d by ba s a l t i c r o c k s , amyqdaloid
vol cani c a s h e s , s u l p h a t e o f Lime, and o t h e r i ndi c a t i ons of igneous
a c t i on. I t a bounds i n mi ner al s, and a t Far i nj al a ni ne of very rich
lead or e is wor ked t o a g r e a t e x t e n t and wi t h r emar kabl e s ki l l .
Iron or e oc c ur s s o abundant l y i n t h e hi l l s t h a t Lord d i d n o t t h i n k
it n e c e s s a r y t o p a r t i c u l a r i z e its l oc a l i t i e s . Lapi s-l azul i is be-
l i e ve d t o e x i s t n e a r F u l g i r d , a nd z i n c , s u l p h u r , sal - ammoni ac,
ochr e, and n i t r e a r e f ound, a s is sal t . In 1905 c oa l was di s c ove r e d
near Siah Gi r d, b u t it a p p e a r s t o be of poor qual i t y and t h e o u t p u t
is s o s m a l l t h a t t h e wor ki ngs w i l l pr obabl y be s t o p p e d b e f o r e l ong
(1906).
A t t h e p r e s e n t t i m e (1906) t h e ~ a k i m of Ghorband is s a i d t o be one
Shah Daula Khan. H e r e s i de s a t Chahardeh.
The f ol l owi ng not e is by Capt ai n Drummond.
I t must be r emember ed,
however, t h a t t h e Ghorband d i s t r i c t , pr ope r l y s o cal l ed, e x t e n d s
only from Kala Doab t o t h e Bagh-i-Aoghan br i dge , 7 m i l e s bel ow ~ u r j -
i-Guljan, wher eas t h i s not e a p p e a r s t o i nc l ude a l l t h e val l ey down
t o Tutamdara. Above Kala Doab t o Kala Pai Kotal-i-Shibar t h e val l ey
is under t h e Shai kh A l i Hakim, whos e d i s t r i c t a l s o i n c l u d e s t h e
Turkoman and Parsa Daras.
"Revenue-1-1/2 l ak h s (Kabulis) .
"Land r evenue ( al l irrigation). --76, 000 r upe e s , l e vi e d a t 6 r u p e e s
( I ndi an) p e r ' j ar i b. '
"Poll tax.--4 Kabuli r u p e e s p e r head ( f o r male a d u l t s onl y).
"Sheep tax.--One s h e e p o u t of e ve r y f or t y, o r 8 r u p e e s i ns t e a d.
"Goat tax.--4-1/2 r u p e e s f o r e ve r y 40 goat s .
"According t o t h e Amir' s r ul i ng, t a x e s s houl d be l e vi e d i n Kabuli
r upees. The Government of f i c i a l s , however , l i n e t h e i r own p o c k e t s
by making t h e pe opl e pay a t t h e r a t e of f u l l r upe e s .
"There a r e not ve r y many s h e e p i n t h e Ghorband valley.
The l a r g e s t
owners a r e t h e Shi nwar i s, who i nha bi t some of t h e r a vi ne s be t we e n
t h e She kh A l i r i ve r and t h e Paghman mount ai ns.
Tol l t ax. --Per d o n k e y l oa d a t v a r i o u s p l a c e s i n t h e d i s t r i c t ,
accor di ng t o t h e d e s c r i p t i o n of a r t i c l e car r i ed.
"The c hi e f t r a d e is pi s t a c hi os , ' buzghur j l (a dye) and salt (from
Tur ki st an) .
"Tax on pa s t ur a ge f o r nomads, 5 Kabuli r u p e e s pe r f l oc k of 200 or
300 sheep.
"There a r e no camel s i n t h i s d i s t r i c t , e x c e p t wi t h t h e Shi nwar i s ,
who have about 1,000. The Shi nwar i s number a bout 500 f ami l i es.
" The r e is g r a z i n g f o r a b o u t 10, 000 c a me l s ne a r Far i nj al . Ve r y
little came gr azi ng on t h e hi l l s near Si ah Gi rd.
"The t r a ns por t of t h e d i s t r i c t is c h i e f l y donke ys , numberi ng 100 or
more pe r vi l l age.
"In t h e Afghan o f f i c i a l r e c o r d s t h e c a r r i a ge i n donke ys of t h e whol e
d i s t r i c t is l ai d down a t 2,000. Oxen a r e not much us ed. The r e a r e
r oughl y 10, 000 head of c a t t l e . Hor ses nil. Poni es ve r y f ew.
"Crops.--wheat, bar l ey, I ndi an cor n, and little c ot t on i n t h e l owe r
valleys.
The r e is onl y one c r o p p e r annum.
"Veget abl es. - ~eet - r oot , c a r r ot s , t ur ni ps , l ucer ne.
" F r u i t s . - - ~ r a ~ e s ( t h e c e l e b r a t e d Hus a i ni b l a c k , a nd Dahmur gh
speci es. The Husai ni s a r e much pr i z e d and e x p o r t e d i n l a r g e quani -
tities a s r a i s i ns . ) Ap r i c o t s ( e x c e l l e n t ) , a l monds ( f o r e x p o r t ) ,
Pearst a ppl e s , pomegr anat es ( s cant y) , qui nc e ( abundant ) , wal nut s
(abundant) .
"Fi rewood--pl ent i ful in t h e l ower val l eys of bot h t h e paghman and
Hindu Kush r anges. The r o o t s of b u s h e s a r e l a r ge l y us e d, and a r e
Said t o be e xc e l l e nt . Formerly t h e r e wer e a g r e a t number chi nar
t r e e s , but 70,000 of t hem have been c u t down by t h e A m i r ' s o r d e r s
and Sent i nt o Kabul f o r bui l di ng pur pos e s . The r e a r e now har dl y any
l e f t . Ther e a r e no pi s t a c hi os or j uni pe r s and b u t f ew popl ar s.
Willows ar e pl e nt i f ul . ~ l l t h e bi g trees wi t h t h i c k t r u n k s have
been c u t down and s e n t t o Kabul, and t h e s uppl y of wood is of f i c i a l -
l y r ecor ded f or t h e l ead mines a t Farinjal. (The ent i r e Ghorband
val l ey is d e s t i t u t e of any timber f o r f uel , e xc e pt f r ui t trees.
Peacocke. )
"The d i s t r i c t of Ghorband c ons i s t s of 18 val l eys, a s follows:--
1. Deh Tangi
?
2. Shaikh A l i 5,000
3. Dara-i-Saiadan 2,000
4. Fi nduki st an
300
5. Wazghur, Darzg i r d 2 00
6. Ust arshahar
100
7. Kakshal
100
8. Kaoshan
9. Mir-i-Ashwa
10. Kol-i-Yer
11. Istama
12. Kol-i-Kol
13. Kol-i-Lich
14. Mazara
18. Darwaz 300
f ami l i es
II
II
I 8
II
II
II
Taj i ks, et c.
Hazaras
Kheshg i Afghans
Taj i ks
?, Shinwaris
1/2 Taj i ks,
1/2 Shinwaris
and 1/2 Turki-
speaking Taj i k s .
Shinwar is
Sayyids
Shinwar is
II
Nek Pai Hazaras
II
Shaikh A l i
Ha zar a s
Taj i ks
Hazaras
Shaikh A l i
Hazaras
II
he above is a ver y r ough est i mat e. The t ot al population of the
d i s t r i c t may be put down a t 46,000 souls."
Fur t her i nformat i on r egar di ng t h e Shai kh A l i port i on of t he valley
is gi ven under t h a t headi ng.
In 1886 a made road, 15 t o 30 f e e t wide, general l y practicable for
wheel ed car r i age, l ed up t h e Ghorband a s f ar a s t h e mouth of the
Kipchak gl en, and i nformat i on has s i nce been r ecei ved t o t he ef f ect
t h a t t h i s road has now been compl et ed a s f ar a s Bamian, and also U P
t he ~ i p c h a k and over t he Chahardar Pass.
The fol l owi ng det ai l ed des cr i pt i on of t h e valley from above down-
wards is t aken from Peacocke' s Diary, 1886:
Descendi ng e a s t from t h e Shi bar pass, t h e head of t h e ~horband
val l ey is ent er ed a t 2-3/8 m i l e s from Diwal Bolak. The valley a t
and below t h i s poi nt is most gener al l y known a s t h e Dara Shaikh Al l .
I t t a k e s i t s r i s e in t h e Koh-i-Jaolangah, and as f ar as t hi s point
is known a s t h e Dara Sangandao. Thi s l a t t e r dara issues close to
t h e f oot of t h e de s c e nt t hr ough a narrow, r ocky gor ge, below which
t h e val l ey bends east war d and a t once e xpa nds t o a width of 200
yar ds. A road, f i t f or pack animals, r uns up t h e Dara sangandao to
e i t he r t h e Kotal-i-Kharzar or t h e Kotal-i-Sangandao.
A t 1/4 mile ( di s t ances from t h e poi nt wher e t h e valley was entered).
is Kala Pai Kotal. Two small mud f o r t s of 10 families of Kara Maul
Shai kh Alis. The bed of t h e val l ey he r e becomes dry, and t he stream
is now conf i ned i n a r egul ar wat ercourse. There is good camping
ground about t h e f or t s . Cul t i vat i on commences, and continues down
t h e valley occasi onal l y i nt e r s pe r s e d with small gr a s s chamans and
t r e e s .
A t 1/2 mi l e a smal l r avi ne c a l l e d Dara Ghor bandak j oi ns on t he
r i ght , and by it an al t er nat i ve road j oi ns from Diwal ~ o l a k Over the
Shi bar wat er shed.
In heavy snow t h i s road is used i n preference
t he main road, and is cl ear ed of snow by t h e men of ~ i w a l B0hk i f
t r oops s houl d t h e n ha ve t o march. Snow r a r e l y f a l l s a t Kala ~ a i
~ o t a l d e e p e r t h a n 2 f e e t . The val l ey now i n c r e a s e s i n wi d t h t o
about 400 y a r d s , and a t 1-1/4 m i l e s is j oi ned on t h e r i g h t by a
l ar ge dar a c a l l e d Bedkul , u p whi c h is a d i f f i c u l t r oad t o t h e cr est
of t h e Koh-i-Baba and t h e n c e t o Kala Hi s s ar i n Bes ud.
From h e r e downwa r ds k i s h l a k s and smal l f o r t vi l l a ge s a r e p a s s e d i n
t h e bed of t h e val l ey a t s h o r t i nt e r va l s , none of any pa r t i c ul a r
name, e x c e p t Bed Kala Ni r kh and Bin-i-Sehwak. The o t h e r s a r e known
by t h e names o f t h e pa r t i c ul a r l a t e r a l val l ey t h a t h a p p e n s t o j oi n
cl os e by, a l l of whi c h have wel l -known names.
~t 2-1/2 m i l e s u p t h e Tangi Tai du Kul o c c u r s t h e onl y d i f f i c u l t b i t
of any i mpor t ance i n t h i s s t a g e . The r e is an ol d, uns ound, masonr y
f o o t b r i d g e cal l ed ~ul - i - Sa ngi bel ow Tai du Kul, wh e r e t h e r i v e r
gul l y is onl y 10 f e e t wi de. Th e Sa gpa r val l ey t h a t j oi ns h e r e f r om
t h e s out h r u n s u p t o t h e Koh-i-Baba, t h u s gi vi ng a c c e s s t o Gulak i n
Besud .
A t 3 3/4 m i l e s t h e Dara Bot i an j oi ns on t h e l e f t , and a t 4 1/2 t h e
Dara Kajak comes i n f r om t h e s out h. Roads l e a d u p b o t h , and ove r
t h e main r a nge s .
A t 6 3/4 m i l e s t h e Sabz Kot al is c r o s s e d . I t is a l ow, f l a t s p u r
pr oj ect i ng a c r o s s t h e val l ey from t h e h i l l s on t h e l e f t and c onf i n-
i ng t h e r i ve r t o a bed 20 y a r d s wi de. The kot a l is onl y a bout 70
f e e t hi gh, and p r e s e n t s no d i f f i c u l t y t o guns .
The Dara J ar f j oi ns on t h e r i g h t a t 9 1/2 miles, and t h e Dara ~ i r k h
a t 11 miles. Bot h a r e l a r g e , wel l - cul t i vat ed va l l e ys wi t h t h e i r
head i n t h e main oh-i-Baba r a n g e . T h e r o a d u p t h e Ni r k h is
passabl e by camel s.
The vi l l age of Pin-i-Sehwak is r e a c h e d a t 12 mi l e s .
A t 12 1/2 m i l e s Kala ~ a z i Nawi is p a s s e d ; 1 0 f ami l i es o f Naiman
Shai kh Alis, owni ng 2 f l o c k s and 50 h e a d s o f c a t t l e . The Naiman
t ai f a e n d s he r e , and f r om h e r e t o Dahan-i-Taori b e l o n g s t o t h e
Kalluk t a i f a , of whi ch t h e r e a r e 500 f ami l i es i n all i n t h e val l ey,
owning 6 wat er mi l l s, and 200 f l o c k s and 700 head of c a t t l e . Si x t y
more f ami l i es of t h i s t a i f a l i v e up t h e Dahan-i-Taori.
Below Kala Kazi Nawi t h e val l ey o p e n s o u t t o a b r e a d t h o f 1 1/2
miles and is w e l l c ul t i va t e d, wi t h numer ous vi l l a ge s and ga r de ns .
Thi s broad por t i on is c a l l e d Nawi. The h i l l s on t h e r i g h t o f t h e
valley now s i nk i n t o a s e r i e s o f g e n t l e r ounde d r i d g e s and s p u r s
pr oj ect i ng from t h e Koh-i-Darwaz. The main r a n g e of t h e Koh-i-Baba,
whi ch r uns l i k e a w a l l from t h e I r ak Kot al t o a b r e s t o f t h i s poi nt ,
her e e n d s i n t h e Koh-i-Darwaz. Behi nd Koh-i-Darwaz lies t h e l a r g e
valley cal l ed Dahan-i-Turkoman, and beyond t h a t agai n t o t h e s o u t h
lie t h e Paghman mount ai ns.
A t 13 1/2 miles t h e val l ey c o n t r a c t s t o 150 ya r ds , and is mainly
occupi ed by t h e gr a ve l l y bed of t h e r i ve r . About h e r e t h e Dara
Shi ngari an j oi ns on t h e l e f t . Up it r u n s a r oad t o Sai Kazi.
A t 15 miles t h e e nd nar r ows , and t h e val l ey becomes 3/4 m i l e wi de,
and is f i l l e d wi t h a l a r ge , l e ve l , g r a s s y haman d o t t e d wi t h habi t a-
t i ons, walled g a r d e n s , and or c ha r ds . The chaman is cal l ed Gazar,
and forms a good camping ground.
At 15 3/4 m i l e s t h e wi de and f e r t i l e Dara Jangal ak j oi ns on t h e
r i ght . A road g o e s up it f o r t h e Turkoman Dara. A t 16 1/2 miles
t h e Robat Dara comes in on t h e l e f t . I t g i v e s a c c e s s t o t h e Zak
KOtal. J u s t bel ow its mout h t h e main val l ey b e n d s t o t h e l e f t , and
c ont r a c t s s e r i ous l y f o r t h e f i r s t t i m e t o form t h e t a n g i cal l ed
Khak-i-~hulam Al i . The s t e e p, r ocky pr eci pi ces of t h e r ugged, r ocky
cal l ed Koh-i-Ghafrah a but on t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e r i ve r , and
t he l ef t bank is c l os e l y l i ne d wi t h br oke n h i g h gr ound, t h r o u g h
whi c h a number o f r a vi ne s and da r a s d i s c h a r g e g r e a t h e a p s o f s t o n e s
and b o u l d e r s . Ha b i t a t i o n s a nd c u l t i v a t i o n now al most e n t i r e l y
c e a s e , and t h e road becomes hi l l y f o r t h e n e x t 4 mi l e s .
A t 17 1/2 miles a r oad br a nc he s u p a r avi ne named Dahan-i-sai, and
l e a d s by t h e Sai Kotal t o Lol i ng and t h e Dahan-i-Turkoman, ~t is
sai d t o be easy.
Here t h e t a ngi is f u r t h e r c ont r a c t e d by a f l a t t er r ace, 70 f eet
hi gh, whi ch p r o j e c t s a c r o s s it from t h e hi l l s on t h e l e f t , and
c o n f i n e s t h e r i ve r t o a s m a l l gul l y 80 y a r d s wide. Thi s terrace
f or ms a good pos i t i on t o bar t h e r oad, and coul d be hel d by t wo
b a t t a l i o n s .
A t 18 m i l e s t h e Dara Taor i j oi ns on t h e l e f t , i s s ui ng from among
br oke n s t e e p cl ay hi l l s . A bad f o o t p a t h l e a d s up it and over t he
Kotal-i-Taori t o Dasht-i-Ghabar a t t h e head of Dara Margh f or Tala.
The t a ngi now b e n d s s ha r pl y t o t h e r i g h t r ound t h e f oot of t he
c l i f f s of t h e Koh-i-Ghafrah, and f o r t h e n e x t m i l e wi dens out t o 200
t o 300 ya r ds , wi t h a wi de s t r i p of l e v e l b u t s t o n y ground on t he
l e f t bank of t h e r i ver . The Dara Sar aj j oi ns on t h e l e f t , and a
pa t h l e a d s u p it t o t h e main r ange; b u t not hi ng coul d be learned
about it. I t is little us e d and L i t t l e known.
From t h e commencement of t h e Tangi Khak-i-G hulam A l i t o Farinjal t he
popul at i on is ve r y s c a nt y, and t h e r e is little or no cultivation.
Some 10 f ami l i es of A l i Jam l i v e j u s t bel ow Taori; 10 more live at
Kala Shah Nazar; and a not he r 1 0 a t Kala Khal Beg---owning in all 1 0
f l o c k s and 200 head of c a t t l e . The onl y o t h e r habi t at i ons in t hi s
s e c t i o n are Kala Doab, 10 f ami l i es Taj i ks, and a s m a l l hamlet a t t he
mout h of t h e Dahan-i-Behuda. Tajik popul at i on commences regularly
a t Kala Doab.
A t 19 1/2 m i l e s t h e Dara Behuda j oi ns on t h e l e f t , and he r e t h e main
val l ey wi dens o u t t o 3/4 of a mi l e . 1 1/2 m i l e s f u r t h e r on t he
Turkoman Dara st r eam i s s u e s t h r o u g h t h e Tangi Loling and a s l ar ge as
t h e main st r eam. Here a t Kala Doab, t h e Tangi Khak-i-Ghulam Afi may
b e sai d t o ceas e.
The val l ey, whi ch is 1 m i l e wi de a t Doab, c o n t r a c t s a t 22 1/2 miles
t o hal f a m i l e i n wi dt h, and t h e n c e t o 24 3/4 miles is a good easy
r oad over t h e pl ai n or s l opi ng d a s h t . Kala Shah Nazar is passed at
23 1/2 miles, and a little f u r t h e r on a r e t h e Fari nj al l ead mines,
whi l e a t 24 3/4 miels t h e Dara Far i nj al j oi ns on t h e l e f t .
For t h e n e x t m i l e t h e r oad r u n s r ound t h e f o o t of a f l a t terrace
a bout 70 f e e t h i g h , whi ch p r o j e c t s a c r o s s t h e val l ey from the
br oke n hi l l s on t h e l e f t . Thi s t e r r a c e f or ms a good, but small
pos i t i on t o c l o s e t h e val l ey, and coul d be hel d by one Or two
br i gades . Af t e r r oundi ng t h e end of t h e t e r r a c e , t h e valley opens
out i nt o a f l a t , gr avel l y bay, q u i t e 1 m i l e in wi dt h. The village
of F'arinjal lies on t h e l e f t .
A t 27 1/2 m i l e s t h e s mal l v i l l a g e o f Kala Khan, 1 0 f ami l i es
Sayyid Taj i ks, lies c l o s e on t h e r i g h t .
A t 28 1/ 2 m i l e s a not he r t e r r a c e , 150 t o 200 f e e t h i g h , with steeply
s c a r pe d s i d e s , p r o j e c t s a c r o s s t h e val l ey from t h e hi l l s on the
l e f t , and f o r c e s t h e r i ve r t h r o u g h a narrow g o r g e between Its
e xt r e mi t y and t h e r oc ky hi l l s i d e s on t h e o p p o s i t e s i d e of t he
val l ey. Thi s t e r r a c e i s cal l ed Kotal Sakha.
Cha r de h is r e a c he d a t 29 1/ 2 miles. Here t h e s t e e p and narrow Dara
Parsa j oi ns on t h e r i g h t . u p it a camel road l e a d s t o t h e Kah Dara
Kotal f o r Kabul. On t h e l e f t is t h e narrow Kol-i-Lich, UP which is
a t r a c k over t h e main r a nge t o Dara Pai andeh.
A t 32 miles Dara J u i Dukht ar j oi ns on t h e l e f t . Ther e is a
o f t h e same name a t its mout h; whi l e up t h e dar a l i ve 150 familes
Af ghan Koi shki ,
wi t h 3 wat er-mi l l s,
10 f l o c k s , and 500 head of
c a t t l e . A r oad r uns up t h e dar a t o t h e Chahar dar Kotal.
A t 32 3/4 miles is t h e small vi l l age of Deh Rangar, and
the
main road from t h e Chahar dar p a s s j oi ns down t h e Dara ~ i ~ c h ~ ~ Pst
Deb Tangi. One t hous a nd f ami l i es o f Ta j i ks a r e s ai d t o l i v e u p t h e
Dara Ki pchak, owni ng 50 f l o c k s , 1, 000 head o f c a t t l e a nd 1 2 wat er -
m i l l s .
~t Deh Rangar t h e r oad c r o s s e s t o t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e r i v e r by a
wooden b r i d g e o f t wo s p a n s - o n e o f 15, t h e o t h e r o f 2 f e e t .
Roadway 14 f e e t wi de in t h e c l e a r , and c a pa bl e o f c a r r yi ng f i e l d
guns.
Ri ver 30 y a r d s wi de and f o r d a b l e i n Oct ober .
~t 34 1/2 m i l e s e a s y d e s c e n t a t 1 i n 1 5 t o 1 i n 12 f o r 250 y a r d s
i nt o Far ahgi r d. Here t h e h i l l s on t h e r i g h t bank br e a k ba c k, and
from behind them on t h e s out h t h e Pahgman r ange of hi l l s is now s een
appr oachi ng t h e r i ve r . Th i s r a n g e h a s a h a r s h , i r r e g u l a r out l i ne ,
and is o f a r u g g e d , i mpr a c t i c a bl e nat ur e; f r om h e r e d o wn wa r d s it
f or ms t h e s o u t h s i d e o f t h e Ghor band val l ey. Th e Sai dan Dara j oi ns
a t t h i s br e a k, and t h e main val l ey becomes 1 m i l e wi de, be i ng s t u d -
de d wi t h ha bi t a t i ons , g a r d e n s , and o r c h a r d s ; t h e r i v e r t r o u g h is
l e ve l and hal f a m i l e wi de.
A t 37 m i l e s is Si a hgi r d. Here t h e Dara Fi nduki s t a n j oi ns on t h e
r i g h t whi l e t h e Wazghar c ome s i n on t h e l e f t . Op p o s i t e t h e mout h o f
t h e s e t wo d a r a s t h e r i v e r t r o u g h is 1 m i l e wi de, t h e val l ey o p e n s
out t o a wi dt h o f 5 t o 6 mi l e s , and a br oad, gr a ve l l y d a s h t on t h e
r i g h t bank s l o p e s down f r om t h e f o o t o f t h e Paghman r a n g e t o t h e
r i ver t r o u g h , a but t i ng on it i n g r a v e l c l i f f s 150 f e e t hi gh.
A t 38 3/4 m i l e s is Dar azgi r d; a g r o u p o f f o u r s m a l l f o r t s on t h e
l e f t bank, pe opl e d by Shi nwar i s . The val l ey is 2 miles wi de, wi t h
ga r de ns and trees.
A t 40 miles Kala Chaman Nasi r Khan, i n t h e c e n t r e o f a l e ve l , g r a s s y
chaman ext endi ng along t h e r oadsi de f or some 2 mi l e s .
A t 41 3/4 miles t h r e is a good pos i t i on t o c l o s e t h e val l ey f a c i ng
west al ong t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e S h u t u r s h a h r Nala. The l a t t e r j oi ns
on t h e r i g h t s i d e and from its mout h a f l a t t e r r a c e , 80 f e e t h i g h
wi t h s i d e s s c a r p e d a t 45 d e g r e e p r o j e c t s e n t i r e l y a c r o s s t h e val l ey.
Along t h e t o p o f t h i s rise a r e a l i n e of trees and g a r d e n s and s t o n e
walls, wi t h a s m a l l mud f o r t i n t h e c e nt r e . On t h e l e f t a t t h e mout h
Of t h e r avi ne wi t h its back t o i na c c e s s i bl e h i l l s f or mi ng t h e s o u t h
s i d e of t h e main val l ey t h e r e is a series o f l ow, nar r ow t e r r a c e s ;
but t h e y a r e commanded by t h e pos i t i on. In f r o n t o f t h e c e n t r e lies
t h e ope n val l ey wi t h uni nt e r r upe d r a n g e u p it. I n f r o n t o f t h e r i g h t
and a c r o s s t h e r i v e r t h e Dahan-i-Nimakao j oi ns. It is e n f i l a d e d f r om
t h e pos i t i on, whi ch a l s o e n f i l a d e s t h e r i v e r bend and commands it
wher e it wi nds ar ound t h e r i g h t o f t h e pos i t i on.
The main d e f e c t o f t h e pos i t i on is a knol l , 1, 300 y a r d s i n f r o n t o f
t h e r i g h t , a t t h e e nd of t h e w e s t s i d e of t h e mout h of t h e Nimakao
ravine. The knol l is ve r y s ma l l . I t s crest commands t h e pos i t i on,
but is a kni f e - e dge d r i d g e . St e e p , i na c c e s s i bl e r o c k s f or m its w e s t
s i de , and s t e e p s l o p e s its e a s t s i de . On t h e w e s t s i d e it is onl y
a c c e s s i bl e by t h e nar r ow ne c k c onne c t i ng it wi t h t h e i na c c e s s i bl e
hi l l s on t h e nor t h s i d e o f t h e val l ey. The knol l woul d have t o b e
hel d by i nf a nt r y, who would onl y have t o guar d t h i s neck. I n f r o n t
of t h e l e f t , u p t h e main val l ey, t h e r e is a l s o a s m a l l t e r r a c e wi t h
a command over t h e pos i t i on, but it is o u t o f e f f e c t i v e a r t i l l e r y
r ange and would onl y be o f a dva nt a ge t o t h e enemy a s a p o s t o f
obser vat i on. The pos i t i on would be s ui t a bl e f o r oc c upa t i on by a
di vi s i on.
The road a s c e n d s on t o t h e pos i t i on by an e a s y ramp o f 1 i n 7 f o r
150 yar ds , and t h e n c r o s s e s t h e gr a ve l l y t e r r a c e , wi t h t h e r i v e r on
its l e f t s unk 150 f e e t i n a t r o u g h hal f a m i l e wi de. The t r o u g h is
bor der ed by s t e e p h i l l s on t h e l e f t bank, and c ont a i ns many vi l -
l ages , g a r d e n s and trees. The popul at i on a r e Tur ks , who came or i gi -
nally f rorn Samar kand, and have be e n l ong e s t a b l i s h e d he r e .
At 43 1/2 m i l e s Khak-i-Sanga, a g r o u p o f vi l l a ge s , trees, and gar -
de ns . The i nha bi t a nt s h e r e and u p t h e Dara Si nj i t a r e al s o Turks.
Cul t i vat i on now c e a s e s , and t h e r i ve r t r o u g h is whol l y occupied by
t h e br oad, gr avel l y r i ve r bed. The t r o u g h gr adual l y cont r act s to
hal f a mi l e , t h e n t o a qua r t e r m i l e , and t h e n t o 200 yar ds wide at
t h e Tangi Khakshal l . Road r emai ns good and l evel , is 18 f e e t wide,
and overhangs t h e ri ver bed 20 f e e t below.
A t 46 m i l e s t h e mout h of t h e Dara Si nj i t is c r os s e d. Thi s is a
s m a l l , s t ony r avi ne, and a r oad r u n s up it t o Kotal-i-Sinjit on t he
Pag hman r ange, s a i d t o be d i f f i c u l t , but pr act i cabl e f or laden
camels. The val l ey agai n o p e n s o u t t o 2 m i l e s wi de, wi t h cultiva-
t i on, vi l l ages , and g a r d e n s and trees, cal l ed Khakshal l . From here
downwards i nha bi t a nt s a r e Shi nwar i s.
A t 48 m i l e s a good campi ng gr ound on t h e Chaman on t h e r i ver bank at
t h e commencement of Bag h-i-Guljan.
A t 49 m i l e s t h e l a r g e Ist aman r avi ne j oi ns on t h e r i ght . A bad track
l e a d s up it t o t h e Pag hman r ange.
The val l ey c h a n g e s c ha r a c t e r a t Burj-i-Guljan; and below it becomes
a l a r g e r avi ne from hal f t o qua r t e r m i l e wi de wi t h br oken, rugged
bed and s t e e p , r oc ky hi l l s a t s i d e s .
A t 50 1/2 m i l e s t h e Dara Kaoshan j oi ns on t h e l e f t . Pat ches of poor
cul t i vat i on and l a r g e wal nut t r e e s l i n e t h e bank of t h e ri ver, and
an occas i onal s t o n e haml et is p e r c h e d up t h e hi l l s i de .
A t 54 miles t h e val l ey c o n t r a c t s per manent l y t o a wi dt h of one-
qua r t e r mi l e . Road r u n s al ong t h e f o o t of t h e hi gh r ocky hill,
r i s i ng a t t i m e s t o 50 f e e t above t h e r i ver . The r e a r e sever al sharp
t u r n s h e r e and one s h o r t , s t e e p pi nc h ( a s c e nt and de s c e nt ) a t 1 in 4
f o r 50 ya r ds , all r e qui r i ng c a r e f u l dr i vi ng. A t 54 1/2 miles Burj-i-
Guljan e nds and Bag h-i-Aog han begi ns .
A t 56 1/2 m i l e s is t h e wooden b r i d g e of Bagh-i-Aoghan, and t h e road
c r o s s e s by it t o t h e l e f t bank. I t w i l l c a r r y f i e l d guns and laden
camel s. Roadway 11 f e e t wi de i n c l e a r be t we e n hand-rails. Seven
c i r c u l a r r o a d - b e a r e r s , 1 0 i n c h e s d i a me t e r , c o v e r e d by 3-inch
pl anki ng; s pa n 33 f e e t . Abut ment s a r e of r ubbl e s t o n e corbel l ed out
8 f e e t on e a c h s i d e of t h e s pa n wi t h br us hwood and l ogs . Bridge Was
bui l t in 1885; i s s ound but ve r y s pr i ngy. Comparat i vel y roomy aP-
pr oaches on bot h banks.
The Ghorband di s t r i c t e n d s here.
A t 57 1/2 m i l e s t h e Chi r t ak Dara j oi ns on t h e r i ght . The river is
h e r e 1 1/2 f e e t d e e p ( Oct ober ) , wi t h s ound, gr a ve l bottom.
A t 59 m i l e s Bagh-i-Aoghan e n d s , and t h e val l ey b e n d s s har pl y t o t he
r i g h t and from h e r e downwa r ds is cal l ed Tutamdara. I t s inhabitants
a r e all Taj i ks. For t h e n e x t 300 y a r d s t h e road is only 10 feet
wi de, and ha s been bui l t up from t h e r i ve r bed al ong t h e f oot of the
hi gh hi l l on t h e r i ght . ~t is s ubs t a nt i a l l y c ons t r uc t e d of stones
and wooden s t a ki ng, b u t would be l i ke l y t o s u f f e r i nj ury when t he
r i v e r is h i g h . I t is a l l a t a l ow l e v e l 6 t o 1 0 f e e t above t he
wat er , e x c e p t i n its l a s t 50 ya r ds , whe r e it a s c e n d s t hr ough a lo
f e e t wi de c u t t i n g t h r o u g h a pr oj e c t i ng r e e f of r ock, and e nds wi t h a
s h o r t d e s c e n t f o r 30 ya r ds a t 1 i n 4.
A t 59 1/ 4 miles t h e val l ey c o n t r a c t s t o 80 ya r ds , and t h e road could
be eas i l y bl ocked by a f ew bl as t i ng c h a r g e s i n t h i s or t he next
bend.
A t 60 miles t h e val l ey is agai n f o r c e d t o bend t o t h e r i ght by a
r oc ky Spur pr oj e c t i ng from t h e hi l l on t h e l e f t . From her e t o its
mout h t h e val l ey c o n t r a c t s t o t h e mere br e a dt h o f t h e r i ver channel
wi t h hi gh c l i f f s on e a c h s i de . The road t h e r e f o r e l eaves t h e valley
t o avoi d t h i s gor ge , and, a s c e ndi ng over t h e neck of t h e Spur caUed
t h e Kotal-i-Matak, d e s c e n d s i nt o t h e Tutamdara plain.
The a s c e n t o f t h e Kotal-i-natal is ve r y s t e e p , and f o r 300 yards t he
road zi g- zags a t a g r a d i e n t of 1 i n 4 (in a f ew pl a c e s 1 i n 3) U P
t h e neck of t h e s pur . The r e is a 1 5 t o 20 f e e t wi de r oadway, but
guns would have t o unhook and be g o t e i t h e r up or down by dr a g-
r opes, and t h e r e t u r n s of t h e zi g- zags r e q u i r e wi deni ng. The r oad
could be eas i l y i mpr oved, a s t h e s o i l is par t i al l y cl ay, and what
rock t h e r e is, is not har d. The a s c e nt , t h o u g h s t e e p , is ve r y s h o r t ,
but would occasi on a bl ock i n any t r a i n of wheel ed c a r r r i a ge s o r
baggage animals. On r e a c hi ng t h e t o p of t h i s main a s c e n t t h e r oad
f or a not he r 300 ya r ds c ont i nue s t o a s c e nd gr adual l y al ong an ope n
s l ope t o what is t r u e kot al . Tot al rise from whe r e val l ey was l e f t ,
340 f e e t . The d e s c e n t is ve r y gr a dua l and is a br oad, e a s y r oad
l eadi ng down over ope n gr avel l y s l o p e s t o t h e plain. Here a t t h e
f oot of t h e d e s c e n t t h e hi l l s a r e f i nal l y l e f t , and t h e r oad, bend-
ing t o t h e r i g h t , c r o s s e s t h e r i ve r a t 60 1/4 m i l e s t o t h e Tut amdara
vi l l age and t h e n r uns over t h e ope n daman t h a t s t r e t c h e s al ong t h e
f oot of t h e Paghman hi l l s , pa s s i ng j u s t c l e a r of t h e l i ne of vil-
l ages and cul t i vat i on, whi ch lie c l o s e on t h e l e f t a l l t h e way t o
Char i kar .
The r e is a woode n b r i d g e wh e r e t h e r i v e r is c r o s s e d a t t h e
Tutamdara. The s pa n is 35 f e e t , b u t o t h e r wi s e t h e b r i d g e is si mi l ar
t o t h a t of Bagh-i-Aoghan, and can t a k e f i e l d guns and l aden camel s.
The volume of wat er is h e r e much r e duc e d by t h e f o u r l a r g e canal s
which t a k e o f f from t h e r i ve r on t h e r i g h t bank near t h e mouth of
t h e valley.
The Kotal-i-Matak e n i l a de s , l ooki ng we s t wa r ds , t h e l a s t bend but
one of t h e Ghor band, and a smal l f o r c e p o s t e d on it coul d bar t h e
road down t h e valley.
The t o p of t h e rise on t o t h e daman a t Tutamdara on t h e r i g h t bank
of t h e r i ver agai n is an e x c e l l e n t pos i t i on t o c l o s e t h e e x i t from
t h e valley. I t ha s an e a s y s l o p e t o t h e f r o n t down t o t h e r i ve r ,
which f l ows a t its f o o t 75 f e e t below it, and t h e t h r e e l a r g e canal s
run along t h e s l o p e par al l el t o t h e r i ver . On its l e f t is t h e l a r g e
vi l l age of Tutamdara, c ons i s t i ng of a compact gr oup of a bout 100
houses, and all al ong t h e crest of t h e r i s e e x t e n d s a chai n of
ruined w a l l s , bui l di ngs , and trees. The f o u r t h canal r uns al ong
i ns i de t h e c r e s t of t h e r i s e . The banks of t h e r i ve r i n f r o n t a r e
covered wi t h l a r g e mul ber r y trees s ui t a bl e f o r abat t i s . The pos i t i on
would be s ui t abl e f o r a di vi si on. I t is, however , t ur ne d i n t h e
di r ect i on of Char i kar by t h e Chi r t ak p a s s and by t h e o t h e r p a s s e s
l eadi ng from t h e val l ey over t h e Paghman hi l l s down t o t h e Koh
Daman.
These pa s s e s , a s w e l l a s coul d be a s c e r t a i ne d by Peacocke, a r e a s
f ol l ows, i n o r d e r from Tutamdara west wards: --
(1) Kotal-i-Chirta1. --A me r e f o o t p a t h ; d i f f i c u l t e v e n f o r
bul l ocks, or yabus; l e a d s from near Pul-i-Bag h-i-Aog han t o Opiam.
(2) Kotal-i-Istamah.--Mere f oot pa t h; i mpr act i cabl e f o r l a de n
Pack animals; l e a d s from near Burj-i-Gulzan.
( 3 ) Kot al - i - Si nj i t . - - Fai r l y good r oa d; i s u s e d by l a d e n
camels; l e a d s from Khakshal t o K a h Mir Akbar.
( 4) Kot al - i - I s t ar g hi j . - - Di f f i cul t f o o t t r ack.
( 5) Kotal-i-Istali.--Difficult, b u t is us ed by l a de n camel s;
l eads from Si ahgi r d up Dara Fi nduki s t an, p a s t Makhan Khar a t t h e
head of t h a t dar a, t o I s t a l i f ; is onl y r eal l y f i t f o r l a de n yabus
and bul l ocks.
(6) Kotal-i-Garza.-Is t h e road mainly us ed; is good and much
f r equent ed by camel kaf i l as ; r uns from t h e Kala Sarim i n t h e Dara
Fi nduki st an t o Si kandar Kala a t Farza.
(7) K0ta.l-i-Kah Dara.-A f a i r l y good r oad; is us ed by l a de n
camels; l e a d s from Si ahgi r d by Dara Koi shki and Dara Saidan.
(8) Sahkar Dara.--A good r oad.
(7) and (8) can be r e a c he d from Kala Doab and Chahar deh i n
Ghorband t hr ough Parsa by one and t h e same road, which f or ks beyond
Par sa a t Wan Hazara t o t h e two pa s s e s .
Some 5 m i l e s t o t h e e a s t o f t h e mout h of t h e Ghorband valley is t he
mout h of t h e Dara Sal ang,
down whi ch l e a d s t h e road over t h e Hindu
Kush by t h e Bajgah Kotal.
The Ghorband r i ve r u n i t e s wi t h t h e Panj s hi r some 8 m i l e s sout heast
o f Tutamdara near t h e r ui ns of t h e a nc i e nt c i t y of Bagram.
The c ons t r uc t i on of a r ai l way from t h e crest of t h e Shibar Kotal
down t h e Ghorband valley would pr es ent no di f f i cul t y whatever as far
a s Burj-i-Guljan. From Bud-i-Guljan t o t h e mout h of t h e valley at
Tutamdara t h e cost of c ons t r uc t i on p e r m i l e would be heavy, as t he
l i n e would al most t h r o u g h o u t have t o be c u t o u t of t h e hillside.
Ot he r wi s e however , t h e r e are no phys i c a l d i f f i c u l t i e s . The gradient
of t he va l l e y is ge nt l e , and little o r no e x t r a wi deni ng would be
r e qui s i t e . The r oc k, t oo, f o r t h e mos t p a r t is of crumbly, shaly
nat ur e, e a s i l y wor ked. ( Peacocke, Drummond, I.B.C.)
GHORBAND Or BAHARAK
A s m a l l Sayyi d d i s t r i c t i n Yak Walang, see "Bamian ( di st r i ct ) . "
GHORBAND &3
34- 69-. A p a s s on t h e r o u t e from Bel ut t o Khurd Kabul bet ween t he
Ghi l zai vi l l age of Rogun and t h e Dehgan vi l l age of Chakari. (I.B.C.)
GHORBANDAK
d&&
34-55 68-16 m. A vi l l a ge and a Dahana, r unni ng i nt o t h e Ghorband
r i v e r .
*GHOSHTARA *$P
34-8 70-28 m. A vi l l a ge near Haska Mina, s out h of Jalalabad.
GHOST KHOR, DARA-I- +G-+, J
On t h e Helmand r i ver . ( See Military Re por t on ~ a z a r a j a t , Part 11.)
*GHOZAI
JiS
32-20 67-17 m. A vi l l a ge 2 miles e a s t of t h e Tarnak r i ver , south-
s o u t h we s t of Shahj ui . Anot her pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is i n t h e area
o f Zar ghun Shahr , a t 32-52 68-4 m.
GHUCHAK
d+
34- 69-. A vi l l age adj oi ni ng and f or mi ng pa r t o f ~eh- i - Af ghan in
t h e Kabul d i s t r i c t . I nhabi t ant s : Taj i ks; one hundr e d families. The
Pe opl e a r e cal l ed Tasma by t h e i r ne i ghbour s , a s t h e land on which
t h e vi l l age s t a n d s was gr a nt e d by Timur Shah t o t h e e x t e n t t hat a
cow h i d e c u t i nt o s t r i p s (t asma) would enci r cl e. (1.B.C.)
GHUCHAK
Je
34-26 70-25.
A vi l l age about 3 miles west of Jalalabad.
1nhabi-
t ant s : Taj i ks. About 120 hous es . Thi s is e vi de nt l y t h e Gaochak
t h e map. (I.B.C.)
GHU JARBASH &k
A vi l l aqe i n t h e n o r t h we s t c or ne r of t h e Dai Kundi country.
(See
Military Re por t on Hazarajat, Pa r t 11.)
*GHUJUR s?l,
33-25 67-22 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d s o u t h e a s t of Ajrestan.
d,F
pl aces wi t h t h i s name a r e l o c a t e d n o r h t we s t o f Ghazni , a t 33-43
68-
4 m.; on t h e Ghor band r i ve r , s o u t h we s t o f Shi bar , a t 34-52
68-10 m.
*GHULAM Also see GHOLAM
GHULAM ALI
A s u b d i v i s i o n o f t h e Bacha- i - Chul am c l a n o f Dai Za ngi . ( S e e
Military Re por t on Hazaraj at , Pa r t 11.)
*GHULAM BANDEH See GHOLAM BANDEH
GHULAM HAIDAR r w t b
34-30 69-2. A vi l l a ge on t h e n o r t h s i d e t h e Ghazni r oa d, near l y
o p p o s i t e Kala-i-Kazi, a b o u t 8 miles w e s t o f t h e c i t y o f Kabul .
( I .B.C.)
GHULAM MUHAMMAD MUKHTAR LA^%
Another name f o r Al i abad, i n t h e Chardeh v a l l e y f o Kabul.
GHULGHULAH
LLrli
34- 67-. A r ui ne d c i t y i n t h e val l ey o f Bamian, r e g a r d i n g whi c h
Maitland makes t h e f ol l owi ng r emar ks :
"The r oad ( f r om K a l a Sar kar i ) g o e s f o r a f e w h u n d r e d y a r d s u p t h e
Tagao-i-Shahar, and t h e n , t ur ni ng l e f t , g a i n s t h e pl a t e a u a t t h e
f o o t of t h e hi l l , on t h e n o r t h e a s t e r n s i de . The r e a r e mounds and
hol l ows a t t h e b a s e o f t h e hi l l , s howi ng it was s t r o n g l y e n t r e n c h e d
on t h e s i d e o f t h e pl at eau. The h i l l is v e r y s t e e p , t o o much s o f o r
hor s es . Its s h a p e is t h a t o f a s h a r p poi nt e d cone, t h e a p e x be i ng
(by aner oi d) a b o u t 500 f e e t a bove t h e val l ey a t its f o o t , and per -
haps 400 above t h e pl at eau, on t h e e d g e of whi c h it s t a n d s . Th e
hi l l is s ur r ounde d wi t h t h e r emai ns o f s e v e r a l l i n e s o f w a l l s and
t ower s , a l l of unbur nt br i c k. Pr e vi ous t r a v e l l e r s a p p e a r t o have s o
de s c r i be d t h e pl a c e a s t o l e a ve t h e i mpr e s s i on t h a t t h e r u i n s a r e
of bur nt br i c k; b u t t h i s is n o t t h e cas e. The extreme summi t ap-
pear s t o have been oc c upi e d by t h e pal ace, o r pr i nc i pa l r e s i d e n t i a l
bui l di ngs. A mas s o f i n f e r i o r h o u s e s o c c u p i e s a por t i on o f t h e
s o u t h we s t s l o p e o f t h e hi l l , wi t hi n, I t h i n k , t h e s e c ond l i n e o f
de f e nc e s , c ount i ng f r om t h e bot t om. Th e g e n e r a l s t y l e o f t h e bui l d-
i n g s and w a l l s r e s e mbl e s t h o s e of Ch e h i l Bur j ( on t h e Band-i-Amir i n
Yakh Walang); b u t t h e t o we r s a r e less massi ve, and Ghul ghul a h
s t r i k e s m e a s bei ng on t h e whol e, t h e less i n t e r e s t i n g of t h e t wo.
Possi bl y t h i s is be c a us e I e x p e c t e d mor e o f it. I f n o t a wa r e t h a t
it had been d e s t r o y e d by Cha nge z Khan, I s h o u l d have t h o u g h t it
al most a moder n pl ace.
"On t h e pl at eau t o t h e s o u t h , be t we e n Tagao-i -Shahar and Tagao
Saidabad, is Kala Dukht ar ah ( not Duk ht ar an) . I t is a l a r g e hi gh-
walled f o r t , s a i d t o b e co-eval wi t h Ghul ghal ah, and to have be e n
t h e r esi dence, or possessi on of t h e daught er of t h e sover ei gn whose
s t r onghol d Ghul ghul ah was. W e s t of t h e Tagao-i-Shahar, on t h e
Por t i on o f t h e pl at eau be t we e n it and Tagao Tajik is Gaokus h, t h e
r ui ns of whi ch l ook r a t h e r i mpos i ng a t a di s t a nc e . The Dasht-i-
Sarkar is s o u t h o f Gaokush. The r emai nder o f t h e pl at eau, t o its
e dge , is all c ul t i va t e d.
"Descendi ng t h e hi l l , w e r o d e r ound Kala Dukht ar ah. The h i g h w a l l s
ar e in ver y t ol e r a bl e o r d e r , b u t have be e n s o o f t e n r e p a r i e d t h a t it
is uncer t ai n how much o f t h e a nc i e nt s t r u c t u r e may b e still remain-
ing. I not i c e d h e r e l o o p h o l e s , r es embl i ng t h o s e of Cha hi l Bud,
e x c e p t t h a t t h e u p p e r hol e was want i ng. The f o r t now c ont a i ns a
vi l l a ge .
"From t h e n c e w e s t war d, a c r o s s t h e Tagao-i-Shahar, t h e r u i n s of
Gaokush, on t h e Dasht-i-Sarkar por t i on of t h e pl at eau.
They are not
par t i cul ar l y i nt e r e s t i ng. Some of t h e a r c h e s a r e poi nt ed. "
Ap a r t f r om t h e i r a n t i q u i t y a nd a s s o c i a t i o n s , ne i t he r Zohak nor
Ghul ghul ah a r e wor t h goi ng a q u a r t e r of a m i l e t o see, and as
a r c h i t e c t u r a l r emai ns a r e a bs ol ut e l y i ns i gni f i c a nt , be s i de t h e mag-
n i f i c e n t f o r t s , pal aces and t ombs whi ch abound i n India. (Mait-
l and. )
*GHUNDAI uJ&
34-13 70-2 m. A vi l l a ge s o u t h of Godar and s o u t h we s t of Jalalabad.
Ot her pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name a r e l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Dara-
i -Pi ch i n Kunar pr ovi nce, a t 34-54 70-41 m.; s o u t h e a s t of Tsawkay
i n Kunar pr ovi nce, a t 34-35 70-58 m.;
n o r t h we s t o f Khost , a t 33-23
69-44 m.; on t h e Gar dez r i ve r , n o r t h e a s t of Mirzaka, a t 33-48 69-
32 m.; on t h e Lazha Khwar, n o r t h e a s t o f Gar dez, a t 33-45
69-38 m.;
some 1 5 m i l e s e a s t o f Gar dez, a t 33-36 69-28 m.; nor t heas t of
Chamkani, near t h e Paki s t an bor de r , a t 33-53 69-52 m.; and Ghundai
Kalai, s o u t h e a s t of Khost , on a t r i but a r y o f t h e Shamal Khwar, at
33-18 69-56 m.
*GHUN J A I &P
33-40 69-59 m. A vi l l age s o u t h e a s t of Chamkani and nor t h of t he
Tangi Tuy. Anot her pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is on t h e Gardez river,
n o r t h e a s t of Mirzaka, a t 33-48 69-31 m.
*GHUZBA ~ J P
33-47 68-16 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d some 4 miles nor t h of t h e Band-
i -Sul t an.
'GHWASHTEH )a!+
32-27 68-21 m. A d i s t r i c t pl aced by El phi ns t one s out h of Katawaz
and near Ab-i-Istada. A st r eam wi t h t h i s name is nor t he a s t of Waze
Khwa, a t 32-13 68-24 G. (LWA)
*GIDARGO $3
33-33 67-57 m. A vi l l age near t h e Qol-i-Surkhab, e a s t of t he
Dasht-i-Nawar.
GIG1 GOSHTA 4~
34-32 70-21. A pl ai n in t h e Jalalabad val l ey, on t h e nor t h of t he
Kabul r i ve r , near l y o p p o s i t e Cha r de h and a t t h e s k i r t of t h e hills*
I t a f f o r d s e x c e l l e n t pa s t ur a ge of whi ch t h e pas t or al Ghilzais take
advant age, br i ngi ng a g r e a t number of camel s and s h e e p i n t he
autumn, and r e t ur ni ng t o Kabul in t h e s pr i ng. (McGregor.1
GI LAN
3 Ys
32-44 67-38. Gilan is an al aqadar i in Ghazni pr ovi nce. The alaa-
da r i c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 1, 041 s qua r e ki l omet er s and has an agri-
c u l t u r a l p o p u l a t i o n t h a t h a s b e e n e s t i ma t e d a t from 10, 695 t o
20,600. The al aqadar i is bounded i n t h e s o u t h by Nawa, i n t h e east
by Dila, in t h e nor t h by Muqur and J aghor i , and i n t h e west by
Shahj ui . Gilan ha s about 80 vi l l a ge s , 14 of whi ch have more t han
500 i nhabi t ant s . The vi l l ages a r e l i s t e d in t h e PG a s follows:
Ozbak ( 0zang) , Qarya -i-Ahmadi, Akht o Khel, I s pi n Tak, Agho Jan,
Al akh, Awtala, Shi r ak, Bakht i yar , Behbud, Balahir Wa-Mastant Petab,
Pur del , Fat eh s hi , Qarya-i-Taj, Qar ya- i - ~ae (Tee), Jabar, ~ a h a n q i ~ f
Jalim, Chala Jawak, Chamber-i-Sayed, ~ar ya- i - Hasan Khan, ~ h a t a ~ f
Khanan, Dana K hel , Rasna, Qarya-i -~abar, Dand, Spi n (Saf i d) Ghondi#
Saf i da r , Sujamand ( Shuj a Ahrnad), Sho ko, Mirza Khan, Shah nur adr
Shi nki , Shel a, Shamal zai , Ghulam Khel , Ghulam Moh' d Khan, Qala-i-
Azad, Qala-i-Ak h t a r Moh' d, Qal a-i -Tut , Ga r r i , Qala-i-G h a z i K h e l ,
~al a- i - Moh' d A l i Khan, Karez-i-Nau, Katal, Ker buddi n, Kochal , Kawd i,
Gohar (Gaw har ) , La t i f , Baru ( Mehr o) Khan, Qala-i-Mustana, Muqarab
Khel, Mulla Janan, Muryani, Minzai, Naburhu, Wala, Qala-i-:;';h:h,
Hotak, Lawar Khel , Yahya Khel , Sal eh Khel, Zabet , C hambar-i-l;;,dirud-
di n, Lawang , Qarya-i-Reza, Sahi b Zadah-Khel, Chamberi-Shah Mohammad,
Darband-i-Maryani, Nau-Khuni, Ma1 Khel , Kasem K hel , Holi Khel , Mo-
t e h , Ali, Malik Shi nkai , Yunus Khel , Kakai, Egani , Tonak, Qala-i-
Rona, Shamak Khel , Goyan, Waya Khel , and At a l . (LWA) In 1914 t h e
ar ea was d e s c r i b e d a s f ol l ows : A d i s t r i c t i n t h e Ghi l zai c ount r y,
s i t ua t e d be t we e n t h e Ab-i-Istada l a k e and Mukur, and n e x t t o t h a t
di s t r i c t . I t is ve r y f e r t i l e , and is i nha bi t e d by Tar aki Ghi l z a i s
and a f ew Duranis. (Broad f oot . )
34-9 68-42 m. A vi l l a ge on a s t r eam, some 5 miles w e s t o f t h e
Ghazni-Kabul hi ghway.
GI RDAO ,' JJ
34-24 70-43 m. A vi l l a ge in t h e Kama di vi s i on of t h e Jal al abad
d i s t r i c t , on t h e l e f t ba nk o f t h e Kabul r i v e r , n e a r l y o p p o s i t e
Lachi pur. I nhabi t ant s : Mohmand s. ( Jen kyns. )
*GIRDAO 9' J$
34-17 71-7 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e Kabul r i ve r , a f e w miles n o r t h of
Kama Daka. Anot her pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is on a t r i b u t a r y o f t h e
Kunar r i ve r , n o r t h we s t o f Ni shagam, a t 34-14 71-17 m.
GI RDB ED * 4-
34- 67-. A l oc a l i t y i n t h e Besud count r y. ( See Mi l i t ary Re por t o f
Hazarat, Pa r t 11.) Ot he r p l a c e s wi t h t h i s name a r e l o c a t e d n o r t h o f
J a ghur i in Ghazni pr ovi nc e , a t 33-14 67-26 m., on a t r i but a r y of
t h e Dara-i-Jelga i n Maidan pr ovi nc e , a t 34-22 68-18 m.; a t 33-34
67-9 G., 34-44 66-55 G., and 34-52 66-59 G. (LWA)
*GIRDI d 4
34-49 68-43 m. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Gumbad ar ea, s o u t h e a s t o f Su r k h o
Parsa. Anot her vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d on a t r i b u t a r y o f
t h e Kabul r i ve r , s o u t h we s t o f Ghani khel , a t 34-6 70-40 m.
GI RDI d JJ
34-14 70-59 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Kabul r i ve r ,
about f i v e m i l e s w e s t o f Dakka. I t c ont a i ns some 700 f ami l i es o f
Mohmands; headman ( i n 1904) Muhammad Azim, Sa dba s hi o f kha s a da r s .
The i nha bi t a nt s p o s s e s s a bout 1, 600 head o f c a t t l e , 1, 200 s h e e p and
goat s , and 100 buf f a l oe s ; t h e annual pr oduc t i on o f whe a t and ba r l e y
aver ages a bout 90, 000 I ndi an maunds; l and r e ve nue amount s t o a bout
10, 000 kr a ns p e r annum. The r e is a s h r i n e h e r e o f a f amous s a i n t who
was s ai d, among o t h e r di vi ne p r o p e r t i e s , t o b e a bl e t o d i v e i n t o t h e
r i ver a t Gi r di kand t o come up agai n a t At t ock. The r e 1.5 a f o r c e of
200 kha s a da r s s t a t i one d a t ~ i r d i . The vi l l a ge is c ompl e t e l y comman-
ded by t wo s m a l l i s ol a t e d h i l l s t o t h e w e s t .
From Gi r di a good r oad l e a d s d i r e c t t o Pai nda Khak, i n t h e Khai bar,
Passi ng t h e Gur akki Obo s p r i n g on t h e way; it is f i t f o r all C ~ ~ S S S
of t r a n s p o r t ani mal s and coul d e a s i l y b e made i n t o a car t - r oad.
( Mal l eson, Wanliss.)
GIRD1 KACH &6 4
34-30 70-6 G. A s m a l l vi l l a ge on t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e Kabul r i ve r
t o t h e west of Khai ro Khel and t o t h e nor t h of t h e Waragali pass,
i n t h e Laghman count r y. I t c o n s i s t s of mer el y a f ew hut s. I t is
s a i d (1907) t h a t t h e A mi r i n t e n d s t o bui l d a b r i d g e over t h e Kabul
r i ve r a t t h i s poi nt . (Young.)
GIRD1 KATS Or KACH
GI P J ~
34-23 70-40 m. El evat i on 1, 520 f e e t . A vi l l age sur r ounded y a
c ons i de r bl e amount of cul t i vat i on, on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Kabul
r i ve r , 3 1/2 m i l e s bel ow Jalalabad. I t c ont a i ns some 160 families
of Mohmands and Dehgans; headman (1904) Mir Afzal, Mohmand. The
i nha bi t a nt s p o s s e s s a bout 500 head of c a t t l e , 100 goa t s and 50
buf f a l oe s . Land unde r c ul t i va t i on amount s t o 700 j ar i bs, t h e annual
pr oduc t i on of whe a t and bar l ey bei ng about 28,000 Indian maunds.
Land-tax is a s s e s s e d a t t h e r a t e of 9 kabul i r u p e e s cas h, and 1 6
kabul i s e e r s gr ai n, p e r jarib. The vi l l age lies about 3/4 mile from
t h e r i ve r bank and t h e whol e of t h e i nt e r ve ni ng gr ound is under
cul t i vat i on, t h e c r o p s bei ng ve r y r i c h. The pr i nci pal cr ops are
wheat , bar l ey, jowar, rice, c ot t on, and pe ppe r . Ther e is a sarai,
bui l t y i n 1905, a t t h e w e s t end of t h e vi l l age; it is completely
commanded by t h e hi l l s t o t h e sout h.
Th e r e is room f o r a di vi s i on t o encamp on t h e s t ony plain t o t he
s o u t h of t h e vi l l age, b u t t h e pos i t i on is commanded by t h e semi-
c i r c l e of hi l l s t o t h e s out h. Su p p l i e s a r e pr ocur abl e on 1 or 2
da ys ' not i ce. Fo d d e r f o r a bout 5,000 animals f o r one day and about
500 maunds of ungr ound gr ai n may be c ol l e c t e d from ~ i r d i Kats and
Kama. Fuel is obt ai nabl e. Water from an i r r i ga t i on channel running
t h r o u g h t h e vi l l age, or from t h e r i ver . (Malleson, ~ a n l i s s , ~ o h n -
s t on. )
GIRU d
34-22 66-31 G. A s m a l l vi l l age on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e ~ a l g i s
st r eam. ( See Military Re por t on Hazarajat, Pa r t 11.)
*GIRU d
33-6 68-18 A. Giru is an al aqadar i i n Ghazni pr ovi nce. The alaqa-
da r i c ompr i s e s an a r e a of 877 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s and has an agricul-
t ur a l popul at i on t h a t ha s been e s t i ma t e d a t from 6,000 t o 12,767.
The al aqadar i is bounded i n t h e w e s t by Qarabagh, in t h e sout hwest
by A b Band, i n t h e s o u t h e a s t by Jani Khel and Katawaz, in t he east
by Yusuf Khel, and i n t h e nor t h by Andar. Giru has about 56 vi l -
l a ge s , 6 of whi ch have more t ha n 500 i nhabi t ant s . The vi l l ages are
l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows: Ahad, I d r i s k h e l , Adina, a re ski, Akbar
Khel, Bat or, Baghgai , Badai, Bahadur Khel, par cha, Pana, Tor ~ o s a i ,
Jahangi r , Chambar Abdulla, Khar C hos h, ~h warakai, ~ a y s i , Spi n Panay,
Sha gul Khel, Shokur , Shel a, Saf ar Wal, Azmat, Al i sher Khel, Anbar
Kh el, Qala-i- Arsala, Qala-i-Ha kim, Qal a- i - Sur k h , ~a l a - i - s hor a bt
Qala-i-Abd ul l a , Qala-i-Musali-i-sa f a r wa l , pala-i-Sulaiman, ~arya-i -
Tamir, Muy Bulag h, Matak han-i-Suf la, Matak han-i-Ulya, Mazar, Musa
Khel, Milanai, Milaw, Nakam, Nani Ghund, Nazar Khel, ~ e ma t i , Qarya-
i-Shalt Manaki, Ahmad Khel, Bahar, Kolagi, z ha z hg h-i-Rustam Khelf
Qal agi , Koda, Qala-i-Irbahim, and Khata Khel. Ot her pl aces wi t h
t h i s name a r e l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Maidan r i ver ,
north
Jal i z, a t 34-31
68-39 m.; e a s t o f Behsud in Maidan provi nce, at 34-
21
67-59 m.; s o u t h e a s t of Bughr a i n Ghazni pr ovi nce, a t 33-18
67-
2 2 m.; n o r t h we s t of Bughr a i n Ghazni pr ovi nce, a t 33-21
67-20
on a st r eam near Das ht i n Bamian pr ovi nce, a t 34-29
67-23
G I RUQOL $d
34-7 67-17
A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Helmand river
i n Banian pr ovi nce. Anot her pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is on t h e ~ar mab
r i ver , s o u t h we s t of Qar aqol , a t 34-5 67-34 m.
GOBARM See CHAKMANI
GODA ' JJ
34-12 68-30 m. A vi l l age about 55 m i l e s nor t h of Ghazni and 32
miles n o r t h we s t of ~ h a i k h a b a d , on t h e d i r e c t r oad t h e n c e t o Bamian.
~t is a small vi l l age s i t ua t e d i n a c onf i ne d b u t f e r t i l e valley.
Here Outram bi vouacked
on t h e eveni ng of h i s f i r s t march i n p r u s u i t
of Dost Muhammad i n 1839. (Outram.)
*GODALI da
33-3 68-15 m. A vi l l age near Dabar i n Ghazni pr ovi nce. Anot her
pl ace wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d be t we e n Ghunday and Wazir i n Nangar-
har pr ovi nce, a t 34-11 70-6 m.
*GODAN 3
lJ5
34-9 68-44 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a st r eam, s o u t h w e s t of t o p Kalai
and t h e G hazni-Kabul road.
*GODAR J
d
34-14 70-1 m. A vi l l age i n t h e Gandomak ar ea, nor t h of Wata. An-
ot he r pl ace wi t h t h i s name is n o r t h e a s t of t h e Shut ur Gardan i n
Logar pr ovi nce, a t 33-59 69-27 m.
*GODARA dJ' A
34-18 69-41 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a st r eam w e s t of Doaw. Anot her
vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d on t h e Panj s hi r r i ver , n o r t h e a s t
of Astana, a t 35-22 69-38 m.
GODARAN V J ' ~5
35-21 69-29 m. A vi l l age in t h e Parandev Dara, 6 miles above its
junction wi t h t h e Panj shi r . I t c ont a i ns some 15 f ami l i es of Ta-
j i ks. I.B.C. Recent maps s how t h e s pe l l i ng Gudran. (LWA)
GOD ARMAN "44
35-9 68-58 G. A pl ace i n t h e Kaoshan gl en about 12 miles above its
junction wi t h t h e Ghorband val l ey, on t h e r oad ( Nor t h- East Af ghani -
st an r out e No. 28) l eadi ng over t h e Kaoshan p a s s i nt o t h e Khinjan
valley. The gl en, whi ch j u s t below Godarman is ve r y narrow and
conf i ned, ope ns o u t he r e , and walled f i e l d s e x t e n d f o r some 2 m i l e s
up t h e gl en. Thi s would be t h e b e s t hal t i ng- pl ace be t we e n Burj-i-
Guljan and t h e f o o t of t h e Kaoshan pa s s .
GOGAMAN'D Or GUGAH MANDAH KALAI
J. &\StS
34-35 69-35 m. A vi l l age of about 70 h o u s e s on bot h banks of t h e
Kabul r i ver , a t t h e e a s t e r n end of t h e Tangi Gharu r out e. The
valley he r e is f ai r l y open, but t h e r e is a Li t t l e cul t i vat i on and
f e w s uppl i e s e x c e p t g hi a r e avai l abl e. Fuel however is pr ocur abl e.
There is room f o r 3 bat t al i ons t o camp on t h e r i g h t bank, wi t h wat er
from s p r i n g s and from t h e r i ver . (I.B.C., Johnst on. )
GOGHAI, AB-I See URAZGANI
GOCRA See GAGRA '$
*GOLA 4
34-1 67-28 m. A vi l l age near t h e Garmab r i ver , e a s t of ~ a f i d a b i n
s out her n Bamian pr ovi nce.
*GOLAB KHUNE
32-49 68-50 m. A vi l l a ge l o c a t e d some 7 m i l e s s o u t h e a s t of Omna in
e a s t e r n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
GOLAI P
34-12 70-46 m. A va l l e y i n t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t , 2 miles west of
Pe s h Bolak. I t c o n t a i n s numer ous f o r t s , 25 of whi ch were dest r oyed
by Br i ga di e r Mont eat h i n 1842. Th i s o f f i c e r d e s c r i b e s t h e country
a s ve r y f a vour a bl e f o r t r o o p s , be i ng v e r y o p e n and hi gh, having
a bunda nc e of t h e b e s t wat er , p l e n t y o f good g r a s s and f or age 01
camel s and h o r s e s , and much bhus a . In t h e val l ey a r e a l s o 10 or 1 2
m i l l s , and whe a t is pr oc ur a bl e i n s ome qua nt i t y. (Monteath. )
GOMAI N d
34-40 70-13. A t o wn s h i p i n Lag hman, a bout 2 miles above t h e con-
f l u e n c e o f t h e Al i shang and Al i ngar r i vr s . I t c o n s i s t s of t he
f 0110 wi ng haml et s:
1. Kala-i-Amir Khan
8. Zi ar at - i - Sul t an Ghazi
2. Kabel a-i -Azi z Khan
9. Banda-i-Abdulla
3. Kabel a-i -Sul t a n Mahmud 10. Banda-i-Zafar
4. Kabela- i - Pi r Muhamnad Khan
11. Banda- i-Haj i
5. Kabela-i-Purd il
12. Banda- i-Tar
6. Kabel a- i - Suf i
13. Kala-i-Sarwar Khan
7. Kabela-i-Mulla
14. Banda
The i n h a b i t a n t s a r e a l l Ta j i ks . (Warburt on. )
GOMAL See GUMAL
*GOMALI dls
33-24 68-30 m. A vi l l a ge n o r t h e a s t o f Mirai and s o u t h e a s t of Ghaz-
n i .
GONDI dd
34-16 70-10. A vi l l a ge on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Kabul r i ver l about
1 6 m i l e s above Jal al abad.
Th e r e a r e t wo f o r d s a c r o s s t h e r i ver here
t h r o u g h whi c h r u n s a r oad t o Mandrawar. The wat er a t t h e s e f or ds,
a t any r a t e i n t h e c ol d we a t he r is n o t d e e p , and t h e y a r e wide and
s a f e . (I.B.C.)
*GOSHAK &$
34-10 67-48 m.
A vi l l a ge l o c a t e d on a s t r eam e a s t o f ~ a r a q o l .
GOSHA KALA d 4
A Pl ace i n t h e Jag ha t u Hazara c ount r y. ( See Mi l i t ary Repor t on the
Ha z a r a j a t , P a r t 11.)
GJ
GOSHTA
34-22 70-47 m.
Gos ht a is a vi l l a ge and a wol eswal i in ~a nga r ha r
Pr ovi nce*
The wol es wal i c o mp r i s e s an a r e a o f 545 s qua r e kilometers
and ha s an a g r i ~ ~ l t ~ r a l popul a t i on t h a t h a s be e n es t i mat ed a t about
8, 930. The wol es wal i is bounde d i n t h e n o r t h by Nur G u l and Kha9
Konar, i n t h e e a s t by Pa ki s t a n and Lal pur , i n t h e s out h by f40hmand
Dara and Bat i Kot, and i n t h e west by Kama. ~ o s h t a ha8 about l2
4 o f whi c h ha ve ove r 500 i nha bi t a nt s . The vi l l age9 are
l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ~ l l o w s : Khwaj azai , Kundah Ghor , Gosht a, Ragha.
Ar khi , Sar Band, Sor da k, Bila-i-Ulyam Bila-i-Sufla, Orsak, wartak1
Khar Bandi, and Banda. (LWA) I n 1915 t h e a r e a was descr i bed as
A vi l l a ge i n t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t on t h e l e f t bank
t h e Kabul r i ve r , near l y o p p o s i t e Cha r de h. I nha bi t a nt s : Mohmands.
~t is a l a r g e vi l l a ge wi t h some o p e n c ul t i va t e d c o u n t r y r ound it.
Bet ween it and Kama t h e r e are a f e w haml et s wi t h little s t r i p s of
c ul t i va t i on r ound t hem; b u t t h e g r e a t e r p a r t o f t h e ne i ghbour i ng
c ount r y is ba r r e n and hi l l y, t h o u g h pr a c t i c a bl e f o r l a d e n ani mal s.
From Gos ht a, 5 miles t o Chi knaur , t h e s i d e s o f t h e Bedaul at hi l l
f a l l a br upt l y t o t h e ve r y br i nk of t h e r i ve r , q u i t e i mpr a c t i c a bl e
f o r l a de n animals. Mules a r e t a k e n f r om one vi l l a ge t o t h e o t h e r by
t h e Kulalas, a r o u g h r o u t e c r o s s i n g a r u g g e d p a s s a t t h e back o f
Bedaul at .
Teh Khan of Gos ht a is, or was Mughal Khan, t h e c h i e f o f Baizai
Mohrnands.
Khadi Khan is t h e a n c e s t o r of t h i s hous e. I t s minor b r a n c h e s ha ve
been por t i one d o f f i n Kama and a t Gi r dao, and e nj oy t h e v i l l a g e s o f
Mayar, Gahi k, Mama Khel, Sa f e dbi ni , Gi r dao, Kala Yamin Khan, and
Bazid Khel a s j agi r .
The pr i nc i pa l l i n e is now r e p r e s e n t e d by t h e Khans o f Gos ht a and o f
Char deh. Khalik Khan, f i f t h i n d e s c e n t f r om Khadi Khan, was t h e
l a s t t o hol d t h e whol e e s t a t e of t h e Khans i n h i s ha nds . H e l i ve d
dur i ng t h e f i r s t Af ghan war, and was a bl e t o d o s e r v i c e t o Si r R.
Sal e a t Jal abad. A t h i s d e a t h h i s p o s e s s i o n s were d i v i d e d : Sayyi d
Ami r , Azim Khan, and Bahram h i s s o n s by h i s f i r s t wi f e t a k i n g t h e
vi l l a ge s on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e r i ve r , and Taj Muhammad Khan wi t h
hi s b r o t h e r s , t h e s o n s of t h e s e c ond wi f e , s e t t l i n g a t Gos ht a on t h e
l e f t bank. The s o n s by t h e t h i r d wi f e a r e o f no a c c ount .
Taj Muhammad Khan d i e d a bout 1880, and was s u c c e e d e d by h i s s on,
Mughal Khan, a man o f some e n e r g y and f o r c e of wi l l . H e was s t e a di -
l y h o s t i l e t o t h e Br i t i s h i n t h e war, and popul ar wi t h h i s t r i be .
H e hel d Gos ht a, Gi r dao, and Deh Tahi r i n j agi r , r e c e i vi ng i n c a s h
R s . 1, 900, and i n ki nd a bout R s . 18, 000 wor t h o f pr oduc e , -- Tot al
R s . 20,000. H e a l s o a r r a nge d f o r t h e t r a n s i t of Mohmand Kuchi
car avans f r om Gos ht a vi a Bohai and Gandao t o Pes hawar l e vyi ng t o l l s
a t t h e f e r r y near Gos ht a. The t r a n s i t d u e s on t h i s r o u t e were re-
por t e d t o b e R s . 3 p e r camel, d i v i d e d e qua l l y among Baizai, Khwai-
zai , and Halimzai. One-half o f t h e Baizai s h a r e was t a k e n by Mughal
Khan. ( J enkyns , Sc ot t , Merk .)
Accor di ng t o a not he r , and mor e r el i abl e, a c ount , Mughal Khan was
removed from t h e c h i e f s h i p i n November 1882 and r e p l a c e d by Akbar
Khan of Gi rdao. The f ol l owi ng p r o f e s s e s t o be a ge ne a l ogi c a l t a bl e
Of t h i s family:
KHALIK KHAN
I
I
I
I I
Taj Muhammad Khan Azim Khan Sayyid !mir Khan Akram Khan
Akram Khan
( of Gi r dao)
GOS PAND
34- 69-.
A p a s s be t we e n Kabul and khur d Kabul ove r t h e same s p u r
as t h e Khurd Kabul pas s . 1t was us e d by Gener al Pol l ock t o t u r n t h e
Khurd Kabul, by whi ch means t h e p a s s a g e of t h e l a t t e r was s e c u r e d
wi t hout mol est at i on. (Stacy.) Re c e nt maps s how a pl a c e wi t h t h e
name Gos f anddar a i n t h i s area, a t 34-27 69-24 m. (LWA)
*GOTKAI &$
33-31 70-3 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed s o u t h e a s t of Bak in eas t er n Paktia
provi nce.
GOURDESH Or GAWHARDESH WAS) &JB, ~
35-24 71-35 m. El evat i on 4,130 f e e t . A Kafi ri st an vi l l age, called
a l s o I s t o r g a t s by t h e Chi t r al i s , and I s h t r a t by t h e Kafirs, situated
a t t h e l ower pa r t of t h e Gour des h val l ey, about 3 m i l e s from the
Bas hgul r i ver . I t s i nhabi t ant s a r e of mi xed de s c e nt , and do not
bel ong t o t h e Kam tribe. The vi l l age is bui l t on t h e rocky knife-
e d g e of a narrow s p u r whi ch p r o j e c t s i n t o t h e val l ey nearl y a t ri ght
a ngl e s t o it, and f o r c e s t h e r i ver t o t a k e a pear-shaped course
round its base. Owing t o t h e l i mi t ed s p a c e avai l abl e f o r building,
t h e r e are not more t han 25 hous es , a l l of whi ch a r e gr eat l y over-
cr owded. On t h e s o u t h s i d e of t h e s p u r is a pr eci pi ce t wo or t hree
hundr ed f e e t hi gh; on t h e nor t h s i d e it is d i f f i c u l t of approach.
The way t o g e t t o t h e vi l l age is al ong t h e neck of t h e s pur which
is narrow and well-defended.
Ther e a r e pl ent y of cul t i vat ed f i e l d s al ong t h e r i ver bank. Roads
l ead from Gour des h t o t h e Pat kun p a s s and t o Bazgul. (Robertson.)
GUDA ' 4
A s e c t i on of t h e Sahak Ghi l zai s s e t t l e d in Kharwar and Paghman, and
a l s o i n Logar a t Ab-i-Josh in t h e Bibi Shi l g har pass. (McLean.1
*GUDAH * JS
32-46 68-24 m. A vi l l age in t h e Ghani khel ar ea, s out hwes t of Zar-
ghun Shahr.
GLTDAH See KHURDAK TAKHTA
* ' 9
GUDAL
J 4
33- 68-. A pl ace in Kharwar, s ai d t o be 9 m i l e s nor t h of ~s pi da r ,
on t h e road from Kharwar t o Ghazni . (Gaselee. ) A vi l l age with t hi s
name is l ocat ed on a l a k e near Shahr-i-Bala-i-Khawat i n northern
Ghazni pr ovi nce, a t 34-5 67-59 m. (LWA)
*GUDAL PITA0 ,kt ~4
33-20 67-58 m.
A vi l l age in t h e As ghi r ar ea, s out h of t h e 00lyaCIol
st ream.
GUJARBASH See GHUJARBASH
;b $
GULAHI 21s
34-12 70-46 m.
A vi l l age in t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t , about 4 miles
W e s t 0 f Pes h Bobk. I nhabi t ant s: ohma and 9. (Jenk yns.) Recent
manps s how t h e s pel l i ng Gula'i. ( LWA)
GULAK See SAGPAR
df
t h e Amber Ghar.
GULBAHAR ,b.6
35-8 69-18 m.
b l a r g e vi l l age in t h e Char i kar d i s t r i c t , si t uat ed On
t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Panj shi r st ream.
~t contain. 300 houses of
Taj i kst and t h e r e is a wooden b r i d g e over t h e st ream, practicable
f o r hor semen and yabus, etc., b u t n o t f o r camel s. ( Sha hz a da Tai-
mus . )
GULBAURI
d
A p a s s l e a di ng w e s t f or m Ghazni i n t o t h e Hazara val l ey o f Jar mat u
over t h e Gul koh r a nge . ( See Mi l i t ary Re por t o f Hazar aj at , Pa r t 11.)
*GULDAD
J! d
32-46 68-25 m. A vi l l a ge i n t h e J a n i k h e l ar ea, s o u t h we s t o f Zar-
ghun Shahr.
*GULDAG
34-16 70-58 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e Kabul r i ve r e a s t o f Basawul and on
t h e o p p o s i t e bank o f t h e r i ve r .
GUL DARA See KAH DARA d J d J
*GULDIN KALA
&&&a5
33-41 69-23 m. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Tut a khe l ar ea, n o r t h e a s t o f Gar dez.
*GULHAMID
4-J
34-16 69-17 m. A vi l l a ge on a pa t h l e a di ng w e s t t o t h e Logar val l ey
in t h e Gumaran ar ea.
*GUL I BANDA #+cb
35-1 71-28 m. A vi l l a ge on a t r i but a r y of t h e Kunar r i ve r , be t we e n
Asmar and t h e Pa ki s t a n bor de r .
*GULI KHEL (#I& 2
34-18 69-46 m. A vi l l a ge on a s t r eam n o r t h we s t o f Cha ha r t ut .
GUL-I-ROBAT L b ~
34-41 66-59. A p a s s ove r t h e Koh-i-Baba, west o f t h e Zard Sang. I t
is r e a c he d from Si ah Bumak a t t h e head o f Sar-i-Kol i n t h e Yak
Walang d i s t r i c t . On t h e s o u t h s i d e o f t h e kot a l is Sar-i-Bulak
Targhai , not t h e same a s t h e Sar-i-Bulak s o u t h o f t h e Zard Sang
pass. I t is s a i d t o be a b e t t e r p a s s t h a n t h e Zard Sang, and a bout
t h e same a s t h e Bak kak. (Maitland.)
GUL JATN I a c b
34- 68-. Said t o b e a vi l l a ge near t h e s o u t h s i d e of t h e Haj i gak
pass. It is i nha bi t e d by Hazaras.
GULKARIA WJ
34-40 70-11. A vi l l a ge i n Laghman, on t h e l e f t bank o f t h e Al i shang
r i ver , about 2 m i l e s n o r t h we s t of Ti gr i . The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Musa
Khels. (Warburton. )
GUT4 KOH 4J
33-16 67-49 m. A r a n g e of h i l l s whi ch s t a r t s from t h e Paghman r a nge
about Lat. 34, Long 68, and r uns sout h forming t h e wat er shed bet ween
t h e At ghandab and Tarnak r i v e r s , and boundi ng Ghazni on t h e w e s t .
(See Military Re por t on Hazaraj at , Pa r t 11.) The r e is a l s o a vi l -
l a ge in t h i s a r e a wi t h t h e name Erma-i-Gul Koh.
(LWA)
CULKOH I PJJ
A s e c t i on of t h e Chahar Dast a Hazaras. ( See Mi l i t ary Re por t On
Hazar aj at , P a r t 11.)
*GULMIRZA KHEL &I> ,%
35-8 69-16 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e Pa nj s hi r r i ve r , n o r t h e a s t of Chari-
ka r .
GUL MUHAMMAD h J
A vi l l a ge mar ki ng t h e e a s t e r n e x t r e mi t y f o t h e Sur kha b Tangi i n t he
Logar val l ey. S e e "Sang Dara."
GULRAZ j'J
33- 69-. A vi l l a ge on t h e l e f t bank o f t h e Karaia st r eam, about 3
miles e a s t of Ahmad Khel and o p p o s i t e t h e j unc t i on wi t h t h e Karaia
of t h e Laj ha nala. Th e r e is a c u s t o ms p o s t h e r e wi t h 10 khasadars.
( B C ) Anot he r p l a c e wi t h t h i s name is l o c a t e d a t 35-28 66-52 G.
( LWA1
GULZAR ) I $
32-43 67-13 G. A p l a c e i n t h e Hazar aj at . ( See Military Repor t on
Hazaraj at , Pa r t 11.) Anot he r pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is l ocat ed south
o f Kabul a t 34-23 69-10 m. (LWA)
*GUMAL A$
32-30 68-51. Gu ma l is a wol es wal i i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce. The woleswa-
li c o mp r i s e s an a r e a o f 4, 072 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s and ha s an agricul-
t u r a l popul a t i on t h a t h a s be e n e s t i ma t e d a t from 10, 359 t o 16,781.
The wol es wal i is bounde d i n t h e w e s t by Omna, J a ni khe l , and Waza-
khwa, i n t h e n o r t h by Sar hawza, Sar obi , and Barmal, i n t h e eas t by
t h e S t a t e o f Paki s t an, and i n t h e s o u t h by Wol Mamay. Gumal has
s ome 60 vi l l a ge s , 6 o f whi c h ha ve mor e t h a n 500 i nhabi t ant s . The
vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows : Bahadur Khel, Hawas Khel
( Koshi Khel ) , Sha h Gul Berimi, Khumar uddi n Kalai (Mulla Khumarud-
d i n ) , Mi r za Kala ( Qar ya- i - Mi r za P a y e n d a h Khan) , A l i Zai (Mulla
Rahi m- i - ~l i Zai), Dawud Khel , Mohamad Jan Khel, Mulla Sultan Kala
(Mulls Sul t an Sayed Khel ) , Si nzel a, Moshagai , Bazo, Eid Mohammad,
Pi r Mohammad, Dabar, J a nga i Khan, Nawab Kalai ( Al i Nawab), Kherman
Zai (Kherman Dargai ), Esagai , Zangi Khel, Musa Khel, Sha r ki Haibati,
Duchar Baran-i-China Kalai ( Tor Chi na) , Sha i kh Karimdad, Sulaiman
Khel , Ya Khel (Yahya Khel Dost Mohamad), Sh i r Gulai, Kheder Khel,
Sr ah Darga, Sh a d i Khan Kochi ( Shad Gul-i-Kochi), Bag hgai , Bang,
Zawli Khel , Sayed Khel Mulla Rasul (Sayed Khel Kochi ), Karim Khan,
Bacho Khel Kochi , Kundah Khel Kalai (Kundah Khel Kochi ), ~a ke l z a i ,
Khwaj agai , Rozi Khan, Mir Ahmad, Musa Ka l i m, Nabi Khan, Khan Shirin,
Maghr eb, Ya Khel Kalagai (Yahya ~ h e l - i - ~ a l a g a i ) , Nemat Khan, parotit
Gul Khan, Mir Azam, Sha di z a i - i - ~oc hi , Zawli Khel, Roz Sayed Khel
(Sayed Khel Suf l a ) , Bobi Sayed Khel , Khado, payendah Khel, Tor Babu
Khel , Khal i f a Gumal ( Khal i pa Gumal), Amand Khel, Tabut , Ahmad Khel-
1-Ulya, Ahmad Khel -i -Sufl a, Alzai, Kher kai , and Chamber Dara-i-star*
GUMAL As
A r i ve r whi c h rises i n t h e s l o p e s o f t h e Sulaiman r ange in two
br a nc he s . The f i r s t , whi c h, f o r t h e p u r p o s e s of t h i s ar t i cl e i s
t a k e n a s t h e main s t r eam, rises near t h e f o r t o f ~ala-i-Babakat in
t h e Khar ot i c o u n t r y f r om s e v e r a l small s p r i n g s whi ch join near t he
f or t , whe nc e it f l o ws i n a g e n e r a l s o u t h e r l y di r e c t i on t o Domandi
a bout 90 m i l e s f r om its s o u r c e , be i ng j oi ned at t h i s pl ace by t he
Kundar from t h e s o u t h we s t . From Domandi t h e j oi nt st r eam runs
32 m i l e s i n a n e a s t e r l y d i r e c t i o n t h r o u g h Br i t i s h t e r r i t o r y
Khaj ur i Kats. Here t h e Gumal and z h o b r i v e r s uni t e: below t hi s
p o i n t t h e c o u r s e o f t h e combi ned s t r e a m is t o o w e l l known t o require
d e s c r i p t i o n .
Broad f o o t is o u r b e s t a u t h o r i t y r e g a r d i n g t h e c o u r s e of t h e Gum* as
f a r a s ~ o ma n d i . Accor di ng t o h i s a c c ount , t h e s t r e a m r a pi dl y in-
c r e a s e s bel ow Kala-i-Babakar, till a t 6 miles it is 12 f e e t wi d e 6
i nc he s d e e p , and r u n s 4 f e e t p e r s e c ond. Th e ba nks h e r e , 3 f e e t
hi gh and 200 y a r d s wi de, s how t h a t r i v e r is c o n s i d e r a b l e i n March.
The c ha nne l wi nds i n t o r t u o u s c u r v e s a l l down t h e val l ey t o t h e f o o t
of t h e Waziri Maranu r a nge s , whi c h t h e n c o n f i n e t h e r i v e r i n t o a
narrow space bet ween hi ghe r r oc ks with more f r e que nt cur ves. A t 14
miles from its s o u r c e it j oi ns t h e o t h e r br anch o r t h e Dwa Gumal.
Thi s rises i n t h e h i l l s s o u t h e a s t of Sa r a f s a r , and f l o ws t h r o u g h t h e
Kharot i c ount r y, dr a i ni ng t h e Waziri and Kohnak r a nge s . I t is o f
t h e same s i z e a s t h e o t h e r br anch. The nc e f o r 6 m i l e s t o Sar mar gha,
wher e t h e r e is an o p e n s p a c e 500 y a r d s wi de; t h e n c e a t 2-1/2 m i l e s
t h e r i ve r is j oi ned by t h e s a l t r i v u l e t Ab-i-Talkh. The nc e t h e
channel is nar r ow, and wi nds t o e v e r y p o i n t of t h e c ompa s s i n b e n d s
a t e ve r y 300 y a r d s y e t ne ve r less t h a n 30 y a r d s wi de. A t 3-1/2
miles f u r t h e r is Mamatsile, a l a r g e wh i t e r oc k i n t h e c e n t r e o f t h e
pas s , whe nc e t h e val l ey becomes wi de r and s t r a i g h t e r t o St a g hai .
But from t h i s f o r 5 m i l e s it agai n wi nds v e r y much s o t h a t t h e r oad
down it c r o s s e s ve r y f r e que nt l y. I t is h e r e 20 f e e t br oad and 1
f o o t de e p. The nc e f o r 24 m i l e s , Broad f o o t makes no ment i on of t h e
r i ver , but it is pr oba bl e t h a t it r u n s dur i ng t h i s d i s t a n c e be t we e n
s t e e p c l i f f s , a s t h e r oad l e a v e s t h e r i v e r a l t o g e t h e r and t a k e s t o
t h e hi l l s i de s . Kaf i l as, howe ve r , s omet i mes p r e f e r t o f ol l ow t h e
river-bed bet ween St a g h a i and Domandi.
Looki ng up f r om Domandi, t h e r i v e r is s e e n t o b e l o c k e d i n by h i g h
hi l l s; goi ng down it, howe ve r , t h e ba nks gr a dua l l y di mi ni s h i n
he i ght , till a t 2 m i l e s bel ow t h e Kundar j unc t i on t h e val l ey o p e n s
O u t t o near l y a m i l e br oad, and is h e r e known as Mari cho Kats.
Af t er pa s s i ng t h e l a t t e r t h e val l ey na r r ows agai n, and a t 3 m i l e s is
only 150 y a r d s br oad. On t h e l e f t is t h e Zarmelan pl ai n, and on t h e
r i g h t Manzaraguna. A t 4-1/2 m i l e s t h e val l ey b e g i n s t o o p e n agai n,
and a t 5 m i l e s Gul Kat s is r e a c he d. It is a bout 4 miles l o n g , and
a t its wi d e s t p a r t 1 m i l e br oad. Below t h e f u r t h e r s i d e o f Gul Kat s
t h e road l e a v e s t h e Gumal, c r o s s e s t h e Khaj ur i Kotal, and a ga i n
s t r i k e s it a t Kot kai , o r Dobandi. From t h i s pl a c e t o Khaj ur i Kat s
is 12 miles. The r oad f ol l ows t h e r i v e r s omet i mes al ong its be d,
somet i mes al ong its ba nks , i n pl a c e s ve r y h i g h and r oc ky. A t its
j unct i on wi t h t h e Zhob t h e Guma f l o ws be t we e n p r e c i p i t o u s b a n k s 30
feet hi gh, and its be d is a bout 200 y a r d s br oad. ( Br oadf oot , Mas-
s on, I.B.c.)
*GUMBAD or GUNBAD (44
34-41 67-59 G. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a bout 22 miles s o u t h e a s t o f Ba-
mian. Nearby is Gumbad Thani , l oc a t e d a t 34-54 67-37 G.
*GUMBADAK d d
34-12 67-21 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e Helmand r i ve r , n o r t h e a s t of Khush-
901. Anot her pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is on a t r i but a r y of t h e Ghor band
r i ver , a t 34-59 68-39 m.
34-22 67-3 m. A vi l l a ge on a s t r eam n o r t h e a s t o f Panj ao i n Bamian
provi nce.
GUMBAT 4
34- 67-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Su r k h d a r s u b d i s t r i c t of ~ a mi a n , s i t u a t e d
0" t h e u p p e r c o u r s e of t h e Bamian s t r eam and c ont a i ni ng a bout 50
hous e s of Neka Hazaras. The val l ey r u n s from n o r t h we s t t o s o u t h -
east ; it is 300 t o 400 y a r d s wi de, and wel l - cul t i vat ed.
From Gumbat a r oad g o e s u p t h e val l ey, whi c h t u r n s nor t h.
It l e a d s
ove r t h e Cha p Kolak Kotal, and t h e n c e down a l ong r avi ne t o Karaona
i n Sai ghan, Taki ng a l i n e ge ne r a l l y pa r a l l e l t o t h a t of t h e main
r oad by Ak Robat. Th e r e a r e a l s o r o a d s t o Kar ghanat u and Shahidan,
The y are, howe ve r , i n d i f f e r e n t , and l a d e n camel s can onl y t raverse
t he m wi t h d i f f i c u l t y . The y a r e t o l e r a b l e b r i d l e t r a c k s . (Sahibdad
Khan.) Two p l a c e s s p e l l e d Gunbad a r e l o c a t e d a t 34-54 67-37 G. and
34-41 67-59 G. ( LWA)
GUMBAT 4
34- 68-. A g r o u p of t h r e e vi l l a ge s i n t h e Kalu Dara, i n t h e south-
e a s t o f t h e Bamian d i s t r i c t , c ont a i ni ng i n all 30 f ami l i es of Dara-
g h a n Hazaras. ( Ami r Khan.) Two o t h e r p l a c e s wi t h t h i s name are
l o c a t e d s o u t h e a s t o f Ghazni , a t 33-23 68-35 m. and 33-24 68-55 m.
(LWA)
*GUMBAZA 4 d
34-22 69-14 m. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Logar val l ey, s o u t h of Kabul.
*GUMBAZ I 6 d
34-12 67-56 m. A vi l l a ge on a stream, s o u t h o f Behsud in Maidan
pr ovi nce.
GUMRAN 3 ' ~ f
34-17 69-9 m. A vi l l a ge on b o t h b a n k s o f t h e Logar r i ver , about 2-
1/2 m i l e s bel ow Sayyi dabad, o r Zahi dabad, wh e r e t h e main road from
Kurram c r o s s e s t h e r i ve r . I nha bi t a nt s : Adramzai Ghi l zai s and Ta-
j i k s ; headman ( 1906) Sul t an Muhammad Khan. The f our f or t i f i ed
ha ml e t s of whi c h t h e vi l l a ge was t h e n c ompos e d cont ai ned in 1880,
150 f ami l i es. Th e c o u n t r y a l l r ound is r i c h l y c ul t i va t e d. Tracks,
f i t f o r camel t r a n s p o r t , l e a d down e i t h e r bank of t h e r i ver from
Gumran t o t h e e n t r a n c e t o t h e Sang- i - Nawi sht a gor ge , wher e t h e main
r oa d t o Kabul is r e- j oi ned. Th e r e is a r u d e c ount r y br i dge across
t h e r i v e r a t Gumran i t s e l f . (I.B.C.)
*GUNDALAM ,%d
34-42 70-22 m. A vi l l a ge n o r t h we s t o f t h e Kuh-i-Kashmund and south
of kl i ngar .
*GUNGI ~9
34-13 67-52 m. A vi l l a ge on a s t r e a m s o u t h of Behsud in Maidan
pr ovi nce.
*GURAND
4
32-16 67-51 m. An a r e a n o r t h we s t of Nawa and s o u t h of t h e ~b- i -
I s t a d a .
GU RBA Z
j LJ
A t r i b e who Live i n t h e h i l l s s o u t h of host. They a r e descended
f r om Khadr i , s o n of Wazir, and c o n s e q u e n t l y a r e a br anch of t h i s
cl an. A t f i r s t t h e y r e s i d e d t o t h e n o r t h o f t h e Mahsud t er r i t or y-
About 200 y e a r s a g o t h e y a t t a c k e d t h e Bat anni s, and dr ove t hem from
t h e Gabar mount ai n; b u t t h e Bat anni s, as s embl i ng t h e i r t r i be, re-
ga i ne d t h e hi l l and t h e Gur baz were gr a dua l l y dr i ve n t o t h e hills
ment i oned above. The y t h e n a p p e a r t o ha ve r e c ove r e d s t r e ngt h and*
be i ng a wa r l i ke tribe, t ook some l and f r om t h e ~ h o s t wa l s . They are
now u n d e r t h e gove r nor of host.
In mannera and cus t oms t hey are
s i m i l a r t o t h e Khos t wal s , b u t i n a p p e a r a n c e t h e y a r e l i k e t h e Ma-
z i r s . They ha ve now no f e e l i n g s of c l a n s h i p wi t h t h e l a t t e r , t hough
t h e y a c k n o wl e d g e t h e r e l a t i ons hi p. ~ h c y a r e s u p p o s e d t o number
a bout 1, 500 f i g h t i n g men, and a r e pr i nc i pa l l y empl oyed in a4ricu1-
t ur e, t r a di ng, and f ur ni s hi ng e s c o r t s t o mer chant s. (Muhammad
Hyat.
"The Gurbaz ext end from t h e (Indo-Afghan) boundary now demarcated t o
t h e wat er s hed i nt o Khost . I t is a c ount r y of l owi s h hi l l s and is
cover ed wi t h a net wor k of val l eys. The Gurbaz d o no bui l d hous e s ,
but l i ve a l l t h e year r ound i n g r a s s h u t s . The r e is f a i r gr azi ng on
t h e hi l l s. They work a s c a r r i e r s i n a ddi t i on t o c ul t i va t i ng and
grazi ng. Two- t hi r ds of t hem l i v e i n Khost , and t h o s e on t h i s ( t h e
Tochi) s i de of t h e wat ershed have much i nt er cour se with Khost. They
have paid r evenue t o t h e Gover nor o f Khos t
f o r t h e l a s t t wo year s.
The c hi e f val l eys of t h e Gurbaz on t h e w e s t a r e t h e Zanshora, t h e
Shadi aka and Mughalgai. The l a s t t wo j oi n t h e Zanshor a, and t h e
uni t ed st r eam whi ch r uns i nt o Dandi is cal l ed Sanjala, and l ower
down Kanibogh. The main val l ey of t h e e a s t e r n pa r t of t h e c ount r y
is named Char khai . I t s c h i e f t r i but a r i e s a r e t h e Musha and t h e Si r
Khobi. The s out he r n s l o p e s of Laram a r e dr ai ned by t h e Gor e s ht a ,
which f a l l s i nt o t h e Kaitu. (Anderson. )
For a f ul l e r d e s c r i p t i o n of t h e Gurbaz see "Military Re por t o n
Waziristan, 1905, " pp. 124-126.
GURBAZ See SAFI AJ
GU IU3ED 4
33-36 68-42 G. A kot a l l e a di ng over t h e hi l l s s o u t h we s t of Kharwar.
The ascent t o t h e wat ershed is easy and t h e track good. The de s c e nt
t o Robat is s u d d e n and would be i mpassabl e f o r wheel ed guns . Thi s
is t h e pr i nci pal r out e t o Shi l gha r from West er n Kharwar. ( Gr i es-
bach. )
*GURBUZ
id
33-17 69-54. Gur bus is an al aqadar i i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce. The alaqa-
dar i compr i s es an ar ea of 385 s qua r e ki l omet er s and ha s an agr i cul -
t ur al popul at i on t h a t ha s been es t i mat ed a t from 6, 561 t o 13, 665.
The al aqadar i is bounded i n t h e w e s t by Tani, i n t h e n o r t h we s t by
Mandozai, in t h e e a s t by Khost , and in t h e s out h by t h e St a t e of
Pakistan. Gurbuz ha s some 32 vi l l ages , 7 of whi ch have more t ha n
500 i nhabi t ant s. The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows:
I zh dan ( I z hnwal ) , Bag i K h e l , Mangal a, Mullayan (Mul ayan Kal ai ) ,
Shahid Kalai, Ghondi Kalai, Tawdah China, Shai kh A mi r Kalai ( Sher
Gu l Kalai), Ghulam Khan, pads ha Kalai, Mashi Kalai ( Mesher Kalai),
Sargalai (Sar Kalai), Keqai, Lagai Khel, Zin Sher ah ( Zen Shor a h) ,
Zhawaruna (Zhawar Kalai), Na t s a y Khe l ( Zal ai Khe l , Manzai Khe l ) ,
Shodi ka ( Shudyak) , Kat skai ( ~ a j a k a i ) , Gulak Khel, Khandi r ( Khander
Kalai), Mir Akbar, Shaykhan, Kodi Khel (Kozbori Khel ), Bori Khel
(Barbori Khel) , Khan Kot kai (Kot gai Khan), Patlan, Kotkai Shai k h
A m i r Las hr a , Lal i z ha , Ke pt a n Kalai, W a10 Kalai, Bal ai ( Bar ai ) ,
Natori, Mazi, Zhasi r Kalai, Dala ~ a l a i , Nyazi Khel, Kod Khel, Razhd
Twan, Narali, and Nai-Shin Kalai.
*GURDUM
34-19 67-29 m. A vi l l age near t h e Helmand r i ver , s out h of She wqol
Karez in Bamian pr ovi nce.
*GURGI JJ
33-49 68-8 m. A vi l l age on t h e Shemel t u r i ver , s o u t h we s t of Gazak.
34- 69-. An e x t e n s i v e pl ai n t o t h e e a s t of t h e ~ u r k h a o - ~ a z g i n
val l ey i n Logar . ~t c o n t a i n s o n e f o r t . (1.B.C.) A v i l l a g e wi t h
t h i s name is nor t he a s t of Zarghun Sha hr and one m i l e nor t h of Randa-
khe l , a t 34-14 69-23. (LWA)
*GURG KUSHTA d e 7 $
33-55 67-57 m. A vi l l a ge nor t h of Okak (Nawur) i n Ghazni province,
GURGU RI d$
34- 70-. A vi l l age i n t h e Hi sarak di vi s i on of t h e Jalalabad dis-
t ri ct , s i t u a t e d on t h e nor t he r n s l o p e s of t h e Saf ed Koh. Inhabit-
a nt s ; Shi n wari s. ( Jenkyns. )
GURSALAK iL,f
35-1 70-51 G. A vi l l a ge of 120 h o u s e s i n Kaf i r i st an, si t uat ed on
t h e l e f t bank of t h e Pr es ungul , a bout 29 m i l e s above Chi gha Sarai.
Su p p l i e s a r e p l e n t i f u l her e. (I.B.C.)
GUZARA
r 3
A v i l l a g e on t h e Kabul - Hazar aj at - Daul at Yar r oa d. ( Se e ~ i l i t * ~
Re por t on ~ a z a r a j a t , Pa r t XI.)
GUZ ARGAH o6,A
34-30 69-7 G. A vi l l age i n t h e Cha r de h val l ey, on bot h banks of t he
Kabul r i ve r , 1-1/2 m i l e s s o u t h of Deh-i-Mozang. The t wo portions
ar e connect ed by a good brick br i dge wide enough f or field-guns. On
t h e r i g h t bank t h e vi l l a ge r s a r e Taj i ks; on t h e l e f t , Kizilbashis
and Sayyi ds. The f or mer have some 300 t o 400 hous es , t h e l at t er
a bout 200. (I.B.C.)
GUZAR-I-MAMA-KHATUN &LLL,S
34- 69-. A vi l l age i n t h e Koh Daman of Kabul, bet ween Baba Kush Kar
and Kala-i-Murad Beg. I t h a s 1 5 f o r t s and some 400 hous es in all.
I n h a b i t a n t s : Ta j i k s , Ri ka s , Gh i l z a i s , and a f e w Si kh t r a de r s .
(I.B.C.)
*GWASHTEH See GHWASHTEH GI$
*HABIB KALAI p ++!*
32-27 67-37 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d w e s t of t h e Ab-i-Istada, and east
of t h e Qalat-Ghazni r oad.
HADA Or ADDA
d *
34-22 70-29 m.
A vi l l age in t h e Chapr i ar s ubdi vi s i on of t h e Jalal-
abad d i s t r i c t , a bout 6 m i l e s d u e s o u t h of Jalalabad. I t is a place
of c ons i de r a bl e t r a d e and c ont a i ns some 400 f ami l i es of MohmandS.
I t is known a s havi ng f or mer l y been t h e r e s i d e n c e of t h e l a t e Nalam-
ud-Din, gener al l y known a s t h e "Hada Mulls," who was a gr eat power
among t h e Mohmands and al ways ver y h o s t i l e t o t h e ~ r i t i s h . Mir
Sahi b Jan Badshah, and o t h e r p u p i l s of t h e "Hada ~ u l l a , " now reside
he r e . I C Recent maps s how t h e s pe l l i ng Ada. ( LWA)
HADIA KHEL
Jee"
34- 70-0
A vi l l a ge i n t h e Chapr i ar s ubdi vi s i on of t h e ~alalabad
d i s t r i c t , about 12 miles west of Mazina. I nhabi t ant s: shinwaris-
(Jenkyns. 1 Recent maps s how t h e s pe l l i ng Adadkhcl , a t 34-16 70-l)
m. (LWA)
&L
HAFI ZA
34- 14 67-12 m.
A vi l l age on t h e Qol-i-T.uitaaan, a t r i but ar y of t he
Helmand.
HAFI Z KALA
- -
34-17 70-22. A vi l l age of 9 h o u s e s in t h e Chapr i ar s ubdi vi s i on o f
t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t . I t lies near t h e l e f t bank of t h e Chapr i ar
stream, about 1 m i l e w e s t of Kandi bagh on a road from Basawal t o
Safed Sang. A smal l st r eam from t h e Sa f e d Koh r u n s by t h e vi l l age.
I nha bi t a nt s : G hi l zai s . (I.B.C.)
HAFI ZULLA KALA
dPLUJ&
34- 69-. A s m a l l haml et on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Logar. The i nhab-
i t a nt s a r e Ast anazai s. The r e were onl y f o u r f ami l i es l i vi ng i n t h i s
hamlet i n 1880. ( Cl i f f or d, Euan Smith.)
LT&
HAFT ASIA
33-50 68-37 m. A hal t i ng pl ace 21 m i l e s from Ghazni , 64 miles from
Kabul, near some low hi l l s and i n t h e mi ds t of t e n t o t we l ve wal l ed
vi l l ages s ur r ounde d by cul t i vat i on. Suppl i e s and wat er, s u f f i c i e n t
f or t h r e e br i ga de s , a r e avai l abl e. Water is pr oc ur e d from kar ez.
Camel f or a ge and s h o r t gr a s s , s t r aw and l uc e r ne a r e pr ocur abl e.
The
i nhabi t ant s a r e Warda k s. (Campbell, I.B.C.)
d k &
HAFT CHAH
34- 71-. A small s t o n e f o r t , 8 m i l e s from ~ a n d i Kotal and 5 m i l e s
from Dakka. I t is ga r r i s one d by 50 kha s a da t s , armed wi t h Lee-
Met f or ds, and is w e l l p o s t e d on t h e t o p of a coni cal hi l l , about 100
f e e t hi gh, 1 m i l e from t h e we s t e r n e x i t of t h e Khaibar pas s . The
"Seven Wells," a f t e r whi ch t h e f o r t is named, have l ong s i n c e been
st opped up, and t h e near est water-supply is now a spr i ng about 1,000
yar ds t o t h e e a s t of t h e f o r t . The r e is a l s o a good s p r i n g of wat er
on t h e nor t he r n s i d e of t h e Gara r i d g e ; over t h i s r i d g e a camel - pass
l e a ds due nor t h t o Kam Dakka; pa r t i e s us i ng t h i s r out e s houl d be
pr ovi ded wi t h a gui de , a s it may eas i l y be mi st aken, a s was done
once i n 1879. (Mallesone, I.B.C.)
*HAFT GOD1 ,d C3jp
34-19 67-20 m. A vi l l age on t h e ~a ga b- i - Sa gs ukht a , s out h of t h e
Kuh-i-Shar.
HAFY KOTAL ~ $ &
34- 69-. A p a s s on t h e r out e from Jalalabad t o Kabul, be t we e n
Tezin and Khurd Kabul. The name s i g n i f i e s "seven pa s s e s " t h o u g h
Hough reckoned ei ght , and remarks "an enemy might dreadful l y annoy a
column moving down t h i s l a s t d e s c e n t , a s t h e y would have a f l anki ng
f i r e on it;" and i n f a c t i n t h i s d e f i l e , about 3 m i l e s l ong was
consummated t h e massacr e of t h e Br i t i s h f o r c e i n t h e d i s a s t r o u s
at t empt t o r e t r e a t from Kabul a t t h e commencement of 1842. Here,
al so, i n Sept ember of t h e same year , t h e Af ghans, a f t e r t h e i r d e f e a t
at Tezin, at t empt i ng t o make a s t a nd, were i n t ur n u t t e r l y r out e d
with gr e a t s l a u g h t e r by Gener al Pol l ock' s army. (I.B.C.)
HAFT KOTAL J;$&
34-26 69-9. A s p u r of 7 p e a k s t hr own o f f t o t h e s o u t h we s t from t h e
Takht-i-Shah mountain a t Kabul. I t s e p a r a t e s t h e Char deh val l ey
from t ha t of Char asi a, and is s e pa r a t e d from t h e Korogh mountain by
t h e Kabul r i ver . ~t its nor t he r n ba s e it ha s t h e vi l l ages o f Kala-
i-Fathu, Rish k hor , and ~al a- i - Al i Muhammad; on its s out he r n s l o p e s
i t has Kala Arsala Khan; and a t t h e e d g e of its s out he r n s k i r t s
st and t h e vi l l ages of Char asi a and Che hi l Dukht aran.
The be s t road over t h e s p u r is from ~ n d a k i , l eavi ng Kala-i-Fathu t o
t h e west. his, however , is onl y f i t f o r mul e ba t t e r i e s t o c r os s .
(I.B.C.)
HAG AH h
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e d i s t r i c t of Jal al abad, a t t h e f oot of
t h e Sa f e d Koh. I t is s i t u a t e d on t h e s o u t h e r n r oad bet ween t he
Khaibar p a s s and Kabul, and 75 miles s o u t h e a s t of t h e l a t t e r place,
The adj acent count ry is watered by numerous streams descending from
t h e Sa f e d Koh, and is r emar kabl e f o r p i c t u r e s q u e beauty. (Thorn-
t on. )
*HAIBAT %9
33-8 68-43 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d 3 m i l e s s o u t h of Sharan and east of
t h e mountain of t h e same name.
*HAIBATI Sa'
32-44 69-3 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d 4 miles s o u t h we s t of Sarobi in
Pak t i a pr ovi nce.
*HAIBAT KHEL
34-50 69-42 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a bout 2 miles s out he a s t of Tagab
al aqadar i s e a t and nor t h of Sarobi . Anot her pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is
s o u t h we s t of Gar dez, a t 33-32
69-2 m.
HA I DAR J*
A s u b d i v i s i o n o f t h e Pol a da Ha z a r a s o f Uj ar i st an, (See Military
Re por t on Hazarajat, Pa r t 11.)
HAI DAR J*
A s e c t i o n of t h e J a ghur i Hazaras. ( See Military Repor t on Hazara-
j a t , P a r t 11.)
HAIDAR BEG J L J *
A s e c t i o n of t h e Dai Kundis. ( See Military Repor t on Hazarajat,
Pa r t 11.)
HAIDAR KHAN1 jLJ+
34-36 70- 13 m. A v i l l a g e i n Laghman, 4 miles t o t h e nor t h of
Mandrawar on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Al i ngar r i ver . The f 0110~i ng is
a list of t h e f o r t s and haml et s composi ng t h e t owns hi p:
1. Banda-i-Fakir 8. Kala-i-Nao
2. Kala-i-Muhamad Sayyid 9. Kala-i-Nazir Turabaz
3. Kala-i-Hameshabahar 10. Kala-i-~uhamnad Jan
4. Banda-i-Tajo 11. Karaho
5. Kala-i-Ayub 12. Kal a- i - ~hahghasi
6. Banda-i-Ali Ahmad 13. ~ a l a - i - ~ u l l a y a n
7. Kala-i-Nao 14. Kala-i-Mirza
The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Ta j i ks . (Warburton. )
*HAIDAR KHEL AJ*
34-9 70-37 m. A vi l l age on a t r i but a r y of t h e Kabul r i ver between
Haska Mina and Ghani khel .
HAIDAR KHEL JPJ*
33-57 68-42 m. El evat i on 7, 647 f e e t . A vi l l age 33 miles from
Ghazni , 54 miles from Kabul, i n t h e Takia d i s t r i c t si t uat ed in a
be a ut i f ul val l ey be t we e n l ow hi l l s , wat er ed by a f e e de r of the
L09.r~ and r i c hl y c ul t i va t e d.
The r e is a f o r t h e r e on t h e east
t h e r oad and 1 m i l e on t h e w e s t a number of vi l l ages with much
cul t i vat i on.
This vi l l age is not or i ous f o r t h e audaci t y and ski U
of its r obber s .
I t was h e r e t h a t Fat eh Khan, t h e ~ f g h a n king-maker,
was mur der ed by Shah Mahmud and h i s s on Kamran, a crime which had
t h e une xpe c t e d r e s u l t t o t h e p e r p e t r a t o r s of e ndi ng t h e Sadozai
dynasty.
A good camping ground e xi s t s t o t h e w e s t of t h e road
with room f or 2
i nf ant r y br i ga de s , and a not he r f o r a si mi l ar f o r c e can be f ound
about 1 m i l e t o t h e s o u t h , be t we e n Haidar Khel and a pl ace cal l ed
Takin, o r Takia. Suppl i e s and wat er a r e avai l abl e f o r 1 caval r y and
3 i nf a nt r y br i ga de s . (I.B.C.)
HAIDAR KHEL
&J*
33-19 69-51 A. A vi l l age on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Shamil, or Kaitu,
ri ver. about 12 m i l e s w e s t of Matun. The r e is room f o r a di vi s i on
t o c a mp h e r e on uncul t i vat ed gr ound,
wi t h a s u f f i c i e n t s u p p l y of
water. (1.B.C .)
*HAIDARKHUNE
&+J+
32-28 68-26 m. a v i l l a g e on t h e Wech Khwa r e h, s o u t h e a s t of
Khushamand.
HAIDAR (KOL-I )
J*&
A f or d over t h e Helmand i n t h e Hazarajat. ( See Military Re por t on
Hazar aj at , P a r t 11.)
*HAJELLAH
4 X r V
34-4 67-21 m. A vi l l age on a t r i but a r y of t h e Garmab r i ve r , e a s t of
Pi t aoqol .
HAJI &'--
A s ubs ect i on of t h e Polada. ( See Military Repor t on Hazarajat, Par t
11.)
*HAJI &'--
33-19 67-14 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a st r eam, one mi l e s o u t h we s t of
Lalchak.
*HAJIABAD
35-0 71-23 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d about 3 mi l es nor t h of Bargam on a
t r i but ar y of t h e Kunar r i ver .
*HAJIAN "GLL
34-24 68-49 m. A vi l l age about 4 miles s out h of ~ot a - i - As hr o and
nor t h of Ner kh i n Maidan pr ovi nce. Anot her pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is
on t h e Maidan r i ve r s o u t h e a s t of Ner kh, a t 34-20 68-58m.
*HAJI BAK GHAR j&&
35-19 71-14 m. A mountain l oc a t e d n o r t h we s t of Bargam i n Kunar
province.
HAJIBINI &flL
A s ubdi s t r i c t of t h e c ount r y of t h e J a ghur i Hazaras. (see ~ i l i t a r y
Repor t on Hazarajat, Par t 11.)
' HAJ IGAK
&&L
34-4 67-17 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e elm and
ri ver, e a s t of t h e Pi t aoqol area.
HAJIGAK or HAJI KHAK d&L
34-39 68-5 m. El evat i on 12, 000 f e e t . A p a s s over t h e oh-i-~aba
range, l eadi ng from t h e val l ey of t h e elm and i nt o t h e ~ a mi a n val-
ley. I t is c r o s s e d by t h e main Kabul Mazar-i-Sharif road (Nort h-
East Af ghani st an r o u t e No. 32) a t about 13-1/2 m i l e s n o r t h we s t o f
Gardan Diwal, wher e t h e road c r os s e s t h e Helmand. The ascent from
t h e Helmand s i de , t hough s t e e p , is pr act i cabl e f or l aden animals;
t h e de s c e nt on Bamian s i d e is ver y s t e e p , but t h e road is ot herwi se
good, l eadi ng over open cl ay s l opes , and would be practicable for
wheel ed guns with t h e ai d of dr ag- r opes. The r i dge forming t h e
act ual kot al is a f ai r l y broad and gent l y rounded saddl e, and there
is a good e x t e n t of l e ve l and smooth ground on e i t he r s i de of the
road wher e it c r o s s e s t h e c r e s t . To t h e r i g h t of t h e road (going
t owar ds Bamian) t h e s l ope s on bot h s i d e s of t h e kot al ar e moderate
and open, and can be t r aver s ed wi t h e a s e by cavalry and infantry.
The s oi l is cl ay mixed wi t h r ock.
Thes es s l ope s could be w e l l swept
by r i f l e f i r e from t h e c r e s t of t h e pass. In any at t emp t o hold
t h i s pas s , e x c e p t a s a del ayi ng, or r ear guar d, posi t i on, it would
appar ent l y be neces s ar y t o hol d al s o t h e Khaf zar Kotal t o t he south.
Ther e is no di r e c t communication bet ween t h e Hajigak and- t he Irak
pa s s e s e x c e p t back t hr ough Kharzar, a vi l l age 22 miles sout heast of
t h e former. The Hajigak pas s is sai d t o be consi derabl y lower than
t h e Irak, but even t h e Hajigak is cl os ed by snow duri ng January,
February, March and April. Formerly t h e main road used t o be over
t h e Irak pass, but t h e ~ a j i g a k now a ppe a r s t o be always used i n
pr e f e r e nc e t her et o. (I.B.C.)
*HAJI GHULAM RASUL CHINA
+ clrrrs&
32-6 68-34 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed west of Wur and sout heast of
Waza khwa .
*HAJJGUL MINA
k c b ufL
32-54 69-1 m. a vi l l a ge l o c a t e d s o u t h we s t of Urgun in Paktia
provi nce.
*HAJI JANSHAH KALAI 4 J+L &
32-14 68-13 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed nor t h w e s t of Wazakh wa and south-
e a s t of Shi nkai Ghar.
HAJI KALA &L
34- 6%. A f or t i f i e d vi l l age in t h e Koh Daman, about 13 miles
nor t h of Kabul. Inhabi t ant s: Taj i ks and Hazaras. It is t he f i r st
s t a g e on t h e most eas t er l y of t h e t h r e e r oads l eadi ng northwards
from Kabul.
I t lies in t h e val l ey of a small stream
which, running
nor t hwar ds f or about 1-1/2 miles beyond t h e vi l l age, j oi ns t he Kara
Dushman st ream, a t r i but ar y of t h e Panj shi r. Suppl i es procurable at
Kala Haji; wat er abundant . From Kala Haji a road l eads westwards
t hr ough Kara Dushman t o Kala Murad Beg, t h u s forming a lateral
~~mmu n i c a t i o n wi t h t h e ot he r t wo r oads from Kabul t owar ds Charikar.
I t was a t Kala Haji t h a t Si r Lepel Gr i f f i n, with General ~ o u g h ' ~
br i gade, encamped t o meet Abdur Rahman when t h e l at t er arrived from
Turki st an in Jul y 1880, t o be i nst al l ed a s Amir of Kabul.
(I.B*c-)
HAJI KALA
L.9&
34- 69-. A vil-lage 7 m i l e s w e s t of Kabul, on t h e Ghazni road. The
sur r oundi ng count r y is an expans e of gr oves , gar dens , and orchardst
wat ered by channel s drawn from t h e Kabul ri ver.
*HAJI KHEL
cL; &
32-59 67-58 m.
A vi l l age nor t heas t of mz ga i and e a s t of t he Hukur -
Ghazni road.
HAJ I MIR ALI >P &L
A f o r t on t h e Me t s i d e of t he ~ ~ b ~ l - ~ h ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ road,
22 muee from
t h e Bala Hisar.
~ h c face. of t he f or t ,
whi ch is aquare, are 60
yar ds l ong, t h e wal l s hi gh, wi t h ba s t i ons a t t h e a ngl e s .
The i nhab-
i t a nt s a r e Ki zi l bashi s. (Kennedy.)
*HAJ I MOQAM tLflL
33-1 67-37 m. A vi l l age nor t h of Si yah Deh i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
HAJI MUHAMMAD KHAN
"L&&L
33-39 68-24 G. A vi l l age 9 miles nor t h of Ghazni , cont ai ni ng 60
hous es of Besud Hazaras, Wardaks, and Taj i ks. (Muhammad Akbar
Khan.
*HAJI MULLA GOLAN KALAI 4dm@L
32-14 68-15 m. A vi l l age n o r t h we s t of Wazakhwa i n s o u t h e r n Ghazni
province.
HAJIPAIK &&L
34-42 69-3 m. A vi l l age i n t h e Koh Daman of Kabul, 4 miles nor t h of
Kar ez- i - Mi r , c o n t a i n i n g 8 0 h o u s e s . I n h a b i t a n t s : T a j i k s .
(Kinloch. )
HAJI SAF KALA ddLeL
34- 69-. A s qua r e f o r t i n t h e Kabul d i s t r i c t , 1 m i l e s w e s t of Deh-
i-Mozang, i nhabi t ed by Taj i ks. (Kennedy.)
HAJI SHAKUR KHAN
3 L&&L
34- 70-. A vi l l age i n t h e Sur kha b di vi s i on of t h e Jal al abad di s -
t r i ct . I nhabi t ans: Rikas. (Jenkyns. )
HAJI YUSUF KALA dL#&L
34- 69-. A f o r t i n t h e Char deh vaUey of Kabul, about 1 m i l e w e s t
of Deh-i-Mozang t o t h e nor t h of t h e Ghazni r oad. The r e a r e 30
fami l i es of Gadi Hazaras i n t h e pl ace. (I.B.C.)
*HAKDAD
34-22 67-44 m. A vi l l age i n t h e Helmand val l ey, w e s t of Behsud.
HAK I MABAD
dI,T +L
34- 70-. A vi l l age in t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t , 10 miles s o u t h e a s t
of Nimla. I nhabi t ant s: hug i ani s. ( Jen kyns. ) Recent maps s how a
pl ace wi t h t h i s name a t 34-42 70-16 m. (LWA)
HAKIM KALA .LLc SL
34- 69-. A vi l l age in t h e uppe r Logar Valley whi ch, t o g e t h e r wi t h
Kala-i-Yakub a nd ~ h a l i l a b a d , f o r ms a t o wn s h i p . A l l t h r e e a r e
i nhabi t ed by Hazaras. ( Cl i f f or d. ) Recent maps s how a pl ace wi t h
t h i s name a t 32-43 68-28 m. (LWA)
HALMA &
34-38 70-36 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Kunar r i ver ,
nort h of Dara-i-Nur.
*HALQABELO
33-18 67-16 m. A v i l l a g e on a st r eam, s out he a s t of Lalchak.
A&
HALWAQOL &\+
34-39 67-14 m.
A vi l l age in t h e Kuh-i-Baba r ange, e a s t of Sar i qol .
*HAMANAG ( A d ) L
34-58 69-40 m. A vi l l age on a t r i but a r y of t h e ~ a g a b r i ver , s out h-
east of Nejrab.
*HAMZA '*
33-32 67-18 m. A vi l l age i n t h e Amrest an val l ey, about 5 miles east
of Aj r est an.
*HANGARA '&
35-11 69-10 m. A vi l l age on a t r i but a r y of t h e Salang r i ver , north
of Char i kar .
*HANI TWAL J ' w
33-16 68-46 m. A vi l l age s o u t h e a s t of Sa r de h Band and nor t hwest of
Motakhan.
HANUR KALA See MAIDAN-I-PAI KOTAL *#
HAOZ dP
El evat i on 10, 500 f e e t . A kot a l c r o s s e d by t h e Bamian-Daulat Yar
r oa d s o o n a f t e r e n t e r i n g t h e Dai Za ngi Count r y. ( See Military
Re por t on Hazarajat. Par t 11.)
HARIOB Or ARYOBSTER (2-33') c.sd
33-56 69-42. A d i s t r i c t i nha bi t e d by t h e Jaj i s, and compri si ng t he
val l ey of a st r eam whi ch rises i n t h e Sikaram and j oi ns t h e Upper
Kurram. Al i Khel, a bout half-way down t h e val l ey, has an elevation
of 7, 565 f e e t . The vi l l a ge s of t h i s d i s t r i c t a r e of pecul i ar con-
s t r uc t i on, sel dom c ons i s t i ng of more t ha n f our or f i ve houses,
usual l y s i t u a t e d on commanding emi nences or i n r e t i r e d little glens.
Thos e i n t h e l a t t e r s i t ua t i on a r e pr ovi de d wi t h a de t a c he d tower of
obs er vat i on, i n some i n s t a n c e s s u p p o r t e d on pol e s of pi ne wood, and
a s c e nde d by a l a dde r . Each hous e is d e t a c h e d and f or ms a l i t t l e
f o r t of i t s e l f . The t h i c k wal l s of s t o n e and mud a r e pi erced by
numer ous h o l e s t h a t s e r v e t h e t h r e e f o l d p u r p o s e s of ventilators,
chimneys, and l oophol es f or fi ri ng t hr ough. The st r ong wooden door
o c c u p i e s t h e c e n t r e of one s i d e , wh i l s t t h e f l a t r oof communicates
by a t r ap- door and l a d d e r ( f or med of t h e t r unk of a t r e e , notched So
a s t o form s t e p s when t h e wood is f i x e d i n a s t a ndi ng posi t i on) wi t h
t h e i nt e r i or , an ope n s p a c e s unk bel ow t h e l e ve l of t h e ground, and
wi t h ga l l e r i e s all r ound t h a t s h e l t e r t h e family a s w e l l a s their
c a t t l e , c ons i s t i ng of a f ew c ows , goa t s , and hor s e s , t oge t he r wi t h
s t o r e s of gr ai n, f o d d e r , and f uel . Rice is t h e c h i e f cr op of t hi s
d i s t r i c t . Br onchocel e is not an uncommon d i s e a s e among t h e Jali
i nhabi t ant s . The val l ey is e x c e e d i n g l y col d in t h e winter, but
d e l i g h t f u l dur i ng t h e summer mont hs. The main road from t h e Paiwar
Kotal t o Kabul p a s s e s t h r o u g h t h e Hariob d i s t r i c t .
Two ot he r roads,
bot h sai d t o be f i t f o r camel s, l ead nor t hwa r ds from Bilut by t he
Lakarai Kotal t o Gandamak, and by t h e Khar shat al Kotal t o Khurd
Kabul. From A l i Khel i n Hariob a camel-road l e a d s down t h e vaUey
of t h e Karaia t o Ahmad Khel on t h e Kurram r o u t e t o ~ h a z n i .
H ARMUL
&P'
A vi l l age i n Laghman, c ons i s t i ng of t h e f ol l owi ng haml et s of mixed
t r i b e s :
1. Kala-i-Akram
2. Kabil-i-Akram
3. A l i Asghar (warburton.)
HASAN
Y
32-40 76-40 m.
A val l ey s o u t h of Ghojan (Aghojan) i n t h e Tarnak
-
va l l e y.
HASANAK
L
A pl a c e i n t h e Dai Kundi c o u n t r y . ( Se e Mi l i t ar y Re p o r t on
~ a z a r a j a t , P a r t 11.)
HASAN KHAN
irL
34- 69-. A s m a l l vi l l age i n t h e Kabul d i s t r i c t , on t h e l e f t bank
of t h e Logar r i ve r near Bagrami. (Kennedy.) Recent maps s how t h e
name Hasankhel , a t 34-29 69-18 m. (LWA)
HASAN KHEL &-
33-52 69-41 A. A s e c t i on of t h e Jaj i s. They have t h r e e Large and
f our small f o r t s cont ai ni ng 300 hous es . Thei r number of f i g h t i n g
men is 1,000. The r e is much ga r de n cul t i vat i on i n t h e i r valley.
Lumsden c a l l s t hem t h e Husain Khel. (Agha Abbas.)
HASAN KHEL by
33-53 69-40 G. A J aj i vi l l age about 8 m i l e s from A l i Khel cont ai n-
ing about 200 hous es . Water is abundant t h r o u g h o u t t h e year . No
s uppl i e s available. (Johnson. )
*HASAN KHEL (AHMAD KHEL) &-
33-50 69-37. Hasan Khel is an al aqadar i i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce. The
al aqadari c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 198 s qua r e ki l omet er s and ha s an
agr i cul t ur al popul at i on t h a t ha s been es t i mat ed by var i ous Af ghan
s our ces a t from 1, 805 t o 6,474. The al aqadar i is bounded i n t h e
west by Sayed Karam, in t h e nor t h by Jaj i , i n t h e e a s t by Chamkani,
and in t h e s out h by Lajmangal. Hasan Khel ha s some 24 vi l l a ge s , 3
of whi ch have more t ha n 500 i nhabi t ant s . The vi l l ages a r e l i s t e d i n
t h e PG a s f ol l ows: Mokhi Kalai Hazar Darakht . Bekarai , A l i Khel,
Merazi, Mesharai ( Meshr ai Khola), Mama Khel, Moshaka, Kabuli, Worn
Hasan Khel, Da Hasan Khel-Loy Kala, Khel al Khel, Mani Khel, Deh
Khwara, She s ht a , Ishkawa-i-Sekandar-Khel, Moti (Mokhi ), Dray Khel,
G hundi , Kharzon (Kharzana), Salimi Kalai, Shai k ho K a l a i , Si ka nde r
Khel, Wodam-i-Ahmad Khel, Shawat , Shabad Khel, and Sprot-i-Hazar-
Darakht.
*HASAN KHEL &-
33-55 68-41 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on t h e Ghazni-Kabul r oad, 4 m i l e s
sout h west o f Sayyi dabad. Ot her pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name a r e l oc a t e d on
a t r i but ar y of t h e Tagab r i ver , n o r t h e a s t of Nejrab, a t 35-0 69-41
m., and on a t r i but a r y of t h e Al i shang r i ver , w e s t of Fer adol i , 34-
46 69-59 m.
HASAN KHEL b?
An Af ghan pas t or al t r i b e who r e s i d e i n t h e summer i n t h e Hazarajat
and i n t h e wi nt er i n Laghman. They p o s s e s s many camel s, h o r s e s ,
a s s e s , bul l ocks, and s h e e p . They a r e sai d t o be a s ubdi vi s i on of
t h e Sulaiman Khel Ghi l zai s. (Masson, I.B.C.)
*HASANZAI Llrit-L
34-50 69-22 m. A v i l l a g e n o r t h o f t h e ~ u h - i - ~ a f i a nd e a s t o f
I s t a l i f .
HASHIM KHEL &+
34-15 69-59 A. A vi l l age cont ai ni ng about 100 hous e s , 1-1/4 m i l e
e a s t of Gandamak, in t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t . I t is i nhabi t ed by
Kharbun Khugi ani s and is s i t ua t e d on t h e Marki Khel Stream whi ch is
her e spanned by a s t o n e and wooden b r i d g e (see Marki Khel). Water
abundant. Fodder and s u p p l i e s pr ocur abl e i n small qua nt i t i e s . Vast
ground f o r encampment. Ther e is a cus t oms p o s t i n t h e vi l l age.
( Jenkyns, ~ a n l i s s , Johnst on. )
Re c e nt maps s how t h e spel l i ng Hasim
Khel. (LWA)
HASHMAT KHAN 3 k ~
34-30 69-12. A vi l l age a t t h e e a s t e r n bas e o f t h e Takht-i-Shah and
be t we e n Bini H i s a r and t h e c i t y of Kabul.
It is s i t ua t e d 500 yards
s o u t h we s t of t h e Kabul-Charasia r oad, and t o t h e nor t h of t h e vil-
l a g e is a mar sh. (Kennedy.)
HASHTALAI 2-
One of t h e pr i nc i pa l d i s t r i c t s of t h e Dai Kundis. (See Military
Re por t on Hazarajat, Pa r t 11.)
HASHTDAR See AZHDAR J-
HASHT DARAKHT 6) JU
El evat i on 10, 200 f e e t . The s i x t h s t a g e on t h e road l eadi ng from
G hazni t h r o u g h t h e Besud c ount r y t o Band-i-Amir. (See Military
Repor t oon Hazaraj at , Par t 11.)
*HASKA MINA 6L
34-8 70-28 m. A vi l l age nor t h of Spi n Ghar and s out h of Jalalabad.
*HASTI
+
32-42 68-21 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d e a s t of Khushamand and sout hwest
of J a ni khe l , i n Deh Bald Woleswali.
*HAUZ riu
34-23 67-24 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on t h e Darazqol, nor t h of t he Kuh-
i - Si ahkhar .
HAUZ-I-KHAS ; P ~ P
34-3 69-54 G. A pool and s h r i n e on a s p u r of t h e Paghman range
above t h e Koh Daman o f Kabul. I t is f r e q u e n t e d by t h e Hindus of
Kabul, Koh Daman, and Kohi st an, who be l i e ve t h a t it connect s i t sel f
by a s ubt er r anean pa s s a ge wi t h t h e Ganges r i ver . (I.B.C.)
HAUZ-I-MAHYA See SAR-I-CHASHMA ( 3) ~c. L+P
*HAUZ-I-SHAH
r L: j~
34-46 67-8 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d s o u t h we s t of t h e and-i-~mir lakes
i n Bamian pr ovi nce.
*HAYAT KHAN KALAI
J"kb
34-6 69-13 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d some 8 miles e a s t of Kolangar and
s out heas t of Mazgin.
HAZARA DARA 4) ~ J ' P
35-21 69-37,
A l a r g e gl e n dr ai ni ng near l y d u e nor t h, and entering
t h e u p p e r Panj s hi r val l ey a bout 3 miles below Marz. The first
v i l l a g e , a b o u t o n e m i l e u p is Tambanah (Tamana), cont ai ni ng 30
hous e s - A t 2 miles a r e Pojawah and Mdimah on e i t h e r s i de of t h e
st r eam, wi t h 40 hous e s . The gl en is s a i d t o be 200 yar ds wide here*
A t 4 miles is Malik Khel, 100 hous e s . ~t t h i s vi l l age t h e glen
f o r k s t t h e r i g h t br anch bei ng t h e Abdulla Khel Dara, while t he left
is t h e Hazara Dara pr oper . u p t h e f or mer , 5 miles from t he main
gl en, is Bazgi ran, cont ai ni ng 80 hous e s . ~t 6 miles is ~ u n d k h u On
t h e r i g h t bank of t h e st r eam. ~t ha s 60 hous es .
A t 8 miles i s t he
Abdulla Khel gr oup of Haml et s on bot h s i d e s of t h e gl en, containing
i n all 200 hous es . The gl en is sai d t o be h e r e from 400 t o 450
yar ds wi de, and is w e l l c ul t i va t e d. The r e a r e no trees, and t h e
peopl e u s e but a f o r f uel .
No good pl ace t o camp.
The kot a l a t t h e
head of t h e gl e n is cal l ed Nijrao; t h e road over it is s ai d t o be
t oo d i f i c u l t f o r pack yabus unl e s s wi t h ver y l i g h t l oa ds . Af t e r
des cendi ng i nt o Nijrao t h e road is sai d t o be good. The i nha bi t a nt s
of al l t h e f or e goi ng vi l l a ge s a r e Taj i ks.
Ascendi ng t h e l ef t - hand br anch of t h e gl en, t h a t is t h e Hazara Dara,
t h e f i r s t vi l l age is Baba A l i , 8 m i l e s from t h e main gl e n (4 miles
from t h e f or k) . I t ha s 60 hous e s of Gawi Hazaras. Here t h e gl en
again f or ks . Up t h e r i g h t br anch, known a s t h e Dara J a r Al i , a t 9
miles (1 m i l e f r om l a s t f o r k ) i s J a r A l i v i l l a g e , c o n t a i n i n g 60
hous es of Gawi Hazaras. Up t h e l e f t br anch, t h e Hazara Dara, a t 10
miles from t h e main gl en and 2 m i l e s from t h e last f o r k , is Sang-i-
Khan, cont ai ni ng 100 h o u s e s o f Gawi Hazaras. A t 11 m i l e s a r e t h e
vi l l age of Gulab Khel and Dost Ali, cont ai ni ng t o g e t h e r 60 h o u s e s of
Gawi Hazaras. Four m i l e s f u r t h e r u p (15 miles) is Astana Kalan on
t h e l e f t bank of t h e st r eam. I t ha s 30 h o u s e s of Musalman Kaf i r s of
t h e "Koresh" t r i b e or s e c t i on. The r oad, a s f a r a s t h i s pl ace, is
pr act i cabl e f or hor semen and yabus wi t h l i g h t l oads . Onwar ds from
Astana Kalan a r e t wo t r a c k s over t h e hi l l s. The one t o t h e r i g h t
l e a ds t o Faraj ghan, Najil and Laghman. I t is sai d t o be merel y a
f oot pa t h i mpr act i cabl e f o r hor s e s . The l ef t - hand pa t h l e a d s i n t o
Ka f i r i s t a n, a nd is e q u a l l y ba d, b e i n g onl y f i t f o r f oot - me n.
(Shazada Taimus.)
*HAZARA, DEH-I-
dJ\jJb 4 d
34-57 69-12 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d e a s t of t h e Kabul-Charikar r oad,
sout h of Char i kar .
HAZARAJAT Or HAZARISTAN L;L 4 J 1 9
(A f ul l de s c r i pt i on of t h e d i s t r i c t is gi ven i n t h e ~ i l i t a r y Repor t
on t h e Hazarajat, from whi ch t h e f ol l owi ng is e xt r a c t e d. )
The Hazarajat is t h e name gi ven t o t h e g r e a t c e nt r a l mount ai nous
r egi on of Afg han occupi ed by t h e Hazara race. I t must be c ons i de r e d
a geogr aphi cal r a t h e r t ha n an e t hnogr a phi c a l e x p r e s s i o n , f o r t h e r e
ar e t r a c t s e xc l us i ve l y i nhabi t ed by Hazaras whi ch d o not a ppe a r t o
be cons i der ed wi t hi n t h e ~ a z a r a j a t . Its e x a c t l i mi t s cannot be
de f i ne d, but t h e term a p p e a r s t o be a ppl i e d t o t h e c ount r y s o u t h of
t he Band-i-Baba, between t h e watershed of t h e Helmand and t h e Wardak
count r y on t h e e a s t and t h e ~ a i ma n i c ount r y on t h e w e s t . On t h e
sout h it may be sai d t o be bounded by t h e Baghran and Khunai s ubdi s -
t r i c t ~ of Zamindawar, by t h e Kandahar d i s t r i c t s of Dehrawad and
Tirin and by t h e Nawa-i-Arghandab, a s ubs e c t i on of Kalat-i-Ghilzai.
On t h e s o u t h e a s t is Ghazni in t h e Kabul Di s t r i ct .
On t h e nor t he r n s i d e of t h e Hazarajat t h e c ount r y of t h e Shai kh
A l i s t o g e t h e r wi t h Bamian most l y popul at ed by Hazaras, and Yakh
Walang t o t h e w e s t of Bamian whi ch is e xc l us i ve l y Hazar-a, a r e not i n
t h e Hazarajat, a l t hough many Hazaras maintain t h a t Yakh Walang is
i ncl uded. No Hazara i nhabi t ed c ount r y nor t h of t h e s e pl a c e s is
i ncl uded. Bu t L a l and Sar Jangal, bet ween Yak Walang and Daulat
Yar, ar e in t h e Hazarajat. The ar ea, el evat i on and hi s t or y of t h e
count r y a r e al l de a l t wi t h i n t h e Military Repor t , whi l s t t h e i nhab-
i t ant s, t h e var i ous s e c t i o n s of t h e Hazaras, w i l l be f ound under
"Hazaras" and under t h e i r own s pe c i a l headi ngs .
9'9 HAZARAS
A d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e Ha z a r a s i s g i v e n i n t h e Mi l i t ar y
Report on t h e Hazarajat whi l s t a de s c r i pt i on of t h e i r var i ous t r i b e s
is SO gi ven under t h e i r s e ve r a l he a di ngs , namely:
Dai Kundi, Under t h i s headi ng ha s a l s o been i ncl uded t h e ~ a i Zangi
t r i b e , n o t b e c a u s e t h e y a r e one , b u t b e c a u s e t h e y have heen
i nt i mat el y c onne c t e d bot h ge ogr a phi c a l l y and admi ni st r at i vel y and
a r e near l y al ways s p o k e n of t o g e t h e r .
Besud
Dai Mirdad
Ghazni Hazaras. These comprise t h e Jaghatu, t h e Muhammad Khwaja and
t h e Chahar Dast a Hazaras.
Jaghu r i
Pol ada of Malistan and Uj ar i st an
Urazgani
Sha i kh Alis, t h e Hazara i nha bi t a nt s of Bamian and t h o s e of Yak
Walang, w i l l be f ound unde r t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e headi ngs , whi l st t he
Hazaras of Kala Nao a r e f ul l y de s c r i be d i n t h e Gazet t eer of the
Her at Province. )
HAZARA THANA &k dJ1p
33- 69-. A s q u a r e bui l di ng, s i d e s 150 f e e t i n l e n g t h , passed at
t h e 1 2 t h m i l e from Dre K a h t wo a r d s t h e Shut ur Gardan pas s , cl ose to
t h e camping-ground of Kasim Khel.
The pos i t i on is badl y s e l e c t e d , a s t h e h i l l s a t t h e back command and
l ook i n t o it. T. he Shut ur Gardan p a s s is r a t h e r more t han 2 miles
f u r t h e r on. ( Spr a t t , I.B.C.)
HAZAR CHASMA See KAJKAMAR 35-18 66-59 A.
HAZARDARAKHT .jJ dJ\p
33- 69-. El evat i on 9, 382 f e e t . A campi ng- gr ound of Ghilzais to
t h e e a s t of t h e Shut ur Gardan pa s s , on t h e r oad from Kurram t o t he
Logar valley. I t is a pl at eau whi ch is bur i ed under snow f or about
hal f t h e year , b u t whi ch f or ms t h e summer gr azi ng ground f or t he
Ghi l zai s, who c o l l e c t h e r e i n l a r g e number s wi t h t h e i r families and
f l o c k s , f r om Apr i l t o August , f o r t h e s a k e of t h e past ur age - a
s h o r t sweet g r a s s and a s t u n t e d gr owt h of ar t emi si a, bot h of which
a r e gr a z e d i ndi s cr i mi nat el y; e x e p t a t t h e above-named season t here
is no f ood f o r man o r b e a s t f o r 20 o r 30 miles round.
The r e is no vi l l age he r e , and t h o u g h it is t h e br oa de s t place in
t h i s e l e va t e d gl en, t h e r e is b u t j u s t room f o r t h e encampment of one
r egi ment . Any f o r c e i n camp h e r e would have t o be gr eat l y scat-
t e r e d , and it would be a na s t y pl a c e t o be a t t a c ke d in, but no
b e t t e r gr ound is t o be had. (Lumsden.)
HAZARADARAKHT &I J JIP
33- 6%.
A nar r ow wi ndi ng d e f i l e , a t t h e head of t h e stream of the
same name, a t r i but a r y of t h e Kurram r i ver . The road from Kurram
t o wa r d s t h e val l ey of t h e Logar a s c e n d s t h r o u g h t h i s de f i l e f or 16
m i l e s from t h e vi l l age of Rokian. The h e i g h t s boundirlg t h e def i l e on
e i t h e r s i d e a r e f or med mainly of l i mest one, e x c e p t wher e t h e defi l e
br a nc he s o f f i n little gl e ns , t h a t , wi ndi ng nor t h bet ween t h e hills,
convey t h e i r dr a i na ge i nt o t h e main channel .
The oppos i t e hei ght s
a r e nowhe r e more t ha n 600 o r less, t ha n 80 ya r ds a pa r t whi l st their
s t e e p , and i n many pl a c e s pe r pe ndi c ul a r s i d e s a r e t hi c kl y covered to
t h e ve r y bot t om wi t h t r e e s .
The i nt e r va l bet ween f or ms t h e s t ony
bed o f a mountain t o r r e n t , whi ch ha s little wat er in it at times,
b u t a t o t h e r s is of e xt r e me vi ol ence. he d e f i l e is ended by a
s h o r t s h a r p a s c e n t b y t h e Su r k a i Kot al t o t h e pl at eau
Hazardarak ht . (Lumsden.)
HAZAR KASH See CHAJ-I-HAZARA
*HAZARKHEL &- J'P
33-24 68-57 m. A vi l l age on t h e r oad from Gar dez t o Ghazni , a bout
22 miles west of Gardez.
HAZAR KUCH See KHURD BARG
ES r'i.
HAZAR NAO +J'P
34-14 70-54 m. A l a r g e s t r a ggl i ng vi l l age on t h e main Peshawar -
Kabul r oad, 3 1/2 m i l e s e a s t of Basawal. It is one of t h e b u s i e s t
and most popul ous pl a c e s on t h i s r out e cont ai ni ng about 900 f ami l i es
of Mohmands, headman (1904) Shakar Khan. The i nha bi t a nt s p o s s e s s
about 2,500 head of c a t t l e , 1, 500 s h e e p and goa t s , 100 h o r s e s and
200 buf f al oes . The annual pr oduc t i on of wheat and bar l ey a ve r a ge s
about 170, 000 I ndi an maunds; l and r evenue is s ai d t o amount t o
30,000 kr ans p e r annum. The hi l l s t o t h e s o u t h a r e i n t e r s e c t e d by
numerous r avi nes, dr ai ni ng i nt o t h e Kabul r i ver , whi ch gi ve t h e
vi l l age its name. The r e is a good campi ng gr ound he r e , wi t h pl e nt y
of gr a s s and camel -grazi ng and an abundance of
wat er from c ha nne l s
from t h e r i ver . The r e is a f o r c e of 600 kha s a da r s s t a t i one d he r e .
(Malleson, Wanliss, I.B.C.)
HAZAR NAO $J'P
33-38 68-57 m. A r a nge of hi l l s , bei ng a par al l el r i d g e t o t h e
Jadran r ange. I t r e a c h e s a h e i g h t of about 2,500 f e e t above t h e
pl ai n of Gha z ni a nd is b a r e a nd r u g g e d i n its a s p e c t . I t is a
s out her n s p u r of t h e r a nge of mount ai ns whi ch c onne c t s t h e Paghan
with t h e Saf ed Koh, and is somet i mes cal l ed Ghar Koh. (Broad f oot . )
HAZARNAO $J'P
34-37 71-4 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Kunar r i ver ,
s out he a s t of Narang. Nearby is a not he r vi l l age wi t h t h i s name, a t
34-38 71-4 m.
HAZRAH ( JJ~' ) ~ J P
Elevation 13, 458 f e e t . A hal t i ng pl ace 2 m i l e s w e s t of t h e Shut ur
Gardan pass. The r e is a small f o r t he r e , whi ch is t h e l i m i t of t h e
Ghi l zai s in t h i s di r ect i on. The c ount r y ar ound Hazrah s t r e t c h e s
away t o t h e n o r t h e a s t i n a s uc c e s s i on of t ol er abl y l e ve l pl at eaux of
consi der abl e l e n g t h , t h o u g h of no g r e a t br e a dt h, and f or ms an ele-
vated table-land, whi ch f o r hal f t h e year is more or less c ove r e d
with snow. In t h e summer mont hs t h i s r e gi on is r e s o r t e d t o by
various nomad t r i b e s of t h e Ghi l zai s, who h e r e f i nd s us t e na nc e f o r
t he i r f l o c k s and r e f u g e f o r t he ms e l ve s from t h e he a t of t h e pl ai ns.
I t abounds wi t h worm wood and or c hi ds ; lilies and t u l i p s a r e s t r e we d
about in ever y di r ect i on. NO s u p p l i e s a r e pr ocur abl e he r e , but
water can be procured from spr i ngs, t h e sour ces of t h e Surkhab. The
ground f or encampi ng is good, t h e r e bei ng commanding h e i g h t s a l l
round whi ch coul d be hel d. 1t is somet i mes cal l ed Ucha Marg ha.
(turnsden.) Recent maps show t h e name Azrow a t 34-11 69-39 A.
HAZRAH *AP
34- 69-. A pa s s bet ween Taghan and Aspando Kas, on t h e road from
t h e Lakarai Kotal t o Hisarak. Thi s p a s s is s t e e p on bot h s i d e s , b u t
t h e s oi l is not d i f f i c u l t t o work and coul d be eas i l y cl ear ed f o r
t h e pas s age of t r oops . (Col l et t . )
HAZRAT LUT ( T ) &++
34- 70-6 A s h r i n e i n t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t , wi t h i n a m i l e o f
Tatang in a val l ey of t h e Saf ed oh. I t is sai d t o be t h e gr a ve of
Lot , and is 33 y a r d s i n l e n g t h , e n c l o s e d by a wal l r u d e l y
c o n s t r u c t e d of s t one s .
I t is s ur r ounde d wi t h pol e s surmounted with
f l a g s and a r i c h c ol l e c t i on of s t o n e s t hr own down by devotees,
(Masson. )
HELMAND See Volume 2. &b
*HEMAT a
33-48 67-43 m. A vi l l a ge nor t h of t h e Dasht-i-Nawar and e a s t of the
Qarabayn mountain.
HERAT KHEL &..$A
33- 68-. A vi l l age, a bout 16 miles n o r t h e a s t of Ghazni, on the
road t o Kharwar. (I.B.C.)
HERDAH ( ' ) ' JL
34- 70-. A v i l l a g e i n t h e v a l l e y of J a l a l a ba d. (McGregor.)
HIDA Or ADA r @
34-22 70-29 m. A vi l l a ge 5 m i l e s s o u t h of Jalalabad. I t i s remark-
abl e f o r s e ve r a l t o p e s , mounds, and caves- - t he relics of a people of
whom no ot her memorial exi s t s . The t ope s may be described as struc-
t u r e s o f r u d e ma s onr y, ha vi ng g e n e r a l l y a c y l i n d r i c a l base
sur mount ed by a he mi s phe r i c a l dome. They a r e s ol i d, and t he fact
t h a t t h e y have been f ound i n most i n s t a n c e s t o cont ai n small cases,
t h e d e p o s i t o r i e s o f relics, cannot be c ons i de r e d t o negat i ve t hi s
proposition. Those which have been opened have been ascertained to
cont ai n a s h e s , bones , and o t h e r de c a ye d animal mat t er , metallic and
e a r t h e n v e s s e l s , gol d and s i l ve r or nament s, and many gems and coins;
t o q u o t e t h e wor ds of Masson --"the major p a r t s i l ve r Sassanian, but
a l s o s e ve r a l gol d one s , of whi ch, s i ngul a r t o r el at e, ar e fi ve of
Roman e mp e r o r s , t wo of Th e o d o s i u s , t wo o f Leo, and one of
Marcianus." A s t h e s e e mpe r or s r e i gne d be t we e n A.D. 408 and 474,
t h e r e is t h u s c onc l us i ve e vi de nc e t h a t t h e s t r u c t u r e s i n which these
c oi ns have been f ound must have bel onged t o an er a not earl i er than
t h e f i f t h c e nt ur y;
and a s t h e y a r e by t h e b e s t j udge s regarded as
unques t i onabl y Bu d d h i s t monuments, t h e y cannot be r e f e r r e d to a
l a t e r per i od t ha n t h e e i g h t h c e nt ur y, a t whi ch per i od ~uhammadanism
became pr edomi nant i n Af ghani st an. (Thort on. ) Also see Hadda (LWA).
HIDWANI ~ ' J a
34-11 70-38 G. A vi l l age in t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t , about 7 miles
s out h w e s t of Batik ot . I nhabi t ant s : Ti rai s. (Jenkyns. )
*HILALKHEL J+J%
33-2 67- 48 m. A v i l l a g e s o u t h o f t h e ~ a s h t - i - ~ a w a r i n ~ h a z n i
pr ovi nce.
HILAZAI
A s e c t i on of t he Sulaiman Khels.
HINDKI LJ*
The name gi ven t o t h e Hi ndus who l i v e in Af ghani st an. They are
Hi ndus of t h e Khat r i c l a s s , and a r e t o be f ound all over ~f qha ni s t a "
even amongs t t h e wi l de s t t r i be s . They a r e whol l y occupi ed in trade,
and form an i mpor t ant and numer ous por t i on of t h e population of
t h e cities and t owns , and a r e a l s o t o be f ound in t h e majority
l a r g e vi l l ages . Thi s e n t e r p r i s i n g p e o p l e t r a n s a c t much of t h e
banki ng bus i ne s s of t h e count r y, and by t h e s e means t hey prove
us e f ul t o t h e Af ghans , who, i nde e d, coul d not g e t on wi t hout t h e m*
The Hi ndki s t on t h e i r pa r t , t h o u g h t h e y a ppe a r t o t hr i ve and live
happi l y, n e v e r t h e l e s l a b o u r u n d e r many d i s a b i l i t i e s a n d r e s t r i c t i o n s
of t h e i r l i b e r t y , t h e e n d u r a n c e o f wh i c h is a p r o o f o f t h e p r o f i t
t hey e x t r a c t from t h o s e amongs t whom t h e y dwe l l a s exi l es . Be s i de s
payi ng a h i g h c a p i t a t i o n t a x , t e r me d "j i zi a, " t h e y a r e d e n i e d many
p r i v i l e g e s e n j o y e d b y o t h e r races i n t h e c o u n t r y wh o p r o f e s s t h e
Muhammadan r e l i g i o n . Th e y a r e n o t a l l o we d t o p e r f o r m o r o b s e r v e a ny
of t h e i r r e l i g i o u s c e r e mo n i e s i n publ i c , nor a r e t h e y a l l o we d t o
g i v e e v i d e n c e i n a c o u r t o f j u s t i c e , n o r t o r i d e on h o r s e - b a c k ,
unl ess bar ebacked, etc. They are r a r e l y c o n v e r t e d t o Muhammadani sm,
and are r e ma r ka bl e f o r a q u i e t a nd s t e a d y p e r s e v e r a n c e i n t h e
a c qui r e me nt o f we a l t h u n d e r t h e mo s t va r yi ng, a nd o f t e n t r y i n g ,
c i r c ums t a nc e s . Th e i r p o s i t i o n i n Af g h a n i s t a n is s omew h a t a n a l o g o u s
t o t h a t o f t h e " h e a t h e n " i n t h e cities o f t h e a n c i e n t Israelites.
They number a b o u t 300, 000 s o u l s , Ami r Habi bul l a Khan is b e l i e v e d ,
s i n c e h i s a c c e s s i o n , t o h a v e mi t i g a t e d t o a c e r t a i n e x t e n t t h e
d i s a b i l i t i e s u n d e r wh i c h Hi ndus f o r me r l y l a b o u r e d i n Af g h a n i s t a n .
The i mp o r t a n t p o s t o f Accont ant - Gener al a t Kabul is h e l d b y a Hi ndu,
Niranjan Das, wh o h a s a l s o b e e n g r a n t e d t h e r a n k o f Ci vi l Col onel .
(Bel l ew, I.B.C., 1906. )
HINDU >.L;B
34- 70-. A v i l l a g e i n Laghman, on t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e Al i ngar
r i v e r , 50 miles n o r t h w e s t o f J a l a l a b a d . I n h a b i t a n t s : T a j i k s .
Twent y h o u s e s . (Leech.)
HINDU 9-
34- 69-. A v i l l a g e i n t h e Koh Daman o f Kabul , a b o u t 6 miles w e s t
o f S h a k a r d a r a . I n h a b i t a n t s : Ta j i k s . T h e r e ar e o n l y 1 5 o r 1 6
hous e s , b u t on Hi ndu f e s t i v a l s t h e p e o p l e o f t h a t r a c e a s s e mb l e h e r e
from t h e c o n t r y a r o u n d , a nd g o on i n b o d i e s t o Hauz-i -Khas, a s h r i n e
i n t h e h i l l s s ome 1 5 miles o f f . (I.B.C.)
HINDU J-
33- 68-. A v i l l a g e i n t h e Gha z ni d i s t r i c t , a b o u t 4 m i l e s s o u t h o f
Rozabagh. I n h a b i t a n t s : Taj i ks . Th i r t y h o u s e s . (I.B.C.)
HI NDU KUSH J.9 .L;B
35-0 71-0 A. A r a n g e o f l o f t y mount a i ns wh i c h , wi t h its c ont i nua -
t i on t h e oh-i-Baba, r u n s l i k e a g r e a t v e r t e b r a l c o r d t h r o u g h t h e
heart of Afghani st an. The Hindu Kush (The name Hindu Kush, t h o u g h
a ppl i e d by u s t o t h e wh o l e r a n g e , is o n l y l o c a l l y a p p l i e d t o wh a t is
d e s c r i b e d bel ow as t h e We s t e r n s e c t i on. ) h a s its o r i g i n i n t h e
So u t h we s t e r n c o r n e r o f t h e Pami r s, i n a b o u t l o n g i t u d e 74' 38' E. a n d
e x t e n d s i n a g e n e r a l we s t e r l y d i r e c t i o n t o a b o u t l o n g i t u d e 68' 15' E,
forming bet ween t h e s e poi nt s t h e wat er s hed bet ween t h e Oxus on t h e
nor t h and t h e I n d u s on t h e s o u t h . From ne a r t h e we s t e r n e x t r e mi t y
of t h e Hi ndu Kush t h e Koh-i-Baba r u n s ne a r l y d u e w e s t f o r a f u r t h e r
d i s t a n c e of a b o u t 100 miles. Th i s r a n g e h a s b e e n s p o k e n o f a b o v e a s
a c ont i nua t i on o f t h e Hi ndu Kus h, b u t it is d o u b t f u l i f t h i s term
can be p r o p e r l y a p p l i e d t o it f o r t h e o n e r a n g e is n o t an a c t u a l
Pr ol ongat i on o f t h e o t h e r ; t h e e n d s o f t h e t wo d o n o t meet, t h e y
Overlap, and a r e connect ed by a r a t h e r f l a t and open wat er s hed known
a s t h e Shi ba r p a s s .
For pur pos es of geogr aphi cal de s c r i pt i on t h e Hindu Kush r a nge may b e
c onve ni e nt l y d i v i d e d i n t o t h r e e s e c t i o n s , t h e Ea s t e r n , Ce n t r a l a n d
West er n. The Ea s t e r n s e c t i o n s t r e t c h e s f r om t h e p o i n t o f o r i g i n o f
t h e r a n g e t o t h e Dorah p a s s ; t h e Ce n t r a l s e c t i o n f r om t h e Dor ah t o
t h e Khawak p a s s ; a nd t h e We s t e r n f r om t h e Khawak t o t h e t e r mi n a t i o n
of t h e r a n g e ne a r t h e Shi ba r p a s s . Of t h e s e s e c t i o n s onl y t h e t wo
l a t t e r , t h e Ce n t r a l a nd t h e We s t e r n, w i l l b e d e a l t wi t h h e r e ; t h e
Eas t er n s e c t i o n w i l l be f ound d e s c r i b e d i n t h e Ga z e t t e e r of ~ f g h ~ ~ i -
s t a n, Volume 1, Badakhshan.
The Ce nt r a l s e c t i o n f or ms t h e nor t he r n boundar y of Kafiristan, and
d i v i d e s t h i s p a r t o f t h e Kabul Pr o v i n c e f r om t h e Pr ovi nce of
Badakhshan on t h e nor t h. Li t t l e is known of t h i s pa r t of t h e range,
and e ve n t h e d i r e c t i o n of its main wat er s h e d is uncertain. 1t
seems pr obabl e, however , t h a t t h e l a t t e r i ns t e a d of running i n a
s t r a i g h t l i n e be t we e n t h e Dorah and Khawak p a s s e s makes a deep di p
s o u t h wa r d s i nt o t h e h e a r t of Kaf i r i st an be t we e n t h e Presun, or pech,
and t h e Ramgul val l eys, r e a c hi ng down t o a bout l a t i t ude 35.30' N,
Si r Ge or ge Rober t s on, i n 1890-91, r e a c he d t wo of t h e pas s es over
t h i s s e c t i on, t h e Mandal (15, 300) and t h e Kamah (15,500 f eet ) . The
f or mer , whi ch lies a t t h e head of t h e Bas hgul val l ey of Kafiristan,
must be c ons i de r e d a s i mpr act i cabl e f o r ba gga ge animals, though
poni e s a r e s a i d t o have been t a ke n over it. The l a t t e r is crossed
by a r oad l e a di ng from t h e Pr esun, o r Pech, val l ey of Kafiristan to
Fai zabad, i n Badakhshan; it is s a i d t o be pr act i cabl e f or laden
mul es and t o be much us e d by t r a d e r s when not c l os e d by snow, i.e.,
from J ul y t o Sept ember . The onl y o t h e r p a s s i n t h i s s ect i on of t he
r a nge whi ch is known t o be pr a c t i c a bl e f o r animals is t h e Nawak, or
Parian, whi ch lies about 1 5 m i l e s n o r t h e a s t of t h e Khawak pass. It
l e a d s from t h e head of t h e Panj s hi r val l ey i nt o t h e Anjurnan valley
of Badakhshan, and is s a i d t o be pr a c t i c a bl e f o r l aden camels.
Th e c o u n t r y l y i n g i mme di a t e l y t o t h e n o r t h of t h i s s e c t i on i s
pr act i cal l y unknown t o us, but from t h e nei ghbour hood of t h e Nawak
p a s s a l ong s p u r is bel i eved t o r un i n a nor t h- nor t heas t er l y direc-
t i on f o r some 80 or 90 m i l e s , s e pa r a t i ng t h e val l ey of t h e Kunduz
r i ve r from t h a t of t h e u p p e r Kokcha. Thi s s p u r is sometimes known
a s t h e Khwaja Muhammad range.
To t h e s o u t h t h e main r a nge t h r o ws o f f a s uc c e s s i on of spurs
s e pa r a t i ng t h e d e e p and p r e c i p i t o u s val l eys of ~ a f i r i s t a n one from
t h e o t h e r , and t o t h e w e s t of t h e s e a g r e a t s p u r r uns down dividing
Ka f i r i s t a n f r om t h e P a n j s h i r v a l l e y and t e r mi n a t i n g in a peakt
13, 890 f e e t h i g h , n o t more t ha n 20 m i l e s nor t h of Nagalu On the
Kabul r i v e r .
The ge ne r a l el evat i on of t h e main r a nge i n t h i s s e c t i on may be taken
a s be t we e n 14, 500 and 17,OO f e e t , whi l e t h e r e a r e numerous peaks of
over 20.000 f e e t hi gh. The r a nge i s a t r u e s i e r r a , bei ng everywhere
j a gge d p r e c i p i t o u s and ar i d. I t is d e s t i t u t e of trees, and t her e is
b u t l i t t l e g r a s s or he r ba ge of any de s c r i pt i on. Above 15,000 feet
snow is pe r pe t ua l . A more i nhos pi t a bl e , de s ol a t e r egi on i t is
d i f f i c u l t t o i magi ne, but t h e s c e ne r y is o f t e n sublime.
The West er n s e c t i on, from t h e Khawak p a s s t o t h e termination of t he
r a nge near t h e Shi bar Pass, t h o u g h s l i g h t l y l ower in gener al eleva-
t i o n t h a n e i t h e r t h e Ea s t e r n o r Ce n t r a l s e c t i o n s , is stiu a
f or mi dabl e obs t a c l e t o d i r e c t communi cat i on bet ween t h e country
l yi ng t o t h e nor t h of Kabul and t h e pr ovi nces f o ~ a d a k h s h a n and
Af ghan Tur ki s t an. I t is, however , c r o s s e d by now f ewer t han l9
r e c ogni z e d p a s s e s , viz.:
Khawak (11, 640)
Regak
Ti 1 ( 11, 700' )
Zur i a*
Shahbah
Parandev
Ar zu
Sar dar a*
Bajgah ( 12, 300' )
Sa 1 ang
Kaoshan (14, 320' )
Wal i an
Chapdara*
Chahardar (13 ,500' )
~ol - i - Li c h*
Tawa*
Zak*
Tunkhana*
Kharzar*
of t h e s e p a s s e s t h o s e i n a s t e r i s c s can onl y b e c o n s i d e r e d a s f oot -
pat hs , i mpr act i cabl e f o r b a g g a g e ani mal s of any d e s c r i p t i o n ; t h e
remai nder a r e a l l f i t f o r l a de n mul es whi l e t h e Khawak, Regak,
Chahar dar and Sal ang a r e pr a c t i c a bl e f o r camel s. The Khawak is t h e
only one of t h e g r o u p , whi c h, i n or di na r y wi nt e r s , r emai ns o p e n all
t h e year r ound.
An i mpor t ant p o i n t t o n o t e i n c onne c t i on wi t h t h e Hi ndu Kush is t h a t
t h i s r a n g e , i n c o n j u n c t i o n wi t h t h e S a n g l a k h a n d t h e Sul ai man
r anges , f or ms one g r e a t wa t e r s h e d whi c h s e p a r a t e s t h e whol e of t h e
dr ai nage of t h e I r ani an pl a t e a u ( of t h e Oxus and t h e o elm and) f r om
t h a t o f t h e I n d i a n r i v e r s y s t e m (see a r t i c l e s on S a n g l a k h a n d
Sulaiman) .
In 1886 f i v e r o u t e s ove r t h e ~ i n d u Kush wer e r e c onnoi t r e d by t h e
combined ~ n t e l l i g e n c e and s u r v e y Pa r t i e s of t h e Af gha n Boundar y
Commission, wi t hout c ount i ng t h e Shi ba r p a s s , vi z; - - t he Khawak,
Bajgah, Kaoshan, Walin ( ha l f ) , and t h e Chahar dar .
The f ol l owi ng e x t r a c t r e l a t i ng t o t h i s por t i on of t h e r a n g e h a s been
t aken from a l e c t u r e d e l i v e r e d i n 1889 by Col onel Maitland a t t h e
United Se r vi c e ~ n s t i t u t i o n , Simla:
"The ge ne r a l c h a r a c t e r of dl t h e p a s s e s a p p e a r s t o be much t h e
same. The p a t h s a s c e nd nar r ow g l e n s on t h e s o u t h s i d e o f t h e r a n g e
t o t h e l o f t y and d e s o l a t e crest, wi t h its s p l i n t e r e d g r a n i t e p e a k s
and p a t c h e s of pe r e nni a l snow. The s c e n e r y h e r e is n o t i n t h e l e a s t
l i k e t h a t of or di na r y Af ghan mount ai ns, b u t r a t e r r e s e mbl e s t h a t of
t h e h i g h e r Grampi ans. Nor t hwar d, t h e d e s c e n t is down l o n g e r and
less narrow gl e ns , a t an e a s i e r gr a di e nt . Th e s e g l e n s ha ve a ve r y
Scot ch l ook a bout t hem, and t h e l owe r p a r t s a r e f a i r l y w e l l wooded.
Towar ds t h e mout hs of t h e gl e ns , on b o t h s i d e s , a r e ma s s e s of
or c ha r ds , wi t h s t r i p s of c ul t i va t i on, and more o r less s c a t t e r e d
vi l l ages, some of t hem of c ons i de r a bl e s i z e .
"The Hindu Kush is pa s s a bl e f o r a bout s e ve n mont hs i n t h e year ,
from May t o November i ncl us i ve: b u t on a c c ount o f t h e d i f f i c u l t y o f
cr os s i ng t h e unbr i dge d s t r e a ms dur i ng t h e e a r l y p a r t of t h e s e a s o n
t h e r oa ds a r e not c o n s i d e r e d f ul l y ope n unt i l a bout t h e e nd of J une.
"The Hindu Kush is h e r e a s i n g l e r ange, n o t a mount ai nous r e g i o n ( I t
mu s t be e xpl a i ne d, howe ve r , t h a t not wi t hs t a ndi ng its be i ng a s i n g l e
r ange, d i s t i n c t l y l i mi t ed on its n o r t h e r n s i d e by t h e Andarab val l ey
and t h e d e e p l y s unk c o u r s e o f t h e Sur kha b s t r eam, h i l l s a c t ua l l y
e xt e nd f o r a c ons i de r a bl e d i s t a n c e nor t hwa r d, i n f a c t t o wi t hi n a
f ew mar ches of t h e Oxus. ), and a l t h o u g h of c ons i de r a bl e e l e va t i on,
t h e p a s s e s a ve r a gi ng a bout 13, 000 f e e t , it can b e c r o s s e d by any o f
t h e r out e s i n f o u r or f i v e mar ches. Most of t h e r o a d s a r e , no doubt ,
r ough, bad, and s t e e p i n pl a c e s , b u t t h e y a r e r a r e l y da nge r ous .
"Some of t h e mos t s u c c e s s f u l of t h e i nva de r s of I ndi a from t h e n o r t h
c r os s e d t h e Hindu Kush i n t h e i r p a t h of c onque s t . A m i r Timur, known
i n our h i s t o r i e s a s Timur Lang, n o t onl y p a s s e d ove r it wi t h a l a r g e
army, but went o u t of h i s way t o i nva de Kaf i r i s t an i n pa s s i ng. Bot h
Babur and h i s s o n Humayun, i n t h e i r i n t e r n a l wa r s p a s s e d it
r e pe a t e dl y wi t h c ons i de r a bl e f o r c e s . A l l t h e pr i nc i pa l p a s s e s a r e
ment i oned a s havi ng been us e d on d i f f e r e n t oc c a s i ons , and it may
s ur pr i s e some h e r e t o l e a r n t h a t t h e r o u t e by Bamian was ne ve r
r e s or t e d t o e x c e p t when t h e l a t e n e s s o f t h e s e a s on n e c e s s i t a t e d
r e c our s e bei ng had t o t h e Shi bar , whi ch is ne ve r c ompl e t e l y c l os e d.
"Coming down t o l a t e r times, Aur angzi b' s p a s s a g e o f t h e Hi ndu Kush
by t h e Chahar dar p a s s is still t a l ke d of i n t h e count r y.
He is sai d t o have had a numer ous a r t i l l e r y, whi ch was t r a n s p o r t e d
On camels. St i l l mor e r e c e nt l y, and i n our own t i m e s , t h e va r i ous
f o r t h e t h r o n e of Kabul have agai n and agai n c r o s s e d and
r e c r os s e d t h e Hindu Kush wi t h t r o o p s and guns . I nde e d, t o r ead t h e
of t h o s e war s, a s of t h e e a r l i e r campai gns of Babur and
Humayun, one would almost i magi ne f r om t h e l i g h t way i n which s uc h
and s u c h a l e a d e r is s a i d
t o ha ve mar ched a c r o s s t h e mountains to
a t t a c k s omebody on t h e o t h e r s i d e ,
t h a t t h e Hi ndu Kush was but a
t r i f l i n g o b s t a c l e .
rifling it is not : b u t on t h e o t h e r hand it is not s o formidable
a s h a s ge ne r a l l y be e n s u p p o s e d . Th e r e a s on I have t h u s drawn atten-
t i o n t o t h e f r e q u e n c y wi t h
whi c h t h e r a n g e h a s been cr os s ed by
armies, is t o i mp r e s s on you t h a t t h e r o a d s whi c h r eal l y connect t he
pol i t i c a l and s t r a t e g i c c e n t r e a t Kabul wi t h Af ghan Tur ki st an and
Badakhs han, and t h e r e f o r e wi t h t h e Rus s i an f r o n t i e r , a r e t hos e over
t h e Hi ndu Ki sh and no ot her s. ' '
A t its we s t e r n e nd t h e Hi ndu Kush a b u t s on t h e d e e p gor ge of t he
S u r k h a b r i v e r ( h e r e c a l l e d t h e Ao Dar a) , a n d its main a x i s is
d e f l e c t e d s o u t h wa r d s , f or mi ng a d e p r e s s i o n whi ch is t h e terminal
we s t e r n wa t e r s h e d of t h e Ghor band val l ey. Th i s de pr e s s i on is, as
a bove ment i oned, t h e Shi ba r pa s s . Th e n c e t h e a x i s of t h e watershed
a ga i n t u r n s we s t wa r d s , and be c ome s known a s t h e Koh-i-Baba. (Mait-
l a nd, Barrow, Pe a c oc ke , Coc ke r i l l , Rober t son. )
HINDU KUSH
The onl y name l o c a l l y a ppl i e d t o t h e Chahar dar pas s .
3, a
*HISAR JL
35-10 69-20 m. A vi l l a ge l o c a t e d n o r t h o f Gul bahar and e a s t of t he
Pa nj s hi r r i ver . Ot he r p l a c e s wi t h t h i s name a r e a t t h e Nawa-i-Khoda-
i - dad, a t 33-12 67-35 m., and on t h e Gandamak r i ve r , near t h e vil-
l a g e o f Takhumi , a t 34-7 67-37 m.
*HI SARAK
d J L
33-59 69-2 m. A vi l l a ge near Mangokhel on t h e Gardez-Kabul road.
Ot her pl aces wi t h t h i s n a me a r e l ocat ed s out hwe s t of Khost and south
o f t h e Sha ma l r i v e r , a t 33- 14 69- 42 m.; a f e w miles west of
Chamkani , a t 33-48 69-47 m.; i n t h e Logar val l ey, some 6 miles
s o u t h o f Kol angar, a t 34-1 69-2.; i n t h e Pa nj s hi r val l ey, eas t of
Anawa, a t 35- 14 69- 30 m. ; a n d a n a r e a s o u t h w e s t o f Ukak and
n o r t h e a s t of t h e Dasht-i-Nawar i n Ghazni pr ovi nce, a t 33-51 67-55
m.
H I SARAK
J j L
34-15 69-52. Hi sar ak is a wol es wal i i n Nangar har provi nce. The
wol es wal i c o mp r i s e s an a r e a of 642 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s and has an
a g r i c u l t u r a l popul a t i on t h a t h a s be e n e s t i ma t e d a t from 6,674 to
17, 680. Th e wol eswal i is bounde d i n t h e e a s t by Sher zad, i n t he
n o r t h by Sar obi , i n t h e west by Khak-i-Jabar, and in t h e sout h by
Jal i and t h e S t a t e of Paki s t an. Hi sar ak
h a s a bout 48 vi l l ages, 18 of
whi c h ha ve more t h a n 50 i nha bi t a nt s . The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d i n t he
PG a s f ol l ows : Jaw Kan, Nar gosi , Shai khan-i -Ul ya, Arab Khel, Dawran
Khel (Doran Khel) , Shai k han- i - suf l a, Lach gar , Ghogi zah, Garri Karr-
Kacha, Siab-i-Suf l a, C bi n Zai, C h a r t u t , Farj i na, ~ a t s a i , Sarandot
Zari f Khel ( R0z Zari f Khel ) , Nawar, Tamnai, ~ a n a i , ~ a r r a i , Gazakt
Kul a l i (Kulala), Yaghi Band, Zangani , Qader Khel , Jamal Khel, Kafur
Kh e l ( Ka f a r Kh e l ) , La h o r Khe l , ~ o k Dar ah, u z b a k Khel , wattair
Ghunda h Sar r ai , Sha r i f Khel , Tsapar ai , Nas s er Khel, ~a h a wa l i , Mansur
Chi na (Rochashma-i -Mansur), Rlam Kat s, Mohamadi ( ~o h ma n d i ) , Halim
Khel , Golu Khel , Langar Khel , Muin Khel , Rag ha, ~eyab-i -Ul yar Gang0
Khel , Chor Chang, Khanj ar, and Salim Khel. (LWA) In 1914 t h e area
wa s d e s c r i b e d a s f o l l o ws : A d i v i s i o n of t h e lala lab ad d i s t r i c t
c o n s i s t i n g o f t h e val l ey of t h e Hi r ar ak R U ~ . The following is
J e nkyns ' list of t h e Hi sar ak vi l l a ge s i n 1879:
V i l l a g e I n h a b i t a n t s
1. Ughar g
2. Dehbab
3. Mahrez
4. Papi n-i -Kal an
5. Papin-i-Khurd
6. Charwazai
7. Sangot a
8. Gagra
9. Gur gur i
10. Yaghiband
11. Tarnao
12. Ts andal ai
13. Shpol a
14. Nar i
15. Akakhel
16. Fak i r k h e l
17. Mazina
18. Hi sar ak
19. Kal a-i -Mi rzi
20. Kal a-i -Zai no
21. Kadd-i-Roghani-o-Banda
22. Hi s ar s hahi
23. Baru- i-Khurd
24. Baru- i-Kalan
25. Kuchi-i-Hazarbuz
26. Ti r el ai - i - Mi r an
27. Bar i kab
28. Lachi pur
29. Chardeh and Mishwani
30. Zangokach
31. Kahan-i -Taj i ki
32. Kahan-i-Khalsa
33. Kal t ar ghar
Shi nwa r i s
I 1
I 1
Mians
I 1
Shinwar is
II
Sayyi ds , Dehgans
Mohmands, Dehgans
Sayyi ds
Dur ani s
II
Dehgans
Ta j i k s , Dehgans
Mohmands, Ta j i k s , Dehgans,
Kuch i s
Kuchi s
Sayyi ds
Mohmands, Dehgans
Dehgans, Ta j i k s , Gh i l z a i s
Ta j i ks , Mohmands, Gh i l z a i s
Mohmand s
Ta j i k s , Dehgans
Mohmands
T i r a i s
The val l ey h a s many o r c h a r d s , vi ne ya r ds , and c o r n f i e l d s on t h e
banks of its r i ver . Su p p l i e s of all s o r t s a r e pr ocur abl e. The val l ey
is famed f o r its pr oduc t i on of t h e s e e d l e s s pomegr anat e. ( Hough,
Wood, J enkyns , I.B.C.)
HI SARAK d j L
34-13 70-30 G. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Hi sar ak s ubdi vi s i on of t h e Jal al abad
di s t r i c t . I t lies on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Hi sarak Rud, a bout 1 5
miles s o u t h we s t of Cha r de h. The r e is a ga r r i s on h e r e c o n s i s t i n g of 1
squadr on caval r y ( d e t a c h e d f r om ~ a l a l a b a d ) , 2 ba t t a l i ons i n f a n t r y
and 100 k ha s a da r s . (I.B.C.)
H ISARAK d,L-
34- 69-. A vi l l a ge s i t u a t e d s o u t h o f t h e r oad f r om ah lab ad t o
Kabul, about 12 m i l e s f r om Gandamak s o u t h we s t , and t h e same s out h-
e a s t from J agdal ak.
HISARAK , d j L
34- 69-. A l a r g e c ol l e c t i on of vi l l a ge s i n t h e Ghi l zai count r y, 16
miles west of Gandamak. The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Jabar Khel Ghi l zai s. The
vi l l age s t a n d s on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Sur kha b r i ver . Here t h e r e a r e
f r u i t trees i n abundance, wh i l s t t h e c ount r y above and below is
bar e, wi t h t h e e x c e p t i o n of b u s h e s and s t u n t e d t r e e s . The inhabi-
t a n t s oc c upy t he ms e l ve s i n t h e f r u i t t r a d e wi t h Hindustan. (I.B.c.)
H I SARAK d J L
34-1 69-3 m. El evat i on 5,140 f e e t . A vi l l a ge i n t h e uppe r portion of
t h e Loga r v a l l e y , s t a n d i n g t o t h e n o r t h o f wh a t is cal l ed t he
Hi sarak pa s s , a t a d i s t a n c e of 12 miles i n a s out h wes t er l y direction
f r om Zargan Shahar . The pr i nc i pa l vi l l a ge s t a n d s on t h e r i ght bank
of t h e Logar r i ver , whi l s t its haml et s a r e s i t ua t e d on bot h banks.
In t h e vi l l age i t s e l f a r e 100 f ami l i es of Taj i ks and Liasi Khels (a
br anch of t h e Ast anazi Ghi l zai s) . At t ached t o Hisarak are:
4 haml et s of Li a s i Khel s 45 Fami l i es
2 haml et s of Ta j i k s 2 0 a n
1 haml et of Ki z i l ba s hi s 15 l a
3 haml et s of Popa l z a i s 40 t I
( Cl i f f or d, Euan Smi t h)
HISARAK See ISARAK ( 2) . LJ; L
HISARAK KALA-I-SAIADAN dl+ 4 d J L
A vi l l age in Hi sarak di vi s i on, Jal al abad d i s t r i c t , containing 100
h o u s e s of Taj i ks. (McGregor.)
HISARAK RUD +J 4'-
34-22 70-30 G. A t r i but a r y of t h e Kabul r i ver . I t r i s e s near the
f o o t of t h e Papi n p a s s i n t h e Sa f e d Koh and j oi ns t h e Kabul river
near Lachi pur . In its u p p e r r e a c h e s it is known a s t h e Papin, or
Mazina, Dara. I t g i v e s its name t o a s ubdi vi s i on of t h e Jalalabad
d i s t r i c t . (I.B.C.)
HISAR SHAHI O r SHAHI KOT
(+J&) &JL
34-16 70-34 m. A vi l l a ge in t h e Hi sarak di vi s i on of t h e Jalalabad
d i s t r i c t , a bout 6 miles n o r t h e a s t of Mazina. I nhabi t ant s: Dehgans.
( Jenkyns . )
HISHPI
*
35- 69-. A v i l l a g e i n t h e v a l l e y o f Ni j r ao, i nha bi t e d by
"Pashais. " I t is t h e l a r g e s t i n t h e val l ey, and round it ar e numer-
ous o r c h a r d s w e l l s t o c k e d wi t h wal nut , mul berry and pomegranate
t r e e s and vi nes. The mount ai ns r ound a r e cover ed wi t h llchilgoza,n
pi ne and hol l y t r e e s .
Hi s hpi , or I s h p i a s it is somet i mes cal l ed, is sai d t o be 60 miles
from Kabul. (Masson.)
HOTAK
A main d i v i s i o n of t h Turan Ghi l z a i s ( See Volume 5 . )
HOTAK KALA See ATAK
&$-'
*HUJRA
'e
34-27 67-19 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a st r eam, about 5 miles south-
w e s t of Giru i n Bamian pr ovi nce.
&
HUKMAT
33- 6%.
A vi l l age about 16 miles n o r t h e a s t of Gardez, on t he
t h e n c e t o t h e Mirzakai Kotal. I nhabi t ant s Amazai ~ h u z a i s . (I.B.C*)
HURAN KATRA
( T ) J J h ' A P
34- 70-. A l a r g e v i l l a g e i n t h e Hi s ar ak d i v i s i o n , Jal al abadf
cont ai ni ng 2, 000 h o u s e s o f Shi nwar i s . (McGregor. )
HUSAIN
w
35-6 68-59 G. A haml et 13 1/2 miles s o u t h of t h e Kaoshan pa s s ; it - -
l i e s a t t h e j unct i on, f r om t h e w e s t , wi t h t h e Kaoshan g l e n o f t h e
Husain Dara. Up t h i s da r a a t r a c k l e a d s t o Chashma Husai n and ove r
t h e kot a l of same name; it t h e n l e a d s down t h e Tal khak r a vi ne i n t o
t h e Nimakao g l e n whi c h it j oi ns near l y o p p o s i t e t h e mout h of t h e
Zalikan r avi ne. ( Mai t l and .)
HUSAINABAD JLT
A vi l l age in Lag hman. I nha bi t a nt s : Abdul Rahi mzai s. The 0110 wi ng
a r e t h e haml et s it c ont a i ns , vi z:
1. Lamatai Sul ai man Khel 4. Deh- i- Akhunzadagan
2. Wat t apur 5. Kala-i-Umar
3. Bahrabad 6. Banda- i - Sher di l
(Warburton. )
HUSAIN ALI &-
A s ubs e c t i on o f Dai khi t ai Hazaras. ( See Mi l i t ary Re p o r t on Hazara-
j at , P a r t 11.)
*HUSAIN KALA
&mJiy
32-50 68-46 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a bout 6 m i l e s s o u t h of Omna i n
e a s t e r n G hazni pr ovi nce.
*HUSAIN KHEL cL)ir+l)
34-29 69-18 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d e a s t o f Bagrami and s o u t h e a s t o f
Kabul.
*HUSAIN KOT +> ir-L
34-41 69-5 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e Kabul -Chari kar r oa d, a bout
one m i l e s o u t h o f Haji Payk.
*HUSAIN NI KEH a-
31-52 69-15 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e Kundar r i v e r i n s o u t h e a s t -
er n Ghazni pr ovi nc e and near t h e Pa ki s t a n bor de r .
*IBAD KHEL hk ~b
34-55 69-37 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e Tagab r i ve r , a bout 6 miles s o u t h -
e a s t of Nejrab.
IBRAHIM See BURHAN
*IBRAHIM KALA 4 p@\J
32-30 68-13 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d about 3 miles s o u t h of Monarai i n
t h e Katawaz ar ea, G hazni pr ovi nce.
IBRAHIM KHAN &FIR'
34- 69-. A f o r t 3-1/4 miles s o u t h e a s t of t h e s o u t h e a s t ba s t i on o f
Sher pur , and on t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e Kabul r i ver . ~ u r i n g t h e
Br i t i sh oc c upa t i on in 1880 t h i s f o r t was oc c upi e d by hal f a bat -
t a l i on o f i n f a n t r y f o r t h e p r o t e c t i o n o f t h e b r i d g e t h e n
Cons t r uct ed. ( I B ) One pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is near Khwaja
Sar ah a t 34-44 69-6 G. ( LWA)
IDAR KHEL &,4\
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Jal al abad ~i s t r i c t , a bout 7 miles s out h-
west of Bat i kot . I nhabi t ant s : Ti r ai s. ( Jenkyns. )
IKHLASABAD d&T &I
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Besud Di vi si on of t h e Jalalabad dis-
trict. I nhabi t ans: Taj i ks and Arabs. ( Jenkyns. )
I KHTI AR ,'+I
A s e c t i o n of t h e Muhammad Khoja Hazaras.
( See Military Report on
Ha z a r a j a t , P a r t 11.)
* I LDUDAR
r JJ Jl
34-44 66-52 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e Band-i-Amir, some 6 miles
w e s t of Yakawlang in west ern Bamian province.
ILIAS u W'
A small s e c t i o n of t h e J a gha t u Hazaras. ( See Military Report on
Ha z a r a j a t , P a r t 11.)
ILSHAFI
&I
35-16 69-53 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d some 2 miles nor t he a s t of Astana,
near t h e s o u r c e of t h e Panj s hi r r i ver .
ILTIFAT
GuI
34-40 69-8 G. A vi l l a ge 1-1/2 miles s o u t h e a s t of t h e Mama Khatun
Pass. I t is a bout 12 m i l e s nor t h o f Kabul, and by t h e road about
hal f a s much agai n. I t is i nha bi t e d by Taj i ks and Hazaras, and is a
pl a c e of i mpor t ance from its pos i t i on, whi ch wa t c he s t h e road from
t h e Paiminar p a s s i nt o Koh Daman by t h e Mama Khatun pass, a s well as
t h e r oad t o Zimma. (I.B.C.)
I MENDAO
,' 4'
35-8 67-56 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Shekari
r i ver , s o u t h w e s t of Doab-i-Mik h-i-Zarin i n Bamian provi nce.
IMLAK-I-ARBABHA
LpL,' JY.1
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Sur kha b di vi s i on of t h e Jalalabad Dis-
trict. I nhabi t ans: Taj i ks and Dehgans. ( Jenkyns. )
dL: 8%'
IMLAK-I-SHAH1
34- 70-. A vi l l age i n t h e Sur kha b di vi s i on of t h e Jalalabad Dis-
t r i c t . The r e seem t o be t wo vi l l a ge s of t h i s name i n t h e Surkhab,
one of whi ch is i nha bi t e d by Taj i ks, Ghi l zai s, and Dehgans; t he
o t h e r by Taj i ks, Arabs, and Dehgans. ( Jenkyns. )
I NAL (y)Jb
A s ubdi vi s i on of t h e Daya Polada. ( See Military Repor t on Hazara-
j a t , P a r t 11.)
3 *L#
INAYATULLA KHAN
A v i l l a g e i n t h e J a l a l a ba d d i s t r i c t . I n h a b i t a n t s : ~ o h ma n d s *
( Jenkyns . )
INCHU Or UNCHI
rt;'
34-30 69-4 G.
A l a r g e vi l l age i n t h e Cha r de h val l ey of Kabul, 3-1/2
m i l e s w e s t of Deh-i-Morang. I nhabi t ans: Tajiks. TWO hundred
hous e s . The pe opl e a r e empl oyed i n t h e t i mber t r a de chi ef l y, and
br i ng i n beams and pl a nks t o t h e c i t y f o r sal e. (1.B.C.)
k'
I NCHU
35- 6%-
A vi l l age in t h e Kohi st an of Kabul, bet ween ~u l b a h a r and
Parwan.
The r e a r e a bout 200 houe e s i n t h e pl ace, and 20 f or t s are
i nc l ude d i n it.
~n h a b i t a n t s : Taj i ks , who br i ng f i s h ( f r om t h e Panj s hi r r i ve r ) and
game t o t h e Kabul mar ket . (I.B.C.)
INDAKI
34- 69-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Cha r de h val l ey, s i t u a t e d on t h e r i g h t
bank of t h e Kabul r i ve r , a t t h e s o u t h we s t e r n f o o t o f t h e Takht -i -
Shah hi l l , 4 m i l e s s o u t h o f t h e c i t y.
I t is one of t h e mos t i mpor t a nt o f t h e Cha r de h vi l l a ge s , and in-
c l ude s i n t h e t o wn s h i p 16 f o r t s and smal l haml et s. I nha bi t a nt s :
Tajiks. Thi s pl a c e pl ayed an i mpor t a nt p a r t dur i ng t h e i nve s t me nt
of She r pur i n December 1879. (I.B.C.)
INGAN 3
K'\
34- 69-. A Mangal vi l l a ge on t h e n o r t h e r n s l o p e of t h e Lakar ai
pas s , 3 m i l e s f r om t h e crest i n t h e Hi sar ak di r e c t i on. The r oad t o
it from t h e t o p is one l o n g , e a s y d e s c e n t . (Gordon. )
*INJIRAI &'
34-32 69-42 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d near Ganda Khasarai , s ome 6 m i l e s
s out h of Sarobi .
IRAK &$ '$9
34-42 68-6 G. El evat i on 13, 000 (?) f e e t . A p a s s l e a di ng ove r t h e
Koh-i-Baba from t h e Helmand val l ey t o t h a t of Bamian. I t lies a b o u t
7 miles nor t h o f t h e vi l l a ge o f Khar zar , t h e 8 t h s t a g e f r om Kabul on
t h e main r oad t o Mazar-i-Sharif.
Up t o t h e end of 1886 t h e Kabul-Bamian main r oad us e d t o g o ove r t h e
I r ak, b u t it now p a s s e s ove r t h e Hajigak. Bot h t h e s e , howe ve r , a r e
cl os ed i n wi nt er , and t h e n t h e Shi bar r o u t e al one is us e d.
A t 6 miles f r om Kharzar t h e r e is an a s c e n t o f a m i l e t o t h e Kotal.
I t is s t e e p , s o much s o a s t o be d i f f i c u l t f o r camel s, but t h e r oad
is smoot h and good. The s o i l is s o f t , and t h e r e a r e no s t o n e s . Th e
c r e s t of t h e kot a l is t h e boundar y be t we e n Besud and Bamian. The
d e s c e n t is a bout a m i l e and a q u a r t e r l ong, s t e e p and r a t h e r s t o n y ,
and t h e r oad is n o t ve r y good. Some way down t h e r e is a r avi ne on
t h e l e f t , and t h e r oad on t h e e d g e o f t h i s is narrow. The r oad h a s
t o be re-made whe ne ve r g u n s a r e t a ke n ove r it, a s it is al ways
damaged by t h e snow of wi nt er . It is not , howe ve r , d i f f i c u l t f o r
camels when unr e pa i r e d. (I.B.C.)
IRAK See KHUSHKAK
I RAKA d\J
34-16 67-25 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Helmand,
some 2 miles from its c o n f l u e n c e wi t h t h e Helmand.
IRAQ- I -SUFLA & ~ ' 9
34-51 68-2 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y o f t h e Ghor band
ri ver. Two miles s o u t h is a n o t h e r vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name, a t 34-50
68-2 m. Iraq-i-Ulya is a n o t h e r vi l l a ge near by, a t 34-50 68-3 m.
IRGANA See ERGANA
*IRGIN 52
34-23 66-46 M. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d near t h e j unct i on of t wo s t r e a ms
e a s t of Asghar at , i n we s t e r n Bamian pr ovi nce.
IRO MANZIL
&m'
34-24 69-39.
El evat i on 9, 350 f e e t . A p a s s i n t h e Kar kacha r a n g e
l eadi ng from J agdal ak t o Tezi n. The f ol l owi ng is a r e p o r t on t h e
r o u t e b y Li eut enant - Col onel S t e wa r t o f t h e Gui des:
"The t r u e Iro-Manzil r o u t e l e a v e s t h e r oad f r om s u r k h p u l to ~~~d~~~
a b o u t 4 m i l e s b e f o r e r e a c h i n g J a gda l a k, a t a bout 1 mi l e t o the
e a s t wa r d o f t h e J a gda l a k o r Chi s hmakai Kotal.
It t h e n g o e s t hr ough
a mass o f r a vi ne s , and ul t i mat el y a s c e n d s a l ong s p u r whi ch l eads up
t o t h e summi t o f t h e p a s s a b o u t 9, 000 f e e t hi gh. Bet ween s ur khpul
and Tezi n t h i s is t h e mos t d i r e c t r o u t e , and is r e p o r t e d t o be very
e a s y, t h e r oad vi a J a gda l a k, Kata Sang, and Se h Baba bei ng about 11
o r 1 3 m i l e s l onge r .
" ~ r o m ~ a g d a l a k , howe ve r , t h e r e is a n o t h e r e a s y r oad l eadi ng t o t he
1 r o - ~ a n z i l pa s s , and u p t h i s it was t h a t t h e r e c onnoi t r i ng part y of
t h e ~ u i d e s u n d e r t h e command of Li eut enant - Col onel J enki ns , C.B.
we nt on t h e 8 t h November 1879. Leavi ng t h e encampment a t Jagdalak,
t h e p a r t y we nt by t h e vi l l a ge of J a gda l a k, a bout a m i l e t o t h e south
u p a r avi ne. I t t h e n c r o s s e d a p i e c e o f l e v e l pl at eau-l and, and
de s c e nde d i nt o t h e ravine whi ch r uns down t o t h e Jagddlak encamping-
gr ound ( t h e r oad by t h e r a vi ne is r e a l l y t h e s h o r t e r of t h e two); a
s l i g h t a s c e n t u p a nar r ow r a vi ne l e d t o t h e t o p o f a s pur , from
whence was a s h o r t de s c e nt i nt o t h e bed of a stream which runs down
t o t h e village o f Dabali. Here is s i t u a t e d a s m a l l vi l l age called
Walai o c c u p i e d by Ahmad z a i G hi l z a i s who c u l t i v a t e t h e l i t t l e level
l a nd a bout t h e pl ace. Th e r oad now a s c e n d s t h i s nala al most t o i t s
s o u r c e be i ng bounde d on e i t h e r s i d e by h i g h r ounde d s p u r s and hills
o f an a v e r a g e h e i g h t of 100 o r 150 f e e t a bove t h e st r eam, which
t r i c k l e s down t h e whol e way. The s l o p e s of t h e hi l l s a r e covered
wi t h hol l y b u s h e s , and t h e s u r f a c e is s t r e wn wi t h r ounded boulders,
t h e u n d e r strata, e x p o s e d h e r e and t h e r e by t h e c ut t i ng of t he
s t r e a m, be i ng of a s o f t wh i t e s a n d s t o n e .
"To a p o i n t a t t wo - t h i r d s o f t h e d i s t a n c e f r om Jagdal ak t o t he
crest, t h e r oad is u p t h e be d of t h e s t r eam, and ha s a ver y st eady
a s c e n t ; s o much s o t h a t , we r e it n o t f o r t h e boul de r s , a carriage
mi g h t b e dr a wn u p wi t hout d i f f i c u l t y ; b u t t h e bed of t h e stream i s
o n e ma s s o f b o u l d e r s and v e r y d i f f i c u l t wal ki ng f o r i nf ant r y.
"A ter t h i s p o i n t is a s t e e p a s c e n t o f 500 f e e t whi ch zi g- zags up a
s p u r , whi c h t h e n s l o p e s g e n t l y t o t h e summi t o f t h e pass.
The top
o f t h e s p u r is w e l l r o u n d e d , br oa d, and s moot h, havi ng a r i ch, s of t
and r a t h e r f r i a bl e s o i l f r e e of s t o n e s , on whi ch wheat is cul t i vat ed
i n t h e summer mont hs . Th e poor i nha bi t a nt s o f ~ a l a i manage t o reap
some 50 or 60 maunds of wheat from t h e s e hi gh lands.
"The summi t of t h e p a s s is s o l e v e l and s o f t on t h e t o p t h a t horses
c oul d ga l l op wi t h o u t f e a r , t h e e d g e s of t h e r a vi ne s onl y bei ng st eep
and r u g g e d . Water is pr oc ur a bl e c l o s e unde r t h e summit, which is
q u i t e ba r e o f trees, t h e r e be i ng onl y hol l y b u s h e s in t h e s l opes of
t h e r avi nes . Th i s p a r t o f t h e r a n g e was, i n t h e memory of men now
l i vi ng, o n c e c o v e r e d wi t h d e o d a r and o t h e r f i n e trees, which have
be e n all c u t down and bur nt f o r c ha r c oa l , and on t h e hi ghe r port i ons
o f t h e Kar kacha r a n g e t o t h e s o u t h , wh e r e p i n e s a r e y e t pl ent i f ul ,
t h e same d e s t r u c t i o n of trees is now goi ng on, t o s u p p l y charcoal to
t h e i nha bi t a nt s o f Kabul.
"I r o in Pus ht u means a s h e s , e r g o 1ro-Manzil would mean I t h e s t age of
a s he s . ' As h e s may a t some t i m e o r o t h e r have been s t r e wn over t he
h i l l and gi ve n t h e name t o t h e r out e . I t is a pr obabl e derivation*
From t h e summi t is a mos t e x t e n d e d vi ew. Nor t hwa r ds a r e s een t he
l o f t y p e a k s o f t h e Hi ndu Kush and t h e va l l e ys of Tagao and uzbin
s l o p i n g down t o t h e Kabul r i ve r . On t h i s s i d e is t h e village
Sar obai , and on t h e o t h e r s i d e is t h e vi l l a ge of ~ a g h a l u . The river
i t s e l f c a nnot be s e e n a nywhe r e , a s it f l o ws i n d e e p channel s -
Th e whol e o f Laghman is d i s t i n c t l y vi s i bl e , and t o t h e east ward lie'
t h e l ong val l ey o f Jal al abad. To t h e s o u t h a r e t h e low
i n
t he Safed Koh range, t hr ough which Lie t h e Lakara. pass and t h e pass
c a l l e d t h e Kat r u l e a d i n g t o Pe ga i . To t h e w e s t lie t h e w e l l -
cul t i vat ed val l ey of Tezi n, wi t h its s e ve r a l vi l l a ge s , and t h e whol e
of t h e count r y up t o t h e Khurd Kabul hi l l s . A r oad cal l ed t h e
Balutak road l e a di ng t o t h e Chi nar i p a s s is cl ear l y di s t i ngui s ha bl e ,
and t h e Tangi Gharu, whe r e t h e Kabul r i ve r r uns t h r o u g h s t e e p and
l o t y hi l l s .
"From no poi nt i n t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t , can s uc h an e x t e n d e d view
be obt ai ned from e a s t t o west, and f u r t h e r up t h e r a nge t o t h e
s out h, t owa r ds t h e Karkacha r out e , t h e vi ew would be even be t t e r .
"Hisarak, Jagdal ak, and Tezi n a r e a l l wi t hi n e a s y d i s t a n c e of t h i s
commanding pos i t i on, and it would make a mos t s ui t a bl e summer
encampment f o r a smal l body of t r oops , e qui ppe d wi t h c a r r i a ge f o r
t he i r own s uppl i e s , a s from t h e h e i g h t s t h e y would over awe t h e
Ghi l zai s on all s i d e s .
"It coul d onl y be oc c upi e d dur i ng t h e summer mont hs, a s t h e wi nt er
col ds a r e sai d t o be ver y s e ve r e ; even on t h e day of t h e r econnai s-
sance ( 8t h November 1879) , t h e s t r e a ms i n t h e s h a d e were f r oz e n a t 3
in t he afternoon, and t h e wind on t h e t op, coming from t h e westward,
was s o c ut t i ng and col d t h a t one coul d s c a r c e l y s t a nd a ga i ns t it."
(St ewart .)
ISA KHEL &@
33- 69-. A v i l l a g e i n Har i ob, 1 2 miles n o r t h we s t o f t h e
I st i ar Kot al . (Kane.)
ISARAK O r HISARAK
d j L \
35-15 69-28. A d a r a wh i c h j o i n s t h e l e f t ba nk o f t h e Up p e r
Panj shi r, 3-1/2 miles bel ow Bazar ak. I t c o n t a i n s t h e f o l l o wi n g
vi l l ages: Dar Khel a t its mouth; n e x t Dost an Khel or Deh Bi l andi ,
with 20 hous es ; above is Maristan wi t h 80 hous es ; and l a s t l y I s ar ak,
with 20 hous es ; a l l Taj i ks. From t h i s gl e n t h e r e is a d i r e c t r oad
acr os s t h e s p u r s of t h e hi l l s t o t h e Dara Hazara. I t is a good
f oot pat h, but is ha r dl y pr act i cabl e f o r hor s e s . ( Shahzada Taimus.)
ISAUK O r HISARAK dj Ll
33-48 69-47 m. A g r o u p of Chakmani vi l l a ge s on t h e l e f t bank of t h e
Kurram r i ver , about 12 miles w e s t o f Pat hr u. Suppl i e s pr ocur abl e.
The Hakim of Hariob and Chakmani ha s h i s he a dqua r t e r s her e. The
i nhabi t ant s bel ong t o t h e Spi n Gund f a c t i on and a r e t h u s oppos e d i n
pol i t i cs t o t h e nei ghbour i ng Mangals, J aj i s , and Mukbils, who a r e
Tor Gund. They woul d, t h e r e f o r e , pr obabl y be f r i e ndl y t o us.
(Burton.)
ISFIBED +&'
A kot al c r os s e d by t h e Kabul-Hazarajat road about 30 miles west of
Jalrez. (See Military Re por t on Hazarajat, Par t 11.)
*ISF1 DAQ dl, +I
34-20 66-43 G. A vi l l age l ocat ed 6 miles s o u t h we s t of ~ a i Kotal.
ISFI SANG Or SAFED SANG, ISPI SANG
3L+\
35-1 67-50 m. A dar a in t h e west of t h e Besud count r y. ( See
Military Repor t on Hazarajat, Par t 11.) A vi l l age cal l ed 1s Pi Sang
i s l ocat ed in t h i s dara. (LWA)
ISHANHA kbr
35-13 67-46 m.
A vi l l age l ocat ed on t h e Sai ghan r i ver , n o r t h e a s t of
Sa ighan.
ISHKARABAD J&T&\
A s e t t l e me nt of t h e Qar aqul Daghi cl an of Se hpa i Dai Zangi. (See
Military Re por t on Hazaraj at , Par t 11.)
ISHMAILZAI &LA
Sai d t o be a s e c t i o n of t h e Ibrahi m di vi s i on of Ghi l zai s which
El phi ns t one a l s o c a l l s Samalzai, and Lumsden, Shah Memalzai.
ISHPAN Or ASHPAN a&'
34-19 69-54 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d i n Shi r zad d i s t r i c t , about one
m i l e s o u t h of Shai khan i n Nangarhar pr ovi nce.
ISHPI & '
34- 70-. A val l ey 93 miles from Kabul, 30 m i l e s from Farajghan,
cont ai ni ng 3, 000 h o u s e s i n al l . ( See ' Hi shpi . ' ) Water is procured
from a s m a l l st r eam. The nc e t h e r e is a r oad l e a di ng t o Alishang and
Ti rg a r hi. ( Leech .)
* ISHTOY E O r ESHTWI
a+\
35-27 70-56 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e Paron st r eam, some 3 miles
nor t h of Por uns i n t h e Chapa Dara d i s t r i c t .
ISHTURMURDA 4 dP+1
34-46 68-49 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d near Wand on a t r i but ar y of t he
G hor band r i ver .
ISKA
L'
34-31 67-56 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Helmand, 2
m i l e s s o u t h we s t of Sar-i-Is ka i n Bamian pr ovi nce.
I SKA
4s"'
A s ubdi vi s i on of t h e Daya Polada. ( See Military Repor t on Hazara-
j a t , P a r t 11.)
ISKAN (aL) A'
A s e t t l e me nt of t h e Miramur cl an of Se hpa i Dai Zangi. (See Military
Re por t on Hazarajat, Pa r t 11.)
ISKAN &'
A pl ace on t h e Helmand. ( See Military Repor t on Hazarajat, Part
I1 6 )
IS KANDARA I
*&'
A s e c t i o n of J i r g hai Besudi s. ( See Military Repor t on ~ a z a r a j a t ~
P a r t 11.)
ISKANDO
I &'
35-8 70-11 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a pat h over t h e ~uh- i - ~amar ai t
s out heas t of Band01 i n Lag hman pr ovi nce.
I SLAMBAD
( d& %\ ) J&T %'
34-48 70-6 G.
A vi l l age in Laghman, i nhabi t ed by Mixed t r i bes, and
cont ai ni ng t h r e e haml et s, vi z:
1. Hai dar Khani
2. Kal a-i -Fai z Muhamnad Khan
3. Gi r di . (warburton- 1
I SL AMABAD
.q
A vi l l age i n t h e Kunar val l ey, i nha bi t e d by Sayyi ds of Kunar.
It is
small but walled in. a ass on.)
*ISLAM KALA
Llsl
34-30 68-57 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d e a s t of Ar ghandai and about 14
miles west - sout hwest of Kabul.
ISLAM KALA
u l i
A vi l l aqe i n t h e Mukur d i s t r i c t , 60 miles from Ghazni on t h e road t o
. -
-
Quetta. Suppl i e s and f o r a g e a r e abundant . (Campbell.)
ISMAIL
LbL'
A s ubs ect i on of t h e Bacha-i-Ghulam Dai Zangi. ( See Military Repor t
on Hazarajat, Par t 11.)
ISMAIL KALA d&L\
34-37 69-29 m. A small walled vi l l age, 2 m i l e s t o t h e e a s t wa r d of
Bimaru, near Kabul. I nhabi t ant s: Taj i ks. (Kennedy.)
ISMAIL KHEL
A s ect i on of t he Khostwals.
ISPANDI J+'
33-28 68-24 A. A hal t i ng pl ace bet ween Ghazni and Nani on t h e
Kandahar r oad, 7 miles from Ghazni , 7 m i l e s 1 f ur l ong from Nani.
(Gaselee. )
ISPIBED +el
A kot al over t h e Koh-i-Kirg hui , s out h west of Uchak. ( See Military
Report on Hazarajat, Par t 11.)
ISPIBED See ISFIBED +*'
ISPIDAK J U e a@-\
34-22 66-56 G. A vi l l age on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Nal gi s st r eam.
(See Military Repor t on Hazarajat, Par t 11.)
ISPIDAR J*'
33-41 69-1 G. A vi l l age i n t h e nor t he a s t of Kharwar, cont ai ni ng 15
houses of Kharot i s. From he r e a road a s c e n d s t h e r a t h e r s t e e p
ravine in whi ch t h e vi l l age is s i t ua t e d, and f ol l owi ng it a s c e n d s
t h e hi l l s by a d i f f i c u l t y f oot - pat h t o t h e ~ s p i d a r Kotal. Thence
t h e d e s c e n t i nt o t h e Char kh val l ey a f t e r c r os s i ng a s p u r of t h e Koh-
i - ~a l a r is sai d t o be ver y d i f f i c u l t . Thi s pa s s is onl y us ed by
shepher ds and men on foot. (Griesbach.)
ISPIDAR J*'
33- 68-. A vi l l age in t h e s o u t h we s t of Kharwar, i nhabi t ed by 80
families of Ghi l zai s. (Gri esbach. ) Recent maps show t h e s pe l l i ng
Sei dar a t 33-38 68-44. ( LWA)
ISPI DIWAL (See Mi l i t a r y Report on ~ a z a r a j a t , Pa r t 11.)
ISPINGAR, AB-1 6' 4
A t r i but ar y of t h e Helmand. ( ~ i l i t a r y Repor t on ~ a z a r a j a t , Par t
11.)
ISTALIF dLt
A l ar ge vi l l age i n t h e oh Daman, 20 miles nor t h- nor t hwe s t of Kabul.
If is bui l t on t h e s i d e of t h e hi l l s i n t h e form of a pyrami d, t h e
houses r i s i ng one above t h e o t h e r by t e r r a c e s , and t h e whol e bel n9
crowned by t h e magnificent c h i n a s which denot e t h e shri ne of Hazrat
Eshan, wh i l s t f a r bel ow i n a d e e p gl e n r u s h e s a foaming ye t clear
and rapid brook over a bed of r ocky boul ders, on both s i des of which
t h e val l ey is c ove r e d wi t h t h e r i c h e s t or c ha r ds , and vineyards,
Ever y one a g r e e s a s t o t h e beaut y of I s t a l i f . Masson says, "Istalif
is one of t h e mos t p i c t u r e s q u e s p o t s t h a t can be concei ved; an t hat
a nat ur al combi nat i on of be a ut i e s can a c hi e ve w e he r e behold in
pe r f e c t i on; t h e i r e f f e c t bei ng r a t h e r augment ed t ha n diminshed by
t h e r u d e a ppe a r a nc e of t h e h o u s e s of t h e t own.
The s cener y of the
c ount r y is e x t e n s i v e and gr and, i n ha ppy uni son wi t h t h e whole
pi c t ur e . Looki ng down t h e st r eam, t h e da l e gr adual l y opens out and
p r e s e n t s t o t h e e y e a v a s t pl ai n, r i c h i n trees and ver dur e, and
d o t t e d ove r wi t h i nnumer abl e f o r t s ; beyond al l t h i s , r ocky mountains
a r e s e e n, and ove r t h e s e agai n t owe r t h e e t e r n a l snow-clad summit of
t h e Hindu Rush. The s c e n e is a s subl i mel y gr and a s it is beautiful
and e nc ha nt i ng. The pe opl e of t h e c ount r y have a pr over b t hat he
who h a s not s e e n I s t a l i f ha s s e e n not hi ng, and cer t ai nl y it may be
al l owed t h a t h e who h a s s e e n I s t a l i f is not l i ke l y t o see many
pl a c e s t o s u r p a s s it and f ew t o e qua l it." Nearly e ve r y householder
o f I s t a l i f ha s h i s ga r de n or or c ha r d. In most of t h e s e is a tower,
t o whi ch, a s s oon a s t h e f r u i t s r i pe n, t h e f ami l i es r epai r , closing
t h e i r h o u s e s i n t h e t own. The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Taj i ks and, contrary
t o t h e us ual h a b i t s of t h e s e pe opl e a r e among t h e most t ur bul ent set
i n t h e count r y. They have t h e r e put a t i on a l s o of bei ng t h e best
f oot - s ol di e r s i n Af ghani s t an, and are a heal t hy, handsome race,
a l i ke f ond of s p o r t and war. The na t i ve s of Kohi st an gravely s et
down t h e i r t ur bul e nt and d e s p e r a t e c h a r a c t e r s t o t h e i r heat i ng diet
of mul ber r i es, whi ch is t h e i r ge ne r a l f ood. Be s i de s t h e town of
I s t a l i f , t h e d i s t r i c t c ompr i s e s t h e a dj a c e nt vi l l ages of Gudara,
Pargana, Shonaki , Khwaja Hasan, Malla, Hasan, Hasan Kucha, and
Shor awar . The whol e is r e c kone d t o cont ai n t o g e t h e r 3,000 houses,
whi ch would g i v e a popul at i on of from 15, 000 t o 18,000 soul s t o t he
d i s t r i c t . The r evenue from it is s ai d t o amount t o R s . 4,000. A
g r e a t p a r t of t h e popul at i on of t h e t own is of t h e weaver cl ass, and
q u a n t i t i e s of c oa r s e c l o t h s , "l ung is" and "susi " a r e manuf actuaredt
and a t r a d e i n t hem is mai nt ai ned wi t h Tur ki st an.
I s t a l i f was c a r r i e d by a s s a ul t by t h e t r o o p s under t h e command
Major-General Si r J ohn McCaski l l on t h e 29t h Sept ember 1842, and
t ot a l l y d e s t r o y e d on a c c ount of its havi ng har bour ed sever al chi ef s
i mpl i cat ed i n t h e mur der of Si r A. Bur nes a t ~ a b u l , and in t he
massacr e of t h e ga r r i s on of Char i kar . The l o s s of t h e British On
t h i s occasi on was ve r y s l i g h t , onl y a f e w ki l l ed and wounded.
The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Taj i ks, Hassan Khel ~ h i l z a i s , Kizilbashis, and
a bout 50 f ami l i es of Si kh s h o p ke e pe r s . The r e a r e al s o a few fami-
lies of Ri kas. (Masson, Wood, Bur nes, ~ c ~ a s k i l l , 1B.C.)
ISTALIF dtu
34-53 69-1. A p a s s over t h e Paghman r ange.
ft is r eached by a road
f ram t h e v i b g e o f I s t a l i f , whi ch a s c e n d s t h e Makhan Khar Dara to
t h e wa t e r s he d, t h e n c e d e s c e n d i n g t o Si ahgi r d in t h e Ghorband valley
by t h e Fi nduki s t a n Dara. The kot a l is sai d t o be di f f i c ul t , but is
us e d by l aden camel s. (Peacocke. )
I STAMAH
34-46 68-49.
A l a r g e r avi ne dr ai ni ng nor t h from t h e Pag hman range
and de bouc hi ng i nt o t h e G hor band val l ey i mmedi at el y above 0udmi-
Gullan. A pa t h r uns up it t o t h e ~ot al - i - r s t amah f or chari kar; but
it is i mpr act i cabl e f o r l a de n pack animals. (Peacock e.)
* ISTARAB
34-2 67-4 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Helmand, west
- -
of Waras i n s o u t h e r n ~ a mi a n pr ovi nce.
IsTARGHI J
r'+'
34-53 69-6 G. Two adj oi ni ng vi l l a ge s i n t h e Koh Daman of Kabul,
about 6 miles nor t h of I s t a l i f . I nhabi t ant s : Taj i ks. The l and is
hi ghl y c ul t i va t e d, and c e l e br a t e d f o r g r a p e s , and t h e i nha bi t a nt s
ar e not or i ousl y t ur bul ent . (I.B.C.)
&Ll
*ISTAWAI
32-41 69-9 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a pat h from Barmal t o Sar obi i n
paktia pr ovi nce.
ISTIAR Or STYA (L\) ,I+'
33-54 69-50 G. El evat i on 9,700 f e e t . A p a s s i n t h e r a nge f or mi ng
t h e wat er - par t i ng be t we e n t h e Hariob and t h e Kurram val l eys, d i s t a n t
from t h e Paiwar Kotal by a pa t h, about 9 m i l e s , and from A l i Khel 10
miles. The I s t i a r Kotal is t h e mos t not abl e s a d d l e of t h i s r i d g e ;
its r ocky s u r f a c e is al most bar e of trees; t o wa r d s t h e Kurram r i ve r
t h e d e s c e n t is a ppa r e nt l y easy, t h e pa t h f ol l owi ng t h e r i g h t s l o p e
of t h e r avi ne, of whi ch t h e bot t om and s i d e s a r e c ove r e d by a d e n s e
f or es t ; t h e gr ound a t its o u t l e t is more ope n whe r e t h e vi l l age o f
Ghandai is s e e n l yi ng in a c ul t i va t e d pat ch. Beyond is t h e vi l l age
of I s t i ar conceal ed by a pr oj e c t i ng s p u r sai d t o be t wo t o t h r e e
hour s' j our ney on f o o t from t h i s kot al . The s o u t h e r n s l o p e is t h e
s t e e pe r one. (Kane.) Recent maps s how t h e s pe l l i ng St ya, a t 33-51
69-55. ( LWA)
ISTIAR (b') ~b'
33- 69-. A r avi ne r unni ng from t h e I s t i a r pa s s t o t h e pl ai n of t h e
same name and f al l i ng i nt o t h e ~ a r a i a st r eam o p p o s i t e ~ l i ~ h e l a t a
poi nt 1/2 m i l e d i s t a n t from t h e l a t t e r .
This ravi ne, whi ch r uns i n a s o u t h e a s t di r e c t i on, is one of t h e main
r oads used by t h e i nha bi t a nt s of t h e Hariob and A l i Khel f o r commun-
ication wi t h t h e 1stia.r vi l l a ge s and t h e l owe r por t i on of t h e Kurram
valley. The road r uns al ong t h e bed of t h e r avi ne, and is onl y a
well-worn t r ack; no s t e p s have been t a ke n t o i mpr ove it a r t i f i c i a l -
l y, but it is a f a i r hi l l r oad, and a s t h e gr a di e nt up t h e I s t i a r
ravine is s l i g h t (1-1/2 o r 2 d e g r e e s ) , it may be c ons i de r e d a good
road f or l aden animals, bot h camel s and mules. In t h e u p p e r por t i on
t h e road is not s o good a s it is near er t h e mouth of t h e r avi ne, and
it cont i nual l y c r o s s e s and r e c r o s s e s and wi nds from one bank t o t h e
ot her . About a m i l e from t h e poi nt wher e t h e Drakal Algad j oi ns t h e
I st i ar ravi ne t h e r oad p a s s e s bet ween hi gh and r oc ky c l i f f s , and a t
t h i s poi nt t h e r avi ne is not more t ha n 20 t o 30 ya r ds wi de; a t o t h e r
poi nt s t h e aver age wi dt h of t h e val l ey i s about 100 yar ds. About
3/4 of a m i l e from t h e mouth of t h e I s t i a r r avi ne, on t h e s o u t h
bank, is s i t ua t e d t h e r ui ned haml et and t owe r of Baloch Kot whi ch
has been bui l t a t t h e j unct i on of a l a r g e r avi ne whi ch j oi ns t h e
I st i ar from t h e s out h a t t h i s poi nt . From t h i s poi nt a cl ear r us h-
ing stream of good wat er c ont i nue s al ong t h e r emai nder o f t h e
I st i ar , but it di s a ppe a r s i nt o t h e gr ound a t Baloch Kot, and t h e
Port i on near its mouth is dr y.
The I s t i ar i s commanded on bot h s i d e s by hi l l s c ove r e d wi t h d e n s e
f or e s t , of pi ne t r e e s , whi ch would a f f o r d a g r e a t amount of c ove r
bot h t o a f o r c e advanci ng and t o an enemy oppos i ng an advance. The
hi l l s on t h e nor t h s i d e a r e h i g h e r and more pr e c i pi t ous t ha n t h o s e
On t h e s out h, whi ch a r e more undul at i ng and gr adual i n s l ope , but on
both s i d e s t h e h e i g h t s coul d be cr owned and t h e p a s s t h u s r e nde r e d
s e c ur e . The d e n s i t y of t h e pi ne f o r e s t s on bot h s i de s , t h e whole
way al ong t h e nala, is t h e mos t obj ect i onabl e p a r t of t h i s r out e for
military pur poses, and t h e road i t s el f of t en passes t hrough wood and
j ungl e. The r oad coul d wi t h little t r oubl e be made available for
all t h e di s mount ed br a nc he s of t h e s e r vi c e , and f o r l aden camels and
mul es i f e v e r r e qui r e d.
The I s t i a r r avi ne, a t t h e poi nt whe r e t h e Drakal Algad ravine joins
it, is 8,400 f e e t hi gh, and is h e r e r a t h e r wi de r t han a t any other
poi nt ; it c ont i nue s on i n an e a s t e r l y di r e c t i on t o t h e I st i ar Kotal,
whi ch is d i s t a n t a bout 2 mi l e s . (Manners Smith.)
ISTIAR Or STYA (kl) Jk-1
33-51 69-54 m. The names of t wo vi l l a ge s (Bala and Pain), 4 miles
a p a r t i n t h e I s t i a r val l ey. They a r e s ai d t o cont ai n 40 families of
Hasan Khe l J a j i s , a nd 30 f a mi l i e s o f Mangal hams ayahs . (Kane,
Bart on. )
ISUMTUMUR PI
One of t h e main s e c t i o n s of t h e Besud Hazaras.
( See Military Report
on Hazarajat, Pa r t 11.)
*IZA 4 3 \
32-34 69-19 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d near D e Pash Khuneh and the
Paki s t an bor de r i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
JABA qL
34-12 70-39 A. A g r o u p of vi l l a ge s , t h e l a r g e s t of which contains
about 100 hous e s , i n t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t , 9 miles west of Kahi
c a nt onme nt . (I.B.C.)
JABA +
33-39 70-2 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d nor t h w e s t of Jaj i Maidan on t he way
t o Chamkani i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
*JABA KALAI J+?
35-12 71-30 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e Kunar r i ver , about 2 miles
s o u t h of Narai i n Kunar pr ovi nce.
*JABAR O r JABBAR
Jb
32-40 67-41 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d s o u t h e a s t of Ghojan and south of
Gilan i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
*JABAR KALAI
32-8 68-9 m.
A vi l l age l oc a t e d w e s t of Wazakhwa i n s out her n ~ h a z n i
pr ovi nce.
JABAR KHAN ,Ljb
34- 6%. A f o r t i n t h e Cha r de h val l ey, on t h e r i g h t bank of the
Kabul r i ve r , be t we e n I nda ki and Kala-i-Fathu.
he pl ace contains 30
f ami l i es of Taj i ks. (I.B.C.)
J ABAR KHEL A&+
A s e c t i o n o f t h e Ghi l zai t r i b e occupyi ng t h e count r y between t h e
Siah Koh r a nge and t h e Sur kha b r i ve r , and s c a t t e r e d over t h e greater
Por t i on of Laghman.
The f ol l owi ng is a not e on t h e Jabar Khel s of Laghman by captain
Warburt on, wr i t t e n i n 1880:
"we f i r s t de a l wi t h Aziz Khan, head of t h e Jabar ~ h e l Ghilzais-
H i s f a t h e r , Ahmad Khan, was i n t h e s e r v i c e of Wazir Fateh ~ u h a m ~ ~ ~
Khan and s e c ur e d Masti Khel i n l i e u of pay; also Rawat, Gondarzai,
~ d i a b a d , Amnabad, f o r f e e d of h i s hor s e s . A sister of h i s marri ed
~ mi r ~ o s t Muhammad Khan, and t h r o u g h him h e s e c ur e d immense
i nf l uence amongst t h e Ghi l zai s; a l s o t w o t h i r d s of t h e pat er nal
e s t a t e on t h e de a t h of h i s f a t h e r , whi l s t mer el y one- t hi r d went t o
hi s s t e p- br ot he r Karim. The t r a c t of l and i mmedi at el y s out h of t h e
Kabul r i ver , and o p p o s i t e C har bag h, was named a f ter him, ~a t s - i - Az i z
Khan.
"On hi s de a t h h e l e f t s i x s ons , of whom t h e e l d e s t , Niamatulla, was
murdered by Hamid Khan over a qua r r e l a r i s i ng on a c c ount of t h e
di s t r i but i on of t h e pat er nal e s t a t e .
' l ~ t has al ways been a pol i cy of t h e A m i r s of Kabul t o s e c u r e on
t he i r s i d e t h e c h i e f s of t h e Ghi l zai s, t h r o u g h whos e l i m i t s t h e main
road from Kabul t o Gandamak pa s s e s . On t h i s a c c ount Asmatulla, a
younger br ot he r of Niamatulla, was t a ke n i nt o h i g h f avour ; and bei ng
l i ked by t h e l a t e A mi r Sh e r A l i Khan, h e be s t owe d on him t h e title
of Hashmat-ul-Mulk. For s e r v i c e s per f or med a t t h e t a ki ng of Herat ,
he r ecei ved i n jag h i r s Sur k hakan, Khairo-Khel, Gi r di Kats, Kaja-Kats
and Ormur.
"When Sar dar Muhammad Yakub Khan was pl ot t i ng a ga i ns t h i s f a t h e r a t
Herat becaus e Abdulla Jan had been a ppoi nt e d he i r t o t h e Kabul
t hr one, Asmatulla Khan, Arsala Khan, and t h e l a t e ~ i r Akhor , ~ i r
Ahmad, were d e p u t e d by Ami r Sh e r A l i Khan t o Herat, wi t h t h e o b j e c t
of br i ngi ng i n t o Kabul, by e ve r y pr omi se, Sar dar Muhammad Yakub
Khan. Thei r pr omi s es and o a t h s were s u c c e s s f u l ; t h e s on, t r u s t i n g
t o hi s f a t h e r ' s wor d, a ppe a r e d a t Kabul, and was i mmedi at el y c a s t
i nt o pr i son. Whet her Asmatulla Khan s u f f e r e d i n i nf l ue nc e amongs t
hi s peopl e f o r h i s t r e a c he r ous par t i ci pat i on in t h i s a c t , d o e s not
appear. W e f i nd him f i gur i ng n e x t about t h e commencement of t h e
Afghan war of 1878-79, and agai n i n an a c t of t r e a c he r y. Ami r Sh e r
A l i Khan, a f t e r t h e r e p u l s e o f t h e Cha mbe r l a i n mi s s i o n a t A l i
Masjid, was f or c e d t o r eal i s e, i n s p i t e of t h e a s s ur a nc e s of c e r t a i n
of hi s a dvi s e r s , t h a t not ony was it pos s i bl e , b u t ve r y pr obabl e,
f or t h e Br i t i sh t r o o p s t o advance i nt o Af ghani s t an, and a ve nge t h e
i nsul t o f f e r e d t o t h e mi ssi on. H e d i r e c t e d c e r t a i n of t h e Ghi l zai
c h i e f s t o c o l l e c t l o c a l l e v i e s , a nd p r o c e e d wi t h t h e m f o r t h e
de f e nc e of t h e Khaibar. Amongst t hem was Asmatulla, who r e c e i ve d
200 r i f l e s f o r arming h i s men, and s u m of R s . 12, 000 or R s . 14, 000
f or equi ppi ng t hem i n ne c e s s a r i e s . H e was on h i s way from Kabul,
and had reached Seh M a , when he m e t t h e di scomfi t ed t r oops of t h e
A mi r es capi ng from t h e Khaibar and car r yi ng wi t h t hem t h e Jal al abad
arsenal , whi ch had been moved away t o pr e ve nt its f al l i ng i nt o our
hands. H e pr ompt l y a t t a c ke d t hem wi t h h i s Ghi l zai s, s e c ur e d more
r i f l e s and pr ope r t y, and qui e t l y moved o f f t o Kashmund and l o d g e d
hi s gai ns i n t h e ha nds of h i s Hindu banker s. Here h e remai ned till
Amir Sher A l i f l e d t o Mazar-i-Sharif; and Sar dar Yakub Khan had not
f or got t e n e i t h e r of t h e t wo e p i s o d e s ment i oned above; and whi l s t h e
t r eat ed Faiz Muhammad ( who had not onl y a c t e d l oyal l y and br avel y,
but had al s o s u f f e r e d a t h i s f a t h e r ' s ha nds f o r f r i e n d s h i p t owa r ds
him a bout t h e t i m e h e was c a s t i n t o p r i s o n ) wi t h t h e u t mo s t
consi der at i on and r e s p e c t , h e gave t o t h e o t h e r a col d s houl de r .
Vexed a t t h e a t t e nt i on s hown h i s enemy, Asmatulla went back t o
Laghman and s ul ke d f o r a t i me . Hearing t h a t Sar dar Yakub Khan was
t o Gandamak, and had act ual l y r e a c he d Jagdal ak, h e came i n t o
Sir Louis Cavagnari ' s camp j u s t t wo da ys be f or e t h e e x - Ami r a r r i ve d
t here.
"After t h e t r e a t y of Gandamak, Asmatulla r o s e a ga i ns t t h e Governor
Of Laghman, and event ual l y had h i s f o r t s e i z e d and a por t i on of it
bur nt . During December 1879 h e a t t a c ke d our communi cat i ons a t
Jagdalak; and, h i s ga t he r i ng havi ng been br oken u p by Col onel Nor-
man's f or c e h e ha s l e d a wander i ng l i f e e ve r s i nce, and bear s t h e
r e put a t i on amongs t h i s cl ansmen of bei ng a g r e a t l i ar and a notor-
i ous cowar d .I'
(He-Asmatulla Khan-and h i s e l d e s t s on, Muhammad Hisham were ki l l ed
by A mi r Abdur Rahman. Two o t h e r s o n s a r e sai d t o be i n Kafiristan
and t h e f our t h and youngest ,
Abdur Rahman Khan, is with ot her Afghan
r e f u g e e s i n Rawal Pindi.)
" As t h e a c knowl e dge d head of t h e Jabar Khel Ghi l zai s, he has been
made a g r e a t d e a l more of t ha n h i s c ha r a c t e r de s e r ve s . During
November o r December 1879 he, Hamid Khan, Fat eh Muhammad Khan, and
Bahram Khan s wo r e a t t h e z i a r a t of Meht ar Lam t o let t he i r private
f e u d s remain i n abeyance, pe ndi ng t h e t r oubl e s t h a t t he i r country
was unde r goi ng. Hence one saw i n 1880 t h e combi nat i on t h a t was not
i n e x i s t e n c e a t t h e commencement of l a s t year, when General Sir Sam
Br owne' s f o r c e was i n t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t . Fat eh Muhammad Khan
h a s i n Kats-i-Aziz Khan t wo, and Bahram Khan e i g h t , villages,-
Bahram Khan is r eput ed t o exceedi ngl y wealthy.
"Arsala, s on of Muhabat Khan, f i r s t came i nt o not i c e when Sher Ali
Khan, d e f e a t e d a t Shai k habad, was f o r c e d t o t a k e r e f u g e Kandahar,
and Af zal Khan, Azim Khan, and Abdur Rahman had s ecur ed t he i r hold
on Kabul. Arsala f l e d t o Hi sar ak, and s e n t h i s family t o t h e Dara-
i-Ab-i-Zangi. Azim Khan had, a s h i s wazi r, or a ge nt , amongst t he
e a s t e r n Ghi l zai s, Sa r f a r a z Khan Sahakzai , a g r e a t and firm friend of
Arsala, whom h e o f t e n s aved from Azim' s vengeance by t el l i ng him
t h a t Arsala i n r e a l i t y was n o t o p p o s e d t o t h e pa r t y i n power, but
had f l e d t o s a ve h i s own c r e d i t , s i n c e h e was s uppos e d t o belong to
Sh e r Ali's f act i on. Arsala k e p t up a c or r e s ponde nc e with Sher Ali
Khan a t Kandahar, and event ual l y j oi ned him; and when t he Amir
r e t ur ne d from Umballa i n 1869, h e a ppoi nt e d him wazir, and t o t he
char ge of Zunnat, where he amassed consi derabl e wealth. Later on he
was s e n t wi t h As ma t uU Khan and t h e Mir Akhor t o Herat, t o deceive
and br i ng down Sar dar Yakub Khan t o Kabul.
"When Naoroz Khan r o s e i n r ebel l i on a g a i n s t She r ~ l i , t h e ~mi r
d i r e c t e d Shah Murad Khan, Gover nor of Jal al abad, and ~ r s a l a Khan to
pr oc e e d wi t h t r o o p s t o Lal pura, and f o r c e t h e Mohmands i nt o order-
To over awe Lal pur a compl et el y, h e d i r e c t e d a f o r t t o be built a t
Dakka, and t r o o p s per manent l y l oc a t e d t he r e . The cont r act for
bui l di ng t h i s was handed t o Arsala Khan; and h e is sai d t o have made
e nough on it t o bui l d h i s p r e s e n t f o r t , known t o u s a s ~oz a ba d, and
cal l ed by him Kala-i-Arsala Khan. H e di e d i n 1876 or 1877, leaving
f o u r sons--
1. Mazulla Khan 3. Nur Khan
2. Sayyi d Khan 4. Taj Muhamnad Khan
"The f i r s t was i n Hi sarak, and gave e n d l e s s t r oubl e on t he road
be t we e n Sa f e d Sang and Jagdal ak from t h e commencement of ~ecember
1879.
The Jabar Khel s are d i s t r i b u t e d a s f ol l ows :
I n Laghman
Karghai Kamalpur
Dandar Lara Mora
Pol an Negar
Mast-i-Khel
Kala-i-awaz
Khudpu r
Seh-Mahal (1/2)
Lam Ka ts- i-Muhamnad A 1 i Khan
Kaga-Kach Kats-i-Azi z Khan
Shahmangal Ka t s - i - I l i a s
I n Surkhab
Kala-i-Nao
Kala-i-Mokim
Kala-i-Lala
Kala- i-Jamadar
~a z i d- Khe l Deh-i-Saiyidan-i-Arabi
Wat t a p u r Deh-i-Saiyidan.
I n Hi sar ak
Char t ut
Ganji-Khel
~b- i - Zangi
Ghwaghi za
Maruf Khel
Jokan.
(Warburton. )
In 1882 Muhammad Khan was head of t h e Jabar Khel s e c t i o n and i nde e d
of t h e whol e t r i b e of Ghi l zai s.
Of t h e f our s o n s of Arsala Khan, Mazulla Khan j oi ned Abdur Rahman i n
1880, and was f o r some t i m e one of h i s c onf i de nt i a l a dvi s e r s . Subse-
quent l y t h e A mi r pl aced him i n conf i nement , but r e l e a s e d him agai n
i n March 1881, p r e s e n t e d him wi t h a khi l at , and pr omi sed t o make him
gover nor of Zurmat. In s p i t e of t h e s e pr omi s es Mazulla Khan l e f t
Kabul s e c r e t l y and t r i e d t o stir up di s t ur ba nc e s amongs t t h e Ghil-
zais. A t t h e A m i r ' s r e q u e s t h e event ual l y r e t ur ne d t o Kabul, but a s
his brother, Taj Muhammad Khan, and cousin, Muhammad Karim Khan, had
not come in, t h e A mi r agai n i mpr i soned him. H e was r e l e a s e d i n 1882,
and went t o t h e Hisarak count r y. The A mi r agai n t hr e w him t o pr i s on
in 1883. I t is not c l e a r what ha ppe ne d t o Mazulla Khan a f t e r t hi s .
Taj Muhammad commanded t r o o p s i n t h e b a t t l e s f o u g h t by Ayub Khan
agai nst u s , and a f t e r wa r d s accompani ed Ayub t o Per si a. In 1882
Sayyid Khan was a yout h of about 18 year s, and was l i vi ng a t Jalala-
bad. Nur Khan, t h e n a l ad of about 12 year s , was Living a t Arsala
Khan Kala, near Charasi a. (I.B.C.)
*JABAR KHEL &,b
33-5 68-55 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d near Madu Kach, about 10 m i l e s
sout h of Motakhan i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
JABAR-0-MITRANI $'* >k
34-11 70-38 m. A vi l l age c ons i s t i ng of t wo haml et s i n t h e Jal al abad
di s t r i c t , about 5 m i l e s s o u t h we s t of Bat i kot . I nhabi t ant s : Ti r ai s.
(Jenkyns.) Recent maps s how onl y t h e name Metrani. (LWA)
JABIR KALA ( y ) d& ~' e
33- 68-. A vi l l age in t h e uppe r Logar val l ey ( s out he r n di vi s i on) .
Inhabi t ant s: Ast anazi ~ h i l z a i s . In 1880 t h e vi l l age cont ai ned 200
families. ( Cl i f f or d, Euan Smith.) his s houl d pr obabl y be Jabar
Kala, a t 33-32 69-42 G. ( LWA)
JmL-US SARAJ c 'A'&
35-5 69-15. Jabl -us Sar aj is wol eswal i i n Parwan pr ovi nce. The
woleswali compr i s es an ar ea of 194 s qua r e ki l omet er s and ha s an
agr i cul t ur al popul at i on t h a t ha s been es t i mat ed a t from 21,384 t o
27,178. The wol eswal i is bounded in t h e w e s t by Shi nwar, i n t h e
nort h by Salang, i n t h e e a s t by ~ a n j s h i r and Kohi st an, and in t h e
South by Char i kar . Jabl-us Saraj i nc l ude s about 95 vi l l ages , of
which 17 have more t han 500 i nhabi t ant s . Tne vi l l ages a r e l i s t e d i n
t h e PG a s f ol l ows: Mamo Khel, Niazak Khel, Qader Khel, Meyana Guzer ,
Akbar Khel , Qal a- i - Sur kh ( ~a l a - i - Sa r a k ) , Ta gl a r ( Ta gl a ) , Qala-i-
Sahra, Matak, Ashaba-i-Sharif, Deh Bala, Deh Mir Khan, Nur Mohammad
Khan Khel, Chi nkai Ulya, Seh Burja-i-Incho, Bala Deh I ncho, Aghur
Sang I ncho, Qala-i-Safid, Mulla She r Khan, Dinar Khel, Mahmud Khel,
Barut Saz-i-Incho, Fat eh Khan Khel, Chi ngai Suf l a, Tajekan, Meyan
JOY, Hessar, Nasrul l ah Khel, ~ h w a j a Mohammad Khel, Madad Khel,
Malik jan Khel, Munar a- i - ~essar , E s h qabad, Abed Khel, Qader Khel (Bed
Khel), Rasuldad Khel, Zarif Khel (Harif Khel ), Hamza Khel, Haibat
Khel , Khwaj agi , Khan Jan Khel , Sha bda r Khel, Ibrahi m Khel, Luqman
Khel , Akht aj , Ch u q u r Khel , J an Ne s s a r Khel Gul bahar , Nahr-i-Gulba-
h a r , Sa b z Khe l , Pai Mazar-i- Gu l b a h a r , Tu r s a n Khel , ~ u 9 a r - i -
Gul bahar , Mir Khan K he l , Qala-i-Bala ( Gul bahar ) , Sahra-i-Gu1bahar,
Gu z a r Payan, Ez a t Khe l , Bai n Ba g h h a , Abdul Khel , U ~ h t u r g a ~ ,
Shi nwar i , Chawar Khel , Kohna Qala, Sha i kh Al i , Ashr af Khel, MU&
Habib Khel , Azi z Khel , Bahadur Beg Gul bahar , Hamid Khel Gulbahar,
Gul Mirza Khel , Bulaq-i-Gulbahar, Panj ah Khana, Deh Nau, ~ocha- i -
Payan, Sar-i-Bazar, Sa ngi Khel , Kh waja Khel, Mohammad Khan Khel,
Mohammad Khan Khel Gul bahar , She r ul l a h Khel, Baqi Khel, Hashem Khel,
Kaman Gar, Munarah, Qala-i-Bala, Shut ul , Sayed Khel, Incho, Zeba
( zer bi a) , Cha r Burj , Mirza Khel , S u f i Khel , a nd Sayed Khel. (LWA) In
1 9 1 4 J a b l - u s S a r a j wa s d e s c r i b e d a s f o l l o ws : A l a r g e f or t i f i ed
c a nt onme nt now ( 1906) i n c o u r s e o f c o n s t r u c t i o n near Parwan, north
o f Char i kar . I t h a s b e e n d e c i d e d t o bui l d h e r e a c i t a de l , or "arg",
t o c ont a i n a pa l a c e f o r t h e Ami r and q u a r t e r s f o r t h e Ardal t roops,
a s w e l l a s a f o r t i f i e d c a nt onme nt f o r 12, 000 men. Owing t o t he
s c a r c i t y of f u e l i n Kabul t h e A mi r p r o p o s e s t o r emove t h e workshops
f r om Kabul t o Jabl - us Saraj , and t o c o n n e c t t h e t wo pl aces by a
r a i l wa y . (I.B.C.)
JADRAN dl,
33- 69-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e J a j i c ount r y, on t h e r i g h t bank of t he
Karaia s t r e a m and i n t h e d i s t r i c t o f Hariob. (Lumsden.)
JADRAN Or ZADRAN (JJJ-?) "' ~d
A t r i b e i nha bi t i ng t h e e a s t s l o p e s of t h e Sulaiman r ange, eas t of
Zurmat. On t h e n o r t h and e a s t t h e y have t h e Mangals; on t h e north
and west, ~ h i l z a i s ; on t h e e a s t , Khos t and Dawar; s o u t h and east,
t h e ~ a z i r s ; s o u t h and w e s t , t h e Khar ot i s ; and w e s t , t h e Ghilzais.
H O W f a r t h e y e x t e n d down t h e s l o p e s of t h e Sulaiman r ange is not
known, b u t it c e r t a i n l y c a nnot be f a r , a s Broad f o o t s a ys t hey are
c o n f i n e d t o one r i d g e . The y a r e pr obabl y a ve r y s ma Ll t r i be. ~ l p h i n -
s t o n e s a y s t h e i r manner s, etc., r e s e mbl e t h e Wazirs, and Broadfoot,
t h o s e of t h e Khar ot i s , f r om whi c h we mus t i n f e r t h e y are utter
s a va ge s , and, a s El p h i n s t o n e s a y s mor e l i k e mount ai n be a r s t han men.
The y Live i n ve r y s m a l l vi l l a ge s ; s ome of t he m c ul t i va t e t h e l i t t l e
l and t h e y have, b u t t h e y a p p e a r c h i e f l y t o d e p e n d on t h e i r f l ocks
f o r s u b s i s t e n c e . The y l i ve , s ome i n h o u s e s and some i n t ent s . They
a r e g r e a t r obbe r s , and t h e i r c ount r y was f or mer l y a r e f u g e f or bad
c h a r a c t e r s . I t is s a i d t o be ve r y d i f f i c u l t , and one of t he i r f or t s,
Kala Nak, is d e s c r i b e d a s e x c e e d i n g l y s t r o n g . Thei r hi l l s ar e cov-
e r e d wi t h p i n e s i n t h e h i g h e r p a r t s and i n t h e l ower with other
trees. The y g o t o Ga r de z t o sell t h e i r wool and c h e e s e , and ge t in
r e t u r n c l o t h and cor n. The y a p p e a r t o have some i nt e r c our s e with t he
Jajis, and it is p o s s i b l e t h e y may have s ome t hi ng of t h e same orl-
gi n- NO one s a y s wh e t h e r t h e y a r e S h i a h s o r Sunni s, or whet her Per-
s i a n O r Pu s h t u is t h e i r l anguage. The y a r e o f no i mpor t ance what-
e v e r , and onl y i n t h e c a s e of t h e Dawar r o u t e bei ng us ed t o Ghazni
c oul d t h e y e v e r become so. I t may b e not e d t h a t one of t h e Jaji
vi l l a ge s is c a l l e d Jadr an.
Dur i ng t h e t i m e t h e Br i t i s h t r o o p s r emai ned i n Khos t i n 1879, they
were k e p t on t h e q u i vi ve by c o n s t a n t r e p o r t s o f t h e assembl y of t he
t h e n t wo i n d e p e n d e n t tribes. Mangal s and J adr ans , who OCCUPY t he
mO~n t d i n 8 n o r t h we s t and west of t h e d i s t r i c t . Bot h t r i b e s di d come
t o g e t h e r i n c o n s i d e r a b l e number s, b u t pr obabl y, from bei ng alarmed
f o r t he ms e l ve s , t o a c t c h i e f l y on t h e d e f e n s i v e . If t h e Jadr ans had
a ny i nt e nt i on of a t t a c k i n g t h e camp, a s was somet i mes s t at ed,
Were probably de t e r r e d t her ef r om by t h e cav&y reconndssance which
v i s i t e d t h e v i l l a g e s a l ong t h e Jadr an b o r d e r i n January.
In 1882 some de s ul t or y f i g h t i n g t ook pl ace bet ween t h e J adr ans and
t h e Ami r ' s t r oops . I nf or mat i on r e c e i ve d on t h e s u b j e c t was e xt r e me l y
vague, but it a p p e a r s t h a t t h e J a dr a ns were qui c kl y and t hor oughl y
subdued, and t ha t t h r e e Afghan pos t s were af t er war ds est abl i shed in
t he i r count r y. (I.B.C., El phi ns t one, Broad f oot . )
JADRAN ( d J + ) "$4
33-23 69-26. J a d r a n o r Waze J a d r a n is a wo l e s wa l i i n Pa k t i a
province. The wol eswal i c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 427 s qua r e ki l ome t e r s
and has an a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on t h a t ha s been e s t i ma t e d a t from
6,100 t o 18,590. The wol eswal i is bounded i n t h e w e s t by Orma, i n
t h e nor t h by Shawak, Musa Khel and Qalandar, i n t h e e a s t by Nader
Shah Kot and Shamal, and i n t h e s o u t h by Sper ah, Zeluk, and Neka.
Jadran has some 44 vi l l ages , 1 2 o f whi ch have more t ha n 500 i nhabi -
t ant s. The vi l l ages a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows: Ayo Khel, Laka
Tiga Dari-Khel, Sar g oli-i-Sari-Khel, Lota Dari Khel, Ghor ka Khola
Mangat Khel, Bakht Kahol-i-Dari Khel, Tangi Bari, Hawas Khel, M i t i
Dar i khel , A l i Moh' d Khel , Sh a h i d Khe l Kal ai , Shal am Dari -Khel ,
Ghorka Ayo-Khel, Moti (Mita), Khel wat i , Matka (Mastaka), Tsapr una,
Asmani Mozi ( Asmani ) , Kaj akai Mozi ( Zamar ai Ka t s ) , Dar wol Mozi
(Dar w 01) , Pl angi , Kheng Mozi (Khengi ) , Qarya-i-Fa k hr i , St ar Kalai,
Jakhi Karezgai, Kha Khel, Soran, Khan Gul Kot, Shnay Gul Kot ( Shnay
Kotgai), Oji Khel-i-Mozi (Roji Khel ), Abosht ai Mozi (Abok ht i ) , Khal
Khel Mozi, Tor i Khel , Ewaz Khel , So r i Khel , Ka t s k a i Dar i - Khel ,
Kalezha Khola, Spaye Khel, Aboshtai, Sur gor i , and Lota.
*JADRAN KALA % JJS:
33-23 69-5 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on t h e way t o Gar dez, a bout 4 miles
sout h of Zurmat.
J Al? AR ~k
A hal t i ng pl ace, on t h e road from Pannah t o Kala ~ h a r o t i . The r e is a
spr i ng her e. (Broad f oot . )
JAFFAH r \ L t
A s m a l l s e c t i on of t h e Muhammad Khwaja Hazaras. ( See Military Re por t
on Hazarajat, Par t 11)
JAF I R J AN csk ( q 6
34- 69-. A f o r t i n t h e Char deh val l ey of Kabul, be t we e n Aoshar and
Kala-i-Fazil Beg. I nhabi t ant s: about 20 f ami l i es of Gadi Hazaras.
(1.B.C.)
JAFIR KALA &A-
34- 67-. El evat i on 9,600 f e e t . A gr oup of s m a l l f o r t s and vi l l a ge s
at t h e l ower end of t h e Band-i-Amir l a k e s i n t h e Yak Walang di s -
t r i ct . The l a r g e s t f o r t is on t h e l e f t bank of t h e r i ver . The r e a r e
about 70 f a mi l i e s i n a l l , and a l i t t l e c u l t i v a t i o n is c a r r i e d on.
Several eas y r oa ds c onne c t ~ a f ir Kala wi t h t h e Bamian-Yak Walang
road, and a road g o e s nor t h t h r o u g h Dara Yusuf t o Mazar-i-Sharif.
(Maitland.)
JAFRA See SAFRA
JAGDALAK O r JEQIALAY dl&
34-26 69-46 A. El evat i on 5,420 f e e t . A vi l l age on t h e l e f t bank of
t h e etream of t h e same name; it lies on t h e e a s t e r n s l o p e s of t h e
Karkacha r ange, j u s t s out h of t h e e nt r a nc e t o t h e ~ a r i Dara gor ge ;
lt is 47 miles f ram Kabul, and 52 m i l e s from ~a l a l a b a d , by t h e main
road. I t cont ai ns , in conj unct i on wi t h a not he r vi l l age about 3/4
m i l e t o t h e w e s t , some 120 f ami l i es of Ast anazai Ghi l zai s.
the
vi l l age l a n d s a r e khal s a, o r St a t e pr ope r t y, and t h e St at e t akes
h a l f o f t h e a n n u a l p r o d u c e . Th e l a nd is v e r y f e r t i l e and t h e
produce of g r a i n is about f or t y- f ol d.
The r e i s a da k- pos t i n t h e vi l l age, and on a r i d g e about 600 yards
t o t h e nor t h a r e an ol d f o r t , ga r r i s one d by a company of i nfant ry,
and a new sar ai . The wat er - s uppl y of t h e f o r t is obt ai ned from a
small st r eam whi ch j oi ns t h e Jagdal ak st r eam j u s t nor t h of the
vi l l age; t h e wat er is l e d i nt o a t ank i n t h e c e n t r e of t h e f or t by
an a que duc t , and t h e s u p p l y coul d t h e r e f o r e be easi l y c u t of f . The
f o r t lies about 350 ya r ds o f f t h e main r oad, and coul d accommodate
200 i nf a nt r y. The r e is a s qua dr on of caval r y qua r t e r e d in t h e vil-
1 age.
A t Jagdal ak room can be f ound t o encamp about t h r e e battalions of
i nf a nt r y and a r e gi me nt of caval r y, b u t t h e val l ey is very narrow
and cr amped, and u n i t s would have t o be s c a t t e r e d about. Rather more
t ha n a m i l e t o t h e s o u t h , t o wa r d s t h e Jagdal ak Kotal, t h e r e is room
f o r a br i ga de t o encamp, wi t h wat er s u p p l y c l o s e by, s uf f i c i e nt for
5,000 men and animals; t h e r e is a l s o a good s pr i ng f or drinking
wat er i n t h e nala 100 f e e t bel ow t h e f o r t . Supl i e s ar e only avail-
abl e wi t h d i f f i c u l t y and t h e r e is little gr azi ng; f u e l is plentiful.
J u s t t o t h e nor t h of Jagdal ak t h e st r eam e n t e r s t h e famous Jagdalak
( or Bari Dara) de f i l e .
I t i s e n t e r e d i mmedi at el y a f t e r l eavi ng t h e vi l l age of Jagdal ak, and
c ont i nue s f o r 3 1/2 miles al ong t h e bed of t h e st ream. I t is very
narrow and s t ony; it wi nds s e ve r a l times al most a t r i g h t angl es. The
a ve r a ge wi dt h is a bout 40 o r 50 ya r ds , b u t t h e r e a r e t hr e e places
whe r e it is less t ha n 10 f e e t , and i n one it is only 6 f eet . The
al most pe r pe ndi c ul a r c l i f f s on bot h s i d e s a ppe a r a s i f threatening
d e s t r u c t i o n t o t h e t r avel l er . A small pa r t y of armed men would stop
t h e pa s s a ge of any f o r c e whi ch had e n t e r e d it. Thi s di f f i c ul t Pass
is i n some r e p e c t s not unl i ke t h e d e f i l e of t h e "valley of hell"
be t we e n Ne us t a dt and Fr i bur g. Hough f i n i s h e s t h i s account by saying
it was more d i f f i c u l t t ha n a nyt hi ng h e had s e e n in all ~f gha ni s t a n,
a ddi ng nit b e g g a r s des cr i pt i on. " Havelock c a l l s it "anot her t er r i f i c
d e f i l e , t h e r o c k s of whi ch s a i d t o be gr a ni t e and sandst one, are
pi l ed one upon t h e o t h e r i n da r k f r owni ng s t r a t a , sl opi ng down on
e i t h e r s i d e t o wa r d s a mountain r i vul e t f o r whi ch t h e y hardly leave
room t o flow."
The name of t h i s d e f i l e is w e l l known t o hi s t or y, a s t h e s pot where
t h e l a s t r emnant s of t h e Br i t i s h army r e t r e a t i ng from Kabul
in 1842
wer e de s t r oye d. Kay t h u s ge ogr a phi c a l l y de s c r i be s t h e closing
s cene :
"The enemy wer e cr owni ng t h e h e i g h t s ; t h e r e was no possi bi l i t y of
e s c a pe - Shel t on, wi t h a f ew br ave men of t h e rear-guard, faced the
over whel mi ng cr owd of Af ghans wi t h a det er mi ned cour age worthy of
Br i t i s h s o l d i e r s , and f o u g h t h i s way t o Jagdal ak. Almost every inch
of gr ound was c o n t e s t e d . Gal l ant l y di d t h i s little band hold the
enemy i n c h e c k , ke e pi ng t h e f i e r c e cr owd from cl osi ng in upon t h e
column, but s u f f e r i n g t e r r i bl y unde r t h e f i r e of t he i r ' jetailst'
t h e y made t h e i r way a t l a s t t o t h e gr ound wher e t h e advance had
ha l t e d, behi nd some r ui ned w a l l s on a h e i g h t by t h e r oadsi de. Their
comr ades r e c e i ve d t hem wi t h a c he e r . he c h e e r came from a party of
o f f leers ho had e x t e n d e d t he ms e l ve s in l i ne on t h e he i ght t o show
an i mposi ng f r o n t t o t h e i r a s s i l a nt s . he enemy seemed t o increase
i n number and i n dar i ng. They had f ol l owed t h e rear-guard t o Jagda-
l ak, and t h e y now t ook p o s s e s s i o n of t h e h e i g h t s commanding the
pos i t i on of t h e i r vi ct i ms.
''The h o t f i r e of t h e enemy' s ' j e z a i l s ' d r o v e t h e s u r v i v o r s o f t h e
Kabul army t o s e e k s a f e t y be hi nd t h e r ui ne d wal l s near whi c h t h e y
had pos t e d t he ms e l ve s . Wi t hdr awn from t h e e x c i t e me n t o f t h e a c t ua l
conf l i ct , t h e s e wr e t c h e d men now began t o s u f f e r i n a l l t h e i r unen-
durable ext r emes t h e agoni es of hunger and t hi r s t . They scooped up
t h e snow i n t h e i r h a n d s and g r e e d i l y de vour e d it. But it onl y
i ncr eas ed t h e i r t or me nt s . Th e r e was a s t r eam o f p u r e wat er near a t
hand, b u t t h e y coul d n o t a p p r o a c h it wi t h o u t be i ng s t r u c k down by
t h e f i r e of t h e enemy.
"The men l a y down i n t h e snow t o s n a t c h a little br i e f r e p o s e a f t e r
a l ong vi gi l o f t h i r t y hour s , when t h e enemy pour e d i n vol l ey a f t e r
vol l ey upon t h e i r r e s t i n g pl ace, and compel l ed t hem i n wlld c onf u-
si on- - sol di er s and camp-0110 wers agai n h u d d l e d t oge t he r - - t o q u i t
t h e e nc l os ur e i n whi c h t h e y had bi vouacked. I ndi vi dua l sets o f
heroi sm were n o t want i ng at t h i s t i m e t o g i v e s ome t hi ng o f d i g n i t y
even t o t h i s mel anchol y r e t r e a t . A h a n d f u l of t h e 4 4 t h ~ e g i m e n t
he r e made a ga l l a nt r u s h a t t h e enemy and c l e a r e d dl t h e gr ound
be f or e t hem. But t h e little p a r t y was s oon r e c a l l e d t o t h e main
body, whi ch agai n r e t i r e d be hi nd t h e r ui ne d wal l s; and a ga i n t h e
enemy r e t ur ne d t o pour upon t he m t h e d e s t r u c t i v e f i r e of t h e i r
t e r r i b l e ' j e z a i l s .'
" Al l n i g h t l ong and t h r o u g h o u t t h e n e x t da y t h e f o r c e ha l t e d a t
Jagdal ak . "
"It was a bout e i g h t o' c l oc k on t h e e ve ni ng of t h e 1 2 t h t h a t t h e f e w
remaining men, now r e d u c e d t o a bout 120 of t h e 44t h and 25 a r t i l -
l erymen, pr e pa r e d t o r e s ume t h e i r pe r i l ous march. The c u r s e o f
camp- f ol l ower s c l ung t o t hem still. The t eemi ng r abbl e agai n came
huddling agai nst t h e f i ght i ng men; and t h e Af g hans, t aki ng advant age
of t h e c onf us i on, s t o l e i n k n i f e i n hand a mongs t t hem, d e s t r o y i n g
all t h e unarmed men i n t h e i r way, and g l u t t i n g t h e ms e l v e s wi t h
pl under.
"They di d not t h i s t i m e e s c a pe . The s o l d i e r s t ur ne d and ba yone t t e d
t h e pl unde r e r s , and f o u g h t t h e i r way br avel y on. But t h e r e was a
t e r r i bl e f a t e awai t i ng t hem a s t h e y a dva nde d. The J a gda l a k p a s s w a s
be f or e t hem. Th e r oad a s c e n d s be t we e n t h e s t e e p wal l s o f t h i s d a r k
preci pi t ous def i l e, and our wr et ched ment s t r uggl ed on ward, e x posed
t o t h e f i r e o f t h e enemy, till, on near i ng t h e summi t , t h e y came
s udde nl y upon a ba r r i c a de , and were t h r o wn back i n s u r p r i s e and
dismay. The enemy had bl oc ke d u p t h e mout h o f t h e pa s s . Bar r i er s ,
made of b u s h e s and t h e br a nc he s o f trees, o p p o s e d t h e p r o g r e s s o f
t h e column, and t h r e w t h e whol e i n t o i ne xt r i c a bl e c onf us i on. The
camp- f ol l ower s c r owde d upon t h e s o l d i e r s , who, i n s p i t e o f t h e
overwhel mi ng s u p e r i o r i t y of t h e enemy, f o u g h t wi t h a d e s p e r a t e
valour, wor t hy o f a b e t t e r f a t e . The Af gha ns had be e n l yi ng i n wai t
f o r t h e mi ser abl e r emnant o f t h e Br i t i s h army and were now bus y wi t h
t he i r c r ue l kni ve s and t h e i r uner r i ng ' j azai l s. ' Th e mas s acr e was
somet hi ng t e r r i b l e t o cont empl at e. Of f i c e r s , s o l d i e r s , and camp-
f ol l ower s wer e s t r i c k e n down a t t h e f o o t o f t h e bar i cade. A f e w,
s t r ong i n t h e e n e r g y of d e s p e r a t i o n , managed t o s t r u g g l e t h r o u g h it.
Bu t from t h a t t i m e all h o p e was a t an end. The r e had c e a s e d t o b e a
Br i t i sh army,Iu
On t h e occas i on of Sal e' s march t o Jal al abad, t h e Ghi l zai s had
Occupied t h e kot a l o f J agdal ak i n f o r c e , b u t we r e d r i v e n o f f by
t ur ni ng col umns, not , however , b e f o r e w e had l o s t 1 o f f i c e r and 28
men killed, and 4 of f i c e r s and 87 men wounded.
On t h e advance of Pol l oc k' s f o r c e , t h e Ghi l zai s agai n he l d t h e
k o t d , b u t were agai n dr i ve n o f f wi t h compar at i ve e a s e by t ur ni ng
columns, t h o u g h t h e y a r e s ai d t o ha ve been 5, 000 i n number. Our
l o s s on t h i s occas i on was 1 o f f i c e r and 6 men ki l l e d, and 1 o f f i c e r
and 57 men wounded. Recent maps show t h e spel l i ng Jegdalay. Sar-i-
Jagdal ak is l oc a t e d a t 34-24 69-44 m. (LWA)
JAGDALAK KOTAL dl&
34-24 69-44. El evat i on 6,200 f e e t . A p a s s over a s pur of the
Karkacha r ange, its summit l yi ng a bout 3 miles s out he a s t of t h e
vi l l age of J agdal ak. I t is an i mpor t ant s t r a t e g i c a l poi nt , forming
t h e wa t e r s he d be t we e n t h e Kabul and Sur kha b r i v e r s and being the
hi ghe s t point reached by t h e road bet ween Saf ed Sang and Seh &ha,
During t h e s e c ond Af ghan war t h e r e was a small f o r t on t h e kotal
whi ch was usual l y ga r r i s one d by 130 Br i t i s h i nf ant r y; it is now
(1905) i n r ui ns . The wat er - suppl y, whi ch was onl y j us t suf f i ci ent
f o r t h e gar r i s on, was obt ai ned from t wo s p r i n g s about 600 yards t o
t h e s o u t h e a s t of t h e f o r t , and dr i nki ng- wat er from s pr i ngs at t he
f o o t of a r ound coni cal h i l l a bout a m i l e bel ow t h e kot al , known as
"Puddi ng Hi l l . " Thi s h i l l compl et el y commands t h e nor t her n si de of
t h e pa s s , of whi ch a c ons i de r a bl e p a r t can be enf i l aded. Firewood
is obt ai nabl e c l o s e t o t h e f o r t ; g r a s s and s u p p l i e s wi t h di ffi cul t y
from t h e nei g hbour i ng vi l l ages .
In 1880 s i gnal l i ng communi cat i on was mai nt ai ned wi t h Pez wan, Jagda-
l ak and Lataband from a hi l l (7, 050 f e e t ) 1, 500 ya r ds nor t heast of
t h e f o r t ; t h e f o r t i t s e l f was onl y i n d i r e c t communication with
Pezwan. The d e s c e n t from t h e kot dl t o wa r d s Jagdal ak is very steep.
(I .B.C.)
* JAGH ik
33-2 67-2 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d s o u t h of t h e Kuh-i-Dadi i n northern
Ghazni pr ovi nce.
JAGHA I N $'+
34-26 68-35 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Maidan
r i ver , a bout 5 miles s o u t h we s t of Jal r i z.
JAGHATU *
A main s e c t i on f o t h e Hazards. ( See Military Repor t on Hazarajat,
P a r t 11.)
JAGHATU p+
34-48 68-23. J a gha t u is t h e name of an al aqadar i i n Wardak pro-
vi nce- The al aqaddr i c ompr i s e s an ar ea f o 622 s qua r e ki l emet er s and
ha s an a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on whi ch ha s been est i mat ed at about
7,700. The al aqadar i is bounded i n t h e w e s t by Nawar, i n t h e north
by Chak-i-Wardak, i n t h e e a s t by Sayyi dabad, and in t h e south by
J aghat u and Khwaja Omri. J aghat u i n c l u d e s about 107 villages, of
whi ch about s i x have more t ha n 500 i nhabi t ant s . The villages are
l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows: Dahana, Sa da t Khel, Abtala, ~a nz a l
Khel, Mohamad Qul i , Adina, Ri yab- i - ~al an, ~al a- i - Wazi r , Aslam Khe11
Bat awak, Qal a-i -Munar, Ri y a b - i - ~ h u r d , Ghoz i a , ~ a r i k a b - i - ~ u r a n i t
Shai kh Al i , Murad Khan, Khalai, Bed ~ u s h k , ~al a- i - Rabat , Kamal
Se p e r Gin, Abdul Rahim Khel, Mahala, Sabz Sang, ~unj - i - Jaghat u~
Dewalak, Shah But ak, Khudran, Se ~ e h , chashma-i-Kalan, hashm ma-^-
Khurdt Dulana, Kharr, Mardla, Bangi, Zarin Khurd, Sur kh Q01, Lalakit
Kal andeh , Fol ad Beg, Tak i f Tang i, ~ o l p e r a k , Kaj Qa l a - i - ~ b t a l ~ ~
Kohl, Buland Khel, Sadat Sar Band, Mesri Khel, Chopan, La9harir
Kha l i f a Baba Khel , A l i Khel , Al a na - i - ~a l a , ~ l a n a - i - ~ a i n , Akht urn,
Babur Khel, Champarak, Zarin Kalan, Azim Khel, Shi s hak ~ h e l , KOsha-
kip Ma Mah, Pi yadar ah, Delawar ~ h e l , Ld i , Choka, Qala-i-Alim (De
Al am Kali), Nuri Khel, Qol - i - ~a kot (Qulba Kot), Kodi bath (Ka-
day), Mangli, Sal eh Khel, Bocha ~ h e l , Khwaja Ab, Qol, Saleh
Chacha, Abt al a- i - ~hona, Mirza Beg, Mir Khan Khel, ~ a g a i fChe1f
'Fabib Khel, Zarif Khel, Sar Mast Khel, Ler Khan Khel, Ga r d m Mokar
Fa z i l a t , Sh a h n u r u l l a h , Mulla Ha f e z , Si ya h Qol, Hajum, Shi r da gh,
Chakol , Ak ht a r Khel, Chawor chi , Qala-i-Kako, Saydal Khan, Mohammad
Akbar Khan, Kohna Deh- i - Ahangar an, Karez, Qala-i-Halim, Hamzah,
Qala-i-Nau, Se Deh, Gandah Qol, Spi n Qala, Bad Mushak, Ruy Ab-i-
Khurd, Ruy Ab-i-Kalan, Kalan Deh, Akht er Khel, and Barikab.
* JAGHATU ++
33-34 68-11. Jag hat u is a wol eswal i i n Ghazni pr ovi nce. The wol es-
wali c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 1, 265 s qua r e ki l omet er s and ha s an agr i -
c u l t u r a l p o p u l a t i o n t h a t h a s b e e n e s t i ma t e d a t f r om 22, 456 t o
25,212. The wol eswal i is bounded i n t h e nor t h by J a gha t u (Wardak)
and Khwaja O m r i i n t h e e a s t by Ghazni, in t h e s out h by Andar and
Qarabagh, and i n t h e w e s t by Nawar. J a gha t u i nc l ude s about 294
vi l l ages, one of whi ch ha s more t han 500 i nhabi t ant s . Vi l l ages
wi t h over 100 i nha bi t a nt s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows: Adam
Khel, Agar (Agar Kakrak), Ahangaran, Bak ht i yar , Qarya-i-Bubul Gulan,
Bocha Khari Qala, Band -i -Al i , Qala-i-Bed Darah, Bed Shaki , Payendah
Khel, Pira ka Ulya, Patya-i-Rahim Beg, Talk hak-i-Sarab, Tangi, Jaj a,
Chadah, Chalma, Hoj Tarkan, Qarya-i-Haji Khan, Hussai n Khel, Haida-
ra, Khashah, Qarya-i-Khandaq, Khosh Abdal, Kh waja, Khosh Al i , Deh
Ahan-i-Turkan, Deh Ahin, Deh Dawlat, Deb Ramzi, Deh A l i Gul, Deh
Esa, Deh Mulla, Deh Mir khan, Rahim Beg, Qarya-i-Sarban, Sar Bed
(Sobed), Surk h d e h , Sulaiman ( Rashi da) , Sang-i-Zaidah, Seyah Qol
( Kakar ak) , Se ya h Qol ( Tur ka n) , Sayedan-i -Bal k h i (Sadat-i-Balkhi),
Sayda, Shahzadagan, Shamsuddin, Shai k h Aka(Shaik h Gah), Qarya-i-Sher
Khan, Sa f a r Kus ht a Bul bul ( Sa f a r Pu s h t a ) , Tal eb ( Tul l ab) Begum,
Ashur, Moh'd A l i Khan, Al i Khan Khel, Alyat, Faqi r Shah, Qala-i-
Adro waz (Adro Khan), Qala-i-Surk h Hakimabad, Qala-i-Sadat Khan Qala-
i-Sayed Alam, Qala-i-S hams h e r , Qala-i-Karim, Qala-i-Mulla, Qala-i-
Nazar Qayaq, Qal andar, Qul Janan, Zaman Khel, Qala-i-Moh'd Khan,
Qol - i - Ji na, Qol-i-Bayan, Qol - i - Shor ah, Qol -i -Gurg, Qarya-i-Moh ' d
Kazim Khan, Qarya-i-Kochi, Gosha-i-Turkan, Gosha-i-Jurmtu, Kohna
Deh, Kula Khel-i-Waez, Kula Khel-i-Ulya, Gadol i -Shamsher, Gandab-i-
Suf l a, Qarya-i-Lali, Deh Lalandar, I l yas, Mama, Musa Khel, (Kakra k) ,
Mohmand, Nau Deh (Qarya-i-Yusuf), Nekzai, Qarya-i-Wali Moh'd Khan,
Qar ya- i - Haf t Asayab, Hut a ( Qa ya q) , Qarya-i -Lag h a r i , Kula Khel -i -
Suf l a, and Seh Qala.
JAGHURI d k
A main s e c t i on of t h e Haaras. ( See Military Repor t of Hazarajat,
Pa r t 11.)
JAGHOR I C(D+
33-8 67-27. J aghor i is a wol eswal i i n Ghazni pr ovi nce. t h e woleswa-
li compr i s es an ar ea of 1, 855 s qua r e ki l omet er s and has an agr i cul -
t ur al popul at i on t h a t has been es t i mat ed a t from 35,136 t o 39,565.
The wol eswal i is bounded i n t h e e a s t by Qarabagh and Muqor, in t h e
s out h by Gilan, Shahj ui and Arghandab, in t h e w e s t by Malestan, and
i n t h e nor t h by Nawar. J a ghor i has some 127 vi l l ages , of whi ch
about 70 have over 500 i nhabi t ant s . The vi l l ages a r e l i s t e d i n t h e
PG a s f ol l ows: Asiyab Khurd, So k ht a, Hashem Bak ht , Alqoy-i-Haider,
Gaw Murdah, Kamarak-i-Almeto, Ulum-i-Qada Bu Sai d, Abudal, Gunbad-i-
Angur i , Cha ka , Baba Qol, Meta Baba, Baba Kamal Bagh- i - Ahangar ,
Shai kh Chagho, Darwishan, Murgh Lana, Sabz Sang, Beg Bari k, Paye
Julga-i-Loman, Paye Julga-i-Haider, Tabarg hanak-i-Mirdad, Tabarg ha-
nak Wa Khwaja A l i , Qambar Jala, Chob-i-Bu Sai d, Che l Baghtu-i-Oqi,
Qala-i-K han, K hak Bada-i-Pusht-i-Bum, Mirza Khel-i-Da w ud, Barga-i-
Dawlat Shah, Deh Murda-i-Gulzar, Zirak, Sabz Chob-i-Sufla, Zangab,
Sabz Sang-i-Haider, Sar-i-Loman, Tarmala, Sang- i - S ha nda , Sang- i -
Masha, Toghi , Chambar, Dolana, Nau-Deh, Deh Ghol i , Amaliyat, Pus ht -
i - Chob, Kata Sa ng, Sa ng- i - Sur a kh, Sa r Q0l - i - Jal a, Asp-i-Khwaja,
Dolana, Toghi , Mirtani Sang, Manga, A l i Sai d Ahmad, Shah Khwaja-i-
Loman, Sha s h Par, Shug hl a, Shar-i -Zahi dah, Ul y a - To - i - ~h ~d ~i d ~d ,
Bat or, Qarah, Qalandari, QOghzar , Gardan, Goshai-i-Safed Rish-i-sang
Masha, Khundel Qash-i-Sang-i-Masha, Ghuj or , Gula Beg-i-Baba, ~i r o- i -
Baba, Tilom-i-Baba, Maska, Soya Allahyar, C hob-i-Khush k, Tab Qawas-
i - Sar ab, K h a r Kas, Ambul aq, Dala, Qa r i , Dang Rozi-i-Allah Yar,
Ghar i b Rah-i-Allah Yar, Miyana Loman, Mu haj er i n- i - Bu- Sai d, Allah
Dad-i-Ud-Qul, Geran Sang, Hicha, Takht ak, Darwaz Qul, Mawla ad-i-
Si yah Zamin, Lak h s hak Haid er, Sar Qol-i-Jala, Sang-i-Surak h, Jawda-
ri, Sabz Chob-i-Ulya, Qash Hajat Kh waja-Ali-i-Sabz Chob, Qash Muqam,
Mamadak, Si yah Zamin, Joy-i-Sultan, Sur kh Ab, Geran Sang, Sabqal,
Mitar Khel, Wakil Khel, Razi, Sok hta-i-Qalandari, Beg, Khudaidad,
Qarah Qul, L a b Khel, Khar Tezak, Mitar Khel-i-Haji Bini, Tam Khel,
Chob Jumak, Deltamur-i-Dawud, Maidan-i-Pata w, Bini Barik, Qotaq-i-
Bala, Belaw Dawud, Aza-i-Kula Beg, Namak Dawlat Shah, Aqel Beg-i-Ud
Qul, Tabqus-i-Allahyar, Qena Pat a w, Su k-i-Pata w, Karez-i-Patau-i-Sar
~ o l , Khwa Buta, Qotaq-i-Pain, Dam Joy-i-Shah Dawlat, Abroshan, Ta-
qul , Sar Sadi q, Sang J oye, Seh Paya, Qal t ar Ghoy-i-Haider, Qumagh-i-
Hai der, Fat o, and Ghaj or.
*JAHANGIR KALAI J5db
32-41 67-46 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d e a s t o f Jabbar and s out h of Mukur
in Ghazni pr ovi nce.
*JAHAffiIR KOT 4 Sbc
33-19 69-10 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d 3 miles s out h of Shahi Kot in
Pak t i a pr ovi nce.
J AHAN NUMA
k"b
34- 70-. A c ol l e c t i on of vi l l a ge s f or mi ng a subur b on t h e north
and w e s t of t h e t own of Jal al abad. They a r e f our i n number, viz.:
1. Kala-i-Ali Khel
2. Kala-i-Babari
3. Kala-i-Arbabha
4. Kala-i-Fazal Beg
The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Taj i ks, Mughal s, Kashi mi ri s and Arabs. (Jen-
kyns . )
35-19 69-9 m.
A vi l l age l oc a t e d on t h e Koklam st r eam, e a s t of the
Salang t unnel .
J A J A H eU
A l oc a l i t y i n t h e c ount r y of t h e Muhammad Khwaja Hazaras. (See
Military Re por t on Hazarajat, Par t 11.)
JAJI &
A t r i b e i nhabi t i ng t h e val l ey of t h e Hariob ( a f f l ue nt of t h e ~urram)
and o f its t r i b u t a r i e s , t h e Karai a a n d Ha z a r d a r a k h t r i vul et st
s t r e t c h i n g from t h e Palwar p a s s t o near t h a t of s h u t u r Gardan. The y
a r e es t i mat ed a t about 5,000 f ami l i es and di vi de d i nt o numerous
smal l er s e c t i ons ; t h e r e a r e 8 di vi s i ons , cal l ed "wands," as fa1-
lows:--1, Lehwani; 2, Ada Khel ( t r i be of t h e c h i e f ) ; 3, Petla, wh i c h
is c oupl e d wi t h t h e Al l i semgeh; 4, Ahmad Khel, who combine with t he
mya n Khel; 5, A Khel; 6 , Jamu Khel; 7, ~ u s a i n Khel; and 0.
Ahmad Khel, I t is sai d t h a t t h e Jaj i s and Tur i s a r e des cended from a
common a nc e s t or , and j udgi ng from t h e si mi l ar i t y bet ween t he t wo
wi b e s , Donald t h i n k s t h i s is not a t al l unl i kel y; but while t he
Jayis a r e of t h e Sunni sect, t h e Tur i s hol d Shi ah tenets. A t t he
same t i m e it is a ve r y usual t h i n g i n Kurram and its nei ghbour hood
t o f i nd t wo b r o t h e r s , one of whom is a Sunni and t h e o t h e r a Shi ah.
The Jaj i s make e x c e l l e n t l abour er s , and aLl t h e bui l di ngs in t h e
Kurram s t a t i on o f Para Chi nar have been made by them. A s a t r i b e
t h e y a r e gr e a t l y weakened by i nt e r na l f e u d s , and most of t h e i r
vi l l ages a r e di vi de d a c c or di ngl y i nt o numerous s e p a r a t e p a r t s t o
s u i t t h e s e f a c t i ons , whi l e r i val t owe r s s h o o t up s i d e by s i d e i n
ever y di r ect i on.
The hous e s of t h e j aj i s a r e of pecul i ar c ons t r uc t i on, whi ch is
i ndi cat i ve of t h e l i f e of c ont e nt i on t h e y l ead. Each hous e is a
de t a c he d t enement bui l t i n a s qua r e form. In t h e c e n t r e of one s i d e
is t h e e nt r a nc e by a l a r g e door of s t o u t pi ne pl ant s , whi ch a r e
o f t e n c l os e l y s t u d d e d wi t h br oad mushroom-headed nai l s. The f l oor ,
whi ch oc c upi e s t h e whol e of t h e i nt e r i or s pa c e , is sunk a little
below t h e l e ve l of t h e gr ound out s i de . The w a l l s a r e bui l t of
unhewn s t o n e s , cement ed t o g e t h e r by a pl a s t e r of cl ay and c h o p p e d
st r aw and rise 2 o r 3 f e e t above t h e l e ve l of t h e f l a t r oof , whi ch
dur i ng f i ne we a t he r is t h e r e s o r t of t h e family, who h e r e bas k i n
t h e sun and per f or m t h e i r t o i l e t t e i n its geni al warmth.
The r oof communi cat es wi t h t h e i nt e r i or of t h e hous e by a t r ap- door
and l a dde r . The l a t t e r is f or med of a f i r pol e not c he d a t i nt e r va l s
and f i xe d i n a s l ant i ng pos i t i on bet ween t h e t r ap- door and t h e
f l oor . The i nt e r i or of t h e hous e is an open s p a c e t h a t s h e l t e r s t h e
e nt i r e family, t h e i r c a t t l e , poul t r y, etc., and c ont a i ns a l s o s t o r e s
of wood, gr ai n, and f o d d e r ; f o r t h e J aj i s a r e l i abl e t o f r e q u e n t
bl ocades, not onl y by t h e i r enemi es, b u t by t h e snow a l s o whi ch
somet i mes, it is s a i d, c ove r s t h e gr ound t o a g r e a t d e p t h . The
walls a l l r ound a r e pi e r c e d wi t h a series of a p e r t u r e s , i n t wo o r
t h r e e r ows, near t h e uppe r par t . The s e s e r v e t h e t h r e e f o l d p u r p o s e
of vent i l at or s , chi mneys, and l oop- hol es f o r s hoot i ng t hr ough. In
some of t h e hous e s ga l l e r i e s r un round t h e wal l s i ns i de , and a r e
used f o r t h e s h e l t e r of t h e family, and s t or i ng f o d d e r , wood, gr ai n,
etc. , wh i l s t t h e s p a c e on t h e g r o u n d f l o o r is a l l o t t e d t o t h e
cat t l e, goa t s , mul es, etc. The J aj i s a r e a ver y pr ol i f i c r ace, i f
one may j udge from t h e number of c hi l dr e n t o be s e e n about e ve r y
vi l l age but t h e y have bar el y cul t ur abl e l and s u f f i c i e n t t o pr oduc e
s ubs i s t e nc e f o r t hem; wheat , bar l ey, rice and pe a s a r e pr oduc e d from
t h e i r r i ga t e d l ands , b u t t h e i r c hi e f s t o c k is goat . Timber, f ue l ,
and f o d d e r a r e abundant , and some pr ovi s i ons a r e e x p o r t e d t o Kabul,
t o whi ch t h e y a l s o s e nd some pl a nks of pi ne about 6 o r 7 f e e t l ong.
Some honey a l s o is e x p o r t e d , e s pe c i a l l y from t h e vi l l age of Rakian.
The J aj i s wear t h e l ungi or t ur ban, and Bellew, who saw t hem i n
t h e i r own homes, s a ys t h e y a r e most l y d r e s s e d in l oos e s h i r t s and
t r ous e r s of c ot t on dye d bl ue, and over one s houl de r t h e y c a r r y a
mat chl ock wi t h a f or ke d r e s t , whi l s t from t h e o t h e r d e p e n d s a ga i ns t
t h e back a l a r g e c i r c u l a r s h i e l d o f c a me l ' s o r b u f f a l o ' s h i d e ;
around t h e i r wai st a r e s us pe nde d by l e a t h e r s t r a p s t h r e e or f o u r
Powder - f l asks of uncur ed s h e e p s ki n, t o g e t h e r wi t h a h o s t of o t h e r
Par apher nal i a bel ongi ng t o t h e mat chl ock, s uc h a s t i n d e r box, f l i n t
and steel, hammer, pi c ke r . Thos e not armed wi t h t h e r i f l e car r y an
Afghan k n i f e ( chur a) . They wear t h e i r hai r l ong. Thei r s k i n s a r e
tinged a de e p brown colour from const ant exposur e t o t h e soot y smoke
of t h e pine-wood t h e y u s e a s f uel , ai ded by t h e i r aver s i on t o t h e
u s e of col d water. The s e peopl e, a s t h e i r d r e s s and dwe l l i ngs
i ndi cat e, a r e ver y poor , and de pe nd f o r s u p p o r t e nt i r e l y on t h e
Pr oduce of t h e i r c a t t l e and c r ops . They br e e d, however , number s of
mul e s , whi ch a r e much es t eemed and gr e a t l y in demand a t Kabul. The
Jaj i s have, or had, a bl ood f e ud wi t h t h e Turi s. When Lumsden' s
mission pa s s e d t h r o u g h t h e i r c ount r y i t was wi t h t h e g r e a t e s t d i f f i -
cul t y t h e y wer e pr e ve nt e d from a t t a c ki ng it. Bel l ew' s d e s c r i p t i o n
o f t h e s c e n e o f e x c i t e me n t whi c h o c c u r r e d on t h i s occasi on is as
f 01 l ows :
"Of t h e i r pr oxi mi t y, i n d e e d , t h e r e was no d o u b t , f o r w e hear
t h e s o u n d s o f t h e i r dr ums ( ' nagar a' ) and p i p e s (' surnai' ). ~h~
s ound of t h e l a t t e r v e r y much r e s e mbl e d t h a t o f t h e Sc ot c h bagpipe,
Th e s e s o u n d s r ol l e d a l ong f r om val l ey t o val l ey, and seemed to
a c q u i r e f r e s h i mp e t u s f r om e a c h p r o j e c t i n g s p u r and oppos i ng hiU,
wh i l s t t h e l oud and s h r i l l ye l l s , i n t o whi c h t h e J a j i s b u r s t every
now and t h e n , were e c h o e d al ong i n t h e same way, and t ol d us of t he
e x c i t e d s t a t e o f t h e t r i b e s . Be f o r e o u r pa r t y, he a de d by t h e of f i -
c e r s o f t h e mi s s i on, had f a i r l y e me r ge d f r om t h e f o r e s t s bordering
t h e summi t o f t h e hi l l , o u r r oad was o b s t r u c t e d by a par t y of some
f i f t y o r mor e J a j i s , who wi t h ' Chur a' ( Af ghan kni f e ) i n hand, were
c a p e r i n g a bout and g e s t i c u l a t i n g i n a wi l d f a s h i o n t o t h e exci t i ng
n o t e s o f a war-song c h a n t e d by t h e l e a d e r s o f t h e band, and in t he
chor us of whi ch t h e whole par t y joined wi t h a sonor ous l ~oh- ho, ~ h -
ha' r e p e a t e d s e v e r a l t i m e s i n a d e e p b a s s voi ce, and f ol l owed by a
pe c ul i a r s h r i l l ye l l , d u r i n g whi c h t h e a c t o r s l e a p t about l i ke mad
men ove r t h e i nt e r ve ni ng r o c k s , till t h e y a p p r o a c h e d our advancing
pa r t y t o wi t hi n 8 o r 1 0 y a r d s , and e qua l l y wonde r f ul was t h e agility
wi t h which t h e Jaj i s bounded about from r ock t o r ock up t h e faces of
t h e h i l l wi t h t h e ease and ni mbl e ne s s o f monkeys. A f ew hundred
y a r d s l owe r down t h e hi l l w e were m e t by a si mi l ar t hough larger
p a r t y of Jajis, among whom were s e v e r a l ar med wi t h t h e l ong Afghan
r i f l e , o r ' j e z a i l . '
" W e were d i s t u r b e d d u r i n g t h e whol e d a y unt i l n i g h t f a l l by t hese
vi l l ai nous J a j i s who, wi t h war - s ongs and da nc e s , accompani ed by a
c o n s t a n t be a t i ng o f dr ums , wor ke d t h e ms e l v e s up t o a pi t ch of
e x c i t e me n t ba r e l y r e s t r a i na bl e , t h e i r s c a t t e r e d p a r t i e s on t h e hill
t o p s ar ound f ol l owi ng e a c h o t h e r i n a s u c c e s i o n of de f i a nt shout s
and ye l l s , and s u c h l i k e e x h i b i t i o n s o f hos t i l i t y.
"Thei r war - dance was a mos t e x c i t i n g pe r f or ma nc e , and a s f ar as I
could make o u t from wat chi ng t h e pr oceedi ngs of a crowd occupying an
emi nence, s ome 300 y a r d s o f f , was c o n d u c t e d s omewhat in t hi s fa-
s hi on; some d o z e n o r f i f t e e n men o f t h e i r number, a f t e r di vest i ng
t h e ms e l v e s o f t h e i r r i f l e s , s h i e l d sf etc., uncover ed t he i r heads,
and t i e d t h e ' pagr i , ' o r t ur ba n r ound t h e wai st ; each man then
u n s h e a t h e d h i s ' chur a, ' and t o o k h i s pl a c e wi t h h i s fel l ow, t he
whol e t o g e t h e r f or mi ng a circle. They t h e n commenced chant i ng a
s o n g , f l o u r i s h i n g t h e i r k n i v e s o v e r h e a d , and s t ampi ng on t h e ground
t o its n o t e s , and t h e n e a c h gr a dua l l y r e vol vi ng, t h e whole body
movi ng r ound t o g e t h e r and mai nt ai ni ng t h e circle in whi ch t he y f i r s t
St ood up. Whi l s t t h i s was goi ng on, t wo of t h e pa r t y s t e ppe d into
t h e c e n t r e of t h e r i ng and we nt t h r o u g h a mi mi c f i g h t , or a seri es
of j umps, p i r o u e t t e s , and o t h e r movement s of a l i k e nat ur e, which
a p p e a r e d t o b e r e g u l a t e d in t h e i r r a p i d i t y by t h e measure of t he
musi c, f o r t o wa r d s t h e c l o s e of t h e pe r f or ma nc e t h e s i ngi ng ceased,
and t h e whol e pa r t y a p p e a r e d t wi r l i ng and t wi s t i n g about in a con-
f u s e d mass, a mi d s t t h e f l a s h i n g s of t h e i r dr awn kni ve s , t he i r move-
me nt s bei ng t i med t o t h e r a p i d r o l l of t h e i r dr ums. I t was wonder-
f u l t h e y d i d n o t wound e a c h o t h e r i n t h e s e i nt r i c a t e and
e v o l u t i o n s wi t h u n s h e a t h e d kni ve s . On t h e concl us i on o f t h e dancer
t h e whol e pa r t y set u p a s h r i l l and pr ol onge d ye l l t h a t reverberated
ove r t h e hi l l s , and was c a u g h t u p by t h o s e on t h e nei ghbouri ng
h e i g h t s and t h u s pr ol onge d f o r some mi nut es . ( The Tur i s perform a
s i mi l a r dance--Donald.)
"Whi l st all t h i s was goi ng on upon t h e h e i g h t s ar ound our
Se ve r a l p a r t i e s o f ar med J a j i s r a nge d i n
col umns, t h r e e Or ' Our
a b r e a s t and e i g h t or ni ne d e e p , f ol l owe d e a c h o t h e r in succession
r ound and r ound t h e s k i r t s o r o u r camp, all t h e time chanting an
i mpr es s i ve and pa s s i ona t e war-song i n a ver y pecul i ar s onor ous t one
t h a t seemed t o be a f f e c t e d by t h e a c ous t i c i nf l ue nc e s of t h e l ocal i -
t y, whi ch, a s al r eady ment i oned, was a d e e p basi n e nc l os e d f o r t h e
most pa r t by bar e and r oc ky emi nences and hi l l s. Thi s e f f e c t was
most marked i n t h e c h o r u s ' Woh-ho, Ah-ha,' t h e sl owl y r e pe a t e d
syl l abl es of whi ch were e c hoe d back i n a cont i nuous and c o n f u s e d
r ever ber at i on of rumbl i ng noi se. A t t h e concl usi on of t h e war-song,
t he y a l l l e a p t si mul t aneousl y i nt o t h e ai r , and on agai n a l i ght i ng
on t e r r a fi rma, t h e whol e pa r t y t o g e t h e r t ook a l eap, or s k i p ,
f or war ds , a t t h e t i m e yel l i ng and scr eami ng l i k e f i e nds . The e x -
c i t e d apear ance of t h e s e men and t h e wild a n t i c s t h e y per f or med a r e
har dl y cr edi bl e. "
The Jaj i c ount r y can be e nt e r e d from t h e Logar by t h e Sh u t u r Gardan
pa s s and p e r h a p s o t h e r s ; from Zurmat t h r o u g h t h e Mangal count r y;
from Kabul by t h e Ghar i gi r oad; from t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t by a
road l eadi ng from Marki Khel, s out h of Gandamak; and from Kurram
e i t h e r by t h e Paiwar Kotal or t h e bed of t h e Kurram and Chamkani.
(Bellew, Donald, I.B.C.)
*JAJI (ALI KHEL) jc
33-56 69-43. J aj i ( A l i Khel) is a wol eswal i i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
The wol eswal i c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 617 s qua r e ki l omet er s and ha s an
agr i cul t ur al popul at i on t h a t ha s been es t i mat ed a t from 27,852 t o
31,526. The wol eswal i is bounded i n t h e w e s t and nor t h by Azro, i n
t h e nor t he a s t by Shi r zad, in t h e e a s t by t h e St a t e of Paki st an, and
i n t h e s out h by Dareh Darang, Chamkani, Hasan Khel, and Sayed Karam.
Jaj i has some 47 vi l l ages , 25 of whi ch have more t ha n 500 i nhabi t -
ant s. The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d in t h e PG a s f ol l ows: Kharmana,
Kotkai, Kuz Shaga ( Shege) , Bar She ga ( Shegai Ulya), Sor ani Khel,
Meri Khel, Kats kai ( Kat saki ) , Mina Khel, Roqiyan (Oqyan), Qarya-i-
Mulla Fat eh, Hasan Ulgada (Hasan Laka), Deray Kholay, Al i Khel,
Khwazi Khel ( Khozi khel ) , Ghonzai Ahmad Khel, Bayan Khel, A l i Sangi ,
Pet l a, Khar shat al , Bar Bela wat (Bela wat-i-Ulya) , Mir Khel, Sor Gul,
Ahmad Khel-i-Safed Koh, Gul Ghondi , Kotgai, Shar i f Kalai, Lar Bela-
wat (Belawat-i-Payan), Zadran Kalai, La1 Lewanai (Lewan Khel ), Khwa-
Z i Khel (Khwaja Khel), Jono Mandai, Choryan, Jabar Khel, Bar et s
Khel, Shah Mohamad, Ter i Kona, Tsaparai , Ghogosai , Khalwati, Badali
Mangal, Kata Sa ng, I s t i y a , Maram, Oba kht i , Hot a ki , So y e Kalai,
Mosin, Lar Bozi, and Jelam-i-Sharif .
JAJI MAIDAN J+$c
33-37 70-7 m. ~ a j i Maidan is a wol eswal i i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce. The
woleswali c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 395 s qua r e ki l omet er s and ha s an
agr i cul t ur al popul at i on t h a t ha s been es t i mat ed a t from 7, 737 t o
18,628. The wol eswal i is bounded i n t h e w e s t by Dand-wa-Patan and
Jani Khel, in t h e s out h by Bak, and in t h e e a s t and nor t h by t h e
St a t e of Paki st an. Jaj i Maidan ha s some 74 vi l l ages , 5 of whi ch
have more t han 500 i nhabi t ant s . The vi l l ages a r e l i s t e d in t h e PG
a s f ol l ows: Skandar ah, Aka Kahol, Derai Mela, I nzar Pela, Bagina,
Hasan Khel, Kor kor i ( ~ o k a r i ) , Shamtai ( Shamshai ) , Bedad Kalai, Jaba-
i-Ulgada, Landai Rogha, Chughan, Shai khan, Smut kai ( Sat kai ) , I s t e r
Kalai ( St e r Kal ai ), Sa r r a Pel a ( Sar Pe l a ) , Sha we ya , Sp a i War zah,
Hashim Khel-i-Dani, Taghar i , A l i Sangi , Qazi Tangai, Manjo, Zhel
Pan, Sami Kalai, Hesar Kalai, Shagai , Bar Abbas Khel (Abass Khel ),
Suwaki, Ghaza Ghundai , Sur Watakai, A t a Khel, Wazgarai, Khal Kot,
Kotkai Ul gadah, Sr o Kalai, Khan Kalai, Kochukan, Bari Qala (Bori
Mughol Khel), Gu l i Kalai, Pas s Kalai, Muchai Kalai, Kama Ghunzai ,
Tayak i (Asl-i-Tayak i) , Mand i t a (Mandata), Bo karai , C hen gai , Borrai,
Miya Khun J aba, Wala Kal ai (Wal a), Munzi Zani Khel , Kot i Kal ai ,
Has him Khel-iQala-i-Mug hol - Khel , Hashi m Kalai, Bar Kalai-Hashim,
~ a z a r i Kamar, Oga, Sa r a Ni s a r a , L o t i Kal ai , Ti y a k i z a i Kalai, Pir
Mila, Ta khi Koy Kalai, Dedar Kot kai , Loya Ghonzai , Jaba Dani, Khel-
wa t i Kal ai , Ko r t s o Kal ai , Na n g r o s i Kal ai , Na n g r o s i Bagh Kalai,
Ka t s ki Kalai, Almawrizai Kalai, De s hi Payl i Kalai, Mazrin Kats, K~~
Kalai-Abbas Khel , Bar Kalai Moghul Khel , Bar Kalai, and ~ot kai - i -
~ o g h u l Khel. (LWA) I n 1914 t h e a r e a was d e s c r i b e d a s follows: A
c o l l e c t i o n o f vi l l a ge s on t h e r o u t e f r om Hazir Pi r i n t o Khost. This
r o u t e g o e s ove r t h e Duni p a s s t o Yakubi. ( Col l et t , I.B.C.)
J A J I THANA ~ ; \ j &k
33-30 69-58. A s m a l l s q u a r e f o r t wi t h t wo t o we r s f l anki ng it, but
commanded i t s e l f by h i l l s on a l l s i d e s . It is 5 miles from Dredkda
u p t h e Ha z a r a da r kht d e f i l e , on t h e r oad t o t h e Sh u t u r Gardan.
(Col-
l et t .)
JAROUL &I'+
34-44 68-2 m. Th e r e a p p e a r t o b e t wo smal l d a r a s o f t h i s name which
dr a i n t o t h e Kalu Glen i n t h e Bamian d i s t r i c t , i nha bi t e d by Darghai
Hazaras. ( Ami r Khan.) Th e r e a r e a l s o t wo vi l l a ge s , one a t t he
a bove l oc a t i on, t h e o t h e r a t 34-40 68-2 m. (LWA)
JALALA d%
35-6 71-23 G. A s m a l l vi l l a ge on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Kunar river,
6 miles a bove Asmar. J u s t bel ow t h e vi l l a ge t h e r oad from Asmar up
t h e Kunar val l ey c r o s s e s t h e r i v e r by a b r i d g e , t h e abut ment s of
whi c h a r e w e l l a bove t h e s t r eam on t h e l ow r o c k y c l i f f s which here
bound t h e r i ve r ; t h e b r i d g e is t h u s pr obabl y a per manent one, and is
n o t wa s he d away by t h e s p r i n g f l o o d s . Th e r oadway is about 3 or 4
f e e t wi de; h o r s e s and unl aden mul es can be l e d a c r o s s it, i f quiet,
b u t it is i mpos s i bl e f o r camel s. (I.B.C.)
JALALABAD (DISTRICT) JLTJS
34-26 70-28 m. Th i s d i s t r i c t is now p a r t of Nangarhar province.
S e e Nangar ha r and Ning r ahar . (LWA) Bounda r i e s - ge ne r a l descr i p-
t i on: t h e d i s t r i c t o f Jal al abad is a bout 80 miles l ong from east to
w e s t , and on an a v e r a g e 35 m i l e s br oad f r om nor t h t o s out h. To t he
e a s t it e x t e n d s t o t h e we s t e r n e n d o f t h e Khaibar pa s s and t o t he
Bazar val l ey. On t h e s o u t h it is bounde d by t h e Sa f e d Koh ranges.
Th e we s t e r n boundar y is a l o f t y s p u r from t h e Sa f e d Koh, called
Kar kacha, b e t we e n t h e va l l e ys o f Gandamak and Jagdal ak. The Rarka-
c h a r a nge , a f t e r r unni ng n o r t h wa r d s t o t h e l a t i t u d e of Jagdal ak~
t u r n s e a s t wa r d s and f or ms t h e n o r t h e r n boundar y o f t h e ~a l da ba d
d i s t r i c t ( s e p a r a t i n g it f r om Laghman) t o t h e poi nt where t h e Kabul
r i v e r e n t e r s t h e pl ai n. The e a s t e r n por t i on of t h e ~ a r k a c h a range
is us ual l y known by the name o f Si ah Koh. The remaining northern
boundar y Of t h e district is d e f i n e d by t h e l ow hi l l s nor t h of Besud
t o t h e Kunar, and by t h e Mohmand hi l l s * from t h e Kunar valley to
Lal pur a.
T h e g e n e r a l s u r f a c e o f t h e d i s t r i c t is d i v e r s i f i e d by l ong spurs
t h r o wn o u t by t h e Sa f e d #oh i n a n o r t h e r l y di r e c t i on reachi ng to
wi t hi n a f e w miles o f t h e Kabul r i ve r ; and by t wo s h o r t isolated
r a n g e s of hi l l s- one t o t h e s o u t h of Ambar Khana; and t h e other
r unni ng from Mi Boghan t o Lachi pur . The Kabul r i ve r e nt e r s t h e
d i s t r i c t a t Dar unt a- t he e a s t e r n t er mi nat i on of t h e Siah Koh range-
and f l o ws i n an e a s t e r l y d i r e c t i o n t h r o u g h t h e whol e di st r i ct r
di vi di ng it i n t o t wo pa r t s . Tha t t o t h e nor t h is a narrow strip
b e t we e n t h e r i ve r and t h e mount ai ns, c a l l e d Bes ud, t o t h e west of
t h e Kunar r i ve r , and Kama t o t h e e a s t of t h a t r i ve r up t o t h e point
wher e t h e mountains come down cl os e t o t h e Kabul river.
Eastwad
t h i s poi nt wh e r e t h e mount ai ns come down c l o s e t o t h e Kabul river*
East war d of t h i s p o i n t lie Gos ht a and Chi knaur . Sout h o f t h e Kabul
r i ver t h e d i s t r i c t o f Jal al abad may b e d e s c r i b e d a s an i r r e gul a r ,
u n d u l a t i n g t r a c t , e n c l o s i n g a f e w s ma l l pl ai ns , e.g., Jal al abad,
Char deh, Pe s h Bolak, Bat i kot , etc., c ove r e d wi t h low, ba r e s t o n y
hi l l s , and i n t e r s e c t e d by numer ous s t r e a ms i s s u i n g f or m t h e Sa f e d
oh, and flowing t owar ds t h e Kabul river. These st r eams depend upon
t h e mel t i ng snow f o r t h e i r s u p p l y o f wat er , and s omet i mes r un
e nt i r e l y dr y.
The Sur khab, whi ch rises i n t h e Sa f e d Koh and f l o ws al ong t h e e a s t -
er n and s o u t h e r n f o o t of t h e Kar kacha and Si ah Koh r a n g e s is a
c ons i de r a bl e st r eam. When i n f l ood, its wa t e r s a r e o f a b r i g h t r e d
col our , whe nc e its name o f " r ed" r i ver . On t h e l e f t bank of t h e
Kabul r i ve r t h e onl y t r i but a r y wor t hy of ment i on is t h e r i ve r of
Kunar, whi c h j oi ns a t a p o i n t 4 miles bel ow Jal al abad, wi t h a vol ume
of wat er whi c h is pr obabl y n o t less t h a n t h a t o f t h e Kabul r i ve r
i t s e l f .
The pr i nc i pa l streams t h a t i n t e r s e c t t h e d i s t r i c t s o u t h of t h e Kabul
r i ve r a r e --Gandamak, Karasu, Chapr i ar , Hi sar ak, Kot, and Mohmand o r
Mahman Dara.
The d i s t r i c t of Jal al abad is t h u s s e e n t o be e n t i r e l y s ur r ounde d by
mount ai ns. The vi ew from t h e t own of Jal al abad i n t h e wi nt e r is
ver y f i ne , i n wha t e ve r d i r e c t i o n t h e e y e is t ur ne d. Most i mp r e s s i v e
is t h e s p l e n d i d r a n g e o f t h e Sa f e d Koh, t owe r i ng t o a h e i g h t o f
15, 000 f e e t , and f or mi ng a ma gni f i c e nt wall of snow be t we e n Kurram
and Jalalabad. Due nor t h, a t a d i s t a n c e of a bout 20 m i l e s , rises
t h e massi ve mount ai n o f Kund--about 14, 000 f e e t h i g h , ove r l ooki ng
t h e whol e of Kaf i r i s t an, and t h e head of whi c h, it is f a bl e d, was
t h e r est i ng p h c e of Noah' s ar k a f t e r t h e del uge. Beyond Laghman t o
t h e n o r t h we s t some g l i t t e r i n g p e a k s o f t h e Hi ndu Kush a r e v i s i b l e
and t o t h e n o r t h e a s t s t r e t c h e s away a r ol l i ng s e a o f mount ai ns
t owa r ds Bajaur and Kunar.
The s o u t h e r n por t i on of t h e d i s t r i c t , l yi ng al ong t h e s k i r t s o f t h e
Saf eh Koh, is popul ar l y known by t h e name o f Nangar har o r Ni ngr ahar
( t h e p r e s e n t name o f t h e pr ovi nc e LWA).
The el evat i on of t h e i nha bi t e d p a r t s of t h e d i s t r i c t va r i e s f r om
about 6, 500 f e e t t o 1, 250 f e e t ; Jal al abad i t s e l f is 1, 950 f e e t ,
Gandamak is 4, 500 f e e t . Dakka is 1, 300 f e e t , whi l e h i g h u p on t h e
s p u r s o f t h e Si ah Koh and Sa f e d Koh a r e vi l l a ge s s i t u a t e d a t an
a l t i t u d e o f ove r 6, 000 f e e t .
Two main r o a d s t r a v e r s e t h e d i s t r i c t from e a s t t o w e s t , f or mi ng
por t i ons of t h e main l i n e o f communi cat i on be t we e n Pes hawar and
Kabul. One r u n s from Dakka al ong t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Kabul r i ve r
t o Jal al abad; f r om Jal al abad one br anch g o e s s o u t h we s t u p t h e Sur-
khab val l ey t o Gandamak, whi l e a n o t h e r c o n t i n u e s al ong Kabul r i ve r
t h r o u g h t h e Darunt a hi l l s . The o t h e r main r oad l e a v e s t h a t j u s t
ment i oned a t Basawal, and r u n s t h e n c e al most d u e w e s t t o Gandamak.
Both t h e above a r e good camel - r oads, and would r e q u i r e little work
t o r e nde r t hem pa s s a bl e by wheel ed t r a f f i c .
From Jal al abad r o a d s r un s o u t h wa r d s u p t h e va l l e ys o f t h e va r i ous
s t r e a ms r unni ng down from t h e Sa f e d Koh, and c r o s s t h e l a t t e r by
s e ve r a l d i f f i c u l t p a s s e s ; whi l e t o t h e nor t h r o a d s l e a d u p t h e Kunar
val l ey and, c r o s s i n g t h e Kabul r i ve r a t t h e l owe r end of t h e Darunt a
gor ge , i nt o Laghman and Kaf i r i st an.
Jalalabad is ge ne r a l l y s u p p o s e d t o b e t h e Nysa o f Arrian, and Vi gne
("Personal Narrat i ve, " 232) woul d, c ons e que nt l y, i d e n t i f y t h e Sa f e d
Koh wi t h Mount Meros. The moder n name of t h e d i s t r i c t and t own is
from Jal al uddi n, one of t h e names of t h e Emper or Akbar, by whos e
di r e c t i on t h e t own was bui l t i n 1570.
Subdi vi s i ons o f t h e di st r i ct . - - Accor di ng t o J e n k y n s ( 1879) , t h e
d i s t r i c t of Jal al abad is di vi de d i nt o t h e 0110 wing subdi vi si ons: - -
(1) Khugi ani , whi c h o c c u p i e s t h e s o u t h we s t e r n cor ner of the
d i s t r i c t , and is i nha bi t e d a l mos t e n t i r e l y by t h e t r i b e of Khugia-
n i s .
(2) Sur kha b, on b o t h b a n k s of t h e Sur kha b st r eam, and includ-
i ng t h e t own o f Jal al abad.
(3) ~ a s h k o t , whi c h is popul a r l y known a s Besud.
I t comprises
a l l t h a t p o r t i o n o f t h e d i s t r i c t whi c h lies n o r t h o f t h e Kabul river
and w e s t of t h e Kunar r i ve r .
( 4 ) Kama, t h e p o r t i o n o f t h e d i s t r i c t n o r t h o f t h e Kabul
r i ve r , e a s t of t h e Kunar r i ve r , as f a r a s Chi knaur .
(5) Cha pr i a r , t h e c o u n t r y wa t e r e d by t h e Chapr i ar stream,
e x c e p t i n g a f e w v i l l a g e s at t h e he a d o f t h e s t r eam, whi ch are at-
t a c h e d t o Khugi ani .
(6) ~ i s a r a k , whi c h a d j o i n s t h e Hi sar ak st r eam. The head of
t h i s s t r eam is o c c u p i e d b y t h e Mandozai Shi nwar i s .
( 7) Kot, t h e s u b d i v i s i o n o c c u p i e d by t h e Ti r ahi t r i be. It is
wa t e r e d by t h e Kot s t r eam.
(8) ohm and (Mahman) Dara, whi c h i n c l u d e s t h e sout heast er n
c o r n e r o f t h e d i s t r i c t .
F u r t h e r d e t a i l s o f t h e a bove are gi ve n unde r t h e i r r e s pe c t i ve head-
i ngs .
Cl i mat e. Th e cl i mat e o f t h e pl a i ns o f Jal al abad bear s a general
r e s e mbl a nc e t o t h a t o f Peshawar . Af t e r t h e S i k h s t ook Peshawar from
t h e Af gha ns , Jal al abad, on a c c o u n t o f t h e mi l dne s s of its climate
compar ed wi t h t h a t o f Kabul, was t h e f a v o u r i t e wi nt er r es i dence of
t h e Kabul r u l e r s . But f o r t wo mont hs i n t h e summer t h e heat on the
pl a i ns is e x c e s s i v e . Th e wi de s t o n y wa s t e o r " da s ht " of Batikot i s
d r e a d e d f r om a p e s t i l e n t i a l wind or si moon whi ch bl ows over it in
t h e hot weat her.
Rain us ual l y f a l l s i n mode r a t e q u a n t i t i e s i n t h e mont hs of December,
Januar y, and Febr uar y. Snow r a r e l y, i f e ve r , f a l l s on t h e plains
e a s t o f Gandamak. Duri ng t h e wi nt e r , f r om November t o May, t h e wind
s t e a d i l y bl ows f r om t h e west, o f t e n br i ngi ng vi ol e nt and disagree-
a bl e s t o r ms o f d u s t . The w e s t wind is ge ne r a l l y t h e rain-bringing
wind.
A s t h e s p r i n g c r o p is g e t t i n g r i p e , t h i s wind f r e q u e n t l y causes much
l o s s by shaki ng and bendi ng down t h e heavy ears of grain.
Thi s wind bl ows most sever el y in t h e immediate neighbourhood of the
t own o f Jal al abad, whi c h may, p e r h a p s , b e a t t r i but a bl e t o t h e situa-
t i on and c o n f i g u r a t i o n of t h e Si ah Koh r a n g e t o t h e west. From May
to November t h e wind bl ows from t h e east.
The valleys of t h e Saf ed Koh and t h e h e i g h t s of Gandamak afford cool
and h e a l t h y r e t r e a t s i n t h e h o t t e s t we a t he r .
Th e unhe a l t hy s e a s o n in Jal al abad, a s i n t h e Punjab, is autumn*
Fe v e r s are ve r y common. Small-pox annual l y c a r r i e s o f f l a r ge numbers
o f c hi l dr e n. Vacci nat i on is unknown, b u t t h e nat i ve method
i nnocul at i on is p r a c t i s e d . I n t h e h o t s e a s o n e y e d i s e a s e s ar e fre-
quen t.
Chol er a is a s f a mi l i a r a s i t is i n I ndi a .
Duri ng wi nt e r shocks of e a r t hqua ke a r e o f t e n f e l t .
I nha bi t a nt s . The i n h a b i t a n t s o f Jal al abad bel ong t o vari ous tribes
and r a c e s .
Kama, Chi knaur , and Lal pur a are mos t l y oc c upi e d by t h e Khwaezai and
Baezai Mohmand; b u t numer ous smal l communi t i es of Arabs, Dehqans'
Taj i ks , Sai yi ds , Pi r achas , Hi ndki s , Lodi as, etc, a r e al so found in
t h i s p a r t of t h e district. Cr os s i ng t h e Kunar i n t o ~ e s u d . we f i nd a
v e r y mi xed popul a t i on o f Arabs, Dehgans , and Taj i ks. On t h e western
s i d e o f t h e d i s t r i c t w e come upon t h e g r e a t ~ h i l z a i t r i be* The
s t r i p of Count r y be t we e n t h e Su r k h a b and t h e Si ah K0h and
mo u n t a i n s is mo s t l y i n t h e h a n d s o f t h e Ghi l z e i s . The y have
e nc r oa c he d upon t h e l a n d s o f t h e Khugi ani s w e s t of Gandamak, and
vi l l a ge s , e g ., Hi sar ak, J okan, etc., f or me r l y i n p o s s e s s i o n
of t h e ~ h u g i a n i s , a r e now he l d by t h e Ghi l zai s. The y a r e a l s o f ound
s c a t t e r e d i n o t h e r p a r t s o f t h e d i s t r i c t . They be l ong c h i e f l y t o t h e
Jabar Khel and Babakar Khel s e c t i o n s o f t h e t r i be .
The whol e o f t h e s o u t h we s t e r n c o r n e r o f t h e d i s t r i c t is oc c upi e d by
t h e ~ h u g i a n i t r i be .
East of t h e Khugi ani s come t h e Shi nwa r i s , who i nha bi t t h e whol e o f
t h e s k i r t s o f t h e Sa f e d Koh t o t h e e a s t e r n l i m i t of t h e d i s t r i c t .
The c e n t r a l por t i on o f t h e d i s t r i c t al ong t h e r i g h t bank of t h e
Kabul r i ve r , i nc l udi ng Dak ka, Hazarnao, Basawal, Cha r de h, etc. is
oc c upi e d by Mohmands o f t h e same s e c t i o n s a s t h o s e on t h e o p p o s i t e
s i d e o f t h e r i v e r . Mos t o f t h e Kot d i v i s i o n is i n h a b i t e d b y a
pecul i ar t r i b e cal l ed Ti r a hi s , who were e x pe l l e d from Ti r ah by t h e
Af r i di s and Or akzai s. They s p e a k a pe c ul i a r l a ngua ge i n t h e i r homes,
whi ch seems t o b e o f Sa n s k r i t or i gi n.
The i nha bi t a nt s o f t h e Sur kha b val l ey a r e mos t l y Taj i ks. In t h e
Chapr i ar and t h e Hi sar ak d i v i s i o n s t h e popul at i on is mi xed, cont ai n-
i ng Mohmands, Dehgans, Shi nwar i s , Taj i ks, Sayyi ds , etc., etc. The
Taj i ks i nvar i abl y s p e a k t h e Per s i an l a ngua ge , and are d e v o t e d t o
a gr i c ul t ur e .
The o t h e r r a c e s , a s a rule, s p e a k Pus ht u, but some o f t he m, a s h a s
been s t a t e d , have pe c ul i a r d i a l e c t s of t h e i r own.
A f ew Hi ndus a r e f ound i n e ve r y l a r g e vi l l age. In Bal abagh t h e y f or m
a c ons i de r a bl e community. Ot he r t r i b e s , e.g., Ri kas, Arabs, etc.,
a r e f ound h e r e and t h e r e . Re s pe c t i ng t h e s e and t h e o t h e r r a c e s and
t r i be s ment i oned, f u r t h e r i n or mat i on is gi ve n unde r t h e i r own
headi ngs .
A c l a s s of p e o p l e cal l ed ~ u c h i s d e s e r v e s e p a r a t e ment i on. The word
"Kuchi ' l i t e r a l l y means a p e r s o n who mi gr a t e s , and it is a p p l i e d t o
al l t h e nomadi c t r i b e s who v i s i t t h i s d i s t r i c t i n t h e wi nt er , and
remove t o c o l d e r c l i ma t e s i n t h e summer. Amongst t h e Kuchi s a r e
f ound Arabs, Mohmands, Ghi l zai s, etc. The Arabs and Nomad Ghi l zai s
br i ng t h e i r f l o c k s of camel s and s h e e p down t o t h e Jal al abad pl a i ns
t o gr a z e dur i ng t h e wi nt er , b u t r emove t o t h e h i l l s t o wa r d s Kabul i n
t h e summer. Some of t h e Kuchi s l i v e i n t e n t s , o t h e r s have per manent
hous es . They a r e pur e l y pa s t or a l i n t h e i r p u r s u i t s , k e e p i n g l a r g e
f l o c k s of s h e e p , goa t s , and camel s. They a r e r e a dy t o t a k e c a r r yi ng
c ont r a c t s , and were l a r g e l y empl oyed a s c a r r i e r s dur i ng t h e l a s t
Afghan war.
Pr i nci pal t owns and o t h e r pl a c e s of not e. -The d i s t r i c t o f Jal al -
abad c ont a i ns no t own of not e. The c a p i t a l i t s e l f is a mi ser abl e,
squal i d pl ace, and, wi t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f t h e Amir' s new pal ace,
P o s s e s s e s not a s i n g l e e d i f i c e of any a r c h i t e c t u r a l pr e t e ns i ons .
Some vi l l a ge s ha ve a l oc a l c e l e b r i t y a s bei ng t h e r e s t i n g - p l a c e s o f
not ed s a i nt s . Amongst t h e s e is A l i Boghan, whi ch c ont a i ns t h e s h r i n e
of Mian A l i , whe r e l u n a t i c s and de me nt e d p e r s o n s a r e c ur e d of t h e i r
malady. A t Bat i kot is t h e z i a r a t of Akhund Musa, whi c h is f amous f o r
t h e c ur e o f s nake- bi t e.
Papin has t h e s hr i ne of Akhund Y a r Muhammad.
Akhund Abdul l ah - a c e l e br a t e d s a i n t - rests i n Kama.
Ot her vi l l a ge s have r e c e i ve d a name from t h e be a ut i f ul r oyal g a r d e n s
t h a t us ed t o a dor n t hem. Of t h e s e t h e ga r de n a t Nimla was cele-
br at ed. I t was made by t h e Emper or Babar. N i m l a is f u r t h e r not e d a s
t h e s c e n e of Shah Shuj a ' s f i na l d e f e a t a t t h e h a n d s o f h i s b r o t h e r ,
Shah Mahmud, i n 1809.
Sever al vi l l a ge s and l oc a l i t i e s p o s s e s g r e a t a r c ha e l ogi c a l i n t e r e s t ;
but t o t h e s e f u r t h e r al l us i on w i l l b e made i n a s u b s e q u e n t para-
gr aph.
Tr ade and manuf act ur es. Si l k
worms a r e r e a r e d i n t h e Khugiani divi-
s i on, and, t o a less e x t e n t , i n Chapr i ar . A t Kailagu, i n Khugiani,
t h e r e a r e some s i l k f a c t o r i e s , whe r e s i l k e n s t u f f s , e.g., gulbadan
dar yai , kanawez, etc, a r e made and e x p o r t e d ; but , wi t h t ha t excep-
t i on, t h e r e a r e no manuf act ur es wor t hy of mention.
I r on and whe a t i n moder at e q u a n t i t i e s a r e i mpor t ed from Bajaur.
Sal t comes u p from t h e Kohat s a l t mi nes.
Pomegranates and ot he r f r ui t s from t h e Khugiani country are exported
i n l a r g e qua nt i t i e s .
Gol d- washi ng is c a r r i e d on a t t h e mout hs of t h e Kunar and Laghman
r i ve r s , and a t Bahrabad on t h e Kabul r i ve r , b u t is not very remuner-
a t i v e .
El phi ns t one ment i ons t h e e x i s t e n c e of l ead- mi nes in t h e Shinwari
count r y, and t h e r e is an unwor ked r uby mine near Jagdal ak.
Ra f t s of wood a r e f l oa t e d down t h e Kunar r i ve r t o Peshawar, but the
wood of t h e Sa f e d Koh is t o o d i s t a n t t o be ut i l i s e d i n t h e same way.
The t r a di ng c l a s s e s a r e Hi ndus, Pi r achas, and Taj i ks. Bullocks are
t h e ani mal s c h i e f l y us e d f o r car r i age. Some of t h e Shi nwar i s possess
mul es, whi ch t h e y h i r e f o r car r i age. Hor s es a r e f ew, and of an
i nf e r i or br e e d. The Kuchi s k e e p l a r g e d r o v e s of camels.
Agr i cul t ur al pr oduc t s . Compared wi t h t h e t o t a l e x t e n t of t he dis-
t r i c t t h e ar ea unde r c ul t i va t i on is s ma l l . The pl ai ns of Basawal,
Cha r de h, and Jal al abad, t h e l ow-l yi ng l a n d s of Besud and Kama, and
t h e ba nks of t h e Sur kha b a r e a l l hi ghl y c ul t i va t e d. For t h e r e s t the
cul t i vat i on is c onf i ne d t o t h e ba nks o f t h e s t r eams t h a t descend
from t h e Sa f e d Koh, whe r e a b r e a d t h of from 1 t o 2 m i l e s is careful-
l y c ul t i va t e d. In t h e s e s e c l u d e d val l eys abound t h e mulberry, pome-
gr anat e, and o t h e r f r u i t trees, whi l e t h e ba nks of t h e small streams
t ha t meander t hr ough them ar e e dge d with a f i ne sward enamelled with
wild f l o we r s and f r a g r a n t wi t h ar omat i c he r bs . The l owe s t r i dges and
s p u r s of t h e Sa f e d Koh t h a t i n t e r s e c t t h e d i s t r i c t are bare and
uncul t ur abl e; but t h e h i g h e r mount ai ns o f Kashmund, Karacha, and
Sa f e d Koh, a r e c l o t h e d wi t h t h i c k f o r e s t s of pi ne, almond, and other
trees, whe r e be a r s ( bot h bl ack and br own) , pa nt he r s , wild sheep and
goa t s , f o x e s , j ackal s , etc., a r e t o be f ound.
Wells a r e not us e d f o r i r r i gat i on. A f ew a r e t o be s e e n in villages
f o r dr i nki ng- wat er , or i n f r o n t of mos que s f o r pur pos e s of ablution,
b u t not e l s e whe r e . ~ r r i g a t i o n is e f f e c t e d by t h e kar ez and by cuts
and canal s from s t r e a ms and r i ve r s . The ~a ha r - i - Sha hi is a canal
t a ke n o u t of Kabul r i ve r a t Kala-i-Mu& Bashi r , whi ch, a f t e r Pas-
s i ng t h r o u g h t h e r oyal ga r de ns , i r r i g a t e s t h e plain a s f ar as the
vi l l age o f Kush Gumbaz. A much l a r g e r canal l e a ve s t h e ~ u r k h a b at
Barina, and wa t e r s Bag h wani, Balabag h, Kush kak, etc. Another larger
canal is t a ke n o u t of t h e Kunar r i ve r , and it i r r i ga t e s al l t he Kama
vi l l ages . One l e a ve s t h e Kabul r i ve r a t ~ a h r a b a d and f l ows t hrough
Besud. Ot he r s e x i s t a t Shamsapur and Kot apur.
The ar ea of cul t i vat i on coul d b e c ons i de r a bl y e xt e nde d by t he
s t r u c t i o n of i r r i ga t i on canal s from t h e Kabul, Kunar, and surkhab
r i ve r s , e s pe c i a l l y near Jalalabad and i n Besud;
but t h e r e is little
room f o r f u r t h e r cul t i vat i on in t h e vi ci ni t y of t h e smaller streams'
( The Amir is bel i eved t o have e x t e n s i v e s c he me s of i r r i gat i on under
c ons i de r a t i on a t t h e p r e s e n t t i m e , 1906.) The wat er-suppl y
the
d i s t r i c t d e p e n d s upon t h e f a l l of snow on t h e Saf ed Koh and other
mount ai ns t o t h e west; when less t ha n t h e usual amount of snow
i n t h e wi nt er , s c a r c i t y somet i mes a ppr oa c hi ng t o faminet is experi -
- - -
enced .
Where
wat er is abundant t wo c r o Ds are obt ai ned i n one year. The
c h i e f p r o d u c t s of t h e s p r i n g ha r vds t ar e:
Wheat
Bar l ey
Masur
Peas
Op i um
Mustard
Li nseed
Aori ( a v a r i e t y of must ar d) .
In t he autumn ha r ve s t t he p r i n c i p a l c r ops a r e :
Rice c ot t on
Baj r a Jowar
Mash.
The b e s t wheat is pr oduc e d on "lalmi" l a n d s in a good year , e.g., on
t h e plain of Bat i kot . Gandamak is a l s o c e l e br a t e d f o r its wheat .
Opium is r ai s ed on t h e Sur khab t o a s m a l l e x t e n t .
Most of t h e c ot t on is pr oduc e d in t h e Hisarak and Chapr i ar di vi -
s i ons .
Ther e a r e s e ve r a l s o r t s of rice. Di s t i ngui s hi ng by col our t h e r e a r e
t wo de s c r i pt i ons , whi t e and r ed. The gr a i ns of t h e r e d rice a r e
l ar ge, he nc e it is a l s o cal l ed l uk. The whi t e r i c e is of t wo sor t s- -
t h i n , c a l l e d b a r i k ; a nd t h i c k , c a l l e d l u k . Most o f t h e rice is
r ai sed in Kama.
Bes i des t h e c r o p s al r eady ment i oned, mel ons, cucumber s, pumpki ns,
t u r n i p s , et c, a r e p r o d u c e d . Th i s s o r t o f c u l t i v a t i o n is c a l l e d
pal ez.
A small quant i t y of t obacco is r ai s ed i n t h e Khugi ani di vi s i on, but
it is not of good qual i t y. A s o r t of t r e f oi l , cal l ed s h a f t a l , and
l ucer ne a r e c ul t i va t e d f o r f o d d e r , whi ch i n gener al , is not pl ent i -
f ul .
The usual ga r de n s t u f f s a r e sown near Jalalabad and o t h e r l a r g e
vi l l a ge s .
In t h e Khugiani di vi s i on l a r ge qua nt i t i e s of f r u i t a r e r a i s e d, e.g.,
gr apes , a pr i c ot s , pomegr anat es, qui nc e s , pl ums, mul ber r i es, wal nut s,
or anges, l i m e s , etc. Al t hough t h e f r u i t s cannot be compar ed wi t h
t h o s e of Kabul, t h e y a r e good of t h e i r ki nd, and some of t hem a r e
super i or . The s e e d l e s s pomegr anat es of Kaja a r e famous.
Wheat and jowar a r e t h e s t a p l e f ood of t h e peopl e. Barley is gi ve n
t o hor s es . Bajra, whi ch is not much gr own, is gi ven t o t h e c a t t l e .
The a gr i c ul t ur i s t s p o s s e s s bul l oc ks ( whi ch a r e us ed f o r t h e pl ough) ,
cows, s h e e p , goa t s , and a s s e s i n l a r ge numbers. Buf f al oes a r e less
co~lnon .
Land of t h e f i r s t c l a s s w i l l somet i mes f e t c h R s . 300 a j ar i b (2
jaribs-1 acr e, appr oxi mat el y) . Good aver age l and, wi t h a s u f f i c i e n t
s uppl y of wat er w i l l f e t c h R s . 200 a jarib. I nf e r i or , uni r r i gat ed
land sells a t from R s . 30 t o R s . 50 a jarib.
The anci ent cust om of ve s h, or r e di s t r i but i on a t s t a t e d i nt e r va l s of
t i m e of al l t h e l a nds of a community, whi ch is f ound t o e x i s t i n
some pa r t s of our t r ans- I ndus d i s t r i c t s , s t i l l s ur vi ve s in a f e w
p l a c e s i n J a l a l a ba d. I t seems t o p o s s e s s mos t v i t a l i t y i n Gi r d i
Kats, wher e t h e l a nds a r e r e a l l ot t e d e ve r y t h r e e year s. I t exists
al so in t h e Basawal and Hazarnao gr oup of vi l l ages- - t he per i od bei ng
t wel ve year s.
Revenue syst em. The gener al pr i nc i pl e s of r evenue admi ni st r at i on
Prevai l i ng i n t h e d i s t r i c t of Jalalabad (in 1879) , were i nt r oduc e d
and f i xe d in t h e second- hal f of l a s t c e nt ur y by Ahmad Shah Abdali.
The Government, a s a ge ne r a l r ul e, p r o f e s s e d t o t a k e one- t hi r d of
t he gr oss produce as revenue. This principle is known under t h e name
of s eh- kot ( t h r e e par t s ) . Ori gi nal l y t h e whol e r evenue was t a ke n i n
ki nd, but t h e d i f f i c u l t y of r eal i s i ng it from d i s t a n t and t ur bul e nt
t r i be s l e d, in many c a s e s , t o t h e s ubs t i t ut i on of a f i x e d c a s h
as s es s ment based on t h e seh-kot principle.
In c a s e s wher e t h e p r o p r i e t o r s h i p of t h e l and be l ongs t o t h e St a t e ,
o n e hal f of t h e g r o s s p r o d u c e is us ua l l y t a k e n a s t h e s har e of the
Gover nment , i f t h e c u l t i v a t o r f u r n i s h e d s e e d , c a t t l e , and implements
o f a gr i c ul t ur e ;
b u t i f t h e c u l t i v a t o r d i d n o t s u p p l y s e e d, cattle,
etc. o r s u p p l i e d onl y s ome of t h e s e n e c e s s a r i e s , t h e St at e t ook
f i v e - s i x t h s OK t wo - t h i r d s o f t h e g r o s s pr oduc e . In t h e f i r s t case
t h e r e ve nue was c a l l e d ni m- kot ( t wo s h a r e s ) ; i n t h e s econd case i t
was c a l l e d s h a s h - k o t ( s i x s h a r e s ) .
Th e p r i n c i p l e o f s e h - k o t p r e v a i l s i n t h e Kas hkot , Sur khab, Chapriar,
and Hi sar ak di vi s i ons . I t a p p l i e s t o a l l d e s c r i p t i o n s of t h e agri-
c u l t u r a l pr oduc e . Khas i l is c h a r g e d wi t h r e ve nue , a s w e l l a s ripened
c r o p s . ~ l l f r u i t trees a p p e a r t o b e c h a r g e d wi t h r evenue on t he
same pr i nc i pl e .
A l a r g e p a r t of Kot pa ys onl y one - f our t h s h a r e o f t h e g r o s s produce
a s r e ve nue . Th i s l i g h t a s s e s s me n t is c a l l e d c ha r - kot ( f our shar es) ,
and was g r a n t e d by Timur Sha h on a c c ount o f t h e a s s i s t a nc e he de-
r i ve d f r om t h e men o f Kot d u r i n g o n e o f h i s e x pe di t i ons .
I n Khugi ani e v e r y vi l l a ge , wi t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f f i ve , pays a fixed
c a s h a s s e s s me n t c a l l e d Jama-i-Kalandar Khan, a f t e r a r evenue admini-
s t r a t o r o f Ahmad Sha h, who f i r s t i n t r o d u c e d it. Originally calcu-
l a t e d t o r e p r e s e n t one - t hi r d o f t h e g r o s s pr oduc e , it now f al l s very
much below t hat .
I n Kama, Mohmand Dara, and Kot, mos t o f t h e vi l l a ge s pay a fixed
r e ve nue a s s e s s me n t e i t h e r i n c a s h o r ki nd.
With o n e o r t wo e x c e p t i o n s t h e Ghi l zai vi l l a ge s d o not pay any
r e ve nue t o t h e Jal al abad a u t h o r i t i e s . ( Thi s h a s pr obabl y been chan-
g e d s i n c e 1879) Th e a c c o u n t o f t h e i r r e v e n u e is k e p t in Kabul; but
s u c h r e ve nue a s is i mpos e d is commonly r e mi t t e d i n f avour of t he
Gh i l z a i Maliks.
Th e Si pa i and Sangu Khel ( i nc l udi ng a por t i on of t h e Al i sher Khel)
Shi nwa r i s have ne ve r pai d any r e v e n u e t o Government . (But they
a l mos t c e r t a i nl y d o s o now, see "Shi nwar i ") . Thei r br et hr en, t he
Manduzai Shi nwa r i s , a r e a s s e s s e d a t a t o t a l sum of R s . 10,314 cash
on t h e whol e s e c t i on.
Th e wander i ng p a s t o r a l tribes pay a f i x e d r e ve nue in cash or i n
r og han ( b u t t e r ) and k u r u t ( c h e e s e ) .
Th e r e ve nue year commences on Nauroz, t h e new year ' s day of t he
Pe r s i a n c a l e nda r , c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o t h e 2 1 s t of March. Where t he
a s s e s s me n t is f i x e d it is ge ne r a l l y r e a l i s e d i n f u l l wi t hi n one or
t wo mont hs o f t h e be gi nni ng of t h e year ; b u t whe r e it is a seh-kot
o r o t h e r f l u c t u a t i n g r e ve nue it is pai d i n t wo instalments--one
a f t e r t h e s p r i n g , and t h e o t h e r a f t e r t h e aut umn har ves t .
Ot he r r e ve nue b e s i d e s l and r e ve nue . The o t h e r s o u r c e s o f revenuer in
a d d i t i o n t o t h e l and r e ve nue , w i l l now be enumer at ed, and it w i l l be
s e e n t h a t , whi l e p r o f e s s i n g t o a p p r o p r i a t e onl y one- t hi r d of t he
g r o s s p r o d u c e of t h e c ount r y, t h e Gover nment , by means of a multi-
p l i c i t y o f v e x a t i o u s cesses, i n r e a l i t y r e c e i v e s ve r y much mor e*
(1) A t a x c a l l e d j ar i bi is p u t upon h o r t i c u l t u r e a s f ol l ows:
R s .
On s ugar cane 10 per j a r i b
On mel ons, poppy and ve ge t a bl e s 3 l1
n
On t obacco 6 I'
n
On h i nna 5 *I
II
(2) From t h e p a s t o r a l tribes, o n e o u t of e v e r y f o r t y e h e e p or goats
is t a ke n. Th i s is c a l l e d chi l yak- i - gos f andi . From t h e permanent
P o ~ u l a t i o n one s h a h i ie t a k e n f o r e v e r y f emal e s h e e p or goat POs'
s e s s e d .
( 3) Sh a k h s humar i is a t a x of o n e rupee (kham) on ever y buffalo*
Cows are exempt ed from t h i s tax.
( 4) Asia or t ahuna is t h e t a x on fl our-mi l l s t a ke n e i t h e r i n c a s h or
kind. The r e is no f i x e d r at e.
(5) Asnaf i f t h e t a x on t r a d e s , var yi ng from R s . 7 t o R s . 2.
(6) Jezi a is a pol l -t ax l e vi e d from Hi ndus of R s . 5 (kham) each.
( 7) Dudi, a house t a x of one r upee (kham) on each house.
(8) Naukar is a t ax l e vi e d a s commutation f o r s er vi ce. The Arabs o f
Jalalabad a r e s pe c i a l l y t a xe d i n t h i s way t o t h e amount of R s . 723
per annum.
(9) ~ a d k h u d a i is a t ax on mar r i ages. The r e is no uni form r a t e , but
it f a l l s ver y heavy on a Muhammadan who mar r i es a Hindu.
(10) Mihmani--This e xa c t i on was t a ke n or i gi nal l y on t h e p r e t e x t of
f ur ni s hi ng s u p p l i e s f o r t h e King' s t a bl e dur i ng h i s wi nt er s t a y i n
Jalalabad, but t h e c ol l e c t i on of it is now cont i nued a s an or di nar y
i t e m of r evenue. I t yi e l ds R s . 9, 835 pe r annum.
(11) Rasum-i-Daftar a r e t h e d u e s t h a t wer e f or mer l y l e vi e d by t h e
Diwans of t h e d i s t r i c t a s t h e i r pe r s ona l r emuner at i on, but f o r many
year s t h e y have been a ppr opr i a t e d by t h e St at e. They br i ng i n R s .
2,3 5 0 yearl y.
(12) Kimarkhana, or gambling t ax. Thi s is usual l y gr a nt e d i n farm.
The f ar mer a ppoi nt s a hous e i n whi ch al one gambling is per mi t t ed t o
be car r i ed on. H e or h i s a g e n t s u p e r i n t e n d s t h e game, and is en-
t i t l e d t o a c e r t a i n pe r c e nt a ge on a l l t h e wi nni ngs.
(13) Zarbkhana, or mint-tax. his, t oo, is gener al l y gi ven i n
farm. The f ar mer is al l owed t o cal l i n a l l t h e c o p p e r coi n a s o f t e n
a s he l i k e s and t o r e- st amp it, c ha r gi ng a s m a l l sum f o r t h e st amp.
Only coi n i mpr e s s e d wi t h t h e l a t e s t st amp is per mi t t ed t o ci r cul at e.
Thi s absur d p r o c e s s is gener al l y r e pe a t e d t h r e e or f our times a
year, but t h e f ar mer is onl y pr e ve nt e d from doi ng it more f r e q u e n t l y
by t h e out c r y of t h e t r a di ng c l a s s e s .
( 14) Ghoza-i-abresham is a t ax on si l k-worms. It is l e vi e d i n
Khugiani and Chapr i ar . The r a t e is R s . 3 on e ve r y bui l di ng in whi ch
silk-w orms a r e r ear ed.
(15) Sayer, or cus t oms d u t i e s a t Jal abad, Gandamak and Basawal.
These a r e t r a n s i t d u e s on mer chandi s e pa s s i ng t h r o u g h t h e d i s t r i c t .
They yi el d on an aver age R s . 66,000 a year.
(16) Similar d u t i e s a r e t a ke n s e pa r a t e l y a t Dakka, and amount t o
R s . 10, 000 pe r annum.
(17) Tol l s on r a f t s of wood f l oa t e d down t h e Kabul r i ver , and d u e s
upon mer chandi s e e x p o r t e d or car r i ed by t h e r i ver , a r e o t h e r s o u r c e s
of r evenue.
(18) Sal t br ought up from Kohat is t a xe d a t Pesh Bolak.
(19) In t h e t own of Jalalabad t h e asnaf and j ezi a yi el d s e pa r a t e l y
about R s . 380 pe r annum.
( 20) Fi n e s and f o r f e i t u r e s a r e a n o t h e r c ons i de r a bl e s our c e of
income. In 1878 R s . 20,000 wer e c ol l e c t e d under t h i s head.
(21) Kotwali is a f e e pai d by Kotwals on t h e occasi on of t h e i r
bei ng a ppoi nt e d t o o f f ice.
Fi xed e x pendi t ure. --The per manent l ocal obl i gat i ons on t h e Govern-
ment of Jalalabad may be c l a s s e d under f i ve head s:
(1) Wazafas.--These a r e al l owances i n c a s h and gr ai n made t o men of
t h e p r i e s t l y a nd r e l i g i o u s c l a s s e s , e. g. , Sa y y i d s , Ulama (i.e.,
l ear ned men, Mullas, Kazis, Muf tis, etc.), Sahi bzadas, Kh waj azadas,
and Fukara (i.e., be gga r s and mujawirs a t s hr i ne s ) .
The t ot a l amount gi ven away under t h i s head is R s . 56, 621 p e r annum.
Every l ear ned and r e l i gi ous pe r s on in t h e d i s t r i c t a p p e a r s t o be i n
r e c e i pt of a wazi fa, a f a c t whi ch f ul l y a c c ount s f o r t h e det er mi ned
hos t i l i t y of t h e s e c l a s s e s t o a Br i t i s h occupat i on of t h e count r y.
(2)
Ma1ikana.- The s e a r e s m a l l al l owances i n c a s h, or ki nd gr a nt e d
t o t h e headmen of t h e vi l l ages. They amount t o R s . 16, 521 p e r
annum, and would have t o be k e p t up under any admi ni st r at i on.
(3) ~ a k h f i f . - I s t h e name a p p l i e d , l oc a l l y, t o r e mi s s i ons of reve-
nue, o r payment s on a c c o u n t of di l uvi on, etc. I n 1879 t h e amount so
pai d was R s . 3, 614.
(4) J a gi r s . Th e s e are r e mi s s s i o n s o r a s s i g n me n t s of r evenue in
f a vour o f c e r t a i n Khans, Sa r da r s , and Mal i ks r e s i d i n g i n t h e dis-
trict. The y amount t o R s . 15, 585.
(5) Tank h wah-i-Wa1iyati.-Under t h i s pe c ul i a r l y named headi ng are
i ncl uded all t h e al l owances made t o
i n d e p e n d e n t and semi -i ndependent
t r i b e s , e.g., Af r i di s , Shi n war i s , Mohmand s, etc.; a l s o t h e salaries
g r a n t e d t o t h e o f f i c i a l s and c h i e f men o f t h e d i s t r i c t . They amount
t o RS. 1, 67, 715.
Revenue and e xpe ndi t ur e s compared.
The summary o f t h e r e v e n u e o f t h e whol e d i s t r i c t is as f ol l ows:
I-Land Revenue
1. Khugi ani
Rs . 56,872
2. Sur khab
1, 40, 513
3. Kashkot (Besud)
38,413
4. Kama
92,000
5. Cha pr i a r
49,817
6. Hi s ar ak
71,766
7. Kot
41,585
8. Mohmand (Mahman)
42,403
11.--Other Revenue
1. Mihmani 9,835
2. Razum 2,350
3. Kimar khana 783
4. Zarbkhana 1, 333
5. Kot wal i 250
6. Ghoza-i-abresham 728
7. Customs, etc. 66,000
8. Tr a n s i t due s (Dakka) 10,000
9. Ra f t s of wood 50,000
10. T o l l s a t Dakka 6,840
11. Dues on mer chandi se e xpor t e d 1, 300
on r a f t s
12. S a l t due s 790
13. Asnaf and j e z i a i n J a l a l a b a d 380
14. Fi ne s and f o r f e i t u r e s 20,000
To t a l Rs . 6, 97, 038
The t o t a l f i xe d e xpe ndi t ur e is a s f ol l ows :
1. Wazi f as 56, 621
2. Mal i kana 16, 521
3. Takhf i f 3,614
4. J a g i r s 15, 585
5. Tankhwah 1, 67, 715
Tot a l Rs . 2,60,056
Af t e r d e d u c t i n g t h e f i x e d c h a r g e s , t h e r e t h u s r emai ns a balance of
Rs. 4, 36, 982.
Si nc e 1879 many c h a n g e s ha ve no d o u b t been i nt r oduc e d i nt o the
s ys t e m of r e ve nue t h e n pr e va l e nt , b u t t h e i n ormat i on gi ven above
w i l l s e r v e , f o r t h e want o f b e t t e r , a s a r o u g h appr oxi mat i on t o the
syst em now i n vogue.
Ci vi l Admi ni st r at i on. The c i v i l a dmi ni s t r a t i on of t h e di s t r i c t
c a r r i e d on by a Gover nor , c a l l e d t h e Hakim.
H e is appoi nt ed from
Kabul, anb r e s i d e s a t Jal al abad.
Th e Pay of t h e Hakim was f i x e d nomi nal l y a t 8, 000 kham r upees per
annu., whi c h h e realised f r om any r evenue- payi ng vi l l age in t he
d i s t r i c t . H e a l s o d i v i d e d wi t h t h e Di wans and ~ a f t a r i e s one-tenth
Of all f i n a s and f or feitures-the Haki n t a ki ng t hr e e - f our t hs f and
t h e o t h e r s one - f our t h. It was us ua l f o r t h e Hakim hi ms el f t o t a k e
t h e f ar ms o f s e v e r a l v i l l a g e s i n h i s d i s t r i c t , and by t h i s and many
o t h e r means h e i l l i c i t l y r e a l i s e d v e r y much mor e t h a n h i s nominal
salary.
The pay o f t h e Hakim a t t h e p r e s e n t t i m e is n o t known.
Under t h e Hakim were t h r e e r e ve nue a c c ount a nt s c a l l e d Di wans ( i f
Hi ndus) , o r ~ a f t a r i s ( i f Muhammadans). They k e p t t h e r e ve nue ac-
c ount s , and, unde r t h e Haki m' s d i r e c t i o n s , managed ge ne r a l l y t h e
whol e r e ve nue admi ni s t r at i on. They us e d t o b e r emuner at ed by t h e
rasum-i -daft ar; b u t t h i s cess is now c r e d i t e d t o Gover nment , and
t h e Diwans and Da f t a r i s r e c e i v e a f i x e d sal ar y.
I n each d i v i s i o n t h e r e is pr obabl y a Naib Hakim.
Wei ght s and c oi ns :
The r e are t wo s y s t e ms o f comput at i on b o t h i n we i g h t and i n
money.
The one met hod of c omput i ng by money is c a l l e d " pukht a, " and is a s
f ol l ows:
50 d i n a r s = 1 s ha hi
2 s h a h i s = 1 s a na r
2 s a n a r s = 1 a bba s i
3 a b b a s i s = 1 r upee
Thi s r upe e , e s t i ma t e d by t h e we i g h t o f s i l ve r i n it, is wor t h 1 3
annas 6 p i e s o f I ndi an money.
The o t h e r met hod o f comput i ng is c a l l e d "kham," and is a s f ol l ows: "
10 d i n a r s = 1 p a i s a
5 p a i s a s = 1 s ha hi
10 s h a h i s = 1 r upe e
20 r upees = 1 toman
One toman is wor t h R s . 16 and 8 s h a h i s pukht a . The kham r u p e e is
merel y one of a c c ount ; it h a s no t a ngi bl e e x i s t e n c e . Al l t h e r eve-
nue a c c ount s a r e k e p t on t h i s s ys t em.
The r e are a l s o t wo s y s t e ms o f measur i ng we i ght s . The o n e i n or di -
nary us e is a s f ol l ows :
1 char ak = 16 khur ds
4 c ha r a ks = 1 seer or d h a r i
8 seers = 1 maund
10 maunds = 1 kharwar
One of t h e s e seers is e q u a l t o 7 seers and 13. 5 c h i t t a c k s o f I ndi an
s t andar d we i ght ; c o n s e q u e n t l y 1 khar war is e q u a l t o 1 5 maunds 27
seers 8 c h i t t a c k s of our s t a nda r d we i ght .
The o t h e r met hod is c a l l e d t a br i z i , and is t h a t i n whi ch t h e r e v e n u e
a c c ount s are k e p t . It is a s f ol l ows :
2. 5 c ha r a ks = 1 maund
100 maunds = 1 kharwar
One of t h e s e maunds is e qua l t o 4 seers 14.5 c h i t t a c k s o f o u r
s t a nda r s we i ght ; h e n c e a t a br i z i khar war is e qua l t o 1 2 maunds 10
seers 10 c h i t t a c k s of our we i ght .
Ar chaeol ogy. From an a r c ha e ol ogi c a l poi nt o f vi ew few d i s t r i c t s a r e
more i n t e r e s t i n g t ha n Jal al abad. Al t hough it h a s be e n oc c upi e d b y
Muhammadans f o r more t ha n a t hous a nd ye a r s , t h e r e still remain abun-
da nt t r a c e s of an a nc i e nt I ndi an popul at i on. Cer t ai n s p o t s a r e
still c o n s i d e r e d s a c r e d by t h e Hi ndus of t h e c ount r y, and a r e vi-
s i t e d by pi l gr i ms f r om I ndi a.
The per enni al s p r i n g s o f Sul t a npur a r e s ai d by t h e Hi ndus t o have
g u s h e d f o r t h a t t h e command of Baba Nanak, t o whom t h e pl a c e is
still s a c r e d. Char bagh and Pe s h Bolak a r e a l s o l ooke d upon wi t h
vener at i on by Hi ndue; t h e f or mer c ont a i ns t h e s h r i n e o f Gaddi Bram-
das, and t h e l a t t e r t h a t of Darbarra Si nh. Numerous mounds, c a ve s ,
etc*, a r e f ound near Pe s h Bolak. The s h r i n e cal l ed Ga ddi Sur ya, i n
Jalalabad, is a l s o ve r y s a c r e d t o t h e Hi ndus. The c a ve s o f Chi k-
naur, on t h e l e f t bank o f t h e Kabul r i ve r , and t h e many a n c i e n t
v e s t i g e s a t Basawal, on t h i s s i d e of t h e r i ver , a r e interesting
e v i d e n c e of t h e a nc i e nt popul at i on.
The r e are, however , t h r e e l oc a l i t i e s whe r e t h e s e remains ar e found
i n g r e a t pr of us i on.
A t Dar unt . , whe r e t h e Si ah Koh r ange meets t h e
Kabul r i ve r , and al ong t h e s k i r t s of t h e hi l l s a s f a r a s Balabagh,
numer ous a nc i e nt bui l di ngs a r e f ound. On t h e l e f t bank of t he river
o p p o s i t e t o Darunta si mi l ar r emai ns e x i s t .
The pl ai n t o t h e east of
Jal al abad a s f a r a s Sul t anpur - e s pe c i a l l y al ong
t h e low ri dges of
congl omer at e t h a t bound t h e pl ai n on t h e s out h, and on t h e banks of
t h e r i ve r near Bagrani and Chi knaur--i s f u l l of evi dence of ancient
Hi ndu ci vi l i zat i on.
The t h i r d a r c ha e ol ogi c a l i n t e r e s t a t t a c h e s t o t h r e e descr i pt i ons of
bui l di ngs , viz., t o p e s , t umul i , and caves.
Few t o p e s have be e n f ound i n t h i s d i s t r i c t wi t h a gr eat er circum-
f e r e n c e t h a n 160 f e e t , o r wi t h a g r e a t e r h e i g h t t ha n 60 f eet .
They
a r e f ound t o c o n s i s t of t wo t o p e s , one wi t hi n t h e ot he r . The smal-
l e r or i nt e r i or t o p e c ont a i ns a smal l chamber i n whi ch t h e relics
a r e d e p o s i t e d .
The f a vour i t e s i t ua t i on of a t o p e is on t h e s ki r t of
a hi l l on an el evat on over l ooki ng t h e pl ai n. Water is always found
near t hem, and a t Hada t h e r e a r e t r a c e s of wat er havi ng been brought
i n a q u e d u c t s from a d i s t a n c e a t much l abour and e xpe ns e .
The r e is no d i s p u t e t h a t t h e s e monument s a r e pecul i ar t o t h e Buddist
r el i gi on; and t h e mos t pr obabl e t h e o r y a s t o t h e i r meaning is that
t h e y a r e l a r g e dagobas , or s h r i n e s , e r e c t e d f o r t h e pr ot ect i on of
some relic of t h e g r e a t Buddha, Sakya Muni, o r of some l ocal Lama of
not e. Many of t hem cont ai n v a s e s of s t one , and c a s k e t s of gold,
s i l ve r , or c o p p e r , i n whi ch a r e o f t e n f ound coi ns , pear l s, orna-
ment s, r i n g s , be a ds , etc., etc.
In one of t h e Hada t o p e s , ope ne d by Mr. Masson 53 year s ago, five
gol d c oi ns of t h e Lower Empi re -- viz., s o l i d i of Theosi us, Marcian,
and Leo-- were di s c ove r e d. Ei ght e e n s i m i l a r coi ns were more recent-
l y obt ai ned from a t o p e over l ooki ng Jalalabad. Sassanian and old
Hindu c oi ns have a l s o been f ound; but no coi n of a Greek prince of
Bact ri a ha s e v e r been s e e n i n a t ope . From t h e c oi ns found it would
a ppe a r t h a t t h e s e t o p e s were bui l t dur i ng t h e f i r s t seven centuries
of t h e Chr i s t i a n er a, when t h e c ount r y had agai n come under the
domi nat i on of t h e I ndi ans, a f t e r t h e di s a ppe a r a nc e of t h e Greek and
Scyt hi an i nvader s , and when t h e r e l i gi on of Buddha was spr ead over
a l l Nor t her n I ndi a and t h e a dj a c e nt c ount r i e s . The ~uhammadans
commenced t o encr oach on Af ghani s t an i n t h e end of t h e 7t h century:
s o t h a t t h e e r e c t i on o f t h e s e t o p e s cannot be put l a t e r t han that
per i od .
The t o p e whi ch i s i n t h e b e s t s t a t e of pr es er vat i on is one called
Nandar a o r Kha ya s t a ( me a ni ng " b e a u t i f ul8I) i n Darunt a. I t st i l l
p r e s e r v e s many of t h e moul di ngs, a r c h e s and pi l a s t e r s t h a t adorned
its o u t e r s ur f a c e .
Tumuli a r e d i s t i n g u i s h e d from t o p e s i n ge ne r a l in di mensi onst and in
not havi ng a d i s t i n c t c yl i ndr i c a l body be t we e n t h e base and t he
dome. I t is a l s o f ound t h a t f r a gme nt s of bones and a s h e s ar e f ound
in t umul i i n c ons i de r a bl e qua nt i t i e s , whi l e i n t o p e s t h e y are spar-
i ngl y f ound. A s a r ul e t h e t umul i a r e d e s t i t u t e of r el i cs - They
may be s e e n i s ol a t e d; b u t whe r e ve r t h e r e is a t ope , it is accompa-
ni ed by a number of tumuli. Thi s h a s gi ven r i s e t o t h e i dea, whi ch
is a ve r y pr obabl e one, t h a t t h e s e t umul i a r e t h e t ombs in which t he
a s h e s of de vot e d Bu d d h i s t s a r e d e p o s i t e d unde r t h e s hadow of t he
s a c r e d r e c e p t a c l e of some hol y relic.
Caves are l w a y s f ound i n t h e nei ghbour hood of t o p e s and
Some a r e l a r g e and cr owned wi t h a cupol a; t h e s e Were probably
t e mpl e s or vi har as. The o t h e r s were t h e a bode s of t h e
Or
priests, or redusern who formed t he est abl i shment connected with the
sacr ed e d i f i c e . The c a v e s a t Darunt a are o f g r e a t di me ns i ons , and
a r e known by t h e name o f f i l - khana ( e l e pha nt - house. )
Bur nes, Masson, and M. Cour t c o n s i d e r t h a t t o p e s a r e r e g a l s e pul -
t ur e s , and t h i s is t h e not i on o f t h e p e o p l e o f t h e c ount r y.
All t h e s e bui l di ngs ar e s poken of by t h e pr e s e nt Muhammadan inhabit-
a nt s o f t h e val l ey as Burja-i-Kafir ( i n f i d e l s ' f o r t ) . W e know t h a t
a t t h e t i m e o f t h e i nvas i on of Af gha ni s t a n by t h e Muhammadans, Hi ndu
Rajas r e i g n e d i n Kabul and Jal al abad. So late a s t h e t i m e o f Babar,
Kaf i r s oc c upi e d t h e mount ai ns of t h e n o r t h boundar y of Besud; and
t o t h i s day t h e r ui ne d pol i c e - pos t s , e r e c t e d f o r t h e p r o t e c t i o n o f
t h e low c ount r y on t h e Kabul r i ve r from t h e Kaf i r s by t h e Mughal
rulers, a r e t o be s e e n wi t hi n 6 m i l e s o f Jal al abad.
Amongst o t h e r t r a c e s o f t h e ol d i nha bi t a nt s may b e ment i oned t h e
c i t y of Adi napur , whi ch was f l o u r i s h i n g i n t h e t i m e o f Babar, on- t h e
l e f t bank of t h e Sur kha b, o p p o s i t e Bal abagh; and t h e Kala-i-Rajputa-
na on t h e site o f t h e p r e s e n t Tatang-i-Jabar.
A t Marki Khel , unde r t h e Sa f e d Koh, t r a c e s o f a n o t h e r s o r t a r e
f ound. Masson ( Tr avel s 1, 225) s a y s t h a t t h e r e "human bone s a r e s o
abundant on t h e s o i l t h a t wal l s a r e made of t hem. The r e is e v e r y
r eason t o s u p p o s e it a s e p u l c h r a l l oc a l i t y o f t h e a n c i e n t Geber s ;
and a s i f t o l e a ve no d o u b t o f it, c o i n s f ound i n s ome number
t he r e , a r e i nvar i abl y of a Geber l i n e o f p r i n c e s and have a d i s t i n -
gui s he d f i r e - a l t e r on them." A t Nokur khel , i n t h e same l oc a l i t y,
e nt i r e s k e l e t o n s a r e o f t e n f ound, whi ch have t r i n k e t s , c oi ns , etc.,
t i e d r ound t h e i r a n k l e bones . Of Muhammadan a n t i q u i t i e s mi g h t b e
ment i oned many o f t h o s e g r a v e s of e xt r a or di na r y di me ns i ons ( cal l ed
chi l gazi ) whi ch o c c u r i n t h e val l eys o f Ni ngr ahar and o t h e r pl aces .
The most f amous o f t hem is t h e gr a ve o f Hazr at Lut ( t h e pa t r i a r c h
Lot) near Balabagh. I t is a bout 383 y a r d s l ong, and is he l d in
vener at i on by b o t h Hi ndus and Muhammadans. In c onne c t i on wi t h it
may be ment i oned t h e c e l e br a t e d zi ar at of Meht ar Lam i n Lag hman, t o
whi ch a t t h e r i pe ni ng of t h e aut umn h a r v e s t c r o wd s o f t h e Jal al abad
pe opl e r e pa i r t o pay t h e i r de vot i ons . Meht ar Lam is t h e pa t r i a r c h
Lamech, t h e f a t h e r o f Noah, whos e name is a l s o c onne c t e d wi t h t h i s
count r y, f o r t h e a r k is f a bl e d t o have r e s t e d a f t e r t h e d e l u g e on
t h e Kund mount ai n and t h e val l ey now cal l ed Dara-i-Nur was or i gi nal -
l y cal l ed Dara-i-Nuh, o r t h e val e o f Noah.
Hi st ory. The f ol l owi ng summary o f t h e h i s t o r y o f Jal al abad is by
McGr egor :
" As f a r back a s A.D. 977, w e f i nd t h a t Ni ngr ahar was t h e s c e n e o f
c ont e nt i on be t we e n Sabakt agi n, t h e Tar t ar , who as s umed t h e title o f
Nasir-u-din and J ai pal , t h e Brahmin pr i nce. Hi s t or y ment i ons t h a t
t h e i r ar mi es came i n s i g h t o f e a c h o t h e r on t h e c o n f i n e s o f Limgan,
now cal l ed Laghman, and t h e p r e s e n t vi l l a ge of Fat ehabad is s a i d t o
mark t h e s p o t whe r e a vi c t or y was gai ned by Sabakt agi n ove r t h e
Hindu pr i nce.
"In t h e year 1570, JaLaladin Muhammad Akbar Badshah, when pr oceedi ng
from Kabul t o I ndi a, d e s i r e d Shams hudi n Khaf f i t o bui l d t h e t o wn s o f
Jalalabad and At ak, and t h e s e were c ompl e t e d i n t wo year s. H i s s o n
Sdi m ( Jahangi r ) was f o r some t i m e a c t i ng Gover nor o f Jal al abad.
"During Shah J a ha n' s r e i gn, t h a t monar ch made some a d d i t i o n s t o t h e
town. An i n s c r i p t i o n on a marbl e sl ab, t a ke n from an ol d f o r t , and
pl aced in t h e pr i nc i pa l ' masj i d' o f t h e t own, s h o ws t h a t t h e f o r t
was bui l t by Itimam Khan i n Shah J ahan' s r e i gn, A.D. 1638.
"In A.D. 1735, Nadir Shah s e n t Sulaiman Yesawal ( s t i c k- be a r e r ) f r om
Kabul a t t h e head of a mi ssi on t o Muhammad Shah o f Delhi. On t h e
f i f t h da y Sulaiman and h i s pa r t y r e a c h e d Jal al abad. Abid ul l a, t h e
s on of Mir Abbas o f Kunar, whos e powe r e x t e n d e d ove r t h e whol e of
Ni ngrahar, d e s i r e d Sulaiman t o be sl ai n, and h e was ki l l e d wi t h much
cr uel t y. Nadi r Shah, on hear i ng of t h e t r e a t me nt t h a t Sulaiman had
me t wi t h, i mmedi at el y l e f t Kabul wi t h h i s army and mar ched t o Ganda-
mak vi a Cha r i ka r , Ni j rao, and Tagao; t h e n c e h e s e n t on t o Jaldabad
Sa r d a r s J i l l a ye r and Niaz wi t h t h e vanguar d; AbiduUa evacuated
Jal al abad and f l e d t o Kunar; h e was p u r s u e d by t h e Sa r da r s and f l ed
t o Swat . Many o f h i s f o l l o we r s were s l ai n, and h i s s i s t e r and women
made pr i s oner s and br ought t o Nadir Shah.
he monar ch wi t h h i s main army we nt f r om Gandamak t o Behai, thence
t o Jal al abad, wh e r e h e r emai ned onl y 31 da ys , h i s Sa r da r s meanwhile
havi ng c a p t u r e d Kunar and Bajaur. H e p r o c e e d e d vi a Chur a t o Pesha-
war, wh e r e Nasir Khan, t h e Gover nor , s ubmi t t e d wi t hout making any
de f e nc e .
"To e nume r a t e all t h e i mpor t a nt e v e n t s whi c h ha ve t a ke n place in
t h i s d i s t r i c t s i n c e t h a t pe r i od woul d t a k e u p t o o much space. I w i l l
onl y b r i e f l y a l l u d e t o a f e w o f t hem.
"On t h e 10t h of Sept ember 1801, Sh @a-ul-Mulk marched from Peshawar
t o a t t a c k Kabul.
" At I s ha pa n h e f ound Mahmud' s f o r c e , c o n s i s t i n g o f 3,000 men, drawn
up, t h e Su r k h u r d be i ng i n t h e i r f r o n t .
" El phi ns t one t h u s d e s c r i b e s t h e ba t t l e : ' Shuj a had a t t h i s time at
l e a s t 10,000 men, but t h e y were Barduranis, and t hough accustomed to
t h e b a t t l e s of t h e i r c l a ns , t h e y we r e s t r a n g e r s t o di s c i pl i ne and to
r e g u l a r war f ar e. Shuj a ' s ar ms we r e at f i r s t vi c t or i ous , but hi s
Bar dur ani t r o o p s , e a g e r t o p r o f i t by t h e c onf us i on, qui t t e d t hei r
l i n e s a s s oon a s t h e y t h o u g h t t h e v i c t o r y d e c i d e d , and began to
p l u n d e r t h e r oya l t r e a s u r e s , whi c h Shuj a had i mpr udent l y brought
i n t o t h e f i e l d. Fa t e h Khan s e i z e d t h i s o p p o r t u n i t y and char gi ng at
t h e head of h i s Bar akzai s, c ompl e t e d t h e c o n f u s i o n i n Shuj a' s army;
t h e b a t t l e was now d e c i d e d , a nd Shuj a e s c a p e d wi t h some di f f i cul t y
t o t h e Khaibar.
"In A.D. 1809, J u n e 2 9 t h , Sha h Shuj a s u s t a i n e d a not he r de f e a t at
Nimla, when o p p o s e d t o Mahmud Sha h and h i s mi ni s t e r Fat eh Khan.
Akram Khan, Sha h Shuj a ' s pr i me mi ni s t e r , was sl ai n i n t h i s battle.
Sha h Shuj a f l e d o v e r t h e mount ai ns s o u t h of t h e Khaibar pass to
Hi sar ak.
"On Zaman Sh a h ' s d e f e a t near Sar-i-Asp, h e f l e d t o t h e ~alalabad
val l ey, and s t o p p e d a t Mulla As ha k' s f o r t , whi c h is on t h e Chapriar
r i vul e t , a bout 1 4 m i l e s f r om t h e t own o f Jal al abad, near t h e Safed
K0h.
"The Mulla r e c e i v e d t he m hos pi t a bl y, b u t t o o k means t o pr event t hei r
escape, and s e n t o f f a messenger t o Mahmud Shah. Shah Zaman, during
h i s c onf i ne me nt , s e c r e t e d t h e Koh-i-Nur wi t h some o t h e r jewels in
t h e wal l o f h i s a pa r t me nt , whi c h were a f t e r wa r d s f ound on ShujaVs
a c c e s s i o n . The poor monar ch was bl i nde d on h i s r oad t o Kabul by
pi e r c i ng h i s e y e s wi t h a l a nc e t .
"On Sha h Shuj a be i ng r e s t o r e d t o t h i s t h r o n e , t h e f i r s t s t e p he took
was t o r e l e a s e h i s b r o t h e r Sha h Zaman, and s oon a f t e r Mulls Ashakt
who had bet rayed him, was appr ehended, and s uf f e r e d t h e punishment
o f h i s p e r f i d y and i n g r a t i t u d e .
When t h e Bar akzai Khan ga i ne d t h e a s c e n d a n c y ove r t h e ~ a d u z a i man-
a r c h s , Azim Khan pl a c e d h i s ne phe w Nawab Zaman Khan i n t h e govern-
ment o f Ni ngr ahar , and from t h e t i m e of Azim Khan' s deat h 1823f
unt i l t h e ye a r 1831, t h e Nawab e nj oye d t h e e n t i r e government
Ni ngr ahar . Dost Muhammad i n s i s t e d upon a por t i on of t h e collections
o f t h e pr ovi nc e be i ng made ove r t o him; t h i s t h e Nawab refused* The
A mi r c o l l e c t e d a f o r c e and mar ched a g a i n s t him, and on hi s approach'
t h e Nawab wi t hdr e w h i s g u n s t o Kama, and t h e r e t ook UP a position
near Abdul Rahman' s f o r t ; n e g o t i a t i o n s t o o k pl a c e bet ween the 'On-
t e n d i n g pa r t i e s . Th e Nawab havi ng made some s l i g h t s a c r i f i c e
'''
i n t e r e s t s , Dos t Muhammad r e t u r n e d t o Kabul.
"The Nawab t he n commenced f or t i f yi ng t h e t own of JU~;
the Ol d
f or t i f i c a t i ons wer e near l y on a l e ve l wi t h t h e gr ound; a g r e a t
number of pe opl e wer e c ol l e c t e d f o r t h e pur pos e ; t h e work advanced
r api dl y; but e r e a mont h had e l a ps e d t h e Ami r was agai n on h i s
march t o Jal al bad, and t h e f o r t was still i ncompl et e. The Nawab,
however, det er mi ned t o d e f e n d it. Af t er t h r e e days ' r e s i s t a n c e a
mine was s pr ung, t h e t own was t a ke n by a s s a ul t , and it was gi ve n u p
t o pl under . The Nawab was t a ke n pr i s one r and di s pl a c e d from power ,
and Sul t anpur and t h e t r a n s i t d u t i e s of Kabul were made over t o him
f o r h i s mai nt enance. Dost Muhammad's br ot he r , Ami r Muhammad, r e-
mained a s h o r t t i m e i n c h a r g e of t h e pr ovi nce. H e was s u c c e e d e d by
t h e Amir's son, Muhammad Af zal, who was r ecal l ed a f t e r a f e w mont hs,
and s uc c e e de d by h i s younge r br ot he r , Akbar; h e cont i nued i n c h a r g e
unt i l t h e ar r i val i n 1839 of t h e Br i t i s h t r oops . Mirza Agha Jan,
Kizilbash, was t he n, on t h e p a r t of t h e Shah, a ppoi nt e d Governor.
Si nce t h e evacuat i on of Af ghani st an by t h e Br i t i s h, Jalalabad ha s
been gover ned by members of t h e Barakzai family." (MacGregor, Jen-
kyns, etc.)
JALALABAD (Town) ~ J Y +
34-26 70-28 m. Thi s c i t y is now t h e c a pi t a l of Nanagarhar pr ovi nce.
The c i t y and its o u t s k i r t s now compr i s e an ar ea of 20 s qua r e kilome-
t e r s . ( LWA) In 1912 t h i s t own was de s c r i be d a s f ol l ows:
El evat i on 1, 950 f e e t . Th e c i v i l h e a d q u a r t e r s o f t h e J a l a l a ba d
d i s t r i c t , and t h e onl y t own t he r e i n. I t lies on t h e r i g h t bank of
t h e Kabul r i ver , and is d i s t a n t 83 3/4 m i l e s from ~ e s h a w a r and 98
from Kabul by t h e main r oad. It is an i r r e gul a r quadr i l at er al , wi t h
a per i met er o f 2,100 ya r ds , e nc l os e d by a mud wa l l . It is di vi de d
i nt o f our i r r e gul a r p a r t s by s t r e e t s r unni ng from t h e f o u r ga t e s ,
one in each f a c e of t h e per i met er . The wal l s a r e i n good o r d e r b u t
would form a ve r y poor d e f e n c e a ga i ns t heavy a r t i l l e r y; t h e y a r e
about 20 f e e t hi gh and a t t h e gat eways , 16 i n c h e s t hi c k. They a ppe a r
t o be badl y l oophol e d and c ons e que nt l y have much dead gr ound i n
f r ont . With modern a r t i l l e r y t h e t own coul d be r e nde r e d q u i t e unt en-
abl e from a pos i t i on t o t h e s out h. The t own i t s e l f is a mi ser abl e
pl ace, and can onl y be compar ed t o a ve r y t hi r d- c l a s s walled vi l l a ge
in t h e Punjab. The s h o p s i n t h e t own a r e most l y k e p t by Hi ndus, but
t h e r e a r e f ew s i g n s of t r a d e or pr os pe r i t y. The per manent popul at i on
d o e s not e xc e e d 2,000 s o u l s ( most l y Hi ndus, Taj i ks and Af ghans ) ,
but in t h e col d weat her it is ve r y l a r ge l y i nc r e a s e d by t h e i nf l ux
of t h e t r i b e s from t h e hi l l s t o t h e s out h who br i ng t h e i r f l o c k s and
he r ds down t o Jalalabad f o r t h e s a k e of its warmer climate. The
r i ver he r e r uns i n t wo c ha nne l s of whi ch t h e s out he r n is t h e l a r ge r ;
in t h e wi nt er of 1904-05 t h e wat er in t h e main c ha nne l was f ound t o
be from 8 t o 1 0 f e e t d e e p ; t h e c u r r e n t was of moder at e s t r e n g t h and
t h e r i ver was sai d t o be f or da bl e a t s e ve r a l pl a c e s in t h e nei gh-
bourhood. In t h e same year t h e r e was a r ope - f e r r y a c r o s s t h e r i ve r
with one l a r g e boat , capabl e of accommodating about 30 men, i n e a c h
channel . The s e t wo c ha nne l s a r e each about 100 ya r ds wide. During
t h e Second Af ghan War an e f f i c i e n t s e r vi c e of r a f t s was mai nt ai ned
f o r some t i m e bet ween Jalalabad and Dakka a s a s uppl e me nt t o t h e
land t r a ns por t .
About a m i l e t o t h e e a s t of t h e t own a f o r t ( For t Sal e) wi t h a l a r g e
horn-work was bui l t by us 1879, i nt e nde d t o accommodat e 2,835 men
and some 5,000 animals. The hor n- wor k, when s e e n i n 1905, was i n
r ui ns, but t h e ba r r a c ks i ns i de t h e f o r t a r e k e p t up by t h e Amir and
would accommodate about one bat t al i on.
J us t o u t s i d e t h e e a s t e r n g a t e of t h e t own is a walled sar ai , bui l t
in 190s.
About 1/2 miles t o t h e w e s t of t h e t own is a gar den, and a pal ace,
of t h e Amir; t h i s is cal l ed t h e Wazirbagh; t h e r e a r e t wo l a r g e t a n k s
i n t h e ga r de n and t h e pl a c e would form an i d e a l head- quar t er s i n the
e v e n t of t h e oc c upa t i on of Jal al abad.
Th e r e is room f o r a f o r c e of any s i z e t o encamp t o t h e sout h and
s o u t h we s t of Fo r t Sal e, b u t t h e r e is no s h a d e h e r e and it would
pr obabl y be a most unhe a l t hy campi ng gr ound owi ng t o t h e amount of
i r r i ga t i on c l o s e by. Good wa t e r s uppl y f r om t h e r i ve r (1/4 mile from
t h e f o r t ) and from a s p r i n g on t h e r i ver - bank. Suppl i e s ar e to be
had h e r e i n l a r g e qua nt i t i e s ;
t h e s ur r oundi ng c ount r y is f er t i l e and
t h e r e s houl d be no d i f f i c u l t y i n mai nt ai ni ng a f o r c e of 5,000 men
f o r some t i m e . Near t h e Wazi rbagh, al s o, t h e r e is a s hady camping
ground f or about 2,000 men. An approximate estimate of food supplies
normally avai l abl e i n Jal al abad c i t y is a s f ol l ows:
At t a 100 maunds
Wheat, ungr ound 1,500 maunds
Ghee 25 Bar l ey
2,500
Da l l 20 R i c e
200
S a l t 15 Maize
600
Bl ack sugar 150
Jal al abad is one of t h e c h i e f cant onment s i n Ni ngrahar; t h e garrison
is r e p o r t e d t o c o n s i s t of 2 s q u a d r o n s of caval ry, 6 guns and 3
ba t t a l i ons of i nf a nt r y, b e s i d e s 300 khas adar s . In t h e col d weather
t h e i nf a nt r y of t h e ga r r i s on a r e qua r t e r e d i n For t Sale and in a
gr ove of Shi sham trees, known a s t h e Shi shambagh, bet ween t h e fort
and t h e t own; i n t h e h o t we a t he r near l y t h e whol e gar r i son is moved
t o t h e neighbourhood of Agam, near t h e head of t h e Chapriar stream.
~a l a l a b a d lies a t t h e j unct i on of t wo r o a d s from Kabul via Gandamak
and t h e Tangi Gharu r e s p e c t i v e l y ( Sout he a s t Af ghani st an r out es Nos.
1 and 9); a n o t h e r r oad ( Sout he a s t Af ghani s t an r out e No. 8) l eads up
t h e Chapr i ar val l ey t o t h e Agam p a s s over t h e Saf ed Koh, and a
f o u r t h ( Sout he a s t Af ghani s t an r o u t e No. 6) l e a d s s out hwe s t t o the
Cant onment of Kahi and t h e n c e t o Basawal. Nor t h of t h e r i ver roads
l e a d up t h e Alingar, and Al i shang, val l eys i nt o ~ a f i r i s t a n (North-
e a s t Af ghani s t an r o u t e s Nos. 7 and 8) , and up t h e Kunar Valley
( Nor t he a s t Af ghani s t an r o u t e No. 2) t o Chi t r a l and Badakhshan. The
pl a c e is t h u s a dva nt a ge ous l y s i t u a t e d f o r t r a d e whi ch cons i s t s for
t h e most p a r t i n t h e e x p o r t t o Peshawar t o f r u i t , c hi e f l y pomegra-
na t e s , and of t i mber from t h e pi ne - f or e s t s of Kunar.
I n t h e ne i ghbour hood of Jal al abad is t h e s h r i n e of Shah Mardan, held
s a c r e d unde r t h e s u p p o s i t i o n t h a t A l i r e s t e d t he r e , and in the
t e mpl e is e x h i b i t e d a l a r g e bLack s t o n e s howi ng an i mpr essi on of the
hand of Al i . A ga r de n is a t t a c h e d t o t h e s hr i ne , and a fai r held
t h e r e every Thursday t o which cr owds r esor t .
The t own of Jal al abad is c h i i e f l y known t o Engl i sh r e a de r s on acount
o f t h e s i e g e whi ch a Br i t i s h f o r c e unde r Si r Rober t Sale stood
dur i ng t h e per i od of t h e Kabul d i s a s t e r s . The f ol l owi ng is a brief
summary of t ha t event from Sale's di spat ch: On t h e 13th of ~ o v e m b ~ ~
1841, Sal e' s br i ga de t ook p o s s e s s i o n o f Jalalabad; t h e walls were
i n a s t a t e whi ch mi ght have j u s t i f i e s d e s p a i r a s t o t h e possibility
of def endi ng them. The encei nt e was f ar t oo ext ensi ve f or t he small
f o r c e , embr aci ng a c i r c umf e r e nc e of upwa r ds of 2,300 yards* Its
t r a c i ng was vi c i ous in t h e extreme; it had no pa r a pe t except i ng for
a f e w hundred yards, which was not more t han 2 f e e t high.
Earth md
r ubbi s h had accumul at ed t o s u c h an e x t e n t about t h e ramparts that
t h e r e were r o a d s i n var i ous d i r e c t i o n s a c r o s s and over them into t he
count r y. The r e was a s p a c e of 400 ya r ds on whi ch none of the
ga r r i s on coul d s how t he ms e l ve s , e x c e p t i n g a t one s pot ; t h e popub-
t i on wi t hi n was d i s a f f e c t e d , and t h e whol e e nc e i nt e Was surrounded
by r ui ned f o r t s , w a l l s , mos ques , t ombs, and gar dens , from wh i c h a
f u k could be opened upon t h e de f e nde r s a t 20 or 30 yards*
The ga r r i s on t o o k f u l l p o s s e s s i o n o f t h e t own i n t h i s s t a t e on t h e
morning of t h e 1 5 t h o f November, and i n t h e c o u r s e o f t h e da y t h e
pl ai n and d e t a c h e d h i l l s by whi ch on o n e s i d e it is commanded were
s ur r ounded and s ur mount ed by a f o r c e o f n o t f e we r t h a n 5, 000 i ns ur -
ge nt s .
A g e n e r a l a t a c k on t h e 1 4 t h o f November r i d t h e ga r r i s on of
t h e s e enemi es, and a s i m i l a r ar r ay b r o u g h t a g a i n s t t hem a f o r t n i g h t
a f t e r wa r d s was d i s s i p a t e d by a s e c ond s al l y on t h e 1st o f December.
~ u t t h e y had s e i z e d t h e t own, havi ng i n t h e i r p o s s e s s i o n n o t q u i t e
t wo days ' pr ovi s i on, and c or n f o r t h e i r men and h o r s e s , and wi t h t h e
arduous t ask be or e them of st r i vi ng t o r ender t h e wor ks def ensi bl e,
and c ol l e c t i ng s u p p l i e s f o r t h e i r magazi ne from t h e mi d s t o f a
f anat i cal and i n ur i a t e d p e o p l e wi t h v e r y nar r ow means i n t h e way o f
t r e a s u r e t o pur chas e them.
On t h e 9t h of January 1842, t h e gar r i son was summoned by t h e l e a de r s
of t h e Af ghan r e be l l i on t o g i v e u p t h e pl a c e i n f ul f i l me nt o f a
convent i on e n t e r e d i n t o by t h e pol i t i c a l and mi l i t ar y a u t h o r i t i e s a t
Kabul, b u t a s t h e Br i t i s h Gener al , Si r Robe r t Sal e, was f ul l y as-
s ur e d of t h e bad f a i t h of h i s e ne mi e s h e r e f u s e d t o d o t h i s . Wor ks
had in t h e meantime been compl et ed, which r ender ed Bhe pl ace s ecur e
a ga i ns t t h e a t t a c k of any Asi at i c enemy n o t pr ovi de d wi t h s i e g e
ar t i l l er y. But on t h e 1 9 t h Febr uar y a t r e me ndous e a r t h q u a k e s h o o k
down dl t h e p a r a p e t s b u i l t u p wi t h s o much l abour , i nj ur e d s e v e r a l
of t h e ba s t i ons , c a s t t o t h e gr ound a l l t h e gua r d- hous e s , de mol i s he d
a t h i r d of t h e t own, made a c ons i de r a bl e br e a c h i n t h e r ampar t o f a
cur t ai n i n t h e Pes hawar f a c e , and r e d u c e d t h e Kabul g a t e t o a s h a p e -
less mass o f r ui ns .
The t r o o p s t ur ne d wi t h i n d e f a t i g a b l e i n d u s t r y t o t h e r e pa r a t i on o f
t h e i r wal l s, b u t a t t h e moment of t h e g r e a t convul s i on, Sa r da r
Muhammad Akbar Khan, Bar akzai , t h e a s s a s s i n of t h e l a t e Envoy and
t e a c he r ous d e s t r o y e r o f t h e Kabul f o r c e , havi ng c o l l e c t e d a body o f
t r oops , had advanced t o Mar khel , wi t hi n 7 m i l e s of t h e g a t e s . H e
a t t a c ke d t h e Br i t i s h f or a gi ng p a r t i e s wi t h a l a r g e body of h o r s e on
t h e 2 1 s t and 22nd, o f Febr uar y, and s oon a f t e r e s t a b l i s h i n g h i s
he a d- qua r t e r s t o t h e we s t wa r d, 2 m i l e s from t h e pl ace, and a s e c on-
da r y camp t o t h e e a s t wa r d, a bout 1 m i l e d i s t a n t , i n v e s t e d t h e t own
and e s t a b l i s h e d a r i g o r o u s bl ockade. From t h a t t i m e u p t o t h e 7 t h
of Apri l t h e r e d u c e d ga r r i s on was e nga ge d i n a s u c c e s s i o n of s k i r -
mi s hes wi t h t h e enemy, who, g r e a t l y s u p e r i o r i n h o r s e , pe r pe t ua l l y
i ns ul t e d t h e wal l s by a t t a c k s and alerts, and compel l ed t h e ga r r i s on
dai l y t o f i g h t a t a di s a dva nt a ge f o r f o r a g e f o r t h e i r c a t t l e . Th e
most r emar kabl e o f t h e s e a f f a i r s wer e t h o s e of t h e caval r y u n d e r
Lieutenant Mayne, commanding det achment Shah Sh @a' s 2nd Cavalry and
Jamadar Dina Si ng, 5 t h Li g h t Caval ry; a s al l y unde r Col onel Denni e,
C.B., t o d e f e a t a s u s p e c t e d a t t e mp t of t h e enemy t o d r i v e a mine on
t h e 11t h o f March; t h e r e p u l s e o f an a s s a u l t upon t h e t r a n s v e r s e
w a s to t h e northward of t h e pl ace on t h e 24t h of t h e same month by
de t a c hme nt s unde r Capt ai n Broad f o o t ( who was s e v e r l y wounded) and
Capt ai n Fenwi ck, Her Maj est y' s 1 3 l i g h t I nf a nt r y; t h e c a p t u r e o f
bul l oc ks and s h e e p by Li eut enant Mayne on t h e 30t h and 3 1 s t of
January; and t h e s e i z u r e o f l a r g e f l o c k s of t h e l a t t e r , i n t h e f a c e
o f Muhammad Akbar ' s army, by a f o r c e o f I nf a nt r y unde r Capt ai n
Pat t i son, Her ~ a j e s t y ' s 1 3 t h l i g h t I nf a nt r y, and of caval r y u n d e r
Capt ai n Ol df i e l d, on t h e 1st i ns t a nt . Th e s e s u c c e s s e s were c r owne d
by Pr ovi dence by t h e i s s u e o f t h e br i l l i a nt and d e c i s i v e a t t a c k on
t h e camp of t h e Sar dar on t h e 7 t h Apri l .
In a ddi t i on t o t h e t r o o p s a l a r g e body was f or med f r om t h e camp
f ol l owe r s and armed wi t h p i k e s and o t h e r weapons. On all oc c a s i ons
of a s s a u l t and s al l y t h e s e men were avai l abl e t o make a s how upon
t h e cur t ai ns .
From t h e t i m e t h a t t h e br i ga de t h r e w i t s e l f i n t o Jal al abad, t h e
nat i ve t r o o p s were on hal f , and t h e f ol l ower s on quar t er , rations,
and f o r many we e k s t h e y were abl e t o obt ai n little or not hi ng i n t h e
bazar s t o e k e out t h i s s c a nt y pr ovi si on.
The t r oops , of f i cer s , and
men, Br i t i s h and ~ i n d u s t a n i , of e ve r y arm, remained f ul l y accoutred
on t h e i r alarm p o s t s e ve r y n i g h t from t h e 1st March t o 7t h of April,
The gar r i s on was t h e n r el i eved by Gener al Pol l ock, t hough Muhammad
Akbar r ai s ed t h e bl ockade a f t e r h i s d e f e a t on t h e 7t h April.
~h~
l os s of t h e garri son t hr oughout t h e s i ege was one of f i cer and 24 men
ki l l ed, 7 o f f i c e r s and 131 men wounded. The d e f e n c e s of t he city
were a f t e r wa r d s de s t r oye d. (I.B.C., Johnson. )
JALAL KOL (d) cbiJh
33- 68-. A vi l l age in Kharwar; 24 f ami l i es of Gada Khel Ghilzais.
( ~ r i e s b a c h . ) Recent maps s how t h e name Kor Jal al a t 33-37 68-48.
( LWA 1
* JALALU A
33-47 69-22 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed n o r t h e a s t of Gardez and west of
Mirzaka i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
* JALAM e
32-37 67-40 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed on t h e Tarnak ri ver, 10 miles
sout h of Ghojan.
*JALAT KALAI 4 GL
32-3 68-40 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed near Patan Kalai, s out heas t of Wur
in s o u t h e r n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
JALGAH &
A f o r t 16 m i l e s from Char i kar . I t was uns ucces s f ul l y assaul t ed by a
Br i t i s h f or c e , 5 t h Oct ober 1840, unde r Si r Robert Sale, with a loss
of some 25 ki l l ed and wounded; t h e enemy, however, evacuated it
dur i ng t h e f ol l owi ng ni ght . (Sale.)
J ALI L
I-1
34-9 68-38 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed near Chak-i-Wardak and west of TOP
Kalai in Maidan pr ovi nce.
*JALIL SHAR r k u ?
34-31 67-40 m.
A vi l l age l ocat ed on t h e Bum-i-Abd-i-Ulum, south of
t h e Gardan-i-Qada.
JALMISH jL
35-1 68-4.
El evat i on 6, 630 f e e t . A pl ace in t h e Aodara, or defiles
of t h e Bamian r i ver be t we e n Shi kar i and ~o a b - i - M~k h zarin.
The i nhabi t ant s of Jal mi sh and t h e ~a ha n- i - ~a l mi s h ar e shaikh Ali
Hazards of t h e Sad Marda s ect i on. he main number of them live U P
t h e Dahan-i-Jalmish. In 1886 t h e y numbered over 1,000 families,
t h o u g h q u i t e hal f a s many more had r e c e nt l y emi grat ed on account qf
t h e l oc us t s . A l a r g e quant i t y of wheat , jowar, and some rice Is
grown; and a cons i der abl e amount of s u p p l i e s would be procurable*
The i nhabi t ant s al s o own f l o c k s and he r ds . Ther e i s good camping-
gr ound a t Jalmish pr oper , wi t h abundance of f u e l and some grass*
Dried g r a s s Cut on h i l l s i d e s is a l s o s t o r e d in quant i t i es at every
hamlet.
Ther e us ed t o be a t r ack down t h e Aodara t o Baghak; but i t has been
d e s t r o y e d by t h e r i ver , and now onl y men on f o o t can make t hei r way
down, and t h e y have a t one pl ace t o clamber over a smooth sloping
s he e t of rock. Another road t o t h e Surkhab valley goes northwest by
t h e ~ h o j a ~ ~ s h m i r and t h e Taj di n Kotal. The r e is no t r a c k up t h e
river t o ~ h i k a r i , a s t h e val l ey c o n t r a c t s t o an i mpassabl e g o r g e a t
t h e mouth of t h e Kara Si r khos ha k, a s h o r t di s t a nc e above t h e mouth
of t h e ~~ha n- i - J a l mi s h. Be s i de s t h e pa t h by t h e Kotal-i-Jalmish
(descri bed bel ow) , t h e onl y o t h e r pa t h l e a di ng s out h from Jal mi sh is
a f o o t t r a c k by t h e Dara Ghandak and over t h e mount ai ns t o ~ a mi a n ,
passabl e only by cr ag smen.
From Jalmish pr ope r t h e road t o Bi r gi l i ch, via t h e Jal mi sh ~ o t a l ,
a s c e nds t h e Aodara f o r 1-1/3 m i l e s unt i l it meets t h e mouth of t h e
aha an-i-Jalmish.
The l a t t e r is about 200 ya r ds wi de a t its mout h, and its bed
f o r t h e
f i r s t 2 miles is a l e v e l wat er - l ogged chaman; b u t t h e r e is a good
dr y roadway, 6 t o 8 f e e t wi de, al ong t h e s i de . I t t h e n becomes
cl osel y c ul t i va t e d, and habi t at i ons a r e s t r ung o u t all up it a s h i g h
a s t h e Pai Kotal vi l l age. A t 3 miles t h e val l ey o p e n s out t o 400
yar ds, and a t 3-1/2 m i l e s t h e l a r g e vi l l age of Sar-i-Polak is pa s s e d
with t r e e s , f i e l d s , and g r a s s y chamans.
~t 4-1/2 m i l e s t h e val l ey makes an a b r u p t bend; and pe r c he d on t h e
r oc ks and guar di ng t h e val l ey a r e t wo pi c t ur e s que r ui ned c a s t l e s ,
one on each s i d e and about 300 ya r ds apar t , bui l d of br i ck and
s t one, and cal l ed Kala Khak-i-Sabur. The s e c a s t l e s have been f i n e
bui l di ngs, a r e sai d t o be ve r y a nc i e nt and t o have been bui l t by a
chi ef cal l ed Kakaha.
Habi t at i ons, f i e l d s , and t r e e s cont i nue t o 7t h mi l e . Then t h e
valley c ont r a c t s , and t h e r e is a s t e e p r i s e of 70 f e e t i n its be d,
down whi ch t h e st r eam f a l l s in a cas cade. The road a s c e n d s t h i s
r i s e by an e a s y t r a c k. Two hundr e d ya r ds f u r t h e r on t h e val l ey
c ont r a c t s t o 40 f e e t bet ween hi gh r o c k s , f or mi ng a s h o r t g o r g e
cal l ed Tangi Kul-i-Agha. Above t h i s t a ngi t h e val l ey is onl y 100
yar ds wide, and cul t i vat i on is less cont i nuous. Small haml et s a r e ,
however , m e t wi t h a t s h o r t i nt er val s , and e ve r y avai l abl e pa t c h of
f e r t i l e gr ound is t i l l e d up t o t h e head of t h e valley.
Pai Kotal-i-Jalmish, 9 m i l e s , is t h e h i g h e s t haml et in t h e val l ey.
Good camping gr ound. Suppl i e s pr ocur abl e. No fuel. Altitude 9,760
f e e t .
From it a pat h l e a d s by Dara Karnala and over t h e hi l l s t o Gi r daneh,
wher e it h i t s t h e d i f f i c u l t f oot - t r ack whi ch l e a d s from Doab-Mikhza-
ri n by t h e Dara Pur kaf and over t h e Kotal Kharzar on t h e main r a nge
of t h e Hindu Kush i nt o t h e Dara Sangandao. Laden yabus u s e it, and
it is sai d t h a t camel s a l s o coul d t r a ve l by it t o Gi r daneh.
H a l f a m i l e above Pai Kotal vi l l age t h e Bi r gi l i ch road be nds t o t h e
r i g h t up t h e hi l l s i de , and commences t h e a s c e n t t o t h e Jal mi sh
Kotal.
The a s c e nt is about 1-3/4 miles l ong (it t ook 40 mi nut es t o r i d e up
it). For t h e f i r s t m i l e t h e pat h zi g- zags up a pr oj ect i on i n t h e
h i l l s i d e a t a g r a d i e n t of 1 i n 6 and f o r t h e r e ma i n d e r o f t h e
di s t ance a s c e n d s di agonal l y a c r o s s t h e s l opi ng hi l l s i de a t 1 i n 10
t o 1 i n 12. During t h i s l a t t e r pa r t of t h e a s c e n t t h e pat h is
e xpos e d t o r i f l e f i r e from t h e kot al , and t h e hi l l s i de is t o o s t e e p
t o allow of i nf a nt r y l eavi ng t h e pat hway. The pat h i t s e l f is q u i t e
s a f e , varyi ng i n br e a dt h from 2 t o 4 f e e t ; b u t a f a l s e s t e p would be
f at al t o man or beast . I t is pr act i cabl e f o r yabus and mules; and
were it not f or t h e l e n g t h of t h e a s c e n t mi ght be pr onounced
pr act i cabl e f or c l e ve r hi l l camel s, i f Li ght l y l aden.
The summit of t h e kotal is open and rounded, and t r oops could ext end
with eas e r i g h t and l e f t al ong it. In t h e f a c e of even a company of
r i f l e s on t h e t op, it would be i mpossi bl e f o r i nf a nt r y t o st or m t h e
in dayl i ght . Al t i t ude 11, 767 f e e t .
The r i d g e on whi ch t h e kot a l is s i t ua t e d, is a main s p u r of t h e Koh-
i - ~aol angah, whi ch is t h e most we s t e r l y emi nence of t h e main r a nge
of t h e Hindu Kush, and f u r t h e r we s t wa r ds becomes ver y broken and
r ocky, unt i l it f i nal l y a b u t s on t h e Aodarah. Besi des t hi s kot al ,
t h e onl y o t h e r pat hway ove r it is a t r a c k, d i f f i c u l t even for t h e
nat i ve mount ai neer s, whi ch l e a ve s t h e Dahan-i-Jalmish a t Tangi ~"1-
i-Agha, and l e a d s i n t o t h e head of t h e Dara Kariak.
Sout hwa r ds from t h e t o p of t h e kot al , a hi l l f oot pa t h leads to
Jaozar and t h e Kotal-i-Sangandao.
The d e s c e n t on t h e s o u t h is much eas i er .
A f a l l of 900 f eet , and
a bout 1 m i l e l ong (it t ook 25 mi nut es t o l ead a hor s e down i t ),
l e a d s i n t o t h e head of a val l ey, a bout 50 y a r d s wide and with a
l e v e l smoot h be d, c a l l e d Rah Kol. The zi g- zags of t h e des cent slope
a t 1 i n 8 t o 1 i n 6, and s o i l is e a s y cl ay or gravel ; no rocks.
The r e is a good e a s y mule t r a c k.
The r e a r e a number of s p r i n g s i n t h e head of t h e Rah Kol, which
would a f o r d wat er f o r any t r o o p s oc c upyi ng t h e kot al , and t he road
is e a s y goi ng f o r all ar ms down t h e Rah Kol and t h e Dara Birgilich
t o Kala Dar wesh, 16-1/2 miles from Jal mi sh.
With r e s p e c t t o t h e f e a s i bi l i t y of us i ng t h e r oad above described,
a s a means of communi cat i on be t we e n t h e Sur khab valley and the
Shibar pass, Peacocke makes t h e following remarks:
"The a s c e n t of t h e Kotal Sal at i , t h e d e s c e n t s of t h e Tajdin and
Pandanao Kot al s and bot h a s c e n t and d e s c e n t of t h e Jalmish Kotal are
a l l ver y s t e e p . The i r main d e s c e n t s and a s c e n t s al l average a
h e i g h t of from 1, 000 t o 1, 400 f e e t , and have mere mountain t racks up
or down t hem. The d e s c e n t i n t o t h e Aodara a t Jal mi sh is also a very
bad r oc ky g o r g e bel ow Muhammad Ki chah, and one climbs down the
narrow r oc ky wa t e r c our s e be t we e n l o f t y c l i f f s , a t one place only 5
f e e t a pa r t , and a l e d h o r s e d e s c e n d s its l ower 2-1/2 miles with
d i f f i c u l t y . El s e whe r e t h e goi ng is f o r t h e most pa r t easy f or pack
ani mal s al ong good p a t h s r unni ng up o r down f ai r l y open valleys.
The t wo g r e a t e s t e l e va t i ons r e a c he d on t h e r out e a r e t h e ~ot al - i -
Pandanao 11, 260 f e e t , and t h e Kotal-i-Jalmish 11, 767 f e e t .
No f o r c e of t r o o p s of any magni t ude coul d ve nt ur e t o march by this
p a t h from Doab-i-Mek hzar i n t o t h e Shi bar . A fig htly-equipped column
of i nf a nt r y coul d, no doubt , i f unoppos e d, t r a ve r s e t h i s route in
s i n g l e f i l e , and would f i nd s u p p l i e s a t Jal mi sh, and in ordinary
ye a r s a t t h e head of t h e Dara Zarsang; b u t t h e at t empt would be
da nge r ous in t h e ext r eme. A f e w c h a r g e s of gun- cot t on would hope-
l e s s l y bl ock t h e pa t h i n t h e d e f i l e bel ow Muhammad Kichah, where
t h e r e is no a l t e r na t i ve pa t h avai l abl e, and a s m a l l det achment could
hol d t h e Kotal-i-Jalmish, a g a i n s t enor mous odds . Checked below
Muhammad Ki chah, or a t Kot al - i - ~al mi sh, s uc h a f or c e would f i nd
t he ms e l ve s in a c u l d e s ac, wi t h no o u t l e t of es cape, except t he
s t e e p mountain road by which t he y had come.
Cons i de r e d a s a cont i nuat i on of t h e Sur kha b r oad, t h i s Path may be
d i s r e g a r d e d by t h e f oot - r unne r s of t h e ~ a d a k h s h a n - ~ a b u l post in
wi nt er , when t h e Chahar dar r oad is c l os e d by snow. A small detach-
ment on t h e Jal mi sh Kotal would c l o s e it i f it came within t he
s phe r e of ope r a t i ons .
The r o a d s up t h e Kamard and t h e Sai ghan val l eys a r e t h e only
t i o n s i n whi ch t h e r e is a pr a c t i c a bl e o u t l e t f or t r oops out of t he
head of t h e Sur kha b valley." (Peacocke. )
JAUIKHEL bh
32-20 67-56 m. A vi ua qe l ocat ed s o u t h o f t h e lib-i-fstada and 2
<
m i l e s n o r t h e a s t of Nawa.
JALRIZ
lurc
34-28 68-38. J a l r i z is an al aqadar i i n Wardak provi nce.
The daqb
da r i comprise^ an ar ea of 1, 139 s q u a r e ki l omet er s and has an 'qr'
c u l t u r a l p o p u l a t i o n t h a t h a s b e e n e s t i ma t e d a t f r om 10, 931 t o
15,644. The al aqadar i is bounded i n t h e w e s t by Behsud 1 and Day
Mirdad, in t h e nor t h by Sur kh Parsa, i n t h e e a s t by Maidan Shar and
Nerkh, and i n t h e s o u t h by Day Mirdad. J al r i z i nc l ude s 104 vil-
l ages. The vi l l ages a r e l i s t e d in t h e PG a s f ol l ows: Qarya-i-
~ a ma k i , Zeyolat, Zaimani, Deh Mirdan Zaimani, Ismail Khel, Qala-i-
Taj e k, Qala-i-Musa, Mo h d. Nur K h e l , Qol-i-Butum, Dara-i-Zeyarat,
Jaitun, Khar ut i Ulya wa Suf l a, Khani Khel (Khana), Fat eh Khel, Mir
Gu l Khel, Qala-i-Mansur, Qala-i-Negar, Qala-i-Surkh, Dur Khan Khel,
~ar ya- i - Jal r i z, Markaz-i-Jalriz, Fazel , Yadgar, Behbud, Shah Rukh,
Pas Shoy ( Shawi ) , Sangl akh, Dahan-i-Raqol, Pul-i-Shah, Dur Saray,
Dahan Qol ak, Koti Qazi , Khushk-i -Berzej , Qala-i-Zir Chenar , Khairul-
l ah, Seyah Sang, Sur k h Qala, Qala-i-Sari-Sang , Pet ab Qala, Qala-i-
Sayed Khan Shi r i n, Qala-i-S hah, Qala-i-Abg ha, Qala-i-Giro, Qala-i-
Shah Alam, Seh Qala, Dahan Armo, Daridah, Qala-i-Mirza Khan, Bala
Koh, Qala-i-Qutugh, Kota-i-Sukht. , Dara-i-Hesar, Qala-i-Sayed Mirza,
Koti Post i n- i - Doz, Kot i Hu kumat , Qala-i-Mali k, Bala Qala, Qala-i-
Bangi, Ahangaran, Dara-i -Shu k u r , Dar a- i - Zaker , Kota-i-Ali Ak ba r ,
Qala-i-Burjak, Sayed Khel, Gardana, Dara-i-Lak Khana, Qala-i-Rajab,
Ta Qal a, Pai n Qal a, Qala-i-Masum, S ha k ha1 Zar, Qala-i-Mo h d. A l i
Shah, Qala-i-Ismail, Dara-i-Baqab, Kharulang, Dewlan, Takana-i-Ulya
wa Sufl a, Si yah Pet ab, Deh Qal andar, Qala-i-Petab, Bag h-i-Langa k ,
J a ghi n, Qam Khal ak, Qal a-i -Mal i k, Ta ndor a h, Qol-i-Dost, Dewgan,
Qala-i-Jan Mohammad, Tog hr i , Tangl i ch, Dahan Tangi, Burj ak, Qala-i-
Karez, Qala-i-Ak h u n d , Dara-i-Mas j e d , Qal a-i -Jami l (Jamal ) , Qol-i-
N a l i , Qol-i-Nati, Sar cheshma, Qala-i-Sabz, Pushta-i-Mazar, Dar Kota,
Qala-i-Aslam, Qala-i-Kuhna, and H oni.
JALREZ Or JALI Z &
34-28 68-38 m. A l a r g e vi l l age on t h e main Kabul-Herat r oad, about
33 miles west of Kabul. I t lies on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Kabul
r i ver , i mmedi at el y above t h e j unct i on wi t h t h e l a t t e r of t h e Sang-
l akh Dara. I t c ont a i ns (i n 1904) some 450 f ami l i es o f Taj i ks and a
few Hindu s hop- ke e pe r s . The i nha bi t a nt s p o s s e s s about 500 head of
cat t l e, 700 s h e e p and g o a t s and 100 hor s e s . The annual pr oduc t i on
of wheat and bar l ey a ve r a ge s about 16, 500 I ndi an maunds. The val l ey
her e is not less t ha n a m i l e i n wi dt h, and is w e l l wooded, c h i e f l y
with popl ar s and willows. A g r e a t de a l of t i mber is c u t h e r e and
f l oat ed down t h e r i ve r t o Kabul, wher e it is us ed a s f u e l i n t h e
Government workshops.
The Kabul r i ver val l ey from Sar-i-Chashma vi l l age down t o J a l r e z is
i nhabi t ed by Taj i ks. On e ve r y s i d e a r e pr os pe r ous val l eys and t h e
cul t i vat i on is ver y r i c h e s pe c i a l l y i n t h e nei ghbour hood of J al r ez,
wher e i r r i ga t i on c ha nne l s have been l e d f a r up i nt o t h e hi l l s on
e i t he r s i d e of t h e valley. The pr i nci pal c r o p s a r e wheat and bar-
l ey, b e s i d e s whi ch t h e bakul i ( hor se- bean) and r e d cl over a r e l ar ge-
l y gr own. Th e r e a r e many mul be r r y, wa l nut a nd a p r i c o t t r e e s .
Gr apes and mel ons d o not r i pe n a s hi gh up a s J a l r e z b u t t h e cl i mat e
is much mi l der t ha n i n t h e Hazarajat. In 1904 t h e bar l ey had al-
r eady been ha r ve s t e d i n t h e f i r s t week of Jul y.
From J al r ez down t o Kot-i-Ashru, t h e valley, known a t f i r s t a s t h e
Zaiman and l a t e r a s t h e Manduka, is i nhabi t ed by Ghi l zai s. The
cul t i vat i on, t houg h still e x t e ns i ve , is di s t i nc t l y i n e r i or t o t h a t
in t h e uppe r por t i ons of t h e val l ey occupi ed by Taimuris and Taj i ks.
(Wanliss. )
JAMADAR KALA L.IE J'+
34- 70-. A vi l l age in t h e Sur khab s ubdi vi s i on of t h e Jalalabad
di s t r i c t . I nhabi t ant s: Taj i ks and G hi l zai s. (Jenkyns. )
JAMA-I-ALI ( T I &"u
A s e c t i o n of t h e Bul Hasan Besud Hazaras.
( See Military Report on
Ha z a r a j a t , P a r t 11)
JAMAIN
w
35-6 69-35 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d near t h e s our c e of t h e Tagab river,
on a pa t h r unni ng nor t h t o t h e Panj s hi r val l ey.
JAMAL Jk
A s e c t i o n of t h e Muhammad Khwaja Hazaras. ( See Military Report 0"
Hazarajat, Par t 11) A vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is west of Mushakai,
Ghazni , a t 33-14 68-7 m. (LWA)
JAMALAGHA Jb
35-4 69-18 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d n o r t h e a s t of Char i kar and south of
Gul bahar i n Parwan pr ovi nce.
JAMALI-0-SARBADALI &+P J Jk
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge in t h e Besud di vi s i on of t h e Jalalabad di s-
trict, s i t u a t e d near t h e c onf l ue nc e of t h e Kabul and Kunar rivers,
be t we e n bot h. The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Taj i ks and Arabs. (Jenkyns.)
JAMROGHA See DAIMIRDAD W
JAMBUD *
A s e c t i o n of Naoroz Besud Hazaras, numberi ng 100 fami l i es and re-
s i di ng near Pai Kotal of Shi bar . ( See Military Repor t on Hazarajat,
Pa r t I1 .)
J AM I UL
A s e c t i o n of t h e Dai Kundi s Hazaras, numberi ng 300 families. (See
Military Re por t on Hazarajat, Pa r t 11.)
JRMIAT
w
A s m a l l d i s t r i c t , d i s t a n t 12-1/2 miles from Oba and 2 miles south of
Karabag h. The r e a r e a g r e a t number of s qua r e f o r t s s cat t er ed over
t h e pl ai n, whi ch is h i g h l y c ul t i va t e d, havi ng much l ucerne and
cl over . Suppl i e s of a l l s o r t s a r e pr ocur abl e her e, e xc e pt that
camel - f or age is not ve r y pl e nt i f ul . (Garden. ) A vi l l age with this
name i s l oc a t e d a t 32-14 67-43 m. (LWA)
JAMRUD OR JAN MURAD
+9*
33- 8 68-5 G. A hal t i ng pl a c e be t we e n Mukur and Ghazni, 26 miles
from t h e f or mer and 38 from t h e l a t t e r . he i nhabi t ant s ar e Chahar
Dasta Hazaras. I t is f o r t i f i e d , owi ng t o its c l os e proximity to
vi l l a ge s t o t h e Andari Ghi l zai s. (Gasel ee. ) (See Military Report
on Hazaraj at , Par t 11.)
JAMSHIDABAD d&TJGe
A vi l l age i n Lag hman. I nha bi t a nt s Taj i ks. (warburton. )
&L
J ANA
33-25 68-8 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a st r eam, nor t h west of Ranakhel
i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
oL
JANABAD
33-24 68-36 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d 2 m i l e s e a s t of t h e ~ a r d e h Bnd-
Ghazni r oad, a bout 14 miles s o u t h e a s t of ~ h a z n i .
*JANBAZKHEL
&jbL
34-17 70-14 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d w e s t of Cha pr i a r and s o u t h we s t of
* JANDA
4 &L
34-18 69-34 m. A vi l l a qe l oc a t e d on a s t r eam nor t h o f Tiza, on a
- -
path running bet ween ~ h a k a r a i and Cha ha r t ut .
* JANDAD
J\ &k
34-7 67-33 m. A vi l l a qe l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y o f t h e Garmab r i ve r ,
near Gar dandeh i n s o u t h e r n Bamian pr ovi nce.
noth her pl a c e wi t h t h i s
name is a bout 4 miles s o u t h of ~ e h s u d i n Maidan pr ovi nce, a t 34-19
67-54 m.
JANDARGAL
J, J;
34-46 68-2 m. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Kalu s u b d i s t r i c t o f Bamian. ( See
Military Re por t on Hazaraj at , Pa r t 11.) Re c e nt maps s how t h e name
Jandargal-i-Ulya. (LWA)
* JANGADAM tdL
34-57 69-15 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d west o f t h e Dasht-i-Bagram and
s o u t h e a s t o f Char i kar .
JANGAL &
35-23 67-54 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Kahmard,
about 4 m i l e s from its c onf l ue nc e wi t h t h e Kahmard.
JANGDALAK (dud,)&
34-54 68-31. A wi de and f e r t i l e da r a whi ch j oi ns t h e Ghor band
val l ey from t h e s o u t h a t a bout 4 m i l e s e a s t of Bin-i-Sehwak. A r oad
r uns up it to\ t h e Kotal-i-Jangalak f o r t h e Turkoman Dara. (Pea-
cocke.) Recent maps show t h e spel l i ng Jangalak. (LWA)
JANGALAK
&
35-11 67-44 m. Two haml et s i n t h e Dai Zangi d i s t r i c t o f Lal. ( See
Military Re por t on Hazaraj at , Pa r t 11.) The a r e a is a f e w m i l e s
e a s t of Sai ghan. (LWA)
* JANGALAK &
33-17 68-5 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d some 2 m i l e s e a s t of Kuhna Deh and
west of Qalat-Ghazni r oad. Nearby is a n o t h e r vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name
a t 33-19 68-4 m. Ot her vi l l a ge s wi t h t h i s name a r e l oc a t e d on t h e
Taranpas st r eam, on a pa t h l e a di ng from t h e Dara-i-Mur a c r o s s t h e
Kuh-i-Baba, a t 34-32 67-7 m. On t h e Sai qhan r i ve r , some 5 miles
e a s t of Sai g han.
JANGALAK &
34-29 69-9 A. A vi l l a ge in t h e Cha r de h val l ey, on t h e r i g h t bank o f
t h e Kabul r i ve r be t we e n Guz a r ga h a nd ~a l a - i - Gh a i b i . About 1 0 0
hous e s , I nhabi t ant s : Taj i ks. (I.B.C.)
JANGALKAI &
34-4 70-7 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d nor t h of Spi n Ghar on a st r eam run-
ning nor t h i n t o t h e Sur khr ud i n Nangarhar pr ovi nce.
JANGAL MURDA * +&
34-30 67-34 G. ( See Mi l i t ary Re por t on Hazaraj at , Par t 11.) Th e
8t h s t a g e on t h e Ghazni--Band-i-Amir r oad, 88 m i l e s nor t h- nor t h w e s t
of t h e f or mer pl ace, and j u s t e a s t of t h e J a n g d Murda Kotal.
* JANGHARIQ &&b
34-18 67-27 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a st r eam, about 3 miles from
its c onf l ue nc e wi t h t h e Helmand r i ver .
Anot her vi l l age with this
name, a l s o cal l ed J a ngha r i q J u i , is i n t h e Char bur j a area, west of
Tor Band.
*JAN1 KHAN KALA d J&
32-41 68-52 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a r oad r unni ng nort h from
Gomal, e a s t of Metar Khune.
JANGJAI JG
34-31 67-33 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on t h e Kat akhak st ream, about 4
m i l e s nor t hwes t of Kat akhak.
JANGO
A st r eam dr a i ni ng t o t h e Tal khak va l l e y.
* JANGRIGH e&
34-19 67-30 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d near Shawqol Karez on t h e Helmand
r i ver . Also see J ang har i q.
JANGUL KALA d&k
32-46 68-46 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d e a s t of t h e Qajirano Ghar and
s o u t h of Amna i n e a s t e r n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
*JANI KHEL Jv j L
32-18 68-18 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d w e s t of t h e Loy Ziri Ghar, on the
way nor t h from Wazakhwa. Anot her vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is located
a t 32-46 68-24 m.
JANI KHEL b j L
33-39 69-46. Jani Khel is a wol eswal i in Pakt ya province. The
wol eswal i c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 294 s qua r e ki l omet er s and has an
a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on t h a t ha s been e s t i ma t e d a t from 13, 725 t o
20, 909- The wol eswal i is bounded i n t h e w e s t by Lajmangal, in t he
nor t h by Chamkani and Dand-wa-Patan, i n t h e e a s t by Jaj i Maidan, and
in t h e Sout h by Bak, Sar ot i , a n d Musa Khel. Jani Khel has some 87
vi l l ages , 11 o f whi ch have more t ha n 500 i nhabi t ant s . The villages
a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows :
Chelam, Robat, Nagar Kalai (Dangar Kalai), Rag hos h ~ a l a i , Almar Khel
(Lmar Khel), Tabul zai ( Bul zai ) , Bar k a h 01 (Bar Kal ai ), Sr ah Bul zai ~
Hot i t Sa wa ki , Gh u n d i Kal ai , Mezay, Mana, S t i Khel ( St an Khel),
Khali.1 (Khalilan), Dwa Mandi, Bazi Khel, Sur okai , par0 Khel, wasti
(West0 Ghundi ) , Darwaza Kalai, Mya Khel, Wocha Khola, Mushi, Ster
Kalai, Hasanzai ( Senzai ) , Ba s ht i ( obuk ht i ) , ~ l g hor (Warqol ~ a l a i ) ~
Mogai-i-Ulya (Bar Mogai), Mogai-i-Su f l a, Darg hakai Mogai, ~0gai - i -
Sar mast i Kahol, Kotkai, Bora Khel, She r o ~ h e l , Faze1 Kahol, Agal
Kahol, Kamar Khel (Lmar Khel ), Alech Kahol, ~ h o y ~ a h o l (Khi ~ h e l ) ~
Sur i t Wocha Khola, Sha gi Kahol, AZO ~ a h o l , Mundata, Zhawrona, hand-
man9 ( Khadang) , Khar Kot, Dar Kahol (Darro Kahol), Taraki ~a l khe l f
Der endah Bar K hel , K honi Kahol, Gal arzai (Gliz han ark hell, Lagada
( Wa d a h Bar Khel ), Shah Khel ( ~a r a - i - s ha h Khal), ~ a n d i Khola IMonda
Khel ), Ghonzai , Tanga, Tandah, Bad ~ a g ha (Bog h) , ~a l mi , Mad Kh a n
Kalai. Chi nar qai ( Senar i ) , Managai (Mandagai), Landi Rag hat Fleshit
Shagi t Chal i ( Char r i Bazi Khel), Jani Khel (Maidan Khola), Togha
h l a i Bar Khel, Bar (Barkho ifalai), ~ o z Khangi, EIar ~ h a t q a l t Tangi
(Tangi Shak hal l , Pelwa, Gar s hi n ( Bar sha Barr ~ h e l ) , ~ a n z u l g a d a ~ f 'Or
Bul z a i (Bor Kahol Bul ai ) , Tor ~ u l r a i , Mad k hi , 1s h ke r i . L wa f l a h l
Zar 90n, Worzoki, Khal Kahol, Khabi Kahol, Apkhel , and Hag ~ a h ~ l *
J AN1 KHEL
& j k
32-46 68-23. Jani Khel is an al aqadar i i n Ghazni pr ovi nce. The
al aqadar i c ompr i s e s an ar ea o f 983 s qua r e ki l omet er s and ha s an
agr i cul t ur al popul at i on t h a t ha s been es t i mat ed a t from 3,766 t o
4,051. The al aqadar i is bounded i n t h e west by Ab Vand, in t h e
s out hwe s t by Dila, in t h e s o u t h by Wazakhwa, i n t h e e a s t by Gomal,
and in t h e nor t h by Katawaz, Sul t an Khel, and Omna. Jani Khel ha s
about 48 vi l l ages , one of whi ch ha s more t ha n 500 i nhabi t ant s . The
vi l l ages a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows: Jal al zai , J a f a r Kala Khel,
Kala Khel, Chambar-i-Faqir, Malang Khel- Wa-Shadi-Khel, Gadol-i-Shir
Khan, C hambaran, Sh e r Al i , Guldar, Qala-i-Sado, Mohammad Ayub, Shi n
Chah, Dawud, Karim Khan, Al i Khan, Qalandar, Malik Khel, Qala-i-
Ahmadi, Chambar-i-Mohammad Nazar, Mohammad Amin, Shak Khel, Hast i ,
~al a- i - Haj i Yaqub, Masjed-i-Mami Chambar, Qala-i-Kohna, Kala Khel-i-
Muchak, Babu Khel, Shat or i , Khanjaki, Mohammad Al i , Chuni , Kola-i-
Hakim, Kandar i , Kani zak, Bar l ak, Fa qi r a n, Naim Gu l , Kok Mandi ,
Qarya-i-Mahtar, Zalgaray, Qal andar Kh el, Ra s ul Khan, Qarya-i -Tor,
J a ye Shi nya Mul l ahi r , Mar z a k, Ti r ah , J e g a n , Qar ya- i - Bal uch, J a n
Khel, and Kala To.
JAN MUHAMMAD h a k
A v i l l a g e i n Laghman. I nha bi t a nt s Kohi st ani s. (Warburton.)
* JAODUDI 6 J> JJ' +
34-26 67-13 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a pa t h connect i ng t h e val l eys
of t h e Dara-i-Mur and Darazqol i n Bamian pr ovi nce.
* JAODURA 4fi4k
34-9 67-25 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d near t h e s our c e of a t r i but a r y of
t h e Helmand r i ve r i n Bamian pr ovi nce.
* JAODURI cw ~ > k
33-7 67-23 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Ar ghandab
r i ver in Ghazni pr ovi nce.
JAO KALA
(See Mi l i t a r y Report on Hazar aj at , Pa r t 11.)
,k
A v i l l a g e i n t h e Kolani gl en i n t h e Dai Zangi Hazara count r y.
JAOKAR J 6 P
34-21 68-13 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d s out h of Bi rnai di , on a t r i but a r y
of t h e Dara-i-Jelga in Maidan pr ovi nce.
*JAOKUL Or JAWQUL cbie
34-44 68-2 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d on a t r i b u t a r y o f t h e S h i k a r i
r i ver , about 2 m i l e s s o u t h e a s t of t h e Sawzaw i n e a s t e r n Bamian
provi nce. Ot her pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name a r e l ocat ed on t h e Shi ka r i
r i ver , s out he a s t o f Gumbad, a t 34-40 68-2 m.; on a t r i but ar y of t h e
Ghorband, about 2 miles from its c onf l ue nc e wi t h t h e Ghor band, a t
34-54 68-23 m.; and on t h e Shemel t u st r eam, about 2 miles n o r t h e a s t
of Bari Qol, a t 33-52 68-10 m.
JAORUL &P?
34-24 68-18 m. ( Se e Mi l i t ar y Re p o r t on Ha z a r a j a t , Pa r t 11.) A
f or t i f i e d vi l l age, and a sar ai , on t h e main Kabul-Herat r oad, 56
miles west o f Kabul and 6 1/2 miles west of t h e Unai pas s . Anot her
Pl ace wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 34-29 68-17 m. (LWA)
JAOLANGAH KOH (.a'*) 4 s &
IS t h e most we s t e r l y emi nence of t h e main r a nge of t h e Hindu K U S ~ ,
whi ch f u r t h e r we s t wa r ds becomes ve r y br oke n and r ocky, until i t
f i nal l y a but s on t h e Aodara. Be s i de s t h e Jal mi sh Kotal, t he r e is a
pa t h way ove r it, d i f f i c u l t e ve n f o r nat i ve mount ai neers, which
l e a ve s
t h e Dahan-i-Jalmish a t Kul-i-Agha and l e a d s i nt o t h e head of
t h e ~ a r i a k Dara, and s o on t o t h e Br i gi l i ch val l ey; and anot her via
t h e Sangandao Kotal, whi ch c r o s s e s one of its s out he r n spur s, thus
f or mi ng a communi cat i on be t we e n t h e Ghor band val l ey and t he Birgi-
l i c h Dara. The pr ol ongat i on of t h i s same s p u r f or ms t h e watershed of
t h e Shi bar Kotal. (Peacocke. )
JAOPALAL
Jr,
34-35 68-14 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Helmand, east
of t h e Si asang area. Ot he r pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name a r e l ocat ed south
of t h e ~uh- i - Ta ba qs a r and 2 m i l e s n o r t h of t h e Dahana-i-Jaopalal, a t
34-54 67-31 m.; i n t h e Kuh-i-Baba, n o r t h of t h e Kuh-i-Sar-i-Ghar, at
34-36 67-44 m.
JAORSANG LA,?
34-22 68-16 rn. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d near a t r i but a r y of t h e Dara-i-
J e l ga i n Maidan pr ovi nce.
JAOZA I
33-40 68-59 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e u p p e r Logar, sout heast of
Nawa-i-Kharwar.
*JAOZAR Or J AOZZAR ,'A?
33-46 69-1 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d some 4 m i l e s west of t h e Gardez-
Kabul r oad, nor t h of t h e Kharmurda mountain. Ot her pl aces with t hi s
name a r e l oc a t e d near a t r i but a r y of t h e Ghorband, nor t h of Shibar,
a t 34-27 68-11 m.; and on a t r i but a r y of t h e Ghorband, e a s t of the
Kuh-i-Yakhdara, a t 34-53 68-48 m.
J AOZAR J'H
34-20 67-11 m. Se e Military Re por t on Hazarajat, Part 11. A village
i n t h e e a s t of t h e Bamian d i s t r i c t .
' JARCHI AN
"LtlL
33-59 68-38 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d some 6 m i l e s s out h west of Sayyid-
abad i n Maidan pr ovi nce.
J ARF
d~
34- 67-. A l a r ge , w e l l c ul t i va t e d val l ey, dr ai ni ng nor t h from the
main Koh-i-Baba r ange, and de bouc hi ng i nt o t h e Ghorband valley about
3 m i l e s west of Bin-i-Shewak. A r oad l e a d s up it t o t h e Nirkh ~ o t a l
f o r Karezak. (Peacocke. )
J ARK
d*
34-3 67-11 m.
A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d i n t h e Pi t aoqol area, nort hwest
Sar-i-Jark i n s o u t h e r n Bamian pr ovi nce.
JARKANA
33-5 68-30 m.
A vi l l age l oc a t e d east of Jarkana Ghar and about 30
m i l e s s o u t h of Ghazni .
JARKHANA Or JARKANA
&Lp
33-5 68-25 m.
The name of a r i d g e t o t h e e a s t of t h e ~ h a z n i river
i n t h e Ghi l zai count r y. Br oadf oot c o n n e c t s it wi t h t h e range above
Kharwar; but t h i s must be a mi st ake, a s t h e Gardez ri ver runs be-
t ween t h e J ar khana and Kharwar hi l l s . (Broad foot . )
* JARMATOI
&rr
34-6 69-46 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d s out h of t h e Spi n Ghar mountain
r ange, s o u t h e a s t of Azro i n Logar pr ovi nce.
*JARUKASHAN &'k
34-49 67-10 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on t h e Band-i-Amir, w e s t o f t h e
l a ke s i n Bamian pr ovi nce.
LL
JASHA
A s e c t i on of t h e Dai Kundi Hazaras. ( See Military Repor t on Hazara-
j at , Par t 11.) A vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d e a s t of t h e Tor
Band and s o u t h we s t of Mazar i n Ghazni pr ovi nce, a 33-15 67-8 m.
(LWA)
JAUZ KHEL
Je*
33-40 68-54 G. A vi l l age i n Kharwar, 40 h o u s e s of Gada Khel Ghil-
zais. ( Gr i esbach .)
JAWARI CHIN1 &dr%
34- 70-. El evat i on 5,300 f e e t . A pa s s i n t h e Siah Koh r ange,
l eadi ng from Jalalabad i nt o t h e Laghman valley. (I.B.C.)
*JAWUL KHEL &&k
31-59 68-50 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d about 5 miles s out h of Mamai
(Sharak) i n s out he r n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
* JEDACHEL &'J?
34-49 67-17 m. Two vi l l ages l oc a t e d about 5 m i l e s s o u t h e a s t of t h e
Band-i-Amir l a k e s i n Bamian pr ovi nce.
JELAL KHEL &J%
A main s e c t i on of t h e Nasi rs. A vi l l age wi t h t h i s name i s l oc a t e d a t
32-20 68-30 G. (LWA)
JELAL KHEL
A s e c t i on of t he Sulaiman Khels.
JEZKA d 2
34- 67-. A pl ace in t h e Besud count r y. ( See ~ i l i t a r y Repor t on
Hazar aj at , Pa r t 11.)
*JIJAN-I-BALA 16 "b
34-4 67-2 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed nor t hwe s t of Kajalak, on a t r i bu-
t ar y of t h e Helmand r i ver i n Bamian pr ovi nce.
J ELAN "b
33-9 68-12 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d some 5 m i l e s e a s t of t h e Qalat-
Ghazni road i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
*JILGA Jk
33-7 67-5 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d nor t h of t h e Kuh-i-Nawa and s out h-
e a s t of t h e Kuh-i-Pai J i l ga i n we s t e r n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
JILGA See MURSAL
JIffi A Or JILGU
33-18 68-42 m. A name gi ven t o t h e r i ve r f or med by t h e j unct i on,
s out hwe s t of Gar dez, of t h e st r eam f l owi ng from t h e Al t i mu r pass
wi t h t h e Spi n, o r Sa pe ga Rud whi ch f l o ws from t h e di r ect i on of the
~ i r z a k a i pas s . The J i l ga event ual l y f a l l s i n t o t h e Ghazni ri ver some
d i s t a n c e bel ow G hazni . Recent maps s h 0 w t h e s pe l l i ng Rud- i - ~ul ~~- i ,
Janubi .
*J IMATI 34
34-38 68-2 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d near t h e Kotal-i-Hajigak, on t h e
bor de r of Bamian and Maidan pr ovi nc e s .
*JIM QALA * ~ t
34-51 67-32 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e Achaqol-i-Shahidan, some 20
miles west of Bamian.
JINGAN See BAGHAL-I-KANDU
d L
JINJAM w
35- 71-. A Kam haml et , of some doz e n hous e s , i n Kafi ri st an perched
h i g h up on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e t o r r e n t whi ch f l ows down t o the
e a s t of Kamdesh. ( Rober t son. )
*JIRALI &*
35-14 69-41 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Panjshir,
a bout 2 m i l e s s o u t h of Babali i n Kapisa pr ovi nce.
J I RGHA I
A l a r g e s e c t i o n of t h e Besud Hazaras. (See Military Repor t on Haza-
r a j a t , P a r t 11.)
JIRGHAI US1 MUHAMMAD
( f& ) A=>\ >*
A s e c t i o n of Besud Hazaras. ( See Mi l i t ary Repor t on Hazarajat, Part
I 1 .)
JIRIA KHANA
34- 67-. A p a s s over t h e Koh-i-Baba r ange, c r os s e d by a track
whi ch l e a ve s t h e Ghazni-Bamian main road a t a pl ace about 1 1/2
miles e a s t of J angal Murda vi l l age. The t r a c k l e a d s up a ravine,
which is doubt l ess t h e main branch of t h e
Kata Khak gl en, t o t h e Si ah Reg Kotal. The t o p of t h e pas s would be
a bout 10 miles from whe r e t h e t r a c k l e a ve s t h e main road. Jiria
Khana is unde r s t ood t o be a pl ace on t h e nor t h s i d e of t h e oh-i-
Baba, a t t h e head of t h e Shahi dan gl en. However, t h e Siah Reg road
Pr ope r a p p e a r s t o l ead d i r e c t t o Bamian by t h e Fauladi glen, and
t h e r e is r eas on t o s u p p o s e a n o t h e r p a s s e x i s t s , west of t h e Siah
Reg, whi ch is known a s t h e J i r i a Khana. On t h e ot he r hand, Jiria
Khans may be onl y a n o t h e r name f o r t h e Siah ~ e g . The l a t t e r i s said
t o be a h i g h and r a t h e r d i f f i c u l t pas s . ~t is, however , practicable
f o r l a de n mul es and yabus. I f t h e r e is a Ji r i a Khana Kotal i t is
wor s e t ha n t h e Si ah Reg, b u t n e i t h e r of t hem a r e s o good a s t he zard
Sang. Anot her road t o t h e Si ah Reg p a s s a p p e a r s t o l ead from Kala
Ghawas, a pl ace about 9 miles west of Jangal Murda. (A.B-C=r from
nat i ve i n or ma t i on .)
J I RMATU
A st r eam i n t h e J a gha t u Hazara count r y. ( See ~ i l i t a r y Report On
Hazar aj at , P a r t 11.)
*JISH
jl.r
34-4 67-15 m.
A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Helmand
r i ver , east of Pi t aoqol .
*JISHPAL
J+
35-25 70-20 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on t h e Nur est an r i ver , some 6
miles s o u t h we s t of At at i i n Lag hman pr ovi nce.
*JISKA
L-
34-6 67-27 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a pa t h from Garmab t o t h e
Helmand val l ey i n s o u t h e r n Bamian pr ovi nce.
* JIWAZAK
dj %
34-43 68-23 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on t h e Qol-i-Khesh, about 1 m i l e
from Dahan-i-Khakriz i n Par wan pr ovi nce.
JOGA &
33-15 68-23 G. A vi l l age i n Shi l gha r d i s t r i c t of t h e Ghi l zai coun-
t r y, 27 miles from Ghazni on t h e road t o Pannah. Br oadf oot d e s c r i b e s
it a s a c l u s t e r of f o r t s . (Broadfoot . )
* JOKAK
34-58 68-1 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on t h e Shi ka r i r i ver , some 6 m i l e s
nor t h of Shi ka r i i n e a s t e r n Bamian pr ovi nce.
JOKHAN Or JOKAN
J*
34-16 69-52 A. A vi l l age in t h e Khugi ani count r y, s o u t h we s t of
Jalalabad. (McNair.) Recent maps show t h e s pe l l i ng Cakan (Tsakan).
(LWA)
JOLAH
dP?
34-53 68-3.
A dar a dr ai ni ng nor t h from t h e Koh-i-Baba t o t h e Shi bar
val l ey h e r e c a l l e d t h e Bul ol a Dara. A t its d e b o u c h u r e i n t o t h e
l a t t e r , 2-1/4 miles below t h e mouth of t h e Kablantu ~ a n g i , it is 400
yar ds wide. A road l e a d s up it t o Kala Jol ah (3 miles), and con-
t i nues on t h e "Kala ~ i s a r " i n Besud by t h e Kotal-i-Sabzab, sai d t o
be a d i f f i c u l t r oad, but pr act i cabl e f o r l aden animals. From Kala
Jolah a road a l s o l e a d s over t h e Kotal-i-Jolah t o t h e mouth of t h e
Dara Shumbal on t h e one hand, and on t h e o t h e r over t h e Kotal-i-
Khushkak p a s t Khushkak vi l l age and over t h e I r ak Kotal (Not t o be
confused with t h e pass of t ha t name on t h e main range t o t h e south-
"Khushkak.") t o t h e Irak val l ey, whi ch it j oi ns about 3/4 m i l e above
t h e j unct i on of t h a t val l ey wi t h t h e Dara Jandar gal . Thi s r oad
forms an a l t e r na t i ve t o t h e main Shi bar road bet ween t h e Kashka
Kotal and t h e mouth of t h e Dara Shumbal.
According t o r e p o r t s t h e main r out e is act ual l y hal f a m i l e s h o r t e r
t han t h e Jolah r oad, b u t i n t h e l a t t e r t h e d i s t a n c e s a ppe a r t o be
e xa gge r a t e d, and p e r h a p s a m i l e and a hal f may be t a ke n o f f . St i l l
t h e savi ng cannot be s u f f i c i e n t t o compens at e f o r havi ng t o c r o s s
t h r e e hi gh kot al s . AS an a l t e r na t i ve r oad it is good f o r e ve r yt hi ng
but ar t i l l er y and heavi l y l aden camels, and mi ght be empl oyed t o
r el i eve p r e s s u r e on t h e main r out e.
The road from t h e Bulola up t h e Jol ah is t h u s de s c r i be d by Peacocke
(October 1886):
"The l ower 2 m i l e s of Dara Jol ah is a d i f f i c u l t pa t h, even f o r pack
animals. The dar a is h e r e 75 ya r ds wi de and ver y r ocky, and t h e
Pat h cl i mbs al ong t h e f o o t of t h e hi l l s i de , c ons t a nt l y c r os s i ng and
r ecr os s i ng t h e narrow r oc ky gul l y i n whi ch t h e Jol ah st r eam f l ows .
It would be a f ai r l y heavy b i t of work t o make it pas s abl e f o r guns.
A t 2nd m i l e t h e dar a ope ns o u t t o 500 ya r ds , and t h e s l o p e s of t h e
hi gh hi l l s a t bot h s i d e s become smoot h and r ounded. From h e r e
upwar ds, a s f a r a s coul d be s e e n, t h e dar a is w e l l c ul t i va t e d, wi t h
a f e w trees i n t h e bed of t h e val l ey, t h o u g h all t h e hi l l s i de s are
qui t e bare. Habi t at i ons now commence, t h e r e bei ng i n all s e ve n f o r t
vi l l ages wi t h t h r e e wat ermi l l s gr ouped around t h e main of
Kala Jol ah a t 3rd mi l e . Each f o r t is of about 15 t o 20 families
(Darghani s); and each f o r t owns about one f l ock of 500 sheep and
some 500 head of cat t l e. A t Kala Jol ah I joined t h e alternative
road from Irak, whi ch he r e be nds t o t h e l e f t up t h e long hillside
s l ope t o t h e Jol ah Kotal."
is account of t h e road from Kala Jol ah over t h e Jolah pass ot t h e
Shi bar val l ey is a s fol l ows:
"The a s c e nt is a s t eady gr adi ent of 1 in 6 t o 1 in 4 f or one mi l e .
Ther e is a good road f o r baggage animals, e x c e p t over t he l ast quar-
t e r m i l e , whi ch would r equi r e c r o s s l evel l i ng even f or baggage
animals, t h e hi l l s i de is s o s t e e p. I t is qui t e impracticable f or a
bat t er y, owing t o its combined s t e e p n e s s and l engt h, and is a very
heavy climb f o r l aden camels. The t ot al rise t o t h e t op of the
a s c e nt from t h e poi nt wher e t h e Dara Jol ah (8,785 f eet ) is l ef t is
1,120 f e e t . The hi l l s i de is qui t e open and smooth--soil a light
clay-- and e x c e p t f or t h e l e ngt h it would not be di f f i c ul t t o make a
road up it. To allow of a gr adi ent of 1 in 15, s uch a road would be
some 3 miles l ong. The t o p of t h e kot al is an open grassy dasht
drai ni ng in de e p undul at i ons t owar ds t h e Dara Shumbal. The descent
t o t h e Shumbal is, owing t o its s t e e pne s s , qui t e impracticable for
guns. I t is in all 1 1/4 miles l ong, and t h e t ot al fal l is 1, 060
f e e t . For t h e f i r s t hal f m i l e t h e gr adi ent is easy, and t he road
good down a hollow. I t t he n becomes ver y s t e e p , varying from 1 in 4
t o 1 i n 3. Ther e is, however, a 10 f oot wide road all t he way,
whi ch is pr act i cabl e f or l aden camels and al l t r oops , except artil-
l e r y. "
"The Dara Shumbal is an open roomy val l ey about 700 yards wide; its
bed is l evel and wel l -cul t i vat ed and s t udde d with villages. I t
cont ai ns in al l 11 vi l l ages, with 7 wat ermi l l s and 270 families of
Darg han Hazaras. A good st ream f l ows down it i n a broad gravelly
bed, and a road l e a ds up it and over t h e ~ot al -i -Zi rak at t he head
i n t h e main r ange o t Kala Hi ssar (Thi s pl ace has never been lo-
cat ed. ) in Besud. The Kotal-i-Zirak is ver y hi gh and di f f i cul t , and
is sai d t o be f i t only f or pack yabus and bul l ocks. A t i t s mouth a
minor val l ey j oi ns on t h e w e s t cal l ed Dara Gharjarak, containing a
coupl e of small f o r t s and a small area of cul t i vat i on.
"There i s good camping ground f or a l ar ge f or c e in t h e Shambal.
No
gr a s s or f uel , but s uppl i e s ar e procurabl e.
"Crossi ng t h e Shumbal st ream, t h e main Shi bar road which had been
l e f t a t Bulola was j oi ned a t 4 12 m i l e s above Kala Bulola, and close
under t h e t ower i ng c r a gs on t h e l e f t cal l ed Sangi-Shibar. Below
t h i s poi nt t h e Shumal st ream f l ows a t t h e f oot of t he s e Crags in a
de p, narrow, wall-sided gor ge t o t h e mouth of t h e Dara ~ i r g f i i ~ ~ .
Thi s gor ge is about 70 yar ds wi de, and c l i f f s a t each si de are 200
t o 400 f e e t hi gh, wi t hout any break, and qui t e inaccessible.
The
bed of t h e gor ge is st ony, but f ai r l y l evel ; and t her e i s a good
road, easy f or guns, down it t o t h e mouth of t h e ~ i r g i l i c h ravine
1/2 miles l ower down.
"Crossi ng t h e mouth of t h e Dara Shumbal, t h e main road (to Shibar
pass) pa s s e s t hr ough a de e p r ocky gor ge, about 40 yards wide, f or
3/ 5 m i l e (viz., t o 4 7/8 m i l e above Kala Bulola). A t t he entrance
t o t h i s small gor ge t h e road is bl ocked by l ar ge boul de r s Ther e is
a good camel track t hrough them; but t o remove boulders and improve
a few ot he r r ocky bi t s f or guns would t a ke 50 men t hr ee days* Thi s
gor ge a f f o r d s a good poi nt f o r bl ocki ng t h e main road by a IeW
bl ast i ng char ges ; and t h e hi gh c l i f f forming t h e des cent
t he
Jolah Kotal a s w e l l a s t h e gor ge down which t h e main road runs
t h e j unct i on of Dara Bi rgi l i ch, is a good posi t i on t o bar t he main
r oad. It can, however , b e t ur ne d by t h e Tangi Bi r gi l i ch and Kala
Shah Dar wesh; a nd, i f oc c upi e d, t h a t t a ngi s houl d b e bl oc ke d a t
Kablantu, or t h e l ow rise b e he l d be t we e n Kala Sha h Dar wesh and t h e
Shi bar val l ey. The pos i t i on, howe ve r , would onl y be t e na bl e on t h e
as s umpt i on t h a t a r t i l l e r y coul d not b e b r o u g h t i n t o a c t i on a g a i n s t
it on t h e Jol ah Kotal. Emer gi ng form t h i s s h o r t g o r g e , t h e r oad
e n t e r s t h e Shi bar val l ey, whi ch is a br oad, s hal l ow hol l ow a bout 300
ya r ds wi de, wi t h l ow a c c e s s i b l e si de. "
( Peacocke. )
JOLGA See JULGA ( Mi l i t a r y Report on Ha z a r a j a t , P a r t 11.)
* JORKANI 5~
35-5 69-59 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a bout 3 miles n o r t h e a s t of Deh-i-
Kalan, on t h e u p p e r s o u r c e o f t h e Al i shang r i ve r i n Laghman pr ov-
i nce.
* JOROBA I @p
34-21 69-37 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a pa t h l e a di ng from J agal ak t o
But khak and Kabul, a bout 8 m i l e s s o u t h we s t o f J agdal ak.
JOSHAN A-
33-34 67-40 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d w e s t o f t h e Dasht-i-Nawar and
s out h o f Sabz Nala i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
JOSHANAK-KHAK-I-CHAGIR
.I;+
* JOSHANAK
34-39 67-11 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d nor t h of t h e Kuh-i-Baba in t h e
Sar-i-Qol a r e a i n Bam ian pr ovi nce.
*JOSH I &S?
33-53 68-24 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d about 20 m i l e s nor t h o f Ghazni i n
Maidan pr ovi nce.
JUBAGA I &*
34-48 70-53 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d nor t h o f Tsawkai on a pa t h l e a di ng
from t h e Kunar t o t h e Pi ch val l ey i n Kunar pr ovi nce.
JUGAR KHEL L A?
A vi l l age wi t h a f o r t , i n t h e Bamian val l ey, i nha bi t e d by 50 fami-
lies of Taj i ks. (Maitland .)
31-58 68-51 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a bout 7 miles s o u t h o f Mamai i n
sout hern Ghazni pr ovi nce.
JUI AHIN @' U P
33- 68-. A pl a c e in t h e J a gha t u Hazara c ount r y, s ome 16 miles
nor t hwe s t o f Ghazni , s i t u a t e d a t t h e j unct i on of t h e Sar-i-Ab and
Jarmatu s t r eams . (A.B.c.)
JUI BADAL J4-
A vi l l age on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e La1 st r eam, a bout 32 m i l e s e a s t
of Daulat Yar. (Wanliss.)
JUI BAR A*
34-42 69-13 m. A vi l l a ge in t h e pl ai n, n o r t h of t h e Paiminar Kotal,
some 8 m i l e s from t h e l a t t e r . One of t h e b e s t r o u t e s f r om Kabul t o
Koh Daman p a s s e s t h r o u g h t h i s vi l l age; t h e r oad bei ng f i t f o r
wheel ed a r t i l l e r y. (Kinloch.) Anot her pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is on
t h e Tagab r i ve r , a bout 2 m i l e s nor t h of Tagab, a t 34-52 69-38.
(LWA)
JUI DUKHTAR +Jw
35-1 68-47 m. A da r a whi ch j oi ns t h e Ghor band val l ey from t he north
a t a poi nt some 2 3/4 m i l e s e a s t of Chahar deh.
Ther e is a village
o f t h e same name a t its mout h, and h e r e and up t h e dara live 150
f ami l i es of Af ghan ~ o i s h k i , wi t h 3 water-mills, 10 f l oc ks , and 500
head of c a t t l e . A r oad r uns up t h e dar a t o t h e Chahar dar kotal; but
t h e main r oad t o t h a t p a s s l e a ve s t h e val l ey a t a poi nt 2 miles
l owe r down. (Peacocke.)
J U I FAULADI 3 J ~ ~ W
34- 68-. A vi l l a ge and f o r t i n t h e Sar-i-Chashma valley, west of
Kabul, near t h e s o u r c e of t h e Kabul r i ver . I t ha s some land attached
t o it. (Masson.)
JUI MIR HAZAR J'P LCW
34- 66-. ( See Military Re por t on Hazaraj at , Par t 11.) A tagao in
t h e w e s t of t h e Dai Kundi c ount r y, dr ai ni ng i n a gener al south-
e a s t e r l y di r e c t i on from t h e Karodi l Kotal t o t h e Helmand.
*JUI NAO +W
34-2 66-53 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Helmand
r i ver , s o u t h of t h e Espi ghaw ar ea i n nor t he r n Ghazni province.
Anot her vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d nor t h of t h e Kuh-i-Baba
r ange, on a pa t h l e a di ng t o t h e Band-i-Amir i n Bamian province, at
34-41 67-13 m.
* JULAGAN ,%
34-14 70-27 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d s o u t h we s t of Shahi Kot and south
of J al al abad.
JULGA-I-KAJAO See SANG-I-SHANDA
JULGA-I-KAJAO
,U&
34- 67-. A c ons i de r a bl e pl ai n t o t h e s o u t h of Besud. (See ~i1it.a-
r y r e p o r t on Hazarajat, Pa r t 11.)
JULGA Or JOLGA
&
33-7 67-19 A. Appar ent l y t h e name gi ven t o t h e l ower part of the
Sar-i-Ab val l ey i n J a gha t u Hazara count r y. (See ~ i l i t a r y Report on
Ha z a r a j a t , Pa r t 11.)
JULGAI RAOTI &&
Said t o be a l a r g e val l ey i n t h e Uj ar i st an di s t r i c t .
(See MilitarY
Re por t on Hazaraj a t , Pa r t 11.)
JULGAI ZAOLI Jh SL
Said t o be a l a r g e val l ey i n t h e Uj ar i st an di s t r i c t .
(See Military
Re por t on Hazarajat, Pa r t 11.)
JULUZI &
34-19 70-21 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on t h e Kambu Khwar, some 1 0 mi l e s
s o u t h west of Jal al abad.
k h e l i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
*JUNIA
CYL
35-7 70-16 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed near t h e Dara-i-Poshal, about 2
miles nor t he a s t of Gada i n Laghman
provi nce.
JURA I*
33- 69-. A vi l l age in Khost , 7 miles from Sabari, t owar ds t h e
St er kual ravi ne. (Sprat t . )
JURAB KALA
"J V ' A e
34- 69-. A small Tajik f o r t , on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Kabul r i ver ,
t o t h e e a s t of Sher pur . I t is compr i sed i n t h e t owns hi p o f Yakat ut .
(Kennedy. )
JUYAK Or JOYAK 4-
A vi l l age i n t h e uppe r Logar valley, cont ai ni ng 40 f ami l i es of
Ki zi l bashi s and a few Af ghans of var i ous t r i bes . (I.B.C.)
KABAR-I-JABAR )'=+?A
34-24 69-30 m. A tomb 24 mi l es e a s t of Kabul. I t is t h a t of Jabar,
t h e f i r s t of t h e Jabar Khel Ghi l zai s. I t s pos i t i on on t h e Khurd
Kabul-Tezin road is ver y wild, and e xpos e d t o t h e weat her and t o t h e
wolves.
There is a sayi ng a t Kabul--
Gurg dar Kabar-i-Jabar. Wolves of Kabar-i-Jabar.
Khunuk dar Kabar-i-Jabar. Fr os t a t Kabar-i-Jabar.
Duzd dar Kabar-i-Jabar. Thieves a t Kabar-i-Jabar.
At i sh dar Kabar-i-Jabar. Fi re a t Kabar-i-Jabar. (i.e.,
burn t he accursed pl ace. )
Here many of t h e Br i t i s h , r e t i r i n g f r om Kabul i n 1842, d i e d .
I.B.C. Recent maps show t h e name Khak-i-Jabar Bala. Kabar s houl d
be s pel l ed Qabr. ( LWA)
KABAZAN
"&ti
35-16 69-28. A vi l l age in t h e uppe r ~ a n j s h i r gl en, 5 miles below
Bazarak, s i t uat ed on t h e l e f t bank of t h e st ream, and cont ai ni ng 200
hous es of Taj i ks. On t h e o p p o s i t e s i d e of t h e st ream in Bangi, a
small pl ace of 12 hous es ; and t o t h e r i g h t of t h e l a t t e r is Baram
Khel, al s o wi t h about 12 hous es .
The Hakim of Panj shi r was l i vi ng a t Kabazan in 1886. ( Shahzada
Taimus .)
*KABCHERAK 44
34-13 67-29 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed on t h e Qol-i-Beremak, a t r i but ar y
of t h e Helmand r i ver in s out he r n Bamian provi nce.
*KABILA &
34-57 68-54 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed on a t r i but ar y of t h e Ghorband,
about 4 miles s out h of Si agi rd in Parwan provi nce.
*KABIR KAREZ ;uGJ
34-22 70-31 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed s o u t h e a s t of Jalalabad and 1 m i l e
sout hwest of t h e Jalalabad - Tork ham road.
KABLANTU See BIRGALICH
* KABRATU +A
34-43 69-47 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed w e s t of t h e Wuzbin Khwar and
nor t heas t of Sarobi in Kabul provi nce. Anot her vi Uaqe wi t h t h i s
name is nearby, nor t h of ~ a r o b i and nor t he a s t of t h e ~ a b h l u l ake, a t
30-43 69-44 m.
*KABR-I -AFGHAN &I ,,i
34-48 67-22 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e r oad from Bamian t o Yakaw-
l ang, s o u t h e a s t of t h e Band-i-Amir l a ke s .
KABRI STAN "LA
34-29 66-1 m. A s m a l l vi l l age on t h e main Kabul-Hazarajat-rjaulat
Yar road on t h e r i g h t bank
of t h e Lal st r eam, about 21 miles from
Daulat Yar. Recent maps show t h e name Nawe Qabrestan.
KABUL
34-31 69-13 m.
The c a pi t a l c i t y and a pr ovi nce i n eas t er n ~ f g h ~ ~ i -
s t a n whi ch c ompr i s e s an a r e a o f 4, 720 s qua r e kilometers and an
a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on e s t i ma t e d a t from 188, 391 t o 263 517. ~h~
pr ovi nce is bounded i n t h e w e s t by Maidan and Parwan, in t h e north
by ~ a p i s a , i n t h e e a s t by Laghman and Nangarhar, and in t h e south by
Logar. Kabul is d i v i d e d i nt o t h e wol eswal i s of Qara Bagh, Mir
~ a c h a k o t , Shakar Dara, Paghman, Deh Sabz, Sarobi , Chardehi , and
~ a g r a mi , and i nt o t h e al aqadar i s o f I s t a l i f , Kalakan, Charasiab, and
Kaha k-i-Jabar. For wol es wali lists from t h e Depart ment of Statis-
tics of t h e Mi ni st r y of Agr i c ul t ur e and I r r i gat i on see t h e following
pa ge s . (LWA) I n 1914 Kabul d i s t r i c t was de s c r i be d a s follows: Th e
home d i s t r i c t of Kabul, i.e., t h e l and i mmedi at el y around t h e capi-
tal is ve r y f e r t i l e and popul ous , its pr i nci pal subdi vi si ons are
Paghman, Chardeh, Butkhak, Charasia, and Chehi l Dukhtaran; and with-
i n t h o s e l i m i t s t h e r e are numer ous t o wn s h i p s and vi l l ages. The dis-
trict is wat er ed by t h e Kabul and Logar r i ve r s , and by several
s t r e a ms from t h e w e s t , whi ch uni t e and f a l l i nt o t h e Kabul a t Guzar-
ga h, unde r t h e name of t h e Chamchamast. I r r i gat i on by means of
ka r e z is e x t e n s i v e l y pr a c t i s e d, and t h e nat ur al st r eams ar e thereby
much r educed in volume.
Wheat is t h e c h i e f pr oduc t , and a f t e r it barl ey. The poor est clases
consume a c ons i de r a bl e pr opor t i on of bar l ey and jowar, and animal
f ood is abundant l y us e d by all who can af f o r d i t . Corn is imported
from t h e Ghazni and Logar d i s t r i c t s ; rice from Logar, Jalalabad,
Laghman and Kunar. In ye a r s of s c a r c i t y Bamian s e n d s a l i t t l e corn,
but , a s a rule, t h e qua nt i t y of i mpor t ed gr ai n bear s a s m a l l propor-
t i on t o t h a t pr oduc e d i n t h e d i s t r i c t , and pr ovi si ons are rarely
dear . The c h i e f s u p p l y of g h i is from Bamian, t h e ~a z a r a j a t , and
t h e nomadic Ghi l zai s. From Tur ki s t a n and t h e ~ a z a r a j a t come cattle
and s h e e p , wh i l s t h o r s e s and poni e s a r e i mpor t ed from t h e former,
a s w e l l a s br ed in t h e d i s t r i c t i t s e l f . Timber i s br ought chiefly
from t h e head of Kurram, f r u i t from t h e Koh Daman, and t he r e 1st as
w e l l , a c ons i de r a bl e cul t i vat i on of f r u i t on t h e s pot , whilst wil-
l ows and s ycamor es gr ow i n pr of us i on. Veget abl es of all kinds
abound i n t h e ne i ghbour hood, and cl over and l ucer nce are grown
everywhere.
For c a r r i a ge , bul l oc ks a r e us e d c h i e f l y in t h e valley; t r ader s to
t h e nor t h u s e camel s; t o t h e e a s t and s out h, camels, mules and
poni es ; t o t h e Hazara count r y, mul es and poni es.
The t own and pr ovi nce, however , and i nde e d a l l ~f g h a n i s t a n , are
d e p e n d e n t on I ndi a c h i e f l y f o r t ea, s uga r , and c ot t on f abr i cs-
Tur ki s t an s i l k f a br i c s , s h e e p - s k i n s f o r pos t i ns , and considerable
number s of camel s and h o r s e s r e a c h t h e capi t al .
With r e ga r d t o t h e s ubdi vi s i ons o f t h e Kabul d i s t r i c t a very brief
d e s c r i p t i o n is all t h a t i s r e qui r e d.
Chardeh. --The Cha r de h val l ey lies west of t h e ci t y.
I t is as
a s pos s i bl e s i x miles s qua r e , and is ve r y f e r t i l e . Fur t her
t i on is gi ve n unde r "Chardeh. "
Paghman.--The vi l l a ge s of t h i s s ubdi vi s i on a r e located to t he west
of t h e Char deh val l ey i n t h e g l e n s r unni ng down from t he Faghman
range.
Administrative Divisions of Kabul Province
1 1 1 1 l I l I I 1 I I I I I I l I I ~
5 0
1 - 1 r ~ m r ~ l r r ~ r l l r . .
2 5 5 0 7 5 100 krn
BAGRAMI
PAGHMAN
CHARDEHI
DEH SABZ
SAROBI
SHAKAR DARA
QARA BACH
MIR BACHAKOT
( KOHDAMAN)
ISTALEF
KHAK-I- JABAR
CHARASYAB
KALAKAN
TOTAL
ESTLMATE OF AGRICULTURAL POPULATION AND AREA UNDER CULTIVATION
Agricultural
Population
Landlords Lands under Cultivation in Jaribs
Irrigated Non-Irrig. Total
Lands under Cultivation in Hectares
Irrigated Non-lrrig. Total
BAG RAM1
PAGHMAN
CHARDEHl
DEH SABZ
SAROBI
SHAKAR DARA
Q A M BAGH
MIR BACHAKOT
(KOHDAMAN)
ISTALEF
KHAK-I-JABAR
CHARASYAB
KALAKAN
TOTAL
STATISTICAL ESTIMATE OF LIVESTOCK BY WOLESWALIS AND ALAKADARIS
Sheep Karakul
Sheep
Goats
-
2 10
100
550
3,660
610
930
70
770
1,950
310
-
9,160
Cattle
4,410
5,110
2,440
6,220
3,020
5,180
4,340
3,170
5,530
2,8 10
4,360
1,8 10
48,400
Buffaloes Camels Horses
280
-
400
250
-
-
120
5 0
120
-
-
2 0
1,240
Donkeys
6,5 10
1,140
3,670
6,370
1,360
1,530
4,470
2,690
2,750
2,280
3,360
1,410
37,540
Mules Poultry
BAGFMMI
PAGHMAN
CHARDEHI
DEH SABZ
SAROBI
SHAKAR DARA
QARA BAGH
MIR BACHAKOT
(KOHDAMAN)
ISTALEF
KHAK-I-JABARA
CHARASYAB
KALAKAN
TOTAL
PRODUCTION OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS-IN KABUL1 SEERS
Grains
Non-lrrig. Total Vegetables
Other Crops
Industrial Other Temp.
Crops Crops
Fruits
LAND UNDER IRRIGATION AND SOURCES OF IRRIGATION
BAGRAMI
PAGHMAN
CHARDEHI
DEH SABZ
SAROBI
SHAKAR D A M
QARA BAGH
MIR BACHAKOT
(KOHDMAN)
ISTALEF
KHAK-I-JABAR
CHA RAS YAB
KALAKAN
TOTAL
Canals
Area in Jaribs
Springs Karez Wells Total Canals
Number of Sources
Springs Karez Wells Water Mills
TOTAL CULTIVABLE LAND, BY CROP-LN KABUL1 JARIBS
BAGRAMI
PAGHMAN
CHARDEHl
DEH SABZ
SAROBI
SHAKAR DARA
QARA BAGH
MIR BACHAKOT
(KO HDAMAN)
ISTALEF
KHAK-i- J ABAR
CHARASYAB
KALAKAN
TOTAL
Grains
Irrigated Non-Irrig.
Total Vegetables Industrial
Crops
Other
Crops
Fruits Total
Cultivated
Land
BAG RAM1
PAGHMAN
CHARDEHI
DEH SABZ
SAROBI
SHAKAR DARA
QARA BAGH
MIR BACHAKOT
(KOHDAMAN)
ISTALEF
KHAK-I- J ABAR
CHARASYAB
KALAKAN
TOTAL
Total
TOTAL CULTIVABLE LANDS-IN KABUL1 JARIBS
Pastures Forests Under
Cultivation
Fallow
Lands
But khak. --Thi s s ubdi vi s i on lies t o t h e e a s t of Kabul. I t s largest
vi l l age,
known a s But khak, is oc c upi e d by 400 t o 500 families of
Ghi l zai s, Taj i ks, and a f e w ~ h u g i a n i s .
char asi a. - - Consi st s of a g r o u p of haml et s l yi ng about 10 miles to
t h e s o u t h of t h e c i t y, s i t u a t e d on a smal l pl ai n encl osed by hius
on a l l s i d e s , e x c e p t t h e s o u t h west.
Ch e h i l ~ukht a r a n. - - I nc l ude s t h e c ount r y i n t h e nei ghbour hood of t h e
l a r g e vi l l a ge of t h a t name a bout t wo miles s o u t h of Charasia.
Kabul i t s e l f is f ul l y d e s c r i b e d in t h e n e x t ar t i cl e. (I.B.C.)
KABUL CITY
34-30 69-13 m. Kabul Ci t y is t h e c a pi t a l of Kabul provi nce and of
t h e St a t e of Af g hani st an. The c i t y ha s gr own i n s i z e from an esti-
mat ed popul at i on of some 140, 000 a t t h e t i m e of Amir Sher Ali in
1876 t o a bout 600, 000 i n t h e 19701s, and - wi t h t h e i nf l ux of people
from t h e pr ovi nc e s i n t h e ear l y 1980' s - is est i mat ed t o have a
popul at i on o f about a million and a hal f . In th' e ear l y 1980' s the
c i t y h a s been c ons i de r a bl y de ve l ope d wi t h t h e cons t r uct i on of multi-
s t o r i e d a pa r t me nt bui l di ngs . Because o f t h e f a c t t h a t few western
s c h o l a r s have vi s i t e d Af gha ni s t a n s i n c e 1980, it is di f f i cul t to
have a clear p i c t u r e of r e c e n t urban devel opment in Kabul. ( LWA)
In 1912 t h e c i t y was d e s c r i b e d a s f ol l ows : Elevation 5,895 feet.
The c a pi t a l of Af ghani s t an is s i t u a t e d on t h e r i g h t bank of the
Kabul r i ver , s i x m i l e s above its j unct i on wi t h t h e Logar. North of
t h e c i t y, on t h e l e f t bank of t h e r i ve r , s t a nd t h e subur bs of Deh-i-
Murad Khani, Andarabi, and ~e h- i - Af ghan, and beyond t h e s e l i es the
mi l i t ar y cant onment of She r pur , 3/4 m i l e from Deh-i-Af g han, backed
b y t h e Bemaru h i l l . S o u t h o f t h e wa l l s a r e t h e Sh e r Darwaza
h e i g h t s , wh i l s t t o t h e e a s t a r e t h e Bala ~ i s a r and t h e Siah Sang
r i dge . On t h e west t h e Kabul r i ve r f l ows t h r o u g h t h e gor ge formed
by t h e Asmai and Sh e r Darwaza hi l l s .
Kabul is d i s t a n t from:
Bamian (Kal a Sa r ka r i ) vi a t h e
Unai and Haj i gak pa s s e s
Mazar-i-Sharif v i a t h e Unai and
Haj i gak pas s es , Haibak and Tash Kurghan
J a l a l a ba d
Peshawar
Ghazni vi a Maidan
Kandahar
Her at by t h e Hazar aj at - Dul at Yar road
Miles
The c i t y is 3 1/2 miles i n ci r cumf er ence, and is no l onger walled
a l t hough t r a c e s o f a wall remain. Only one g a t e of t h e original
s e ve n s t a nds . Thi s is t h e Darwaza-i-Lahor- on t h e east er n face.
The ol d r e s i d e n c e of t h e Amirs of Kabul used t o be in t he Bala
Hi sart b u t t h e Amir moves about from one t o a not he r of t h e various
c ount r y r e s i d e n c e s t h a t h e ha s bui l t on f avour abl e s pot s in t he
neig hbourhood of t h e city.
The 10 wer Bald Hi sar ha s been compl et el y di smant l ed.
The Upper
Hi sar is k e p t up a s a s gr ai n s t o r e , and t h e h u t s bui l t by us f or t he
Gur kha s a r e k e p t up al so.
The cl i mat e of Kabul may be pr onounced a he a l t hy one. The great
l a k e of Wazirabad, nor t h of t h e t own, and t h e low-lying marshy
meadows, Or chamans, i n t h e immediate vi ci ni t y, gi ve r i s e t o malaria
and c ons e que nt l y t o f e v e r s , b u t wi t h pr ope r dr ai nage, and good
s h e l t e r f r om t h e vi gour s of wi nt er and t h e midsummer Sun, t he place
woul d, no doubt , be w e l l s ui t e d t o European const i t ut i ons* But
Br i t i s h and Nat i ve t r o o p s a t Kabul i n t h e wi nt e r o f 1879-80 s u f f e r e d
a good d e a l f r om pneumoni a, d u e t o c o n s t a n t e x p o s u r e a t a l l h o u r s i n
t h e snow, with sometimes i ns uf f i ci ent cl ot hi ng; and a f t e r mont hs of
ocupat i on, t h e c a nt onme nt s of S h e r p u r began t o s how s ympt oms o f
bei ng f oul , whi c h, u n d e r t h e c o n d i t i o n s of December ' s i nve s t me nt ,
was t o be expect ed.
On t h e whol e, t h e cl i mat e would be t h o u g h t a f i n e one i n any p a r t o f
t h e worl d. The c i t y i t s e l f , we dge d i n a s it is be t we e n t wo hi l l s ,
its c onf i ne d streets, want of p r o p e r dr a i na ge and pr oxi mi t y t o
e x t e n s i v e ma r s he s , woul d seem t o l abour unde r s t r o n g di s a dva nt a ge s ,
but , i n compens at i on, it h a s t h e b e n e f i t s of a f i n e a t mos phe r e ,
e xc e l l e nt wa t e r and pr ovi s i ons , wi t h d e l i g h t f u l envi r ons . Duri ng
summer and autumn t h e phenomenon of t h e khakbad, whirlwing or "dust
devi l , " is common i n t h e a f t e r noons . The c ompl e t e obs c ur a t i on o f
t h e a t mos phe r e a nnounc e s its f or mat i on, and a f u r i o u s b l a s t and
s udde n f a l l o f t e mpe r a t ur e g i v e s war ni ng o f its i mmedi at e a p p r o a c h ,
and it is s omet i mes a t t e n d e d by a f e w d r o p s of rain. Fi ne p a r t i c l e s
of d u s t br ought wi t h t h e whirlwind, penet r at e t hr ough cl osed door s
and wi ndows, b u t t h e dur a t i on of t h e b l a s t is s h o r t .
The r a nge o f t he r mome t e r a t Kabul, f r om t h e 6 t h t o t h e e nd of Augus t
1839, was r e c o r d e d a s be i ng 46 d e g r e e s t o 74 d e g r e e s a t 4 p.m. and
72 t o 96 a t 3 p.m.
The f ol l owi ng are t h e me t e or ol ogi c a l r e p o r t s o f S h e r p u r cant onment
dr awn u p from obs e r va t i ons t a k e n i n t h e Qua r t e r Mast er Gener al ' s
Depar t ment t h e r e i n t h e year 1880. Th e s e a r e unf or t una t e l y incom-
pl e t e :
Met er ol ogi cal r e p o r t o f t h e cant onment of S h e r p u r from t h e 1 6 t h
January t o t h e 1 2 t h Febr uar y 1880:
Date A.M. P.M. Maximum
Januar y 9:30 4: 30
16 4 2 5 6 6 1
17 38 3 4 5 9
Minimum Remarks
Cloudy.
Di t t o. S l i g h t s now.
Heavy snow 3t ni ght .
Morning, c l o u d y ; f i n e
a f t e r noon.
Fine clear sky.
Di t t o.
Di t t o.
Di t t o.
Di t t o.
Di t t o.
Di t t o.
Di t t o.
Di t t o.
Cloudy; inclined
t o snow
Cloudy all day;
heavy snow a t ni ght .
Snowi ng morni ng;
cl oudy a l l day.
Cl oudy mor ni ng
Febr uar y
1 36 3 4 5 6 3 2 Snowi ng a l l da y
2 3 4 33 3 8 32 Cl oudy; s t r o n g
nor t he a s t wind.
3 22 23 3 5 1 1 Di t t o.
4 2 2 2 4 3 5 9 Fi ne.
5 23 2 6 3 5 12 Do.
Do.
Cloudy. Snowing af-
ternoon. Heavy snow
a t ni ght .
Cloudy al l day.
Light wind from
w e s t .
Fine cl ear sky.
Di t t o, sout heast .
Ditto. Ditto. Ditto,
west .
Ditto. Ditto. Ditto,
sout h.
Ditto. Fr esh di t t o.
Di t t o.
Cloudy. Snowing. Light
wind from southeast.
Di t t o a l l day.
Di t t o, south.
Fine cl ear sky.
Di t t o, west.
Di t t o.
Cloudy morning.
Cl ear sky afternoon.
Li ght wind from west.
Fi ne cl ear sky. Fresh
wind from sout heast .
Di t t o. Snow a t night.
Ca l m .
Di t t o. Light wind from
sout h.
Di t t o. Di t t o, south-
e a s t .
Di t t o. Di t t o, west.
Heavy snow a l l day.
Calm.
Snowing. Calm.
Fi ne cl ear sky. Strong
wind from south.
Di t t o. Light wind
from sout heast .
Ditto. St rong wind
from sout heast .
Di t t o. Di t t o.
Di t t o. Calm.
M a r c h
1 3 3
Di t t o. Light wind
f ram south.
Di t t o. Di t t o, west.
Di t t o. Strong di t t o,
west.
Di t t o. Calm.
Cloudy. Sl i ght rai n
aft ernoon . Calm .
Fi ne cl ear sky. Light
wind from west. Rain
aft ernoon.
Sky cloudy a l l day.
Calm .
Ditto. Light wind
from south.
Ditto. Rain afternoon.
Calm .
Fine sky. Light wind
from west.
Ditto. Ditto, south.
Ditto. Calm.
Fine sky. Calm.
Ditto. Ditto.
Sky cloudy, morning.
Fine afternoon.
Light wind from
west.
Sky clear. Strong
wind from west.
Ditto. Light wind
from north.
Ditto. Ditto.
Ditto. Calm.
Ditto. Strong wind
from east.
Ditto. Light ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto. Calm.
Ditto. Light wind
f r m north.
Ditto. Ditto.
Ditto. Calm.
Ditto. Do.
Ditto morning. Rain
afternoon.
Ditto, ditto. Strong
wind from west.
Ditto.
Ditto. Light wind
from northeast.
April
69 75 44 Sky clear. Strong
wind from west.
6 8 80 4 5 Ditto. Slight ditto
southeast.
62 7 3 4 4 Ditto.
67 79 4 5 Ditto. Slight wind
from west.
6 7 8 0 44 Ditto. Ditto.
68 8 1 4 0 Ditto. Ditto.
The readings between these dates are of
no use. The site on which the thermometers
were placed during the period was
unfortunately exposed to the direct rays of
the sun,and the mat shelter was insufficient.
Re g i s t e r o f me t e or ol ogi c a l o b s e r v a t i o n s t a k e n a t Kabul from t h e 4 t h
t o t h e 3 1 s t J u l y 1850.
Dat e 9 A.M. 3 P.M.
J u l y Max. Min. Max. Min.
4 85 4 5 97 6 2
5 82 43 9 1 56
6 90 4 2 9 5 59
7 9 2 50 94 6 0
8 97 49 99 61
9 9 7 49 9 9 61
10 9 5 48 9 7 6 9
11 9 1 4 7 101 6 7
12 91 47 10 1 66
13 90 45 101 63
14 9 9 4 6 99 6 8
15 90 5 3 104 68
16 94 5 3 105 70
17 102 5 7 101 6 3
18 96 5 7 104 57
19 90 5 2 102 7 3
2 0 103 5 2 100 70
2 1 9 7 5 0 93 65
2 2 9 2 50 9 3 6 5
23 92 50 9 7 5 6
2 4 93 57 90 65
2 5 93 5 7 9 7 6 5
26 9 2 5 8 97 6 5
2 7 90 5 7 91 63
28 88 61 9 2 6 3
2 9 85 62 90 65
30 not gi ve n
3 1 9 0 58 8 9 6 2
Ge ne r a l Ba bc oc k' s estimate o f s u p p l i e s avai l abl e i n 1880 w i l l be
f o u n d i n t h e I nt r oduc t i on.
Th e wa t e r - s uppl y of t h e c a p i t a l is good, and is de r i ve d from wells
and al so from a n e x c e l l e n t c a na l ( amongs t s e ve r a l o t h e r s ) called the
J u ~ S h e r whi c h is b r o u g h t f r om t h e paghman h i l l s and j oi ns t h e i(abul
r i v e r ne a r Chandawal .
Th e b r i d g e s a c r o s s t h e r i v e r a t Kabul ar e:
1. Pul-i-Mozang. Th i s was b u i l t by t h e Emperor Babar, and
was br oke n i n A m i r S h e r A l i ' s r e i gn. The b r i d g e is a br i ck one*
11. P u l - i - S h a h - i - ~ u ~ h ~ ~ ~ shira. Thi s is a br i ck br i dge leading
t o Chandawal .
I t was b u i l t by Sha h Jahan, and is r a t h e r narrow*
111. Pul -i -Khi sht i . A b r i c k b r i d g e c o n n e c t i n g
Khani wi t h t h e c i t y.
IV. Pul-i-Mahmud Khan. A s t o n e b r i d g e on t h e r oad l e a di ng
from Sh e r p u r t o t h e Bala Hisar.
V. Pul-i-Kala-i-Muhammad Umar. A wooden b r i d g e on t h e r oad
l eadi ng f r om t h e s o u t h e a s t o f Sh e r p u r cant onment t o t h e But kha k
r oad, nor t h of t h e Si ah Sang hi l l . Was r e ne we d and e nl a r ge d by t h e
Br i t i sh i n 1879-80.
In 1880, 11, 111, I V and V were f i t f o r t h e p a s s a g e o f guns .
The s i t u a t i o n o f Kabul ma r k s it o u t a s t h e n a t u r a l c a p i t a l o f
~ f g h a n i s t a n , b u t t h e c i t y h a s i n it n e i t h e r e x t e r n a l nor i nt e r i or
e vi de nc e s o f gr a nde ur . I t is bui l t of b r i c k s , b u r n t o r s un- dr i e d,
and of mud. The h o u s e s o f bur nt br i c k a r e o f ol d s t a ndi ng. The
gener al want o f s ubs t a nt i a l i t y of t h e bui l di ngs d o e s n o t p r e v e n t
t h e i r bei ng c onve ni e nt l y a r r a nge d, and t h e q u a r t e r of Chandawal
e s pe c i a l l y s h o ws t a s t e .
The c i t y is di vi de d i n t o q u a r t e r s (mahal as) and streets ( Kuchas) .
The l a t t e r a r e c l o s e d by smal l g a t e s , whi ch, on oc c a s i ons of war
or t umul t , a r e b u i l t up, and t h e pl a c e becomes t h e n a c ol l e c t i on o f
small f o r t r e s s e s . Thi s mode o f d e f e n c e is cal l ed "Kuc haband i."
The f ol l owi ng is a list o f t h e streets a s t h e y e x i s t e d i n 1880:
1. Ashikan-i-Arifan 16. Isl amabad
2. Kucha-i-Kazi 17. Si h Dukan
3. Barana 18. Mahala Achakzai
4. Murdashoi 19. Kucha-i-Mir Waiz
5. Kucha-i-Jangalak 20. Ganda Kucha
6. Khwab Gah 21. Kucha-i-Damgah
7. Te r i Guzar 22. Kucha-i-Darwaza-i-
8. Chob Far os hi Sar dar
9. Sang Ta r a s hi 23. Kucha-i-Wazir
10. Kucha-i-Ali Riza Khan 24. Kucha-i-Misgari
11. Bal a J o i 25. Kucha-i-Ahingari
12. Rika Khana 26. Pai n Chauk
13. Bagh-i-Nawab 27. Bal a Chauk
14. Bagh-i-A1 i Mardan Khan 28. Mandai
15. Kucha-i-Lahori Darwaza 29. Mahal a-i -Jat an
30. Shor Bazar
31. Char Chat a
The pr i nc i pa l streets a r e t h e t wo l a s t named, whi ch a r e t h e c h i e f
bazar s o f Kabul. The f or mer e x t e n d s e a s t and w e s t from t h e Bala
Hisar t o t h e Ziarat-i-Baba Khudi , a d i s t a n c e o f 3/4 mi l e . The Char
Chat a c o n s i s t s o f f o u r c ove r e d a r c a d e s a t t h e we s t e r n e nd of Lahor i
Darwaza st reet , and is t h e p r i d e of t h e i nha bi t a nt s . It was or i gi -
nally bui l t by Ali Mardan Khans, was d e s t r o y e d by Pol l ock i n 1842,
and r e s t o r e d by Amir Dost Muhammad a bout t h e year 1850. I t s s h o p s
a r e t enant ed by s i l k me r c e r s , j e we l l e r s , f u r r i e r s , c a p and s hoe -
maker s, f r u i t e r e r s , money- changer s, etc., w h i l s t be ne a t h t h e s hop-
c ount e r s a r e t h e s t a l l s o f c obbl e r s and o t h e r handi cr af t s men.
The f our p r i n c i p a l mosques are--
1. Masj i d-i -Safed, b u i l t by Timur Shah.
2. Madrasa, b u i l t f o r a c o l l e g e by Shah Jahan.
3. Masj i d- i - Pul - i - Khi sht i , b u i l t by Shuja-ul-Mulk.
4. Masj i d-i -Bal a Chauk, b u i l t by Babar.
The pr i nc i pa l s a r a i s ar e- -
1. Sa r a i Amir Sher A l i Khan 5. Sa r a i Muhamnad Klnni
2. Sa r a i Zardad 6. Sa r a i Azi z
3. Sa r a i J abar Khan 7. Sa r a i Mir Waiz
4. Sa r a i Madar-i-Waz i r 8. Sa r a i Mir Haj i
Ther e a r e many publ i c ba t hs ,
t h e b e s t being--
The Bazaars of Kabul, by Dr . C-J Cha r pe nt i e r .
" ~ a z a a r s i n cont empor ar y Kabul a r e numer ous and s c a t t e r e d in clus-
t e r s al l over t h e c i t y, b o t h i n Shahr - e Nau and
in t h e old section,
t h e l a t t e r p a r t bei ng Kabul' s t r a di t i ona l c e n t r e of commerce.
"1n t h e ol d s e c t i on, whi ch r oughl y c o n s i s t s of t h e ar ea between the
mount ai ns and t h e r i ve r , s h o p s and wor ks hops a r e still dominating
t h e streets. In t h i s p a r t of Kabul t h e ol d cover ed bazaar once was
l oc a t e d b e f o r e i t s d e s t r u c t i o n i n 1842. In t h o s e days t h e bazaar
pr obabl y compr i s ed t h e ar ea be t we e n Bala Hi ssar and t h e corner of
Jad- e ~ a i wa n d S t r e e t and Nadir Pas ht oon S t r e e t t o war ds Pul-e Khisti
havi ng its c e n t r e mos t l i k e l y in t oda y' s Shor Bazaar.
" ~ o d a y t h e pr i nc i pa l bazaar s f ol l ow bot h s i d e s of Jad-e Maiwand and
a dj a c e nt s t r e e t s t o t h e r i ve r and t h e s o u t h e r n pa r t of Murad Khan
Quar t er . Most of t h e bui l di ngs in t h i s ar ea were e r e c t e d in the
begi nni ng of t h i s c e nt ur y f ol l owi ng t h e c ons t r uc t i on of new st r eet s.
~ h u s t h e r e a r e ha r dl y any r e a l ol d commerci al hous e s l e f t in Kabul.
Houses i n t h e bazaar ar ea a r e gener al l y t h r e e or f our s t or i e s high
wi t h r e s i d e n t i a l q u a r t e r s above t h e s h o p s and cl os ed cour t yar ds in
t h e back.
"The t r a di t i ona l s t r u c t u r e can, however , still be obser ved. Commer-
cial s t r e e t s a r e l i ne d wi t h s h o p s wi t h one s i d e open t o t h e st r eet ,
c r a f t s me n and s h o p k e e p e r s still t e nd t o ope r a t e in specialized
c l u s t e r s a l t h o u g h t h e r e a r e har dl y any s pe c i a l i z e d streets l e f t . At
t h e o u t s k i r t s o f t h e bazaar s one f i n d s t h e more "bulky" t r ades such
a s s e l l e r s of wood, char coal , wi c ke r wor k, metal j unk, et c. as well
a s w hol es al e- ent er p r i s e s , s a r a ys whe r e c a r s and l or r i e s are re-
pa i r e d, and t r a n s p o r t compani es.
"Today, s e l l i ng a c t i v i t i e s domi nat e and t r u e t r adi t i onal craftsmen
c o n s t i t u t e a de c r e a s i ng mi nori t y. Sever al c r a f t s have disappeared
a s a r e s u l t o f moder ni zat i on and i nc r e a s e d i mpor t of f or ei gn commod-
ities. Thus t h e r e a r e e.g. ha r dl y any weaver s l e f t , specialized
bl a c ks mi t hs and f o u n d e r s a r e f e w, p o t t e r s have moved t o t he Ou t -
s k i r t s , l i k e wi s e many of t h e remai ni ng t anner s ; copper s mi t hs are
d e c r e a s i n g in number and many t r a di t i ona l dai l y a r t i f a c t s such as
wood wor k, r ope s , har d ware, c o a r s e c l ot h, etc. a r e br ought t o town
from t h e provinces.
" F o ~ ~ o wing t h e e x t i nc t i on o f s e ve r a l t r ad i t i onal c r a f t s , ne W trades
have e n t e r e d t h e bazaar s, mainly t i ns mi t hs (hal abi -- saz) , furniture
maker s , var i ous r e pa i r s h o p s ( wa t c he s , r a di os , bi cycl es, Cars, elec-
t r i c ut e ns i l s , etc.), and s h o p s whe r e ol d mat er i al s s uch as waste
met al and t i r e s a r e r e c yc l e d.
"Fol l owi ng t h e Jad- e Maiwand from w e s t t o e a s t one f i nds , among
o t h e r s , s e l l e r s of wood, wi cker and c ha r c oa l in ~ h a n d a u l ; sal t , soap
and c l ot h in Bagh-e Umumi; t a i l or s , s hoemaker s , bl acksmi t hs, cloth-
s e l l e r s and f u r n i t u r e maker s i n Shor Bazaar; and On t h e Bagh-e
Mardan s i d e , f i n a l l y sellers o f h o u s e h o l d u t e n s i l s and cl ot h,
c o p p e r s mi t h s , l e a t h e r wo r k e r s and b u t c h e r s . A t t h e east er n end
Jad-e Maiwand lie t h e car r e pa i r s h o p s and Sara s wher e lorries are
de c or a t e d, a s w e l l a s s e ve r a l mandawis w h e r e d r t u f f S ar e sold'
"On bot h s i d e s of t h e r i ve r one f i n d s f ur maker s and t ai l or s,
s mi t hs , c a r p e t sellers and t i ns mi t hs , t h e l a t t e r making whi t e
s u i t c a s e s and s t o v e s , a s w e l l a s s e ve r a l Sara s wher e imported
rrr commodi t i es a r e s ol d. In a s p e c i a l mar ket
a c ng t h e ri ver money-
c h a n g e r s and ba nke r s , usual l y of I ndi an d e s c e n t , t hr ong
with Large s c a l e mer chant s.
" ~ ~ o u n d pul-e hist ti, kni ves and s c i s s o r s from Char i kar a r e s ol d
t oge t he r wi t h har dwar e and dai l y commodi t i es, and i n t h i s a r e a t h e r e
ar e s ever al e ngr a ve r s and ba r be r s ope r a t i ng out door s .
"In a t r i a ngl e from t h e r i ve r t o Pa s ht uni s t a n Squar e and Muhammad
Jan Khan Watt, c l ot h and modern i mpor t ed a r t i c l e s and c a pi t a l g o o d s
ar e sol d; i n t h i s ar ea t h e r e is a l s o a mar ket f o r second- hand west-
er n c l o t h e s c l o s e t o t h e Khiaban bazaar whi ch was pa r t l y t or n down
a f t e r t h e Saur r evol ut i on.
"TO concl ude, t h e r e a r e pr obabl y more t ha n 3,000 s h o p s i n ol d Kabul,
t h e s al e of f ood and c l ot h domi nat es.
"In t h e mi ddl e of Shahr - e Nau, bazaar s t r e e t s have gr own dur i ng t h e
l a s t decade. Most s h o p s s uppl y t h e Af ghan mi ddl e c l a s s , r e s i d e n t
f or e i gne r s and t our i s t s . Ant i que and cur i o de a l e r s a r e numerous a s
well a s s e l l e r s of "t ypi cal " Af g han- st yl e c l ot he s . The t r a ns f orma-
t i on of "Chi cken St r e e t " i n a f ew ye a r s i nt o a h i p p i e and budge t -
t r avel l er ' s haven c o n s t i t u t e s a good exampl e of t h i s r e c e n t devel op-
ment in Shahr - e Nau.
"But not onl y sal esmen were a t t r a c t e d by t h e t o u r i s t t r a d e i n Shahr -
e Nau. Se v e r a l c r a f t s me n o p e n e d wo r k s h o p s i n t h i s s e c t i o n
manufact uri ng l e a t h e r bags , be l t s , s h o e s , boot s p o s t i n s and c l ot he s .
Old r e s i de nt i a l hous e s were ove r ni ght t ur ne d i nt o hot e l s , t e a hous e s
and r es t aur ant s .
"The commerci al i zat i on of Shahr - e Nau r e a c he d its peak dur i ng t h e
Daoud r egi me and f aced a de c l i ne a f t e r 1978."
Out si de t h e c i t y a r e t h e t ombs of Babar and Timur Shah, and t h e r e
are many shr i nes and gar dens in t h e neighbourhood.
The buri al pl a c e s a r e a U o u t s i d e t h e t own, and t h e pr i nc i pa l one s
a r e t h o s e of Ziarat-i-K h i d a r i , Zi arat -i -Panj a-i -S hah- i - Mar dan,
Darwaza-i-Shah Shahi d; ~s hi ka n- i - Ar i f a n and Darwaza-i-Lahori. The
above a r e Sunni Buri al -grounds, t h e Shi a hs havi ng t h e i r own s e p a r a t e
pl ace of s e pul t ur e on t h e Khwaja Saf ar and Asmai hi l l s. East of t h e
ci t y, on t h e s l o p e s of t h e Tapa-i-Maranjan, Jews a r e bur i ed and
Hindu c o r p s e s a r e bur nt . The Armenians have t h e i r own walled-in
cemetery amongst t h e Muhammadan graveyards of Khwaja Khidar.
The Muhammadan t ombs vary little, e x c e p t i n pos i t i on, from or di nar y
Chr i st i an ones. They a r e pl aced from nor t h t o s out h. They have t h e
same s ha pe d he a ds t one , gener al l y of marble, e i t h e r of t h e c o s t l y
kind i mpor t ed from e a s t e r n c ount r i e s , or of t h e nat i ve a l a ba s t e r
Procured in t h e qua r r i e s of Maidan. The he a ds t one a l s o bear s an
i nscr i bed e pi t a ph, and is or nament ed, i f not wi t h f a c e s of a n g e l s
and c he r ubs , wi t h s c ul pt ur e d f l owe r s and o t h e r f a nc i f ul de vi c e s . I t
i s no uncommon ci r cumst ance among t h e gr a ve s of t h e Shi ah t r i b e s t o
see shi el ds, swor ds and lances engraved on t h e tombs, commemorating
t h e Pr of e s s i on of t h e de c e a s e d, a pr a c t i c e obs er ved i n var i ous p a r t s
of Persi a, par t i cul ar l y in Kurdi st an.
On t h e Asmai hi l l a ne gl e c t e d s t one , di s t i ngui s he d by a s c ul pt ur e d
mitre, d e n o t e s t h e pl ace of rest of a Georgi an bi s hop, who, it would
seem, di ed a t Kabul t h r e e or f our c e nt ur i e s ago. In t h e Armenian
cemet ery, l i ke wi s e , a mi t r e on one of t h e s t o n e s poi nt s t o t h e r ank
of t h e per s on de pos i t e d beneat h, a l t hough t r a di t i on is s i l e n t a s t o
him or t o h i s age.
Close t o t h e Ziarat-i-Shahid t h e r e s t ood an Engl i sh t ombs t one
bearing t h e i ns c r i pt i on i n Roman c ha r a c t e r s : "Here lies t h e body of
Hi cks, son of Thomas Hi cks and Edi t h, who de pa r t e d t h i s l i f e
the eleventh of October 1866." The st one was broken by t h e Afghans
in December 1879, when t h e British f or ce was s hut up in Sherpur.
Th e Amir' s f o r t i f i e d pa l a c e , o r Arg a s it is l o c a l l y c a l l e d , is
si t uat ed in e xt e ns i ve gr ounds ( not less t han t h r e e q u a r t e r s of a
mile by hal f a m i l e i n ar ea) nor t h of t h e c i t y bet ween Alamganj and
She r pur .
I t oc c upi e d 5 ye a r s i n bui l di ng and is from a design
pr e pa r e d e nt i r e l y by Abdur Rahman hi msel f . Mr. E.H.S. Clarke, a
member of Si r Mortimer Dur and' s mi ssi on, 1893, s a ys of it: W T ~ ~
c o s t of t h e whol e is e s t i ma t e d, a p a r t from t h e c ont e nt s of t h e
pal ace and st or e- r ooms, a t t we n t y h k h s
o r r uppe s .
A considerable
por t i on of t h e g r o u n d s is l ai d o u t i n f u i t and f l owe r gardens; part
is mer el y e nc l os e d by an i r on ga r de n r ai l i ng, and par t by a
here a r e t wo gat eways- one f a c i ng Alamganj, t h e o t h e r facing east
t o wa r d s Si ah Sang. Round t h e w a l l s of t h e out e r encl osure, and
facing inwards, ar e t h e di f f e r e nt Gover nment o f f ices--some t went y or
t h i r t y l a r g e rooms, all c r owde d wi t h of f i c i a l s , mi rzas and sui t ers.
~ u n d l e s of r ecor ds, neatly tied bet ween boards were seen arranged in
r a c k s up t o t h e r o o f , and it is c l e a r t h a t t h e work of t h e St at e is
c a r r i e d on i n a much more me t hodi c a l manner t ha n one would have
s u p p o s e d . Th e s e Gover nment o f f i c e s a r e now under t h e cont rol of
Sar dar ~ a s r u l l a Khan; b u t t h e i r or gani zat i on is e nt i r e l y t h e work of
t h e Amir hi ms el f .
"our c a r r i a ge s d r o v e t h r o u g h t h e e a s t g a t e and a s w e al i ght ed near
t h e moat whi ch s u r r o u n d s t h e f o r t i f i e d Arg.
The l a t t e r is a massive
s t r u c t u r e a bout 250 y a r d s s qua r e ; t h e wi dt h of t h e di t c h from t he
e d g e of t h e r oadway t o t h e same l e v e l on t h e f or t i f i c a t i ons is not
less t h a n s i x t y f e e t , t h e a c t ua l br e a dt h of t h e wat er a t t h e bottom
of t h e d i t c h bei ng a bout hal f a s much. The Arg rises t o a hei ght of
s ome f i f t y f e e t from t h e bed of t h e moat, and ha s t h r e e bastions on
e a c h f a c e , upon whi ch g u n s a r e mount ed. The walls a r e of immense
t h i c k n e s s and l oop- hol ed f o r musket r y. A t t h e t op, bui l t i nt o t he
wall, and on t h e i nne r s i d e , a r e st or e- r ooms and t h e bar r acks of t he
Or der l y and Sha hi r e gi me nt s whi ch al one gar r i s on t h e f or t r e s s .
"Though t h e a ppe a r a nc e of t h e Arg from t h e o u t s i d e is t ha t of a
s t r o n g l y f o r t i f i e d pos i t i on, onc e i n s i d e t h e r e is l i t t l e t o convey
s u c h an i mpr es s i on. Cr os s i ng a b r i d g e ove r t h e moat (a sol i d mason-
r y wor k, not a dr a wbr i dge ) , and pa s s i ng t h r o u g h t h e main entrance,
which cons i s t s of a l ar ge domed porch with spi ked wooden gates, We
e n t e r e d a ga r de n of ol d mul ber r y trees; and pr oceedi ng along a
pathway f or some f or t y or f i f t y yards, w e found ourselves confronted
by t h e o u t e r w a l l of y e t a n o t h e r encl os ur e. Turning t o t h e l e f t , we
ent er ed t h i s t hr ough a handsomely carved and inlaid wooden doorway*
Thi s door way is an unusual l y f i n e pi e c e of work: it is made from
s he e s ha m and o t h e r har d woods of Af ghani st an, and is ent i rel y of
l o c a l l abour .
" W e now r e t r a c e d our s t e p s al ong t h e o u t s i d e of t h i s enclosure,
unt i l w e came t o a l i n e of 25 ~a bul - ma de guns , whi ch w e examined*
Thr e e were of a l a r g e bor e, pr obabl y 32- pounder s; t h e remainder
s c r e w- guns (i n t h r e e pi e c e s ) f o r mountain ar t i l l er y. Entering a
nar r ow s t a i r c a s e , w e n e x t mount ed t o a room us ed appar ent l y as a
s o r t of e xhi bi t i on of arms. I t cont ai ned e ve r y des cr i pt i on of g u n
and r i f l e from t h e o l d e s t ' j ezai l , ' f a s t e ne d t o i t s s t oc k by a piece
of raw cow hi de , t o t h e l a t e s t magazi ne r i f l e and s por t i ng express;
a l s o s wo r d s , d a g g e r s , kni ves , r e vol ve r s , pi s t ol s , etc- On a
i n t h e c e n t r e were t h e i ns i gni a of t h e G.C.S.I., and t h e swor d
p r e s e n t e d t o t h e Amir by Lor d Duf f e r i n a t ~a wal pi ndi ; a
di amond-mount ed d a g g e r and s h e a t h of g r e a t val ue, wi t h ot her jewel-
l e r y.
mFr om h e r e w e S t r o l l e d t o t h e p u b l i c Darbar "al l in t h e outer
enclosure. I t is a somew ha t pl ai n bui l di ng, t h e i ns i de measurement
o f whi ch is 190 f e e t l ong, 60 br oad, and 30 hi gh. There are
Pr obabl y f ew ha l l s i n I ndi a whi ch can boa s t the.= dimensions. It i B
he a t e d by h o t a i r pi pe s , and t h e c e i l i ng is s uppor t e d by two para1-
lei r ows of s e ve n pi l l ar s.
TO t h e l e f t of t h e ent r ance are some
handsomel y f u r n i s h e d r e c e p t i o n r ooms i n t wo s t or i e s .
From t he
bal cony of t h e u p p e r s t o r e y w e obt ai ned a good ge ne r a l vi ew o f t h e
~ r g , whi ch, it may b e r emar ked, is k e p t i n p e r f e c t r epai r . "
The p r e s e n t Ami r , Habibulla, l i k e h i s f a t h e r , s h o ws a r emar kabl e
i n t e r e s t i n de ve l opi ng on h i s own a c c ount many b r a n c h e s o f i n d u s t r y ,
and t h e wo r k s h o p s e r e c t e d by Si r Sa l t e r Pyne, a r e a ve r y s t r i k i n g
f e a t ur e o f moder n Kabul.
Th e s e s h o p s a r e s i t u a t e d on t h e l e f t bank
o f t h e Kabul r i ve r , r i g h t i n t h e Deh-i-Mozang gor ge . The Kabulis
work i n g r e a t number s i n t h e s h o p s , bei ng t a u g h t by t h e Engl i s h
e ngi ne e r s , who ha ve f r om t i m e t o t i m e been i n t h e s e r v i c e o f H i s
Majesty, and by t h e Hindustani mistris who have been i nt r oduced from
Lahore and Bengal . Not onl y is war mat er i al pr oduc e d i n t h e wor k-
s h o p s , b u t va r i ous h a n d i c r a f t s a r e p r a c t i s e d t h e r e . One body of men
d o l e a t h e r wor k, c opyi ng Engl i s h and
Russi an b o o t s o f var i ous ki nds ,
and ma ki ng s a d d l e s a n d b r i d l e s , b e l t s a n d c a r t r i d g e - p o u c h e s ,
por t mant eaux and mule t r u n k s . Then t h e r e a r e t h e wo r k e r s i n wood
from t hos e who manage t h e steam-saws t o t h o s e who pr oduce beaut i f ul
carved work f or cabi net s and chai rs. Ther e are wor ker s in br ass who
make va s e s , candel abr a, door ha ndl e s , l amps, and many o t h e r t h i n g s ,
bot h u s e f u l and ornament al . The mos t a r t i s t i c a r e p e r h a p s t h e
wo r k e r s i n s i l v e r . T h e i r wo r k , h o we v e r , is a t p r e s e n t r a r e l y
or i gi nal . The A m i r s h o ws t hem a dr awi ng, or g i v e s t he m a good
Engl i sh model t o c o p y from. I n November 1893, when t h e o f f i c e r s o f
Si r Mortimer Dur and' s mi ssi on v i s i t e d t h e s e wo r k s h o p s , e v e r y br anch
of machi ner y was i n motion. Martini-Henry c a r t r i d g e maki ng was
pr oceedi ng a t a g r e a t pace, mi nt i ng was goi ng on, g u n s and r i f l e s
were bei ng bor e d, s h e l l s c a s t , t h e st eam hammer was a t work on a
ni ne- pounder gun c a s t i n t h e s h o p , and t h e new p o we r f u l r ol l i ng m i l l
was set i n motion. The st eam saw m i l l s , boot f a c t or y, c a n d l e and
s oap f a c t or y, h a r n e s s and t a i l or i ng s h o p s wer e i n s p e c t e d , and t h e
small st eam e ngi ne t ook t h e Br i t i s h Commi ssi oner and Si pah Sal ar f o r
a run down t o Deh Af ghan, a d i s t a n c e of a little unde r hal f a mi l e .
The popul at i on of Kabul, a c c or di ng t o t h e c e n s u s t a k e n by o r d e r o f
Amir Sh e r A l i i n t h e year 1876, was s t a t e d a t a bout 140, 000. The
of f i c i a l who s u p e r i n t e n d e d t h e c e n s u s ope r a t i ons , Kazi Abdul Kadi r,
gave t h e f ol l owi ng a s t h e r e s ul t :
Dur ani s 3, 000 Kashmi r i s 3, 000
Ta j i k s 12, 000 Sa i f is 4,000
Ghi l z a i s 2, 000 Hindus 4,000
Par achas 3,000 Armenians* 100
Ki zi l b a s h i s 6, 500 Jews* 50
Kabul is 103, 050
Tot a l
*It is d o u b t f u l wh e t h e r t h e r e a r e any now (1910) l e f t i n Kabul.
The l a s t named di vi s i on of t h e popul at i on is a r a c e cont ai ni ng
probabl y t h e e l e me nt s of e a c h wave o f i nva de r s t h a t ha s p a s s e d o v e r
t h e c a pi t a l s i nc e t h e ~ n d o - ~ c y t h i a n per i od. ~ e s e mb l i n g t h e ~ a j i k s a
good deal , and be i ng, l i k e t hem, Sunni Muhammadans, t h e y a r e Yet
c l a s s e d a p a r t . here a r e s o me 20, 000 o f t h o s e Ka bul i s p a r
e xc e l l e nc e t o be f ound o u t s i d e t h e t own and its s ubur bs . Away f r om
Kabul, t h e y c a l l t he ms e l ve s Tajik sf and a r e a ppa r e nt l y t ol e r a t e d i n
t h e vi l l ages by t h e l a t t e r a s i n f e r i o r and mongr el ki nsmen. The
Taj i ks t a k e t h e i r daug h t e r s i n mar r i age, b u t sel dom r e c i p r o c a t e i n
t h a t ma t t e r . o n t h e o t h e r h a n d , t h e Ki z i l b a s h i s g i v e t h e i r
d a u g h t e r s in mar r i age t o t h e Kabulis, who, i n t h e i r t ur n, d e c l i n e t o
r e c i pr oc a t e wi t h any Shi ah t r i be. The ~ a b u l i s sel dom rise t o any
Posi t i on of emi nence i n t h e St a t e . Some o f t hem a r e o f f i c e r s i n t h e
army, but none have r i s e n t o h i g h mi l i t ar y r ank, and t h e y a r e c h i e f -
l y t o be f ound e nga ge d i n p e t t y me r c ha ndi s e and a s handi cr af t s men.
he bl a c ks mi t hs , c a r p e n t e r s , and s hoe- maker s of t h e capital are
g e n e r a y Kabul i s, b u t t h e r e a r e no g r e a t me r c ha nt s among them.
Th e y f u r n i s h , howe ve r , f r om c i t y and d i s t r i c t near l y 2,000 soldiers,
and a r e , t a k e n a s a whol e, a u s e f u l , har d- wor ki ng s e c t i on of the
communi t y. ( The o t h e r t r i b e s c ompos i ng t h e popul at i on are treated
o f i n t h e i r own pl aces. )
Kabul was f i r s t made t h e c a p i t a l o f Af gha ni s t a n by Ti mur Shah, and
it c ont i nue d s o t h r o u g h o u t t h e whol e o f t h e Sadozai dynasty; on
t h e i r o v e r t h r o w it r emai ned i n t h e h a n d s o f Dos t Muhammad, who,
gr a dua l l y i nc r e a s i ng h i s powe r , was c r owne d Ami r , and si nce t hen it
h a s a l wa ys be e n c o n s i d e r e d t h e c a p i t a l t own o f Af ghani st an.
It was on t h e 7 t h Augus t 1839 t h a t Sha h Shuj a, e s c or t e d by t he
~ r i t i s h , made h i s s t a t e e n t r y i n t o Kabul.
Thr ough t h a t year and the
n e x t t h e Br i t i s h t r o o p s r emai ned wi t h o u t hi ndr ance.
~ i e u t e n a n t ~ u r a n d , of t h e Engi ne e r s , d r e w u p a r e p o r t soon a f t e r t he
a r r i va l o f t h e f o r c e on t h e d e f e n c e s of t h e pl ace, whi ch showed
c l e a r l y t h a t it wa s e s s e n t i a l ' t h a t t h e g a r r i s o n s h o u l d have
mi l i t ar y p o s s e s s i o n o f t h e Bala Hi sar , t h a t be i ng t h e pr oper place
f o r l o d g i n g t h e t r o o p s .
his was, howe ve r , n o t done , and t h e t r o o p s were per mi t t ed t o take
u p a p o s i t i o n i n t h e pl ai n bel ow, an i d e a o f whi ch cannot be bet t er
gi ve n t h a n i n t h e wo r d s o f Li e ut e na nt Vi nc e nt Eyre:
"TO r e n d e r our p o s i t i o n i nt e l l i gi bl e , it is ne c e s s a r y t o descri be
t h e c a nt onme nt o r f o r t i f i e d l i n e s , s o cal l ed. The c r e di t , however,
of havi ng s e l e c t e d t h e site f o r t h e cant onment s , o r cont r ol l ed t he
e x e c u t i o n o f its wo r k s , is n o t a d i s t i n c t i o n now l i k e l y t o be
cl ai med e x c l u s i v e l y by any one. But it mus t al ways remain a wonder
t h a t a ny gover nment , o r a ny o f f i c e r , o r set of o f f i c e r s , who had
e i t h e r s c i e n c e o r e x p e r i e n c e i n t h e f i e l d , s houl d, in a half-con-
q u e r e d c ount r y, f i x t h e i r f o r c e s ( a l r e a dy i na de qua t e t o t h e servi ces
t o whi c h t h e y mi g h t b e c a l l e d) i n s o e xt r a or di na r y and i nj udi ci ous a
mi l i t ar y pos i t i on. Ever y Engi ne e r Of f i c e r who had been consulted
s i n c e t h e f i r s t oc c upa t i on o f Kabul by o u r t r o o p s , had poi nt ed to
t h e Bala Hi sar a s t h e onl y s u i t a b l e pl a c e f o r a gar r i s on which was
t o k e e p i n s u b j e c t i o n t h e c i t y and t h e s ur r oundi ng count r y; butt
a b o v e all, it was s u r e l y t h e onl y p r o p e r site f o r t h e magazine, on
whi ch t h e army' s e f f i c i e nc y depended. In def i ance, however, of rule
and p r e c e d e n t , t h e p o s i t i o n e ve nt ua l l y f i x e d upon f o r our magazine
and c a nt onme nt s was a p i e c e of l ow swampy gr ound, commanded on all
sides by h i l l s or f o r t s . I t c o n s i s t e d of a l ow r ampar t and a narrow
d i t c h i n t h e f or m of a par al l el ogr am, t hr own up al ong t h e line of
t h e Kohi s t an r oa d, 1, 000 y a r d s l ong and 600 br oad, wi t h round,
f l a n k i n g b a s t i o n s a t e a c h c or ne r , e v e r y one o f whi ch was commanded
by some f o r t o r hi l l . TO o n e e nd of t h i s wor k was a t t a c he d a space
near l y hal f a s l a r g e agai n, and s u r r o u n d e d by a si mpl e w a l l * This
was c a l l e d t h e ' Mi ssi on Compound; ' ha l f of it was appr opr i at ed
t h e r e s i de nc e of t h e Envoy, t h e ot he r half being crowded with build-
i n g s , e r e c t e d wi t h o u t a ny a t t e mp t a t r e gul a r i t y, f o r t h e accommoda-
t i on o f t h e o f f i c e r s and a s s i s t a n t s of t h e mi ssi on, and t h e E ~ ~ ~ Y ' ~
body- guar d. Th i s l a r g e s p a c e r e q u i r e d i n t i m e of s i e ge to be
d e f e n d e d , and t h u s mat er i al l y we a ke ne d t h e gar r i s on; w bile its very
e xi s t e nc e r ender ed t h e whole f ace of t h e cantonment t o which it was
a n n e x e d , n u g a t o r y f o r p u r p o s e s o f d e f e n c e . ~ e s i d e s t hese
d i s a d v a n t a g e s , t h e l i n e s were a g r e a t d e a l t o o e x t e n d e d , s o that t he
r a mpa r t s c oul d n o t be p r o p e r l y manned wi t h o u t har as s i ng the garri-
son. On t h e e a s t e r n s i d e , a bout a q u a r t e r of a mile o f f , flowed t he
Kabul r i v e r i n a d i r e c t i o n pa r a l l e l wi t h t h e Kohi st an r oad*
Between
t h e r i v e r and cant onment s , a bout 150 y a r d s from t h e l at t er , was a
wi d e c a na l . Ge n e r a l E l p h i n s t o n e o n h i s a r r i v a l i n i Pr i l 10411
p e r c e i v e d a t a gl a nc e t h e u t t e r u n f i t n e s s of t h e cantonment for
purposes of prot ract ed def ence, and when a new f or t was about t o be
bui l t f o r t h e magazi ne on t h e s o u t h s i de , h e pr opos e d t o pur c ha s e
f or t h e Government a l a r g e por t i on of t h e l and i n t h e vi ci ni t y, wi t h
t h e view of removing some ve r y obj ect i onabl e e nc l os ur e s and g a r d e n s
which of f er ed s hel t er t o our enemy within 200 yar ds of our ramparts;
but hi s pr opos a l was not s a nc t i one d, nor wer e h i s r e pr e s e nt a t i ons on
t h e s ubj e c t a t t e n d e d wi t h any good r e s ul t . H e l o s t no t i m e , how-
ever, in t hr owi ng a b r i d g e over t h e r i ver , i n a d i r e c t l i ne be t we e n
t h e cant onment s and t h e Siah Sang camp, and in r e nde r i ng t h e b r i d g e
over t h e canal pas s abl e f o r guns ; whi ch j udi ci ous measur e s h o r t e n e d
t h e d i s t a n c e f o r a r t i l l e r y a nd i n f a n t r y by a t l e a s t 2 miles,
spar i ng, t oo, t h e n e c e s s i t y whi ch e x i s t e d pr evi ous l y of moving t o
and f r o by t h e main r oad, whi ch was commanded by t h r e e or f o u r
f or t s , a s w e l l a s from t h e c i t y walls; moreover, t h e ~ a b u l r i ve r
being Liable t o s u d d e n r i s e s and al most al ways unf or dabl e dur i ng t h e
rainy season (March and Apri l ), it w i l l eas i l y be unde r s t ood t h a t
t h e er ect i on of t h i s b r i d g e was a work of much i mpor t ance. But t h e
most unaccount abl e o v e r s i g h t of all, and t h a t whi ch may be sai d t o
have cont r i but ed most l a r ge l y t o our s ubs e que nt d i s a s t e r s , was t h a t
of having t h e commi ssar i at s t o r e s de t a c he d from cant onment s, i n an
ol d f o r t wh i c h , i n an o u t b r e a k , woul d b e a l mo s t i n d e f e n s i b l e .
Captain Ski nner , t h e C hi e Commi ssari at Of f i c e r a t t h e t i m e w hen
t h i s ar r angement was made, e a r ne s t l y s ol i c i t e d from t h e a u t h o r i t i e s
a pl ace wi t hi n t h e cant onment f o r h i s t or e s , but r e c e i ve d f o r a ns we r
t ha t no s uc h pl ace coul d be gi ven him. The Envoy hi msel f p r e s s e d
t h i s poi nt ver y ur ge nt l y, but wi t hout avail. A t t h e s o u t h we s t a ngl e
of cant onment s was t h e bazar vi l l age s ur r ounded by a low w a l l , and
s o c r o wd e d wi t h mud h u t s a s t o f or m a p e r f e c t maze. Near l y
oppos i t e, wi t h onl y t h e hi gh road bet ween, was t h e s m a l l f o r t of
Muhammad Shar i f , whi ch p e r f e c t l y commanded our s out h w e s t bast i on.
At t a c he d t o t h i s f o r t was t h e Sh a h Ba gh, o r Ki ng' s Ga r de n,
sur r ounded by a hi gh w a l l , and compr i si ng a s p a c e of about hal f a
squar e mi l e . About 200 ya r ds hi g he r up t h e r oad, t o war ds t h e c i t y
was t h e commi ssari at f o r t , t h e g a t e of whi ch s t ood ver y near l y oppo-
site t h e e nt r a nc e of t h e Shah Bagh. Ther e wer e var i ous o t h e r f o r t s
a t d i f f e r e n t poi nt s of our wor ks, whi ch w i l l be ment i oned i n t h e
cour se of e ve nt s . On t h e e a s t , a t t h e di s t a nc e of about a m i l e , was
a r ange of low hi l l s di vi di ng us from t h e Siah Sang camp; and on t h e
west , about t h e same di s t a nc e o f f , was a not he r somewhat h i g h e r
range, a t t h e n o r t h e a s t f l ank of whi ch, by t h e r oa ds i de , was t h e
vi l l age of Bemaru, commanding a g r e a t pa r t of t h e ' Mi ssi on Com-
Pound.' In f a c t , w e wer e s o hemmed in on al l s i d e s t ha t , when t h e
rebel l i on became gener al , t h e t r o o p s coul d not move out a dozen
Paces from e i t h e r ga t e , wi t hout bei ng e x p o s e d t o t h e f i r e of some
neig hbouri ng hos t i l e f o r t gar r i s oned, t oo, by marksmen who sel dom
missed t h e i r aim. The count r y ar ound us was l i ke wi s e f u l l of i mped-
iments t o t h e movements of a r t i l l e r y and caval ry, bei ng in many
Pl aces f l oode d, and e ve r y w h e r e c l os e l y i n t e r s e c t e d by d e e p wat er
Cuts.''
On t h e 2nd November 1841 t h e r ebel l i on br oke out and f ound t h e
Bri t i sh t r o o p s occupyi ng t h e pos i t i on above de s c r i be d. A t f i r s t
t he r e was some de s ul t or y f i ght i ng. On t h e 4t h t h e enemy t ook
Possession of Muhammad Shar i f ' s f o r t and t h u s e f f e c t ua l l y pr e ve nt e d
communication bet ween t h e cant onment and t h e commi ssari at f or t .
t he n s ur r ounded t h i s l a s t f o r t , and dr ove back t h r e e de t a c h-
me nt s s e n t from cant onment s t o t h e a s s i s t a nc e of its gar r i s on wi t h
l os s .
During t h e n i g h t of t h e 4t h it was ar r anged t o t r y and
Sei ze Muhammad Sha r i f ' s f or t , but on t h e morning of t h e 5t h, j u s t a s
a Part y g o t r eady f o r t h e pur pos e , t h e gar r i s on of t h e commi ssari at
ar r i ved a t cant onment s, havi ng evacuat ed t h e i r pos t .
Thus wer e
a l l t h e s u p p l i e s o f t h e g a r r i s o n l o s t , t h e r e be i ng a t t h a t tirne only
t wo da ys ' r a t i o n s i n t h e cant onment .
Dur i ng t h e 5 t h an a t t e mp t Was made t o c a r r y Muhammad Shar i f t s fort,
b u t f a i l e d, owi ng t o t h e o f f i c e r commandi ng t h e i nf ant r y not advanc-
i n g a t t h e p r o p e r moment.
On t h e 6 t h t h i s f o r t was c a r r i e d a f t e r a br e a c h had been made, and
an a t t e mp t o d i s l o d g e t h e enemy f r om t h e Shah Bagh, c l os e to it, was
d e f e a t e d wi t h he a vy l o s s .
On t h e 8 t h t h e enemy a t t e mpt e d to
Muhammad Sh a r i f ' s f o r t , b u t f a i l e d.
On t h e 9 t h Gener al She l t on,
who till t h i s had he l d t h e ml a Hi sar ,
wi t h d r e w t h e r e f r om wi t h h i s ga r r i s on.
On t h e 1 0 t h t h e enemy re-
c e i v e d s ome r e i n f o r c e me n t s f r om t h e Ghi l zai s , and s ei zed t he Ri ka
as hi f o r t , 400 y a r d s f r om t h e n o r t h e a s t a n g l e of t h e cantonments.
A p a r t y was t h e n d e t a c h e d u n d e r Gener al She l t on t o capt ur e it.
c a p t a i n ~ e l l e w bl ew i n t h e g a t e , t h e s t or mi ng pa r t y advanced, and
Col one l Macker el l and Li e ut e na nt Bird
wi t h a f e w man g o t in; but at
t h i s moment a p a r t y o f Af gha n caval r y c h a r g e d r ound t h e corner of
t h e f o r t , and t h e rest of t h e p a r t y g a v e way, onl y bei ng saved from
u t t e r d e s t r u c t i o n by t h e Gal l ant r y and f i r mn e s s o f Gener al Shelton.
~ e a n whi l e t h e s m a l l p a r t y who had g o t i n d r o v e t h e enemy out and
s h u t t h e g a t e by whi c h t h e y went , b u t on t h e above d i s a s t e r occur-
r i n g t h e enemy came back i n over whel mi ng numbers, and soon killed
a l l b u t Li e ut e na nt Bi rd and o n e s e poy. Th e s e t wo r e t r e a t e d to a
s t a b l e and c l o s e d t h e door , and t h e r e s t o o d a t bay keepi ng up a hot
f i r e f o r q u a r t e r of an hour , when, havi ng t h e n onl y f i v e car t r i dges
l e f t bet ween them, t h e y were r escued having ki l l ed upwards of 30 of
t h e enemy dur i ng t h a t time. The r e s c ue was e f f e c t e d by t h e entrance
o f Ge ne r a l Sh e l t o n wi t h a s t or mi ng par t y. Our l o s s was 200 killed,
and wounded, but t h e enemy evacuat ed all t h e f o r t s in t h e neighbour-
hood, and l e f t 1, 400 maunds o f g r a i n s i n our hands . Only half of
t h i s , howe ve r , was s e c u r e d , t h e rest be i ng t a k e n o f f by t h e enemy,
i n c o n s e q u e n c e of no gua r d be i ng l e f t i n c h a r g e o f it.
On t h e 1 3 t h t h e enemy o c c u p i e d t h e h e i g h t s of Bemaru, and a strong
f o r c e , c o n s i s t i n g of 2 guns , 4 s q u a d r o n s caval r y, and 17 companies
i nf a nt r y, we n t o u t t o d i s l o d g e t hem. Th i s movement was successf ul ,
and t h e enemy' s g u n s were c a p t u r e d , b u t w e l o s t t wo of our best
officers-Major Thai n a nd Capt ai n Pat on wounded.
Th i s was t h e l a s t s u c c e s s ga i ne d by t h e Br i t i s h till t h e end of t he
siege.
On t h e 1 5 t h Major Po t t i n g e r and Li e ut e na nt Haught on came in, having
es caped from C h a r i kar .
On t h e 1 9 t h e a f u t i l e a t t e mp t was made t o d r i v e t h e enemy of f t he
he i ght , o f f Bemaru, which t h e y had occupi ed.
On t h e 23r d a n o t h e r f o r c e , c o n s i s t i n g o f one h o r s e ar t i l l er y gun,
s q u a d r o n s caval r y, and 19 c ompa ni e s i nf a nt r y, was s e n t t o dr i ve t he
enemy of t h e same h e i g h t s , b u t t h e y r e c e i ve d r ei nf or cement s to t he
e x t e n t o f a b o u t 10, 000 men and s u r r o u n d e d t h e ~ r i t i s h detachment*
The Af ghans behaved with gallantry; t h e ~ r i t i s h t r oops do not appear
t o ha ve emul at ed t hem, e x c e p t i n t h e c a s e o f t h e o f f i c e r s t whose
c o n d u c t was beyond all pr a i s e . Af t e r t h e whol e day had been spent in
doi ng n o t h i n g , Gener al She l t on, s e e i n g t h e t r o o p s wer e in bad
r e t i r e d . On t h i s t h e enemy f ol l owe d, s l a u g h t e r i n g a s t h e y we nt , t he
Br i t i s h f o r c e be i ng s a ve d f r om u t t e r d e s t r u c t i o n by a gallant charge
o f L i e u t e n a n t s Har dyman a n d Wal ker o f t h e c a va l r y, a nd t he
f or be a r a nc e o f t h e enemy. The Br i t i s h l o s s was t r emendous- lfter
t h i s a l l h e a r t s e e me d t o g o o u t o f t h e men; s e ve r a l at t empt s were
made t o i n d u c e t h e a u t h o r i t i e s t o move o u t and s e i z e t h e Elata
b u t all were f r u s t r a t e d by obj e c t i ons whi ch can onl y be accounted
f o r by t h e p r o v e r b Quem Deus vul t p e r d e r e , p r i u s dement at * On t he
2 7 t h t h e enemy p r o p o s e d terms, whi c h c oul d not be a c c e pt e d* On t he
1st December t h e enemy made an i n e f f e c t u a l a s s a u l t on t h e Bala
~ i s a r ,
whi ch was gal l ant l y d e f e a t e d by Major Ewart .
On t h e 4t h December t h e enemy moved t o t h e Bemaru h e i g h t s and f i r ed
i nt o t h e cant onment , b u t wi t h o u t doi ng much damage, and d u r i n g t h e
n i g h t t h e y t r i e d t o c a r r y t h e g a t e of Muhammad S h a r i f ' s f o r t .
On t h e 6 t h December t h e ga r r i s on o f t h i s f o r t , c o n s i s t i n g o f one
company British and one company Native i nfant ry, f l ed t hough scarce-
l y a t t a c ke d a t al l .
On t h e 8 t h December t a l k o f r e t r e a t commenced; t h e ga r r i s on had now
600 wounded and onl y t h r e e d a y s ' s s u p p l i e s hal f - r at i on.
On t h e 11t h Sir Wi l l i a m MacNaghten, accompanied by Captains Lawrence
~ a c k e n z i e , and Tr evor , we nt o u t t o m e e t Akbar Khan and c e r t a i n o t h e r
c hi e f s f or t h e pur pose of arrangi ng t h e terms of sur r ender .
On t h e 1 3 t h e t h e t r o o p s i n t h e Bala Hisar e va c ua t e d it and came i n t o
cantonments.
The n e x t da ys were s p e n t i n ne got i a t i ons , and Si r William MacNag h t e n
on t h e 2 1 s t December agai n m e t Akbar Khan on t h e pl ai n t o wa r d s Si ah
Sang. On t h e 23r d, Akbar Khan havi ng p r o p o s e d s e p a r a t e terms t o Si r
William by whi ch h e was t o b e made Wazir, and t r o o p s were t o b e
admi t t ed i nt o Muhammad Khan' s f o r t and t o t h e Bala Hi sar , t h e Envoy
again went o u t t o meet him. But a p l o t had be e n a r r a nge d, and a t a
gi ven s i gna l t h e f o u r Engl i s h o f f i c e r s were s e i z e d , and Si r William
MacNaghten was s h o t by Akbar Khan and hacked to pi eces immediately,
h i s e s c o r t all r unni ng away a t once.
From t h i s day till t h e 6 t h January t h e ne got i a t i ons we nt on, and a t
l a s t on t h a t mor ni ng t h e ga r r i s on, number i ng still 4, 500 f i g h t i n g
men (of whi ch t h e r e were 690 Br i t i s h, 970 Nat i ve caval r y, and 2,840
Native i nf a nt r y) and 12, 000 f ol l owe r s , mar ched out . The i r f a t e is
w e l l known: o f a l l t h a t number, Dr . Br ydon was t h e onl y man who
r eached Jal al abad, b e s i d e s 95 pr i s one r s , men, women, and c h i l d r e n ,
who were recovered af t er war ds.
On t h e 1 5 t h Se pt e mbe r 1842, Gener al Pol l ock a r r i ve d a t Kabul wi t h an
army, and t ook p o s s e s s i o n of t h e Bala Hi sar wi t h o u t any oppos i t i on,
and t h e Br i t i s h f o r c e s r emai ned till 1 2 t h Oct ober , when t h e c i t y was
evacuat ed.
Pr evi ous t o t h e d e p a r t u r e o f t h e army, t h e g r e a t ba z a a r , t he Char
Chata, was dest r oyed by gunpowder a s a r et r i but i on f o r t h e murder o f
Sir William MacNag h t e n and t h e i n d i g n i t i e s o f f e r e d t o h i s r emai ns on
t h i s s pot .
Af t er Gener al Pol l oc k' s d e p a r t u r e from Kabul i n 1842 no Engl i shman
ever vi s i t e d t h e pl a c e u n t i l 1879, a l t h o u g h a Russi an Mi ssi on had
been r e c e i ve d t h e r e i n t h e pr e vi ous year , t h e l a s t members of whi ch
accompani ed A mi r S h e r A l i Khan i n h i s f l i g h t f r om Kabul t o Af ghan
Tur ki st an i n December 1878.
For an a c c ount of t h e ope r a t i ons , etc., i n t h e ne i ghbour hood o f
Kabul i n 1879-80 see t h e ' l Of f i ci al Hi s t or y of t h e Second Af ghan
War ."
The c ha nge in t h e e x t e r n a l a s p e c t o f Kabul s i n c e its evacuat i on by
t h e Br i t i s h i n 1880 is n o t s o g r e a t a s mi g h t be e x p e c t e d . A s s t a t e d
a bove , A m i r Abdur Rahman ha d b u i l t h i ms e l f a f i n e f o r t i f i e d
resi dence bef or e hi s deat h and t h e pl ace can now boast of some ot he r
good houses which cont r ast favourably with t h e old mud bui l di ngs of
former days. One o r t wo br oad r o a d s l i ne d wi t h r ows of trees have
c o n s t r u c t e d , and one sees a f e w wheel ed v e h i c l e s a bout Kabul,
b u t t h e r oa ds a r e still ve r y bad. The var i ous f o r t s b u i l t by u s
dur i ng our oc c upa t i on on t h e Asmai h e i g h t s , t h e Si ah Sang, and
a p p e a r t o b e c a r e f ul l y k e p t u p and oc c upi e d by t r o o p s .
The She r pur cant onment is f u l l of t r o o p s , and l o o k s j u s t a s it d i d
dur i ng t h e war, e x c e p t t h a t t h e p a r a p e t s and p o r t i o n s o f t h e w a l l
are somewhat o u t of r epai r . The wal l ed ga r de n cal l ed Shah Bagh h a s
been removed. Muhammad Shar i f ' s f o r t and t h e remains of t he canton-
ment of 1842 a r e i n t h e same St a t e a s t h e y were 1 5 year s ago. The
Br i t i s h c e me t e r y a t S h e r p u r 1s i n f a i r l y g o o d or de r . I t i s
s ur r ounde d by a s i x- f oot w a l l , and t h e i nt e r i or is cl ean and neat,
The pl a c e is vi s i t e d dai l y by one of t h e s owa r s of t h e British
Age nc y, a nd t h e Ag e n t h i ms e l f v i s i t s it f r om t i m e t o time.
( Li eut enant Durand, Eyre, Kazi Abd ul Kadir, Si r Mortimer Durand,
El l es, Cl ar k, I.B.C.)
KABUL ( RI VER) L J & ~
he ~ a b u l r i ve r r i s e s i n t h e e a s t e r n s l o p e s of t h e Sanglakh range
near t h e ~ n a i pa s s , a bout 45 m i l e s w e s t of t h e c i t y of Kabul. Under
t h e name o f t h e Unai , o r Sar - i - Chashma, s t r e a m it f l ows i n an
e a s t e r l y di r e c t i on f o r a bout 12 m i l e s t o t h e vi l l age of Jalrez where
it is j oi ned from t h e nor t h by a l a r g e r st r eam known a s t h e Sanglakh
Dara and, unde r t h e name of t h e Zaimani, o r Manduka st ream, contin-
u e s e a s t wa r d s f o r a n o t h e r 10 m i l e s t o t h e vi l l age of Kot-i-Ashru.
Down t o t h i s poi nt t h e r i ve r is f ol l owed, al most from its source, by
t h e main Kabul-Herat r oad. A t Kot-i-Ashru it is de f l e c t e d by the
Korogh s p u r of t h e Paghman r a nge and
f l ows i n a sout h- sout heast er l y
di r e c t i on, t h r o u g h what is l ocal l y known a s t h e Maidan valley, for
a bout 8 miles t o t h e poi nt whe r e it is c r o s s e d by t h e main Kabul-
Kandahar r oad, j u s t nor t h of t h e vi l l age of Kala Durani. In t hi s
Sect i on of its c o u r s e it r e c e i v e s from t h e w e s t t h e stream which
dr a i ns t h e Ni r kh val l ey. Where c r o s s e d by t h e Kabul-Kandahar road
t h e r e were, i n 1895, t h e r emai ns of a masonry br i dge over t h e river,
and it is bel i eved t h a t t h i s b r i d g e ha s been r e c e nt l y r econst r uct ed.
The r i ve r is, however , e a s i l y f or da bl e he r e , t h e r e bei ng only about
1 8 i n c h e s of wat er i n April. From t h i s poi nt t h e r i ver makes a sharp
bend and f l o ws nor t he a s t , t h r o u g h t h e Lalandar val l ey, t o t h e Deh
Mozang gor ge , j u s t w e s t of Kabul c i t y, whe r e it emer ges on t o the
Kabul pl a i n.
Pas s i ng be t we e n t h e c i t y of Kabul and She r pur it f l ows eastwards
t h r o u g h an ope n pl ai n f o r a bout 1 5 m i l e s when its bed becomes
s u d d e n l y c ont r a c t e d i nt o a narrow g o r g e cal l ed t h e Tangi Gharu.
Be f or e e nt e r i ng t h i s g o r g e its volume ha s been more t han doubled by
t h e j unct i on from t h e s o u t h , a t a bout 6 miles e a s t of Kabul ci t y, of
t h e Logar r i ver . Above t h i s j unct i on t h e Kabul r i ve r may be con-
s i d e r e d t o be f or da bl e anywher e, e x c e p t dur i ng an act ual spate;
bel ow onl y a t a f ew pl a c e s and t h e n onl y i n t h e col d weat her.
On emer gi ng from t h e Tangi Gharu near t h e vi l l age of ~ogamand the
r i v e r is d e f l e c t e d i n a n o r t h e a s t e r l y d i r e c t i o n by a l ong spur
r unni ng down from t h e Sa f e d Koh; r oundi ng t h i s s p u r it bends again
t o t h e s o u t h e a s t and c ont i nue s i n t h i s di r e c t i on f o r some 12 mi l e s
till it r e a c h e s t h e ne i g hbour hood of Dargai. During t h i s part
its c o u r s e t h e r i ve r f l ows f o r t h e most pa r t in a narrow bed, t he
hi l l s , a s a r ul e, coming c l o s e down t o its banks on e i t he r Side, but
occasi onal l y r e c e di ng t o form small mai dans whi ch a r e i n every case
r i c h l y c ul t i va t e d.
Prom Dargai it f l ows near l y d u e e a s t f o r about 20 miles t o Jablabad
wi t h t h e s p u r s of t h e Siah Koh r unni ng c l o s e down t o its r i ght bank
and t h e ope n Lag hman pl ai n on t h e l e f t . From Jalalabad it
e a s t - s out he a s t in an ope n val l ey, t o Dakka, s hor t l y a f t e r passing
whi ch pl ace it c r o s s e s t h e Br i t i s h f r ont i e r .
The pr i nc i pa l t r i but a r i e s of t h e Kabul r i ve r are:
Ri g h t bank. The Logar, t h e Tezi n, and t h e Surkhab.
Le f t bank. The P a n j ~ h i r , t h e combi ned di nga r - Al i ~ha n9, and t he
Kunar .
Each o f t h e s e t r i b u t a r i e s f o r m n a t u r a l r oa ds leading t o t he
m o u n b i n 0 ~ ~ r e gi ons a t t h e i r aour cea.
A de s c r i pt i on of each w i l l be
found under t h e a r t i c l e r e l a t i ng t he r e t o.
Br i dges.
The r e a r e f i v e b r i d g e s over t h e r i ve r a t Kabul i t s e l f (see
Kabul Ci t y) . Be t we e n Kabul a nd t h e Br i t i s h f r o n t i e r t h e onl y
br i dge s a r e t h r e e ( one of wood and t wo of br i c k) i n t h e Tangi Ghar u
a steel s us pe ns i on b r i d g e a t Darunta, and a b r i d g e of boa t s be t we e n
Dakka and Lal pur a. Th i s l a s t is onl y ma i nt a i ne d i n t h e c o l d
weat her. A t Pul-i-Charkhi, 9 miles below Kabul, pa r t of an ol d
br i dge ( s t one p i e r s and a r c h e s ) remai ns b u t t h e r i ve r ha s c u t away
t h e al l uvi al s oi l on t h e r i g h t bank and t h e b r i d g e now e n d s i n t h e
a i r .
For ds and f e r r i e s . Below Kabul f o r d s a r e known t o exi st a t t h e
fol l owi ng poi nt s: Dakka, A l i Boghan, Jal al abad, Gondi (16 m i l e s
above Jal al abad), Khairo Khel and Sarobi.
Ther e a r e masak- r af t f e r r i e s a t A l i Boghan, Jalalabad and Kajurai,
and a f e r r y of boa t s a t Dakka whi ch is us ed when t h e b r i d g e of boa t s
has been dismantled or washed away. The f or ds ar e f or t h e most par t
only pr act i cabl e dur i ng t h e col d weat her when t h e r i ve r is low. A t
Khairo Khel t h e wat er was f ound t o be up t o a man' s c hi n i n Augus t
1904. The act ual pos i t i ons of t h e f o r d s c ha nge from year t o year ,
and t h e y s houl d t h e r e f o r e never be a t t e mpt e d wi t hout t h e a s s i s t a n c e
of a l ocal gui de who s houl d be made t o c r o s s over f i r s t .
With t h e e xc e pt i on of t h e f e r r y be t we e n Dakka and Lal pura no boa t s
ar e t o be f ound on t h e r i ver west of t h e Br i t i s h f r ont i e r . I t may,
however, be c ons i de r e d a s navi gabl e by boa t s of l i g h t d r a f t , and by
r a f t s a s f a r up a s Kats Muhammad Al i , 30 m i l e s above Jalalabad. An
e f f i c i e n t s e r vi c e of r a f t s was or gani zed i n Jul y and Augus t 1880
bet ween Jalalabad and Dakka a s a s uppl ement t o t h e road t r a ns por t .
( I .B.C.)
KABUL BAI J&&C
34- 69-. The name gi ven t o a col l ect i on of vi l l ages near Kabul,
l yi ng 2 m i l e s e a s t of She r pur on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Kabul r i ve r
and immediately e a s t of Yakat ut .
Kabul Bai compri ses t he f ol l owi ng haml et s:
The i nhabi t ant s a r e a l l Taj i ks. (Kennedy.) Recent maps s how t h e
vi l l age of Zanabad a t 34-31 69-18. ( LWA)
*KABUL1 &a
34-55 69-6 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed on a pat h about hal f way bet ween
I st al i f and Char i kar , some 3 miles w e s t of t h e hi ghway. Anot her
pl ace with t h i s name is l ocat ed w e s t of t h e Mukur-Ghazni hi ghway,
some 8 miles s o u t h we s t of Ghazni, a t 33-27 68-21 m.
*KABUL IAN r j u
34-18 70-13 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed near J anbazkhel and s out h w e s t of
Jal al abad.
KABUL TSAPPAR
34-34 70-56 A. A r a nge of hi l l s formi ng i n pa r t t h e wat er s hed
bet ween t h e Kunar and Panj kora r i ve r s , and s epar at i ng t h e Kunar
d i s t r i c t from Bajaur and Mohamand count r y- - see "Kunar." Recent maps
ahow t h e name Bar Tsaparai a t 34-33 70-52 m.
&WA)
*KABZAR 22
34-3 67-32 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d i n t h e Sa f i d a b a r e a , ne a r t h e
Garmab st ream in s out he r n Bamian pr ovi nce.
KACHAK @
34-44 66-58 G. Two haml et s i n t h e Band-i-Amir val l ey, 5 miles below
Fi r ozbahar . ( ~ a i t l a n d .)
'KACHAKHEL
&C?S
34-36 70-57 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d n o r t h we s t of Ghundai on a tribu-
t a r y of t h e Kunar r i ver , s o u t h e a s t of Khas Kunar. Another place
wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d on a pa t h l e a di ng from Ghazni t o Nawa-i-
Kharwar, a bout 10 m i l e s w e s t of t h e l a t t e r , a t 33-41 68-42 m.
KACHAN
34-44 69-2. El evat i on not less t ha n 12, 000 f e e t .
"'4
A p a s s ove r t h e Paghman r a nge , c r o s s e d by a road l eadi ng from ~e h - i -
Nao, a vi l l age near Farza in t h e Koh Daman, di s t a nt 20-1/2 miles
from Kabul d i r e c t t o Si ahgi r d i n t h e Ghorband valley. ~t appear s to
be a l s o known a s t h e Kah Dara. I t is s t a t e d t h a t t h e r e are two
t r a c k s from t h e Koh Daman val l ey t o t h e Kachan Kotal; one up t he
Shakar Dara, and over a r i d g e i nt o t h e Kah Dara; and t h e ot her up
t h e Kah Dara i t s e l f . The f or mer is pas s abl e f o r l aden camels. From
what coul d be s e e n of t h e Kah Dara r avi ne from t h e kot al (October
1886) it seemed f a i r l y easy. The c r e s t of t h e kot al is a neck i n
t h e a c t ua l wa t e r s he d of t h e main Paghman r ange. On t h e northeast
t h e hi l l s r i s e t o a peak somewhat h i g h e r t ha n t h e kot al and ar e very
r oc ky, but a c c e s s i b l e t o i nf ant r y. On t h e s out hwe s t , r i si ng close
above is t h e peak of Sai yi dan. Thi s t oo, is r oc ky and preci pi t ous,
b u t a c c e s s i bl e t o i nf ant r y.
From t h e Kachan Kotal a most magni f i cent view is obt ai ned both of
t h e Ghor band val l ey and of t h e Koh Daman, and i ndeed up t o Kabul
i t s e l f , t h e end of t h e Wazirabad l ake, nor t h of t h e l at t er , being
pl ai nl y v i s i b l e .
The whol e of t h e d e s c e n t from t h e kot a l i nt o t h e Saiyidan Dara may
be c ons i de r e d a t o u g h j ob f o r any l a de n animals; but t h e pathway
coul d be i mpr oved wi t hout much l abour by l e ngt he ni ng t h e zig-zags-
The s o i l is, a s a r ul e, s hi ngl y and eas y, t hough, he r e and t here,
t h e r e a r e s h o r t r oc ky b i t s whi ch would gi ve a little e xt r a trouble.
Af t e r a m i l e of d e s c e n t a pat hway j oi ns from t h e Fi nduki st an Dara on
t h e r i g h t , t h e whol e e x t e n t of whi ch, up t o wher e it debouches into
t h e Ghor band val l ey, is vi s i bl e from t h i s poi nt . The pathway down
i t is sai d t o be onl y pa s s a bl e f o r f oot men, but it doe s not appear
t o be any wor s e t ha n t h e road down t h e ~ a i y i d a n ravine. From ~e h - i -
Nao t o S i a h g i r d t h e d i s t a n c e is a b o u t 28 miles. ( ~r ummond*)
Anot her pl ace wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 33-10 69-37 G. (LWA)
Jal al abad, and a not he r a t 34-16 70-6 m.
KACH-I See KATS-I
KACHRA
'A
34- 70-. A vi l l age in Laghman, on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Alingar
r i ver , about 5 miles nor t h of Mandrawarm I nhabi t ant s Ghi l z a i ~. The
v i l l a g e c o n t a i n s a f o r t c a l l e d ~ a l a - i - Ta r r a ~ h e l . ( war bur t on- )
Ot her p l a ~ e s wi t h t h i s name a r e l oc a t e d 34-15 70-3 G. and 34-32 To-
35 G. ( L WA)
KACHO
d
34- 70-. (Also known a s b z a r a k , or Rahman Khel.) A vfllage in
t h e Panj s hi r val l ey. I t lies on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e r i ve r , 72
miles from Kabul on t h e Kabul-Khawak-Khanabad r oad; it c ont a i ns some
40 f ami l i es of Taj i ks. On t h e o p p o s i t e bank near t h e mout h o f the
Tul khah Dara, is t h e vi l l a ge o f Tul khah, c ont a i ni ng a bout 60 fami-
lies of Taj i ks.
Ther e is a good d e a l of c ul t i va t i on near Kachu, and room f o r t r o o p s
t o encamp on t h e f i e l d s . The g l e n is h e r e f r om 600 t o 700 y a r d s
wide; t h e h i l l s on e i t h e r s i d e a r e n o t ve r y h i g h , bei ng t h e e n d s o f
s p u r s r unni ng down f r om t h e mount ai ns, b u t t h o s e on t h e l e f t bank
a r e al most i na c c e s s i bl e , e ve n t o a c t i v e i nf a nt r y; t h o s e on t h e r i g h t
bank a r e less s t e e p , a n d t h e r e is a p a t h l e a d i n g u p t h e m,
pr act i cabl e f o r caval r y. The h i l l s on t h e r i g h t bank a r e known
l ocal l y a s t h e Koh-i-Khwaja Khan Sayyi d, and t h o s e on t h e l e f t as
t h e Koh-i-Tulkhah. The p e o p l e i n t h e ne i ghbour hood o f Kachu g o u p
t h e Par andev Dara t o p a s t u r e i n summer.
Suppl i e s l ocal l y pr oc ur a bl e at Kachu would pr obabl y s u f i c e f o r a
bat t al i on of i nf a nt r y, and 3 s qua dr ons , f o r one week; i f t h e whol e
of t h e val l ey were l ai d unde r c ont r i but i on 5 or 6 t i m e t h i s amount
mi ght b e c ol l e c t e d.
One m i l e a bove Kachu t h e Par andev Dara j oi ns t h e Panj s hi r from t h e
e a s t . (I.B.C.)
* KACHU
34-1 70-30 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a t t h e s o u r c e o f a s t r eam i n t h e
Spi n Ghar ( Saf i d Kuh) mount ai ns whi ch r u n s n o r t h e a s t i n t o t h e Kabul
r i v e r .
* KACHUGHU 9 4
34-0 68-31 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d n o r t h o f Ghazni and s ome 12 m i l e s
west of Sayyi dabad i n Maidan pr ovi nce.
34-50 70-18 m. A v i l l a g e i n Laghman. I n h a b i t a n t s Ko h i s t a n i s .
(Warbur t on. )
KADAB +
!d
34-14 70-31 G. A s m a l l g r o u p o f vi l l a ge s , cont ai ni ng some 69 fami-
lies of Dehgans, i n t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t , a bout 2 1 m i l e s w e s t -
s out h west of Basawal. (I.B.C.)
KADAKH C~
A s e c t i on of t h e J i r gha i Besud Hazaras. ( See Mi l i t ary Re por t on
Hazar aj at , P a r t 11.)
*KADALAI J-S
34-10 68-42 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d nor t h of Langar on a s t r eam i n t h e
Wardak ar ea i n Maidan pr ovi nce.
* KADAL J'S
34-56 68-21 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e Ghor band r i ve r , w e s t of
Dahan-i-Botian.
*KADALAK db
34-6 67-26 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d near J i s k a on a t r i but a r y of t h e
Garmab r i ver . Ot he r pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name a r e l oc a t e d s o u t h of
Radi r khel on a t r i but a r y of t h e Ghor band, a t 34-55 68-49 m.; s o u t h -
west of Ghazni a f e w m i l e s n o r t h we s t of Ranakhel i n Ghazni pr ovi nc e
a t 33-27 68-8 m.
KADAH ( r 4 t i
33-22 70-11 m. A vi l l a ge i n Khost , 9 m i l e s from Sabari, t owar ds the
St e r kua l Nala. The vi l l age c ont a i ns 40 hous e s and a l ar ge wa e d
e nc l os ur e , 150 f e e t s qua r e , t h a t coul d be t hr own i nt o a good state
of def ence. (Kennedy.)
KADAM TANA
&L$
33-23 70-17 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d near t h e Paki st an bor der , east of
Al i s her i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
KADIR KHAN
34- 69-. A m a l l Durani f o r t i n t h e Yakat ut township.
( J J ~ "'-hi
*KADI RKHEL & ,,A
34-56 68-47 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d nor t h of t h e Kuh-i-Yakhdara, on a
t r i but a r y of t h e G hor band.
*KADI R KHUNE
L; +, J~
32-29 68-23 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d about hal f way bet ween Jani hel and
Wazakh wa i n Ghazni pr ovi nce. Ot her pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name are lo-
c a t e d about 1 5 m i l e s nor t h of Wazakhwa, a t 32-23 68-21 m.; and east
of J a ni khe l , a t 32-45 68-34111.
&L,,&
KAD-I-ROGHANI
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge in t h e Hi sarak di vi s i on of t h e Jalalabad dis-
trict. I nha bi t a nt s Duranis. ( Jenkyns. ) Recent maps show t h e name
Roghani , a t 34-14 70-31 m. (LWA)
*KADIR TANGA
3;;) a t
32-34 68-30 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d n o r t h we s t of t h e ~or-i-Tangarai
and a bout 20 m i l e s s o u t h of Zar ghun Sha hr i n Ghazni provi nce.
KADUL ebb
34-4 67-44 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d near Altan a t t h e s our ce of t he
Dara-i-Jelga i n Bamian pr ovi nce.
KADULA J J ~
34-46 69-3 m. A vi l l a ge in t h e Koh Daman, 26 miles nor t heast of
Kabul. (Masson.) Anot her vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is l ocat ed north
of I s t a l i f on a pa t h t o Char i kar , about 3 miles w e s t of t h e highway
i n Parwan pr ovi nce, a t 34-55 69-6 m. (LWA)
KAPAK
&P
34-33 67-22 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e ~um- i - ~akhak
s o u t h of t h e Kuh-i-Baba in Bamian pr ovi nce.
Kharwar i n Logar pr ovi nce.
*KAFPARI
cCI rb
32-52 68-32 m. A vi l l aqe l oc a t e d some 5 miles e a s t of Zarg hun Shahr
and s o u t h of Malakh i n ~ h a z n i pr ovi nce.
r i ver , a bout 5 miles e out h%s e t of Bamian.
46
A vi l l age a t t h e we s t e r n f o o t of t h e Zana Khan pa", O n
t h e road from Kharwar t o Chazni , and a bout 18 m i l e s n o r t h e a s t o f t h e
l a t t e r p l a c e . (I.B.C.)
KAFIRISTAN NOW c a l l e d NURISTAN
" L j 6
35-30 70-45 A. Kaf i r i s t an was c onque r e d by Muslim Af gha n f o r c e s i n
1895-6 and t h e Kaf i r s were s u b s e q u e n t l y c onve r t e d t o 1slam. A
cons i der abl e body o f s c hol a r l y l i t e r a t u r e h a s be e n publ i s he d s i n c e
t h e f ol l owi ng a r t i c l e , see bi bl i ogr a phi e s , e s pe c i a l l y by ~ c h y l e r
Jones, and ~ u c h e r e r - Di e t s c h i . Mr. Ahmad Ysuf Nur i st ani , Ph.D. can-
di da t e a t t h e Uni ver s i t y o f Arizona, r ead t h e f ol l owi ng e n t r y and
made some val uabl e c o r r e c t i o n s and comment s whi ch a r e mar ked wi t h
hi s i ni t i al s . (LWA)
Thi s r egi on, a l t h o u g h it is i nha bi t e d by t r i b e s o f d i f f e r e n t or i gi n
usi ng d i f f e r e n t l a ngua ge s , a l l mor e o r less i ni mi cal t o o n e a n o t h e r ,
and among whom a pr i mi t i ve Pagan (But see a l s o l a s t pa r a gr a ph o f
t h i s ar t i cl e. ) , r e l i gi on a f f o r d s no bond of common uni on, is y e t
known, and ha s be e n known f o r c e n t u r i e s , by t h e s i n g l e title,
Kafi ri st an, whi ch l i t e r a l l y means " t h e l and o f t h e i nf i del . " Thi s
name, f o r want o f a b e t t e r , and t o p r e v e n t c onf us i on, mus t b e still
a dhe r e d t o. Its i nha bi t a nt s wi l l i ngl y a c c e p t t h e d e s i g n a t i o n o f
Kafir, a l t h o u g h it is a word t h e y c a nnot pr ope r l y pr onounce. The y
t hems el ves a p p e a r t o have no s i n g l e de s i gna t i on f o r t h e whol e coun-
t r y, but cal l d i f f e r e n t p a r t s of it a f t e r t h e name of t h e d i f f e r e n t
t r i bes w ho i n ha bi t it.
Our r el i abl e knowl e dge o f Kaf i r i s t an is s o l i mi t ed t h a t wha t e ve r is
wr i t t e n h e r e is l i a b l e t o mo d i f i c a t i o n . Be f o r e Sur ge on- Ma j or
Rober t son' s v i s i t t o t h e c ount r y i n 1889 and agai n i n 1890-91, no
European, with one s i ngl e except i on had ever y penet r at ed t her e. The
e xc e pt i on r e f e r r e d t o was Col onel Lock h a r t ' s mi ssi on, whi c h, i n
Sept ember 1885, c r o s s e d f r om Chi t r a l i n t o t h e u p p e r p a r t of t h e
Bashgul val l ey, r emai ned t h e r e a f e w da ys , and t h e n wi t hdr e w i n t o
Chi t r al by a n o t h e r r oad. McNair, it is be l i e ve d, ne ve r e n t e r e d t h e
r eal Kafir c ount r y a t all; h e onl y s u c c e e d e d i n r e a c hi ng some o f t h e
Kalash vi l l a ge s of Chi t r al , whi ch h e mi s t ook f o r t h e t r u e Kafi ri -
Stan. Surgeon-Major Robe r t s on t r a ve r s e d t h e whol e o f t h e Basg hul ,
and many of its s ubs i di a r y val l eys , from e nd t o e nd, and c r o s s e d
from it t o t h e t o p of t h e Munjan val l ey of Badakhshan. H e a l s o
examined t h e Kunar val l ey, and many of its s i d e val l eys , f r om Mirka-
ni t o Bailam. Fi nal l y, h e pe ne t r a t e d i n t o one of t h e i nner val l eys
of Kaf i r i st an, cal l ed Viron o r Wiron by Muhammadans, and Pr e s un by
t h e Kafi rs. In accompl i s hi ng t h i s ve r y l i mi t ed amount o f t r a v e l h e
e xpe nde d more t h a n a year. Tr i bal j e a l ous i e s were s o gr e a t , and h i s
posi t i on was o f t e n t i m e s s o d i f f i c u l t , t h a t i t was f r e q u e n t l y a
ques t i on, not of h i s bei ng a bl e t o g e t on, b u t of h i s bei ng a bl e t o
maintain hi msel f in t h e c ount r y a t all; whi l e on one occas i on t h e
uncomf or t abl e s u g g e s t i o n was f i e r c e l y de ba t e d i f it would n o t b e
advi sabl e f o r t h e t r i b e t o k e e p him a c l o s e pr i s one r f o r t h r e e
Years, and compel him dur i ng t h a t per i od t o s e nd t o I ndi a f o r a s
much money and a s many r i f l e s a s h i s pr opos e d c u s t o d i a n s s houl d see
fit t o demand.
Thus it w i l l b e u n d e r s t o o d t h a t t h e a c t u a l e x t e n t o f c o u n t r y
Sur ge on- ~a j or Rober t s on was abl e t o e x p l o r e was not ve r y gr e a t . H e
is* however , by f a r our best a ut hor i t y, and t h e f ol l owi ng i nforma-
t i on has t h e r e f o r e been f o r t h e mos t p a r t t a k e n f r om a r e p o r t
r ecent l y f ur ni s he d by him.
Boundaries. The ge ogr a phi c a l pos i t i on of Kaf i r i st an is all i nc l ude d
bet ween l a t i t u d e 34-31' and l a t i t u d e 36 and from a bout l o n g i t u d e 70
l ongi t ude 71-30' .
The we s t e r n f r o n t i e r bei ng pr a c t i c a l l y unknown
and somewhat i l l - def i ned it is d i f f i c u l t t o e s t i ma t e a c c ur a t e l y t h e
of t h e count r y. I t s g r e a t e s t e x t e n t is from e a s t t o w e s t a t
l a t i t u d e 35-10' , its g r e a t e s t b r e a d t h is pr obabl y a t l ongi t ude 71,
Its map a r e a may b e p u t down a s s ome whe r e a bout 5,000 s qua r e miles.
It s bounda r i e s a r e t h e Hi ndu Kush on t h e nor t h; t h e e a s t e r n wat er-
s h e d o f t h e Ba s hgul on t h e e a s t ; t h e Kunar val l ey and ~ f g h ~ ~ i ~ t ~ ~
p r o p e r on t h e s o u t h ; and on t h e W e s t t h e r a n g e s above t h e Ni j r a o and
~ a n j s h i r v a l l e y s o f Af g h a n i s t a n . On t h e n o r t h , S u r g e o n - ~ ~ j ~ ~
Robert son bel i eves, t h e Munjan valley of Badakhshan di ps down, so to
s p e a k , i n t o t h e h e a r t o f Kaf i r i st an.
H e b a s e s h i s opi ni on on native
i n f o r ma t i o n , a n d o n c e r t a i n d e d u c t i o n s wh i o h seem t o hi m not
unr eas onabl e.
Gener al d e s c r i p t i o n . Kaf i r i s t an c o n s i s t s o f an i r r e gul a r s e r i e s of
main v d e y s , f o r t h e mos t p a r t d e e p , nar r ow and t or t uous , into
whi c h a var yi ng number of still mor e d i f f i c u l t , nar r ower , and deeper
va l l e ys , r a vi ne s , and g l e n s pour t h e i r t o r r e n t s . The hi l l s which
s e p a r a t e t h e main dr a i na ge val l eys , t h e one from t h e ot he r , ar e all
of t hem o f c o n s i d e r a b l e a l t i t u d e , r u g g e d and t oi l some. A s a conse-
que nc e , dur i ng t h e wi nt er , Ka f i r i s t a n is pr a c t i c a l l y conver t ed into
a number o f s e p a r a t e communi t i es wi t h no means o f intercommunica-
t i on. Take, f o r exampl e, t h e Ba s hgul val l ey. During t h e time t he
h i l l s a r e u n d e r s now, t h e onl y way t o r e a c h t h e Katir peopl e, who
i n h a b i t t h e u p p e r por t i on o f t h e d i s t r i c t , is t o t r a ve l from t he
Kunar val l ey t h r o u g h t h e t e r r i t o r y , f i r s t o f t h e Kam and t h e n of t he
Madugal tribe. Su p p o s i n g e i t h e r o f t h e s e t wo t r i b e s be a t war wi t h
t h e Kat i r s, t h e l ast - named a r e t h e n c ompl e t e l y i s ol at ed from t he
r e s t o f t h e wor l d, unt i l t h e p a s s e s o p e n i n t h e s pr i ng. The inhabi-
t a n t s o f Vi ron, o r Pr e s un, (Today non- Nur i st ani s cal l t h i s valley
Par un and its i n h a b i t a n t s Paruni . The letter "n" in Pr esun is not
pr onounc e d. The Kat i r and Kam c a l l t h e val l ey Pr asuzgal and t he
p e o p l e Pr as uz whi l e t h e p e o p l e f r om Waigal val l ey cal l it Pazigal
a n d its p e o p l e Pa z a i [ AYN] ) , a r e s i mi l a r l y c u t o f f from t h e
s ur r oundi ng t r i b e s , f o r t h e onl y e nt r a nc e , t o t h e i r count r y, when
t h e p a s s e s a r e c l o s e d , is up t h e r i ve r whi ch f l o ws i nt o t h e Kunar at
Ch i g h a Sarai. A l l t h e p a s s e s whi ch l ead from Badakhshan into
Kaf i r i s t an a r e c e r t a i nl y ove r 15, 000 f e e t i n h e i g h t . On t h e Chitral
s i d e t h e r o a d s ove r t h e e nc l os i ng r a nge s , a l t h o u g h somewhat l es s
e l e v a t e d , a r e still v e r y h i g h , and a r e c ompl e t e l y c l os e d by snow in
t h e wi nt er . Th e r e is one l ow r i d g e , 8, 400 f e e t bet ween t h e Kalash
vi l l a ge o f Ut zun and t h e Kaf i r vi l l a ge o f Gour de s h, b u t even t ha t i s
i mpa s s a bl e f o r t wo or t h r e e mont hs e v e r y wi nt er . Some of t h e ra-
v i n e s u p whi c h r e gul a r r o a d s r un a r e of most pi c t ur e s que and
r omant i c d e s c r i p t i o n , o t h e r s a r e ba r e r o c k y gl e ns .
Th e r e woul d a p p e a r t o b e t h r e e main dr a i na ge s ys t e ms ; t h a t of t h e
Kao o r Al i ngar , t h e Pe c h, and t h e Bashgul . What I have called t h e
Pe c h is t h e r i v e r whi c h j oi ns t h e Kunar j u s t bel ow Chi gha Sarait but
b o t h Be l l e w and Lumsden r e f e r t o t h i s r i v e r a s t h e Kamah, a very
good name i nasmuch a s it f l o ws from t h e i mpor t ant Kamah Pass ( The
name Kamah, a s a p p l i e d e i t h e r t o t h e r i ve r or t h e pa s s , appear s to
be q u i t e unknown l ocal l y. ). Robe r t s on s p e a k s of it a s t h e presungul
a s w e l l a s t h e Kamah. A l l t h e s e r i v e r s f i nd t h e i r way i nt o t h e
r i ve r , e i t h e r d i r e c t l y t o t h e s o u t h a s i n t h e c a s e of t h e
o r a f t e r mi ngl i ng t h e i r wa t e r s wi t h t h o s e o f t h e Kunar a t ~ i r k o t and
a t Ch i g h a Sarai. Of t h e va l l e ys t o t h e e x t r e me west not hi ng is k n o wn
e x c e p t by he a r s a y, b u t it is be l i e ve d t h a t t h e ~ a mg u l and Kulam
t o r r e n t s j oi n t o g e t h e r t o form t h e Al i ngar whi ch r e a c h e s t h e ttabul
r i v e r t h r o u g h Laghman. The n e x t val l ey t o t h e e a s t , t h e K t i , joins
its wa t e r s wi t h t h o s e o f t h e Pech val l ey, and a f e r r ecei vi ng t he wai
( or Waigal) r i ve r , f l o ws i n t o t h e Kunar at Chi gha Sarai - The
r i v e r s pr obabl y a l s o j oi ns t h e K t i and Pech t o r r e n t s ,
before
e mpt y t h e ms e l v e s i nt o t h e Kunar.
(The Ashkun r i v e r d o e s n o t j oi n t h e K t i and Waigal, b u t r a t h e r r u n s
i nt o t h e Kulam wh i c h become t h e Al i ngar r i v e r and r u n s i n t o t h e
Kabul r i v e r - AY N) . Th e Ba s h g u l r i ve r , wi t h its va r i ous t r i b u t a r i e s ,
t h e l a r g e s t o f whi c h a r e t h e Sk o r i g u l , t h e Ni chi ngul , and t h e p i t t i -
gul s t r eams , j oi ns t h e Kunar j u s t a bove t h e Gabar vi l l a ge o f ~ i r k o t .
The r i v e r s , a s t h e y d e s c e n d t h e c o r k s c r e w va l l e ys and a r e f e d by
s ubs i di a r y s t r e a ms f r om t h e r a vi ne s , g l e n s , o r mount ai n recesses,
i nc r e a s e i n v e l o c i t y u n t i l t h e y become r a g i n g t o r r e n t s , d a s h i n g
a ga i ns t t h e h u g e b o u l d e r s whi c h o b s t r u c t t h e i r c o u r s e , and f l i n g i n g
hi gh t h e i r s p r a y wi t h d e a f e n i n g upr oar . In many p l a c e s wh e r e t h e
t o r t u r e d wat er f oams and l a s h e s i t s e l f a g a i n s t t h e r o c k s on its
margi ns, o r i n its b e d , t h e r i v e r a l mos t a s s u me s t h e n a t u r e o f a
cat ar act , and is i n d e s c r i b a b l y be a ut i f ul . Th e t r u n k s encumber t h e
wat erway, jam t h e ms e l v e s a g a i n s t t h e r o c k s , p i l e u p i n p i c t u r e s q u e
conf us i on, o r h u r r y r ound and r ound i n t h e swirl o f a back wat er . To
l ove r s of wi l d s c e n e r y many p a r t s o f Kaf i r i s t an c oul d not b e s u r p a s -
sed anywhere.
I t would n o t b e r i g h t t o a s s u me t h a t t h e a bove d e s c r i p t i o n , whi c h
c h i e f l y r e f e r s t o Ea s t e r n Kaf i r i s t an and t h e Pe c h val l ey, n e c e s s a r i -
l y a p p l i e s t o t h e we s t e r n d i s t r i c t s ; y e t it is mor e t h a n pr oba bl e
t h a t in t h e var yi ng s c e n e r y m e t wi t h i n t h e Bas hgul , t h e Kunar
valley, and i n t h e Pe c h, w e ha ve s p e c i me n s o f t h e ki nd o f c o u n t r y t o
be m e t wi t h i n Kaf i r i s t an beyond t h o s e l i m i t s .
Geology. The main r a n g e s a r e pr obabl y o f g r a n i t e , over l ai d by var-
i ous met amor phi c s t r a t a , s u c h a s g n e i s s , amygdal oi d t r a p and s l a t e
wi t h s c h i s t s and s h a l e s , whi l e s a n d s t o n e and l i me s t o n e pr obabl y
c o n s t i t u t e t h e l o we r r i d g e s . Gold is s a i d t o b e f o u n d i n t h e coun-
t r y, b u t a p p a r e n t l y i n no g r e a t qua nt i t y. Lead is c e r t a i n l y f ound.
Fauna and f l or a. Al most e v e r y ki nd o f mount ai n s c e n e r y is t o b e m e t
wi t h, from s i l e n t p e a k s and naked r i d g e s , s n o wf i e l d s and g l a c i e r s ,
t o t hi ckl y wooded sl opes, and wild vi ne and pomegranate t hi c ke t s . A t
t h e l ower e l e v a t i o n s t h e h i l l s i d e s a r e w e l l c o v e r e d wi t h wild
ol i ves and e v e r g r e e n oaks ; v e r y many k i n d s of f r u i t trees, wal nut s ,
mul ber r i es, a p r i c o t s , g r a p e s , and a p p l e s a r e m e t wi t h, wh i l e s p l e n -
di d h o r s e - c h e s t n u t s and o t h e r s h a d y trees a f f o r d p l e a s a n t r e s t i n g -
pl aces from t h e s u n i n t h e h o t mont hs. A t s ome wha t h i g h e r el eva-
t i ons, say f r om 5, 000 t o 8, 000 o r 9, 000 f e e t , d e n s e p i n e and c e d a r
f o r e s t s abound. The y a r e c ompos e d of ma gni f i c e nt trees, wh i c h , wi t h
a snow back gr ound, a f o r d mos t d e l i g h t f u l p r o s p e c t s . Hi g h e r still,
t h e pi ne s c e a s e ; t h e h i l l s become al mos t bar e, r oc ky, s ha l y, etc.;
whi l e t h e wi l l ow, b i r c h , and j uni pe r c e d a r a r e t h e c h i e f trees m e t
with. Hi gher st i l l - - say ove r 13, 000 f e e t - - t h e r e is no v e g e t a t i o n o f
any kind, e x c e p t r ough gr a s s e s and mosses. Numerous wild f l ower s a r e
met wi t h a t d i f f e r e n t a l t i t u d e s . The r i v e r s teem wi t h f i s h whi c h,
however , no Kaf i r can b e p e r s u a d e d t o eat . Immense number s o f "chi -
kor," t h e r e d - l e g g e d p a r t r i d g e , a s w e l l a s p i g e o n s and d o v e s a r e t o
be s een, and l a r g e number s o f "manal" phe a s a nt s . The c h i e f wi l d
animals a r e t h e "markhor, " t h e "urial, " l e o p a r d s and bear s .
Climate. The cl i mat e nat ur al l y v a r i e s wi t h t h e a l t i t u d e , b u t it is
ver y h o t in t h e s u mme r mont hs a t al l e l e va t i ons , and in h i g h val l eys
t h e wi nt er is c e r t a i n l y v e r y r i gor ous . During t h e wi nt e r o f 1890-91
a t Kamdesh (6, 100 f e e t ) t h e r e was an e x c e s s i v e amount o f s now, b u t
t he thermometer never showed a l ower t emper at ur e t han 17 d e g r e e s F.,
below t h e f r e e z i n g poi nt . In s ome o f t h e va l l e ys t h e a b s e n c e o f wind
is q u i t e r emar kabl e, and on t h i s a c c o u n t l ow t e mp e r a t u r e s can b e
borne wi t hout di s c omf or t . The r a i nf a l l is pr obabl y g r e a t e r t h a n i n
Chi t r al , b u t is i n s u f f i c i e n t f o r t h e r e q u i r e me n t s of t h e c r o p s , and
has t o b e s u p p l e me n t e d by i r r i ga t i on.
The f 0110 wing t a b l e o f met eor ol ogi cal o b s e r v a t i o n s is t a k e n f r om
Sur geon Major Rober t s on' s r e por t :
Dat e
198 1
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
1 ,
7 ,
9 ,
17 ,
Jan. 19,
Jan. 29,
Feb. 1,
Feb. 9,
Feb. 28,
Mar. 1,
Mar. 31,
Apr. 18,
Apr. 30,
May 15,
m y 31,
J une 15,
June 30,
J u l y 15,
Sept . 5,
Sept . 30
Oc t . 2
O c t . 9
Oc t . 21
Pl ace
Charadgul
11 11
Bi r kot
Kamdesh
II
11
Agat si
II
Kamdesh
II
n
Bi r kot
Kamdesh
I 1
Badawan
Bragamatal
Kamdesh
II
Diogrom
Satsumgrom
Shtevgrom
Kamdesh
Temperat ure (Deg . )
7 PA 3 PM 9 PM
... 48 3 1
... 34 4 3
. . . ... 43
32 38 28
17 27 24
18 32 21
35 35 34
17 3 4 2 5
34 36 31.5
35 47 3 6
5 0 6 9 45.5
5 4 8 1 61.5
54 6 9 54
6 1 76.5 ...
4 5 65 4 5
5 4 6 6 5 6
6 6 8 3 6 7
7 6 88 62
5 9 8 4 71
3 9 6 4 50-5
4 1 4 7 4 1
3 1 49 --
48 5 2 4 5
Remarks
The Charadgul
j o i n s t h e
Bashgul 4 mi -
les above t he
l a t t e r ' s mout h.
Camp l l , 300f eet
Af ter thunder
Communications. The main r oa ds o f communication, i f r oads t hey can
be cal l ed, a r e al most i nvar i abl y al ong t h e ri ver-banks, s o narrow
and s o s t e e p a r e t h e val l eys. Al t hough t h e y vary ver y great l y, t he
one from t he- o t h e r , t h e y have t h i s qual i t y i n common, t h a t t hey are
al most al waqs e xt r e me l y d i f f i c u l t . That pa r t of t h e Bashgul valley
above Chabu, a s w e l l a s near l y t h e whol e of t h e Pr esungul , is quite
e a s y when you onc e g e t i n t o t h o s e d i s t r i c t s ; but all ot he r known
Kaf i r i st an r o a d s a r e si mpl y abominable. Pe r ha ps t h e wor st of all are
t h o s e on t h e l e f t bank of t h e l owe r pa r t o f t h e Bashgul river and
t h o s e i n t h e Dungul valley. The r e it is r a r e t o f i nd even a couple
o f hundr e d ya r ds of moder at el y l e ve l gr ound and in marching it is
one i n c e s s a n t cl amber al ong r ough, s t ony t r a c ks , whi ch run over
s p u r s and bl uf f s , or by means of f r a i l wooden gal l er i es acr oss t he
f a c e s of low pr e c i pi c e s . Somet i mes it is most d i f f i c u l t t o g e t over
t h e smoot h r oc k s ur f a c e s ; i nde e d, i n some pos i t i ons , where t he
gr ound is of t h i s c ha r a c t e r , t h e i ne xpe r i e nc e d or badl y shod travel-
l e r may onl y be abl e t o pr oc e e d a t all by e dgi ng hi msel f along i n a
s i t t i n g pos t ur e . Dogs c a nnot g e t over t h e s e pl a c e s wi t hout assi st -
ance.
The b r i d g e s over t h e r i v e r s a r e somet i mes ext r emel y w e l l built, but
a r e h i g h above t h e wat er , and o f t e n not more t han 18 or 20 inches
wi de i n t h e mi ddl e, wi t h pa r a pe t s onl y a f e w i nc he s hi gh, so that
t h e whol e s t r u c t u r e l o o k s f a r more l i k e an i r r i gat i on t r ough than a
br i dge . I f t h i s is t h e c a s e wi t h t h e good br i dge s , it may easily be
concei ved how e xt r e me l y bad t h e i nf e r i or one s are. sometimes a
br oke n tree hangi ng a c r o s s a narrow st r eam is ut i l i zed a s a bridge*
and t h e t r a ve l l e r ha s t o r un al ong t h e t r ee- t r unk a t an angl e d@Pen-
d e n t on t h e h e i g h t a t whi ch t h e tree par t i al l y br oke away from t he
pa r e nt s t e m . Y e t t h e r e a r e pl eas ant and s a f e ways over t h e torrent
when compared with cert ai n r i cket y old br i dges which groan and
under you a t e ve r y f o o t s t e p . In many i ns t a nc e s t h e bridge. simply
cons i s t of a s i ngl e pol e or t wo pol e s pl aced s i d e by s i de ; it t h e n
r equi r es a good head t o c r o s s them. The r o p e or r a t h e r t wi g b r i d g e
common in Chi t r al and Kashmir is never m e t wi t h. In t h e Pr esun
count ry t h e b r i d g e s a r e remarkabl y good. They a r e made on t h e pr i n-
ci pl e of t h e dug- out boat from l a r g e t r e e - t r unks , and a r e bot h e a s y
and saf e. They a r e o f t e n el abor at el y or nament ed by t h e car ved h e a d s
of animals pl aced a t t h e end of l ong pol e s s t u c k a t i nt e r va l s al ong
t h e par apet on bot h s i de s . Anot her poi nt whi ch makes t r avel l i ng i n
~ a f i r i s t a n d i f f i c u l t is t h e f r e q u e n t n e c e s s i t y f o r wading. Some of
t he wading pl aces ar e of considerable e xt e nt and easy enough, e xc e pt
f or t h e s h a r p s t o n e s i n t h e r i ve r bed, whi ch a r e a p t , i f you a r e
wading wi t h naked f e e t , t o pain you i nt o a st umbl e and a duc ki ng;
but o t h e r s a r e act ual l y da nge r ous bot h from t h e f o r c e of t h e wat er
and from its d e p t h . A t all t h e wadi ng pl aces , par t i cul ar l y dur i ng
t h e snow-melting s eas on, t h e c u r r e n t is s t r ong, and g r e a t caut i on
has t o be obs er ved.
None of t h e mountain passes are easy. They must be t ackl ed according
t o t he i r a l t i t ude , t h e amount of snow upon t hem, t h e s e a s on of t h e
year t h e t i m e of day, etc.
No hor s e s can be us e d i n any known pa r t of Kaf i r i st an, e x c e p t i n t h e
upper Bashgul and t h e Pr es ungul val l eys.
Set t i ng a s i de t h e r out e up t h e Alingar, whi ch d o u b t l e s s e x i s t s , but
about whi ch w e know not hi ng, and t h e mountain t r a c k s known t o f ew
and seldom used, t he r e remain t h e following, of which something more
or less d e f i n i t e may be sai d:
1. From Ch i t r a l , vi z. :
( a ) Lutkho va l l e y t o Ahmad Diwana
( b) Lutkho va l l e y t o Pashui (?Ed.)
(c) Bomboret by t he Shawal pass t o Lutdeh
(a) " Par pi t and Manjam p a s s e s t o Lut deh
(el
It " Pa r pi t pas s t o P i t t i g u l
( f ) Utzun by t he Patkun pas s t o Gourdesh
2. From t he Kunar val l ey: - -
(a) The Bash gul--an "easy" road. ( Accor di ng t o recent
r e por t s t h e A m i r ' s new road up t h e Kunar ha s r e a c he d t h e mouth o f
t h e Bashgul, whence it ha s been cont i nued a s f a r a s Kamdesh l i mi t s . )
( b) The Dungul ( q .v . ) - - d i f f i c u l t .
(c) The Pech.
Between t h e s e main r oa ds a r e many o t h e r s , whi ch a r e f i t onl y f o r
herd smen and sportsmen. - .
3. From Badakhshan:
( a ) The Mandal
(b) The Kamah
(c) A road l eadi ng s t r a i g h t from Munjan over a
pas s i nt o t h e K t i val l ey.
( d) A road goi ng west from Munjan, and over a pas s
i nt o t h e Ramgul count r y.
(e) A road west from Munjan i n t o t he Kulam val l ey.
The l a s t t h r e e unnamed p a s s e s a r e all sai d t o be h i g h e r t ha n t h e
Kamah (15,500 f e e t ) and more di f f i c ul t . Ther e is sai d t o be a r oad,
bet ween t h e Khawak and Dorah, i n t h e "Khilti" count r y; and bet ween
i t and t h e Khawak, but near er t o t h e l a t t e r , is a not he r pa s s , l ocal -
l y known a s t h e Nimcha Dur.
4 - From t he Panj s hi r gl en:
( a) By t he Par i an and Chamar gl e ns
(b) From Cha ha r de h of Parian by t h e Wariaj and
Ari oh gl ens .
(c) By t he Rewat Dara
( d) By t h e Dar khi nj Dara.
Al so t h e r e must be t r a c k s l e a di ng from t h e Tagao valley.
Be s i de s t h e above r o u t e s i n t o Kaf i r i st an, t h e f ol l owi ng ar e t h e most
i mpor t ant r o a d s i n t h e c ount r y i t s e l f :
1. From t h e Bashgul (q.v.) :
( a ) The Skor i gul ( d) The Oul agul
( b) The Manjam
(e) The Ni chi ngul
(c) The Baprokgul ( f ) The Kamu.
2. From t h e Dungul val l ey t h e r e a r e d i f f i c u l t hi l l pat hs to
t h e w e s t whi ch l ead i n t o t h e Wai count r y.
3. From Pr esungul (Pech) :
( a ) Va l l e ys l eadi ng t o t h e Wai count r y
(b) A val l ey near Sht evgr om whi ch g i v e s a c c e s s t o t he
K t i val l ey and a l s o t o t h e Ramgul.
Of t h e r o u t e s wi t h
whi ch w e a r e b e s t acquai nt ed, pe r ha ps t h e most
i n t e r e s t i n g is t h a t form t h e Munjan val l ey over t h e Kamu pass, and
d o n g t h e c o u r s e o f t h e Pech r i ver . Thi s r o u t e is cer t ai nl y practi-
cabl e f o r mul es and yabus, and is much us e d by t r a d e r s from Badakh-
shan.
vi l l a ge s , etc. Kafi r vi l l a ge s a r e bui l t i n var i ous ways according
a s t h e y a r e l i abl e t o a t t a c k by a numer ous enemy or by s m a l l raiding
de t a c hme nt s . The f o r t vi l l age is pecul i ar t o t h e Kafirs. These
vi l l a ge s a r e bui l t in an obl ong f i gur e , t h e hous e s t wo or t hr ee
s t o r i e s h i g h , s ur r oundi ng a c e n t r e cour t yar d whi ch is partially
oc c upi e d by a danci ng pl a c e and r u d e al t ar , whi l e t h e danci ng house,
o r gromma, whi ch is us ed i n bad weat her , is c l os e by. There is
usual l y onl y one e nt r a nc e ga t e , whi ch is capabl e of being quickly
and e f f e c t i v e l y c l os e d. The vi l l a ge s ar e, a s a r ul e, bui l t on t he
bank of a r i ve r , and when be s i e ge d t h e i nhabi t ant s obtain t hei r
wat er from t h e r i ve r by means of a t unne l whi ch l e a d s t o t h e river
e d g e , and e n d s i n a c ove r e d way made of t i mber s. The houses which
form t h e f o u r s i d e s of t h e obl ong f i g u r e have low cel l ar s underneath
t hem, i n t o whi ch t h e c a t t l e a r e dr i ve n when an at t ack is i mmi nent -
The c o r n e r s of t h e vi l l a ge s are s t r e n g t h e n e d by t ower s , and in some
i n s t a n c e s one or t wo d e t a c h e d t hr e e - s t or i e d t owe r s a r e bui l t UP t he
hi l l s i d e a s an a ddi t i ona l s e c ur i t y. ALZ t h e vi l l ages appear t o be
great l y over cr o w d e d .
The si mpl est form of house cons i s t s of one apartment, measuring some
18' x 18' , and is usual l y w e l l bui l t of t i mber and rubbl e stones
embedded in mud mortar. They have f l at r oof s, made of boards covered
wi t h beat en down e a r t h , and not e ve n moder at el y wat er t i ght * The
b e t t e r c l a s s of hous e c o n s i s t s of t h r e e s t o r e y s , t h e t o p f l oor being
t h e l i vi ng pl ace, t h e mi ddl e s t o r e y bei ng t h e s t o r e room, wh i l e t he
bot t om f l oor s e r v e s a s a cow s t a bl e or wood s t or e. Many of these
h o u s e s a r e much embel l i s hed by car vi ng and el abor at e decorat i ons in
wood.
The h o u s e s Of t h e Pr e s ungul i s d i f f e r i n many r e s p e c t s from those
d e s c r i b e d above, t h e most obvi ous and s t r i k i n g pecul i ar i t y arising
from t h e f a c t t h a t t h e i r accommodat i on is principally underground.
The " Ni r ma l i " hous e or l yi ng-i n h o s p i t a l and women's per i odi c re'
t r e a t , is a b u i l d i n g p e c u l i a r t o a l l Kaf i r v i l l a g e s . I t i s always
pl aced on t h e o u t s k i r t s of a vi l l age, and somet i mes is outside
a l t o g e t h e r . I t has no wi ndows, and is a squal i d l ooki ng place,
bl ackened by smoke and d i s f i g u r e d by havi ng t wo or t h r e e abominable
s he e ps ki ns f ast ened t o a pole and stuck on t h e roof.
Another c l a s s of bui l di ngs is t h e "pshal . " The word ps ha l means a
st abl e, but it is us ed t o d e s i g n a t e a dai r y farm and gr azi ng gr ound,
a s w e l l a s t h e bui l di ngs in whi ch t h e her dsman c o n f i n e s h i s f l oc k
and watches them by night.
AS r e ga r ds hous ehol d a ppl i a nc e s it may be ment i oned t h a t l a r g e
wooden t ubs a r e t o be seen i n most wel l -t o-do-houses; t h e be ds t e a d
is similar t o t h e "char poy" of Indi a; t h e t a bl e s a r e small and a s a
r ul e not more t ha n a f o o t hi gh; whi l e t h e s t o o l s f o r whi ch t h e
count r y is famous, a r e usual l y about 9 i n c h e s from t h e gr ound, wi t h
a squar e t op. The l a r g e obl ong box cal l ed t h e "sheni , " b e s i d e s
being used a s a c o f f i n , is a l s o empl oyed a s a r e c e p t a c l e f o r t h e
st or age of gr ai n and o t h e r pr ope r t y. Clumsy l ong handl ed c u p s a r e
used f or skimming pot s ; wine is handed round i n shal l ow bowl s made
of t i n or walnut wood; f l our and gr ai n a r e car r i ed about i n shal l ow
wicker ba s ke t s . Cooki ng v e s s e l s a r e e i t h e r made of cl ay or of a
peculiar s o f t s t o n e obt ai ned i n var i ous p a r t s of t h e count r y.
Origin and hi s t or y of t h e ~ a f i r s . The n e x t poi nt f o r c ons i de r a t i on
r egar di ng t h i s s t r a n g e and i nt e r e s t i ng pe opl e is t h e i r or i gi n and
hi st or y.
Some a ut hor i t i e s t r a c e back t h e Kaf i r s t o t h e ~ r a b t r i b e of Koresh
ot he r s f i nd a connect i on bet ween some of t h e i r c us t oms and t h e
Gabars of Per si a; and some d o not h e s i t a t e t o s u p p o s e t h a t t h e y a r e
t h e de s c e nda nt s of t h e Gr eek s o l d i e r s of Al exander. Lumsden is of
opinion t h a t t h e y a r e n e i t h e r more nor less t ha n t h e a bor i gi ne s of
t h e plain count r y dr i ven i nt o t h e mount ai ns t h e y now oc c upy by
fanat i cal p r o f e s s o r s of Islam. A s w i l l be not i ced h e r e a f t e r , t h e i r
l anguage bear s no a f i ni t y t o Arabic, or Per si an o r Tur ki s h, b u t t o
Sankr i t .
Biddulph s uppor t s Lumsden' s view. H e says:
"The Si ahposh t r a di t i ons , how ever , poi nt t o t h e i r havi ng been dr i ve n
i nt o t he i r p r e s e n t narrow l i m i t s from a much wi der e x t e n t of c ount r y
than t he y now occupy, and t h e y say t h a t t h e a r t of wr i t i ng was once
known among them. Ther e seems t o be no doubt t h a t t h e Kalash t r i b e
of t h e Si ahposh onc e occupi ed t h e s out h pa r t of t h e Kashkar val l ey
about Asmar, and t h e uppe r pa r t a s f a r a s t h e j unct i on of t h e Mulk ho
valley.' '
Bellew s t u d i e s t h e s ubj e c t wi t h h i s usual c r i t i c a l car e, and h e t oo
came t o t h e concl usi on t h a t t h e Kaf i r s a r e but a remnant of a pe opl e
who once occupi ed a f a r gr e a t e r ar ea t han t h a t whi ch t h e y now hol d.
In f act , bot h h e and Bi ddul ph i ncl i ne t o t h e view t h a t t h e Kaf i r s
are, a f t e r al l , but an unconver t ed br anch of what may be br oadl y
called t h e Dard race. H e i d e n t i f i e s t hem more par t i cul ar l y wi t h t h e
Gandhari, t h a t is t o say, t h e f or mer i nhabi t ant s of what is now
known a s t he Mohmand country.
Lastly, w e have t h e r e s u l t of Rober t s on' s e nqui r i e s on t h i s s ubj e c t :
He says:
"It seems pr obabl e t h a t event ual l y t h e view w i l l be a c c e pt e d t h a t ,
t o speak br oadl y, t h e p r e s e n t domi nant r a c e s of Kaf i r i st an, t h e
Katirst t h e Kam, and t h e Wai, a r e mainly de s c e nde d from t h e ol d
Indian popul at i on of East er n Af g hani st an who r e f us ed t o embr ace
Islam i n t h e t e n t h cent ur y, and f l e d f o r r e f u g e from t h e vi ct or i ous
Moslems t o t h e hi l l y c ount r i e s of Kaf i r i st an. The r e t h e y pr obabl e
found ot her races already s et t l ed, w hom t hey vanquished, dr ove away,
Of ensbved, or with whom t hey amalgamated.
"It i s Possi bl e t h a t pa r t of t h e p r e s e n t s l ave popul at i on, a l s o t h e
Jazhi s and t h e Aroms, a r e r emnant s of t h e s e anci ent pe opl e s , whi l e
t he Pr esuns a r e probabl y al s o a more or less abor i gi nal r ace, who
ei t her s uc c e s s f ul l y r e s i s t e d t h e new comer s, or were dr i ven from
!Ore f e r t i l e r e gi ons and mi l der a l t i t u d e s t o t h e i r p r e s e n t valley.
As t h e r e a r e no r ock i ns c r i pt i ons , no a nc i e nt books, nor any lite-
r a t u r e o f any ki nd t o b e f ound i n Kaf i r i s t an, and a s t h e t radi t i on
o f t h e p e o p l e t h e ms e l v e s g i v e s u c h smal l h e l p i n f or mi ng any opinion
r e g a r d i n g t h e i r or i gi n, t h e onl y h o p e whi ch r emai ns t h a t t he ~ ~ f i ~ ~
may b e e ve nt ua l l y a s s i g n e d t h e i r p r o p e r pl a c e i n t h e gener al history
o f t h e wor l d is f r om a c ompa r a t i ve s t u d y o f t h e i r l anguage, their
manner s and c us t oms , and t h e i r r e l i g i o u s cer emoni es , a s well as from
t h e i r c r a ni a l meas ur ement s , and o t h e r a nt hr opome t r i c observat i ons,
hat t h e y are made u p of d i f f e r e n t r a c e s a p p e a r s cer t ai n; t ha t they
ha ve no a dmi xt ur e o f Tar t ar bl ood s e m s obvi ous; t h a t t h e y came f r om
t h e w e s t , a t l e a s t t h e g r e a t maj or i t y o f t hem, is t h e i r own f i xed
i de a , and is mor e t h a n pr obabl e. "
Th e f i r s t n o t i c e o f t h e Kaf i r s is i n 1339, when Timur Lang being in
Andarab, t h e i n h a b i t a n t s compl ai ned t o him t h a t t h e y were grievously
oppr e s s e d by t h e Si ahposh.
I t was a s s e r t e d by t h e compl ai nant s t h a t t h e Sai hpos h ext or t ed
e x c e s s i v e s ums of money f r om t hem, cal l i ng it a t r i b u t e and kharaj,
and i n d e f a u l t of payment ki l l e d t h e i r men and car i ed of f t hei r
women and c hi l dr e n. ~ i m u r Lang s e l e c t i n g near l y a t h i r d par t of his
army ( or t h r e e o u t of e v e r y t e n s o l d i e r s ) , mar ched agai nst t he
~ i a h p o s h . H e r e a c h e d ~ e j a n ( Par i an) , s a i d t o be a t own of Badakh-
shan, t wo days from Andarab, whence he det ached a l ar ge force t o the
l e f t , or nor t h, whi l e h e pr oceeded himself t o Khawak, where, finding
a de mol i s he d f o r t r e s s , h e o r d e r e d it t o b e r ebui l t . From Khawak,
Taimur made t h e a s c e n t o f t h e mount ai ns o f Katur; and t h i s notice
woul d seem t o i mpl y t h a t t h e c o u n t r y t o t h e e a s t o f Panj shi r was at
t h a t t i m e c a l l e d Kat ur o r Katawar. The p a s s a g e was di f f i c ul t , from
s now, b u t when t h e army had s ur mount e d it, t h e y de s c e nde d upon a
r i ve r , t h a t o f Najil, wh e r e t h e r e was a f o r t r e s s on t h e western
bank. Thi s was abandoned by t h e Si ahposh, who cr ossed t h e river and
oc c upi e d t h e summi t o f a h i g h hi l l .
Th e i n f i d e l s a r e d e s c r i b e d a s " s t r ong men, and a s l a r ge as t he
g i a n t s of Aad. They g o al l naked; t h e i r k i n g s a r e named Oda and
Oda s hus h. The y ha ve a pa r t i c ul a r l a ngua ge , whi ch is nei t her Per-
s i an, nor Tur ki s h, nor I ndi an and know no o t h e r t ha n t hi s. " Timur
pas s ed t h e r i ver and at t acked t h e Si ahposh position, which, defended
wi t h s i ngul a r obs t i na c y, was a t l e n g t h c a r r i e d. The males of t he
i n f i d e l s , whos e s o u l s a r e s a i d t o have been more bl ack t han t hei r
gar ment s , were p u t t o t h e s wor d; t h e i r women and chi l dr en were
c a r r i e d away.
Timur o r d e r e d t h e h i s t o r y of t h i s a c t i on t o be engr aved upon marble*
I t ha ppe ne d i n t h e mont h o f Ramazan, i n t h e year of t h e Hijra 800
( J une 1398) , and h e a d d e d t h e pa r t i c ul a r e p o c h s whi ch t h i s people
u s e d , t h a t t h e i r p o s t e r i t y mi g h t have some knowl e dge of t h e famous
pi l l ar of t h e e ve r - vi c t or i ous Timur. Th i s pi l l ar s o i nscr i bed gave
t h e g r e a t e r p l e a s u r e t o t h e Emper or , i n t h a t t h e s e pe opl e had never
be e n c o n q u e r e d by a ny p r i n c e i n t h e worl d - not even by I+lexander
t h e Gr eat .
The l a r g e d e t a c h me n t s e n t by Timur t o t h e l e f t m e t with si gnal
d i s g r a c e and di s c omf i t ur e . 1t is p r e t e n d e d t h a t a rei nforcement
pa r t l y r e t r i e v e d it, but it is c l e a r t h a t t h e s u c c e s s o f t h e Emperor
hi ms el f was r a t h e r equi vocal , and wh i t h o u t a t t e mpt i ng t o maintain a
pos i t i on i n t h e c ount r y of t h e war l i ke i n f i d e l s h e has t i l y ret urned
t o Andarab and r e j oi ne d t h e rest o f h i s army.
From t h i s t i m e it a p p e a r s t o ha ve be e n t h e pr a c t i c e of t h e Muham-
madan p r i n c e s o f Tur ki s t a n occas i onal l y t o make i nr oa ds upon t he
Si a h p o s h , n o t s o much wi t h t h e vi ew o f r e duc i ng t hem, a s of gaining
f o r t h e ms e l v e s a r e uput a t i on, and of mer i t i ng t h e i l ust r i ous
o f Ghazi , or Champi on of t h e Fai t h. ist tory n o t e s many such
s a d e s a s t h a t o f Sul t an Muhammad ~ i r z a of Bokhar a i n 1 4 5 3
who
won t h e honour abl e title, wha t e ve r may have been t h e f or t une Of hi s
arms. I t has, however , occur r ed t h a t combi nat i ons of Muhammadans
princes have been made agai nst t h e i ndependence of t h e Siahposh, and
t ha t armies from d i f f e r e n t q u a r t e r s have e nt e r e d t h e i r count r y. But
t he s e have been i nvar i abl y r e pul s e d, unabl e t o over come its nat ur al
obst acl es, and t h e gal l ant r y of t h e mount ai neer s who d e f e n d e d it.
The celebrated Babar in hi s Memoirs r e pe a t e dl y ment i ons t h e ~ i a h p o ~ h
under t h e de s i gna t i on of Kafi rs; ye t , a s h i s n o t i c e s a r e i nci dent al ,
t hey i mpar t no l i g h t upon t h e i r hi s t or y, r el i gi on, or o t h e r impor-
t ant poi nt s c onne c t e d wi t h t hem; still, t h e y a r e e xt r e me l y i nt e r e s -
t i ng, bot h a s c onc e r ns t hem on minor d e t a i l s and t h e nei ghbour i ng
cont r i es and pe opl e t o t h e s out h, t h e a c t i vi t y of t h e obs e r va nt
pr i nce having l e d him t o make f r e q u e n t e xc ur s i ons amongs t t h e l at -
t er . The l a p s e of a c e nt ur y and a qua r t e r had b r o u g h t about no
change in t h e nat ur e of t h e r e l a t i ons bet ween t h e Si ahpos h and t h e
peopl e of Panj shi r and Andarab, whos e a nc e s t or s had claimed ~ m i r
Timur's pr ot ect i on. Babar, de s c r i bi ng Panj shi r , notes:--
"It lies upon t h e r oad, and is i n t h e i mmedi at e vi ci ni t y of Kafiri-
stan. The i nr oa ds of t h e r obbe r s of Kaf i r i st an a r e made t h r o u g h
Panj s hi r . In c o n s e q u e n c e o f t h e i r v i c i n i t y t o t h e ~ a f i r s - t h e
i nhabi t ant s of t h i s d i s t r i c t a r e happy t o pay t hem a f i x e d cont r i bu-
tion. Si nce I l a s t i nvaded Hi ndust an, and s ubdued it (i n 1527) , t h e
Kafirs have d e s c e n d e d i nt o Panj shi r , and r e t ur ne d a f t e r sl ayi ng a
great number of peopl e and committing ext ensi ve damages."
Babar had pr evi ous l y not ed t h a t i n 1514 A.D., t h e year i n whi ch h e
took Chi gha ~ a r a i , " t h e ~ a f i r s of Pech came t o t h e i r as s i s t ance; "
and a dds , "So pr eval ent is t h e us e of wine among t hem t h a t e ve r y
Kafir ha s a khi g or l e a t he r n bot t l e of wine, about h i s neck. They
drink wine i ns t e a d of water." A t an e a r l i e r per i od, i n 1507 A.D.,
he had l ed a pl under i ng e x p e d i t i o n a ga i ns t t h e i r rice f i e l d s i n t h e
valley of "Birain," whi ch h e t h u s de s c r i be s :
"Some persons who were t horoughl y acquainted with every part of t h e
count ry i nf or med us t h a t up t h e r i ve r of Al i shang t h e Kaf i r s sow
gr eat qua nt i t i e s of r i c e , and t h a t pr obabl y t h e t r o o p s mi ght t h e r e
be able t o l ay i n t h e i r wi nt er ' s corn. Leaving t h e da l e of Ningra-
har, t he r e f or e , and pus hi ng s pe e di l y f or wa r ds , w e pa s s e d Sai gal and
advanced up t h e val l ey of Birain. The t r o o p s s e i z e d a g r e a t quant i -
t y of ri ce. The r i c e - f i e l ds wer e a t t h e bot t om of t h e hi l l s. The
i nhabi t ant s in ge ne r a l f l e d and e s c a pe d, but a f ew Kaf i r s wer e
killed.
They had pos t e d some men in a br east - wor k, on a commanding
eminence in t h e val l ey of Birain. When t h e Kaf i r s f l e d , t h i s pa r t y
descended r api dl y from t h e hi l l , and began t o annoy us wi t h ar r ows.
We st ayed one n i g h t i n t h e Kaf i r s' r i ce- f i el d, wher e w e t ook a g r e a t
quant i t y of gr ai n and t h e n r e t ur ne d t o camp."
Here is t h e nar r at i on of a cool e xpl oi t ; y e t Babar nowher e s p e a k s o f
t h e Kafirs whi t h par t i cul ar i l l - f eel i ng, or di s c ove r s t h e s l i g h t e s t
ambition t o win, a t t h e i r e xpe ns e , t h e title of Ghazni , of whi ch
Amir Timur had been s o pr oud. Thei r j ovi al habi t s , s o much i n
keepi ng wi t h h i s own, may have somewhat p r e p o s s e s s e d him i n t h e i r
favour. In 1520 A.D., h e ment i ons havi ng s e n t from Badrane (in t h e
Pr es ent Tagao) one Haldar Alamdar t o t h e Kafi rs. Thi s man on h i s
return m e t him below t h e pass of Badi ( t he pr esent Badpakht) and was
"accompanied by some of t h e i r c h i e f s , who b r o u g h t wi t h t h e n a f ew
Ski ns of wine." The p r e s e n t probabl y e xpl a i ns t h e nat ur e of t h e
mission.
I t is si ngul ar t h a t Marco Polo, who, i f t h e s t at ement t r ans mi t t ed t o
US in t h e t we nt y- f i f t h c h a p t e r of h i s f i r s t book, a s gi ven by Mars-
dent be i mp l i c i t l y c r e d i t e d , r e s i d e d f o r a ye a r i n Bal as han o r
Badakhshan, s houl d not have par t i cul ar l y not i ced s o i nt e r e s t i ng a
People a s t h e Kafi rs.
In 1603 ADD., Benedi ct Goez, a J e s ui t , c r os s e d t h e Hindu Kush by t h e
~ a j g a h p a s s t o Andarab. H e he a r d o f t h e Si a hpos h t r i be s , and being
t o l d t h a t t h e y we r e n o t Muhammadans, and t h a t t h e y dr ank wi ne and
a r r a ye d t hem s e l v e s i n bl a c k, i n f e r r e d t h a t t h e y were Christians,
Th e f a n c i f u l not i ons o f t h e z e a l ous mi s s i onar y a r e not more ludi-
c r o u s t h a n t h o s e of later Eur opeans ,
who ha ve i magi ned t h e m to be
Arabs.
In t h e r e i g n of t h e Emper or J ahanagi r , w e f i n d t h e Af ghans t a k i n g
t h e i r wi ves and c h i l d r e n p r i s o n e r s , and a t t h e same t i m e remark t hat
t h e i nf i d e l s of Dara Lamg han, Dara-i-Pech, Dara Kunar, belonging to
~ a b u l and ~ a l a l a b a d , t o g e t h e r wi t h Tal ash, Panj kor a, Chamla, Buner,
Damtawar, ~ a k l i , and o t h e r pl a c e s , d e p e n d e n c i e s of Peshwar and
Langar kot , we r e i n t h i s manner made c o n v e r t s o f Islam.
(The fore-
goi ng s k e t c h of ~ a f i r h i s t o r y h a s be e n t a k e n from Barrow' s "Gazet-
teer of t h e Ea s t e r n Hi ndu Kush.")
p h y s i q u e and a ppe a r a nc e . The p h y s i q u e o f t h e Kaf i r s is magnificent
o f its ki nd.
hey are l i g h t b u i l t men, who al mos t al ways seem t o be
i n har d t r a i ni ng. Fat men are unknown a l t o g e t h e r . Very f ew of t he
o l d e r men i n Ka f i r i s t a n a r e e ve n wha t mi g h t be cal l ed s t out . Their
a v e r a g e h e i g h t is b e t we e n f i v e f e e t , f i v e and a hal f , and f i ve f eet
s i x - A s a r ul e , t h e men of medium h e i g h t a r e n o t onl y t h e most
a c t i ve , t h e f a s t e s t r unne r s , t h e mos t e n d u r i n g t r a ve l l e r s , but gene-
r al l y t h e mos t phys i c a l l y p o we r f u l al s o. The women, wi t h some few
e x c e p t i o n s , a r e of l ow s t a t u r e . Ver y many a r e weakl y l ooki ng, yet
t h e i r p o we r s of e ndur a nc e a r e s i mpl y mar vel l ous. They of t e n make
e x t ememl y l ong mar ches , c a r r yi ng l oa ds .
Spe a ki ng ge ne r a l l y, t h e Kaf i r s a r e by no means f ai r , al t hough they
a r e e qua l l y r emoved f r om t h e bl ack r a c e s . The y a r e da r ke r t han many
Ba d a k s h i s and Chi t r a l i s . The i r c ol our is t h a t of t h e aver age inhab-
i t a n t of t h e Punjab. The l owe r c l a s s e s and s l a ve s a r e of much
d a r k e r i n t i n t t h a n t h e i r betters; t h e i r f e a t u r e s a l s o a r e coarser.
Red- hai r ed p e o p l e o r t h o s e o f a mor e or less al bi no t i nt , ar e l ess
t h a n o n e p e r c e n t o f t h e t o t a l popul a t i on The us ual t y p e of feat ure
is d i s t i n c t l y good- - pur el y Aryan. The n o s e i n par t i cul ar is ex-
tremely we l l shaped. The degr aded ki nds are e i t he r t h e bird of-prey
t y p e , or , a s i n many o f t h e s l a ve s , a f l a t t i s h nos e and coarse
f e a t u r e s . In some o f t h e s e l owe r f or ms , t h e hai r of t h e scalp
r e a c h e s near l y down t o t h e e ye br ows , and g i v e s its pos s e s s or a most
f or bi ddi ng appearance. Amongst t h e more i mpor t a nt fami l i es, some of
t h e men have s i ngul a r l y wel l - f or med h e a d s , and l ook a s i f , under
favourable condi t i ons, t h e y mi g h t become s t a t e s me n, phi l os opher s f or
s c i e n t i f i c men. Th e c h i e f dr awback t o t h e more i nt e l l i ge nt f aces is
t h e f u r t i v e , s t e a l t h y l ook t h e y s omet i mes have whi ch is suggest i ve
o f s h i f t n e s s a n d i n s i n c e r i t y ; b u t t h e maj or i t y a r e suf f i ci ent l y
f r a nk and bol d l ooki ng i n t h e i r own c ount r y. The women ar e f or t he
mos t p a r t s i ngul a r l y unl ovel y. L i t t l e g i r l s a r e o f t e n qui t e Pret t y#
b u t t h e har d f i e l d- wor k and t h e e x p o s u r e t o al l we a t he r t h e women
unde r go, ma ke s t h e i r c ompl e xi ons r o u g h and da r k. They ar e often
a l s o a ppa l l i ngl y d i r t y .
Th e a p p e a r a n c e of b o t h men and women is f r e q u e n t l y s p o i l t by small-
pox and its r e s u l t s , and by a terrible ul cer at i on, whi ch e a t s away
t h e b r i d g e o f t h e nos e , t h e c h e e k s , o r t h e l owe r eyel i ds ; also in
t h e Ba s hgul val l ey, by g o i t r e , whi c h seems o t be al most exclusively
conf i ned to women.
Kaf i r s ha ve little or no medi cal knowl e dge . Fi r i ng is t he i r
f o r pa i ns of e v e r y ki nd, whi l e wounds and s o r e s a r e t r e a t e d by being
pa c ke d u p t i g h t l y i n d i r t y f r a gme nt s of hal f c ur e d goat - ski ns*
Kaf i r c ha r a c t e r . The mos t s t r i k i n g ment al ~ e c u l i a r i t i e s of Kafirs
a r e t h e i r e x t r e me c u p i d i t y , t h e i r e xt r a or di na r y j eal ousy One
a n o t h e r , and t h e i n t e n s i t y o f t h e i r i nt e r - t r i ba l hat r ed*
c u p i d i t y is, i n d e e d , a mar vel l ous s i g h t t o wi t nes s . A K~~~~
come i nt o your hous e, or t e n t , sit down on a chai r , or s t ool , and
talk qui et l y unt i l h e be gi ns t o c a s t h i s e y e s r ound t h e pl ace. You
may t he n not i ce in many c a s e s t h e man' s e y e s hal f c l os e , h i s f a c e
f l us h, and h i s whol e demeanour become an e xt r a or di na r y exampl e o f
ext r eme c ove t ous ne s s . Thei r i nt er - t r i bal ha t r e d is s o i n t e n s e t h a t
a t r i be is al ways r e a dy t o be g t h e h e l p of its most i nve t e r a t e
hamma mad an enemy and i nt r oduc e him i nt o its t e r r i t o r y in o r d e r t o
aid in t h e c ha s t i s e me nt of some o t h e r Kafir t r i be.
There is not hi ng l i k e r e l i gi ous i nt ol er ance among t h e Kafi rs. A t
t he f oot of t h e Kamdesh hi l l t h e r e a r e t wo haml et s, one t o t h e nor t h
called Agat si , t h e o t h e r t o t h e w e s t cal l ed Agaru. The s e t i ny
s et t l ement s a r e peopl ed by Kaf i r s hwo have c ha nge d t h e i r r el i gi on t o
~uhammadanism. Their family connections amongst t h e kaf i r s would be
j ust a s r eady t o a ve nge t h e ki l l i ng of one of t h e s e r e n e g a d e s a s
t he y would be t o a ve nge t h e bl ood of a co- r el i gi oni s t of t h e i r own
family. I t is bl ood a nd r a c e t h a t t h e ~ a f i r c l i n g s t o; a b o u t
rel i gi on he is compar at i vel y i n d i f f e r e n t .
The Kafi rs a r e by no means si mpl e i n c ha r a c t e r ; t h e y can i nt r i gue ,
concoct s e c r e t pl ot s , and t h e n c a r r y t hem out wi t h t h e s e c r e c y and
subt l et y of t h e a ve r a ge Ori ent al .
They a r e boa s t f ul , and t h e i r want of ve r a c i t y is most mar ked, f o r
t hey, l i k e s o many o t h e r wild peopl e, e vi de nt l y hol d t h e be l i e f t h a t
t el l i ng t h e t r u t h , merel y becaus e it is t h e t r u t h , must ne c e s s a r i l y
be harmful t o t hem. I t is a s nat ur al f o r a ~ a f i r t o t h i e v e a s it is
f or him t o eat ; whi l e t h e mere ki l l i ng of an i ndi vi dual is l ooke d
upon a s a small a f f a i r , pr ovi ded t h a t h e d o e s no bel ong t o t h e t r i b e
or t o anot her t r i b e wi t h whi ch it i s a t peace. Adul t er y and f or ni -
cation a r e l ooke d upon a s nat ur al a c t s , and any one c a u g h t i n adul -
t er y and compel l ed t o pay t h e cust omar y penal t y is merel y c ons i de r e d
unlucky and a s ubj e c t f o r l a ught e r .
On t h e o t h e r hand, t h e Kafir is ki nd t o all c hi l dr e n, ext r emel y
sociable, wonder f ul l y brave, ha s a g r e a t s e n s e of per s onal di gni t y,
and i n s p i t e of h i s avar i ce, is most hos pi t abl e.
In t h e Kafi r' s opi ni on, a "good" man must p o s s e s s t h e f ol l owi ng
at t r i but es: h e must be a s u c c e s s f u l homi ci de, a good hi l l man, e ve r
ready t o qua r r e l and of an amourous di s pos i t i on. If h e is a l s o a
good dancer , a good s h o t wi t h bow and a r r ows or mat chl ock, s o much
t h e bet t er . The s e qua l i t i e s c o n s t i t u t e a f i n e man, b u t t o be r eal l y
i nf l uent i al in t h e t r i be , an i ndi vi dual must a l s o be r i ch.
Language. " As r e g a r d s t h e l anguage or di a l e c t s p o k e n by t h e Siah-
Posh, t h e r e can be no doubt , " s a ys Masson, "but t h a t t h e y have one
which, a s Shar i f udi n ha s r e c or de d, is ne i t he r e xa c t l y Per si an, nor
Turki, nor Hindi. I t is r emar kabl e t h a t on t h e s out hwe s t e r n and
sout her n bor de r s of t h e Si ahpos h count r y, or in t h o s e poi nt s whe r e
it connect s wi t h t h e act ual l i mi t s of t h e Kabul and Jalalabad t e r r i -
t or i es, t h e r e ar f our d i s t i n c t di a l e c t s s poke n i nde pe nde nt y of t h e
more prevai l i ng one s of Per si an, Af ghani , Tur ki , and Hindi. The
di al ect s in que s t i on a r e cal l ed Par ancheh ( Par achi ?) , Pashai , Lagh-
manit and Kohistani. I t is s ai d, and wi t h e ve r y appear ance of
Probability, t h a t t h e s e s e ve r a l pe opl e a r e abl e t o hol d c onve r s e
with Siahposh.
"On a compari son of t h e i r di a l e c t s , a l t hough t h e y by no means coi n-
ci de t h e r e is s u f f i c i e n t si mi l ari l y t o a ut hor i z e t h e assumpt i on of
t hei r a f f i ni t y and t h e c onj e c t ur e t h a t t h e y a r e t h e remai ns of some
Old l anguage, once ge ne r a l in t h i s count r y, be or e t h e i nt r oduc t i on
Of Persian, Arabic, and Tur ki , and t h a t t h e y have a c l o s e resem-
blance t o t h a t s poke n by t h e Siah posh. "
Trumpp c ons i de r s t h e Kafir l anguage "a pur e Pr a kr i t di al ect ,
form its s i s t e r di a l e c t s s i nc e t h e e r upt i on of Muhammadan
Power in t h e 10t h c e nt ur y of our era, " and , a s s uc h, h e c o n s i d e r s
it of t h e g r e a t e s t i mpor t a nc e t o I ndi an phi l ol ogy.
Lumsden a l s o t h i n k s t h a t t h e Kaf i r l a ngua ge is e vi de nt l y of Sanskrit
r oot , and El p h i n s t o n e s ays :
here are s e v e r a l l a n g u a g e s among t h e Kaf i r s , but t h e y have all
many wo r d s i n common, and a l l ha ve a near c onne c t i on wi t h t h e Sans-
kr i t . The y ha ve al l one pe c ul i a r i t y, whi c h is, t h a t t h e y count by
s c o r e s , i n s t e a d of h u n d r e d s , t h a t t h e i r t hous a nd ( whi c h t he y
by
a ~ e r s i a n and Pu s h t u name) c o n s i s t s o f 400, o r 200 score. lt
Rober t son a l l u d e s t o t h i s s u b j e c t a s f ol l ows :
"1n ~ a f i r i s t a n p r o p e r t h e r e are c e r t a i nl y t h r e e e nt i r e l y di st i nct
l a n g u a g e s b e s i d e s many d i a l e c t s . Th e l a ngua ge s p o k e n by t h e great-
est number is t h a t u s e d by t h e Si a h p o s h pe opl e , s o cal l ed because
t h e y a f f e c t da r k- c ol our e d, near l y bl ack, c l ot hi ng. A l l t h e Siah-
p o s h , howe ve r , are n o t o f t h e same t r i be ; but a l t hough t he r e are
d i a l e c t i c d i f f e r e n c e s i n t h e l a n g u a g e s us e d a mongs t t hem, ye t they
all u n d e r s t a n d o n e a n o t h e r r e a di l y, and t h e i r Language may conse-
q u e n t l y be c a l l e d Si a h p o s h t ongue , a d e f i n i t i o n whi ch, i f not abso-
l u t e l y c o r r e c t , is a t l e a s t c onve ni e nt . The o t h e r c h i e f languages
i n Ka f i r i s t a n a r e t h o s e s p o k e n by t h e Wai and by t h e Pr esun people,
which d i f f e r bot h from one anot her , and from t h e language spoken by
t h e ~ i a h p o s h . On t h i s p o i n t many Ba s hgul Kaf i r s have assur ed me
t h a t many of t he i r number who g o t o t h e Was valley young enough, can
e a s i l y l e a r n t h e s p e e c h o f t h a t pe opl e , whi l e no one under any
c i r c u s t a n c e s , and no ma t t e r how young, can e v e r l ear n t h e Presun
l anguage. "
Tr i bal di vi s i ons . Kaf i r i s t an a t t h e p r e s e n t da y is di vi ded among
c e r t a i n tribes who d i f f e r f r om o n e a n o t h e r i n l anguage, dr ess,
manners and customs. I ndeed, t h e only connexi on which t hey have one
wi t h a n o t h e r is i n t h e f a c t t h a t t h e g r e a t e r number a r e non-Muham-
madan. Even t h i s pe c ul i a r i t y is gr a dua l l y di s a ppe a r i ng under t he
s p r e a d o f Islam.
Th e ol d di vi s i on o f Ka f i r i s t a n i n t o t h e d i s t r i c t s hel d by t h e Siah-
p o s h , and t h a t i nha bi t e d by t h e Sa f e d p o s h , was more conveni ent than
s c i e n t i f i c a l l y c o r r e c t . The Si ah p o s h , or bl ack- r obed Kafirs, are
made up o f s e v e r a l d i f f e r e n t t r i b e s some of whi ch have been a t War
wi t h one a n o t h e r from t i m e immemorial, but t h e y a ppe a r in s pi t e of
t h i s f a c t t o have a good d e a l mor e i n common t ha n merly a resem-
bl a nc e i n d r e s s . A s a bove ment i oned - t h e y d o not all speak t he
same l a ngua ge , b u t t h e d i f f e r e n c e seems t o be more a di f f e r e nc e of
d i a l e c t t h a n a r a di c a l d i s t i n c t i o n of Language. However, if t hi s i s
t r u e of t h e Si a hpos h, it is f a r d i f f e r e n t when w e come t o consider
t h e so- cal l ed Saf e d p o s h , or w hi t e- r obed Kafirs. Among t hes e tribes,
of whi c h t wo s t a nd o u t a s of c h i e f i mpor t ance, t h e Wai and the
Pr e s un, t h e r e is no s i mi l ar i t y i n d r e s s appear ance, Or language;
t h e y c a nnot c o n v e r s e wi t h o u t t h e ai d o f i n t e r p r e t e r s . ~ n d e e d
the
Wai and Pr e s u n s (Vi rons. ) a r e mos t di s s i mi l ar form one anot her than
t he y are from t h e Si ahposh.
A c o n v e n i e n t c l a s s i f i c a t i o n would b e t o d i v i d e all ~ a f i r s int0
Si a hpos h; (2) Wai gul i s (3) Pr e s ungul i s . The r e is a not he r important
t r i b e c a l l e d t h e Ashkun, of whom ve r y Li t t l e is known. They are
pr obabl y a l l i e d t o t h e Wai gul i s. Al t hough t h e cl as s i f i cat i on given
a bove mi g h t b e f ound ve r y c onve ni e nt , it is ne c e s s a r y t o aim at
e x a c t i t u d e by enumer at i ng a l l t h e tribes by t h e i r l ocal nam@s*
as e v e r y val l ey i n ~ a f i r i s t a n h a s mor e t h a n one desi gnat i on,
e v e r y tribe is s p o k e n of i n a pa r t i c ul a r way by d i f f e r e n t people*
Th e names gi ve n bel ow a r e t h o s e he a r d by ~ o b e r t s o n i n t h e mshgul
val l ey o r i n Chi t r al :
(1) Ka t i r s
( 2) Madugal
( 3) Kashtan or Kashtoz
( 4 ) Ka m
( 5) I s t r a t o r Gourdesh
(6) Presun, o r Vi ron
( 7) Wai
( 8) Ashkun
~ l l Si ahposh
~t is pr oba bl e t h a t nume r i c a l l y c o n s i d e r e d t h e Ka t i r s a r e mor e
i mport ant t han al l t h e remaining t r i b e s of Kaf i r i st an p u t t o g e t h e r .
They i n h a b i t v a r i o u s v a l l e y s a s Si a p o s h c ommuni t i e s e n t i r e l y
i ndependent of one a not he r , b u t acknowl edgi ng a common or i gi n and a
gener al r el at i ons h i p e a c h t o t h e ot he r .
They a r e di vi ded i n t o t h e f ol l owi ng groups:
(a) The Kat i rs o f t h e Bashgul val l ey, a l s o cal l ed Kamoz and Lut-
dehchi s. Thi s pe opl e i nha bi t t h e Bashgul from Ahmad Diwana down t o
Sunra on t h e Madugal bor der : 12 vi l l ages. ( Ther e a r e now more t ha n
12 vi l l ages. [AYN])
(b) The Kat i o r Karwar, a s mal l s e c t i o n who l i v e i n t h e Kat i
valley, 2 vi l l ages.
( c ) The Kulam, l i v i n g i n t he Kulam count r y: 4 vi l l a ge s .
( d) The Ramgulis or Gabari ks, t h e most numberous s e c t i on among
t h e
Kat i r s. The y l i v e i n t h e mo s t we s t e r n p a r t of Ka f i r i s t a n , and
probably i nhabi t s e ve r a l s i d e t r a c t s b e s i d e s t h e main val l ey from
which t h e y t a k e t h e i r name: 24 vi l l ages.
Of t h e o t h e r Sai hpos h t r i be s , t h e c h i e f is t h e Kam, i nhabi t i ng t h e
Bashgul and its l a t e r a l val l eys from t h e Madugal c ount r y t o t h e
Kunar valley. The vi l l a ge s are: Umi r , Kambrom, Kamdesh, Mergrom,
Kamu, Sarat, Pi t t i gul , and Bazgul.
The Muman or Madugal come n e x t in ge ne r a l and numeri cal i mpor t ance.
They occupy t h e s h o r t t r a c t of count r y bet ween t h e Kam and t h e
Katirs of t h e Bashgul . They p o s s e s s Bagalgrom or Muman, Sasku,
Mungul, and a f ew haml et s.
The Kashtan t r i be , wi t h t h e e xc e pt i on of one or t wo little settle-
me n t s , ar e al l l ocat ed i n t h e vi l l age o f Kashtan.
Lastly, t h e r e is a little col ony of Si ahpos h Kaf i r s a t Gour des h, who
are sai d t o be ver y d i f f e r e n t pe opl e from al l o t h e r Si ahpos hi s .
We now come t o t he Presun, Wai and Ashkun t r i b e s .
The former, a l s o cal l ed Viron by t h e i r Muhammadan nei ghbour s , in-
habit t h e Pr esungul . They are r emar kabl e f o r t h e i r more pe a c e f ul
di sposi t i on, and t h e i r i ne f f i c i e nc y a s f i g h t i n g men. They a r e a
simple peopl e, ve r y i ndus t r i ous , and, wi t h f ew e xc e pt i ons , meek and
poor-spi ri t ed. Thei r pr i nc i pl e vi l l ages are: Sht evgr om, Pr ont zgr om,
Diogrom, Kst i gi grom, Satsumgrom, Pashkigrom.
The Waigulis have 10 vi l l ages in t h e val l ey whi ch g i v e s t hem t h e i r
name : Runchi, Nizhai, Jamma, Amzhi, Chimion, Kegili, Akun or Akum,
Mildesh, Bargul, and Prani t a. (Accordi ng t o Ahmad Y usuf Nur i st ani ,
t h e s e p l a c e s s h o u l d b e c a l l e d Runc hi gul , Ni s hi gr a m, J amech,
Ameshdesh, Akun, KeguL Chimion, Akun or Akum are names of t h e same
village. Bargul and prani t a s houl d be Bergal i and Panita and are
both t o g e t h e r cal l ed waigal; t h e y were t wo vi l l ages on bot h s i d e s of
t he r i ver whi ch have mer ged i nt o one. The nat i ves cal l t h e uppe r
village Waramdesh and t h e peopl e a r e cal l ed Panita. The l owe r
vul age is cal l ed Baramdesh and t h e peopl e a r e cal l ed Bergal i . LWA)
They ar e a brave, hi g h- s pi r i t ed r ace, remarkabl e f o r t h e i r hos pi t a-
l i t y, and f o r t h e i r pr one ne s s t o quar r el .
Of t h e Ashkun t h e small t ot a l of our i nf or mat i on amount s t o t h i s :
t hat t he y s pe a k a l anguage similar t o t h e Waigulis; t h a t t h e i r
is s e pa r a t e d from t h e Kulam val l ey by a r a nge of mountains;
and t h a t t h e y ha ve t wo l a r g e vi l l a ge s , one on a r i ve r whi ch flows
i n t o t h e ti, t h e o t h e r (Muhammadan) on t h e bank o f a t or r e nt which
f a l l s d i r e c t l y i n t o t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e Pech.
( Accor di ng t o *hmed
Yusuf ~ u r i s t a n i , t h e e n t r y on As hkun is t ot a l l y i nc or r e c t . LWA)
he s l a ve popul a t i on, a s pr e vi ous l y s t a t e d , a r e pr obabl y t he rem-
nant o f an a n c i e n t p e o p l e s ubj uga t e d and e ns l a ve d by t h e present
d o mi n a n t t r i b e . T h e r e is v e r y l i t t l e t r a f f i c i n s l a v e s . Female
c h i l d r e n o f s l a ve p a r e n t s a r e s o l d and s e n t away t o nei ghbouri ng
Muhammadan t r i b e s . Th e s l a ve popul a t i on is ve r y l i mi t ed in number,
and a s it c o mp r i s e s a l l t h e a r t i f i c e r s o f t h e vi l l age, it would be
i nc onve ni e nt t o t h e t r i b e i f s u c h men were al ways l i abl e t o be sold.
Ne v e r t h e l e s s , it is be l i e ve d t h a t t h e communi t y l a ys no claim to a
common p r o p e r t y i n t h e s l a ve s ; t h e y all be l ong t o t h e i r r espect i ve
ma s t e r s , t o b e s o l d o r r e t a i n e d a s e a c h t h i n k s be s t .
Th e a bove a c c ount o f Kaf i r t r i ba l d i v i s i o n s h a s been t aken entirely
f r om ~ o b e r t s o n ' s r e p o r t . To it may b e a d d e d t h e f ol l owi ng remarks by
Bi ddul ph:
"AS f a r a s can be a s c e r t a i n e d , t h e y a r e s e pa r a bl e i nt o t hr e e main
t r i b e s c onf or mi ng t o t h e na t ur a l d i v i s i o n s of t h e count r y. These
a r e - - ( l ) t h e Ram g a l i s o r La mga l i s ( Laghmani s?) , who i nhabi t t he
u p p e r p a r t s o f t h e va l l e ys whi c h r un down from t h e Hindu Kush in a
s o u t h we s t e r l y d i r e c t i o n , wh e r e t h e y come i n t o c ont a c t with t he
Af gha ns o f Kabul. Th i s t r i b e a l s o e x t e n d s , a ppa r e nt l y, t o t h e north
s i d e of t h e mount ai ns. The p e o p l e o f Laghman a r e probabl y of t hi s
s t o c k c o n v e r t e d t o Islam i n compar at i vel y r e c e n t times; (2) t he
Wai gal i s, who i nha bi t t h e va l l e ys e x t e n d i n g s o u t h e a s t from t h e Hindu
Kush, whi c h j oi n t h e Kunar val l ey a t Ch i g h a Sarai; and (3) t he
Ba s hga l i s , who i n h a b i t t h e va l l e ys e x t e n d i n g from f u r t h e r nort h in a
s o u t h - s o u t h e a s t e r l y d i r e c t i o n , and j oi ni ng t h e Kunar val l ey a t Bir-
kot . Th e s e , agai n, a r e s u b d i v i d e d i n t o smal l er cl ans , of which t he
Wai gal i s a l one f u r n i s h e i g h t e e n . I n t h e Dar a- i - ~ur and o t h e r valleys
j oi ni ng t h a t of Kunar f r om t h e n o r t h bel ow Chi gha Sarai a r e portions
of t h e Waigali t r i b e who ha ve be e n r e c e n t l y c onve r t e d t o Islam. Many
o f t h e s e still r e t a i n t h e d i s t i n c t i v e bl ack gar ment s.
" Be s i de s t h e s e main t r i b e s t h e r e a r e s e v e r a l br oken or det ached
c l a ns , s u c h a s t h e Kal ashi s, who are s u b j e c t t o c hi t r a l , but are
cl ai med by t h e Ba s hga l i s a s t h e i r s l a ve s , and t h e itt ti gal is, or
Wi r i gal i s, a small t r i b e who d we l l e i t h e r on t h e nor t h s i d e of t he
Hi ndu Kush, o r i n t h e nor t he r n- mos t p a r t o f t h e Wai count r y on t he
s o u t h s i de . Thi s l a s t cl an is c a l l e d Sa f e d- pos h from t he i r wearing
wh i t e ga r me nt s , and t h e r a c e is s a i d t o be ver y small.
"The pr i nc i pa l t r i b e of t h e Bas hgal i c ount r y is di vi de d i nt o Kamoz
( Uppe r Kam) and Kamtoz ( Lower Kam) ( t h e l owe r pa r t is Kamozr the
u p p e r is Kantoz. AYN) . The Si a h p o s h empl oy t h e s e names amongst
t h e ms e l v e s when s p e a k i n g of a t r i b e a s t h e pe opl e i nhabi t i ng such
and s u c h a c ount r y, and empl oy t h e cl an names when c l os e r speci fi ca-
t i on is ne c e s s a r y, b u t t h e r e is no r e c ogni s e d term known amongst
t he m t o d i s t i n g u i s h t h e Kaf i r s col l ect i vel y. "
Popul at i on. The t o t a l popul at i on o f ~ a f i r i s t a n is probabl y not over
60, 000 s o u l s , e x c l u d i n g all ~ a f i r s who ha ve t ur ne d nuhammadans an.d
l i v e on t h e f r i n g e s of t h e count r y. A r ough e s t i ma t e by Robertson
a s under :
Bashgul v a l l e y 20, 000
Pr esun
81 5, 000
Kt i
n 1, 000
Kulam
11 3, 000
Ramgul " 18, 000
Wa i
11
5,500
52,500
Tot a l
He had no means of estimating t h e numbers of t h e Ashkun tribe.
Int ernal or gani zat i on of t h e t r i be s . Al t hough t h e Ramgul, t h e Kulam,
t h e K t i , and t h e Kat i r s of t h e Bashgul val l ey, have all been con-
si der ed a s bel ongi ng t o one g r e a t t r i be- - t he Katir, y e t e a c h of
t he s e di vi s i ons is t o all i n t e n t s and p u r p o s e s a s e pa r a t e t r i be.
These t r i be s a r e agai n s p l i t up i nt o f ami l i es or cl ans, and t h e
i ndi vi dual i mpor t ance of any s i n g l e Kafir d e p e n d s e nt i r e l y on t h e
numerical s t r e n g t h of t h e cl an h e be l ongs t o, and upon h i s pos i t i on
in t ha t clan. The c h i e f cl ans of t h e Kam are--
Ut ahdari
~ e mi d a r i
Garakdari
Sukdar i
B i l ezhedar i
Waidari
Lanandar i
Kanardari
Gut kechdari
Bat ar dar i
And t hose of t he Bashgul Ka t i r s are--
Jannahdar i Mutadawadar i
Barmeda r i Charedar i
Shakl dar i Sht ukdar i
Sowadar i
Of t h e s ubdi vi s i ons o f t h e o t h e r t r i b e s w e have no i nf or mat i on.
The a f f a i r s of a t r i b e a r e nominally ar r anged by t h e cons ul t at i on
t oge t he r of t h e headmen, who a r e cal l ed "j ast , " but a s a mat t er of
f act , in or di nar y times t h e bus i ne s s of a t r i be f a l l s ver y much i nt o
t h e hands of f our or f i v e gr ey- bear ds , who a r e d i s t i n g u i s h e d beyond
t hei r f el l ows f o r s agaci t y, or val our, b u t who must a l s o be t h e
pos s e s s or s of c ons i de r a bl e weal t h. I nde e d, t h e i mpor t ance of wor l dy
pos s es s i ons is ve r y s t r ongl y, p e r h a p s t oo s t r ongl y, r e c ogni s e d i n
Kafiristan. A man may be brave, de vot e d, and sagaci ous; h e may have
s pe nt t h e whol e of h i s f l o c k s and h e r d s and o t h e r pr ope r t y i n be-
coming a "j ast ; " h e may a l s o be of good family; ye t , i f h e be not
pos s es s ed of c ons i de r a bl e per s onal weal t h, h i s weig h t i n t h e t r i ba l
council is compar at i vel y s m a l l , e x c e p t in t h e c a s e of an or at or , .
when, t o a cer t ai n e x t e n t , h e may a t one by f e r vi d s p e e c h e s f o r l ack
of wealth.
A man can onl y become a "j ast , " by goi ng t h r o u g h a pr e s c r i be d
ceremony whi ch l a s t s near l y t h r e e ye a r s wi t h t h e Kam t r i be; amongs t
t h e Katirs its dur at i on is somewhat s hor t e r . During t h a t per i od h e
has t o banquet t h e whol e of h i s t r i b e on el even d i f f e r e n t occas i ons ,
and ent er t ai n h i s br ot he r "j ast s" wi t h t e n s e pa r a t e f e a s t s . H e ha s
t o do t h i s in conj unct i on wi t h a woman who may or may not be h i s
wife. She gener al l y is not , f o r t h e e x p e n s e of t wo pe opl e goi ng
t hr ough t h e ceremony a t t h e same t i m e is s o g r e a t t h a t none but t h e
r i c he s t f ami l i es can a f f o r d i t . The usual plan is f o r t h e hus ba nds
to make a private arrangement among themselves, by which t h e wi fe of
One man goe s t h r o u g h t h e cer emoni es wi t h a not he r i ndi vi dual , whos e
wife in he r t ur n w i l l r e c i pr oc a t e by di s t r i but i ng f ood i n con-
junction wi t h t h e husband of t h e f i r s t woman. The woman's s o l e
reward seems t o be t h a t s h e is per mi t t ed t o a t t e nd one or t wo
Particular dances , and ha s a l s o t h e pr i vi l ege of weari ng "markhor"
hair round t h e t o p s of he r danci ng- boot s. The man, on t h e o t h e r
hand, becomes an e xa l t e d per s onage, one of t h e g r e a t men of t h e
t r i be- The compl et e cer emoni es f o r becoming a "j ast " a r e el abor at e
and compl i cat ed. They would be t e di ous t o r ead in det ai l . In t h e
de pt h of wi nt er t h e man gr ows a mi ni at ur e f i e l d of wheat i n h i s won
living room, and t h i s is remarkabl e amongst t h e Kam t r i be a s t h e
Only occasi on on whi ch a man i n t e r e s t s hi msel f or act ual l y wor ks i n
a gr i c ul t ur a l pur s ui t s . H e h a s a l s o t o wear a par t i cul ar uniform on
a p p r o p r i a t e O C C ~ S ~ O ~ S , t o make c e r t a i n s a c r i f i c e s , appear a t the
pr e s c r i be d da nc e s , s l e e p o u t a t par t i cul ar s hr i ne s , and f or one
per i od c ons i s t i ng of s e ve r a l we e k s is never per mi t t ed t o leave his
vi l l age.
I t is a ve r y c ur i ous cust om t h a t , a l t hough once a "jast,ll
al ways a "j ast , " y e t a ver y weal t hy man is pr act i cal l y compelled by
publ i c opi ni on t o k e e p on goi ng t h r o u g h t h i s ceremony again and
agai n, or else h e mus t make h i s s o n s and ne phe ws , however young,
headmen one a f t e r a not he r . Unl ess h e d o e s t h i s h e is cer t ai n t o fail
i n mai nt ai ni ng h i s i nf l ue nc e and popul ar i t y wi t h h i s fellow-tribes-
men. Sumpt uar y l a ws a r e ve r y s t r i nge nt . No one but a "jast" would
dream of wear i ng a br i g ht - col our ed r obe a t r e l i gi ous dances, nor a
ga udy Or i ent al t ur ban,
unl e s s i n t h e c a s e of a well-known warrior of
good family, who mi ght be i nvi t e d t o j oi n t h e dance t o complete t he
number of performers, in which case he al so would be decorated some-
t h i n g a f t e r t h e f a s hi on of t h e o t h e r s .
The r e is a s o r t of i nner circle amongst t h e "j ast , " who, by furt her
banquet i ng sf a r e al l owed what is c ons i de r e d t h e nearl y royal privi-
l e g e of s e a t i ng t he ms e l ve s on f our - l egged s t o o l s out s i de a house. In
t h e Kam t r i b e t h e r e were onl y f i v e men and one woman ent i t l ed to
t h i s e x c l u s i v e pr i vi l ege. Anybody--men, women, c hi l dr e n, slaves--may
sit on t h e s e s t o o l s i ndoor s , or on or di nar y wooden benches outside,
but t o be pe r mi t t e d t o sit on t h e s e que e r little f our - l egged stools
i n t h e ope n a i r is onl y al l owabl e t o s u c h a s a r e cons i der ed "Mirs"
i n t h e t r i be , a l t h o u g h t h e i r r oyal f unc t i on be gi ns and e n d s with t he
four-l eg ge d s t ool .
The Ur J a s t is an o f f i c i a l e l e c t e d annual l y, who hol ds an important
pos i t i on i n t h e t r i be.
To r e c a pi t ul a t e , a Kafi r cl an, s uc h a s t h e Kam, is composed of t he
f ol l owi ng s oc i a l gr a de s :
(1) The Mirs and t h e Pr i e s t .
( 2) The " J a s t " and t h e "Ur J as t . " 1 A1 1 members of t he
(3)
Members of i mpor t ant cl ans. \ same c l a s s
( 4) Members of ver y smal l c l a n s
or gr oups of f ami l ies.
( 5 ) Poor freemen, p a t s a s or shepher ds.
The family is t h e uni t y o f t h e Kafir body pol i t i c.
AS t h e importance
of a cl an is d e p e n d e n t upon t h e number of f ami l i es of which i t
c o n s i s t s ,
S O t h e i mpor t ance of a family i s si mi l arl y dependent upon
t h e number of a d u l t males it can pr oduc e t o s u p p o r t t h e head of t he
hous e in a l l h i s c ont e nt i ons .
Government and s oc i a l l aws. ( ~ u t see a l s o Last par agr aph of t hi s
a r t i c l e - ) The r ul i ng a ut hor i t y i n or di nar y t i m e s c ons i s t s of t hr ee
J a s t s , who us e t h e i r power t a c t f ul l y and al ways know t h e bent of
Publ i c opi ni on. For t h e management of i nt e r na l a f f a i r s of secondary
i mpor t ance t h e r e is a ki nd of e l e c t i ve magi st r acy, consi st i ng of
t h i r t e e n pe r s ons , who ar e c ha nge d annually. Thei r c hi e f is known as
t h e "Ur Jast , " and is a ve r y i mpor t ant pe r s ona ge i ndeed. The remain-
d e r of t h e number a r e mer el y h i s s a t e l l i t e s , and s l aves even are
e l e c t e d. The bus i ne s s of t h e s e men is t o r e gul a t e t h e suppl y of
wat er t o t h e d i f f e r e n t f i e l d s , and t o see t h a t gr a pe s and wa l nut s
a r e not pi c ke d b e f o r e t h e a ppoi nt e d t i m e , whi l e t h e i r c hi e f 19
r e s pons i bl e f o r t h e Li ght i ng of t h e f i r e s a t t h e danci ng house every
Wednesday ni ght , t h e comrnencelnent of a ki nd of Kafir s a bba t h The
e l e c t e d t h i r t e e n puni s h di s obe di e nc e and o t h e r i r r egul ar i t i es by
f i ne s , whi ch, a s t h e y e x p r e s s i v e l y p u t i t , t h e y e a t t hemsel ves* On
a ppoi nt me nt t h e i r c h i e f ha s t o e nt e r t a i n t h e whol e vi l l age- He is
a l s o e x p e c t e d t o e nt e r t a i n publ i c g u e s t s , but a s h e r ecei ves cerbin
cont r i but i ons i n t h e s h a p e o f f l our , etc., h i s o f f i c e is be l i e ve d t o
be a s l uc r a t i ve a s it c e r t a i nl y is honour abl e. I n e v e r y ci r cum-
s t ance in whi ch a man is i n a ny way e x a l t e d above h i s f e l l ows , h e
has t o pay f o r t h e honour .
Di sobedi ence t o t h e J a s t i n c ounc i l is puni s he d by bur ni ng down t h e
of f ender ' s house, and dest r oyi ng hi s pr oper t y. The penal t y f or t h e f t
is, t he or e t i c a l l y, a f i n e o f s e v e n or e i g h t times t h e val ue of t h e
t hi ng s t ol e n, b u t s u c h a puni s hme nt i n or di na r y c a s e s woul d onl y b e
i nf l i c t e d on a man of i n f e r i o r r ank, u n l e s s it were an a ggr a va t e d
of f ence. Murder, j us t i f i a bl e homi ci de, and ki l l i ng by i n a d v e r t e n c e
in a qua r r e l are all c l a s s e d a s one crime. Ext enuat i ng c i r c ums t a nc e s
ar e never c ons i de r e d.
Ther e a r e no bl ood f e u d s a mongs t
t h e Kaf i r s s u c h a s t h o s e s o f at al -
l y common a mongs t t h e i r Af ghan nei g hbour s .
Th e pe na l t y f o r ki l l i ng
a f el l ow- t r i besman is, however , e xt r e me l y s e v e r e , ~ a f i r s are cont i -
nually quar r el i ng a mongs t t he ms e l ve s , and t h e d a n g e r t o h i s f ami l y
of one man ki l l i ng a n o t h e r is s o w e l l r e c o g n i s e d and u n d e r s t o o d ,
t h a t men, women, e ve n c h i l d r e n a r e p r e p a r e d a t a l l times t o t h r o w
t hems el ves r e c k l e s s l y be t we e n t h e combat ant s and t r y t o s e p a r a t e
them. I t is c o n s i d e r e d an a c t o f v i r t u e t o d o t h i s . I n t h e s e i nc e s -
s ant qua r r e l s dagger - wound s a r e ve r y common, b u t t h e y a r e al mos t
invariably i n f l i c t e d on t h e h a n d s of t h o s e who a r e t r yi ng t o s e pa -
r at e t h e qua r r e l l e r s , and who r u s h be t we e n f i g h t i n g men wi t h t h e
gr e a t e s t i nt r e pi di t y. I f a Kafi r ki l l a not he r , h e mus t a t onc e l e a ve
hi s vi l l age and become a " chi l e" o r out c a s t . H i s h o u s e o r h o u s e s a r e
bur nt by t h e de a d man' s fami l y or cl an, and h i s p r o p e r t y pl unde r e d.
He must never more r e t u r n t o h i s nat i ve vi l l age e x c e p t by s t e a l t h ,
and whenever h e e n c o u n t e r s any member of t h e de a d man' s fami l y, h e
is obl i ged a t onc e t o h i d e hi ms el f i n b u s h e s o r be hi nd door s , etc.
The st i gma a p p l i e s n o t onl y t o t h e man b u t t o t h i s d i r e c t d e s c e n d -
a nt s and t o h i s chi l dr en- i n- l aw. The r e a r e s e v e r a l vi l l a ge s whi c h
may be cal l ed cities o f r e f u g e i n Kaf i r i st an, whe r e s l a y e r s o f t h e i r
f el l ow- t r i besmen r e s i d e per manent l y. They can onl y be r e l e a s e d from
t he i r o u t c a s t c ondi t i on by payi ng down a heavy ransom t o t h e de a d
man's family. The ransom is s o heavy, t h a t it is ve r y r a r e l y pai d.
I ndeed, t o pay it s h o ws s o much weal t h and honour , t h a t t h e man
hi msel f and h i s d e s c e n d a n t s , when t h e y r e t u r n t o t h e i r vi l l age,
always a f ter ward s c a r r y a s pe c i a l l y s h a p e d a x e t o i n d i c a t e t h e i r
soci al i mpor t ance. Concer ni ng t h i s q u e s t i o n of men ki l l i ng one ano-
t he r , Rober t son f r e q u e n t l y a s k e d Kaf i r s what would be t h e r e s u l t i f
a man were t o s l a y a f el l ow- vi l l ager , whi l e d e f e n d i n g h i s own l i f e
from an a t t a c k? The a ns we r was i nvar i abl y t h e same. The homi ci de-
j u s t i f i a b l e h o mi c i d e a s w e s h o u l d c a l l hi m- - becomes a t o n c e a
"chile." On h i s a t t e mpt i ng t o a r g u e t h e j u s t i c e of t h i s , t h e y al ways
made t h e same r epl y: t h e man s houl d have d e f e n d e d h i s l i f e wi t hout
ki l l i ng t h e o t h e r man. Thi s way of a ve ngi ng a mur der is e xt r e me l y
sui t abl e t o t h e s m a l l Kafi r communi t i es, whe r e t h e l i f e of e v e r y
s i n g l e man is o f t h e u t mo s t v a l u e a s a f a c t o r i n t h e f i g h t i n g
S t r e n g t h o f a f a mi l y o r a t ri be. For it is o b v i o u s t h a t i f t h e
cust om, "a l i f e f o r a l i f e, ' ' pr evai l ed, t h e t r i b e would l o s e t wo
f i ght i ng men i ns t e a d of one whenever a man was ki l l ed i n a dome s t i c
Or vi l l age quar r el .
The puni shment f o r a mur der ous a s s a u l t is d e c i d e d by t h e J a s t .
The or di nar y puni s hment f o r a man c a u g h t i n a d u l t e r y is a f i n e i n
varying from t hr e e t o si x. A s a consequence t h e women of t e n t r y
ent angl e men i n o r d e r t o g e t c ows f o r t h e i r hus bands .
When it is d e s i r e d t o t a k e an oa t h of a ve r y bi ndi ng c ha r a c t e r , t h e
custom is t o s a c r i f i c e a cow t o Imra, and t h e p e r s o n s c onc e r ne d e a c h
put a f o o t in a pool of t h e ani mal ' s bl ood. Or di nar y vows may be
made by ki l l i ng a goat . Si mi l arl y, men may be r e l e a s e d from a vow
i n a p r e c i s s e l y si mi l ar manner.
The l a w of i nhe r i t a nc e s t a r t s wi t h t h e assumpt i on t h a t a woman
cannot hol d pr ope r t y.
Sh e h a s no r i g h t s of any ki nd, and cannot
i nhe r i t . The e l d e s t h a s h i s s h a r e i nc r e a s e d by some single article
of val ue, f o r i ns t a nc e , a cow, whi l e t h e younge s t i nheri t s his
f a t h e r ' s house. The i nhe r i t a nc e is s t r i c t l y con i ned t o l egi t i mat e
s o n s by f r e e mot her s . Sl a ve s ' s o n s d o not count . I f t he r e are no
c h i l d r e n t h e d e c e a s e d ' s b r o t h e r s t a k e all t h e pr oper t y. In the
f a i l ur e of t h e i mmedi at e near male r el at i ons , t h e e s t a t e f aus to
d i s t a n t m a l e r e l a t i ons , and i n f a i l ur e of a l l s uc h, t o t h e clan.
Women and marri age. Kafi r women a r e pr act i cal l y sl aves, and to all
i nt ent s and pur poses t he y are bought and sold a s household commodi-
ties. I n mo s t c a s e s t h e e n t i r e wor k o f a g r i c u l t u r e is i n t hei r
ha nds , a s w e l l a s all car r yi ng wor k, e x c e p t t h e ver y heavy ki nds for
whi ch t h e y have no s t r e n g t h . They a r e r ar el y act i vel y i l l used
how-
ever ; t h e y a r e mer el y d e s p i s e d . Young women are ver y immoral, not
be c a us e t h e i r nat ur al a ve r a ge d i s p o s i t i o n is e i t h e r be t t e r or worse
t ha n t h a t of women of o t h e r r a c e s , but be c a us e publ i c opinion is all
i n f avour o f what may b e cal l ed A Kafir gue s t always
e x p e c t s t o have a f emal e compani on pr ovi ded f o r him by a t hought f ul
hos t .
The r e is little or no cer emony about a Kafir marriage. A man who is
enamoured of a young woman, or wi shes t o g e t married, sends a friend
t o t h e f a t h e r of h i s would be b r i d e and a s k s he r price. It is
not hi ng more t ha n t ha t . I f h e is an or di nar y poor man, he w i l l have
t o pay e i g h t c ows , whi l e, i f r i c he r , h e may have t o gi ve a s many as
t we l ve or s i xt e e n. I f t h e f a t h e r e nt e r t a i ns t h e pr oposal of t he
s ui t or , h e s e n d s back word t o t h a t e f f e c t , and t h e man immediately
g o e s t o t h e woman' s home whe r e a g o a t is s a c r i f i c e d, and t hat con-
s t i t u t e s t h e whol e of t h e ceremony. They a r e t h e n consi der ed mar-
r i e d , b u t t h e woman r emai ns i n h e r f a t h e r ' s hous e and works f or her
f a t h e r onl y, u n t i l t h e l a s t p e n n y o f h e r p r i c e is pai d by her
husband.
Di vor ce is easy. I t a p p e a r s t o si mpl y c o n s i s t i n a man sel l i ng his
wi f e t o some o t h e r man.
Kaf i r s are pol ygamous, and usual l y have from one t o f our , or at the
ut mos t f i ve , wi ves.
When a man d i e s , h i s wi ves r e v e r t t o h i s family, and a r e ei t her sold
or r e t a i ne d by h i s s ur vi vi ng br ot he r s .
The family l i f e o f Kaf i r s is ki ndl y on t h e whole. A well-to-do man
with several wives may have t wo or t hr e e di f f e r e nt homes. The women
seem t o g e t on ve r y w e l l t o g e t h e r .
Dress and a r m s . The commonest d r e s s o f t h e poor er c l a s s e s of the
Si ah- posh is a goat - s ki n c onf i ne d a t t h e wai st by a l eat her st r ap
whi ch a l s o s u p p o r t s t h e i nevi t abl e da gge r . The f avour i t e dr es s
t h e f ai r l y wel l -t o-do Kafi r male of t h e e a s t e r n val l eys is a coarse
c o t t o n s h i r t and t r o u s e r s , a brown Chi t r a l i or a black ~ i n j a n i
br own s o f t l e a t h e r boot s , and p e r h a p s al s o f o o t l e s s ~ h i t r a l i stock-
i ngs . The nat i onal gar ment , however , is a budzun or t uni c, which '''
women wear wi t hout e xc e pt i on, and many men a s we l l . I t is made
t hi ck dark brown woollen cl ot h, and in women r eaches from t he
d e r s t o t h e knee; a wedge- chaped pi e c e of t h e body in f r ont and
behi nd is e x pos e d owi ng t o t h e pecul i ar s h a p e of t h e gar ment It is
g i r d l e d a t t h e wai s t by a l ong dar k r e d f l a t cor d about an inch and
a qua r t e r br oad, e ndi ng i n t a s s e l s . ~t has a r e d e dgi ng round t he
bot t om; t h e r e a r e no s l e e ve s , b u t t h e uppe r pa r t of t h e garment is
s o f a s hi one d t h a t t h e wear er o f t e n l ooks , i f vi ewed from t he
or t h e s i d e , a s i f s h e were weari ng an I nve r ne s s cape. The men never
bi nd t h i s t uni c t i g h t l y t o t h e pe r s on a s t h e women do, but
wear it t hr own l oos e l y over t h e s houl de r s . The Presum people
very t hi c k l oos e g r e y bl anket i ng c l o t h e s , whi ch gi ve t hem a cum-
brous, awkwar d appear ance. The Wai pe opl e wear c o t t o n c l o t h e s , and
a f f e c t br i ght colours whenever t he y can g e t them. The Siahposh women
wear s qua r e c ot t on c a p s a t t h e back of t h e head, whi l e t h e g i r l s
conf i ne t h e i r l o c k s wi t h a doubl e t hr e a d f a s t e ne d r ound t h e head a t
t h e l evel of t h e br ows. Kafir weapons a r e t h e da gge r , bow and
arrow, s pe a r and mat chl ock. The bows a r e f e e b l e l ooki ng, but a
s ki l l f ul man w i l l s h o o t wi t h f a i r accur acy up t o 80 yar ds. The
a r e pur c ha s e d on t h e f r ont i e r ; none a r e of home manufac-
ture. Shi e l ds al s o a r e a l l i mpor t ed, and a r e more f o r or nament t ha n
use.
Warfare. I t is pr obabl e t h a t t h e r e is no s i n g l e t r i b e of Kaf i r s
which is a t peace wi t h all t h e o t h e r t r i be s . Some of t h e s e wars, i f
wars t h e y can be cal l ed, have cont i nued f o r gener at i ons . The com-
monest caus e of an out br eak is r obber y. One t r i be knows t h a t a not he r
t r i be has f i ne f l o c k s and h e r d s , and t he r e upon d e c i d e s t o make a
raid. Anot her c a us e is t h e ge ne r a l e xc i t e me nt of a t r i b e s e e ki ng t o
fi nd an out l e t f o r its ener gy.
The most common plan of car r yi ng on h o s t i l i t i e s is f o r small par-
ties, t wo or more, t o pe ne t r a t e i nt o t h e enemy' s c ount r y and ki l l
sl eepi ng peopl e or form s m a l l ambuscades, and t he n, i f s u c c e s s f u l ,
hurry back a t f u l l s p e e d t o da nc e t o t h e god "Gish." On s uc h e xpe di -
t i ons t h e Kaf i r s e x h i b i t t h e most e xt r a or di na r y c our a ge and powe r s
of endurance, t hei r wonderful walking powers enabling them t o t ravel
di s t ances whi ch seem al most i ncr edi bl e.
When a t t a c ke d by f o r e i g n e r s t h e y usual l y a d o p t pur el y d e f e n s i v e
t act i cs. They hol d pos i t i ons , form little ambuscades and s o f o r t h ;
t hen, when t h e enemy, from a cumul at ed l o s s , l ack o f s uppl i e s , o r
ot her cause, be gi ns t o r e t r e a t , dogge d r e s i s t a n c e t u r n s i n t o f ur i ous
bravery, and t h e l i g ht - f oot ed Kaf i r s a t t a c k t hem on a l l s i d e s l i k e
a swarm of l oc us t s .
I t is not qui t e c l e a r how Kaf i r s come t o an end of h o s t i l i t i e s wi t h
a Muhammadan people, but t hey no doubt send and recei ve messengers,
and t h e Kafi rs r a t i f y t h e i r pr omi ses by s a c r i f i c i ng a goat . Among
t hemsel ves ma t t e r s a r e probabl y ar r anged i n t h e f i r s t pl a c e by some
ne ut r a l t r i b e f r i e n d l y t o b o t h p a r t i e s . The r a t i f i c a t i on of t h e
necessar y pr el i mi nar i es d e p e n d s t o a g r e a t e x t e n t upon t h e pe a c e
o f f e r i n g s s u g g e s t e d , whi ch t h e s t r o n g e r t r i b e r e c e i ve s , gi vi ng lit-
t l e or not hi ng i n r et ur n.
Religion. The r el i gi on of t h e Kaf i r s is a somewhat low form of
i dol at ry, wi t h an admi xt ur e of a nc e s t or wor s hi p and some t r a c e s of
f i r e- wor shi p al so. Imra is t h e c r e a t or of all t h i n g s , and t h e r e a r e
a l ar ge number of s econdar y de i t i e s , bot h male and femal e, who a r e
descr i bed a s "pr ophet s . " Of t h e s e , Moni a p p e a r s t o be t h e most
anci ent and Gi sh, t h e war-god, t h e most popul ar . (But see a l s o l a s t
Paragraph of t h i s ar t i cl e. )
There ar e l a r ge numbers of o t h e r minor d e i t i e s al so, who p r e s i d e
over women and c hi l dr e n, who must be s a c r i f i c e d t o f o r weal t h, and
who gi ve f r u i t f u l ha r ve s t s , etc. Speci al animals have t o be sacr i -
f i ced t o par t i cul ar gods : t h u s , Imra r e c e i ve s cows; Gi sh, male
goat s; Dizane (a g o d d e s s ) , s h e e p , etc. Imra' s t empl es a r e in e ve r y
"U~Y, t h e c hi e f t empl e bei ng a t Kst i gi grom i n Pr esungul ,
whi ch is
undoubt edl y t h e most s a c r e d vi l l age in t h e whol e of Kaf i r i st an. Gi sh
is bel i eved by t h e Kaf i r s t o have been c r e a t e d in a mi racul ous way
Imra. H e was a marvel l ous warri or and s l ayer of men. H e has
shr i nes i n e ve r y t r u e Kafir vi l l age, and t h e c or ne r s of h i s s m a l l
a r e not unf r e que nt l y ornament ed wi t h war - t r ophi es s t u c k on
t he end of pol es. The obj e c t wor s hi pped is e i t h e r a pl ai n s t one , o r
a head and f a c e car ved in a convent i onal manner. On t h e s e t h e
Prie8t c a s t f l our , etc., and t h e blood of t h e s acr i f i ce. If you wi sh
t o compl i ment a ~ a f i r you compare him t o Gi sh; whi l e t h e prettiest
t hi ng you can s ay t o a Kafi r woman is t o call h e r *Gish Istri,ll
whi ch means Gi s h' s wi fe. Bes i des g o d s , t h e Kafi rs believe in fai-
r i e s , and a l s o i n devi l s , who have t o be pr opi t i at ed in order that
t h e c r o p s may not be de s t r oye d. In Kafir t heol ogy t h e r e appears to
b e bot h a heaven and a hel l . It d i v i d e s t h e uni ver se i nt o Urdesh,
t h e world above; Michdesh, t h e eart h; and Yurdesh, t h e nether world.
he a p e r t u r e whi ch o p e n s i nt o Yur desh is guar ded by a custodian
named ~a r a ma l i k , who per mi t s no one t o r e t ur n t o t h e upper world.
Wooden e f f i g i e s , or a l ong s i n g l e s t o n e pl aced on end, are erected
t o t h e memory of dead r el at i ons , and a l t hough ancest or-worshi p is
deni ed by t h e peopl e, t h e s e e f f i g i e s and monol i t hs ar e t o be seen
s pr i nkl e d wi t h t h e blood of s a c r i f i c e s o f f e r e d by t h o s e of t he same
family who were s u f f e r i n g from s i c k n e s s , whi l e a t a particular
f e s t i v a l f ood is p r e s e n t e d t o t h e family e f f i g i e s , and placed round
t h e house f or t h e use of depart ed shades.
Ther e a r e no human s a c r i f i c e s under any ci r cums t ances in Kafiristan,
e x c e p t t h a t pr i s one r s t aken in war a r e somet i mes st abbed in front of
t h e c o f f i n s t o s a t i s f y t h e i ndi gnant g h o s t of a dead warrior. Kafirs
a r e never mel anchol y, and s u i c i d e is not onl y unknown amongst them,
b u t when t h e y a r e t ol d about it t h e y a r e unf ei gnedl y sur pr i sed.
Ther e is not hi ng i n t h e s h a p e of pr ayer s ; t h e s ubs t i t ut e s are reli-
gi ous dances , s a c r e d s o n g s , and s a c r i f i c e s .
The s a c r i f i c e s a r e car r i ed o u t by t h e ' tutah," or pr i es t : t h e "debi-
lala," t h e s i n g e r of t h e p r a i s e s of t h e g o d s , and t h e "pshur, " who
is s u p p o s e d t o be t empor ar i l y i ns pi r e d on al l s uc h occasi ons; but no
g o a t or o t h e r animal is e ve r ki l l ed f o r f ood in Kafi ri st an except in
t h e ort hodox way, and with t h e appropri at e ceremonies. A t such times
any one may of f i c i a t e .
The pr i es t - - t he Kamdesh p r i e s t is t h e s e ve nt h of h i s l i ne in regular
des cent - - i s a ver y i mpor t ant per sonage. H e is allowed t o sit on the
s t o o l i n t h e open ai r, whe t he r he has gone t hr ough t h e necessary
banquet i ng or not. H e is al ways a man of weal t h, and t h e head of a
cl an. H e g e t s a doubl e s h a r e of each animal whose sacr i f i ce he
p r e s i d e s over , and has o t h e r r i g h t s and per qui s i t es . On t h e march
and el sewhere, he t akes precedence of every one. For some particular
r eas on h e must not go near t h e r e c e p t a c l e s f o r t h e dead, nor even
t r a v e r s e cer t ai n p a t h s whi ch l ead t o t h o s e pl aces. Slaves may not
appr oach t h e hear t h of any hous e h e may p o s s e s s , nor come too near
any of t h e s hr i ne s .
The "debi l al a" is al s o a man hel d in h i g h r e s pe c t ; he r eci t es the
pr a i s e s of t h e god in whos e honour t h e s a c r i f i c e is being made, and
a t t h e g r e a t r el i gi ous dances in t h e s pr i ng t i m e h e has a specia1
pl ace a s s i gne d him i n t h e c e n t r e of t h e per f or mer s , and al ongsi de
t h e pri est . H e al so is debarred from using certain pathways ~ ~ P P o ~ ~ ~
t o be i mpure.
The "ps hur " is t h e i ndi vi dual who becomes t emporari l y inspired
during sacr i f i ces and on ot her occasions, when he frequently behaves
most vi ol ent l y and is somet i mes not s oot he d bef or e Some of t he
headmen have s peci al l y appeal ed t o Imra on h i s behal f. He i s On t he
whol e d e s p i s e d by h i s f el l ows , who bel i eve t h a t al t hough he is
somet i mes r eal l y i ns pi r e d, y e t a t o t h e r times he is simply a liar'
a s t h e y p u t it in t h e i r charmi ngl y d i r e c t way. ~ e s i d e s t h e func-
t i onar i es above de s c r i be d, t h e r e a r e o t h e r s w h0 perform certsin
s ubor di nat e d u t i e s in r el at i on t o t h e gods . For i nst ance, s u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
t h e r e is e x c e s e i v e snow o r rai n, t h e peopl e col l ect t oget her in 'Ome
par t i cul ar houae, and one of t h e "jast, " who al one can perform t he
ceremony, bi nds a pi e c e of c l ot h t ur banwi se round h i s brows, takes a
bow in h i s hand, and a f t e r pur i f yi ng it by t h e spr i nkl i ng
wat er, pr oc e e d8 t o di s c ove r whi ch of the g o d s is willing to receive
a sacr i f i ce. H e f i n d s t h i s o u t by r a pi dl y r unni ng over t h e names of
t he gods unt i l t h e bow be gi ns t o s wi ng ba c kwa r ds and f or war ds . he
name of t h e god on h i s l i p s when t h e movement be gi ns is t h e name of
t he god de s i r ous of bei ng s a c r i f i c e d t o.
The mode t h e Kaf i r s have of di s pos i ng of t h e i r dead is pecul i ar .
They ar e not bur i ed, nor bur ned, b u t a r e d e p o s i t e d i n l a r g e boxe s ,
placed e i t h e r on t h e hi l l s i d e or i n some more or less s e c l ude d
spot . In some f ew pl aces , not abl y i n Lut deh, t h e s e c o f f e r s f o r t h e
dead ar e pl aced j u s t above and c l o s e t o t h e vi l l age on t h e l e ve l
ground and a l ongs i de t h e road. When t h e wind bl ows from t h a t par t i -
cular di r e c t i on t h e r e s u l t is si mpl y appal l i ng. The b o x e s a r e ve r y
l ar ge and usual l y body a f t e r body is p u t i nt o t hem, a s l ong a s t h e
wood r e s i s t s t h e nat ur al de c a y d u e t o t i m e and t h e weat her . c e r t a i n
gr eat men a r e occasi onal l y gi ven a box a l l t o t hems el ves . The l i d
ge ne r a l l y h a s s e v e r a l l a r g i s h s t o n e s pl a c e d on it, p o s s i b l y t o
pr event its warpi ng and e xpos i ng t h e c o n t e n t s of t h e c o f f e r . Orna-
ment s, s l i v e r e a r r i n g s , etc., and b r i g h t c o l o u r e d c l o t h i n g a r e
sometimes d e p o s i t e d wi t h t h e de a d, a s a r e al s o wooden bowl s con-
taining bread br oken up i n c l a r i f i e d but t er . When t h r o u g h a g e t h e
wood-work decays, t h e bones of t h e dead ar e exposed and very Little
at t ent i on is pai d t o t h e ci r cumst ance.
Miscellaneous manners and cust oms. Chi l dr en a r e al ways bor n i n a
"Nirmali" hous e on t h e o u t s k i r s t of a vi l l age. The way t h e y a r e
named is ver y pecul i ar . An ol d woman r uns r a pi dl y over t h e names of
t he baby' s a nc e s t or s or a n c e s t r e s s e s , a s t h e c a s e may be, and s t o p s
at t h e i ns t a nt t h e i nf a nt f i r s t be gi ns t o f e e d ; t h e name on t h e
r eci t er ' s l i p s when t h a t e v e n t oc c ur s bei ng t h e name by whi ch t h e
chi l d w i l l t h e n c e f o r t h be known dur i ng its l i f e . A s a c ons e que nc e of
t h i s pecul i ar cust om, it not unf r e que nt l y ha ppe ns t h a t more t ha n one
member of a family is compel l ed t o bear t h e same name. In s u c h c a s e s
t h e chi l dr en a r e di s t i ngui s he d from one a not he r i n s pe a ki ng of t hem
by t h e pr e f i x j uni or or s eni or , a s t h e c a s e may be. Kafi r men and
women ar e known by t h e i r own par t i cul ar name a f f i x e d t o t h a t of
t hei r f a t he r : t h u s , Chandl u Astan means Astan t h e s on of Chandl u. In
t h e case of ve r y popul ar names, t h e gr a ndf a t he r ' s cognomen ha s
f r equent l y t o be empl oyed a l s o t o di s t i ngui s h t h e var i ous i ndi vi -
duals: t hus Lutkam Chandlu Merik means Merik t h e son of Chandlu, t h e
son of Lutkam. Occasi onal l y, t h o u g h r ar el y, t h e mot her ' s name is
used along wi t h t h e f a t he r ' s : s o Bachik-Sumri Shai ok means Shai ok
t h e chi l d of Bachik and of Sumri. Ther e is no obj ect i on i n Kafiri-
st an t o a chi l d bear i ng t h e same name a s its f a t h e r , a s t h e r e s o
commonly is t hr oughout t h e East; i ndeed you const ant l y hear of Merik
Merik, Gut kech Gut kech and similar i ns t a nc e s of f a t h e r and s on
bearing i d e nt i c a l names.
Dancing e n t e r s gr e a t l y i nt o t h e i nner l i f e of t h e Kafi rs. It is a
r el i gi ous e xe r c i s e , a s pe c t a c ul a r per f or mance, and an amusement, b u t
it is Possi bl e t h a t t h e r e is no s uc h t hi ng a s pur el y s ecul ar danc-
ing.
The c hi e f games of t h e Kaf i r s a r e "shi l " ( t h e t hr owi ng of an i r on
bal l ) , a r c h e r y , r o l l i n g wa l nut s , a ki nd o f " t o u c h ," and " a l u t s "
(exact l y l i k e quoi t s , f l a t s t o n e s bei ng us ed i ns t e a d of t h e Quoi t ) .
Young men occasi onal l y di s pl a y t h e i r a c t i vi t y in r unni ng, j umpi ng,
and such l i k e a t h l e t i c s , whi l e swimming is an amusement, a s w e l l a s
a necessar y pa r t of a Kafi r' s educat i on.
Trade- The gr e a t e r pa r t of t h e e xt e r na l t r a d e of Kaf i r i st an is
carried on t hr ough t h e Muhammadan vi l l ages on t h e f r ont i e r . Ther e is
a cert ai n amount of t r a d e al s o done in t h e Chi t r al Bazar. Pedl ar s,
small wares and ornaments from Peshawar or Badakhshan, al so
ent er Raf i r i st an t o pl y t h e i r vocat i on. The Minjanis t r a ve l i nt o all
Kaf i r d i s t r i c t s , t h e Ramgul Kulam, K t i , and t h e Bashgul , and a l s o
t r a d e i n t h e Pr e s ungul , b u t t h e y ne ve r v i s i t t h e Kam or t he other
~ i a h p o s h t r i b e s .
The We s t e r n Kaf i r s sell young female chi l dr en to
t h e ~ i n j a n i s , b u t of late y e a r s t h i s t r a f f i c h a s decreased.
I mpor t s . The Mi nj ani s br i ng i n bl ack wool en r obe s , coar s e cotton
c l o t h wooden combs, t r i n k e t s , and s a l t . Ot he r i mpor t s ar e cheap
s t u f f s f o r da nc i ng d r e s s e s , Cot t on c l o t h s , ne e dl e s , t hr e a d, beads,
t hi mbl e s , i r on, l e a d, g u n p o wd e r and ma t c hl oc ks .
Expor t s . Th e s e c o n s i s t c h i e f l y o f g h i , h i d e s , wool, goa t s sheep,
honey and walnuts in t h e or de r named.
The ~ a f i r s a r e we l l s k i l l e d i n many o f t h e or di na r y t r ades . They
make good f oot - c ove r i ngs , r o p e s a r e t wi s t e d from goa t hai r, pot t er 1=
v e s s e l s a r e w e l l ma d e wh i l e t h e s i l v e r a n d b r a s s wor ke r s are
d e c i d e d l y c l e ve r . The best c a r p e n t e r s and wood c a r ve r s i n Kafiristan
a r e t o b e f ound i n t h e Pr e s ungul , t h e b e s t i r on wor ke r s in t h e Wai
c ount r y, and t h e b e s t l e a t h e r wo r k e r s i n Bashgul . The women weave
wool l en c l o t h on u p r i g h t l ooms i d e n t i c a l i n pr i nc i pl e with t hose
s e e n i n I ndi a.
Agr i c ul t ur a l and o t h e r p r o d u c t s . The c h i e f c r o p is a ki nd of millet
c a l l e d i n t h e Punj ab "t ehi na. " Ot h e r s a r e wheat , bar l ey, and Indian-
cor n. M i l l e t is t h e s t a p l e f ood, whe a t be i ng c ons i de r e d a luxury.
The amount and dur a t i on of t h e s n o wf a l l nat ur al l y det er mi ne t he
d a t e s o f t h e s p r i n g s owi ngs . Robe r t s on s ays : "Kamdesh village is
b e t we e n 6, 000 f e e t a nd 7, 000 f e e t a bove t h e s e a l evel . On April 4 t h ,
1891, pl oughi ng began i n t h a t vi l l a ge , whi l e on Oct ober 2nd, 1890, I
had wi t nessed t h e Indiancorn c r op being harvest ed. In t h e same place
on Se pt e mbe r 7 t h , 1891, t h e whe a t and m i l l e t c r o p s were cut."
Th e Kaf i r c a t t l e a r e i n f e r i o r t o good Engl i s h b r e e d s , but reach t he
a v e r a g e o f t h o s e s e e n i n Kashmir. Some va r i e t i e s a r e humped. The
g o a t s are a f i n e b r e e d , b u t t h e s h e e p a r e ve r y poor. But t er 1s
c h u r n e d i n goa t - s ki ns . The g h i is made i n t h e us ual way, and is of
e x c e l l e n t qual i t y. The so- cal l ed Kafi r wi ne is poor s t u f f , more l i ke
vi ne ga r t h a n wine. Kaf i r c h e e s e is n o t bad bei ng ver y l i k e what we
c a l l cr eam- chees e.
Ref e r r i n g t o t h e pol i t i c a l and s t r a t e g i c i mpor t ance of ~ a f iristan,
Robert son r emar ks :
"Owing t o t h e c ompa r a t i ve s c a n t i n e s s o f its f ood s uppl i e s which
woul d be a l t o g e t h e r i n s u f f i c i e n t f o r a nyt hi ng more t han a very
mode r a t e a d d i t i o n t o its p r e s e n t popul at i on, ~ a f i r i s t a n could be
n e i t h e r r e i n f o r c e d t o any c ons i de r a bl e e x t e n t nor f o r any l engt h of
t i m e by an al l y, nor c oul d it l ong a f f o r d s us t e na nc e t o an enemy
numerous enough t o conquer it."
Cur r e nc y and meas ur es . Among t h e Kaf i r s t he ms e l ve s all busi ness is
d o n e by ba r t e r . A cow is a s t a n d a r d val ue bei ng r eckoned a t 20
Kabuli r u p e e s , a g o a t is t h r e e r u p e e s , and a s h e e p one. I t does not
n e c e s s a r i l y f ol l ow t h a t t h e s e ani mal s can be obt ai ned a t t h e prices
men t i oned .
Grai n and f l o u r are measur ed i n s hal l ow wi c ke r b a s k e t s f or whi ch
t h e r e a r e t h r e e pa r t i c ul a r s i z e s . Rough s c a l e s and we i ght s are in
common use, t h e usual wei ght s being a fragment of stone.
Cal endar . Th e Kafi r year , a t l e a s t i n t h e ~ a s h g u l , 1s di vi ded into
360 d a y s and mar ked by s p e c i a l f e s t i va l s . The f e s t i va l s ae l2 in
number and s t a r t wi t h Gi che, t h e f i r s t day of t h e new year= The
f ol l owi ng list g i v e s all t h e s e pa r t i c ul a r da ys and t h e dates On
whi ch t he y occur r ed in 1891:
Gi che J anuar y 16t h Di r an m y 9t h
Vi r on Febr uar y 3r d Gerdulow June 5t h
Taska Febr uar y 18t h P a t i l o June 30
Marnma March 8 t h Di zanedu ~ u l y 9t h
Duban March 1 9 t h
Munzilo ~ u g u s t l ' l t h
Azhi ndr a Apr i 1 4t h
Ni l u ~ e p t . 17t h
Af t er Nilu t h e r e is a l o n g i nt er val - - 120 d a y s , it is s ai d- - unt i l t h e
n e x t Gi che. For t h e p u r p o s e s o f t h e c a l e n d a r o n l y t h r e e s e a s o n s a r e
enumer at ed, namel y, Wazdar ( s ummer ) , Sh a r war ( aut umn) , a nd Zo war
( wi nt er ) , e a c h o f wh i c h is c o mp u t e d a t 120 d a y s .
In a d d i t i o n t o t h e h o l i d a y s g i v e n a b o v e t h e r e is a series o f we e k l y
r e s t da ys , o r s a b b a t h s , wh i c h o c c u r e v e r y S a t u r d a y d u r i n g t h e t i m e
f i e l d wor k is i n p r o g r e s s . T h e s e r e s t - d a y s a r e c a l l e d Agar s . I n 1 8 9 1
t h e f i r s t Agar was o n Ap r i l 3 r d , t h e l ast o n S e p t e mb e r 1 7 t h . (Ro-
e t t s o n , Barrow, Masson, Bi d d u l p h , Bel l e w, Lumsden. )
The above a r t i c l e h a s b e e n p r o d u c e d i n its e n t i r e t y f r om t h e t h i r d
(1895) e d i t i o n o f t h e Ga z e t t e e r , a s w e h a v e p r a c t i c a l l y no mor e
r e c e n t i nf or ma t i on o f a r e l i a b l e n a t u r e , and no Eur opean h a s v i s i t e d
t h e c o u n t r y s i n c e Si r Ge o r g e Robe r t s on. W e know, h o we v e r , t h a t i n
1895-96 t h e t h e n Ami r c onduc t e d a campai gn a ga i ns t t h e Kafi rs who u p
t o t h a t t i m e had b e e n v i r t u a l l y i n d e p e n d e n t o f Kabul. Th i s c a mpa i gn
is b r i e f l y r e f e r r e d t o i n " The L i f e o f Abdur Rahman", Vol. I, p a g e
290 t h u s : "In t h e wi n t e r o f 1895, t h e r e f o r e , o r d e r s were o n e d a y
i s s u e d f o r t h e f o u r c ol umns o f t h e army t o s u r r o u n d a nd si mul -
t aneous l y a t t a c k Kaf i r i s t a n f r om all d i r e c t i o n s . Th i s was s u c c e s s -
f ul l y a c c o mp l i s h e d , and wi t h i n f o r t y d a y s t h e wh o l e c o u n t r y o f
Kaf i r i s t an was c onque r e d. " Th e c o u n t r y is b e l i e v e d t o f or m now o n e
of t h e r e g u l a r l y a d mi n i s t e r e d d i s t r i c t s o f t h e Ka bul P r o v i n c e ,
t h o u g h t o wh a t e x t e n t t h e Ami r h a s r e a l l y c o n s o l i d a t e d
h i s a u t h o r i t y
t h e r e is n o t known. Af t e r t h e c o n c l u s i o n o f t h e c a mpa i gn j u s t r e f e r -
red t o many t hous a nds of Kafi rs were d e p o r t e d from t h e i r own count r y
and s e t t l e d i n t h e Koh Daman t o t h e n o r t h o f Kabul, wh e r e t h e y a r e
s ai d t o have b e e n g i v e n g r a n t s o f l a n d , etc. A l a r g e number o f t h e
i nha bi t a nt s a r e s a i d t o h a v e b e e n c o n v e r t e d , mor e o r less f o r c i b l y ,
t o t h e Muhammadan r e l i g i o n a t t h e same t i m e , b u t it is pr oba bl y o n l y
in t h e mor e we s t e r l y o f t h e i r v a l l e y s , wh e r e t h e y come mor e i n t o
c ont a c t wi t h t h e P r o p h e t a nd t h a t , i n t h e i n t e r i o r o f t h e c o u n t r y
t h e y still r e t a i n t h e i r p r i mi t i v e mo d e s o f wor s hi ps . "
In 1906 t h e Ami r re-named t h e c o u n t r y "Nur-ul-Islam" a nd o r d e r e d t h e
us e of t h e name " Kaf i r i s t an" t o b e d i s c o n t i n u e d .
KAFQUL
S d
34-29 67-13 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d on t h e Dara-i-Mur, ne a r t h e vi l -
l a ge of Sur k h s a n g i n Bamian pr ovi nc e .
*KAFSHANDAZ
;I &I&
34-52 68-3 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d n o r t h o f I r aq- i - Suf l a, on a t r i bu-
t ar y of t h e Ghor band r i v e r i n n o r t h e r n Gha z ni p r o v i n c e .
KAFTAR KHANA See ZARSANG
*KAFTAR KHANA &LA
33-48 69-3 m. A mount ai n l o c a t e d w e s t o f Al t amur on t h p r oa d f r om
Gar dez t o Kabul.
*KAFTAR KHANA KALA
uti C L .
35-9 67-54 G. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d a b o u t 20 m i l e s e a s t o f Sa i gha n i n
Bamian pr ovi nc e .
KAFZAR , I $
34-38 68-5. A p a s s o v e r t h e Koh-i-Baba, s o u t h o f t h e Haj i gak (see
"Kalu"). Th e t r a c k t o it is u n d e r s t o o d t o l e a v e t h e main r oa d a
l i t t l e b e l o w S i a h S a n g , a n d r e j o i n it a t S a r i c h a l , s o me 3 miles
beyond t h e crest o f t h e Haj i gak. (A.B.C.) Also see "Si ah Reg."
UGGA See KAJ A
KAHAN
. -
34-17 70-31 m. A vi l l a ge o f 400 hous e s , i n t h e Jalalabad di st ri ct ,
a bout 16 miles s o u t h e a s t o f Jal al abad. I B C Recent maps show
t h e name Kan. (LWA)
KAHAN-I-TAJIKI &b
34-17 70-30 A. A vi l l age i n t h e Hi sarak di vi s i on of t h e Jalalabad
d i s t r i c t . I nhabi t ant s : Taj i ks and Dehgans. Thi s vi l l age appears
t o be a l s o known a s Kahan-i-Dehgan. (Jenkyns. ) Recent maps show
t h e names Kan and Degan.
(LWA)
KAH DARA r,wd
34- 69-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Koh Daman of Kabul, 2 5 miles northwest
of ~ a b u l .
It is a l a r g e vi l l age, and ha s abundance of gar dens and
vi ne ya r ds , and is t h e c h i e f pl ace of a subdi vi si on. There is a
c ons i de r a bl y r i vul e t h e r e of t h e same name whi ch dr ai ns into a
l onge r t r i but a r y of t h e Panj s hi r r i ve r t o t h e e a s t .
~ u r i n g sale's ope r a t i ons i n t h e Kohi st an i n 1840, a par t y of 500
r e b e l s from t h i s pl a c e made a n i g h t a t t a c k on h i s camp a t Ak Sarai,
4 m i l e s d i s t a n t , b u t d i d little damage, and on h i s moving t o attack
t hem t h e vi l l age of Kah Dara was f ound evacuated--a circumstance
a t t r i but a bl e t o t h e c owa r di c e al one of t h e i nhabi t ant s, f or t he
pos i t i on is a ve r y s t r o n g one, and is t h u s de s c r i be d by an offi cer
who was pr esent :
"On exami ni ng t h e pos i t i on whi ch t h e enemy (800 or 1,000 in number)
had not ve nt ur e d t o d e f e n d , it became i mmedi at el y appar ent t hat
t h e i r want of c our a ge had s p a r e d us t h e l o s s of probably one half of
our men, t o say not hi ng of t h e pos s i bi l i t y of an unqual i f i ed defeat.
The d i f f i c u l t i e s p r e s e n t e d by t h e gr ound t o an enemy assailing t he
vi l l age c a nnot be a de qua t e l y de s c r i be d; vi neyar ds and gardens,
f or mi ng a s u c c e s s i o n of t e r r a c e s one above t h e o t h e r on t h e st eep
hi l l - si de, ga r de n wal l s wi t hout number, and trees of all sort s
c l os e l y pl ant ed, were obs t a c l e s t o be sur mount ed e r e t h e village
i t s e l f coul d be a t t a i n e d ; a nd t h e v i l l a g e was o f cons i der abl e
e x t e n t , cont ai ni ng about 800 f l at - r oof ed hous es , t h e s t r e e t s so
narrow t h a t onl y one hor seman coul d
p a s s t hr ough t h e be s t of them,
and onl y t wo o r t h r e e l a ne s gi vi ng e nt r a nc e from beyond t h e walls of
t h e pl ace, whi ch was bui l t on a s t e e p a s c e nt , hous e r i si ng above
hous e l i k e a s e r i e s of i r r e gul a r s t e p s . Had t h e enemy def ended t hi s
gr ound wi t h r e s ol ut i on, it was t h e opi ni on of some o f f i c e r s t hat i t
would have been s c a r c e l y pos s i bl e f o r us t o have car r i ed t he "11-
l age. The road pr oved t o be i mpr act i cabl e f o r guns , and t hat arm
coul d have gi ven but little a s s i s t a n c e t o t h e as s ai l ant s from any
pos i t i on t o whi ch it coul d have at t ai ned i n t h e c our s e of t h e morn-
ing." (Masson, Sale.)
W DARA
,,a 4 6
34- 6%-
A da r a whi ch d e s c e n d s e a s t from t h e Pag hman range and
l oi n8 t h e Shakar Dara near ~k Sarai. A road l e a ds up it t o t he
Kachan Kot al , 11 miles f r om ~ e h - i - ~ a o . Of t h i s r oad l i t t l e is
known, b u t see "Kachan." I t is s t a t e d t h a t t h e Amir has offi ci al l y
a l t e r e d t h e name o f t h e Kah Dara t o Gul Dara, i.e., " t he valley
r os e s . n (I.B.C.)
KAH I rub) d6
34-8 70-42 m.
A vi l l age and f o r t i f i e d cant onment , in t h e ~alalabad
d i s t r i c t , 9 miles s out h- s out hwe a t of Basawal.
The vi l l age conwins
a bout 150 f ami l i es of Shi nwar i s. here is a b z a r of about 15 shop8
i n t h e cant onment , and t h e ga t r i a on c ona i e t s of 2 squadr ons cavalry,
2 bat t al i ons i nf a nt r y, 14 mountain, 4 heavy, 3 q ~i c k - f i r i n g , and
machine guns, and 50 k hasadars.
Ther e a r e s e ve r a l good pe r e nni a l s p r i n g s i n t h e be d o f t h e nala,
oppos i t e t o t h e cant onment . I.B.C. Re c e nt maps s how t h e s pe l l i ng
Ka' i. (LWA)
33-8 68-2 m. A vi l l a ge near Amugai, a bout 2 m i l e s w e s t o f t h e
qalat-G hazni h i g h way.
34-29 70-3 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e Kabul r i ve r , on t h e r oad
from Jalalabad t o Kabul i n Laghman pr ovi nce.
*KAHKHANA
*L 4 6
34-42 68-12 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d c o r t h e a s t o f Haj i gak, on a t r i bu-
t ary of t h e Qol-i-Khesh.
*KAHMARD JJ
35-19 67-38. Kahmard is t h e name o f a wol es wal i i n t h e Bamian
provi nce. The wol eswal i c ompr i s e s an a r e a of 1, 640 s q u a r e kilom-
e t e r s and ha s an a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on whi ch h a s be e n var i ous l y
est i mat ed a t f r om 4,090 t o 4,725.
The wol eswal i is bounded i n t h e west by Yakowl ang, i n t h e n o r t h by
t h e pr ovi nc e s o f Samangan and Baghl an, i n t h e e a s t by Baghl an, i n
t h e s out h by Shi bar and i n t h e s o u t h we s t by Sai ghan.
Kahmard ha s a bout 23 vi l l a ge s of whi ch a bout 3 have more t h a n 500
i n h a b i t a n t s . T h e v i l l a g e s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f o l l o ws :
Andarab, Baj Gah, Pain Bagh, Darband Wa Tangi Muyak, Dara-i-Ajar,
Khargoshak, Deh Taj ek, Deh Myana, Ailaka-i-Ajar, Dodari, Dasht-i-
Saf i d, Do Shak h-i-Olang (Do Shak h) , Do Ab-i-Mik h-i-Zarin, As hpos ht a ,
Doraw, Sur kh Shar , Ruy Ghi nak wa Qag h u r (Ruy Sang) , Deh Khos hhal ,
Laghaki, Kaluch, Banaq, Lolunj, and Madar.
*UHU J
34-41 70-23 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a s t r eam r unni ng i n t o t h e
Alingar r i ver , s o u t h e a s t o f Gundalam.
KAILAGU 4 s
34-17 70-9 m. A vi l l a ge i n t h e ~a l a l a b a d d i s t r i c t , 1 3 m i l e s s out h-
West of Bawali and 6 1/2 m i l e s d u e s o u t h of For t Bat t ye, be l ongi ng
t o t h e Kharun s e c t i o n of Khugi ani s.
The haml et s compos i ng t h e vi l l age a r e e nc l os e d by wa l l s , wi t h
t ower s. A good d e a l of f r u i t is gr own, and si l k- wor ms a r e br e d i n
gr eat numbers on t h e mul ber r i es. Water from a r avi ne is good and
s uf f i c i e nt . Bhusa, r i ce- s t r aw, etc., a r e pr oc ur a bl e i n c ons i de r a bl y
quant i t i es. The r e a r e f i v e f ami l i es and a f ew Hindu s h o p k e e p e r s i n
t h e Place. (Massey, I.B.C.) Re c e nt maps s how t h e s pe l l i ng Ki l aghu.
(LWA)
KAIRAN DARA *,J "'A
35- 6%. A s m a l l val l ey t r a ve r s e d by t h e r oad be t we e n ~ a s h t - i -
Rewat and t h e Khawak pass, j u s t bef or e commencing t h e as cent of t h e
l a t e r . (I.B.C.)
RAITU A
33- 70-. The name gi ve n t o t h e l owe r por t i on o f t h e Shami l r i ve r
i n Khost. (I.B.C.) A vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 33-10
70-
33 A.
KAJ O r KAJJRUD (+A) 6
32-55 65-30 A. ( See mi l i t ar y Re por t on Hazarajat, Par t 11.)
A large
a f f l u e n t of t h e Helmand.
KAJA O r KAGGA 4
34- 70-. A vi l l age in t h e Khugi ani di vi s i on of t h e Jalalabad dis-
trict, 5 miles s o u t h e a s t of Nimla, I t is heal t hy, and a British
r e gi me nt was qua r t e r e d h e r e on t h a t a c c ount i n t h e summer of 1840.
I nha bi t a nt s Kharbun Khugi ani s, Bar akzai s, and 30 fami l i es of Hindus
( Si kh t r a de r s ) . I t c ont a i ns 400 hous e s , and t h e r e ar e 21 fort s
bel ongi ng t o it out s i de . (I.B.C.)
KAJAK See SAGPAR
KAJAK dJ
34- 67-. ( Se e ~ i i i t a r ~ Re p o r t on Ha z a r a j a t , Pa r t 11.) Three
vi l l a ge s i n t h e n o r t h we s t of t h e Besud count r y. A vi l l age with t hi s
name is l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Qol-i-Kesh, sout heast of
Dahan-i-Khakriz, a t 34-41 68-25 m. Anot her vi l l age with t hi s name
is about 12 miles n o r t h we s t of Mashak, a t 34-29
67-30 G.
*KAJAKI &
34-54 68-21 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Ghorband,
s o u t h o f Dahan-i-Botian.
KAJ AK TALKHAK &&
34- 67-. ( See Mi l i t a r y Report on Haxar aj at , Pa r t 11. )
* KA JALAK &J
34-3 67-3 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d near Qolak, on a t r i but ar y of t he
Helmand r i ve r i n s o u t h e r n Bamian pr ovi nce.
KA J AO > . LS
34-13 68-5 G. A vi l l age in t h e Kajao valley. Ther e is said t o be a
company of i nf a nt r y s t a t i one d her e. (Wanliss.) A stream with t hi s
name is l oc a t e d a t 34-5 68-32 A. ( LWA)
KAJAO (VALLEY)
, 'J
34- 67-. I n f o r ma t i o n r e g a r d i n g t h e Kajao va l l e y i s still very
meagr e, and what little can h e r e be sai d about it is mainly t he
outcome of a reconnaissance made by a Native of f i cer who accompanied
Mr. Dobbs and Major Wanliss on t h e i r j our ney from Herat t o ~ndi a,
via Kabul, i n 1904, ampl i f i ed by t h e r e s u l t s of per sonal enquiries
made by Major Wanliss hms el f .
The Kajao is a t r i but a r y of t h e Logar r i ve r and r i s e s somewhere in
t h e Sang-i-Shanda r ange. I t f l ows a t f i r s t e a s t and t he n northeast
al most t o t h e f o o t of t h e Koh- i - ~al andar (a peak in t h e ~ul and-i -
Quash r a nge n o r t h e a s t of Badasi a); it t h e n s we e p s away to t he
s o u t h , and s o u t h e a s t , event ual l y uni t i ng wi t h t h e Khawas stream some
d i s t a n c e above t h e j unct i on wi t h t h e l a t t e r of t h e Barikao, these
t h r e e s t r e a ms t o g e t h e r goi ng t o make up t h e Logar r i ver .
Th e va l l e y, wh e r e s e e n by t h e r e c o n n o i t r e r ( i . . , e a s t of t he
Buland-i-Qash from Badasi a) , i s r i c hl y cul t i vat ed and f ul l of vil-
l a g e s s ur r ounde d by t r e e s . The vi l l age o f Kara Katta i s si t uat ed
t h e Kajao val l ey. ( See a l s o Military Repor t on ~ a z a r a j a t , Part Ira)
JJ
KA JGAL
34-57 71-6 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed on a t r i but ar y of t h e Kunar, north-
west of Asadabad ( Chi gha Sarai) i n Kunar pr ovi nce.
*KAJI c7'
34-35 67-29 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e Dara-i -Shorshori , a t t h e
s out her n f o o t of t h e Kuh-i-Baba r ange.
*KAJIR GHAR
j rrS
33-2 68-35 m.
A mount ai n l oc a t e d s o u t h we s t of Yusuf Khel i n Ghazni
province.
*KAJIR KALAI 4 4
33-21 69-57 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a f e w m i l e s n o r t h e a s t of Matun
(Khost ) i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
KAJKAMAR Or KAMARZARD
( *JJ,J) J $
35-23 67-15 G. A h i g h r a nge of hi l l s whi ch r u n s e a s t and w e s t and
forms t h e wa t e r s he d be t we e n t h e dr a i na ge goi ng e a s t t o t h e Kamard
st ream, and f l owi ng n o r t h t h r o u g h Walishan t o Dara Yusuf and t h e
Band-i-Amir r i ver . It may b e c o n s i d e r e d t h e we s t e r l y c ont i nua t i on o f
t h e Kara Kotal r a nge , and is p a r t of t h e same wa t e r s he d. I t is t h e
boundary bet ween t h e Yak Walang di s t r i c t of Bamian, which bel ongs t o
t h e Kabul pr ovi nce, and t h e Walishan d i s t r i c t of Dara Yus uf , whi c h
is pa r t of Af ghan Tur ki s t an. To t h e w e s t o f t h e Dandan Shi kan Kot al
t h e r a n g e ri ses t o a g r e a t h e i g h t , a nd is c a l l e d Koh- i - Hazar
Chashma. I t b e n d s s o u t h we s t , and t h e n s o u t h , e nc l os i ng a l l t h e
Kamard dr ai nage. On t h e s l o p e s of t h e s e mount ai ns a r e many s p r i n g s
and much g r a s s i n summer. They a r e r e s o r t e d t o by nomads f o r gr az-
ing par t i cul ar l y, it is s a i d, by Fi r oz kohi s , who a r e of l a wl e s s
char act er , and make t h e r oad u n s a f e f o r smal l pa r t i e s . Chashma
Duzdan, a s t h e name i mpl i e s is not e d f o r t h e r o b b e r i e s t h a t have
t aken pl ace i n its ne i ghbour hood. (A.B.C.)
*KAJKOL JW
34-11 67-57 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d near Sar-i-Tob, s o u t h e a s t of
Behsud i n Bamian pr ovi nce.
KAJURAI &A
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge in t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t , a bout 1 m i l e from
t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Kabul r i ve r , o p p o s i t e t h e j unct i on wi t h t h e
l a t t e r of t h e Alingar. 1t is 14 miles from Jal al abad and c ont a i ns
about 200 hous e s , wi t h a good de a l of cul t i vat i on. Lar ge q u a n t i t i e s
of s u p p l i e s can be obt ai ned form t h e Al i ngar val l ey, t h e Kabul r i ve r
being c r o s s e d on r a f t s . (I.B.C.)
*KAKA CHI NA +? Jd
33-51 68-42 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d w e s t of t h e ~ h a z n i - ~ a b u l r oad,
about 6 m i l e s e a s t o f Haf t asi a.
34- 70-. A vi l a ge in Laghman, on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Kabul
r i ver , 1 1/2 miles s o u t h e a s t o f Urmur. I t be l onge d t o I smat ul l a
Khan, Jabar Khel Ghi l zai . (Warburton. ) Recent maps s how t h e s pe l -
l i ng Kah Katz (Kac) a t 34-30 70-3 m. (LWA)
mKA KHEL
&UrS
34- 70-. A vi l l age i n t h e Sur kha b di vi s i on of t h e Jal al abad di s -
t r i c t , s i t ua t e d on t h e l e f t bank o f t h e Sur kha b r i ve r , o p p o s i t e
Barha. I nhabi t ant s: Ghi l zai s. ( Jen kyns. )
'KAKAI P
32-50 68-41 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d e a s t of Zar ghun Sha hr and s o u t h e a s t
Of Yahyak he1 i n e a s t e r n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
*KAKAL
Jt
34-52 69-11 m.
A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e Kabul-Charikar highway
n o r t h e a s t of I s t a l i f .
*KAKAR st
32-3 68-57 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a st r eam, some s i x miles east of
Mamai i n s o u t h e a s t e r n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
*KAKARA 4
32-58 68-8 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d about one mile sout hwest of
Saki k he1 i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
*KAKAR KALAI 4
32-4 68-7 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d near Abdullah Kala, sout hwest of
Wazak h wa in G hazni province.
*KAKRAK dl$
34-48 67-50 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on t h e Dara-i-Kakrak, about two
miles s o u t h of Bamian.
KAKRAK d p
33-21 68-25 A. A gl e n i n t h e J a gha t u Hazara count r y. (See Military
Re por t on Hazarajat, Par t 11.) Ot her pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name are
l oc a t e d a t 33-26 68-15 G and 33-21 68-24 G. (LWA)
+ KALA
x
34-32 67-26 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d near t h e Dara-i-Shorshori, south-
west o f Ghar ghar a i n Bamian pr ovi nce. Ot her pl aces with t hi s name
a r e l oc a t e d near Ka wras, s o u t h of t h e Kuh-i-Baba r ange, a t 34-33 67-
1 8 m.; nor t h of t h e Band-i-Zirtak and s o u t h of t h e Band-i-Takhak, at
34-13 67-2 m.; a f e w miles s o u t h of Darazqol, a t 34-19 67-2 m.; on a
t ri but ary of t h e Ghorband, nor t heast of t h e ~uh-i-Khushkak in Parwan
pr ovi nce, a t 34-58 68-58 m.; some miles e a s t of Arghandeh on the
r oad t o Kabul, a bout 1 3 miles from t h e l a t t e r , a t 34-29 68-59 m-;
n o r t h we s t of Naser on a pat h t o ~ o y Dergai in s out hwe s t Laghman
pr ovi nce, a t 34-25 69-58 m.; a bout 6 m i l e s west of Khak-i-Jabar on a
pa t h l e a di ng t o Kabul, a t 34-25 69-21 m.; nor t hwe s t of Chigha Sarai
(Asadabad) and e a s t of Katar i n Kunar pr ovi nce, 34-58 71-7 m.; near
Kal akhel , about 5 miles s o u t h we s t o f Barlak in Ghazni province, at
32-39 68-25 m.; and about 2 miles e a s t of Khenkai and 3 miles north
o f Mamai in s o u t h e r n Ghazni pr ovi nce, a t 32-4 68-49 m.
KALACHA
( LC$) 4
34- 69-. An i r r e gul a r s ha pe d vi l l age 2-1/2 miles from t he Bala
Hisar, on t h e e a s t s i d e of t h e ~a bul - Cha r a s i a road. Frontage of
v i l l a g e 150 y a r d s . I n h a b i t a n t s : Ghi l zai s. (Kennedy.) Another
pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is on t h e Tagab r i ver , about 10 miles north of
Tagab i n Kapisa pr ovi nce, a t 34-59 69-35 m. (LWA)
YY
KALACHA
-. -
34- 66-
A gl e n in t h e Dai Zangi Hanara count r y draining south
i n t o t h e La l val l ey. I t is c r o s s e d by t h e main itabul-lazarajat-
Daulat Yar r oad about 3 miles above its j unct i on with t h e Lal, at
about 24 1/2 miles e a s t of ~ a u l a t Yar. Down t h i s gl en r uns a track
whi ch, c r o s s i n g t h e La1 val l ey and goi ng over t h e gsnd-i-Doakanl
l e a d s t o Shi ni a Takht . (wanlis..)
Anot her pl ace wi t h t h i s name is
a t 35-30 67-43 A. (LWA)
r;ir -35
~LACHA-I-SOKHTA
35- 69-. A vi l l a ge e a s t of Char i kar , i nha bi t e d by 100 Tajik fami-
lies. ( Shahzada Taimus, f r om na t i ve i n ormation. )
* KALAGAI
P
34-14 69-58 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Sur kha b
r i ver in t h e Gandomak ar ea. Anot her pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is l o c a t e d
on t h e Kunar r i ve r , s o u t h we s t o f Kauz Kunar ( Shi wa) i n Nangar har
pr ovi nce, a t 34-33 70-34 m.
KALAGU Or KOLALGU
w
33-27 68-53 m. A v i l l a s e i n Zurmat on t h e r oad l e a di ng from Ga r de z -.
t o Ghazni. I t h a s 106 h o u s e s i nha bi t e d mainly by ~ a j i k s , and is
s i t uat ed about 30 m i l e s s o u t h e a s t o f Ghazni . ( Br oadf oot , I.B.C.)
*KALAI 4
34-46 70-22 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d near Aramkhel , on a t r i but a r y of
t h e Alingar r i ve r i n Lag hman pr ovi nce. Ot he r pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name
a r e l o c a t e d a b o u t 4 miles n o r t h w e s t o f Di l a a nd s o u t h w e s t o f
Khoshamand i n Ghazni pr ovi nc e , a t 32-38 68-1 m.; some 14 m i l e s s o u t h
of Omna and s o u t h w e s t o f Sa yyi dkhe l i n we s t e r n Pakt i a pr ovi nc e , a t
32-40 68-45 m.
KALA-I
di
Pl aces t h e names of whi ch be gi n wi t h t h e word Kala f ol l owe d by t h e
Persi an i z a f a t , a r e d e s c r i b e d unde r t h e s e c ond word o f t h e i r d e s i g -
nat i ons.
KALAJAT &%
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Kot di vi s i on o f t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t ,
about 1/2 m i l e nor t h o f Kala-i-Saadatmand. I n habi t ant s : Ti r ai s.
(Jenkyns . )
KALAJAT-I-SHINWARI
*\+d+%
A vi l l age in t h e Mohmand Dara di vi s i on o f t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t .
I nhabi t ant s Shi n war i s. ( Jenk yns.)
MLAJAT-I-WAHAB KHAN oli+b,c;bYS
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Chapr i ar di vi s i on of t h e Jalalabad di s -
trict, i ncl udi ng Kala-i-Shah Pasand Khan and Kala-i-Miangan. I nhab-
i t ant s: Barak zai s and Mian Khel s. ( Jen kyns. )
t~~~~~~ u db
34-47 69-9 m. Kalakan is a vi l l age and an al aqadar i i n Kabul pr ov-
ince. The al aqadar i c ompr i s e s an a r e a of 42 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s and
has an a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on t h a t ha s been e s t i ma t e d a t from 9,198
t o 19,490. The al aqadar i is bounded i n t h e west by I s t a l e f , i n t h e
nor t h by Qara Bagh, i n t h e e a s t by Deh Sabz and i n t h e s o u t h by Mir
Bachakot. Kalakan i n c l u d e s a bout 24 vi l l a ge s , o f whi ch a bout 10
have more t han 500 i nha bi t a nt s . The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d in t h e PG
as f ol l ows: Zema, Qu c h i (Kochi ), 0bai d ul l ah (Ebad ul ah) , Kalakan,
Karendah, Mushwani Suf l a, Sof i an Karenda, Buy Naqara, Cha r t ut , Agha
Seraif Bazari, Qal a- i - ~h waja, Qalam C haq, Qala-i-Perak, Qala-i-Ahmad
Khan, Dubari, Baposh, Qala-i-Farhad, Joybar, ~ u s h w a n i Ulya, Qala-i-
Pak hchak, Sadbad, ~ u g h u l Beg, Qanat-i-Sadat, s an at-i-~hudi Nazar and
Joy Shadi .
*KALAKHEL &%
33-16 68-17 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on t h e Qalat-Ghazni highway, about
20 miles s o u t h we s t of Ghazni. Ot her pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name are
l oc a t e d some 8 m i l e s s o u t h of J a ni khe l i n Ghazni pr ovi nce, a t 32-39
68-25 m., and a bout 8 miles s o u t h e a s t of Zar ghun Shahr in Ghazni
pr ovi nce, a t 32-43 68-31 m.
KALA KOT 4%
34-35 70-13 m. A vi l l a ge in Laghman, on t h e r i g h t bank of the
Al i ngar r i ve r , 1 m i l e s o u t h o f Haidar Khani. It is composed of t he
f 0110 wing haml et s, al l i nha bi t e d by Deh gans:
(1) Kohna Kala Kot
( 2) Deh-i-Kazian
( 3) Massi Khel
( 4 ) Zi ar at - i - Chi l ga z i Baba
( 5) Banda-i-Akhunzadagan. (Warburton.)
The vi l l age is about 3 m i l e s s o u t h of Mandarawur. ( LWA)
KALAN 3
rS
One o f t h e f o u r v a l l e y s o f Ni j r ao, i n h a b i t e d by "Pas hai s " and
Taj i ks. ( Leech .)
KALAN 3
rS
33-44 68-54 G. The kot a l of t h i s name f or ms one of t h e main routes
from Cha r kh t o Kharwar. From Char kh t h e road r uns along t h e ri ght
bank of t h e r i ve r , gr adual l y a s c e ndi ng t o a ver y narrow defi l e,
t h r o u g h whi ch t h e Kalan st r eam comes. Thi s r avi ne f or ms really t he
onl y bad p a r t of t h e r out e. The r e a ppe a r t o be t h r e e kot al s: t hat
t o west is t h e Maulana (9, 1401), t h e c e n t r e one is t h e principal
r o u t e (8, 9701), t h e e a s t e r n one is an a l t e r na t i ve branch t o the
c e n t r e kot a l (9, 020' ). Prom t h e t o p of any of t h e s e t hr e e kotals
t h e r oad t o Muchi Khel is ve r y good and easy. (Griesbach. )
KALANDAR
J&
A main s e c t i o n of t h e J a g h o r i Hazaras. ( See Military Report on
Ha z a r a j a t , P a r t 11.)
*KALANDAR
J&
33-31 69-41. Kalandar is an al aqadar i in Pakt i a province. The
al aqadar i c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 1 5 1 s qua r e ki l omet er s and has an
a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on t h a t ha s been es t i mat ed a t from 1,793 to
4,122. The al aqadar i is bounded i n t h e nor t h, west, and eas t by
Musa Khel, and i n t h e s out h by Jadr an and Nadir Shah Kot. Kalandar
ha s some 22 vi l l ages , one of whi ch ha s more t han 500 inhabitants*
The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d in t h e PG a s f ol l ows: host Maga (Rhost
Mela), Surunai , Mala wgai, Tor Shar ah, Aligah, Asman Kot (Sulaiman
Kot), Bigalai, Mazari Darah (Faraye Darah) , Mashal ( Mul ) , LandaYt
Warag ha, Punga, Gusnai, St ar ~ o t , Landar,
Shi n kay, ~ a r wi s h i , Kam-
rant Qarya-i-Manah. Miya Khel, Kotkai, Shar i f i , Rez, Meni Khel and
Khanag i .
J d
KA LANDAR
34-28 69-9.
A vi l l age in t h e Char deh val l ey of Kabul, on t h e l ef t
bank of t h e r i ver , be t we e n it and Deh-i-Dana. bout 40 housest
I n h a b i t a n t s : ~ a j i k s . (I.B.C.)
J d
KALANDAR
A l a r g e s e c t i on of t h e Pas-i- oh Hazaras.
( See Military Report On
Ha z a r a j a t , Pa r t 11.)
KALANDARAN
\ &
3 J
34- 66-. A v i l l a g e i n Yak Walang, a f e w m i l e s w e s t o f Fi r ozbahar ,
near t h e mout h o f t h e Kal andaran Tagao, i.e., t h e l o we r p a r t of t h e
Zari gl en. Th i r t y h o u s e s . (Maitland .)
*KALANDAR GHAR
i ~ h
33-30 69-37 m. A mount ai n l o c a t e d s o u t h we s t o f Zur kot i n Pakt i a
pr ovi nce. Nearby is a s t r e a m wi t h t h e same name, a t 33-29 69-44 m.
*KALANDAR KHEL
Jr,b
33-34 68-14 m. A vi l l a ge l c o a t e d on a p a t h r unni ng w e s t f r om Ghazni
t o Babur on t h e Dara-i-Yusuf, a b o u t 1 0 miles w e s t o f Ghazni .
KALANDAR KHEL
32-41 68-19 m. A Sulaiman Khel Ghi l zai Vi l l age i n Katawaz. The
vi l l age is a b o u t 5 miles e a s t o f Khushamand i n Ghazni pr ovi nc e .
( LWA 1
KALAN DEH
r 3%
( See Mi l i t ary Re p o r t on Hazar aj at , Pa r t 11.) A p l a c e i n t h e Besud
Hazara count r y. Two v i l l a g e s wi t h t h i s name a r e l o c a t e d a t 34-24
67-50 G. and 33-13 67-41 G. (LWA)
KALANGAR See KULANGAR J Ed
KALANZAI
LS~;%
A s e c t i o n o f t h e Pol ada Hazar as o f Uj ar i st an. ( See Mi l i t ary Re p o r t
on Hazaraj at , Pa r t 11.)
KALAO >%
34- 70-. A s m a l l vi l l a ge in t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t , a bout 1 m i l e
e a s t of Pe s h Bol ak, and s e p a r a t e d t h e r e f r o m by a l a r g e nal a r unni ng
t o wa r d s t h e n o r t h . On t h e r i g h t bank of t h i s nala is a s m a l l p o s t
hel d by 2 compani es o f i n f a n t r y and 50 s owa r s . (I.B.C.)
KALAT
G%
35-20 69-30. A vi l l a ge in t h e Par andev Dara, a bout 1 m i l e a bove its
j unct i on wi t h t h e Panj s hi r . I t c ont a i ns some 1 0 f ami l i es o f Taj i ks.
I. B. C. Ot he r p l a c e s wi t h t h i s name a r e l o c a t e d a t 32-0 67-15, 32-
7 66-54 A., 35-8 67-55 G., and 34-9 67-7 m. (LWA)
KALATAK See NOACH
KALBI SAT O r KHULBESAT
G-
33-29 70-0 m. A vi l l a ge i n Khos t , b e t we e n Bak and Khubi , t o wa r d s
Matun. (Carr.)
KAtMANAI d
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge 33 miles from Jal al abad, on t h e Kunar r i v e r ,
c o n s i s t i n g o f 36 h o u s e s o f Taj i ks. (Leech. )
d i . j . 6
KALTAGARAI See KALTARAGHA
MLTARAGHA Or KALTAGARAI, QATRAGHAI .p r j J l
34-17 70-31 m. A g r o u p o f haml et s , cont ai ni ng some 200 h o u s e s i n
al l , about 16 miles s o u t h e a s t o f Jal al abad. I nha bi t a nt s : Taj i ks.
( 1 .B.C.)
KALTARI d
35- 69-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Par andev Dara a bout 4 m i l e s a b o v e its
j unct i on wi t h t h e Panj shi r . I t c ont a i ns some 10 f ami l i es of Tajiks.
(I.B.C.)
KALTARI d
35- 69-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Par andev Dara about 4 miles above its
j unct i on wi t h t h e Panj shi r . I t c ont a i ns some 10 fami l i es of Tajiks.
( I .B.C.)
KALU
AS
34-39 68-3 A.
A g l e n r unni ng down nor t h war ds from t h e Hajigak pass
t o t h e Bamian val l ey, de bouc hi ng i n t o t h e l a t t e r near Zohak, about
17-1/2 m i l e s from t h e t o p of t h e Haj i gak pass. I t f or ms a subdis-
trict of Bamian. The main Kabul-Bamian r oad r uns down t h e glen from
t h e Hajigak p a s s t o Gumbat, 6-1/4 miles; it t h e n l eaves t he Kalu
gl e n and c r o s s e s t h e Panj f i l an Kotal i n t o a not he r gl en which joins
t h e Bamian v a l l e y a t Kala To p c h i . An o t h e r mor e d i f f i c u l t road
cont i nues down t h e Kalu gl en t o Zohak.
The Kalu st r eam a t its j unct i on wi t h t h e Bamian val l ey is a rapid
mountain t or r e nt , 20 f e e t wi de and 1 f o o t de e p. I t s bed is stony
and it is s h u t i n by h i g h hi l l s on e i t h e r s i de .
The gl e n c ont a i ns a l t o g e t h e r a bout 115 f ami l i es of Darghan Hazaras.
Fai r l y good campi ng g r o u n d s are s ai d t o exi st from Gumbat upwards;
s u p p l i e s a r e pr obabl y avai l abl e i n s ma l l q u a n t i t i e s f r om hamlets
s c a t t e r e d up and down t h e gl en; wat er is abundant and firewood
pr obabl y s u f f i c i e n t f o r c ooki ng pur pos e s . The l ower par t of t he
Kalu gl en, from Gumbat t o Zohak, is a l s o known a s Pai ~ u r i . ( ~mi r
Khan.) Al so a v i l l a g e .
KAM
The c h i e f t r i b e of t h e Si a hpos h Kaf i r s, See "Kafiristan." A dl-
l a g e wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d 35-16 71-24 G. (LWA)
KAM t
Many of t h e names of t h e s ubdi vi s i ons of t h e Dai Zangis ar e prefi xed
by "Kam-i". Kam is unde r s t ood t o be t h e same a s "Kaum," a tribal
di vi s i on, pr onounced in Hazara f a s hi on, a s bam i s always pronounced
bum.
KAMA
34-25 70-38. Kama is a vi l l age and wol eswal i in Nangarhar province.
The w0leswal.i c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 174 s qua r e ki l omet er s and has an
a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on t h a t ha s been es t i mat ed a t from 14,897 t o
27,610. The wol eswal i is bounded i n t h e west by Surkhrud and
*e hs ud, i n t h e nor t h by Kauz Konar and ~ u r ~ u l , in t h e east by
Gos ht a Khwaja Lemar and i n t h e s o u t h by Bati ~ o t and Rodat. Kama
h a s about 46 vi l l ages , 12 of whi ch have more t han 500 inhabitants-
The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows: Sangar Saray, Sangart
Mus t A l i , Guj , Dar bang, Kakal Wa Baj awr i , Landah Buch, ~a d a - i -
Ab d u h j a n , Sa f da r i ( Saf dar ah) , Bazid Khel, Khakhi ( Shai khi ) , Chuna
Kach, Jamdi , Deh Taher , Kandahari, Mama Khel, ~andak- ~ama- Khel ,
Mirzai, Deh Ghazi , Zar shoye, Mirza Khel, Shi r Garr, Shi r Garr ~ b d u l
Jalal, Shi r Garr-Gul Mohd., Shilam Khanaha, Gahi k, Jama Mohd. -~iddiq
Khan, Kama-i-Khass, Shilam Ulya (Rayat i ), Gerdab, Zakhel. ~ a l a - ~ -
A k hund, Warasti-i-Faqir-Khan Saheb, Nau Abad, Bela Yari, ~ u n d i h ~ t
Kundi, Sada-i-Shir A l i Khan, Arbapan, Dar Gul-i-Ulya, Deh Gan, Dar
Gul-i-Su f l a , Qal a- i - Sar dar ( Sa r da r a n) , ~ a l a - i - Sa r d a r Fat e h Nohd*
Khan, Kundi Mir Lalan, Pi r Zai, Khair Zai, Katar Khel, and t4.U Khe1
(LWA). In 1914 t h e ar ea was de s c r i be d a s f ol l ows:
A subdi vi si on
t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t , l yi ng t o t h e nor t h of the Kabul ri ver and
e a s t of t h e Kunar r i ver , and e x t e n d i n g e a s t wa r ds a s f ar a s Chiknaur*
The i nhabi t ant s a r e Mohmands, but t h e t e r r i t o r y c ont a i ns many s m a l l
communi t i es o f v a r i o u s r a c e s , s u c h a s Ar abs, De hga ns , Ta j i k s ,
Sayyi ds, Pi r achas, Hi ndki s, Lodi ns, etc.
The f ol l owi ng is a list of t h e vi l l ages i n t h i s s ubdi vi s i on, a s
drawn up by Jenkyns in 1879:
V i l l a g e
Deh-i-Ghazi
Mast A l i
Kala-i-Akhun
Fat eh Khan
Haj i Nazar
Mamakhel
Bazi dkhel
Bar agal i
Shahalam-i-Afghani
Land abuch
Mir Abdulla
Mir Khwaja Jan
Kandahari
Mir Lala
Deh-i-Tahir
Sangai Sa r a i
Gahik
Muhamad Sadi k Khan
Shahalam-i-Tajiki
Mayar-i-Akbar Khan
Shergarh
Saf edbi ni
Kama Yamin
Sada-i-Ghulam Jan
Zarshoi-i-Arbabha
Nawa j i
Zar shoi - i - Jal al uddi n Khan
Zul f i kar Khan
G i rdao
Goshta
Khwai z a i
Chiknaur
Guch
Mi rzai
Shai kh Misar
I nha bi t a nt s
Arabs, S a f i s
Dehgans, Hi ndki s
Mohmands, etc.
Hi ndki s, Dehgans, etc.
Lod i n s
Mohmands , Wardaks
Di t t o Di t t o
Ta j i ks , Dehgans
Mohmands
Arabs, Pi r achas , etc.
Lodins
Sai yi ds
Lod i n s
Sa i yi ds
Dehgans
Pi r achas
Mohmands
Hi ndki s, Ta j i ks
Taj i k s
Mohmands
Hi ndki s, Arabs, etc.
Mohmand s
Di t t o
Sa i yi ds
Mughals
Sa i yi ds
Hindkis, Arabs, etc.
3
Mohmands
Di t t o
Di t t o
Di t t o
Sai yi ds , Wardaks
Ghi l z a i s , etc.
Sahi bzadas
*KAMA DAKA J a a
34-13 71-3 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed a t t h e nor t he r n bend of t h e Kabul
ri ver, near t h e Paki st an f r ont i e r i n Nangarhar pr ovi nce.
KAMAH (Or KAMAR) BIDA Or WERAN
\ + 4.6
35-13 70-51 G. El evat i on 15,500 f e e t . A pa s s l eadi ng from t h e head
of t h e Virun ( Pr esun, or Pech) val l ey, i n Kaf i r i st an i nt o t h e Minjan
valley, in Badakhshan. Ther e is a s m a l l ci r cul ar l ake, 80 ya r ds in
diameter, on t h e s out he r n s i d e of t h e pas s , about 2 miles from t h e
s ummi t . The p a s s is pr act i cabl e f o r l aden mules, and is much us ed
by t r ader s . Ther e is a f o r c e of 200 khas adar s s t a t i one d near t h i s
Pass. From t h e l a ke a s m a l l st r eam f l ows i nt o t h e Pech j u s t below
Sht evi . (I.B.c.)
KAHA-I-YAMIN &A 8.6
34- 70-. A vi l l age i n t h e Kama di vi si on of t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t .
Inhabi t ant s: Mohmand s. ( J e n kyns.)
*KAMA JARKANA 4+J
33-4 68-30 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d about 2 m i l e s s out h of Jarkana and
north-north west of Yusuf k he1 i n e a s t e r n G hazni pr ovi nce.
KAMAL KHEL &JLf
34-8 70-36 G. A vi l l age in t h e Kot di vi s i on of t h e Jalalabad dis-
trict, a bout 8 m i l e s s o u t h we s t of Bat i kot . I nhabi t ant s: Tirais.
(Jenkyns. )
*KAMAL KHEL &JU
34-5 69-3 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e Logar r i ver , about 2 miles
s o u t h of Kolangar i n Logar pr ovi nce.
KAMAL KHEL
A d i v i s i o n of t he Mangal t r i b e ; see Mangal.
KAMA L PU R *JLf
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge i n Laghman, on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Alingar
s t r eam, j u s t above its j unct i on wi t h t h e Al i shang. It c ons i s t s of 2
haml et s oc c upi e d by Jabar Khel Ghi l zai s. (Warburton.)
' KAMALUDD IN KHEL
& aJ\ JLS
32-51 68-31 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d about 3 miles e a s t of Khairkot
(Zarg hun Shahr ) i n t h e Katawaz ar ea.
KAMA ND I d d
34-52 68-3. A narrow t a ngi on t h e st r eam r unni ng nor t hwar ds from
t h e Irak p a s s t o t h e Bulola Dara, about 1/2 m i l e above its junction
wi t h t h e l a t t e r . The t a ngi is s h o r t but ver y narrow, t h e stream
bei ng c onf i ne d be t we e n t wo r oc ky c l i f f s onl y 10 f e e t apart . The
c l i f f on t h e l e f t bank is of g r e a t h e i g h t but t h a t on t h e r i ght bank
is onl y a bout 100 f e e t hi gh, bei ng a s p u r pr oj ect i ng from t he main
hi l l . The r oad from t h e Ghorband val l ey t o t h e Kashka Kotal leads
over t h i s s pur by a s t e e p and dangerous t rack, which is however said
t o be pr act i cabl e f o r hi l l camel s. In Oct ober , 1886, l a r ge gangs of
men were a t work on t h i s b i t of t h e road s o it may now be l ess
d i f f i c u l t . (A.B.C.)
*KAMAo J lS
34-23 68-1 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d near Shi ka in Maidan province.
* KAMAR
J
33-59 68-2 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d about one m i l e nor t h of Naoqala on
t h e Okak st r eam i n nor t he r n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
KAMAR BIDA See KAMAH BIDA
L A
I
KAMAR I
cCr)
34-29 69-17 m. A c ol l e c t i on of 3 h a ml e t s in t h e Kabul di s t r i ct , O n
t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Logar r i ve r , o p p o s i t e ~ a g r a mi , and about 314
m i l e d i s t a n t f r o m t h a t v i l l a g e . ~ n h a b i t a n t s : ~ a r s i w a n s *
(Kennedy. )
KAMARZARD See KA JKAMAR
~i A
W A R ALI >d
A s e c t i on of t h e Besud Hazara.
( See Military Repor t on ~ a l a r a j a ~ f
P a r t 11.)
KAMBO
4
34-12 70-13 G. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d a bout 16 miles s o u t h e a s t o f Nimla
in t h e Khugi ani ar ea.
KAMBO KHWAR ,'+ J
34-17 70-16 m. A t r i b u t a r y o f t h e Kabul r i ve r , r i s i n g i n t h e n o r t h -
er n s l o p e s of t h e Sa f e d Koh and j oi ni ng t h e Kabul r i v e r i n t h e
nei g hbour hood o f Jal al abad. (I.B.C.)
KAMCHAK &
A vi l l age or v i l l a g e s i n t h e Ghor band d i s t r i c t , p a s s e d on t h e r oad
l eadi ng u p t o t h e Cha ha r da r pa s s . Th r e e h u n d r e d t o 400 h o u s e s o f
Taj i ks and Af g h a n s (Drummound.)
KAMDESH (-34) d~~
35-24 71-20 m. Kamdesh is a wol es wal i i n Nangar har pr ovi nce. The
wol eswal i c o mp r i s e s an a r e a o f 1, 744 s q u a r e k i l o me t e r s and h a s an
a gr i c ul t ur a l popul a t i on t h a t h a s be e n e s t i ma t e d a t f r om 5, 360 t o
7,670. The wol es wal i is bounde d i n t h e w e s t by Chapa Dara, i n t h e
s o u t h by Pe c h , Naray, and Bar Konar, i n t h e n o r t h by Bar gey Matal,
and in t h e e a s t by t h e St a t e o f Paki s t an. Kamdesh h a s a b o u t 27
vi l l ages, none o f whi c h h a s mor e t h a n 500 i n h a b i t a n t s . The v i l l a g e s
a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows : Kamdesh, Bala Deh-i-Kamdesh, Payan
Deh-i-Kamdesh, Pa pr e s t a n, Jamjoz, Banoz, Ke s ht wa r ( Ke s h t o z ) , Dagr o
(Agro), Ormar, Mandgar, Mandagul-i-Sufla, C h a r s o k o (C h a s k o) , Bar
Madangar , Bar mandagul - i - Ul ya, ~ i l o k ( Pa pr ok) , Pul-i-Rustam, Mahr
Des h, Kamar (Kamo), S h a wi t ( S a r i t ) , P a t i g u l , Baz Gul , Ko d p e s h
(Gawhar Desh) , Gawhardesh-i -Hawl a, Khomar Gul (Khomari Gul ), Qala-i-
Koti (Kotya), Darin, Akat s i , Nan Gul, Chenar Khor, Tang Bandah, and
Arsan. (LWA). In 1914 t h e a r e a was d e s c r i b e d a s f ol l ows : El evat i on
6,020 f e e t . The c h i e f vi l l a ge and t h e t r i b a l h e a d q u a r t e r s o f t h e
Kam Kaf i r s. I t is h i g h u p on a g r e a t s p u r whi c h r u n s down i n an
undul at i ng manner f r om t h e Arakon r a nge , 4 miles t o t h e s o u t h o f t h e
vi l l age, and whi ch is bounde d on one s i d e by t h e Ni c hi ngul and on
t h e ot her by a second huge spur , on whi ch t h e hamlets of Binarum and
Jinjam a r e bui l t , and whi ch is d i v i d e d from t h e Kamdesh s p u r by t h e
t o r r e n t whi c h t u r n s t h e vi l l a ge wa t e r m i l l s . It is d i v i d e d i n t o
t h r e e main p o r t i o n s , t h e u p p e r , t h e l owe r , and t h e e a s t vi l l a ge , o f
whi ch t h e u p p e r is pr obabl y a s l a r g e a s t h e o t h e r t wo p a r t s p u t
t o g e t h e r . The whol e vi l l a ge is on a s l o p e , whi c h is a t p l a c e s
ext r emel y s t e e p , e x c e p t a p o r t i o n o f t h e u p p e r vi l l a ge whi c h is
bui l t al ong a mode r a t e l y l e v e l r i d g e . The onl y o t h e r r e a l l y l e v e l
s p o t s a r e t h e c o n t i g u o u s h o u s e r o o f s . Kamdesh is a b o u t 2, 000 f e e t
above t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e Ba s hgul r i ve r , down t o whi c h t h e r e is a
ver y s t e e p r oad. It number s a bout 600 h o u s e s , whi c h a r e q u i t e
s u f f i c i e n t f o r t h e i nha bi t a nt s . Th e r e a r e no d e f e n c e s o r f o r t i f i c a -
t i ons o f any ki nd, wi t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f a p i c t u r e s q u e t o we r whi c h
s t a n d s c l o s e t o t h e h i g h e s t h o u s e s i n t h e vi l l age. Th e r e a r e 100
khas adar s q u a r t e r e d a t Kamdesh. ( Rober t s on, I.B.C.)
*KAMKAY IRYAB 4~' S
33-50 68-26 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d a bout 2 m i l e s e a s t o f ~ a g h a t u - i -
Wardak to t h e nor t h o f Ghazni.
KAM KHOST -*$
A st r eam in host f or med by s e v e r a l small t r i b u t a r i e s from t h e
nor t h, e a s t , and w e s t , whi ch, u n d e r t h e common name o f Kam Khos t ,
fl ow i n t o t h e Shami l r i v e r from t h e n o r t h we s t , a bout 12 m i l e s bel ow
Matun. (Carr.)
KAMPAR #f
A t r i b e of Si a hpos h Kaf i r s, who dwe l l i n t h e val l ey of t h e Kunar
r i ve r s omewher e nor t h o f Nurgul. They r e t a i n t h e i r anci ent faith.
(Raver t y . )
KAMRAN ("'P~) Jp5
33-29 69-38 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d near Darwi shi , s out h of t h e Kalan-
d a r Ghar i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
KAMU ~6
35-24 71-3 G. A g u l i n Kaf i r i st an, whi ch d e s c e n d s nor t h and joins
t h e Ba s hgul 6 miles bel ow Kamdesh. The r e is a road over t h e hills
i n t o t h e Bi r k o t Gul , a nd s o on t o Bi r k o t v i l l a g e i n t h e Kunar
val l ey. A t a little ove r 2 miles from its mouth it gi ves of f a
l a r g e br anch, whi ch r u n s a little west o f s out h. Up t h i s branch i s
a t r a c k whi ch c r o s s e s a p a s s and t h e n d e s c e n d s i nt o t h e Azharbai
val l ey. ( Rober t son. )
KAMUSH d
34-49 69-47 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Tagab, about
8 m i l e s s o u t h e a s t of Tagab i n Kapisa pr ovi nce.
KAMY ABA 4Lf
A s e c t i o n of t h e Dai Zangi Hazaras. ( See Military Repor t on Hazara-
j a t , P a r t 11.)
KAMZA I
A s ubdi vi s i on of t h e Chakmanis.
KAMZAN
Pr obabl y t h e same a s Kimsan.
KANA I 3
33-23 69-42 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e St e r Lgad, nor t hwest of
Khos t (Matun) i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
KANAK
34-40 66- 50 m. ( Se e Mi l i t ar y Re p o r t on Hazar aj at , Par t 11.1 A
smal l gl e n i n t h e s o u t h we s t of t h e Yak Walang di s t r i c t . Recent maps
s how t h e name Sar-i-Kanak. (LWA)
, A5
KANDA
34-47 70-19 m. A vi l l age i n Laghman, on t h e r i g h t bank of t he
kl i ngar r i ve r , a bout 2 mi l es? nor t h of Mandrawar.
The f ol l owi ng a r e t h e haml et s composi ng t h e vi l l age, all t h e inhabi-
t ant s of which are Dehgans:
(1) Banda-i-Malik Shuj a
( 2 ) Duppi
( 3) Sapparha. (warburton.
Anot her vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d on a t r i but ar y of the
Kunar r i ver , a t 34-44 70-43 m. (LWA)
, A5
~n h a b i t a n t s : Aroki s. (war-burton.)
*mNDAHARI KALA
Sub J5
32-41 68-28 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d some 12 miles s o u t h of Khai r Kot
(2arg hun Sha hr ) i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
*KANDAK
crd
34-43 70-36 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d near t h e s o u r c e o f t h e Dara-i-Nur
stream, a bout 8 miles nor t h o f Dara-i-Nur i n Nangar har pr ovi nce.
KANDALAI
JJ
34-54 70-56 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e Kugal Rud, a bout 4 m i l e s
from its c onf l ue nc e wi t h t h e Dara-i-Pich.
*KANDAO
,'
34-2 69-17 m.
A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d s o u t h e a s t o f Zar ghun Sh a h r i n Logar
provi nce. Ot he r pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name a r e l oc a t e d n o r t h e a s t o f
Sarkani and s o u t h e a s t of Asadabad i n Kunar pr ovi nc e , a t 34-50 71-11
m.
*KANDAO GHAR
A'd
34-5 69-20 m. A mount ai n l oc a t e d e a s t o f Zar ghun Sh a h r i n Logar
province.
*KANDO KALAI &,&
33-24 69-20 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d s o u t h we s t o f Shwak and n o r t h we s t
of Wazi i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
KANDAR
,A&
34-23 68-18 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y o f t h e Dara-i-
Jel ga, s o u t h west of t h e Kuh-i-Qalandaran. Ot he r p l a c e s wi t h t h i s
name a r e l oc a t e d on a pa t h l e a di ng from t h e val l eys of t h e Dara-i-
Pich t o t h e Kugar Rud i n Kunar pr ovi nce, a t 34-55 70-51 m.; and on a
st ream r unni ng nor t h t o t h e Dara-i-Pich i n Kunar pr ovi nc e a t 34-53
70-46 m.
KANDESI &=A
33- 69-. A r avi ne i n t h e Hazar dar akht d e f i l e , whi ch is p a s s e d
about t h e 5 t h m i l e from Drekal a t o wa r d s t h e Sh u t u r Garden. Thi s
ravi ne r uns down from t h e Hasan Khel count r y.
KANDIBAGH
~ C U -r5
34-17 70-23 m. A vi l l a ge of a bout 1, 000 i nha bi t a nt s i n t h e Cha pr i a r
subdi vi si on o f t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t ; it lies on t h e r i g h t bank o f
t h e Chapr i ar s t r eam, a t a bout 21 miles e a s t of Gandamak on t h e
di r e c t road from t h a t pl a c e t o Basawal. Su p p l i e s and wat er a r e
f ai r l y pl e nt i f ul he r e , and gr a z i ng is abundant . (I.B.C.)
UNDI - I-FATEH KHAN
,Lc;i&
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Kama di vi s i on of t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t ,
about 1/2 m i l e s o u t h e a s t o f ~ a l a - i - ~ k hund. I nhabi t ant s : Hind ki s ,
Dehgans and Taj i ks. ( Jenkyns. )
KANDI-I-HAJI NAZAR
A,L,-r5
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Kama di vi s i on o f t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t
s i t uat ed mid way be t we e n ~a ndi - i - Fa t e h Khan and ~andi - i - Mi r Kh waja
Jan. I nhabi t ant s: ~ o d i s and Af ghans . ( Jenkyns. )
KANDI-I-KANDAHARI U L J U ~
34- 70-. A vi l l age i n t h e Kama di vi s i on of t h e ~a l a l a b a d d i s t r i c t .
I nhabi t ant s: Lodi s. ( Jen kyns. )
KANDI-I-MIR ABDULLA d ' ~ ~ ~ d
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Kama di vi s i on of t h e Jalalabad di st r i ct .
I n ha bi t a nt s : Lodi s. ( Jenkyns. )
KANDI-I-MIR KHWAJA J AN &4+,e&
34- 70-.
A vi l l a ge i n t h e Kama di vi s i on of t h e Jalalabad di st r i ct ,
s i t u a t e d on t h e l e f t bank o f t h e Kabul r i ve r , a bout 1 m i l e sout heast
o f ~a ni - i - Ha j i Nazar. I nhabi t ans : Sayyi d s. ( Jenkyns. )
KANDUN ad
34-49 70-2 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d n o r t h w e s t o f Al i shang in Laghman
pr ovi nce.
* KANG a
34-4 67-7 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Helmand, a few
m i l e s w e s t o f Pi t a oqul i n Bamian pr ovi nc e .
*KANGARAN "'9
34-19 67-59 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a bout 5 miles s o u t h e a s t of Behsud
i n Maidan pr ovi nc e .
*KANGUR AS
34-59 67-54 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Shikari
r i ve r , n o r t h e a s t o f Bamian.
KANJAR KALA
34- 69-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Daman, nor t h of Kabul, cont ai ni ng 100
hous e s . I n ha bi t a nt s s ol e l y G hi l zai s . (I.B.C.)
KANKRAK JJ5
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Sur kha b di vi s i on of t h e Jalalabad dis-
trict, s i t u a t e d on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Sur khab, 6 miles nor t heast
o f Nimla. I nha bi t a nt s : Ast anazai Ghi l zai s.
Ka nkr a k- i - Ta j i ki l i es 2 miles n o r t h e a s t . I n h a b i t a n t s : Taj i ks.
( Jenkyns. )
KANTOR &
A Kafi r cl an, d i v i d e d i n t o Kai ni gul and Gada. The Kainigul is again
s u b d i v i d e d i n t o t h e Bairkama, Pimich gram, and Atergam. According to
Gar dner t h e y l i v e h i g h up among t h e mount ai ns, and a r e much fairer
t h a n t h e t r i b e s of t h e s o u t h . ( Lumsden, Gardner. ) A vi l l age with
t h i s name is l o c a t e d a t 35-34 70-18 G. (LWA)
KAO I 6
A name by which t h e Al i ngar r i v e r is sometimes known.
KAOSHAN O r DARA-I-KAFSHAN "k64, J
35-3 69-4. A l a r g e gl e n dr a i ni ng s o u t h wa r ds from t h e Kaoshan pass
i n t h e Hi ndu Kush t o t h e G hor band val l ey whi ch it j oi ns near ~ u d - 1 -
Gul l an, 22-1/2 m i l e s from t h e summi t of t h e p a s s and 16-1/2 miles
f r om Char i kar . I t is t r a v e r s e d t h r o u g h o u t its l e ngt h by a road
l e a d i n g from t h e Ghor band val l ey, ove r t h e Kaoshan pass; i nt o t h e
val l ey o f Khinjan. A c ons i de r a bl e st r eam f l o ws down t h e glen; t hi s
s t r e a m h a s t o be r e p e a t e d l y c r o s s e d and r e c r o s s e d and, when swollen
by t h e mel t i ng s n o ws i n s p r i n g , r e n d e r s t h e r oad in t h e lower part
of t h e g l e n i mpassabl e. The r e is however , a r oad, pr act i cabl e f or
l aden mules, along t h e crest of t h e hi gh r i dge which bounds t he glen
on t h e west, and t h e r e a r e s e v e r a l c r o s s - t r a c k s l eadi ng out of the
Kaoshan i n t o t h e Nimakao gl e n on t h e w e s t , and t h e ~ol - i - yer and
s a l a ng on t h e e a s t (see n o t e s t o s t a g e s 2 and 3, North-East bf 4hani -
s t a n r o u t e No. 28) . (I.B.c.)
KAOSHAN
u L6
35-3 69-4. El evat i on 14, 340 f e e t . A pa s s over t h e Hindu Kush a t
t he head of t h e Kaoshan gl en. The ol d Kabul-Khinjan main road over
t hi s r ange was t h a t by t h e Kaoshan, but h i s ha s now been s u p e r s e d e d
by t h e Chahar dar . The Kaoshan r out e ( Nor t h- East Af ghani st an, No.
28) is, h o we v e r , still much u s e d by k a f i l a s , wi t h f u l l y l a d e n
camels, but would not be pr act i cabl e f o r camel s of t h e Punjab. I t
is c us t oma r y t o r e p a i r t h e r oa d whe n t r o o p s , o r an i mp o r t a n t
of f i ci al , a r e about t o t r a ve l over it, t h e work bei ng car r i ed o u t by
local l abour and under l ocal ar r angement s. The l a s t t i me t h i s was
done a pe a r s t o have been i n 1884 s i nc e when t h e road ha s d o u b t l e s s
fallen i nt o a ve r y bad condi t i on. I nf or mat i on obt ai ned by Mait-
l and' s par t y, r e ga r di ng t h e t i m e when t h e pa s s may be c ons i de r e d
cl osed, var i es ver y consi der abl y. In 1885 it was c l os e d a t t h e
beginning of November, and Tal bot hear d an account , whi ch a ppe a r e d
t o be t r ue, of s e ve r a l pe opl e havi ng l o s t t h e i r l i v e s i n t r yi ng t o
g e t over it when t oo l at e. But a l l a c c ount s a g r e e i n sayi ng t h a t
t he r e is no c e r t a i nt y a s t o when t h e pa s s maycl ose. I t may be in
October or it may be about t h e mi ddl e of November. I t o p e n s about
t h e end of April, but t h e s t r eams a r e not down till about t h e mi ddl e
of July. The road is compl et el y open f o r 3 t o 2-1/2 mont hs. Of t h e
t hr e e main r oa ds over t h i s por t i on of t h e Hindu Kush--the Chahar dar ,
t he Kaoshan, and t h e Khawak--the Kaoshan o p e n s l a s t and c l o s e s
f i r s t . The Kaoshan Kotal i t s e l f , however , is by no means d i f f i c u l t .
The wor st p a r t s of t h e road a r e t h e l ower hal f of t h e Kaoshan gl e n,
and a gr e a t pa r t of t h e uppe r hal f of t h e Khinjan.
The f ol l owi ng e s t i ma t e of t h e t i m e and l abour r e qui r e d t o make a
road by t h e Kaoshan from t h e Khinjan val l ey t o t h a t of Ghorband
Pract i cabl e f o r Br i t i s h di vi si on, wi t h ba gga ge on t h e Kabul scale,
and mule c a r r i a ge onl y gi ve s a good i de a of t h e s t a t e of t h e road in
1886:
(1) From Khinjan t o Gorsokht a, 11 m i l e s .
"From Khinjan t o wher e t h e d e f i l e (Khinjan ~ a n g i ) commences is a bout
3 miles, of whi ch about 2 miles a l t o g e t h e r n e e d s i mprovement . To d o
t h i s i n one day, 1,000 men would be r e qui r e d: 600 wi t h pi c ks , 50
with crowbars, t h e remainder with shovels.
"Thence t o t ol l -bar (Sang-i-Lasham) is 3/ 4t hs of a mi l e . For t h i s
piece it would be necessary t o have: two companies of sapper s, with
t hei r bl ast i ng equi pment and gun- cot t on, and about 500 i nf a nt r y, t h e
latter with 50 crowbars, 100 pi cks and 100 shovels. The s apper s and
part of t h e i nf a nt r y would be r e qui r e d f o r t wo days, and one pi ece,
where a hi gh r et ai ni ng wall a ppe a r s neces s ar y, mi ght t a k e t h r e e da ys
to f i ni sh.
"From Sang-i- asha am t o t h e mouth of t h e Chandaran r avi ne is 1/2 a
mile: 100 i nf a nt r y wi t h 20 cr owbar s, 40 p i c k s and 40 s hove l s would
be r equi r ed her e.
"Thence t o f i r s t br i dge ( ~ul - i - Si ah Sang) is 1/2 a mi l e , and t o
improve t h e e x i s t i n g l i ne of road would be ver y t r oubl esome: one
company of s a p p e r s wi t h t h e i r bl ast i ng equi pment and 400 i nf a nt r y
with pi cks , s hove l s and cr owbar s, would be r e qui r e d f o r t wo da ys on
t h i s port i on.
"But possi bl y a b e t t e r road coul d be made near er t h e st r eam, t h r o u g h
t h e or char ds , in one day, wi t h 1/2 a company of s a p p e r s and 200
i nf ant r y, one- f our t h of t h e work onl y bei ng a ppa r e nt l y r equi r ed. In
t hi s cas e some a x e s mu s t be pr ovi ded, in a ddi t i on t o t h e above
mentioned t ool s .
''For br i dge (Pul-i-Siah Sang) and its a ppr oa c he s a s e pa r a t e par t y
would have t o be pr ovi ded. The pi e r s would have t o be c u t down
about 2 f e e t and f r e s h road be a r e r s c u t and pl aced. Also r oad way
and a p p r o a c h e s made.
For t h e l a t t e r t h e boul de r s woul d have to be
s moot hed a s much a s pos s i bl e and f i l l e d i n wi t h s m a l l st ones, and,
i f pos s i bl e , t h e y s houl d be c ove r e d wi t h e a r t h.
Ther e is 100 yards
of boulder approach on t h e r i ght bank.
he s pa n of t h e b r i d g e is from 20 t o 25 f e e t .
The pi ers of rough
s t o n e and br us hwood w i l l pr obabl y d o a s t h e y ar e, i f c ut down.
~ o a d w a y now j u s t wi de e nough f o r one ba gga ge animal t o go over at a
t i m e wi t h t ol e r a bl e s a f e t y , say 4 f e e t .
" ~ a l f a company of s a p p e r s and 200 i nf a nt r y, wi t h 50 crowbars (if
pos s i bl e ) , 50 p i c k s and 50 s h o v e l s would be r e qui r e d f or t h e bridge
and a ppr oa c he s . They s houl d a l s o be pr ovi ded wi t h 10 sand-bags, or
s omet hi ng of t h a t nat ur e, f o r car r yi ng e a r t h and st ones; also a
s u p p l y of i r on s p i k e s , i f pos s i bl e. Thi s pi e c e of work might be
done in a day i f t h e t i mber , whi ch is c l o s e a t hand, can be got
r e a dy i n t h a t t i m e , but it mi ght be ne c e s s a r y t o f e l l and shape i t
t h e day be f or e .
" ~ r o m t h e b r i d g e t o whe r e t h e r oad be gi ns t o as cend t h e hi l l si de is
about 3/ 4t hs of a m i l e ; onl y some cl ear i ng away of boul der s would be
r e qui r e d.
In t h i s pi e c e 50 i nf a nt r y wi t h 10 cr owbar s, 20 pi cks and
20 shovel s would suf f i ce.
"For t h e a s c e n t al ong t h e hi l l s i de , and d e s c e n t t o Bagh-i-Bai ham-
let, a new l i ne , a bout 30 f e e t bel ow t h e p r e s e n t r oad, would probab-
l y b e t h e b e s t : 500 i n f a n t r y , h a l f wi t h p i c k s and hal f with
s hove l s , would be r e qui r e d f o r t h r e e days , and some bl ast i ng might
a l s o be neces s ar y.
"The s e c ond b r i d g e is of t h e same c ha r a c t e r a s t h e f i r s t , but t he
p i e r s d o n o t r e q u i r e c u t t i n g down, a s it s t a n d s low. The approaches
a r e , however , bad; a ramp would have t o be c u t and embankment made
up t o it; 1/2 a company of s a p p e r s , 50 i nf a nt r y wi t h 5 crowbars, 10
p i c k s and 10 s h o v e l s coul d d o t h e work in one day. Ther e i s wood
c l o s e a t hand f o r r oad- bear er s, etc.
"Beyond t h e br i dge , on t h e r i g h t bank, t h e road i s bad f or 300
ya r ds , and bl as t i ng would be neces s ar y: 1 company of s apper s wi t h
bl a s t i ng e qui pme nt f o r 3 da ys and 100 i nf a nt r y wi t h pi cks and shov-
els f o r t h e same t i m e would be r e qui r e d. I t mi ght , however, be
pos s i bl e t o k e e p al ong t h e bas e of t h e s l o p e on whi ch t h e road runs,
when little b u t cl ear i ng of boul de r s would be necessar y. In t hi s
c a s e 200 i nf a nt r y wi t h 50 cr owbar s , 100 p i c k s and 50 s hovel s might
d o t h e work in one day. Some s a p p e r s wi t h gun- cot t on t o smash t he
boul de r s mi ght be want ed. Lever s can be c u t from t r e e s cl ose t o t he
r oad.
"Thence t o Takht a Sang is about 700 yar ds . The road i s pr e t t y good,
and r e q u i r e s little doi ng t o it.
"Cl ose t o Takht a Sang t h e r e i s some gr ound wi t h l ar ge boulders
pr ot r udi ng; h e r e t h e road want s bl as t i ng and f i l l i ng in; 10 saPperS
would be requi red f or t h e work,
"Thence f o r 1/2 m i l e t h e r oad is p r e t t y good, but 200 yar ds beore
r eachi ng t h e t h i r d b r i d g e (Pul-i-Malkhan) it r e qui r e s remaking: a
company of s a p p e r s and 100 i nf a nt r y, wi t h cr owbar s, pi cks and shOv-
els, a s be or e , mi ght d o t h e work i n 4 t o 6 days. I t is useless
c r o s s t h i s br i dge , a s t h e road on t h e l e f t bank is practically
i mpos s i bl e t o make f o r g u n s in a r easonabl e time. I t would* there-
f or e , be ne c e s s a r y t o f ol l ow t h e Salang road whi ch ke e ps
t he
r i g h t bank. I t was not gone over , b u t l o o k s much easi er t han t hat
on t h e l e f t bank.
"From t h e b r i d g e up t o o p p o s i t e t h e Gor s okht a camping-ground
1/2 t o 2 3/4 miles.
The road would r e qui r e some making. ~a~~~~~~~~~
whe r e it c r o s s e s t h e mouth of t h e Gor s okht a ravi ne, di st ant
1 3/4 miles.
A s f a r a s can be s e e n 1,000 men mi ght do it in One
day." ( Ta l bot .)
(2) Gor s okht a t o Kata Sang, 10 t o 11 mi l e s .
Maitland says: "In t h e p r e s e n t (1886) s t a t e of t h e road it would
t ake all day ( say 10 hour s ) t o g e t 4,000 mul es and poni es over t h e
10 miles bet ween camp Gor s okht a and camp Kata Sang. In f a c t , it
would ver y l i ke l y t a k e l onger , a s t h e animals would pr obabl y g e t
jammed and t hr ow t h e i r l oa ds in c r os s i ng t h e r avi nes.
"It would t h e r e f o r e be ne c e s s a r y t o i mpr ove al most t h e
whol e of t h e
l a t t e r hal f of t h e road f o r ba gga ge animals i n c a s e of t h e advance
of t r oops , and f ol l owi ng t h e l i ne of t h e p r e s e n t r oad, t h i s would
probably t a k e 2,000 men t wo days.
"To make a gun road c r os s i ng from r i g h t t o l e f t bank about 2 1/2
miles above Gor s okht a camp, and t h e n up t h e l a t t e r , mi ght t a k e 3,500
i nf ant r y and t h r e e or f our compani es of s a p p e r s a week or t e n days.
This is, of c our s e , ony a r ough gue s s , a s no exami nat i on of t h e road
was possi bl e. I t is not unl i kel y t h a t it would pr ove advant ageous
t o t a ke t h e road al l t h e way al ong t h e r i g h t bank."
( 3) Kata Sang t o Sher akai , 181/2 mi l e s .
No est i mat e was made of t h a t pa r t of t h e road from Kata Sang t o
Maidan-i-Khuni, but of t h a t por t i on l yi ng bet ween t h e l a t t e r pl ace
and Sher akai , Maitland says:
"Talbot is of opi ni on t h a t it would be pr act i cal l y i mpos s i bl e t o
make a road bet weeen t h i s pl ace and t h e b aid an-i-~huni f i t f o r
ar t i l l er y on wheel s , t h e gr a di e nt s bei ng s o s e v e r e and t h e gl en s o
narrow. Tal bot a l s o decl i ned t o make any es t i mat e of t h e t i m e and
labour r equi r ed t o make t h e road pr act i cabl e f o r t h e mule c a r r i a ge
of a Br i t i sh di vi si on. No doubt t h e d i f f i c u l t y of s uc h a t a s k would
be consi der abl e, but I am not s u r e t h a t it is q u i t e s o g r e a t a s
appear s a t f i r s t s i g h t . Put t i ng a s i d e t h e act ual r oughne s s of t h e
exi s t i ng r oad, t h e r e a r e t wo g r e a t d i f f i c u l t i e s ; f i r s t , t h e s t e e p -
nes s of t h e gr a di e nt ; s econdl y, t h e number of t i m e s t h e st r eam ha s
t o be c r os s e d. With r e ga r d t o t h e f i r s t , i t would be i mpos s i bl e t o
make any mat er i al i mprovement . If t h e d i s t a n c e s and el evat i ons a r e
cor r ect , t h e e x i s t i n g t r a c k ha s an aver age rise of not less t h a t 1
in 10 from Sher akai t o t h e Maidan-i-Khuni, a di s t a nc e of 7 1/4
miles. A s t o t h e s e c ond, it is pr obabl e t h a t , wi t h a c e r t a i n amount
of bl ast i ng, al most al l t h e c r o s s i n g s mi ght be avoi ded. Even now
t he r e is sai d t o be a pr act i cabl e camel t r a c k up each s i d e of : he
glen, f or ka f i l a s begi n t o t r a ve l when t h e st r eam is still unf or d-
able, and a r e obl i ged t o k e e p t o one bank or t h e ot he r . I t is t r u e
t h e camels a r e Kuchi camels, whi ch can c a r r y l oa ds over gr ound t h a t
no Punjabi camel s would a t t e mpt unl aden; still t h e y a r e har dl y a s
act i ve or s u r e f oot e d a s mules, and I am i ncl i ned t o t hi nk t h a t ,
with a l i t t l e bl as t i ng and a coupl e of br i dge s , a ver y f a i r f our
f oot pat h mi ght be car r i ed up t h e gl en a s f a r a s Maidan-i-Khuni i n
l e s s t han a w e e k , i f a bat t al i on of pi one e r s and t wo compani es of
s apper s wer e available. Whet her t h e obj e c t s t o be gai ned would be
worth t h e t i m e it would t a k e t o car r y out t h e work is a mat t er f o r
separ at e cons i d er at i on.
"In i t s pr e s e nt condi t i on t h e road may be c ons i de r e d pr act i cabl e f o r
an i nf ant r y br i gade, wi t h ammunition mules only, and one mountain
bat t ery. Working pa r t i e s s houl d, however , be s e n t on, i f pos s i bl e,
t o improve t h e wor s t pl aces. Half a bat t al i on of pi one e r s s o e m-
ployed, f or even one day would make a considerable difference. "
( 4) From Sher akai t o Burj-i-Guljan, 10 miles.
The road i s a s bad in many pl aces a s t h a t in t h e l a s t s t a ge .
Mait-
land says:
"Where i t r uns al ong hi l l s i de s it is 4 t o 6 f e e t wi de, but even he r e
l eaves much t o be d e s i r e d , whi l e in t h e bed of t h e st r eam it is
o f t e n ve r y bad.
"1 t h i n k a 6- f oot pa t h, pr a c t i c a bl e f o r t h e mul e t r ans por t of a
di vi s i on (Kabul scale), mig h t be made wi t hout much di f f i cul t y, but
t h e st r eam would have t o be c r o s s e d a good many times, and any work
d o n e t o its bed would need c o n s t a n t renewal."
(Maitland, Talbot.)
*KAPAR KHUNE +,!$
32-7 68-47 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d e a s t of Wur and nor t hwe s t of Mamai
i n s o u t h e r n G hazni pr ovi nce.
KAPISA '4
35-0 69-21.
Kapisa, onc e a pr ovi nc e i n eas t - cent r al Afghanistan, is
now t h e nor t he a s t e r n p a r t o f Parwan pr ovi nce. ( See Parwan). Kapisa
is di vi de d i nt o t h e wol eswal i s of Mahmud Raqi, Kohistan, Tagab,
~ a n j s h i r , a n d Ne j r a b, a nd i n t o t h e a l a q a d a r i s of Char Qarya
( Panj s hi r 1 ), Dara Hazara ( Panj s hi r 2 ), Durnama, and Alahsai. The
c a pi t a l of t h e pr ovi nc e was Mahmud Raqi. For wol eswal i lists from
t h e Depar t ment of St a t i s t i c s of t h e Mi ni st ry of Agriculture and
~r r i gat i on, see t a b l e s on t h e n e x t s i x pages .
KAPTASAN &$
A main s e c t i o n o f t h e Be s u d Hazar as . ( Se e Mi l i t ar y r e p o r t on
Ha z a r a j a t , P a r t 11.)
KAPZAR rb;*t
34-40 68-26 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e 001-i-Khesh,
w e s t of t h e Kuh-i-Chaji i n Parwan pr ovi nce.
KARBAGH Or QARABAGH && *j
33-11 68-6- Karabag h is a wol eswal i i n Ghazni provi nce. The wales-
wali an a r e a o f 1, 799 s q u a r e k i l o me t e r s and has an
a gr i c ul t ur a l ~ o P u l a t i 0 n t h a t ha s been es t i mat ed a t from 28,875 to
73f 512= The wol eswal l is bounded i n t h e w e s t by Jaghori , i n t he
by Nawar and J aghat u, i n t h e e a s t by Andar and Giru and i n t he
s o u t h by Ab Band and Moqor. Qarabag h ha s about 371 vi l l ages, 33 of
whi ch have more t ha n 500 i nhabi t ant s . The major vi l l ages l i st ed i n
t h e PG a r e a s f ol l ows : Ibrahim Khel, Akht ar Khel, Haji Akhtar
Moh' dt Akht o Wal, Ahan (Ayin), Bayram (Barim), Begi Khel, Baluch
Khel, b y r a m Bedar ah ( Bedar ah) , Yaraki Khel, Tamaki, Warqa, Qol,
Tochi , Kohna Deh, Jan Murad Wa Qala-i-Jabar Khan, Jan ~urad-i -Sufl at
Jan Murad-i-Ulya, Jamal Khel-i-Taraki (~arya-i-Jamal), C her gi , Khan
Mahmud (Mamur), Khado Khel, Khandan Jangal ak, Nau Deh ~a nga l a k, Dado
Khel , Deh Badai , Darya Khel , Kas hi , Hamogai, Zard Al u, Qala-1-
Husai n- Ar bab, Kohna Deh- Zar dal u, Nau ~ e h - i - Za r d a l u , Zarak, Sar
Bul and, Sa r Sot a , Sa ngi , Su r k a i Khel , Sh a h Ghol ai , Shah Karezr
Sh a k a i Noka, Shamada, Sh e r a b a d , S h e r Tu r k i , Ali ~ i y a z i t Eidi,
Gh u r g h u r a k , Gh u n d i , Fa t e h Mohl d, Fa t i , ( Fa t e h ~ o h ' d -Sangi)r
Qar ac ha, Qala-i- Ros han, Qala-i-Tor , Qala-i-Ka kash , ~ala-i-Niyaz Khan
( Ni ya z - ~oh' d Khar ot i ) , Qal ander Khel, ~ u l u c h (Luch), At a l , AYrmaf
Bini Ghar, Siya Deh, Ghawch Deh, Qash, Takhun, Qolya Qol (paywand
Go s h t a ) , Kata Deh , Karim ( Qal a- i - ~ar i m Khan) , Adam, Kalbit Kalbl
Khel (Kalbi-Khel Jan Murad) , Ga w Murdah, Gaw Meshak, ~adol -i -Behbudf
Buland Deh, Qala-i- Maidanak, Ger dah, Gurgab, Gul Koh, ~ a g h - i - ~ ~ ~ ~ f
Mir Joye, Mir Zaka, Nau Deh-i-Gul oh, Ganki (Gan ki-Rana Khel), Mado
(Mulls-Mado Khan), Masum ( Chambar - i - nohl d Masum) , Malang Kh e l f
Basarak. Bam Qas h, Jamji, Chogha- i - ~al a, Roha, ~ e s h l a g h a k , Maluk
(Maluk-i- Sa n g i ) , Mochi Mons aki ( ~ o c h i ) , ~ o r y a n i Suf l at l or yani
Ulya, Musa Wal, Mulla Khel, Qala-i-Gul Akhund, Nau Deb, Miyantuf
Khar Bul aq, Miran (Chambar-i-nulls Miran,) Mir Hassan ~ h ~ l f
Man, Qarya-i-Mirak, (Mir Wayez) , Natar, Tak he l - i - ~uf l a - i J a n Mu"df
ESTIMATE OF AGRICULTURAL POPULATION AND AREA UNDER CULTIVATION
Villages
PANJSHIR 5 0
TAGAB 34
KOHISTAN 40
MAHMUD RAQI (KAPISA) 50
AL LAHSAY 2 5
KOHBAND (DURNAME) 28
NAJRAB 132
CHAR QARYA
(PANJSHIR 1) 10
DARAH HAZARA
(PANJSHIR 2) 12
TOTAL 381
Agricultural
Population Landlords
Lands under Cultivation in Jaribs
Irrigated Non-Irrig. Total
Lands under Cultivation in Hectares
Irrigated Non-Irrig. Total
KAPrSA
STATISTICAL ESTIMATE OF LIVESTOCK BY WOLESWALIS AND ALAKADARIS
Sheep
PANJSHlR 3,820
TAGAB 4,850
KOHISTAN 17,010
MAHMUD RAQl
(KAPISA) 15,120
ALLAHSAY 410
KOHBAND (DURNAM) 3,120
NAJRAB 30,750
CHAR QARYA
(PANJSHIR 1) 10,110
DARAH HAZARA
(PANJSHIR 2) 1,190
TOTAL 86,380
Karakul Goats
Sheep
Cattle
4,770
4,960
11,650
12,980
9 10
9 00
17,620
1,920
9 10
56,520
Buffaloes
9 00
1,000
700
-
1,000
-
700
500
800
5,600
Camels Horses Donkeys
8,210
1,910
2,830
4,160
1,410
1,640
6,260
2,180
1,930
30,530
Mules Poultry
TOTAL CULTIVABLE LAND, BY CROPS-IN KABUL1 JARIBS
Grains
Irrigated Non-Irrig.
Total Vegetables Industrial Other
Crops Crops
Fruits Total
Cultivated
Land
PANJSMR 17,6 80 -
TAGAB 7,410 -
KOHISTAN 32,080 -
MAHMUD RAQI
(KAPISA) 32,550 1,200
NAJRAB 51,830 -
ALLAHSAY 2,880 -
CHAR QARYA
(PANJSHIR 1) 3,360 -
DARAH HAZARA
(PANJSHIR 2) 1,340 -
KOHBAND (DURNAME) 2,270 -
TOTAL 151,400 1,200
LAND UNDER IRRIGATION AND SOURCES OF IRRIGATION
Area in Jaribs
Springs Karez
Number of Sources
Springs Karez Canals Wells Total Canals Wells Water Mas
PANJSHIR
TAGAB
KOHISTAN
MAHMUD RAQI
(KAPISA)
NAJRAB
ALLAHSAY
CHAR QARYA
(PANJSHIR 1)
DARAH HAZARA
(PANJSHIR 2)
KOHB AND
(DURNAME)
TOTAL
VI
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
- - t o m o o d m w m
9' 9% * - 9 % r', S? a!,
-3 m o m m o b b o m 0
L m a r - N u , + rc) \0d 0
N N m \0q,-I ,-I
,-I
--
d
ti.
0 0 0
m o o
9010?
Total
PANJSHlR 25,270
TAGAB 14,580
KOHISTAN 55,330
MAHMUD RAQI (KAPISA) 55.5 60
NAJRAB 102,610
ALLAHSAY 12,090
CHAR QARYA (PANJSHIR 1) 11,820
DAMH HAZARA
(PANJSHIR 2) 3,880
KOHBAND (DURNAMA) 5,750
TOTAL 286,890
TOTAL CULTIVABLE LANDS-LN KABUL1 JARIBS
Pastures Forests Under
Cultivation
Fallow
Lands
Takhel Ulya, Nawroz Khel , Naso Khel, Naudeh, Neyal Khan ( Nehal
Khan), Nau Kurdak-i-Raba Khel , Nauy Kurdak, Nai Qala, Alma Sha hr ,
Bulaqi, Dah Ba khs h, Dah, Sayed Khan, Sa r gha Wa Gosha, Sar t al an
Shadawla (Shad Wa Diba), G har , G ha to-i-Sufla, Gafto-i-Ulya, Kash
~awa- i - Nekzar , Malakhi, Wata Pur, Wali Jan Murad-i-Nauabad, W a l i
Dad, Harun Khel-i-Jan Murad), Hamza Khail, Lag har J oye, Lala, Layeq,
Khan Zaman Khel, Gul Akhund Zadah, Mir Khan, Khunian, Qabur gah,
~ h a r t o g hi , Ba l da r G ha n, Jamal , S a f r a , S a f i r ( As f j a r ) , Be ni Qal a,
Sur kai Khan, Sayed Khan, Toramai, Si nj a, Sulaiman Khel, Barakai ,
Safar Khel, Moshki , and Nala. (LWA) I n 1914 t h e a r e a was d e s c r i b e d
a s f ol l ows:
Elevation a bout 7,000 f e e t . A d i s t r i c t c r o s s e d on t h e r oad from
~al at - i - Ghi l zai t o Ghazni , and l yi ng mainly t o t h e w e s t and nor t h-
wes t of t h e r oad. I t is f i r s t e n t e r e d a bout 90 miles n o r t h e a s t of
Kalat-i-Ghilzai b e t we e n Oba Karez and Jamrud. In t h i s d i s t r i c t , o r
a t any r a t e i n t h e por t i on of it c r o s s e d by t h e r oad, Af ghan and
Hazara vi l l a ge s a r e f ound s i d e by s i de . In 1880 t h e val l ey was a
s c e ne of de s ol a t i on i n c o n s e q u e n c e of t h e Hazaras havi ng a t t a c k e d
some Af g han vi l l a ge s when t h e men bel ongi ng t o t hem were away a t
Kabul in Januar y 1880 dur i ng t h e i nve s t me nt of She r pur .
Thi s l e d t o r e t a l i a t i on on t h e p a r t of t h e Af gha ns , b u t i n Apr i l
1880, on t h e a dva nc e o f Si r Donald St e wa r t ' s f o r c e t o Ghazni , t h e
Hazaras bur nt all t h e Af ghan vi l l a ge s ; t h e r e s u l t was, a s r e g a r d s
t h e count r y a bout Jamrud and Cha ha r de h Bebud ( Behs ud?) , c ompl e t e
devast at i on. Thi s was mos t mar ked i n Augus t 1880, when t h e c ount r y
was agai n t r a v e r s e d by Si r F. Rober t s ' f o r c e pr oc e e di ng t o Kandahar.
The i nha bi t a nt s o f t h e l a r g e Hazara vi l l a ge of Cha ha r de h Bebud
(about 2 miles from Jamr ud) were r e l e a s e d by t h e a dva nc e o f t h e
f or c e from an i nve s t me nt of some mont hs; had it n o t be e n f o r t h i s
chance t h e y would pr obabl y all have be e n ki l l ed by t h e Af gha ns , who
were much e x a s p e r a t e d a t t h e i r pr e vi ous behavi or i n t h e s p r i n g .
The main d i s t r i c t of Karabagh is s e p a r a t e d from t h e pl ai n ove r whi ch
t h e Kalat-i-Ghilzai--Ghazni r oad p a s s e s by a l ow r a n g e of h i l l s
which t er mi nat ed be o r e r e a c hi ng Jamrud; it is r emar kabl y f e r t i l e ,
well c ul t i va t e d, popul ous and pr oduc t i ve .
The i nha bi t a nt s a r e mainly Hazaras of t h e Cha ha r da s t a and Muhammad
Khwaja t r i be s . ( See "Ghazni.") They pr obabl y can mus t e r a bout
2,000 f i g h t i n g men.
Two r oa ds s t a r t from Cha ha r de h i n t o Hazara t e r r i t or y. A t or near
Zardalu t h e y d i v e r g e , one t a ki ng a nor t he r l y t ur n, and t h e o t h e r and
most d i r e c t r oad goi ng t h r o u g h Tamaki. A t Loman i n t h e J a g h u r i
di s t r i c t , whi ch is n o t more t ha n f o u r ma r c he s vi a Tamaki f r om
Chahar deh, bot h r o a d s meet. A s f a r a s Loman b o t h a r e s a i d t o be
easy, --pract i cabl e, t h a t is, f o r f i el d- g uns and any l a de n animals.
Beyond Loman t h e c ount r y is much more d i f f i c u l t . From Loman a r oad
goe s nor t h t o t h e Besud t e r r i t or y, and a n o t h e r r u n s s o u t h , f ol l owi ng
t he course of t h e Arghandab.
Mol l o~ says: "The Karabagh Hazaras c ompr i s e a bout 7, 000 f ami l i es
and Pay i n r e ve nue R s . 40,000. Thi s d o e s n o t i nc l ude t h e Aldai
Sect i on, who d o not number more t ha n 100 f ai ml i es; t h e i r r e ve nue ,
amounting t o R s . 600, was made ove r by A m i r Dos t Muhammad Khan a s a
gr ant t o t h e e s t a t e of Mirza Muhammad Husain Khan, a Ki zi l bash
Sardar-" The d i s t r i c t o f Karabagh is unde r t h e Hakim o f Ghazni .
(Molloy, Gaselee.)
MU C H i& 4 3
33- 68-. El evat i on 7, 426 f e e t . A vi l l a ge 37 miles s o u t h o f ~ h a z -
ni. Ther e is a l a r g e f o r t h e r e t o t h e e a s t of t h e r oad, and t h r e e
Ot her s near it. Water is p l e n t i f u l from kar ez; f o r a g e is abundant ,
and f ue l also. 1t is a l s o cal l ed Chahardeh-i -Hazara, and is i nhab-
i t e d by bot h Af g h a n s and Hazaras o f t h e Bubak t r i be.
Ther e are 100
Khasadar s qua r t e r e d a t Karabagh. (Masson, Leech, Campbell, Broad-
f o o t , 1.B.C.) Re c e nt maps s how t h e s pe l l i ng Karabagi, a t 33-25
68-
25.
KARABAGH && 43
34-51 69-9. Karabagh is a wol eswal i i n Kabul pr ovi nce. The wales-
wal i c o mp r i s e s an a r e a o f 111 s q u a r e k i l o me t e r s and has an
a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on t h a t ha s been e s t i ma t e d a t from 16,970 to
18, 821. The wol eswal i is bounded i n t h e e a s t by I s t al ef , i n t h e
n o r t h and e a s t by Bagram, and i n t h e s o u t h by Deh Sabz and Kalakan,
Karabagh i n c l u d e s a bout 56 vi l l a ge s , of whi ch about 40 have more
t h a n 500 i nha bi t a nt s . The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s follows:
Qarya-i-Lang a?, Allah Rahim, Alar, Qala-i-Faiz, Qala-i-Gudar, Qala-
i - ~ a z i , Qara Ba gh- i - Yus uf i , Qa r y a - i - ~ a r e z , Qal a-i -Shahi , Nahr-i-
Kalan, Qalacha, Qal a- i - Jaf ar , Bagh- i - Ar oq- i - Suf l a, Qarya-i-Mashur
Khel , Qa na t Baz, Qala-i-Baz, Sa r d a r Beg, Qara Qu l , Sabz Sang,
Miana Joy, Dinar Khel, Qal a-i -Akhund, Bagh- i - Ar eq- i - ul ya, Qala-i-
Nawruz, Pet awa, Es t e r g he c h, Taj ekan, Kh wajaha, Qaria-i-Pashi, Qala-
i -Sher, Ag hel ak, Khoja Shahab, Logari , J ar chi , Bag h-i-Alam, Dama-i-
Kh waja, ~ i r Khan, Urya Khel, Qarya-i-Musazai, Qala-i-Saman, Ashraf
Khel, Qala-i-Di wana, Chaw ni, Bag h-i-Zag han, Haji Mirullah-i-Bak hshi,
C h a s h ma-i-K h a r o t i , Qaryai-Dawudzai, Qala-i-Kohna-i-Mohammadzai ya
Da wud z a i , Qar ya- i - Sof i an, Qar ya- i - Pahl awan, Eml ake Khairullah,
Qarya-i-Kakara, Qar abagh Bazar, Batni bot , Qah-i-Musa, Nahr-i-Bala,
Akakhel , Taher i an, and Tazian Chenar ya Qazian Chenar. (LWA) I n 1914
t h e ar ea was d e s c r i b e d a s f ol l ows: A l a r g e gr oup of vi l l ages about
22 miles nor t h of Kabul. Kaf i l as usual l y make t h i s t h e second stage
from Kabul on t h e Khawak r out e. (I.B.C.)
KARABAGHI
264
33-25 68-25 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d some 10 m i l e s s out h of Ghazni and
a bout 3 m i l e s nor t h of She l ge r .
KARACHAH
dbdj
A s e c t i o n of t h e Muhammad Khwaja Hazaras. ( See Military Report on
Ha z a r a j a t , P a r t 11.)
,G ' j
*KARACHAH
34-59 69-19 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d about 2 miles w e s t of ~ a n j s h i r and
s o u t h e a s t of Char i kar . Anot her pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is located on
t h e Dara-i-Garmab, some 6 m i l e s s o u t h o f ~ i s k a i n s out her n Bamian
pr ovi nce, a t 34-2 67-26 m.
( G \ J ) + ~ r j
KARA WSHMAN
34-39 69-9 A. A vi l l age in t h e Kabul d i s t r i c t , 6 miles nor t hwest
t h e Paiminar Kotal and c l o s e t o a p a s s i n t h e hi l l s ( t o t h e west-
ward) l e a di ng i n t o t h e Koh Daman. d his gor ge , whi ch takes i t s name
from t h e vi l l age of Kara Dushman, is pas s abl e f or al l pack trans-
por t . The pa t h l e a d s al ong t h e e d g e of a d e e p ravine, and is in
some pl a c e s ve r y narrow wi t h s h a r p a ngl e s t o t ur n, but i t is prac-
t i cabl e f or camels and baggage mules. Masson descr i bes
a s a pl ai n 12 miles nor t h of Kabul, b u t omi t s mention of t he "'-
l age. The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Taj i ks and Gadi Hazaras. Water f r om
st r eam f l owi ng t h r o u g h t h e gor ge . Suppl i e s available in quan-
tities. I.B.C.) Recent maps s how t h e name ~a ne s hma nd. (LWA)
4 4
KARAGHAYA See? KARGHAI
KARAGHOI
@d>
34-29 68-15 m. A f o r t i f i e d haml et , s i t ua t e d i n a t agao of t h e same
name, about 3 1/2 m i l e s west of J aokul on t h e main Kabul-Hazarajat-
~ u l a t Yar road. ( See Military Repor t on Hazarajat, Par t 11.)
KARAIA ( 7 ) 4'J
33-48 69-45. The name a ppl i e d t o t h e uppe r Kurram r i ver , be t we e n
Al i Khel and t h e Fr ont i er a t Kharl achi .
KARA KATTA
di 4, i
34- 67-. A vi l l age in t h e Kajao valley. ( See Military Re por t on
~ a z a r a j a t , P a r t 11.)
KARA KHAWAL
J'+ d j
34- 67-. El evat i on 9,800 f e e t . The t h i r d hal t i ng- pl ace on t h e
road l eadi ng from Kala Sar kar i in Bamian t o Daulat Yar. The campi ng
ground lies in a wi de, cul t i vat ed hollow on t h e r i g h t bank of a
stream r unni ng from t h e Tabarg han Kol, and is c l o s e t o t h e vi l l age
of Kochinak, or Kokinak. Hardly any s u p p l i e s a r e pr ocur abl e, but
water and f u e l a r e abundant and t h e r e is pr obabl y g r a s s in summer.
About 1 m i l e t o t h e s o u t h e a s t is a smoke- bl ackened khawal , or cave,
in whi ch a p o s t of dak s owar s is e s t a bl i s he d, and from whi ch t h e
camping ground t akes its name.
The Ghazni--Mazar-i-Sharif road p a s s e s near t h e campi ng- gr ound,
cr ossi ng t h e kot a l known a s Kara Khawal. The a ppr oa c he s t o t h i s
pass, t hough s l i g h t l y undul at i ng, a r e q u i t e easy. From t h e c r e s t ,
el evat i on 11,630 f e e t , a not he r road r uns al most d u e e a s t vi a t h e
Tabarg han Kol t o Sar-i-Karg hanat u. (Muhamad Ak bar Khan, I.B.C.) A
place wi t h t h i s name is l ocat ed a t 34-45 68-14 G. (LWA)
*KARAKHEL LLi 4 P
33-13 68-46 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d about 5 miles n o r t h e a s t of Shar an
i n eas t er n G hazni pr ovi nce.
*KARAKUL 4+ 4 3
34-10 67-43 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on t h e s our c e of t h e Garmab r i ver ,
s out he a s t of t h e Kuh-i-Khalta. Anot her pl ace wi t h t h i s name 1s
l ocat ed s o u t h we s t of t h e ~uh- i - Khal t a, on a t r i but a r y of t h e Garmab
ri ver in s out he r n Bamian pr ovi nce, a t 34-11 67-40 m.
KARA-KUL-DAGHI See DAI ZANGI
KARAM ALI
A s ect i on f o Shaikh A l i Hazaras.
'KARAM ALI sc fJ
34-12 68-31 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed on t h e Dara-i-Jelga, about 2 m i l e s
nort h of Azad k he1 i n Maidan pr ovi nce.
*KARAMKOL .bi rS
34-14 68-38 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed on a t r i but ar y of t h e ~a r a - i -
Jelga, about 1 m i l e nor t h of Suja i n Maidan pr ovi nce. Anot her pl a c e
with t h i s name is l ocat ed on a t r i but ar y of t h e Garmab r i ver in
sout her n Bamian pr ovi nce, a t 34-1 67-20 m.
KARASU P dj
34-22 70-14. A st r eam whi ch rises in t h e Saf ed Koh, and r uns
t hr ough t h e val l ey of t h e Wazir Khugi ani s, pa s s e d Kaja, Bahar, and
Fatehabad, and f l ows i nt o t h e Sur khab c l os e t o t h e t own of Balabagh.
(MacGregor .)
KARASUF
A s e c t i o n
P a r t 11.)
of t h e Jag hat u Hazaras. ( See Military
Repor t
Gr 4)
Hazarajat,
KARATIGA uj
33- 69-. A walled s ar ai on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Hazaradarkht
st r eam, a bout 9 miles s o u t h we s t o f Dre Kala on t h e Paiwar Kotal-
Kabul r oad.
Near he r e , on 22nd Sept ember 1879, a combined attack
was made by Mangals and Ghi l zai s on a t e l e gr a ph par t y bringing up
p o l e s t o t h e Sur kai Kotal:
f o r de t a i l s ,
see t h e "Offi ci al History
f o t h e Second Af g han War."
(I.B.C.)
*KARAWAL Or KARARWAL J ' J ~
32-51 68-46 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d some 5 m i l e s s out h of Omna in
e a s t e r n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
KAREZ k 6
33- 68-. A hal t i ng pl ace 112 m i l e s from Kalat-i-Ghilzai, 32 miles
from Ghazni , i n a l e v e l wel l - cul t i vat ed count r y.
Numerous f or t s and
vi l l a ge s are s c a t t e r e d all over t h e plain. Suppl i e s procurable, and
wat er , gr a s s , f o r a g e f o r camel s and f u e l and abundant. (Gardner.)
One pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 32-58 67-22 A. (LWA)
*KAREZ
34-28 67-44 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d nor t h of Obah, on a tributary of
t h e Helmand r i ve r i n Bamian pr ovi nce. Ot her pl aces wi t h t hi s name
a r e l oc a t e d 3 m i l e s w e s t of Chamri i n Maidan pr ovi nce, a t 34-9 68-26
m.; on t h e Dara-i-Maidan s o u t h we s t of Kabul, a t 34-23 69-1 m.;
a bout 2 m i l e s s o u t h of Jaghat u-i -Wardak, some 20 miles north of
Ghazni , a t 33-48 68-24 m.; n o r t h we s t of ~ a d i r Shah Kot, on the
r oad t o Gar dez i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce, a t 33-20 69-33 m.; and at 34-37
69-2 G., 33-43 69-24 G., 34-50 69-10 G., 34-41 69-15 G., 33-11
67-29 G., 32-53 67-4 G., and 33-29 69-56 G.
KAREZ iu
u
33- 6%. A hal t i ng pl ace a t t h e we s t e r n f o o t of t h e Mirzaki Kotal,
and about 1 miles from t h e s ummi t . The r e is room f or a brigade to
encamp he r e , wi t h s u f f i c i e n t wat er. ( The l a t e s t r e por t (1906) makes
no ment i on of t h e hal t i ng- pl ace r e f e r r e d t o i n t h i s ar t i cl e but
g i v e s a c ol l e c t i on of haml et s known a s Karez, 5 miles t o t h e west of
t h e Mirzakai Kotal. The c ount r y he r e a bout s is, however, open and
l ar gel y watered by means of karez, or underground water channels, so
t h a t t h e name mig h t be a ppl i e d t o a number of d i f f e r e n t s pot s in t h e
nei g hbour hood. ) (I.B.c)
KAREZAI
~ j o d
35-2 68-48 m. A vi l l age i n t h e Ghorband valley, 20 miles east
its head, c ons i s t i ng of 800 hous e s cont ai ned in sever al f or t s , and
i n h a b i t e d by Hazar as. ( Le e c h. ) O n e v i l l a g e wi t h t h i s name is
l oc a t e d a t 34-59 69-24 G. ( LWA)
*RAREZAK t 1 ~ 6
34-9 67-2 m -
A vi l l age l oc a t e d on t h e Sul t an Robat stream i n south-
e r n Bamian pr ovi nce. Ot her pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name ar e l ocat ed about
8 miles w e s t of Behsud in Bamian pr ovi nce, a t 34-21 67-46 m.; about
6 m i l e s s o u t h we s t of Sha hr - i - ~ha wa t in Bamian pr ovi nce, a t 34-1 67-
56 m.; on t h e Dar a- i - T~r kom~n, about 2 miles s out h west of Asheq in
Parwan pr ovi nce, a t 34-47 68-3 m.; nor t he a s t of Arg handai on t he
r oad t o Kabul, about 12 miles from t h e l a t t e r , a t 34-31 68-59 ma;
801. 12 miles n o r t h e a s t of Ghazni on t h e hi ghway t o ~ a b u l , a t 33-41
68-30 m.; and nort h of t h e Karezak Ghar and nor t hwes t of Wazakhwa in
s out he r n Ghazni pr ovi nce, a t 32-12 68-11 m.
*KAREZ FULAD dY,i >,b
34-20 68-16 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a bout 1 m i l e west of J a ka khor on a
- -
t r i but ar y of t h e ~ a r a - 1 - ~ e l g a .
*KAREZGAI Jha
34-51 69-20 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d nor t h o f t h e Kuh-i-Safi and w e s t
of Qarabagh. Anot her pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is some 1 3 m i l e s nor t h-
e a s t of Gar dez on t h e way t o Al i khel , a t 33-45 69-24 m.
KAREZHA-I-SHAHMARD KHAN
"L d + ~ b j J
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge in t h e Sur kha b di vi s i on o f t h e Jalalabad di s -
t r i c t , about a m i l e s o u t h o f Jal al abad t own. I nha bi t a ns Dehgans and
Afghans. (Jenkyns. )
KAREZ I
&ec
35- 69-. A l a r g e t o wn s h i p i n t h e Char i kar d i s t r i c t , s o u t h e a s t o f
Usht ar gi r an, s ai d t o cont ai n 1, 500 h o u s e s of Taj i ks. The l e a d i n g
fami l i es a r e all ~ h w a j a s of t h e fami l y of Abubakar Sadi k. The
d i f f e r e n t vi l l a ge s a r e ~ i z s a i y i d i , Af t awachi , Reg-Rawan, She r a k,
Parak, Kala Khwaja Sayyi d, Saru, Deh Muzaf f ar , and Karez-i-Kohna.
They a r e s ur r ounde d by ma s s e s o f o r c h a r d s and a l s o by o p e n cul t i va-
tion. ( Shahzada Taimus.) Re c e nt maps s how t h e s pe l l i ng Kar ezak, a t
35-0 69-26. (LWA)
KAREZ-I -ALAM +h6
34-10 69-4 G. A vi l l a ge i n t h e l owe r or n o r t h e r n por t i on o f t h e
Logar val l ey and on t h e l e f t bank of t h a t r i ve r , 5 m i l e s nor t h of
Tangi Waghjan. I nha bi t a nt s Ast anazai Ghi l zai s. In 1880 t h e r e were
10 f ami l i es onl y r e s i d e n t in t h e vi l l age. ( Cl i f f or d, Euan Smith. )
Recent maps s how t h e pl a c e Karez-i-Guli, a t 34-14 69-12 m.
UREZ-I-BASHER A h
6
34- 69-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e nor t he r n di vi s i on o f t h e Logar val l ey.
I nhabi t ant s: pai nda Khel and Sulaiman Khel Ghi l zai s. I n 1880 t h e
vi l l age, whi ch c o n s i s t e d of t wo haml et s, had a popul at i on o f onl y 10
families. ( Cl i f f or d, Euan Smi t h .)
KAREZ- I -DAULAT
c ; , ~ ~ b
34- 69-. A vi l l a ge of 10 h o u s e s i n t h e n o r t h e r n por t i on o f t h e
Logar val l ey, on t h e r i g h t bank of t h a t r i ver . I t is s i t u a t e d on
t h e e a s t of t h e Kabul r oad, hal f way be t we e n Mirza and Zargan Shahar .
The i nhabi t ant s a r e ~ i a z i s and Ahmad zai s. (Euan Smi t h .) Re c e nt
maps show t h e name Qala-i-Daulat, a t 34-11 69-8 m.
t&jyd
KAREZ-I-GHULAM MUHAMMAD Or GUL MUHAMMAD
34- 70-. A vi l l age i n t h e Sur kha b di vi s i on o f t h e Jal al abad di s -
t r i c t , about 1/2 m i l e s o u t h e a s t of ~ar ezha- i - Shahmar d Khan. 1nhabi -
t ant s: Barak zai s. (Jen kyns. ) Re c e nt maps s how t h e name Karez-i-
Gul Muhammad a t 33-42 68-50 A.
IKAREZ-I-GULI JJi.6
34-14 69-12 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d about 5 miles s o u t h e a s t of Gomaran
near Niazgul.
dl&. 6
KAREZ-1 -MALI K LALA /u
34- 70-. A in t h e Sur kha b di vi s i on of t h e Jalalabad di s -
t r i ct . In habi t ant s : Arabs. (Jen kyns. )
KAREZ-I-MIR r*iO 6
34-38 69-3 m. A vi l l age a t t h e s o u t h e r n e xt r e mi t y of t h e Koh Daman,
c o n s i s t i n g of t wo por t i ons , t h e u p p e r and l owe r (B& and Pain),
The u p p e r vi l l age c ont a i ns 60 h o u s e s and t h e l ower 100. I t was on
t h e l o w hi l l s t o t h e s o u t h of t h i s vi l l age t h a t Macpherson, advanc-
i ng from Aoshar on t h e 1 0 t h December 1879 d e f e a t e d a l ar ge body of
ohi is tan is unde r Mir Bacha, who were advanci ng t o join t h e people of
Maidan in t h e combined at t ack on Sher pur which took place a few days
l a t e r . ~ n h a b i t a n t s : Taj i ks, Ki zi l bashi s and Hindus. (I.B.C.)
KAREZ-I-MIRWAL J'w kt
34- 69-. A vi l l a ge of 10 h o u s e s i n t h e nor t he r n port i on of the
Logar val l ey. I nhabi t ant s : Ahmadzai G hi l zai s. (Euan Smith.)
KAREZ-I-MIRZA AHMAD
Jj r jJ
34- 69-. A vi l l a ge i n Logar , be t we e n Dadu Khel and Purak; 1 2
h o u s e s of Ahmadzai Ghi l zai s. (I.B.C.)
KAREZ-I-OBA See OBA 9'
KAREZ-I-PIARO KHEL
( 7 ) Lb*Lc;ut
34- 69-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e nor t he r n por t i on of t h e Logar valley.
I nhabi t ant s : Pi aro Khel a n d Sul ai man Khe l G hi l z a i s . ( Cl i f f or d,
Euan Smith.)
KAREZ-I-RAHMATULLA
d ! ~ , k 6
33-59 69-15. An encampi ng gr ound, 1 m i l e s out he a s t of Kushi, on
t h e road t o t h e Shut ur Gardan. (I.B.C.)
KAREZ-I-SAIYIDAN
34- 69-. A vi l l age of 8 h o u s e s i n t h e nor t he r n port i on of the
Logar val l ey. I nhabi t ant s : Sayyid 8. (Euan Smith .)
*KAREZ-I-SURKH
AJ 6
34-18 68-36 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d about 3 m i l e s nor t h of Sewak and
s out hwes t of Nerkh in Maidan province.
KAREZ-I-USMAN KHAN 3birLbiv6
33- 69-. A vi l l age about 25 m i l e s s o u t h o f Ghazni. Near t hi s, on
h i s advance t o Ghazni , Gener al ~ o t t ' s rear-guard was at t acked by a
Part y of t h e enemy who were, however, di sper sed by Christie' s horse*
( N o t t .)
&j
KARGA
34-40 67-9 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d nor t h of t h e Kuh-i-Baba ranget near
Sar-i-Qol in Bamian pr ovi nce.
J'
-
KARGA I
32-13 68-8 m.
A vi l l age l oc a t e d s out h of t h e Shi nkai Char and
nor t hwest of Wazakhwa in sout her n Ghazni province.
*KARGAN
a 6
ir J
33-25 68-14 m.
A vi l l age l oc a t e d near Bagai, some 15 miles south-
w e s t of Ghazni.
i j
MRGHA
34-33 69-3 m.
A vi l l age in Paghman, hal f - vay t o Kabul from paghrnan
vi l l age.
I t is ve r y f e r t i l e , and t h e l and bel ongs t o ~ i z l l b . ~ h i S ~
with a f ew Gadi Hazara settlers. The r e a r e f our f o r t s . (1.B.C.)
Another pl ace wi t h t h i s name is on t h e e a s t bank of t h e Helmand,
sout h of ~ h u s h q o l , a t 34-9 67-17 m. ( LWA)
33-56 68-11 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed on t h e Shemel t u st r eam, about 1
mile nor t h of Taybum i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
j b b
KARGHA I (KARAGHAYA)
34-33 70-15 A. ~ a r g h a i is a wol eswal i i n Laghman pr ovi nce. The
woleswali, whi ch c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 276 s qua r e ki l omet er s, ha s an
agr i cul t ur al popul at i on t h a t has been es t i mat ed a t from 17, 703 t o
29,653. I t is bounded in t h e nor t h by Mehterlam and Alingar, in t h e
eas t by ~ar a- i - Nur and Kauz Kunar, i n t h e s out h by Kats Aziz Khan,
and i n t h e west by Sarobi. The wol eswal i c ont a i ns 99 vi l l ages , 17
of which have more t han 500 i nhabi t ant s . The vi l l ages a r e l i s t e d in
t he PG a s f ol l ows: ~ar ya- i - Char bag h, Shamshi r abad, Kar Parah, Kula-
l an, ~a l a - i - Muf t i , Tar nak, Qala-i-Zaman Khan, Qarya-i-Hada Pur ,
Dehmanc h i (Damanji), Sur Sang i (Sur k h Sang i) , ~al a-i -Qazi , ~ a c h a r i ,
Mahi Gi r an, Naj aran, Qala-i-Pac ha (Qala-i-Pad s ha h) , Qala-i-Hajiha,
Qala-i-Ak hund , Kargarha, Bag hban Kocha, Shar-i-C har Bag h, Qarya-i-
Sur at i , Deh Mazang- i - Qar ghai , Mandr awar ( Mandawor ) , Kamal pur
(Kamalpur-i-Yaumapur), Mushina, Fer ozabad, Kuna G har, Bandah Mehr-
Del, Bela Fa t hul l a , Mansur Kalai, Kaj ur ah, Deh Mirak Kalai, Deh
Mulla Sahi b Kalai, Bag ha1 Bandah, Logarlam, Lamtak, Barakat Khan,
Abdurahim-Zai ( ~ b d urahim) , Sangar i (Sang ur) , Husainabad, G hundi-i-
Abdur ahi mzai (Qarya-i-G h u n d i ) , Za n g o r a - i - ~b d ur ahi mzai , Nau D e h
Mardah (Nau D e h-i-Mala) , Qabila, Mulla Khel, Bolan-i-Suf l a, Bolan-i-
Ulya, Dara-i-G har (Darg ha), And ud, Dara-i-Lam, Bal uc ha ba d, Lam ti
Sulaiman Khel, Lamti Sahak, Aghrabad-i-Khas, Sangar Khel, Addin
Khel, Tarnag, Shahi Khel, Ibrahim Khel, Nur-i-Ag hr abad, Char Qala,
Abbas Khel , Qala-i-Haji Gul Dad-i -Aghrabad, Ambar, Band-i-Payan,
Zarina-i-Sufla (Zerani ), Zarina-i-Ulya, Qar ya- i - Sar f e r a z Khan, Qal a-
i-Taj Moh'd Khan, Dandar (Dahandar), Kharot i , Tarah Khel, Fat ur
Gamba ( Pat ogobah) , Kakats, Zara Qala, Farman Khel, Sar Kando Baba
(Kaj-i-Moh' d A l i Khan) , Qala-i-Malik ( Qal a- i - Tak) , Aminabad, Ut r a
G u l f Sha hi da n, Nauabad-i-Musa, Kaj-i-Miya Khan, Khai r o Khel ,
Surkhakan, Nasser, Qala-i-Rahim, La1 Khanabad, Kutub Khel-i-Kundah,
Chora Khel-i-Kundah, DO pi Kunda, Kundah, Qala-i-Qazi Mandra w 01,
Miya
Khel, Farman Khel , Sa f a r Khel , Kashmand, Zangor a- i - I l yas Khel ,
Ser kai Tsaparai, Qasemabad, Nahr-i-Karim, Shahbab, Kampurah, Kaj-i-
Aminabad, Kamsun, Bacha-i-Siyab, Nasir, and Kaj-i-Rokai. ( LWA) In
1914 Karghai was de s c r i be d a s f ol l ows: A vi l l age i n Laghman, on t h e
l e f t bank of t h e Alingar r i ver , about 16-1/2 miles from Jalalabad.
I t i s s i t uat ed on a mound, e xa c t l y o p p o s i t e t h e vi l l age of Mandrawar
and about 1-1/2 miles t her ef r om. The i nhabi t ant s a r e Taj i ks and
Jab= Khel Ghi l zai s. A t Karghai t h e Alingar r i ve r is c r o s s e d by a
road l eadi ng from Jalalabad t o Faraj ghan. The wat er a t t h e f or d is
sai d t o be of no d e p t h , and t h e r e is a r u d e b r i d g e f o r f o o t
Passenger s and a l s o a masak r a f t f er r y. The Ami r is sai d (1906) t o
be bui l di ng a pucca br i dge her e.
(I.B.C.)
34-50 71-5 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed on a t r i but ar y of t h e Kunar, some 7
miles s out hwe s t of Chagha ~ a r a i i n Kunar pr ovi nce.
KARGHANATU &,i
34-47 67-23 m. A gl e n dr ai ni ng nor t h- nor t he a s t from t h e Koh-i-Baba
t o t h e Bamian val l ey. The hal t i ng- pl ace of t h i s name (elevation
10, 845' ) , on t h e Bamian-Daulat Yar r oad, is near t h e poi nt where the
gl e n is f or med by t h e j unct i on of t h r e e t agaos. Looking towards
t h e m, t h e c e n t r e o n e is Sar - i - Kar ghanat u; t h a t t o t h e l e f t is
Walangak; t h e one t o t h e r i g h t is Nobala Sokht a. Ther e are said t o
be, i n all, e l e ve n vi l l a ge s i n t h e Karghanat u and its tributaries.
( See "Bamian District"). Sever al a r e vi s i bl e, and within a short
di s t a nc e . On t h e main st r eam, and c l o s e t o it, is Khair Khana.
Beyond, on t h e Walangak wat er , a r e t h e t wo adj acent hamlets of Kala
Kohna. Up Walangak is t h e f o r t of t h e same name. Up t he Sar-i-
Kar ghanat u a r e t h e f o r t s of Kala Abbas and Chahar Chashmal. Near
t h e mout h of t h e same gl e n is Tob Al i . Lower down t h e main glen,
and on t h e o p p o s i t e s i d e , is Kala Zafar Naib; but it is deser t ed, or
near l y so.
Below t h i s pl a c e t h e gl e n is shal l ow, and about a m i l e wide. Lower
down it c o n t r a c t s t o a d e f i l e and t h e r e is no road down it.
From t h e t o p of Sar-i-Karghanatu t h e r e is a road over t h e main range
by t h e Dul gha Kotal t o Sar-i-Bulak. his pa s s is hi gher than the
Zard Sang and was bl oc ke d by snow i n Oct ober 1885. (Maitland.)
KARGHAN I ( jsj jV
A s e c t i o n of t h e J a gha t u Hazaras. ( See Military Repor t on Hazara-
j a t , P a r t 11.)
*KARGHANI j';i
33-39 68-6 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on t h e Dara-i-Yusuf, about 1 mile
nor t h of Nadri i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
KARH I
33- 69-. A haml et i n t h e I s t i a r val l ey, 8 miles nor t hwest of t h e
I s t i a r pas s . The vi l l age s t a n d s on hi gh gr ound. (Kane.)
KARIAK See BIRGALICH
43
*KARIA KULI 943
34-29 67-8 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on t h e Tarapas st ream, a tributary
of t h e Dara-i-Mur i n Bamian pr ovi nce.
KARI A JALI L
*w
33-35 68-10 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d about 1 2 miles west of ~ h a z n f on
t h e way t o Babur over t h e Kotal-i-Jalil.
S. 46
w e s t of Haska Mina i n ~ a n ~ a r h a r pr ovi nce.
KARIM DAD KHEL &J\ J ~ J
A t r i be r e ga r di ng whi ch Masson ha s t h e f ol l owi ng note:
"To t he
nor t h of t h e pl ai n of Bagram, it ha s an a br upt de s c e nt i nt o the
c ul t i va t e d l a nds and p a s t u r e s of t h e Baltu Khel and Karim Dad Khe'
fami l i es. " ( Masson. )
Thi s t r i b e i s sai d t o be a s e c t i on of t h e Jaghat u Hazaras. ( I * LC* )
c . , ~ J
KARIM KHAN
- ,
34- 69-. A f o r t of Aoshar, in t h e Char d& val l ey of Kabul. Four
t owe r s . The pl ace c o n t a i n s 4 0 f a m i l i es- - al l ~ i z i l b a s h i ~ of t h e
Aoshar section-. (I.B.C.)
*KARIMKHEL &d
34-16 69-43 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a s t r eam a bout 2 miles s o u t h of
~ o a o and s o u t h of ~ a r o b i i n Nangar har pr ovi nce.
KAR I NDA
34-45 69-9 G. A vi l l a ge in t h e Koh Daman, 2-1/2 m i l e s s o u t h of Ak
Sarai. In 1880 t h i s vi Ua ge c ont a i ne d 400 hous e s . I nhabi t ant s :
Tajiks. The headman of t h e vi l l age, Rustam Khan, is s ai d t o have
been s h o t by Cavagnar i j u s t b e f o r e t h e l a t t e r f e l l , i n Se pt e mbe r
1879. (Ki nl och, I.B.C.)
KARINJ
*J
34-46 70-13 m. A mount ai n r a nge whi ch s e p a r a t e s t h e Al i shang and
Alingar val l eys. It pr obabl y f or ms t h e we s t e r n boundar y o f Kafi ri -
st an. I t s h i g h e s t peak is ove r 14, 000 f e e t . Recent maps s how t h e
s pel l i ng Karanj Ghar. (LWA)
KARKACH Or KAH KATS
(p) $ J ~
34-29 70-4 m. A vi l l a ge i n Laghman, on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Kabul
r i ver , 2 miles west o f Gi r di Kat s and 6-1/2 m i l e s w e s t o f Khai ro
Khel. Karkach is an i n s i g n i f i c a n t vi l l age, but ha s a smal l f o r t
with t wo t ower s of no s t r engt h. (Young.)
KARKACHA 4$
34-20 69-39 m. A s p u r from t h e Sa f e d Koh whi ch c u t s a c r o s s t h e
ext r eme west of t h e Jalalabad val l ey. It is t h e l a s t and h i g h e s t o f
t h e r i d g e s whi ch a r e c r o s s e d on t h e r oad t o Kabul from Jal al abad,
t h e s t r eams from its e a s t f a c e f al l i ng i n t o t h e Sur khab, whi l e t h o s e
of t h e o p p o s i t e s i d e j oi n t h e r i ve r of Logar. Its d i r e c t i o n is
r oughl y N.N.E. and S.S.W. and its wi dt h a bout 8 m i l e s . The p a s s e s
l eadi ng over it, commenci ng from t h e s o u t h , a r e Kar kacha, I r o Man-
zi l , and Lat aband.
The summit of t h e Kar kacha p a s s lies 8, 000 f e e t above t h e sea. I t
is c r os s e d by a s ubs i di a r y r oad, d i f f i c u l t f o r mu l e s , l e a di ng from
Gandamak t o But khak. The h i l l s a r e of bl ue s l a t e c a p p e d wi t h l i m e -
st one, and a r e ba r e of gr a s s . A f i n e d e o d a r f o r e s t e x i s t e d f or mer -
l y, but it ha s l ong s i n c e been d e s t r o y e d by char coal - bur ner s . With-
in 200 f e e t of t h e summit a r e t h e r ui ns of what must onc e have be e n
a ver y s t r ongl y- bui l t br i c k f o r t . (Wood, J enki ns . )
KARKANAI &
34-38 70-21 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a st r eam r unni ng s o u t h t o
Charbagh i n Laghman pr ovi nce. Anot her pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is
l ocat ed on a st r eam some 8 m i l e s s o u t h we s t o f Ghani khel , a t 34-5 70-
39 m.
*KARKOT +JJu
35-0 71-27 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d about 2 miles e a s t of Dangam i n
eas t er n Kunar pr ovi nce.
*KARLAI J J ~
34-59 68-57 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y o f t h e ~ h o r b a n d ,
s out he a s t of Abgi rd i n Parwan pr ovi nce.
KARLUK
A s ect i on of t he Shai kh A l i Hazaras.
KARMA 4
33-20 68-51 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d about hal f way be t we e n ~ o t a k h a n and
Kolalgu in we s t e r n Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
KARMANA &, A
33-54 69-39 m. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Hari ob, 2 miles s out h of Ali Khel;
25 h o u s e s , and a f a i r amount o f Cul t i vat i on.
Here t h e road t o Sapti
b r a n c h e s o f f . ( I B C Re c e n t maps s h o w t h e s pe l l i ng Khermana,
(LWA.)
dl$
KARNALA ( See Mi l i t a r y Repor t on Ha z a r a j a t , P a r t 11.)
33-2 68-31 G. A l a r g e g l e n dr a i ni ng n o r t h e a s t wa r d s i nt o t h e Khawat
va l l e y.
dl$
KARNALA ( See Mi l i t a r y Repor t on Ha z a r a j a t , P a r t 11.)
33-55 68-6 G. Two k o t a l s ove r t h e Si ah Reg hi l l s , c r os s e d by the
G hazni-Yak h Walang road.
KARNALA ( See Mi l i t a r y Repor t on Ha z a r a j a t , P a r t 11.) dkj
33-55 68-6 G. A smal l f o r t i f i e d haml et i n t h e Karnala gl en, about 4
m i l e s n o r t h o f t h e n o r t h e r n k o t a l of t h e same name.
KARODI L d~d
34-18 65-37 A. A k o t a l on t h e wa t e r s h e d s e pa r a t i ng Dai Kundi from
Taimani c ount r y. I t is d e s c r i b e d i n Volume 3.
KARSHATAL See KHARSHATAL &J
* KARTATUT
G+ &J
34-3 70-39 m. A vi l l a ge l o c a t e d on a st r eam r unni ng nor t heast to
Ghani khel i n Nangar har pr ovi nce.
KARUNG
34-59 71-4 m. A vi l l a ge on a s t r eam r unni ng s out he a s t i nt o t he
Kunar a t Cha gha Sar ai i n Kunar pr ovi nce.
KARYA YUSUF ( See Mi l i t a r y Repor t on Ha z a r a j a t , Pa r t 11. )
&J, hji
A r a n g e o f mount ai ns whi c h lies t o t h e west o f t h e Gu l Koh, and
e x t e n d s from Sar-i-Ab t o t h e Wardak country.
KASABA
4
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Sur kha b di vi s i on o f t h e Jalalabad dis-
trict. I nha bi t a nt s : Taj i ks , De hga ns and ~ i z i l b a s h i s . Thi s village
c o n s i s t s of t h e t wo ha ml e t s Banda-i-Ambar Shah and ~anda-i -Muft i
Sul t an. ( Jenkyns. ) One p l a c e wi t h t h i s name is l ocat ed north of
Jal al abad on t h e Al i ngar r i ve r , a t 34-44 70-17 m.
u LU
KASAN
34-28 68-39 m. A v i u a q e l oc a t e d about 1 mile s o u t h e a s t of ~ a l i z On
t h e Maidan r i v e r i n m aid an pr ovi nce.
KASH ( See ~ i l i t a r y Repor t on Ha z a r a j a t , Pa r t 11.) 3
A l o c a l i t y i n Uj a r i s t a n.
KASHAR KATS
34- 70-.
r oad f r om
p a s s e s , 3
urmur. ~t
wi t h 40 y
$ A
A vi l l a ge on t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e Kabul r i ver , on t he
Jal al abad t o Jagdal ak by t h e Darunta and Adrag Badrag
miles W e s t of Gi r di Kat s, and about 2 miles sout heast
P o s s e s s e s a bout 100 h o u s e s and a small s qua r e mud f or t
' ar d f a c e s , t h e r oad r unni ng t h r o u g h t h e mi ddl e of the
vi l l a ge and u n d e r t h e f o r t wal l s. ( Hol di ch. )
KASHIF KALA
~ . i t i 4
34- 69-. A f o r t i n t h e Char deh val l ey of Kabul, bet ween Kala-i-
iazil Beg and Baghwana. Four t ower s , I nhabi t ant s: Taj i ks; 30
houses. (1.B.c.)
KASHKA
$4 .s
34-46 68-2. El evat i on 8, 900 f e e t . A p a s s over a s p u r of t h e oh-i-
Baba s epar at i ng t h e Irak gl e n from t h e Bamian valley. I t lies about
19 miles nor t h- nor t hwe s t of t h e Irak pa s s , and is c r o s s e d by t h e
road l eadi ng from Kabul t o Bamian vi a t h e Irak pas s . Thi s road i s
joined, on t h e t o p of t h e Kashka Kotal by a not he r l eadi ng from t h e
Shi bar p a s s a nd t h e Ghor ba nd va l l e y. Th e Ka s hka Kot al is
pr act i cabl e f o r camel s. Peacocke, who went over t h e road l eadi ng up
t o t h e kot al i n 1886, says:
"The Kashka Kotal, it is s u g g e s t e d , would be a good pos i t i on, f aci ng
west al ong t h e c r e . s t of t h e d a s h t or s a ddl e , t o c l o s e a t one and t h e
same t i m e bot h t h e Irak and Shi bar r oads . I have not s e e n t h e d r o p
from t h e kot al t owa r ds Zohak, but it is sai d t o be f ai r l y s t e e p , and
t o be capabl e of bei ng s we p t by f i r e from t h e crest. The c r e s t is
qui t e 2 miles l ong, wi t h r ugge d and i na c c e s s i bl e hi l l s r i s i ng on
each fl ank. The onl y road t ur ni ng its l e f t f l ank is t h e pa t h l ead-
ing from t h e Kalu val l ey a t 1 m i l e above Kala Pai Muri and down t h e
Dara Jandargal--a most d i f f i c u l t pat h e x c e p t f o r s i n g l e men on f oot ,
and easi l y guar ded. On t h e r i g h t f l ank t h e onl y l i ne by whi ch it
can be t ur ned is t h e bad f oot - pat h down t h e Bamian r i ve r t o Shi kar i ,
and t he n up t h e l ower end of t h e Dara Bulola--a pa t h a l s o e a s i l y
obst r uct ed and guar ded. The r e is wat er c l o s e by i n t h e Irak val l ey,
and bot h t h e Irak and Shi bar r out e would be avai l abl e f o r a r e t r e a t .
The site would a ppe a r t o recommend i t s e l f s t r ongl y a s bei ng j u s t t h e
place wher e a f o r t or ent r enchment mi ght be j udi ci ousl y empl oyed,
and I would advocat e t h e c ons t r uc t i on of a s t r ong work a t t h i s
point. The pa s s a ge of t r o o p s over t h e Kashka Kotal is r e s t r i c t e d
t o, a t be s t , t h e open 2 miles of kot al , and a s i ngl e work on t h e
cent r e of t h i s broad ope n c r e s t would c l os e al l pas s age, e x c e p t a t
ni ght , and would bar bot h t h e Irak and Shi bar r oa ds from t h e di r e c -
tion of Bamian, t h e onl y di r e c t i on pr act i cal l y from whi ch t h e y can
be appr oached. Such a work by s e c ur i ng t h e nor t he r n e x i t of t h e
Shibar and Irak pa s s e s , t h e t wo b e s t (Si nce t h i s was wr i t t en t h e
road over t h e Hajigak p a s s ha s been i mproved and is now b e t t e r t ha n
t ha t over t h e Irak.) p a s s e s over t h e Hindu Kush, would gi ve t o a
Kabul f or c e t h e means of i ni t i at i ng ope r a t i ons in Tur ki st an, would
gi ve a f eel i ng of s e c ur i t y t o any Kabul f o r c e advanced t owa r ds
Haibak, and would cover any pos s i bl e r e t r e a t . The onl y obj ect i on t o
t h e s i t e is t h e a bs e nc e of wat er on t h e kot al ; but , j udgi ng from t h e
bold manner in whi ch wat er has been c onduc t e d over t h e Khushkak
Kot d t o Khushkak, t h e r e would be no d i f f i c u l t y i n conduct i ng wat er
t o t h e Kash ka Kotal by a jui from t h e Dara Jandar gal .
In t h e r ear of t h e Kashka Kotal any pos i t i on i n t h e BuloLa val l ey a s
hi gh Up i t a s t h e Dara Shumbal is t ur ne d by t h e road from Kala Irak
by Khushkak and t h e Jolah Kotal, and not hi ng f u r t h e r coul d be
at t empt ed t h e r e t han bl ocki ng t h e road ( easi l y done a t any t i m e a t
Tan9i Kamandi and a t Tangi Sang Nawi sht a). Kala Bulola a f f o r d s
f aci l i t y f o r de f e ndi ng t h e Bulola val l ey, but can be t ur ned by t h e
I r ak- Jol ah r o a d , and is onl y u s e f u l f o r a r e a r - gua r d act i on. "
(Peacocke . )
KASHKOT dL;S
34- 70-. A st r eam of t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t , gi vi ng its name t o
t he subdivision ot her wi se known as Besud.
KASHMUND d
34- 70-. A s t r o n g h o l d i n t h e mount ai ns n o r t h of t h e ~a s ht - i -
~ a r n b e r i , be t we e n t h e S a f i and t h e Ghi l zai count r y. The position of
t h i s c o l l e c t i o n of f o r t s is d e s c r i b e d a s i mpr egnabl e, and t h e place
is t h e r e f u g e of a l l t h e bad c h a r a c t e r s i n Af ghani s t an.
Some of t h e f o r t s be l ong t o t h e Ghi l zai s , s ome t o t h e Saf i s , and the
mount ai ns on whi c h t h e y s t a n d a r e known a s t h e Koh-i-Kashmund--see
" ~ u n a r . "
Th e f ami l y and a d h e r e n t s o f t h e Ghi l zai c h i e f I smat ul l a Khan fled to
t h i s s a nc t ua r y on t h e a r r e s t o f I smat ul l a Khan i n t h e end of 1881.
Kashmund is s a i d t o b e t wo ma r c he s f r om Chi g ha Sarai in t h e Kunar
val l ey. ( B C A mount ai n wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 34-40 70-
25m. And a vi l l a ge is a bout 14 m i l e s n o r t h we s t o f Shi va in Kunar,
a t 34-38 70-27 G. (LWA.)
KASHTAN
(A) "ks
35-23 71-18 G. El evat i on 5, 960 f e e t . A l a r g e Kafi ri st an village
s i t u a t e d a s h o r t d i s t a n c e u p t h e Ni c hi ngul t o r r e n t on t h e r i g h t bank
o f whi c h it is b u i l t h i g h a bove t h e wat er . I t is t h e headquart ers
o f a smal l t r i b e o f Ka f i r s f r om whi c h t h e vi l l a ge t a k e s its name.
Th e Kasht an f or me r l y h e l d t h e vi l l a ge o f Dungul in t h e valley of t he
same name, b u t were d r i v e n t h e n c e by t h e Af ghans. Kashtan village
c o n t a i n s a bout 200 h o u s e s , and mus t b e g r e a t l y over cr owded. I t has
a smal l s u b u r b above, and a s h o r t d i s t a n c e from t h e main village,
whi c h is e n t i r e l y u n d e f e n d e d . The c ul t i va bl e gr ound is suf f i ci ent
f o r t h e pe opl e . ( Rober t son. ) Re c e nt maps s how t h e name Kushtoz i n
t h i s ar ea, a t 35-23 71-19 m. (LWA.)
KASI See KASSI Lrs
KASIM c
33- 6%. One o f t h e Ahmad Khel vi l l a ge s on t h e r i g h t bank of t he
Ha z r da r a kht s t r eam, s o u t h e a s t o f A l i Khel. ~t is si t uat ed i n a
smal l val l ey, and is s a i d t o c ont a i n 100 f i g h t i n g men. No suppl i es
a r e a v a i l a b l e . (I.B.C., J o h n s t o n . ) A v i l l a g e wi t h t h i s name i s
l o c a t e d n o r t h e a s t of Ga r de z i n Pakt i a, a t 33-36 69-26 G. (LWA. )
KAS IMABAD
, LT rb
34-27 70-27 G. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Besud di vi s i on of t h e ~alalabad
d i s t r i c t , s i t u a t e d on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Kabul r i ver , about 1/2
m i l e s bel ow Ehhrabad. I nhabi t ant s : Deh gans , Taj i ks and Af g bans.
( Jenkyns . )
KASIM KALA &r6
34- 69-. An ol d d e s e r t e d f o r t , 1 3 m i l e s from Kabul, on t h e ~ h a z n i
r oad, s i t u a t e d i n a b e a u t i f u l and h i g h l y c ul t i va t e d valley near t h e
bank o f a f e e d e r o f t h e Kabul r i ver . A pl ace cal l ed Kasim Kola is
l o c a t e d a f e w miles s o u t h we s t o f Yahya ~ h e l , a t 32-54 68-36 m e It
is on t h e road from Zarghunshahr t o Gardez.
KASIM KHEL
&,ti
33-57 69-26 A. A ha l t i ng pl a c e on t h e Paiwar-Kabul r out e, i n t he
val l ey be t we e n t h e Sur ka i and Sh u t u r Gardan kot al s .
Ther e is *Oom
f o r an e x c e l l e n t campi ng gr ound f o r 10, 000 men, wi t h a good wat er-
Suppl y. The r e is f a i r gr a z i ng i n t h e summer, and f u e l is Procurable
a t a s h o r t di s t a nc e . (I.B.C.)
,Orb
KASMABAD
A vi l l a ge in Laghman, oc c upi e d by Dehgans , and cons i s t i ng
f our
haml et s , viz.:
1. Sa nj i r
2. Banda-i-Malik Hamid
3. Banda-i-Mulla Badshah Gul
4. Banda-i-Tuti. (Warburton.)
KASSI , $
34-18 69-53 G. A vi l l age on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Sur khab r i ver , 2
miles s out hwe s t of Sur khpul , and
t h e same di s t a nc e w e s t of Asphan.
.~ --
~ l s o a mountain i n ~ a t a wa z , Ghazni, a t 31-51 68-18 G. (LWA. )
.-j, J*;S
KATA DARAKHT
34-23 66-36 G. A vi l l age of 30 hous e s in t h e Dai Zangi d i s t r i c t .
(See Military Repor t on Hazarajat, Par t 11.)
KATAGHAN 3
Lhi
A l ar ge s e c t i on of t h e Jaghat u Hazaras. ( See Military Repor t on
Hazr aj at , Pa r t 11.)
KATA KALA
d . 5
34-42 67-9 m. Kata Kala Pain and Kata Kala Bala a r e t wo vi l l ages i n
t h e s out he a s t of t h e Yak Walang d i s t r i c t , s i t ua t e d in t h e Sar-i-Kol
glen, t o g e t h e r cont ai ni ng 40 f ami l i es of Hazaras. (A.B.C.) A f o r t
with t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 34-22 66-57 G.
*UTA KALA
4d.d
34-19 67-50 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed about t wo miles s out h of Behsud in
Maidan pr ovi nce. Anot her pl ace wi t h t h i s name is l ocat ed near
Alaqala in t h e Sur khs ang ar ea, s out h w e s t of Behsud, i n Maidan prov-
ince a t 34-14 67-45 m.
KATA KHAK
dLrS
34-29 67-35 m. See Military Repor t on Hazarajat, Par t 11. Thr e e
vi l l ages, Vi s . , Sar-i-Kata Khak, Kata Khak pr ope r , and Pain-i-Kata
Khak, in t h e Besud count r y. The vi l l age of Kata Khak is l ocat ed on
t he stream of t h e same name, about 20 m i l e s nor t hwe s t of Behsud.
(LWA . )
*KATA KHEL &A
34-31 68-52 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d s ome 4 mi l e s n o r t h we s t of
Arghanday in Kabul pr ovi nce. Anot her pl ace wi t h t h i s name is nor t h-
eas t of Kabul, and some 5 miles nor t h of t h e Kabul-Sarobi r oad, a t
34-37 69-21 m.
KATAL Or KATAR J
I5
34-5 68-1 m. A t 7-1/2 miles nor t h of Bokan t h e Ghazni-Besud road
Passes bet ween t wo f o r t s . That on t h e l e f t is cal l ed Katal. The
ot her , about 500 ya r ds o f f , i s cal l ed Doburja. Anot her vi l l age wi t h
t hi s name is about 10 m i l e s nor t hwe s t of Asadabad ( Chaghasar ai ) , a t
34-58 71-5 m.
KRTAR Or KATIR S
A t r i be of Si ahposh Kaf i r s, who, accor di ng t o Ravert y, i nhabi t t h e
valley Of Nurgul, whi ch t h e y a r e sai d t o have hel d in Babar' s t i m e .
St ewart , however , pl aces t hem e a s t of t h e e a s t e r n wat er s hed of t h e
Alingar. Rober t son s a ys t h e Kat i rs a r e probabl y more i mpor t ant ,
numerically c ons i de r e d, t han all t h e remaining t r i b e s of Kaf i r i st an
Put t oge t he r . See "Kafiristan." (Ravert y, St ewart . )
KATAR SUM Or QATAR SUM
r rb
35- 67-. El evat i on 10, 920 f e e t . A p a s s l eadi ng i nt o t h e Saighan
val l ey from t h e s out h. I t is c r o s s e d by t h e main road from Kabul to
~a z a r - i - Sha r i f a t about 4-1/4 miles nor t h of t h e Ak Robat Kotal.
( The Katar Sum is somet i mes s p o k e n of a s t h e s e c ond, or northern, ~k
Robat Kotal.)
The a s c e n t from t h e s o u t h is not di f f i c ul t ; wheeled
guns would most easily reach t h e s u mmi t by keeping in a water-course
whi ch r u n s up a hol l ow t o t h e l e f t of t h e r oad. The des cent on the
nor t he r n s i d e is more d i f f i c u l t , b u t 200 men coul d make it f i t for
t aki ng wheeled guns down by hand by clearing away stones. To make a
p r o p e r gun-road a new al i gnment would have t o be a dopt e d, probably
al ong t h e s l o p e t o t h e e a s t of t h e p r e s e n t road. A s f ar as can be
j udge d t h i s would not be d i f f i c u l t . I.B.C. A vi l l age with this
name is on t h e r oad from Bamian t o Qurgan, nor t hwe s t of t h e former,
a t 35-0 67-40 m. (LWA.)
KATA SANG &d
35- 69-. El evat i on 11, 480 f e e t . A hal t i ng pl ace 6-1/2 miles north
of t h e Kaoshan Kotal.
KATA SANG s[;ld
35- 69-. A p o s t a t t h e f o o t of t h e Sur kha i Kotal whi ch marks the
boundar y be t we e n t h e J a j i s and t h e Ghi l zai s a t t h e head of the
Kurram val l ey. (Lumsden, Bel l e w .)
KATA SANG
3;J5
34-29 69-43 m- El evat i on 4,750 f e e t . A hal t i ng pl ace on t h e ~ud- i -
Kata Sang, 7-1/2 miles from Jagdal ak and 58-1/4 miles from Jalala-
bad Water pl e nt i f ul ; s ur r oundi ng c ount r y barren. No supplies
avai l abl e. Fuel abundant . The campi ng gr ound used i n t h e campaign,
1870-80, was i n t h e bed of t h e st r eam, about 3 miles west of Sang
Todd-
From Katar Sang, a road br a nc he s o f f t o Sarobi where it joins
t h e J al al abad- ~abul r oad via t h e Tang-i-Ghora. (Johnst on, I.B.C.)
KATA SANG
&A
34-20 69-12 m. A vi l l age of 40 h o u s e s in t h e nor t her n portion of
t h e Logar val l ey, and on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e r i ver of f t he main
r o a d . ( Euan Smi t h , Cl i f f or d. )
*KATA SANG
&LS
34-55 68-26 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d in t h e Ghorband valley, Some 5
miles s o u t h we s t o f Shai kh Al i i n parwan pr ovi nce. Another village
wi t h t h i s name is s o u t h we s t of Baraki Barak and nor t h of ~bj ush- i -
Bala i n Logar pr ovi nc e a t 33-52 68-50m.
KATAWAZ
jg
32-51 68-27.
Katawaz is a wol eswal i i n Ghazni provi nce.
The wole9-
wall c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 277 s qua r e ki l omet er s and has an agricul-
t ur a l popul at i on t h a t ha s been es t i mat ed a t from 6,740 t o 8,666.
The wol eswal i is bounded i n t h e w e s t by Giru, in t h e sout h by Jani
Khel, in t h e e a s t by Sul t an Khel, and in t h e nor t h by yusuf Khel *
Katawaz ha s about 17 vi l l ages , s e ve n of whi ch have more than
i nhabi t ant s . The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s fol l ows:
Zarqhun
Shahr , Bal u Khel, Gad01 Ya Chambar Haji Pahlawan, Khair Kot, noh' *
Hasan, Payenda Khel, Mohfd Dost , s e h Dana, ~ a l i r a i , Zafar
Abdul Shah (Gadol-i-Moh' d Shah) , l amor Khel, Sha Gul Qala, Omar lthan
Qala, Omari Qala (Gawdal ), Baki Khel, Magi, Shah Wdi ~ o h ' d t
and Zawaka. (LWA) In 1914 t h e ar ea was de s c r i be d a s follows:
A
d i s t r i c t of t h e Ghi l zai count r y, about whi ch har dl y anything
known. I t s l e n g t h is sai d t o be about 48 mi l es, br eadt h z 4
The pl ai n is l e v e l and ope n, bounded on t h e east by t h e Kohnak
and w e s t by lower h i l l s o f Kat asang and Zhera. To t h e
nor t h it r e a c h e s Zurmat, and s o u t h is e n d e d by Lul uzai and t h e Ab-i-
I st ada l ake. The val l ey is e n t e r e d on t h e e a s t by t h r e e p a s s e s ,
whi ch meet a t Kala Khar ot i , and on t h e w e s t by t h e p a s s e s of Gazdar a
and ~ h a r b i . Thi s d i s t r i c t bel ong e nt i r e l y t o t h e Sulaiman Khel; t h e
s e t t l e d t r i b e s l i vi ng i n t h e c e n t r e o f t h e val l ey, and t h e nomads
wanderi ng a bout t h e f o o t o f t h e mout ai ns. The Powi ndah r o u t e f r om
Ghazni t o t h e Punj ab vi a t h e Gumal r u n s t h r o u g h t h e d i s t r i c t , and is
used by t h e Powi ndahs i n t h e i r annual mi gr at i ons .
The v i l l a g e s a r e g e n e r a l l y g r o u p s o f f i v e o r s i x f o r t s , e a c h
c o n t a i n i n g 1 0 t o 60 h o u s e s . T h e s e are f r om n o r t h t o s o u t h ,
Mi shkhel , Sul t a nkhe l , Pai ndakhel , Mi t t akhel , Malazai, Sha ki khe l ,
Shat khel , Kal andar khel , Adi nkhe l and Nasukhel ; beyond is Lul uzai o f
t h e Tar i ki s. When car avans pa s s i ng t h r o u g h Katawaz a r e t o o s t r o n g
t o be ove r powe r e d wi t h o u t l o s s , t h e y a r e onl y r e q u i r e d t o pay a
small t r i b u t e t o t h e t r i b e whos e l a n d s t h e y pa s s ; when t h e y are
we a ke r , t h e i mp o s t is a l i t t l e h i g h e r , a nd i f o n l y a f e w
i ndi vi dual s, t h e y a r e , o r were, usual l y pl unde r e d. The g e n e r a l t a x
is R s . 1, o r 1 0 y a r d s o f c o a r s e c l o t h , f o r e v e r y e i g h t l o a d e d
camel s. I n f i d e l s pa y mor e. T r a d e r s a l wa y s c h o o s e t h e i r r oad
t hr ough Katawaz wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o t h e i r r e l a t i ons wi t h t h e t r i be .
(Broad f o o t , I.B.C.)
KATIHI &
Raverty ment i ons a t r i b e of Si a pos h Kaf i r s of t h i s name, but Rober t -
son d o e s not .
KATIR See KATAR A
KATLISH O r QATLISH &
34-40 66-18 m. A vi l l a ge i n Sar-i-Jangal. (see ~ i l i t a r y Re por t on
Hazar aj at , P a r t 11.)
KATS-I -AZ I Z KHAN &j gj S@
34-29 70-17 m. A vi l l a ge i n Laghman about 10 m i l e s from Jal al abad
on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Kabul r i v e r c ons i s t i ng o f t h e f ol l owi ng f i v e
hamlets:
(1) Waliabad
( 2) Ti r agar - Kander zai
(3) Rawat
( 4) Kal a- i - I smat ul l a Khan
(5) Aminabad.
The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Jabar Khel Ghi l zai s, Chi nzai s, and Dehgans.
Fodder f o r 10, 000 ani mal s f o r one day and a bout 1, 000 maunds o f
unground gr ai n is obt ai nabl e. The r e is a sar ai . The campi ng gr ound
is good. Fuel is pr ocur abl e. (Warburton.) Re c e nt maps s how t h e
"pel l i ng Azizk han Kac. (LWA.)
KATS-I-MIAN KHAN ciLdL.6
34- 70-. A vi l l age i n Laghman, on t h e l e f t bank o f t h e Kabul
r i ver , 2-1/2 m i l e s s o u t h we s t of Zerana, and 4-1/2 miles s o u t h e a s t o f
Kach Muhammad Al i Khan.
KATS Or KACH LAGHMAN ( o w$ ) 6
34-29 70-10. Tha t por t i on of t h e Laghman d i s t r i c t whi ch lies on t h e
r i g h t bank o f t h e Kabul r i ve r , havi ng a s its s o u t h e r n boundar y t h e
Siah Koh r ange, its e a s t e r n t h e Darunta pa s s , and its we s t e r n t h e
Adrag Badrag pass. I B C A vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is about 5
m i l e s nor t h of Chuki i n Kunar i n Nangarhar pr ovi nce, a t 34-44 70-52
G. (LWA.)
KATS MUHAMMAD ALI KHAN .L&+
34-31 69-59. A vi l l age in Laghman, on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Kabul
r i ver , 2 miles e a s t of t h e j unct i on of t h e Badpakht st r eam with t hat
r i v e r . I n h a b i t a n t s J a b a r Khe l Gh i l z a i s and Taj i ks. Fodder for
about 2,000 animals f o r one day and about 150 maunds of wheat,
b a r l e y a nd mai ze a r e obt a i na bl e . Fu e l a l s o is pr oc ur a bl e in
abundance. Camping gr ound is ve r y cr amped. An al t er nat i ve route
br a nc he s o f f from h e r e t o Kata Sang via Darga Kotal and from Kata
Sang r e j oi ns t h e Tangi Gharu road a t Sarobi. (Young, Johnston. )
KATTAL (9J6
A vi l l age i n Laghman. I nhabi t ant s: Babakar Khel and Muhammad Khel.
(Warburton. )
KATWAR See KTI J'#
KATWAR ) I d
35- 70-. A l a r g e vi l l age and f o r t bel ongi ng t o t h e Katwar or Kti,
Kafi rs, one day' s march s o u t h we s t (?) of t h e Kamah pass. The vil-
l a g e is sai d t o cont ai n 100 f ami l i es and t o have many or char ds, et c.
( I .B.C.)
KAUM-I -ALI 2 tJi
A s e c t i on of t h e Dai Kundi Hazaras. ( See Military Repor t on Hazara-
j a t , Pa r t 11.)
KAUM- I -BARF I Jfl f$
A s ubdi vi s i on of t h e Bacha-i-Ghulam cl an of t h e Dai Zangi Hazaras.
( See Military Repor t on Hazarajat, Par t 11.)
KAUM-I-DEHKAN
d 6 at$
A Sect i on of t h e Kaptasan cl an of t h e Besud Hazaras.
(See Military
Repor t on Hazarajat, Par t 11.) A vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is located
near t h e Kuh-i-Sai, a f e w miles s out h of t h e Helmand, a t 34-11 67-25
m.
KAUM-I-MIRZA
'ir t9
A s ubdi vi s i on of t h e Bacha-i-Ghulam clan of t h e Dai Zangi Hazaras-
(See Military Repor t on Hazarajat, Par t 11.)
MUM- I -MURAD
91, t$
A s ubdi vi s i on of t h e Yanghur cl an of t h e Dai Zangi Hazaras.
(See
Military Repor t on Hazarajat, Par t 11.)
KAUM-I-SULTAN 3u r$
A s ubdi vi s i on of t h e Yanghur cl an of t h e Dai Zangi Hazaras.
(See
Military Repor t on Hazarajat, Par t 11.)
KAUM-I-YARI t i
A s ubdi vi s i on of t h e Bacha-i-Ghulam of t h e Dai Zangi HazaraS.
( See Military Repor t on Hazarajat, Par t 11.)
d
KAUN OK KAHUN GHAR
dU
34-52 69-55 m.
El evat i on 10, 690 feet.
A mountain r ange lying to
t h e nor t h of t h e Kabul r i ver . A main s p u r from t h i s r ange rune down
i nt o Laqhman bet ween t h e val l eys of t h e Al i shang and Uzbin, subsid-
i ng i n t h e Da s ht - i - Zi a r a t , b e t we e n Mandrawar and t h e Ba dpa kht
stream; a not he r s p u r r unni ng down si mi l ar l y and s ubs i di ng be t we e n
t h e Badpakht s t r eam and Nagdlu. (I.B.C.)
KAUZ KUNAR
SJ
74-34 70-35. Kauz Kunar is a wol eswal i i n Nangar har pr ovi nce. The - - - -
woleswali c ompr i s e s an a r e a of 327 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s and h a s a
popul at i on t h a t h a s been e s t i ma t e d a t from 11, 728 t o 25, 425. The
woleswali is bounded i n t h e nor t h by Dara-i-Nur, i n t h e e a s t by Nur
Gul and Gos ht a Khwaja Zemar, i n t h e s o u t h by Kama and Be hs ud, and on
t h e west by Qar g hai. Kauz Kunar ha s a bout 32 vi l l a ge s , 16 of whi c h
have more t ha n 500 i nha bi t a nt s . The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG
as f ol l ows: Gur i k, Kata Snag, Shi gi , Belawri, Bangab, Huz Bagh,
Hawz Bag h, Sar Band, Qala-i-Pad s ha hi , Bazarak, Kachr ah, Qalah-i-Shad
Khan, Koti, Taran, Qala-i-Tak ( Qal a- i - At ak) , Qal a- i - Zar gar an, Qala-
i-Khuram, Sader gak, Kash kot-i-Ulya, Kash kot , Nau Joy, Abdul Khel,
Kohna Deh, Kash kot -i -Sufl a, Islam Pur, Shewah, Shewa-i-Kauz Kunar,
Atawar, Malik zai, Lamtak, Bud yal ai , and Sur uch.
KAWAL J'$
A small n o n d e s c r i p t t r i b e , who have no f i x e d l and of t h e i r own, b u t
mostly wander a bout t h e Paghman mount ai ns, and a r e w e l l known a s
f or t une- t el l er s and t h i e v e s . ( Bel l e w .)
The Kawal s a r e s a i d t o b e a n i n f e r i o r s e c t i o n o f t h e Ta j i k s .
( I .B.C.)
'. ti
*KAZAN U J
34-44 67-43 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d some 10 miles s o u t h we s t of Bamian.
KAZ I P'j
33-30 68-24 G. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a bout 3 m i l e s s o u t h of Ghazni .
Another pl ace wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a bout 14 m i l e s s o u t h of
Ghorband in Parwan pr ovi nce, a t 34-56 68-27 G.
KAZI DEH 4 J&
35- 69-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Char i kar d i s t r i c t , l yi ng e a s t of t h e
vi l l a ge o f t h a t name, a nd i n h a b i t e d by 400 f a mi l i e s of Ta j i k s .
(Shahzada Taimus, from na t i ve i nf ormation. )
KAZI KALA Or QALA-I-QAZI
&&ti
34-29 69-3 m. A vi l l a ge 7 miles w e s t o f Kabul, on t h e Ghazni r oad,
from whi ch it is a bout 3/4 m i l e s o u t h , a t t h e nor t he r n f o o t of t h e
Korogh r ange. TO t h e e a s t of t h e vi l l age lies t h e Cha r de h val l ey,
in whi c h d i s t r i c t Ka l a - i - ~a z i is i n c l u d e d . Th e i n h a b i t a n t s a r e
Tajiks, and t h e number of h o u s e s is 200. The f a r t h e s t poi nt r e a c he d
by t h e Hor se ~ r t i l l e r y g u n s i n t h e Caval ry and R.H.A. e nga ge me nt on
t h e 11t h December 1879 was a little t o t h e n o r t h e a s t of Kala-i-Kazi.
Suppl i es a r e p l e n t i f u l he r e , and t h e r e is a good wat er - suppl y, b u t
camping gr ound would be d i f f i c u l t t o f i nd owi ng t o t h e amount of
c ul t i va t i on. ( I . . . ) A f o r t wi t h t h i s name is a b o u t 2 m i l e s
SQut heast o f Char bagh- i - ~aghman in Nangar har pr ovi nce, a t 34-31 70-
1 7 G- (LWA.)
KAZI KALA
d j b
34- 6%. A vi l l age and f o r t 20 miles nor t h of Kabul, s o u t h e a s t o f
I st al i f . ( Thor nt on. )
UZI KALA d j b
34- 69-. A vi l l a ge and f o r t 3 m i l e s s o u t h we s t of Kabul. It is
encl osed wi t h a wa l l , and is s ur r ounde d wi t h or c ha r ds , and is sit-
ua t e d on an emi nence. The i nha bi t a nt s are Taj i ks. Water is pl ent i f ul
b o t h i n "kar ez" and s p r i n g s ; and f i r e wood, gr a z i ng and f or age are
pr ocur abl e. (Masson, Camp bell.)
KAZI MUHAMMAD SHAH r k & j b
39- 70-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Besud di vi s i on o f t h e Jalalabad dis-
trict. I nhabi t ant s : Taj i ks. ( J enk yns. )
KEHMA SOKI ( )&u
34- 69-. An ol d f o r t i n r ui ns , a bout mi dway be t we e n Pezwan and
J a gda l a k. (I.B.C.)
KEJAK &
34- 66-. El evat i on 11, 690 f e e t . An e a s y p a s s ove r t h e main water-
s h e d be t we e n t h e Hari Rud dr a i na ge and t h a t o f t h e Rud-i-Band-i-
Ami r , c r o s s e d by t h e main Bamian-Daulat Yar r oad a t about 64 miles
e a s t o f Daulat Yar. From t h e Kejak p a s s t h e t a ga o of t h e same name
r u n s i n a s o u t h we s t e r l y d i r e c t i o n f or mi ng one o f t h e head wat ers of
t h e Sur kh Bum, a s t h e u p p e r por t i on of t h e Kirman, o r La1 valley, is
known. A good camel-road r u n s down t h e Kejak Tagao passi ng Kejak
vi l l a ge a t 3 m i l e s . Two m i l e s bel ow t h e vi l l a ge it l e a ve s t h e tagao
whi c h h e r e makes a bend t o t h e s o u t h e a s t , and c r o s s i n g t h r e e small
k o t a l s d e s c e n d s t h e Al t ar g han Tagao t o t h e Kirman valley. Thi s road
is of some importance a s gi vi ng di r e c t communication between t he two
main r o a d s f r om Kabul t o Daulat Yar, viz., t h a t vi a Bamian and t hat
vi a t h e Hazaraj at . (I.B.C.) Re c e nt maps s h o w t h e name ~uh-i -Kej ak at
34-32 66-41 m. (LWA)
KERGAH
34-31 70-17. A vi l l a ge i n Laghman, on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Kabul
r i v e r , a t its j u n c t i o n wi t h t h e Al i s h a n g . I t is a s mal l vi l l age
r omant i cal l y s i t u a t e d on a r o c k y emi nence a t t h e west ext r emi t y of a
l i n e of h i l l s ge ne r a l l y d e s i g n a t e d by its name. (Masson.) A place
named Ker go is l oc a t e d on t h e Uzbin (Wuzbin) st r eam, about t en miles
n o r t h e a s t of Sar obi , a t 34-46 69-53 m. ( LWA)
KERI A ( f ) *j
34-0 69-50. A r i v e r i n t h e Jaj i c ount r y, whi ch r i s e s i n t h e South
s l o p e s of t h e Si kar ams peak of t h e Sa f e d oh mount ai ns, and fl ows
west o f t h e Paiwar t o its j unct i on wi t h t h e Hazar dar akht ri vul et ,
whe nc e t h e combi ned s t r eam is cal l ed t h e Hariob. (Lumsden.)
KERMU
34-26 66-30 A. A p a s s i n t h e Koh-i-Baba r a nge , see Ak Zarat. (See
Mi l i t ary Re por t on Hazaraj at , Pa r t 11.)
J JL
KHADAL
32-55 68-48 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e s t r eam of t h e same name, about 1
m i l e n o r t h e a s t o f Omna.
* KHAGAK
&
34-32 67-37 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a bout t h r e e miles west of the
Gardan-i-Qada, on a t r i but a r y of t h e ~um- i - ~bd- i - ul um, whi ch runs
i n t o t h e Helmand r i ver .
KMI DAD RALA (RHODAIDAD?)
J\ JJ b
34- 68-.
A vi l l a ge of 50 f ami l i es of Tai muri s i n t h e ~ar - i - Chashma
"alley, a bout 6 1/2 miles e a s t of t h e unai pass.
Headman (1904)
Daulat Muhammad. Th e i nha bi t a nt s p o s s e s s a bout 60 head of c a t t l e and
80 s h e e p and goa t s . The annual pr oduc t i on o f whe a t and bar l ey aver -
ages about 400 I ndi an maunds.
(Wan1 iss.)
,&T'
KHA I RABAD
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t , on t h e r i g h t bank of
t h e Sur khab r i ve r , a bout 2 m i l e s s o u t h o f Balabagh. I nha bi t a nt s a r e
Ghilzais, Taj i ks and Dehgans. Th i s vi l l a ge is a l s o known a s Tat ang-
i-Usman Khan. ( Jenkyns. )
,&I,&
*KHAI RABAD
32-12 68-26 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d some 4 m i l e s e a s t o f Khi zar Khel
and nor t heast of Wazakhwa i n Ghazni province. Ot her pl aces with t h i s
name a r e l oc a t e d i n t h e Sur khr ud ar ea, a t 34-23 70-15 G., and i n
t h e Khugiani ar ea, a t 33-15 69-52 G.
KHA I RABAD
a&' ! +
34-25 69-11 m. A vi l l a ge 1 1/2 m i l e n o r t h e a s t of Char asi a. From
t hi s vi l l aqe t h e r e a r e t wo r o a d s t o Kabul, viz., o n e ( t h e e a t e r n) by
t h e sang-i -Nawi sht a d e f i l e , and t h e o t h e r ( t h e we s t e r n) by I nda ki
and Deh-i-Mozang, b o t h f i t f o r a l l t r a f f i c , b u t t h e we s t e r n r oad
would pr obabl y al ways r e q u i r e an hour o r t wo' s wor k wi t h t wo s m a l l
wor ki ng- par t i es ( say 50 men e a c h) , b e o r e whe e l e d a r t i l l e r y c oul d
pass wi t h eas e. The Sang-i -Nawi sht a d e f i l e , however , is ve r y con-
fined and would pr ove troublesome f or t h e passage of l ar ge bodi es of
t r oops and t r a ns por t . (I.B.C.) Anot her vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is
l ocat ed some 8 m i l e s n o r t h o f Ghazni , a t 33-39 68-23 m.
*KHAIRAK
tJ,+
34-27 67-1 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d some 3 m i l e s nor t h o f Bum-i-Afshar
on a t r i but ar y of t h e Dara-i-Mur i n Bamian pr ovi nce.
* KHA I RKHANA
&L,&
34-8 67-46 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d w e s t of t h e Band-i-Doab and nor t h
of Tarbolaq i n n o r t h e r n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
*KHAIRKOT 4 hi
32-51 68-27 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d near Zar ghun Sha hr ( ~ a t a wa z ) i n
Ghazni pr ovi nce.
#HAI RODANGAR A J,J+
32- 69-. A hal t i ng pl a c e i n t h e bed of t h e Gumal r i ve r , 55 miles
from its s our ce. The r e is a r oad t h e n c e t o Wano. (Broad foot . )
KHAIRO KHEL A 9 ~ +
34-30 70-9 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Kabul r i ve r i n
Kats Laqhman. ~t c ont a i ns a bout 300 h o u s e s wi t h a c ons i de r a bl e
amount of cul t i vat i on r e a c hi ng down t o t h e bank of t h e r i ver . I t is
1 2 1/2 miles from t h e Darunta pa s s , and 11 miles from Kats-Muhammad
Ali. The i nha bi t a nt s a r e ~ a s i r Khel ~ h i l z a i s . Camping gr ound f o r a
l arge f or c e is t o be f ound t o t h e west of t h e vi l l age wi t h wat er
from a canal. The Kabul r i ve r is s ai d t o be usual l y f or da bl e OppO-
site Khairo Khel, t h o u g h t h e wat er was f ound t o be up t o a man' s
chi n in ~ u g u s t 1904. ( Hol di ch, I.B.c.)
KHA I SAR
A main s e c t i on of t h e Sulaiman Khel.
KHAJURI
A di vi s i on of t h e Mangal t r i b e ; see Mangal*
KHAKDAO (JL) ,I&
34-57 67-16 m. A vi l l age in t h e e a s t of t h e Yakh Walang di st r i ct ,
cont ai ni ng 30 hous e s of Neka Hazaras. (A.B.C.) The vi l l age is lo-
c a t e d on a st r eam r unni ng i nt o t h e Band-i-Amir in Bamian province.
(LWA)
KHAK DARWESH -JJL
34- 67-. A dr y, bar e, s t ony val l ey i n t h e Bamian di s t r i c t , running
in a ge ne r a l nor t he a s t e r l y di r e c t i on t o t h e Bamian valley. The road
from Kala Sar kar i t o Daulat Yar e n t e r s t h e Khak Darwesh a t 7 miles.
Immedi at el y below t h i s poi nt t h e val l ey t u r n s nor t h, and i s an
i mpr act i cabl e d e f i l e , but above it r uns up west, is 400 yar ds wide,
and e nc l os e d by bar e and r ounded hi l l s a c c e s s i bl e t o cavalry and
i nf ant r y. A qua r t e r of a m i l e up a road comes in from t h e l e f t rear
from Bur i Sunia i n t h e Faul adi gl en. Af t er a m i l e t h e valley f or ks,
bot h br a nc he s cur vi ng r ound t o s out h. The r oad, however, keeps
s t r a i g h t on west war ds. (Maitland .)
KHAK HAZARA d, \ 2 dk
33-42 69-11 G. A vi l l age of 60 h o u s e s about 16 miles from Gardez,
on t h e road t o t h e Al t i mur Kotal. I nhabi t ant s: Amazai (Ahmadzai?)
Gh i l z a i s . (I.B.C.)
KHAKI Jk
34- 68-. A haml et of 20 f ami l i es o f Darghan Hazaras i n t h e Kalu
gl en. ( See Military Re por t on Hazarajat, Par t 11.)
KHAK-I-ALLAH BAKSH
( See Military Repor t on Hazarajat, pa r t 11.) dl dk
A pa s s i n t h e Dai Zangi count r y, c r o s s e d by t h e ~abul-Hazarajat-
Daulat Yar main r oad.
KHAK-I-CHAGIR (CHEGHEL)
* dL
34-35 67-11 m. A pa s s l e a di ng over t h e Koh-i-Baba from Firozbahar
t o Panjao. The a s c e n t is by t h e Sa r - i - ~ol val l ey f o r some miles, and
t h e n up t h e Joshanak Tagao f or about 8 miles. Here t ur n west and
as cend t h e Kotal Gul-i-Yakhak. The a s c e n t is about 600 yar ds and
s t e e p . Des cent about t h e same t o a gl en ( appar ent l y one of t hose at
t h e head of t h e Dara Al i ) . A m i l e or s o s o u t h we s t up t h i s is t he
vi l l age of Khak-i-Chagir ( s ay 15 miles). ~t c o n s i s t s of 25 houses of
Yangur Hazaras. Half a m i l e above t h e vi l l age t h e f o o t of kotal is
r e a c he d. The a s c e n t is about t hr e e - qua r t e r s of a mile i n l engt h by a
219-zag r oad, not ver y s t e e p . Both a s c e n t and d e s c e n t ar e said t o be
b e t t e r t han t h o s e of t h e smal l er Gul-i-yakhak, but bot h passes are
sai d t o be pr act i cabl e f o r l aden mules. ~t or near t h e f oot of t he
d e s c e n t is t h e vi l l age of Do Kad, 1 5 hous e s of Sai yi ds. Thence t he
road is good a l l t h e way by t h e Tagao Barg, or one of its branches,
t o Panjao, 33 m i l e s from Fi r ozbahar proper. --(A. B. ~. ) Recent maps
Show t h e name Khak-i -Cheghel i n t h i s ar ea, and t h e pas s with t hi s
name. (LWA)
KHAK-I-GHULAM
,%dL
34- 68-. A t 4 5/8 miles below Bin-i-shewak t h e road down t h e
Ghorband val l ey e n t e r s t h e Tangi ~ h a k - i - ~ h u l a m, and cont i nues in it
till Kala Doab is r e a c he d. See "Ghorband."
*KHAK-I-JABAR J k J L
34-24 69-30 m. Khak-i-Jabar i s t h e name of a vi l l age in t h e alaqa-
da r i of t h e same name in Kabul pr ovi nce. The al aqadar i compri ses an
ar ea of 876 s qua r e ki l omet er s and ha s an agr i cul t ur al population
which has been var i ous l y e s t i ma t e d a t from 4, 949 t o 16, 220. The
a l a qa da r i is l o c a t e d s o u t h e a s t o f Kabul. Khak- i - Jabar a l a q a d a r i
i ncl udes about 28 vi l l a ge s of whi ch s i x ha ve mor e t h a n 500 i nhabi -
t a nt s . Th e v i l l a g e s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f o l l o ws : Ch a k a r i ,
Malang, Qda-i-Gulmdang , Rojan, Bag hgai , Char wazi, Qala-i-Khodayar,
Khurd Kabul, Gor g Mai dan, Bat u Khe l , J a l g h o z i , Ta gha r - i - ul ya ,
Shamamzai, Ghazgai , Darband, Malik Khel , Khar ot i , Taghar-i -Sufl a,
Duran Khel, Qanat-i-Mulla Ak h ter, Karo Khel , Khak-i J a b a r , Zendan,
~ a l a - i - ~ a l i , Abdul l ah Khel, Chal u, Chenar i , Mulla Omar, Natu Khel ,
Sarw Khel, and Tegar i .
*KHAK-I -KARA
.,ddL
34-4 68-5 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d n o r t h e a s t of Podi na i n n o r t h e r n
Ghazni pr ovi nce.
KHAK- I -SANGA
L LIL
35-1 68-57 G. A g r o u p of vi l l a ge s , trees, and g a r d e n s i n t h e Ghor-
band val l ey, 6 3/4 miles bel ow Si a hgi r d. ( Peacocke. ) Re c e nt maps
show t h e name Khak-i-Sang. (LWA)
KHAKSHAL
JLSL
35-2 69-0. The name gi ve n t o t h a t p a r t o f t h e Ghor band val l ey l yi ng
about 3 miles above Burj-i-Guljan. ( Peacoc ke.)
*KHALACHAK
d.&
34-7 67-1 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a f e w miles west o f Sul t an Robat i n
s out her n Bamian pr ovi nce.
KHALAJ (See mi l i t a r y Report on Ha z a r a j a t , P a r t 11.)
cL
KHALAJ, AB-I $4
A stream j oi ni ng t h e Helmand from t h e e a s t a t Chahar Shi ni a. ( See
Military Re por t on Hazaraj at , Pa r t 11.)
*KHALAMAD L)L
34-5 67-31 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d i n t h e Kushk a r e a on t h e n o r t h e r n
bank of t h e Garmab r i ve r i n Bamian pr ovi nce.
*KHALAQ LAM ry&
34-58 70-50 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d on t h e Dar a- i - Pi ch i n Kunar
Province.
KHALASABAD
. L. T, , &
34- 70-. A vi l l age in t h e Besud di vi s i on of t h e Jal al abad di s -
trict, s i t ua t e d a bout 2 miles from t h e l e f t bank o f t h e Kabul r i ver .
I nhabi t ant s: Arabs and Taj i ks. ( Jenkyns. )
KHALAzA I *X;
35- 69-. A vi l l age on t h e daman o f t h e Paghman r ange, s i t u a t e d
near Char i kar , and i nha bi t e d by 100 f ami l i es of Af ghans. ( Shahzada
Taimus, from nat i ve i nformat i on. )
KHALIK ( rdL)*
A s ect i on of t h e Besud Hazaras. ( See Military Re por t on ~ a z a r a j a t ,
Par t 11.)
KHALILABAD AT&
A vi l l age in t h e s o u t h e r n di vi s i on of t h e Logar val l ey. In 1880 t h e
Population c o n s i s t e d of 110 f ami l i es, all Hazaras. ( ~ l i f f or d, Euan
s mi t h. )
*KHALI LAN cjw
33-46 69-29 m. A vi l l a ge l o c a t e d i n t h e Mi rzakai ar ea, on t h e road
f r om Gar dez t o A l i Khel.
KHALIL KHEL &&
34-31 70-9. A vi l l a ge i n Laghman, on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Kabul
r i ve r , o p p o s i t e Khai ro Khel. A f a i r amount of s u p p l i e s is obtainable
he r e . (Young.) Re c e nt maps s how t h e name Zi r anj i n t h i s area. ( LWA)
KHALWATI GILL
33-17 69-34 m. A vi l l a ge l o c a t e d on t h e r oad from Khost t o Gardez,
some 6 m i l e s w e s t of Nadi r Sha h Kot.
KHAM r'
34-23 67-1 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d s o u t h o f Panjaw on t h e Dara-i-Mur
i n s o u t h e r n Bamian pr ovi nce.
KHAM r'
34-47 67-18 G. El evat i on 11, 660 f e e t . A kot a l i n t h e e a s t of t he
Yak Walang d i s t r i c t , c r o s s e d by t h e Bamian-Daulat Yar road. The
a s c e n t commences s oon a f t e r d e s c e n d i n g f r om t h e Kotal; it is about a
m i l e i n l e n g t h , and eas y; rise 130 f e e t . The d e s c e n t , which i s
s t e e p , is by an e x c e l l e n t r oad t o t h e Kham hol l ow hal f a mile from
t h e kot al ; f a l l 255 f e e t . Th i s k o t a l is t h e h i g h e s t poi nt on t he
r oad be t we e n Zari and Bamian. From t h e r i d g e near t h e kot al a wide
vi ew ove r t h e g r e a t pl a t e a u is obt ai ned. To t h e nor t h ward t h e c l i f f s
o f t h e Band-i-Amir l a ke , a bout Kupruk can b e t r a c e d, t h e Band-i-Amir
val l ey bei ng a d e e p g a s h i n t h e undul at i ng s u r f a c e of t h e country.
The g e n e r a l a s p e c t of t h e s c e n e is bl eak and bar r en, and would be
monot onous b u t f o r t h e s nowy h e i g h t o f t h e main r a nge t o t h e south.
To t h e e a s t o n e l o o k s down t h e d e e p hol l ow of t h e Bamian valley,
be t we e n t h e main r a n g e o f t h e Koh-i-Baba on t h e r i g h t and t h e ~0h- i -
Ghandak on t h e l e f t , but t h e bot t om of t h e val l ey is t oo d e e p t o be
s e e n f r om he r e . (Maitland.)
KHAM-I -ABA
4p
34- 67-. A s ubdi vi s i on of t h e Yak Walang d i s t r i c t i nhabi t ed by
Khami-Aba Hazar as o f Dai Zangi s t o c k .
KHAM- I -KALAT
G X ~
34- 67-. Two f o r t s i n t h e Bamian vf l e v, bel ow Sur khdar , with a
popul a t i on of 20 f ami l i es of Taj i ks. ( ~ a i t i a n d .)
KHAM- I - ZARDGAR 2f.i rC
35-7 69-20 m. A t o wn s h i p i n t h e u p p e r Panj s hi r gl en, si t uat ed 2
miles e a s t o f Us ht ur gi r a n and c ont a i ni ng 500 h o u s e s of Tajiks. There
a r e t wo vi l l a ge s o r di vi s i ons , t h e h o u s e s bei ng s c a t t e r e d in groups
among t h e or char ds . ( Shahzada Taimus.)
*KHANA
-L
34-12 69-54 m.
A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d near Khar ot i i n s out he r n ang gar ha^
pr ovi nce.
KHANAMULLA
)I. &L
34-28 69-15. A s m a l l vi l l age, wi t h f o r t s , on bot h banks of the
L09.1 r i ve r , 2 m i l e 8 s o u t h we s t of a , and 5 miles s out heas t
t h e Kabul Bald Hisar. The i nhabi t ant s a r e mr a kz a i s . (1.B.C.)
*KHAND
r;i
33-26 69-29 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d s o u t h e a s t o f Ga r de z and 5 miles
nort h of Laka Ti za i n Pa kt i a pr ovi nce.
KHAN1 Z
j;L
35-18 69-30 m. A s c a t t e r e d vi l l age i n t h e u p p e r Panj s hi r gl e n,
si t uat ed on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e st r eam, d i s t a n t some 1 0 m i l e s
above Anaba, and cont ai ni ng 60 h o u s e s of Taj i ks. ( Shahzada Taimus.)
*KHANJAR *
34-17 69-50 m.
A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a bout 2 m i l e s e a s t o f Cha ha r t ut on
t h e way t o Araban i n s o u t h e r n Nangar har pr ovi nce.
KHAN KALA LJi3L
A vi l l age of 700 h o u s e s i n t h e Koh Daman. (Kinloch.)
KHAORO ( ' )uL
33- 69-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Cha r kh val l ey, i n t h e s o u t h e r n di vi s i on
of t h e Loga r d i s t r i c t a b o u t 9 m i l e s s o u t h e a s t o f Ba r a ki Raj an.
There is room f o r a br i ga de t o camp h e r e wi t h s u f f i c e n t wat er from
kar ez. (I.B.C.)
KHAPAR J+
A s ect i on of t h e Muhammad Khwaja Hazaras. ( See Mi l i t ary Re por t on
Hazar aj at , P a r t 11.)
*KHAR J '-
33-45 68-34 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d about 1 m i l e e a s t of Sha s hga w on
t h e road from Ghazni t o Kabul.
*KHARABA 4~
34-58 68-31 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d i n t h e Ghor band val l ey n o r t h e a s t
of Shai kh Al i i n Parwan pr ovi nce.
KHARAN 0 '+
34-15 70-6 G. A vi l l age o f 80 h o u s e s i n t h e Khugi ani di vi s i on o f
t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t , a bout 5 m i l e s s o u t h e a s t o f Ni ml a. It lies on
t h e r i g h t bank of a t r i but a r y of t h e Sur khab, cal l ed t h e Sha ga i Rud,
cont ai ni ng pl e nt y of wat er. The i nha bi t a nt s bel ong t o t h e Kharbun
sect i on of t h e Khugi ani s. ( J e nkyns , I.B.C.)
*KHARBI D + !
34-53 68-37 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d s o u t h we s t o f Sur kh 0 Par sat on a
t r i but ar y of t h e Ghor band r i ver .
'KHARBOLAQ &P
33-17 68-9 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d nor t h o f t h e ~ a l a t - ~ h a z n i hi ghway,
about 7 miles n o r t h we s t o f Mushakai.
KHARKAI J J L
33-47 69-43 G. A haml et on t h e l e f t bank o f t h e ~ a r a i a , a t t h e
junction wi t h t h e l a t t e r and t h e ~ a n g i a r Khula, a bout 1 8 m i l e s f r om
Kharlachi on t h e r oad t o ~ h a z n i . (I.B.C.)
KHARKoL c b ~
34-26 67-42 m. A kot a l c r o s s e d by t h e main ~a bul - Ha z a r a j a t - ~a ul a t
Yar road about 2 1/2 m i l e s w e s t of aida an-i-Pai Kotal. ( ~ a n l i s s . )
(See Military Re por t on ~ a z a r a j a t , p a r t 11.) Ot he r pl a c e s wi t h t h i s
name a r e l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y o f t h e Helmand, a t 34-10 67-31 m.;
and in s out he r n Bamian pr ovi nce, a t 34-5 67-23 m. (LWA)
KHARKOL See ROGHANI GARDAN
&+
KHARKOL
( See Mi l i t a r y Report on Ha z a r a j a t , P a r t 11.)
KHARKUL cb+
34- 68-. The l a s t o f f o u r low k o t a l s c r o s s e d by t h e road from
Khar zar t o Khe s h i n t h e n o r t h e a s t c o r n e r o f t h e Besud count r y, 5 1/2
m i l e s from t h e f or mer vi l l age. ( See Mi l i t ary Re por t on Hazarajat,
P a r t 11.)
KHARLACH I &I+
33-49 69-58. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a bout one m i l e e a s t of Patan near
t h e Paki s t an bor de r .
KHARLANG &+
34-28 68-38. A vi l l a ge i n t h e u p p e r Kabul r i ve r val l ey, about 3/4
m i l e w e s t o f J al r ez. I t c o n t a i n s ( i n 1904) 20 f ami l i es of Tajiks,
p o s s e s s i n g a bout 30 head o f c a t t l e and 50 s h e e p and goat s. The
annual pr oduc t i on of whe a t and bar l ey a v e r a g e s about 360 Indian
maund s. (Wanliss.)
KHAROTI $l+
"The Khar ot i s" s a y s McMahon, "claim t o b e Turan Ghi l zai s, and are
di vi de d i n t o t h r e e main s e c t i ons :
Zakho Khel about 2,000 men
Adia Khel 2,000
Yahya Khel (Ya Khel) 1, 500
"Zakho Khel. The c h i e f o f t h e t r i b e is s ai d t o b e Ghulam Rasul, son
o f Khan Muhammad Khan, Zakho Khel. H e l i v e s a t Karabagh in t he
summer and a t Pa ha r pur i n t h e Der aj at i n t h e wi nt er .
" ~ d i a Khel.
Headman Babu Khan, s o n o f Samandar.
"Yahya KheL Headman Muhammad Gul, Son of Kasim Khan.
" Al l t h e Powi ndah por t i on o f t h e t r i b e a p p e a r t o l i ve in ~a r a ba gh
near Ghazni i n t h e summer and near Pa ha r pur i n t h e ~ e r a j a t i n t he
wi nt e r .
"A por t i on of t h e t r i be , number i ng some 2,000 men, of al l t hr ee
s e c t i o n s , however , own l a n d s and l i v e t h r o u g h o u t t h e year i n Saroza
and Sar obai and t h e ne i ghbour hood of Shaki n. The s e claim t h e Gum1
r i ve r from Sar wandai t o Khai ro Dangar."
Accor di ng t o t h e s e c ond e d i t i o n o f t h i s Ga z e t t e e r , " t h e har rot is are
d i v i d e d i n t o Ahmad Khel , 700 t e n t s ; Yia Khel, 200; ~ a s a n i , 250;
Hudia Khel, 300 Narik, 50; b e s i d e s a f e w f ami l i es r e s i di ng i n Kabul*
A l l t h e f o r e g o i n g a r e e nga ge d i n t r a di ng.
" Be s i de s t h e r e are t wo di vi s i ons , t h e Marakzai, 600, and ~oka l z a i ,
400 who a r e e nga ge d a s s h e p h e r d s , and oc c upy t h e vi ci ni t y of t he
J a dr a n count r y.
" Br oadf oot ha s t wo di vi s i ons - - t he Zak Khel and Adi Khel.
" Ther e a r e t h e f ol l owi ng a gr i c ul t ur a l di vi s i ons al so:
"Umar khel r e s i d i n g i n Aspana wi t h 140 hous e s ; Saind Khel i n Gumall
80; Yak Khel i n Gumal, 80; Haibat Khel i n Gumal, 30; Zaku Khel in
Babi Khel, 40; Sar obi Khel i n Sar obi a, 100; Yazi i n Yazd, 30; Langi
Khel, Yazar Khel, Tumk hel , a l l r e s i d e i n t h e Sarobi a Nala and number
500 hous e s . El phi ns t one estimates t hem a t 5,000 or 6,000 families*
The Yia Khel is t h e di vi s i on t h a t t r a d e s wi t h Indi a. They
a c q u i r e weal t h and wi t h it a t a s t e f o r f i n e c l o t h e s and good
and a ge ne r a l d i s l i k e t o t h e i r f or mer habi t s .
"The cl i mat e of t h e Khar ot i c o n t r y is ve r y s e v e r e in wi nt er , and the
i nhabi t ant s a r e s h u t up by snow f o r f o u r mont hs i n t h e year . But
t h e gr e a t e r p a r t of t hem g o down i n t o warmer c ount r y t o t h e Der aj at
and el se where.
"The har rot is have some s h e e p , c ows , a s s e s , and mul es, b u t h o r s e s
ar e not known among t hem; t h e i r whol e weal t h c o n s i s t s of f l o c k s o f
goat s whi ch f e e d on t h e ba r e pe a ks , o r i n r a vi ne s c ove r e d wi t h
pines.
The t r a di ng s e c t i o n s have l a r g e h e r d s o f camel s.
l t ~ o t wi t h s t a n d i n g t h e h a r d s h i p s o f t h e i r s e v e r e cl i mat e, t h e y a r e a
heal t hy r o b u s t r ace; b u t e ve n f o r Af gha ns t h e y a r e ve r y di r t y.
~ l p h i n s t o n e s a y s s o me h e s a w ha d a c q u i l i n e n o s e s a nd ~ e w i s h
f eat ur es , and many were q u i t e f ai r .
"The har rot is a r e h o s p i t a b l e and ki nd; t h e y sel dom a t t a c k t r i b e s
unpr ovoked, b u t have f o u g h t more s u c c e s s f u l l y wi t h t h e Wazi rs t h a n
any of t h e i r ne i ghbour s . A t r a ve l l e r is s a f e i n t h e i r c ount r y, a nd,
as f a r a s a milk d i e t g o e s ne e d ne ve r want f ood.
"Their c hi e f s have no power over them. When t wo men have a di s put e,
t hey somet i mes f i g h t it out ; b u t t h e i r ne i ghbour s and t h e mul l as
gener al l y i n t e r f e r e and e nde a vour t o compose t h e di f f er ence. Should
one par t y r e f u s e t o a bi de by t h e de c i s i on, h i s nei g hbour s g i v e u p
speaki ng t o him, whi ch s oon i n d u c e s him t o g i v e in. When t h e y a r e
t hr eat ened wi t h an a t t a c k , a c ounc i l ( j i r ga) is c a l l e d, and a l l t h e
armed men obey its o r d e r s . They somet i mes make, b u t i n ge ne r a l t h e y
buy, t hei r own powder.
"Any por t i on of l e v e l gr ound is c a r e f ul l y c ul t i va t e d, y e t t h e c ul t i -
vat or s a r e not o n e - f i f t i e t h of t h e t r i be . Ri ght t o s o i l is onl y
t hought of in c ul t i va t e d s p o t s ; a p i e c e of gr a z i ng l and, howe ve r ,
long occupi ed by a family, is i n t r u d e d on by a man e ve n of a d i f f e r -
e nt t r i be wi t hout cer emony.
"One of t h e i r c h i e f amusement s is de e r - s t a l ki ng.
"Their d r e s s is a s h i r t o f bl ack bl a nke t made by t h e i r wi ves, and
sandal s of goa t - s ki ns near l y raw; somet i mes t h e y have a b i t o f a
bl anket f o r a c a p or , i f l uc ky, pr oc ur e f o r t h e i r wool a c o a r s e
turban.
"Though t he y are very poor, t he y have still f i ne mat chl ocks and good
swords.
"In s pr i ng t h e y l i ve e n t i r e l y on milk, whi ch is a bunda nt a s t h e k i d s
are t he n born. Ghi , k r u t and c h e e s e a r e made i n l a r g e qua nt i t i e s ,
and sol d in Katawaz and Zurmat i n e x c h a n g e f o r f l our . In t h e wi nt er
t hey e k e o u t on t h e i r milk d i e t by a smal l por t i on of br ead. The
pi nes of t h e i r h i l l s f u r n i s h a s e e d cal l ed "chi l goza, " whi ch is a
Pr i nc i pa l p a r t o f t h e i r wi n t e r f o o d , a d d e d t o c h e e s e a nd a n
occasi onal bi t o f br ead.
"The Khar ot i s l i v e in smal l vi l l ages , whi ch a r e s i t u a t e d on little
knol l s or on sites c u t o u t of t h e hi l l s i d e s . The s h e p h e r d s l i ve i n
bl anket t e n t s o r in r u d e h u t s c u t o u t o f t h e hi l l . Thei r h o u s e s
have not hi ng in t hem b u t a r ug and an i r on pot . They have no
wei ght s or meas ur es , and no means of e s t i ma t i ng t i m e and di s t a nc e .
Lumsden says t h a t t h e Powindah Kharotis must not be confounded with
t h e Kharoti Ghi l zai s, a s t h e y a r e a p e r f e c t l y d i s t i n c t t r i be. Y e t
i n hi s account of t h e Ghi l zai s, h e g i v e s no s u c h s e c t i on a s Khar ot i .
EI Phi nst one c e r t a i nl y d e v o t e s a s e p a r a t e a c c ount t o t hem, but h e
does not mean t o s e p a r a t e t hem amongs t t h e Ghi l zai s. However,
whe t he r t h e y a r e c onne c t e d in bl ood wi t h t h e Ghi l zai s or not , t h e y
are now pr act i cal l y a d i s t i n c t t r i be , and t h e r e is ony one t r i b e of
Khar ot i s whe t he r t h e y a r e c l a s s e d wi t h t h e Powi ndahs o r t h e Ghi l -
Zais*
( t ur nsden, El phi ns t one , Broad f oot , McMahon.)
Fur t her i nf or mat i on r e ga r di ng t h e s t r e n g t h and p o s s e s s i o n of t h e
Khar ot i s is gi ve n i n a s t a t e me nt unde r "Powindah. "
* KHAROTI $A+
33-5 68-7 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d about a mile s out h of Walai and 5
mi l e s e a s t of t h e Mukur-Ghazni highway. Other pl aces with t hi s name
a r e l oc a t e d nor t h of t h e Kuh-i-Safi on t h e pa t h from Qala Yuzbashi
t o t h e ~ a n j s h i r val l ey, a t 34-52 69-23 m.; a bout 1 m i l e sout hwest of
Zamankhel i n t h e Azre Dara, a t 34-1 69-27m.; s o u t h e a s t of Kabul, on
t h e pat h from Bagrami t o Chakar ai , a t 34-23 69-20 m.; one mile
nor t h of Ar abkhel and e a s t of Azraw, a t 34-9 69-42 m.; one mile
n o r t h of Mendr awur on t h e Laghman r i v e r i n s o u t h e r n Laghman
pr ovi nce, a t 34-33 70-12 m.; near Khana, on a t r i but ar y of the
Nawer Rud i n Nangarhar pr ovi nce, a t 34-12
69-53 m.
KHAROTI (BALA AND PAIN) $+
34-29 68-38 m. Two Ghi l zai vi l l a ge s on t h e main Kabul-Herat road,
about 1 1/2 miles e a s t o f J al r ez. (Wanliss.)
KHARAPARCHAK Or KHAR PICHAK
(:b )kr+
33-45 68-52 A. El evat i on 8,530 f e e t . A p a s s over t h e hi l l s north
of Kharwar, c r o s s e d by t h e pr i nc i pa l r out e l eadi ng from t h e Charkh
val l ey. The Khar par chak val l ey nor t h of t h e pa s s is a wide water-
less t r ough wi t h a f ew p a t c h e s o f r ai n l and. The a s c e nt is very
gr adual and t h e r oad good e nough f o r a r t i l l e r y unt i l t h e head of t he
val l ey is r e a c he d. The r e s e ve r a l r avi nes uni t e, ever y one of them
very narrow, blocked up with huge r ocks and a t f i r s t s i ght seemingly
i mpos s i bl e a s a r oad. A r avi ne whi ch j oi ns from t h e sout hwest er n
s i d e f or ms an e xc e e di ngl y d i f f i c u l t a s c e nt , passabl e only f or tra-
ve l l e r s on f oot . The t r a c k a s c e n d s t h i s r avi ne and on gaining t he
r i d g e j oi ns t h e main road of t h e Khar par chak pass. The l at t er
a s c e n d s t h e e a s t e r nmos t r avi ne whi ch r uns down from t h e Doshakh
p e a k s . I t i s o n l y a na r r ow s h e e p p a t h , w e l l t r o d d e n out and
pas s abl e f o r l a de n animals, t h o u g h ver y d i f f i c u l t , and t hen only
wi t h c o n s i d e r a b l e r i s k . With some bl as t i ng t h e t r ack could be made
c ons i de r a bl y more easy. The p a s s is compl et el y commanded from t he
t o p of t h e r ange, t wo poi nt s on o p p o s i t e s i d e s s weepi ng t h e ent i re
ravi ne. The d e s c e n t i nt o Kharwar on t h e s out h s i d e of t h e pass i s
ver y easy; t h e road l ooks made, and wi t h ver y little t r oubl e could
be made i nt o a dr i vi ng road. Gr i esbach s a ys t h a t t h e Cher kh people
p r e f e r t h i s road t o t h e Kotal-i-Kalan f u r t h e r e a s t , t hough t he
l a t t e r is p e r h a p s t h e b e t t e r t r ack. The pr i nci pal r out e t o ~ h a z n i
from t h e Logar, Altimur and Che r kh l e a d s over t h e ~h a r p a r c h a k Pass*
I t is sai d t h a t i n f or mer da ys it was t h e f avour i t e hunt i ng ground
f o r t h e Kharwar r obbe r s , and no one vent ur ed t o c r o s s i t without at
l e a s t 20 j ezai l chi s . ( G hi esbach. )
KHARPOSH &P&
34-21 67-5 A. A kot a l c r o s s e d by t h e main ~a b~l - ~a z a r a j a t - Da ul a t yar
road. ( See Military Repor t on Hazarajat, Par t 11.)
KHARPOSH dmL
34-17 67-10 m. Two small vi l l ages a t t h e wes t er n f oot of t h e Khar-
pos h Kotal, in t h e Da Zangi count r y. (Wanliss.)
KHARSHATAL &k+
33-59 69-46 m. El evat i on 10, 000 feet. A pa s s over t h e western
e x t ens i on of t h e Saf ed Koh on t h e road l eadi ng from ~ i l u t , in t he
Hariob val l ey, t o Khurd Kabul, I t s summit l i e s 16 miles from t h e
Paiwar Kotal, and about 6 1/2 m i l e s s o u t h we s t of t h e ~ a k a r a i ~ o t a l *
I t is sai d t o be pr act i cabl e, t h o u g h d i f f i c u l t , for cavalry and
l i g h t l y l aden mu l e s . (I.B.C.)
416
,I>+
KHARWAR
33-43 68-55 m.
A d i s t r i c t n o r t h e a s t of Ghazni, s out h of Logar, and
west of Zurmat. I t is a poor count r y;
guns cannot eas i l y c r o s s i t ,
and t r oops would f i nd little f or age. Outram marched t h r o u g h it
wi t h t r oops , i ncl udi ng caval ry and a ba t t e r of 9 pounder s . I t s
r a nge s bet ween 7,500 and 10,000 f e e t . The f ol l owi ng ha s
been culled from a r epor t suppl i ed by Griesbach, who vi si t ed Kharwar
in 1888:
Kharwat is a mount ai nous r egi on dr ai ned by t h e he a dwa t e r s of t h e
char kh st ream, one of t h e t r i but a r i e s of t h e Logar.
Geographically it f or ms a w e l l de f i ne d area. I t is an el evat ed
t r act , in t h e s h a p e of a pl at eau of i r r e gul a r oval s h a p e s ur r ounde d
by a rim of hi gh mount ai ns over whi ch a number of p a s s e s l ead down
into t h e s ur r oundi ng d i s t r i c t s , all of t hem l yi ng cons i der abl y below
t he l evel of t h e l o we s t por t i on of Kharwar.
Rivers, etc. Kharwar be l ongs t o t h e Char kh dr ai nage, b u t t h e r e is
practically onl y one st r eam whi ch l a s t s t h e whol e year , i.e., t h e
stream whi ch dr a i ns t h e Upper Khwaja Angur val l ey ( nor t he a s t Khar-
war); it t r a v e r s e s t h e mos t f e r t i l e p a r t of t h e d i s t r i c t , and
escapes t hr ough t h e Tangi Doshakh or ~ a n g i Maulana t o Char kh. I t is
at al l t i m e s a c ons i de r a bl e st r eam, and t h o u g h l a r ge l y us ed f o r
i rri gat i on pur pos e s and di vi de d i nt o numerous canal s, it still has a
l arge volume of wat er when it f i nal l y f l ows t h r o u g h t h e Tangi down
to t h e low l e ve l of Char kh. Near t h e gr oup of vi l l a ge s of Chala
Khel it r e c e i ve s t h e dr ai nage coming from Chaghai and t h e r avi nes
s out h of it, b u t t h e r e was v e r y l i t t l e wa t e r i n t h i s s t r e a m i n
August when I surveyed Kharwar.
The l ar ge t r i but a r i e s of t h e Sang ab, coming from t h e I s pi da r and
Robat val l eys ( s out he a s t Kharwar) and t h e s t r eams whi ch dr ai n t h e
western s i d e of Kharwar a r e g r e a t t o r r e n t s i n t h e s pr i ng, but d r y up
completely a f t e r t h e summer has set in.
Water would unquest i onabl y be f ound underground everywhere, f or al l
t he numerous s t r e a ml e t s dr awn in t h e map exi st al l t h e year round
and ar e pl ent i f ul l y s uppl i e d wi t h cl ear and par t i cul ar l y good wat er
near t he i r s our c e s , b u t t h e y al l di s a ppe a r l ong b e f o r e r eachi ng t h e
main channel s.
The basin of t h e Kharwar val l ey is f i l l e d wi t h hor i zont al l y be dde d
depos i t s of pos t - t e r t i a r y d a t e c h i e f l y c ons i s t i ng of s a nds t one ,
clay, and t owa r ds t h e t op, congl omer at es; below t h e l a t t e r t h e
sur f ace wat er gener al l y di s a ppe a r s and c ol l e c t s on t h e i mper vi ous
st r at a, t h e cl ays. Where t h e l a t t e r a r e e x pos e d, s p r i n g s of cl ear
and del i ci ousl y col d wat er a r e f ound in gr e a t numbers. In f a c t I
have hardl y ever been in any val l ey s o w e l l s uppl i e d wi t h water.
Contour, etc. A s sai d above, Kharwar f or ms, a s it were, an el evat ed
Pl at eau s u r r o u n d e d ba s i n- f a s hi on wi t h a rim of h i g h r a n g e s .
Originally formi ng an el evat ed basi n formed of hi ghl y c ont or t e d
st at a of Mesozoic and Eocene a ge , i t has, in common wi t h all t h e
Of t h i s pa r t of Af ghani st an been f i l l e d by t h e f r e s h wat er
Strata of pos t - t er t i ar y times, whi ch form Such enormous d e p o s i t s i n
t he Logar val l ey and t owa r ds Ghazni. The r e s u l t is t ha t , t h e cen-
tral Port i on of t h e Kharwar basi n f or ms a s it wer e a s unken pl at eau.
The main mass of t h e el evat ed Kharwar ar ea c o n s i s t s of hi ghl y
cont ort ed s t r a t a of sedi ment ar y r o c k s from t h e Rhoet i c t o Eocene
groups, many of t hem gr e a t l y a l t e r e d by i nt r us i ve masses of gra-
nites, s ye ni t e s and t r a ps . Kharwar can, t h e r e f o r e , s t r i c t l y s peak-
ing, not be cal l ed a pl at eau.
It i s sur r ounded by hi gh hi l l r anges , whi ch form a more or less
rim round t h e c e nt r a l por t i on. The onl y pl ace wher e t h e
Kharwar area act ual l y communicates wi t h t h e l ower l e ve l s is by way
Of t h e Tangi Maulana bet ween t h e Kalan and Khar par chak pa s s e s ,
t h r o u g h whi ch d e f i l e t h e Kharwar dr a i na ge e s c a p e s down to t h e
Char k h. But t h i s d e f i l e is si mpl y a narrow slit e r ode d out of t h e
har d s ye ni t i c gr a ni t e whi ch makes t h a t pa r t of t h e hi us quite
i mpassabl e t o man or f our - f oot ed be a s t s . About hal f way down t h e
d e f i l e t h e s t r e a m f a l l s d o wn a f i n e p r e c i p i c e , f or mi ng a most
pi c t ur e s que wat er f al l some 80 or more f e e t h i g h whi ch may be seen
from a poi nt a little i n advance of t h e Kotal-i-Ao Khana west of the
gorge.
I t is wor t h not i ng t h a t t h i s s ur r oundi ng r i m of hi l l s de s c e nds much
more s udde nl y down t o t h e l ower l e v e l s of t h e adj oi ni ng di st r i ct s
t han t owa r ds t h e i nner s i de . Only near t h e nor t he a s t e r n corner and
t h e sout h west ern portion o t h e r e l e va t e d t r a c t s appr oach suf f i ci ent l y
near t o be in some s o r t c onne c t e d wi t h t h e Kharwar area. In the
nor t he a s t e r n c or ne r t h e hi l l r a nge s r un i nt o t h e el evat ed region of
Gar dez, t h o u g h di vi de d from it by d i f f i c u l t r a nge s and near the
s out h we s t e r n c or ne r t h e low hi l l s l yi ng n o r t h e a s t of Ghazni form as
i t we r e s ome s o r t of a p p r o a c h t o t h e Khar war d i s t r i c t . B u t
s t r uc t ur a l l y t h e Zanakhan va l l e y f or me d b y t h e s e h i l l s bel ongs
r eal l y t o Kharwar, a l t hough t h e val l ey is dr ai ned by a separate
system.
The l a r g e s t por t i on of Kharwar is a s l i g h t l y undul at i ng, on t he
whol e i nwar d- sl opi ng t e r r a i n, f or med by t h e more or less horizontal-
l y bed d e d pos t - t e r t i a r y cl ays and congl omer at es above mentioned,
f r i nge d by wi del y e x t e n d e d f a ns whi ch e x t e n d from t h e out er rim of
Kharwar .
Thi s out e r r i m of hi l l s is c r o s s e d by t h e f ol l owi ng passes:
Nort h s i de . Zuk hagak; Piadara; Bibi Shi g har; Kharparchak; Ao Khana;
Kalan; I s pi da r ; Jauzar ; Dandan; Khwaja Angur; Altimur and A 0 Dakai.
East s i de . Zak and Dahana Drang.
Sout h s i de . Kuti Khel; Shi nkai ; Zi nt ega; Jalal; Ao ~ a k a i Gurbed;
Arda and Sat arnai .
West s i de . Zanak han; Peani; Chandr ai and Pakag hai.
Roads. With t h e e xc e pt i on of t h e Dahan Drang, zi nt eg and Zankhan
r o u t e s all t h e r o a d s whi ch l ead i nt o Kharwar from t h e surrounding
d i s t r i c t s a r e bad and more o r less d i f f i c u l t f o r l aden animals. Bu t
t h e t r a c k s whi ch l ead t o t h e p a s s e s on t h e Kharwar s i d e ar e more or
less e a s y and many of t hem remarkabl y good, and I imagine t hey must
have been made a t some per i od or anot her . Per haps t h e be s t road is
t h e one whi ch l e a d s from Chala Khel t o Kol-i-Sabz. I t cr os s es a
namel ess ver y low kot a l about 3 miles w e s t of Chala ~ h e l . Over most
of t h e way one mi ght dr i ve a four-in-hand coach, i f it were not f or
de e p furrows caused by flooded streams in t h e spri ng time.
Amir Abdur Rahman had onc e t aken pos s e s s i on of Kharwar during his
f i g h t s wi t h She r Ali Khan and had occupi ed t h e west er n port i on of
Kharwar. I t is pos s i bl e t h a t t h e s e remai ns of good r oads dat e f r om
t h a t t i m e .
Vi l l ages. The f ol l owi ng is a list of al l t h e vi l l ages in Kharwar:
Name of Vi l l a ge Number of Houses ~r i be
1. Ao Dakai, i n r a vi ne 5 or 6 ~ i a z a i ( ~ u c h i )
a t head of Khwaja
Angur va l l e y.
2. I s pi da r , i n Khwaja 15 #har ot i s .
Angur va l l e y
3. Dandan 13 ~hmadzai s
( ~ h i l z a i s )
4. Khwa j a Angur
100 Di t t o.
5. Panj pai
80 yusuf Khel
6. Jauz- i-Khel
7. Kala-i-Malikhan
8. Bakshi Kala
9. Kala-i-Umar Khan
(Umar Khan)
10. Arzu Khel
11. Muchi Khel 60
12. Kh waja Khel or
Maruf Khel 55
13. Chalak (Chala?) Khel 11
14. Kala-i-Godal 20
15. Kala Patak Khel (Shekhana) 15
16. Kala-i-Mulla Gulzar 14
17. Karez Gul Muhammad - -
18. Appa Khan (Khel) 15
19. Kala-i-Begam
20. Azak (Azu) Khel
21. Mani Khel
22. Kol-i-Jalal
23. Niamatal
24. Ursuk
25. Jauz Khel
26. Dinar
27. Irgana
28. Chogai 80
29. Iwaz Khan 10
30. Ispidar (southwest Kharwar) 80
31. Sera Kala (ditto) 15
32. Shahi (southwest Kharwar) 4
33. Shaikhan 15
34. Gurbed --
35. Sangab 2
36. Mahmudi Kala (Nos. 30 to 2
36 are villages in the
Sangab valley, the route
to Robat, etc.)
37. Rashid 10
38. Kotal
4 0
39. Aman --
40. Pakhagai or ~ashagai 15
41. Kol-i-Sabz 120
42. Khawra 12
43. Urfan or Orpan
2 0
(Ghilzais)
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Nuria Khel
(Ghilzais)
Ditto
Ditto
Gada Khel
(Ghi 1 za i s)
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
-----
Gada Khel
(Ghilzais)
Ditto
Ditto
Gada Khel
(Ghilzais)
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
-----
Gada Khel
(Ghilzais)
Andar
(Ghilzais)
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
And a r
(Ghi lzais)
Ditto
-----
Ditto
-----
Andar
(Ghilzais)
And a r
(Ghilzais)
and Gada
Khe 1
Andars and
Gada Khels
Andars
Gada Khel
Ditto
TOTAL 1,180
A s t h e Zanakhan val l ey is so c l o s e l y c onne c t e d
wi t h Kharwar, the
list o f its vi l l a ge s a r e also gi ven:
Name of Vi l l a g e
Number o f Houses
1. Kala-i-Alam
2. Pai ndeh Khel
3. Dado Khel o r Rahat
4. Fa r i d Khel
5. Kala-i-Khwaja
6. Hai bat Khel
7. Deduk Khel
8. Yasi n Khel
9. Sa r Kol
10. Kal a- i - Par di l
11. Kush Abdal
12. Mamosh Kal a
13. Fa ki r Kala
14. Dadu
15. Gogar
16. Zarak Kal a
17. Lol a Kala
18. Godal i
19. Kala-i-Mia Dad
20. Kala-i-Mast
21. Gi r dar Khel
22. Bayanai
Tr i be
Andar
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
DO.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Wardakis
Do.
Do.
Di vi si ons. Kharwar is d i v i d e d f o r a dmi ni s t r a t i ve pur pos e s i nt o two
di vi s i on. The e a s t e r n por t i on, f r om Iwaz t o t h e s p u r of hi l l s which
r u n s s o u t h f r om near t h e Koh-i-Surai a s f a r a s t h e Al t i mur passes,
pa ys r e ve nue d i r e c t t o Kabul. The we s t e r n di vi s i on, i ncl udi ng t he
rest of Kharwar, b e l o n g s t o t h e Ghazni d i s t r i c t .
Revenues, Ea s t e r n Di vi si on. The r e a r e var i ous t a x e s l evi ed. The
r e ve nue de r i ve d from r ai n- l ands ( l a l mi ) is l e vi e d in t h e following
manner i n t h e e a s t e r n di vi s i on: The h a r v e s t is e i t h e r di vi ded into
t e n e qua l por t i ons , of whi ch one be l ongs t o t h e A mi r or el s e t he
amount is e s t i ma t e d and t h e r e ve nue on r ai n- l ands ha s been farmed
o u t a t t h e r a t e of 120 k ha r wa r s ( Tabr i zi ) , t h e Tabr i z kharwar being
e q u a l t o 62-1/2 Kabul seers, a bout 750 maunds (Indi an).
The r e ve nue on i r r i g a t e d l a n d s i n t h e e a s t e r n (Kabul) di vi si on of
Kharwar amount s t o R 30,000. From i r r i g a t e d l and a f i xe d tax is
l e vi e d a t t h e f ol l owi ng r a t e s . Lands i r r i ga t e d by st r eam Water at
t h e r a t e of R 4 p e r j ar i b; i f i r r i g a t e d by s p r i n g s a t t h e r a t e of R 3
p e r j ar i b, b u t i f wat er ed f r om Karez a t R 2 p e r jarib.
Be s i d e s t h i s t h e r e a r e va r i ous minor items of r evenue. A s for
i ns t a nc e : Sar-i-Charb-i-Bibi ( " f at f o r t h e Queen' s hair1')-a tax as
j a gi r t o t h e Queen: one and-a-half kha r wa r s of g hi.
Darwazagai ( d u t y on door s) - - amount i ng t o about R 800.
Pol l -t ax-about R 3,000 a year .
Tax on pl oughs - - us ed in t h e c ul t i va t i on o f r ai n l a nds , a t t h e rate
o f 6 annas p e r pl ough, whi ch amount s t o a bout R 1,000 ( ~a bul i ) .
Sar Ramagi--R1 on 3 s h e e p ( 4 annas pe r s h e e p ) , and R 1 per 4 goats,
amount i ng t o a bout R 2,000 a year .
Wes t er n Di vi si on. In ye a r s of p l e n t i f u l r ai nf al l , t h e revenue On
l al mi is f l x e d a t t h e r a t e of one - t e nt h of t h e a c t ua l pr oducer and
i t comes t o about s i x t y Tabr i zi khar war s . But t h i s por t i on of t he
r e v e n u e is u s u a l l y f a r me d o u t . Th e r e v e n u e on i r r i g a t e d land
amount s t o a bout 50 t omas Kabuli ( R 1, 000) . (Gri esbach. )
KHARZAR
)j,L
34-38 68-6 G. El evat i on 11, 000 (?) f e e t . A vi l l age in t h e Besud
Hazara count r y, 2-1/2 m i l e s s o u t h e a s t of t h e Hajigak, and about 7
miles s out h of t h e I r ak pa s s . I t f or ms t h e 8 t h s t a g e on t h e main
... -
~abul--Mazar-i-Sharif road. I t cont ai ns some 100 hous e s o f Daulat
pai Besuds, of Mir Tahmasb subdi vi si on. The road from Kabul d i v i d e s
here, t h e br anch t o t h e r i g h t goi ng up a t agao t o t h e Irak pa s s ,
while t h a t t o t h e l e f t , t h e main r oad, g o e s up a r avi ne t o t h e
Hajigak. A little way above t h e vi l l age, t o war ds t h e Irak pa s s , t h e
tagao is from 100 t o 150 ya r ds wi de, and uncul t i vat ed, and t r o o p s
might encamp her e; g r a s s is abundant , but f u e l is s c a r c e and con-
s i s t s of br ushwood only; wat er from t h e Kharzar st r eam. In summer
t hi s par t of t h e val l ey is f u l l of kuc hi s , who come h e r e f o r t h e
gr a z i ng. (I.B.C.)
,\j,L
KHARZAR
35-2 68-14 A. A pa s s l eadi ng over t h e main r ange of t h e Hindu Kush
from t h e Ghorband val l ey t o t h a t of t h e Surk hab, and s i t ua t e d be-
tween t h e Koh-i-Jaolangah and t h e Koh Deh-i-Warsandan. I t can be
reached from t h e s out h e i t h e r by t h e Sangandao Dara and Kotal, or by
t h e Botian Dara; bot h of whi ch a f f o r d r o u t e s pr act i cabl e f o r pack
animals. A t t h e kot a l t h e road agai n d i v i d e s i nt o two. The r i g h t
hand t r ack g o e s nor t h by t h e Narkoh and Pajman Daras t o Bar f ak; t h e
ot her goe s t o Gi r daneh and down t h e Pur kaf Dara t o Doab-i-Mek hzar i .
The l a t t e r is s o d i f f i c u l t t h a t it may b e d i s r e g a r d e d a s
impracticable. ( Peacocke, from nat i ve i n ormation.) Recent maps
show a vi l l age wi t h t h i s name l ocat ed on a t r i but ar y of t h e Ghor-
band, about 10 m i l e s s out h of Si agi r d, a t 34-52 68-52 m. (LWA. )
KHARZARI
(See Military Repor t on Hazarajat, Part 11.) A Dai Zangi vi l l age on
t he main Kabul--Hazarajat--Dalat Y ar road.
*KHARZUN a>
33-51 69-36 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed on t h e Ar yobst er Toy, about 2
miles nor t hwe s t of Bikarai i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
*KHAS KUNAR /5 doL
34-38 70-52. Khas Kunar is a wol eswal i in Nangarhar pr ovi nce. The
woleswali compr i s es an ar ea of 330 s qua r e ki l omet er s and has an
agr i cul t ur al popul at i on t h a t has been est i mat ed a t from 5,106 t o
6,520. The wol eswal i is bounded in t h e w e s t by Chawki and Nur Gul,
i n t h e s out h by Gosht a Khwaja Zemar, i n t h e nor t h by Si rkanai , and
i nt he e a s t by Paki st an. Khas Kunar has about 21 vi l l ages , 12 of
which have more t han 500 i nhabi t ant s . The vi l l ages a r e Li st ed i n
t h e PG a s f o l l o ws : Shamkar ( Shamka) , Haki mabad, Dak Kalai,
Akhundzadagan, Arazi-i-ulya, Arazi-i-Sufla, Tonar (Shanal ), Banday,
Kulalano Bandai, Kunar-i- has, Karmota, Chand Ra w i (Chand Rawul),
Kawil, Juba, Sana Khel, Chanchan, Mang wa l , Dag hai, Chamyari, Lutan,
Banday Hakimbad, Bailam, and Tai.
KHATAI Or BABALI j L
A t r i be of Hazaras; t h e c h i e f s a r e ~ h a t a i s , sai d t o have come from
Khotan, and t h e mass of t h e peopl e a r e Babalis, t h e t r i b e bei ng
known i n d i f f e r e n t l y by e i t h e r name. I t is not i mprobabl e t h a t t h e
Babalis may have been Taj i ks whi ch would account f or t h e ver y Par-
t i al admi xt ur e of t h e Mongol t y p e i n t h e f e a t ur e s of t h e men.
The Katais own t h e count r y ne a r e s t Kandahar immediately nor t h of t h e
Darafshan valley, whi ch t h e y f or mer l y owned. (St. John.)
See "bmi an Pr oper " and al s o Military Repor t on ~ a z a r a j a t , Par t 11.
&
*KHATAK
32-2 68-48 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a bout 3 miles west of Mamai on t he
way t o Wur.
*KHATA KHEL
32-55 68-13 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e Makhi st r eam, on t h e road
f r om West t o Pana i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
KHATI KHEL & j L
34- 70-. A v i l l a g e i n t h e Kh u g i a n i d i v i s i o n o f t h e Jalalabad
d i s t r i c t , a bout 4 m i l e s n o r t h e a s t o f Kh i d a r Khel . I nhabi t ant s :
Khugi ani s of t h e Kharbun s e c t i on.
( Jenkyns. )
KHAT KHAN & ~ ; j
33- 69-. A vi l l a ge on t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e Hariob stream 1-1/2
miles s o u t h of A l i Khel. It h a s onl y 1 2 h o u s e s and l i t t l e cultiva-
t i o n . (I.B.C.)
KHAWAK
dl+
35-42 69-31 A. El evat i on 11, 650 f e e t . A p a s s l eadi ng over t he
Hi ndu Kush, c r o s s e d by t h e Kabul-Khanabad r oad; it is 115 miles from
Kabul. Pa r t i e s of k h a s a d a r s a r e s t a t i o n e d a t i nt e r va l s along t he
r oad ove r t h e p a s s to k e e p it c l e a r of snow, and it is t h u s practi-
cal l y al ways pa s s a bl e i n or di na r y year s . In Febr uar y 1905, when t he
Dane Mi ssi on was a t Kabul a l a r g e camel car avan ar r i ved in Kabul
whi c h had c r o s s e d t h e p a s s i n t h e f i r s t week of February, t her e
bei ng a t t h e t i m e 53 d e g r e e s of f r o s t a t Kabul accompani ed by heavy
snow- st or ms. I t is s ai d (1905) t h a t t h e A m i r ha s gi ven or de r s for
p a r t s of t h e r oad ove r t h e p a s s t o b e c ove r e d in wi t h cor r ugat ed
i r o n p e n t r o o f s a s a n a d d i t i o n a l p r e c a u t i o n a g a i n s t t h e snow.
(I.B.C.)
KHAWAK
dl+
35-38 69-54. A vi l l age, and an ol d f o r t , near t h e j unct i on of t he
Cha pc hi and Si p i Daras, a t t h e e a s t e r n f o o t of t h e Khawak pass.
The r e is a ga r r i s on h e r e c o n s i s t i n g of one r egi ment of cavalry, one
b a t t e r o f a r t i l l e r y, 2 ba t t a l i ons o f i nf a nt r y and 300 khasadar s; of
t h e s e Last some a r e q u a r t e r e d in h u t s on t h e road over t h e pass
i t s e l f . (I.B.C.)
KHAWAL, AB-I See URAZGANI
KHAWAN I CH
&' , '
A Pa s s in Khos t ove r t h e r a nge s e pa r a t i ng t h e t wo val l eys, nort hern
and s o u t h e r n , compos i ng t h e d i s t r i c t . (I.B.C.)
KHAWAS
&'+
A r i v e r r i s i ng i n t h e Kuh-i-Berun and f l owi ng i nt o t h e b elm and from
t h e nor t h. ( See Mi l i t ary Re por t on Hazaraj at , Pa r t 11.)
L4L
KHAWAT
34-4 68-0 m. A d i s t r i c t in t h e s o u t h of t h e Besud count r y. (See
Mi l i t ary Re por t on Hazaraj at , Par t 11.)
The r e is a l s o a vi l l age at
34-4 68-33 G. (LWA.)
&',L
KHAWAT, AB-I
34-5 68-45 A. A r i v e r in ~ e s u d . ( See Military Repor t on ~a z a r a j a t t
P a r t I1 .)
" '+
*KHAZAN
32-59 68-34 m. A vi l l a ge near Malakh, n o r t h we s t o f Yahyakhel i n
~ h a z n i pr ovi nce.
*KHAZAN-I -CH INA +t &
32-13 68-35 m.
A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d i n t h e Kamkai Wazakhwa a r e a on t h e
way sout h t o Wur.
KHAZAR
A+
A s ect i on of t h e Muhammad Khwaja Hazaras. ( See Mi l i t ary Re por t on
Hazar aj at , P a r t 11.)
*KHEDRAN
"tJ&
33-49 68-18 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d some 15 miles nor t h o f Ghazni and
west of Jag hatu-i-Wardak.
KHENJ See KHINJ
p
* KHENKAY cdL
32-4 68-48 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d some 10 miles s o u t h e a s t of Wur i n
southern Ghazni pr ovi nce.
*KHERANAY i'&
33-45 69-42 m.
A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d some 8 m i l e s s o u t h west of Chamkani
in Paktia pr ovi nce.
KHERI TAISANG
%&,+
34-0 68-42. A vi l l a ge in Wardak, on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Logar
ri ver, o p p o s i t e Shai khabad, and i nc l ude d in t h a t pl ace. I nha bi t a nt s
Wardaks. (1.B.C.)
KHESH
u;;.
( See Mi l i t ar y Re p o r t on ~ a z a r a j a t , Pa r t 11.) A d i s t r i c t i n t h e
northeast cor ner of t h e Besud count r y.
KHESH &+
A Sect i on of t h e Daulat Pai Hazaras. ( See Military Re por t on Hazara-
j at , Pa r t 11.)
KHIDA r - l j
A s ect i on of t h e Khat ai Hazaras o f t h e Bamian d i s t r i c t . (A.B.C.)
KHIDAR J*
( See Mi l i t ar y Re p o r t on Ha z a r a j a t , P a r t 11.) A p l a c e i n t h e Dai
Kundi count r y.
KHIDAR KHAN1 & J ~ L
34- 70-. A vi l l age in t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t , about 1 m i l e s out h-
west of Batik ot . I nhabi t ant s : ~ i r a i s . ( Jenkyns. )
KHIDAR KHEL J+J+
34- 70-. A v i l l a g e i n t h e ~ h u g i a n i d i v i s i o n o f t h e J a l a l a ba d
di s t r i c t , about 10 m i l e s s o u t h e a s t o f Gandamak. The i nha bi t a nt s
belong t o t h e Kharbun s e c t i o n of t h e ~ h u g i a n i s . ( Jenkyns. ) Anot her
village wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d nor t h of Wazakhwa, a t 32-13 68-22
m. (LWA)
KHIDD~ or KHANDI GHAKHI
J*
33-26 69-21 G. El evat i on about 10, 100 f e e t . A p a s s ove r t h e r a nge
l yi ng t o t h e w e s t of host l e a di ng from t h e head of t h e ha mil
val l ey on t o t h e Koshi n pl ai n. I t is c r o s s e d a t about 16 miles short
of Gar dez by t h e main r oad l e a di ng
f r om Matun t o Gar dez and so to
Kabul or Ghazni .
Th e a s c e n t t o t h e p a s s f r om t h e Khos t s i d e is ve r y s t e e p and would,
i n its p r e s e n t c ondi t i on, b e ver y d i f f i c u l t f o r camel t r ans por t . The
s o i l howe ve r is s o f t and i t would b e e a s y t o make a road wi t h easier
gr a di e nt s . Wooded h i l l s rise on e i t h e r s i d e of t h e t r a c k, but flank-
i ng p a r t i e s coul d move al ong t hem wi t h o u t d i f f i c u l t y . The des cent to
t h e Koshi n pl ai n is e a s y l e a di ng g e n t l y downwa r ds over open spur s
and undul at i ons .
Th e summi t of t h e p a s s is ope n, t h e h i l l s on t h e r i g h t (goi ng from
host) r i s i n g onl y s l i g h t l y above t h e l e v e l of t h e r oad. On t h e l e f t
t h e y rise t o a g r e a t h e i g h t , some 2,500 f e e t above t h e pass. The
r a n g e is w e l l wooded, c h i e f l y wi t h c h i l g hoza trees. Snow is believed
ne ve r t o lie ve r y d e e p on t h e pa s s , and Ghi l zai camel s a r e said to
b e a bl e t o c r o s s t h r o u g h o u t t h e wi nt er . (I.B.C.)
KHI LTI &
A Kafi r cl an ment i oned by Gi r dl e s t one on t h e a ut hor i t y of Colonel
Gar dner . H e t a l k s o f t h e Hi ndu Kush be t we e n t h e Khawak and Dorah
p a s s e s a s be i ng i nha bi t e d by Khi l t i s. Accor di ng t o him t h e Khiltis
p r e f e r t o bui l d t h e i r h o u s e s i n a c l e a r i ng in t h e he a r t of some
f o r e s t . The i r h o u s e s a r e sel dom less t h a n t wo s t o r e y s hi gh, with
s i d e s t a i r c a s e s on t h e out s i de . The s upr e me d e i t y of t h e Khiltis i s
c a l l e d Dogan. The y a l s o pay s p e c i a l r e s p e c t t o t h e North Star.
( Gar dner . )
KH I NGOT
c;JL
34- 69-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Cha r de h val l ey o f Kabul, about 2 miles
s o u t h o f Teba, a t t h e e a s t e r n ba s e of t h e Korogh mountain. I t con-
t a i n s a bout 100 f ami l i es o f Ahmadzai and Adrarnzai Ghi l zai s. (I.B.C.)
KHINJ c+
35-26 69-44 m. A vi l l a ge i n t h e u p p e r Panj s hi r gl en, si t uat ed on
t h e r i g h t bank of t h e s t r eam 6 m i l e s above t h e vi l l age of Marz, and
c ont a i ni ng 100 h o u s e s o f Taj i ks. On t h e l e f t is t h e mouth of t he
Dara Dark h i n j up whi c h a f oot - pa t h l e a d s i n t o Kafi ri st an. A ravine
ope ni ng on t h e r i g h t bank near Khi nj vi l l a ge is cal l ed Jar wesh. I t
h a s a haml et of 10 h o u s e s a t its mout h. A st r eam i s s u e s from each
r a vi ne .
One and a hal f miles l owe r down is t h e vi l l age of Birjaman, which
h a s 20 h o u s e s of Taj i ks unde r t h e headman o f ~ h i n j . (Shahzada
Taimus. )
*KHINJ KOT +$ e
32-56 69-27 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d
i n t h e Tangi Lgad, about 3 miles
W e s t of t h e Paki s t an bor de r .
KHINJUKAK
d'
34-22 68-33. A ha l t i ng pl a c e a t a r ui ned f o r t of t h e Sulaiman Khel
Ghi l zai s , on t h e r oad f r om Panah t o Kala Kharot i . Ther e i s a karez
he r e . ( Br oadf oot . )
*KHIR KAREZ jJJ+
34-8 68-57 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a bout 5 miles nor t h of Babus in
Logar pr ovi nce.
*KHIR KHEL
- -
33-43 69-25 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d in t h e Tut a Khel ar ea, about 15
miles n o r t h e a s t o f o n t h e r oa d to ~ l i ~ h ~ l i n pakt i a
pr ovi nc e .
&r;
*KHIRMANA
33-54 69-39 m. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Jaj i ar ea, a bout 5 m i l e s s o u t h we s t
of A l i Khel i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
&C; -+
KHIRSKHANA
34-22 68-33. A p a s s i n t h e hi l l s , a bout 6 miles s o u t h o f sar-i-
Chashma. The r oad t o Ghazni (Via Dai Mirdad) g o e s over t h i s pa s s ,
which is f i t f o r mul e- t r af f i c b u t d i f f i c u l t f o r camel s. (I.B.C.)
KHIRSKHANA
LC; y+
34- 69-. leva ti on 6, 210 f e e t . A p a s s l e a di ng from Kabul i n t o t h e
oh Daman 6 1/2 m i l e s nor t h west o f t h e f or mer . Appr oachi ng from t h e
nor t h, t h e r i s e is s o gr a dua l t h a t t h e h i g h e s t poi nt o f t h e r oad is
reached une xpe c t e dl y, a s it is w e s t of t h e
h i l l s t h r o u g h whi c h t h e
road descends.
The road over t h e pa s s , when s e e n by some members o f t h e Dane
Mission i n 1905 was f ound t o be good and e a s i l y t r a ve r s a bl e by
wheel ed guns , e x c e p t f o r a d i s t a n c e o f a bout one m i l e on t h e summi t ,
where it was o u t o f r e pa i r and s t ony. (I.B.C.) A pl a c e cal l ed Khi r
Khana or Khair Khana is l oc a t e d a t 34-34 69-6 A. (LWA)
KHIRS KHWAR ,' P+k
34- 68-. A t r i but a r y of t h e u p p e r Kabul r i ve r , whi ch it j oi ns from
t h e s out h about s i x m i l e s e a s t of t h e Unai pa s s . (Wanliss. )
*KHOGAI &
34-13 70-16 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d s o u t h we s t of Cha pr i a r and nor t h-
west of Agam i n Nangarhar province.
KHOJA See KHWAJA LL'+
KHOJAK b
A s ect i on of Ghi l zai s who i nha bi t t h e e a s t of t h e Ghi l zai c ount r y
next t o t h e Jadr ans. Br oa df oot s a ys t h e y a r e c h i e f l y of t h e Ahmadzai
sect i on of t h e Sulaiman Khel. On t h e occas i on o f t h e f i r s t Br i t i s h
advance t o Kabul , Co l o n e l He r r i n g , o f t h e 3 7 t h Be n g a l n a t i v e
i nf ant r y, was mur der ed by a pa r t y o f mar auder s, a f t e r wa r d s f ound t o
be Khojaks. A f o r c e was a c c or di ngl y s e n t u n d e r Capt ai n Outram t o
a t t a c k t he m i n t h e i r own s t r o n g h o l d , ne a r Kal agu, i n Zur mat .
Outram' s t r o o p s c o n s i s t e d o f a wi ng o f i n f a n t r y a nd s o me 350
cavalry; h e f ound t h e Khoj aks s t r o n g l y p o s t e d a t t h e f o o t of a r a nge
of mountains of bare r ock, and immediately at t acked them, and t hough
t hey behaved wi t h some gal l ant r y, s p e e d i l y and u t t e r l y d e f e a t e d
them, ki l l i ng many and t a ki ng t h e rest of t hem pr i s one r s , 120 i n
number. Br oadf oot s a y s t h a t on t h i s occas i on e ve n t h e women t ook
Part i n t h e f i g h t t hr owi ng down i n c e s s a n t s h o we r s o f s t o n e s , and
handing t h e i r hus ba nds powde r and bal l wi t h t h e g r e a t e s t c ool ne s s .
(Havelock, Outram, Broad f oot . )
KHOJAL KHEL
& (el+ ) b
33-39 68-38 A. A vi l l age about 14 m i l e s n o r t h e a s t of ~ h a z n i on t h e
road t o Kharwar. The r e is room f o r a br i ga de t o camp on t h e r i g h t
bank of t h e st r eam on whi ch t h e vi l l age s t a nds . (1.B.C.)
%HOLA Jr
34-17 67-34 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d some 6 miles w e s t of ~ u r k h a b a d i n
Banian pr ovi nce.
KHONA &+
32-21 68-13 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d some 6 miles s o u t h e a s t of Marefkhel
and nor t h of Shi nkai Ghar i n s o u t h e r n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
KHON I NDA d &. ~
A s e c t i on of t h e Pol ada Hazaras. ( See Military Repor t on Hazarajat,
Pa r t 11.)
* KHORAM
t, '
34-52 68-13 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed i n t h e Shumbul ar ea on a tributary
of t h e Ghorband.
KHORAMA I d p
33-25 70-7 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d some 3 miles s out he a s t of Terezai
( Al i sher ) in e a s t e r n Pak t i a pr ovi nce.
*KHOSHAMAND See KHUSHAMAND &A+
KHOST ~ t ;
33-20 69-55. host is a wol eswal i i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce. The woleswali
c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 420 s qua r e ki l omet er s and has an agricultural
popul at i on t h a t has been es t i mat ed a t from 27,042 t o 42,612. The
wol eswal i is bounded i n t h e west by Musa Khel, Nader Shah, and
Mandozi, in t h e s out h by G U K ~ U Z , on t h e e a s t by Trayzai, and south-
e a s t by t h e St a t e o f Paki st an, and in t h e nor t h by Sar ot i (Zambar).
Khost has about 111 vi l l ages , 23 of whi ch have more t han 500 inhab-
i t a nt s . The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d in t h e PG a s f ol l ows: Darash Kalai,
( Dash Kal ai ), Qar ya- i - Lat a k , Tani Kalai, Karam Sar ay, Ayub Khel,
Bal l , Gor i yan, Chi na Kalai, Ba kht a wa r Kalai, Baddi Khel, Bada
Khela, Dolan, Babur (Babar), Sar kai Khel Boli, Piran Shamal Niyazi,
Chol an, Qarya-i-Khan (Khan Kalai Lat ak) , Qarya-i-Behsus ( ~ e h s u d i ) ,
Qarya-i-K hal i f a, Land i Kalai, Qarya-i-Gulbad Khan, ~arya-i-Mohamad
Omar Khan (Omar-Kalai), Kotolai Matun, Wardah Khel, Dari Khel-i-
Matun, Torah Wari, Pat arah, Niyaz Gul Kalai, ~arya-i -Kaj i ri , Chaqhi
( C hog hi ) , Toryan, Qarya-i-Habash Khel, Kot Kai Kalai, Dar Koti,
Mando Khel, Wati Kalai, Mina, Shakar ah Matun, ~ h a t a k a i Kalai, Kori-
Yan Matun, Wargha, Gharombai, Matta China, Mashin Latak, Mardi Khel,
Kheder Piran, Tandi Piran, Khal es a- i - ~at un, Landai Matun, ~a l konda i
(Malo Mond i), Manai, Penzaya-Shamal, Neg zai, Keramat Khel, Rasul
Mohamad Kalai, Khan Hawas Kalai, Madi Khel, Qarya-i-Magass, ~ u n d i ,
Wel gai , A l i Sh i r a i , Qala-i-Sak h i Khan, Malizai, ~ala-i- Wazir,
Nurzai, Mer Mandai, Qarya-i-Tabi (Tabi Lakan), Mahmud Khel, 0an9i
Bag h, Arnam-i-Hendu, Qala-i-Henduwan, Zerai Terk ha, Asar, Matkai
( Pat ak) , Mar zg hor-i-Kalan, St e r Mazg hor , Kamkai, ~arya-i-Qad e r Khan
( Qader Mangal), Khandar, Qarya-i-Wazyan, ~arya-i -Al i daya, ~ a r ~ a - 1 -
Kot al , Zar G h a l i La t a k, Dandayan, ~ h a r s i n , ~a r y a - i - Sa h i b Zadah
Kot ai , Amin Gul , Daru Ghe l j a i Kalai, Pa r a ngi Zadr an Kalai, ~ i r r i
G hel j ai , Husain Kot, Mamur Janat Gul (Khan Kalai), ~ol l ayan-i -Pi ran,
Fazl uddi n Pir Kalai, Shenkai Kalai, ~ u l Ahmad Shah, ~ a y r i piran,
Hollayan-i-La kan, Qarya-i-Tang (Tang La kan) , Nu k u t Khel, sahebzadah
Segai , Pas Koriyan, Bar Koriyan, Khodi zai , Shi r Bazar, Kamar Sar,
Chopr ai , Shah Pol Kalai, Mari Khel, Lakan Tar, ~ h u n d a i ~ a l a i , Qala-
i-Na kam, Qar ya- i - Qar dat , ~ a r y a - i - ~ a n u , Moqbel , and ~ z m a t i Qala.
( LWA) In 1914 t h e ar ea was de s c r i be d a s f ol l ows: The di s t r i c t
Rhos t c ompr i s e s t h e uppe r por t i on o f t h e val l ey of t h e ~ha mf l Or
Kaitu r i ver . I t i s bounded on t h e nor t h, nor t he a s t , and nor t hwest by
Kurram and Zurmat, and by t h e Turi, Jaji, Mangal, Mukhbil an Jadran
t r i be s ; on t h e e a s t and s o u t h e a s t by t h e Dawesh Khel WaZirS, west by
t h e Jadran count r y, and s out h by Dawar. I t is sai d t o be 40
l ong, and is wat er ed by t h r e e st r eams, t h e most i mport ant of whi ch
is t h e Shamil. I t c ont a i ns no ve r y l a r g e vi l l a ge s , b u t a v a s t number
of small ones. Matun, b e s i d e s its f o r t , c o n s i s t s of a g r o u p of some
t hi r t y haml et s. It is t h e us ual r e s i d e n c e of t h e Af ghan Hakim (Man-
sur Khan i n 1907) , and ha s an e l e va t i on o f 3,982 f e e t . The cl i mat e
of Khost is warmer t ha n t h a t o f Kurram.
The i n h a b i t a n t s o f t h e u p p e r p o r t i o n o f t h e v a l l e y a r e c a l l e d
~ h o s t wa l s whi l e t h e l owe r por t i on is oc c upi e d by Wazi rs, wi t h whom
t h e f or mer a r e al ways r e a dy t o combi ne i n a t t a c k i n g t h e i r Tur i
nei ghbour s. The di vi s i ons of t h e Khos t wal s are--(i) Ismai l Khel,
said t o number 3, 000 men, and r e s i d e a t t h e head of t h e val l ey n e x t
t o t h e Jadr ans; (ii) Matun, who number 1, 000 men and i nha bi t t h e
vi ci ni t y of t h e A m i r Ch a o n i ( c a n t o n me n t ) ; (iii) Mandozai , 1, 000,
next below t h e Ismai l Khel; (i v) Shami l , 1, 000 men, bel ow Madozai;
(v) Lakkan, 1, 000, who i nha bi t t h e val l ey of t h e Landar Sadak, a
stream whi ch j oi ns t h e Kaitu from t h e nor t h. Ot her s e c t i o n s ar e:
Mali, 2, 000; Ta r wi z a i , 500; Sa ba r i , 2, 000; Ba ki r Khe l , 800; a nd
Tani, 3,000. The Khos t wal s c a l l t he ms e l ve s Pat hans , b u t t h e y a r e
probably a mongr el r a c e l i k e t h e Bannuchi s. They a r e di vi de d i n t o
Tor Gundi and Spi n Gundi f a c t i ons .
The val l ey of Khos t is s ai d t o b e nowhe r e s o br oad a s t h a t o f
Kurram; it has, however , a g r e a t e r b r e a d t h o f c ul t i va t i on, b u t t h e
most of it is uni r r i ga t e d, and d e p e n d e n t on rai n; t h e s o i l is ve r y
f e r t i l e when i r r i ga t e d from t h e st r eams. The t h r e e s t r e a ms come
down in a s o u t h e a s t e r l y di r e c t i on, t h e most nor t he r n, t h e J a j i
Algad, from Shabar as; t h e mi ddl e one, Landu, from t h e b o r d e r s o f
Zurmat, whi l e t h e most s o u t h e r n , cal l ed t h e Sadi k Kai t u, f a l l s i n t o
t h e Kurram r i ver . The c h i e f p r o d u c t is rice. The mount ai ns whi ch
conf i ne Khost on all s i d e s af f or d pl e nt y o f t i mber , f u e l and pa s t ur -
age. Cows, b u f f a l o e s and g o a t s a r e t h e c h i e f s t o c k . The Khos t wal s
t ake t obacco, rice, g h i and namdas t o Bannu f o r s al e, and br i ng back
sal t , i ndi go, i r on and l e a t h e r g o o d s and c l ot h. The Khos t wal s buy
t hei r s a l t from t h e Wazi rs, who br i ng it from Bahadur Khel, and t h e y
are ent i r el y d e p e n d e n t on t h i s s o u r c e of s uppl y.
According t o Donald t h e r evenue pai d by Khost 1s:
Baki r Khel
I smai l Khel
Matun
Saba r i
Mandoza i
A l i She r i
Sewa k i
Khudaza i
Khal sen
Kagdam
Lakkan
Landar
Sadi k
Aran Khel
Mall i
Khabast
Gulbaz
Total R s . 51,400 Kabul i l = t o about R s 29,000 Br i t i s h .
The d i s t r i c t was oc c upi e d dur i ng t h e mont h o f Januar y 1879 by t h e
British who def eat ed t h e ~ h o s t wa l s with consi derabl e l os s on t h e 7t h
Of t h e month in t h e ne i ghbour hood of Matun, wi t h a l o s s o f onl y 2
killed and s i x wounded on t h e Br i t i s h s i de . During t h e t empor ar y
Occupation, t h e only c h i e f s who showed any di sposi t i on t o be f r i end-
l y bel onged t o t h e Spi n f act i on.
Khost can be e n t e r e d by s e ve r a l r o u t e s from t h e Kurram ~ o c h i Va l -
l eys.
The f ol l owi ng is an e x t r a c t from some n o t e s on Khos t f u r n i s h e d , i n
1098, by Mr. J. G. Lori mer, a t t h a t t i m e Pol i t i cal Of f i c e r i n t h e
Tochi valley.
*The s e a t of Gover nment is Matun in t h e col d weat her , and Gabar i n
t h e h o t . Th e r e a r e f o u r Sub- Gove r nor s , o r Haki ms, one in Jaji
Maidan, one i n t h e Mangal count r y, one i n t h e Zadran count r y and one
i n t h e Tani count r y.
"A year l y t a x of Re . 1 is c ol l e c t e d e ve r ywhe r e , and ever y fortieth
animal of t h e f l o c k s , h e r d s and camel s is a ppr opr i a t e d annually by
t h e Government. Thi s l a t t e r t a x is known a s ' Chihilyak. ' Fruit
trees, i ncl udi ng mul ber r i es, a r e t a xe d a t one s h a h i a year each; a
s h a h i is wor t h about 3/4 anna. Kharch, or commission, a t various
r a t e s is a l s o t a ke n by Government on t h e s a l e of gr ai n and animals,
but not of l and; t h i s r es embl es r e g i s t r y f e e s i n Br i t i sh India, and
t h e t r a ns a c t i on is publ i cl y r e c or de d when khar ch is paid. R s . 10-8
is pai d t o Government on a c c ount of e ve r y marriage. The uni t for the
cal cul at i on of l and r evenue is t h e j ar i b of 60 s t e p s (or about 50
ya r ds ) s qua r e wi t h an ar ea of somewhat more t ha n hal f an acre. The
J aj i s , Khost wal s, Mangals and Zadrans pay r evenue a t Re . 1-4 a
j ari b, pe r annum; t h e r evenue is c ol l e c t e d i n t wo equal instalments.
I t is b r o u g h t by t h e mal i ks t o t h e t r eas ur y. I r r i ga t e d land on t he
Shamil and Matun s t r e a ms pays Re . 1-8. The Tanis pay R s . 2 per
pl ough i ns t e a d of payi ng by t h e j ari b, and t h e Sabaris, whose land
is uni r r i ga t e d, pay t i t h e s i n ki nd. A ve r y l a r ge pr opor t i on of t he
c u l t i v a b l e l a n d i n Kh o s t b e l o n g s t o Gove r nme nt and is called
khal i sa; it is farmed out t o cul t i vat or s .
"In t h e admi ni st r at i on of j us t i c e al l c a s e s a r e e i t h e r deci ded by
t h e Governor hi msel f or are s e n t t o t h e ~ a z i f o r a deci si on accord-
i ng t o Muhammadan law. The r e is no s uc h t h i n g a s trial by jirga. The
Gover nor of Khost ha s not t h e power of l i f e and death. " (Kane,
Donald, Lorimer, I.B.C.)
*RHOST META
33-31 69-41 m. A vi l l age i n t h e Qalandar Toy ar ea e a s t of Kalander
Ghar i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
KHOSTWAL See KHOST
J' I .--+
KHOTKI &
34- 69-. A vi l l age on t h e road l e a di ng from Bilut, in Hariob, to
Khur d Kabul. I t is a b o u t 1 0 m i l e s f r om Bi l ut , j u s t beyond t he
Khar shat al pas s . I nhabi t ant s: Ghi l zai s. (I.B.C.)
KHUBI
cZY
33- 69-. A t owns hi p c ons i s t i ng of 12 vi l l ages in Khost, 6 1/2
miles from Bak and 12 1/2 miles from Matun. TO t h e nor t h of t he
p l a c e lies an u n c u l t i v a t e d s a l t pl a i n, b u t Khubi i t s e l f i s well
c ul t i va t e d, and bot h wat er and f or a ge a r e good and pl ent i f ul . The
name of t h i s pl ace a p p e a r s t o be occasi onal l y r ender ed a s ~ k h u b i or
Ukubi. (I.B.C.) Recent maps show t h e name Yaqubi, a t 33-27
69-59
m. ( LWA)
KHUD Or KAJ ( 8 ) ~
A l a r g e a f f l u e n t of t h e Helmand r i ver . (See Military Report on
Hazar aj at , Pa r t 11.)
KHUDADAD
J\ j i b
33- 68-. A vi l l age about 11 miles nor t he a s t of Ghanzi, on t he road
t o Kharwar. I.B.C. Recent maps show t h e name Kod Al i , a t 33-39
68-34 m. ( LWA)
& 2' JJ
*KHUDADAD ULA
32-44 68-29 m.
A vi l l age l oc a t e d s o u t h e a s t of Omna and sout h west of
Urgun i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
*KHUDAI
I;
32-2 68-58 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d e a s t o f Mamai i n s o u t h e r n Ghazni
province.
KHUDA IDAD
J J j\ &
34-32 69-14 m. A v i l l a g e i n t h e Kabul d i s t r i c t , c o n s i s t i n g o f f o u r
small haml et s c l o s e t o g e t h e r , a t t h e n o r t h e r n f o o t o f t h e Si ah Si ng
hill, about t wo m i l e s f r om Sh e r p u r . I nha bi t a nt s : Taj i ks and Ri kas.
~t may have be e n 100 and 200 h o u s e s . (I.B.C.)
*KHUDA-I -NAZ AR KALA d
32-44 68-29 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d s o u t h e a s t o f J a n i k h e l and some 8
miles nor t h of Barlak i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
*KHUDA-I-NAZAR KOR A& J&
32-16 68-22 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d n o r t h e a s t o f Marjana i n s o u t h e r n
Ghazni pr ovi nce.
KHUDA NAZAR KHAN &&I&
33-43 68-23 G. Th r e e f o r t v i l l a g e s c onj oi nt l y c ont a i ni ng 45 h o u s e s
of Wardaks, s i t u a t e d i n t h e Sar-i-Ab val l ey, 10 miles n o r t h by w e s t
of Ghazni. (Muhammad Akbar Khan.)
KHUDI 6 Jk
A l a r ge s e c t i o n o f t h Dai Kundi Hazaras. ( See Mi l i t ary Re p o r t on
Hazar aj at , P a r t 11.)
KHUDOZA I
A subdi vi si on of t h e Ghi l zai s , owni ng a bout 3,000 h o u s e s i n t h e
Ghazni d i s t r i c t . ( Hast i ng s.)
They a r e a p p a r e n t l y t h e s a me a s McMahon' s Kh u i d a d Khel . S e e
"Sulaiman Khel."
KHUDPUR rn J+
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Su r k h a b di vi s i on o f t h e Jal al abad d i s -
t r i c t , s i t u a t e d on t h e l e f t ba nk o f t h e S u r k h a b r i v e r , n e a r l y
oppos i t e Wat t apur. I nhabi t ant s : Ghi l zai s. ( Jenkyns. )
*KHUGI ANI &?+
34-15 70-11. Khugi ani is a woleswali i n ~ a n g a r h a r pr ovi nce. The
woleswali c o mp r i s e s an a r e a o f 581 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s and h a s an
agr i cul t ur al popul at i on t h a t h a s be e n e s t i ma t e d a t from 26, 663 t o
40,245. The wol eswal i is bounde d i n t h e n o r t h by Su r k h Rud, in t h e
eas t by Chapar har and Pachi r Agam, i n t h e s o u t h by Paki s t an, and in
t h e we s t by She r z a d. Khugi ani h a s a bout 76 vi l l a ge s , of whi ch a b o u t
63 have more t h a n 500 i nha bi t a nt s . The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG
a s f o l l o ws : Khwar an, Ba g h c h a , Dag Sh u j a , Da r g a ( Daga) , ~ a n k a i
(Malkai), Arg h e c h , Se ~ot i - i - Ta t a ng (Sar ~ o t i ) , I l yas Khel, Kaj-i-
Kotwal, Kaj-i-Almar ( Kaj - i - Al j ar ) , An g u r Tak , Kaj-i-Y u s u f , Kaj-i-
Babi, Khwaza Khel, Kheder ~hel - i - Zawa, brah him Khel-i-Zawa, Kudal i
Zawa, Shag i ( Shapgi ) , Memla, Khani Khel, ~azar - i - Kaj a ( Roshan Koat ),
Kandwalo, Hamzah Khel , Sh a k e r Khel, Bandah Surma, Qala-i-Sad-Bashi,
Lagdi, Nahia-i-Awal, ~ahi a- i - Dowom, Bandah Arg h e c h (Bandarg h e c h ) ,
Oala-i-~arim Khan, ~a l a - i - s a r da r ha , Maidan Kani, Bazid Khel, Banda-
i-Sardaran and Maidan Kaja, Lokhi , Mundah C henar , Saqawa Lo k h i
(Saawa Ma w j i ) , Bahar - i - Suf l a , S h i r g a r r , ~ a l a Kh e l ( ~ a l a i Khel ) ,
Darb Gai, Degan, amb boy-i-~h u s k h (Kubra ~ h u b e s h a k ) , Janbaz Khel ,
Chashma-i-Bahar-i-ulya, Sandal ai , ~ h u g a i , as him Khel , Qala-i-Nazar
Mohd- , Pi rah Khel ( per a Khel ), Ahmad Khel, ~ i r z a Khel, ~ i r g hundai ,
Bul bul Khel (Balal Khel ), Kheder Khel-i-Margai Khel, ~ a n g a i Miyagan,
Skandar ah, ~ a l i g h o (Qalg ho) , Hakim Abad, Odai, Chapar-i-Ahmad Khel,
Lalok Cha pa r (Lalok Char ) , Kambo-i-Khwaz-Khel, Nekar r Khel, Ganga
Khel, Habibulla Khel, Chapar-i -Si yah Koh ( Cha pa r t Koh), Bang Sher
Ul ya, Ba t t na i , Mi ran (Miran-i-C h a p a r ) , Ga r wa nda h, Abadi , Shakar
Khel , Chambari-Ahmad-Khan, Mi rgant ai , Mirali, Khumati Khel, Kharoti
Par as t akar , Koprai Premzo, and Karam Chi r ako.
KHUG I AN I
i'&+
A t r i b e s e t t l e d pr i nc i pa l l y i n t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t , al t hough some
o f its member s a r e f ound i n Laghman, and some a l s o a r e said t o be
- -
m e t wi t h i n Kandahar.
Thi s t r i b e r emai ned i n s o s ul l e n and unf r i e ndl y a mood duri ng t he
Br i t i s h oc c upa t i on o f Jal al abad t h a t it was not pos s i bl e t o obtain
many d e t a i l s r e ga r di ng t hem.
T h e y f or m o n e o f t h e d i v i s i o n s o f t h e Dur ani t r i b e , and are
t h e ms e l v e s s u p p o s e d t o b e d i v i d e d i n t o t h r e e c h i e f cl ans, viz.:
(1) Wazir
( 2 ) Kharbun
( 3) Sher zad
These c l a n s a r e f u r t h e r subdi vi ded a s f ol l ows :
Wazir
Kharbun
Sher zad
S i r k i , Motik
Na j i b i , Kharai
Pa nj pa i , Dopai
The Khugi ani s of Jal al abad oc c upy t h e s k i r t s of t h e Saf ed Koh in t he
s o u t h we s t e r n c o r n e r of t h e d i s t r i c t .
The f ol l owi ng list of vi l l a ge s c ont a i ne d i n t h e Khugi ani subdivision
was pr epar ed by Jenkyns in 1879:
Sher zad Se c t i on
I shapan Kudi Khel
Pet l a Marki Khel
Tut u Gandamak
Mama Khel
Hashim Khel
Nukur Khel
Khwazi Khel
Khidar Khel
Bi l e 1 Khel
Gang Khel
Zawa
Khat i Khel
Akor i
Kharbun Se c t i on
Kharan
Bazid Khel
Argach
Kaj j a
Ka i l agu
Ha k imabad
Bihar-i-Ul i a and
Surma
~ i h a r - i - S u f l a
Nimla
Wazir Se c t i on
Ahmad Khel Agam
Pi r a Khel Nani Khel)
~ a c h i r
Khwaza Khel Rani Khel)
In 1879 Muhammad Sha r i f and Haitjar Khan, of Gandamak, wer e t h e most
i nf l ue nt i a l men i n t h e whol e t r i be.
Al t hough t h e i r c ount r y is not d i f f i c u l t of a c c e s s , t h e lthuqianis
have al ways been a bl e t o g i v e a good de a l of t r oubl e t o t h e Govern-
ors of Jal al abad; and pr obabl y i n c ons i de r a t i on of t h a t t h e y ar e, Or
rere pe r mi t t e d t o enj oy a ve r y l i g h t r e ve nue a s s e s ~ me n t , whi ch is
f i x e d i n c a s h.
They have f e u d s wi t h t h e i r ne i ghbour s , t h e Ghi l zai s on one s i d e and
t h e s hi nwar i s on t h e o t h e r .
In March 1879 t h e Khugi ani s, i nc i t e d by t h e Ghi l zai c h i e f I smat ul l a
Khan, assembl ed t o o p p o s e t h e Br i t i s h and t o a t t a c k t h e Ghi l zai
t r i bes whi ch had been f r i e n d l y t o t h e l a t t e r . They were a t t a c k e d and
def eat ed on t h e 2nd of Apr i l a t Fat ehabad. ( J e nkyns , I.B.C.)
KHUKJJA ( v ) A+
Said t o be a vi l l age s o u t h we s t from Fat ehabad. Probabl y i de nt i c a l
with Kaja. (I.B.C.)
*KHUKKUSHTA d d+
34-54 68-11 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d in t h e Shi bar ar ea, some 5 miles
northwest of Shi bar .
*KHULAI J*
33-48 68-18 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d nor t h of Ghazni and w e s t of
Jaghatu- i-Wardak .
*KHULBESAT c;u
33-29 70-1 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a f e w m i l e s e a s t o f Karezuna i n
Paktia pr ovi nce.
*KHUMRI 4+
33-19 68-35 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d some 3 m i l e s n o r t h we s t of Sa r de h
Band, on t h e way t o Arzo and Ghazni .
KHURD J~
(See Military Re por t on Hazaraj at , Par t 11.)
There is abundant g r a s s i n t h e s u m m i t pl at eau, and many f l o c k s
past ur e t h e r e in summer.
KHURDAK TAKHTA
(See Mi l i t a r y Report on Ha z a r a j a t , Pa r t 11. )
KHURDAKZAI J(+
A s ect i on o f t h e Pol ada Hazaras of Malistan. A vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s
name is l oc a t e d a t 34-45 68-20 m. (LWA)
KHURDAK ZAIDAD J\ +j J, +
A s ubs ect i on of t h e Dai chopan Hazaras. ( See ~ i l i t a r y Re por t on
Hazar aj at , P a r t 11.)
KHURDAK ZAIDAD See POLADA
KHURD BARG & JA+
35- 68-. A hal t i ng pl ace in t h e Nimakao gl e n a t t h e s o u t h e r n f o o t
of t h e Walian p a s s and a bout 5 1/2 m i l e s from t h e summit. The r e a r e
no habi t at i ons he r e , t h e s p o t is marked by a tree. The r e is ve r y
l i t t l e room f o r e nc a mpme nt , b u t wa t e r is a b u n d a n t a s a l s o is a
s pe c i e s of g r a s s known a s j aobarabar whi ch i s s ai d t o make good
f or age. A t Khurd Barg t h e Nimakao gl e n is j oi ned from t h e nor t h west
a l a r ge r avi ne cal l ed t h e Hazar Kuch; t h i s r avi ne c ont a i ns more
than t h e main gl en, and up it a t r a c k l e a d s t o t h e c ha pda r a pa s s .
(I.B.C.)
KHURD KABUL &d+
)4-23 69-23 A. El evat i on 7, 220 f e e t . A vi l l age 17 miles from ~ a b u l ,
4 112 mi l es e a s t o f t h e Khurd Kabul d e f i l e s i t u a t e d unde r t h e hi l l s
0" t h e bank of t h e st r eam. r t c ont a i ns 150 h o u s e s of ~ a j i k s and is a
ha l t i ng pl a c e f o r ka f i l a s comi ng f r om Kabul. Water is abundant. Fuel
is o b t a i n a b l e i n s ma l l q u a n t i t i e s . S u p p l i e s a r e n o t pr ocur abl e
u n l e s s s pe c i a l l y a r r a nge d f or . The r e is f a i r gr ound f o r encampment.
(Johnston.) Recent maps s how t h e s p e l l i n g Khur kabul . (LWA)
KHURD KABUL J+
34-23 69-23. A d e f i l e on t h e r oad be t we e n Kabul and Jalalabad. ~t
commences 1 0 miles e a s t of Kabul, and 1 1/2 m i l e from t h e village of
But k ha k, and c o n s i s t s o f a d e f i l e , down whi c h r u n s a r i ver , confined
by h i g h h i l l s on e i t h e r s i d e , i n a ve r y nar r ow channel . The l engt h
o f t h e d e f i l e is a bout 6 m i l e s , and t h e wi dt h, not more t han from
100 t o 200 ya r ds , t h e r oad c r o s s i n g t h e r i ve r t went y- t hr ee times.
Th e mount ai ns a p p r o a c h s o c l o s e l y t h a t t h e s un sel dom penet r at es to
t h e r oadway, and t h e y a r e o f t h e mos t ba r r e n d e s c r i p t i o n of basalt
and i r o n s t o n e br oke n i n t o p r e c i p i c e s and c r a g s wi t hout a par t i cl e of
ve ge t a t i on on t hem. On l eavi ng t h e d e f i l e , t h e r e is a s l i g h t ascent
o v e r t h e r i d g e a nd a d e s c e n t t o Khur d Kabul vi l l a ge . From a
mi l i t ar y p o i n t of vi ew t h i s d e f i l e is a ve r y f or mi dabl e obj ect to
t h e march of an army, t h e pa t h us e d by ka f i l a s bei ng, in Hough' s
opi ni on, i mpr act i cabl e f o r an army, and t h e p a s s a g e eas i l y di sput ed,
whi l e t h e r e is no poi nt i n it wh e r e a f l a nki ng pa r t y coul d crown t he
h e i g h t s . The r e is a r oad t o t h e n o r t h o f t h i s by t h e Lataband pass,
whi c h t u r n s t h i s d e f i l e .
On t h e oc c a s i on of t h e wi t hdr a wa l of Sal e' s br i ga de t o India i n
1841, it had t o p a s s t h r o u g h t h i s d e f i l e : b u t not wi t hs t andi ng t he
s u p e r i o r s t r e n g t h of Sal e' s f o r c e , 200 Ghi l zai s s t out l y cont est ed
t h e pa s s a ge ; and t h o u g h it was f o r c e d , Sal e l o s t 67 men, ki l l ed and
wounded, in t h e operat i on.
The p a s s a g e o f t h e d e f i l e was a l s o c o n t e s t e d on t h e r e t r e a t of t he
Br i t i s h f o r c e f r om Kabul on 8 t h Januar y 1842. his s p o t chos en Was
a t t h e head of t h e d e f i l e . Here t h e Ghi l zai s ope ne d f i r e on t he
h e l p l e s s mob o f s o l d i e r s , f ol l owe r s and women. A pani c speedi l y
e n s u e d , and a l l p r e s s e d on i n one " f r i g h t e n e d mass, absndoning
ba gga ge , ar ms, ammuni t i on, women and c h i l d r e n , r e g a r d l e s s of al l but
t h e i r own l i ves. " I t is s u p p o s e d t h a t 3,000 s o u l s pe r i s he d i n t hi s
d e f i l e .
When Si r Ge or ge Pol l ock a dva nc e d t h r o u g h t h i s d e f i l e on t h e 14th
Se pt e mbe r 1842 h e t ook t h e pr e c a ut i on t o cr own t h e he i ght s , and
consequent l y no opposi t i on was at t empt ed by t h e enemy. And t hi s was
l i k e wi s e t h e c a s e on t h e occas i on of t h e r e t i r e me nt of t h a t General-
(Masson, Hough Sal e, Kaye, Pol l ock. )
KHURD KHAIBAR +'A+
34-12 71-2. A d e f i l e i n t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t , bet ween t h e vi l -
l a g e s o f Hazarnao and Dakka. I t is ve r y nar r ow, in some pl aces not
a dmi t t i ng of t wo hor s emen goi ng a b r e s t , and about 3/4 mile long.
I t
is mer el y a d e e p , nar r ow r avi ne wi t h h i g h ba nks in some par t s.
The
r oad t h r o u g h it is good, and t h e d e s c e n t i n it is not di f f i c ul t , but
an enemy oc c upyi ng t h e h e i g h t s c oul d s t o p t h e advance of any f or ce
till t h e y were d i s l o d g e d . ( ~ o u g h.)
KHUSHAK
A s e c t i o n of t h e Dai Kundi Hazar as.
KHUSHAL
A s e c t i o n of t h e Muhamnad Khwaja Hazar as.
KHUSHAMADI ( See DAI -KUMDI )
~KHuSHAMAND (DI LEI
&L+
32-41 68-14. Khoshamand ( Di l e ) is a vi l l age and an a l a qa da r i i n
~ h a z n i pr ovi nce. The al aqadar i c ompr i s e s and a r e a o f 1, 344 s q u a r e
ki l omet er s and h a s an a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on t h a t h a s be e n esti-
mated a t form 2,706 t o 9,165. The al aqadar i is bounded i n t h e west
by Gilan, i n t h e s o u t h we s t by Nawa, i n t h e s o u t h and s o u t h e a s t by
Wazakhwa, i n t h e e a s t by J ani Khel, i n t h e nor t h by Ab Band and i n
t h e nor t h west by Muqor. Khoshamand ( Di l e ) h a s a bout 46 vi l l a ge s , 11
of whi ch have more t h a n 500 i nha bi t a nt s . Teh vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d i n
t h e PG a s f ol l ows: Nakam-i-Nau, Nakam-i-Kohna, Panagi r , Zabto Khan,
Qala-i-Kalan, C hambar-i-Moh'd Yar, Watu Khel , Mulla Samand, Mamur
Khel Kohna, Mamur Khel Nau, Dawlat Khan, Abdur Razaq, Akan-i-Nezan
Khel, Khodzai, She r ka i , Shamo Khel, Mulla Abdul Wahab, Abdul Sha h,
Mahmud Khan, Nur Mohamad, At agai , J ani Khel, Khushamand, Shah Tor i ,
Dost Moh'd Nezam Khel ( Dost Khan), Jumjuma, Manari, Omar Khel ,
Ibrahim Khel, Amani, Zamak, Saydan, Maruf Khel, Del dar, Balu Khel ,
Shahbaz, Qala-i-Sorkh, Dad Khel, Gwasht a Ahmad, Pazgai ( Pazgai
Weski ) , Ch o r i , I s r a i l , Haj i Jamal , Haj i Rabani , Ona Kan, S p e r a h
Gereh, Guldar, and Abdur Rahman.
KHUSH GUMEAZ 4&*
34-25 70-31 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Kabul r i ve r , 2
1/4 miles e a s t o f Jal al abad. I t c ont a i ns 50 f ami l i es of Taj i ks,
pos s e s s i ng (in 1904) a bout 120 head of c a t t l e . The annual pr oduc -
tion of wheat and bar l ey a v e r a g e s a bout 2,700 I ndi an maunds. Fo d d e r
f or about 1, 500 ani mal s f o r one da y is pr ocur abl e. A l l t h e vi l l a ge
l ands a r e s t a t e pr ope r t y. (Wanl i ss, Johnst on. )
KHUSH I ~r
33-59 69-12. Khus hi is t h e name of an al aqadar i i n Logar pr ovi nce.
The al aqadar i c ompr i s e s an a r e a o f 477 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s and h a s an
agr i cul t ur al popul at i on whi ch ha s be e n e s t i ma t e d a t from 6, 904 t o
11,491. The al aqadar i is bounded in t h e w e s t and s o u t h by Pul-i-
Alam, in t h e nor t h by Muhammad Agha, i n t h e e a s t by Azro, and in t h e
s out he a s t by Sayyi d Karam. Khus hi i n c l u d e s some 15 vi l l a ge s o f
which f i v e have more t ha n 500 i nha bi t a nt s . The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d
i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows : Payan Deh, Miyana Deh, Bala Deh, Qarya-i-
Dubandi , Gand o, Dar k h , Kar ez- i - Gul Muhd. Khel, Karez-i-Mochan,
Karez-i-Sultan Khel, Barg wa Gazi, Mani, Karez-i-Darya Khan, Karez-
i-Fateh Khel, Ak hund ~hel - i - Dubandi , Sarag hundi , Lot ak, Chenar i ,
Barim, Lanai, and Abt ak.
KHUSHK
..I.,
33-36 68-25 m. A l a r g e f o r t 3 miles nor t h of Ghazni , wi t h h i g h
wal l s, but a ppa r e nt l y no t owe r s . I t c ont a i ns 300 h o u s e s o f ~ a j i k s
and Hazaras. (Muhammad Akbar Khan.)
&
KHUSHKAK
34-46 67-49 G. A vi l l a ge in t h e Sai adabad Tagao i n t h e h mi a n
di s t r i ct . Anot her pl ace wi t h t h i s name is 2 m i l e s nor t h o f Gi ru, a t
34-30 67-24 m. (LWA)
KHUSH~K
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge in t h e Sur kha b di vi s i on o f t h e Jal al abad di s -
t r i ct . I nhabi t ant s: Taj i ks. ( Jen kyns. )
34-46 68-2.
A kot a l l e a di ng over a s p u r o f t h e oh-i-Baba, c r o s s e d
by a road a l t e r na t i ve t o t h e main r o u t e from t h e hib bar p a s s t o
Bamian via Bulola. Appr oachi ng from t h e s o u t h we s t , t h e r oad l e a ve s
t h e Irak val l ey 3/4 miles above t h e j unct i on of t h e Dara Jandargal,
and a s c e n d s a small nala. The gr a di e nt of t h i s nala is gent l e;
but
it is t oo narrow f o r guns. I t coul d be eas i l y wi dened, and t he road
up it is o t h e r wi s e good.
A t 1 3/4 miles ( mi l eage from t h e mouth of Dara Jandar gal ) t he road
l e a ve s t h e nala, and a s c e n d s t h e open hi l l s i de t o t h e Irak Kotal,
t h e t o p of whi ch is r e a c he d a t 3r d mi l e . The f i r s t mile of t hi s
a s c e n t is a ge nt l e s l o p e e a s y f o r guns , and a road is good; but the
l a s t qua r t e r m i l e be f or e t h e t o p of t h e kot al is r eached is very
s t e e p and i mpr act i cabl e f o r g u n s e i t h e r up or down, wi t hout hand-
l i ng, his kot al must not be c onf us e d wi t h t h a t of t h e same name
l eadi ng over t h e main r a nge of t h e Koh-i-Baba.)
Foot of a s c e nt t o I r a k Kot al 9,143 Feet
Top of I r ak Kot al 9,473
From t h e kotal an easy des cent l eads i nt o t h e Khushkak Dara reached
a t 4t h mi l e . The f i r s t 3/4 m i l e of t h i s d e s c e n t is over an open
upl and d a s h t . The l a s t qua r t e r of a m i l e is s t e e p e r ; but t her e i s a
good r oad, e a s y f o r guns al l t h e way.
The r e i s a pat h down t h e Khushkak dar a t o Kala Bulola on t he main
r oad, but it is pr obabl y bad, a s t h e l ower pa r t of t h e gl en is very
narrow and rocky.
Cr os s i ng t h e Dara Khushkak, an eas y a s c e n t of 3/4 m i l e l eads t o t he
Khush kak Kotal. The gr a di e nt is e a s y f o r guns; but a few st ones in
its l ower qua r t e r m i l e would r e qui r e t o be removed. The Khushkak
Dara wher e c r o s s e d is 60 ya r ds wi de, but wi dens out t o 200 yards a
qua r t e r m i l e l ower down a t Kala Khushkak (8, 923 f eet . )
The r e is no st r eam, and wat er is c onduc t e d in a jui t o Kala Khushkak
from t h e Jol ah st r eam over t h e Khushkak Kotal.
A t 4 3/4 miles t h e d e s c e n t from Khushkak Kotal i nt o t h e Dara Jolah
commences. I t i s 1 3/4 m i l e s l ong in al l , and is a good easy road
f o r bag g a g e animals, but would r e qui r e cons i der abl e improvement f or
guns over t h e f i r s t qua r t e r m i l e , wher e it i s much broken by nabst
and a l s o over t h e l a s t qua r t e r mi l e . I t s gener al char act er i s a
s uc c e s s i on of d e s c e n t s and a s c e n t s a s it wi nds down projecting
unde r - f e a t ur e s of t h e hi l l s i de s . Soi l , a l i g h t clay. Fall est i -
mated a t 800 t o 1, 000 f e e t . (Peacocke. )
KHUSHKAK
&
34-28 68-36 m. A vi l l age on t h e Maidan r i ver , about 2 miles west of
Jal i z i n Maidan pr ovi nce. Anot her pl ace wi t h t h i s name is located
nor t h of Pashman and e a s t of Haji Paik in Kabul provi nce, at 34-31
*KHUSHK DARA
4, Au
34- 51 67- 35 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d s o u t h o f t h e Mian and-i-
Khushkdara, some 15 miles west of Bamian.
KHUSHKI See KUSHI
KHUSHKIN (A)&*
34-39 69-4 m. A haml et in t h e Koh Daman d i s t r i c t , nor t hwest of
Kabul , a nd 2 miles n o r t h e a s t o f ~ a r e r - i - ~ i r .
Cont a i ns only 10
houses. (Kincloc h.) Recent maps show t h e spelling ~ o c h kin. (LWA)
KHUSHK KHAK
A pl ace l eadi ng from t h e Logar val l ey i nt o Maidan, bet ween t he Tai
~ a i mu r and t h e - ~ b d a r a pa s s e s . (Bishop.)
*KHUSHKOL &a
34-3 68-12 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d e a s t o f P a n j p i t a o i n n o r t h e r n
Ghazni pr ovi nce. Anot her vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d on t h e
Helmand a t t h e c onf l ue nc e of t h e Qal-i-Qaitamun i n Bamian pr ovi nc e ,
a t 34-11 67-18 m. (LWA)
*KHUSHKNAW
*&
34-51 68-12 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d some 4 miles s o u t h e a s t o f Shi bar
on a t r i but ar y of t h e G hor band.
*KHUSHMAND A+
33-35 69-44 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d some 4 miles nor t h of Zur kot
woleswali s e a t .
KHUSHNAO TAGAO See SURKH
r c +&P
KHUSHRUD See Mi l i t ary Report o n t he Hazarajat , Part I I . -'BY+
*KHUT KANDI
J&
32-22 68-18 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e r oad from Wazakhwa t o
Khoshamand in Ghazni pr ovi nce.
KHWAJA
A small s e c t i on of t h e Muhammad Khwa j a Hazar as.
*KHWAJA AHMAD
A' *'+
34-5 68-28 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d e a s t of t h e Bolibum Ghar and 1 m i l e
nort h of Zur in Maidan pr ovi nce.
KHWAJA AHMAD KOHI
A l ocal name f or t he Koh-i-Kirghui.
KHWAJA ALI
A subsect i on of t h e Dai Khi t a i Hazar as.
'KHWAJA ALI & crl+
34-46 68-31 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e ~ar a- i - Tur kar gan near Qumri
i n Parwan pr ovi nce.
KHWAJA ANGUR -\,A
A l a r ge vi l l age in t h e e a s t of Kharwar. 100 h o u s e s i n ~ h ma d z a i
G hi ha i s . ( Gr i esbach .)
KHWAJA ANGUR
33-42 69-2 m. El evat i on 8, 810 f e e t . A p a s s over t h e h i l l s nor t h-
eas t of Kharwar. It h a s t wo br anches . The we s t e r n one is a p a t h
f i t only f or s h e e p or goa t s . The main e a s t e r n t r a c k l e a d s i nt o t h e
upper Altimur val l ey. Thi s r oad is e a s i l y pa s s a bl e f o r h o r s e s and
ba gga ge ani mal s . he p a s s is a l s o known a s t h e ~ l t i m u r .
(Griesbach. ) The r e is a l s o a st r eam wi t h t h i s name l oc a t e d a bout 12
miles s o u t h e a s t of Juz Khel in Logar pr ovi nce.
KHWAJA BUGHRA *A *'+
34-34 69-12. A smal l vi l l age in Kabul d i s t r i c t , on t h e nor t he r n
Shore of t h e Wazirabad l a k e and about 3 m i l e s s o u t h we s t of t h e
Paiminar pas s . The i nha bi t a nt s a t e Taj i ks and Hazaras. (X-BOC*)
K H W ~ ~ ~ BULGHAR ,+'+
33-32 68-28. A hi l l 4 m i l e s l ong and of i nc ons i de r a bl e h e i g h t ,
s o u t h of Ghazni. I t s nor t he r n s l o p e s r un down t o t h e city. NO
cul t i vat i on or wat er on t h e hi l l s. (Hast i ngs. )
KHWAJA CHISHT el+
34-39 69-14 m. A vi l l age 10 m i l e s n o r t h e a s t of t h e c i t y of Kabul.
I nhabi t ant s: Taj i ks, G hi l zai s , and Hazaras. (I.B.C.)
KHWAJA DAD J! J +',A
A s e c t i on of t he Takana Hazaras. See "Bamian ( Di s t r i c t ) ."
KHWAJA DEH 4 J *I+
35-15 69-27 m. A vi l l age i n t h e u p p e r Panj shi r gl en, between
Bazarak and Anaba. I t ha s 30 hous e s of Taj i ks. Ther e are many
o r c h a r d s about , but open f i e l d s i n pl a c e s would allow of troops
encampi ng. Suppl i e s f o r 2 bat t al i ons and 1 caval ry regi ment f or 4
or 5 da ys coul d be c ol l e c t e d from t h e i mmedi at e nei ghbour hood.
The
Arzu Kotal road i n t o Andarab br a nc he s o f f h e r e from t h e main Kabul-
Khanabad road. I t i s de s c r i be d a s a mere f oot - pat h, impracticable
f o r h o r s e s , t h o u g h pos s i bl y a horseman mi ght g e t over it by leading
h i s animal. The hi l l s on bot h s i d e s of t h e road a r e bare of t rees
and bus he s , b u t a r e c ove r e d wi t h g r a s s in s pr i ng and summer.
( Shahzada Taimus.)
KHWAJA GARH c . *I+
A vi l l age bet ween Kabul and Farajg han, 18 miles from t h e l at t er,
( St ewar t . )
KHWAJA GHAR i LLJ+
34- 67-. El e va t i on 9, 742 f e e t . A ha ml e t i n t h e nor t h of t he
Bamian d i s t r i c t , s i t ua t e d a t t h e head of t h e Zarsang glen, and
pa s s e d on t h e road l eadi ng from Jalmish via Khwaja Kashmir t o Daob-
i-Mekhzari. The r e i s a t r a c k s out h t o Chankak and Bamian, only
pas s abl e f o r men on f oot . I t d e s c e n d s t o t h e Bamian valley by a
r avi ne cal l ed Khwaja Ghar, not f a r e a s t o f Kala Sarkari and t he
i dol s . (A.B.C.) A mountain wi t h t h i s name is l ocat ed a t 34-55 67-
56 m. ( LWA)
*KHWAJAGI AN J5 4,'
34-45 69-7 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on t h e road from Kabul t o ~ha r i ka r ,
about 3 m i l e s s out h of Kalakan.
*KHWAJA HASAN L L ' ~
34-47 67-35 m. A vi l l age on t h e Dara-i-Darwaza, about 2 miles south
of Ambar Samuch in Bamian pr ovi nce.
KHWAJA HILAL J% L*'+
A peak on t h e r a nge bet ween t h e r i ve r of Ghazni and t ha t of Katawaz-
( Br oadf oot .)
KWA J A JAMA
r L +!+
A Sect i on of the Khatai Hazaras of t h e Bamian di s t r i c t . (A.B.C.)
KHWAJA KASHMIR See ZARSAX
35-7 67-56 G. A w e l l l oc a t e d about 2 2 miles s out he a s t of
on t h e hi gh way t o ~ a b u f .
KHWAJA KHEDERE See KHWAJA KHIDAR
*KHWAJA KHEL & el+
34-54 69-9 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e r oad from Kabul t o Char i kar ,
about 8 miles s o u t h of Char i kar .
KHWAJA KHEL LIP el*
A vi l l age i n t h e Gandamak val l ey, Jal al abad d i s t r i c t , c ont a i ni ng,
with t h e t wo o t h e r vi l l a ge s of Ahmad Khel and Pi r a Khel , 1, 000
houses of Wazir Khugi ani s. (McGregor. )
KHWAJA KHEL b +I+
33- 68-. A vi l l a ge in Kharwar, cont ai ni ng 55 h o u s e s o f Ghi l zai s.
(Gr i esbach. )
KHWAJA KHIDAR J&.c\+
A vi l l age - 40 miles from Kabul and 83 m i l e s from Far aj ghan, on t h e
~ a n j s h i r r i ve r , c o n s i s t i n g o f 60 h o u s e s o f Taj i ks. (Leech. )
N.B. See n e x t a r t i c l e . A vi l l a ge cal l ed Khwaja Khadi r is l oc a t e d
a t 33-4 66-11 A. (LWA)
KHWAJA KHI DAR J *! , A
35-2 69-16. A s m a l l d i s t r i c t near t h e j unct i on of t h e Panj s hi r and
Ghorband s t r eams , s ai d t o be i nha bi t e d by 1, 000 Tajik f ami l i es. The
names of t h e vi l l a ge s ar e:
Toghchi Er chi , Kala Bi l and, J ams hed Khel Turkoman, Khan Kadam,
Shahgag, Kala-i-G hulam Al i , Maiogor, Lag hmani Kohna, Kala-i-Gulai,
Bakshi Khel, Mushum Khel , Kata-Khel, and Uaodeh. ( Sha hs a da Taimus.)
KHWAJA KUSHKAR ,b el+
34-42 69-19. A vi l l a ge c l o s e t o Aodara, 12 miles n o r t h e a s t of
Kabul. (I.B.C.)
*KHWAJA KUT 4 +I+
33-21 69-31 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e Sa i dkhe l o Lgad, on t h e r oad
from Khost t o Gar dez i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
KHWAJA MIRI
A s ect i on of t he Jaghat u Hazaras.
KHWAJA MUHAMMAD See MANDRAWAR
h e l +
KHWAJA MULLA k
34- 69-. A vi l l age i n t h e Kabul d i s t r i c t , on t h e l e f t bank of t h e
r i ver , bet ween Deh-i-Murad Khan and Guzar gah. About 35 h o u s e s o f
Taj i ks. (I.B.c.)
*KHWAJANUR z I ARAT . ~ , b J+ e l +
33-13 68-27 m. A zi ar at l oc a t e d on t h e s o u t h e r n ba nks o f t h e Sa r de h
Rud and sout h of Ghazni in Ghazni province.
KHWAJA OMARI ~ r . 4+
33-41 68-24. Khwaja Omari is an al aqadar i i n Ghazni pr ovi nce. The
al aqadari c ompr i s e s an a r e a o f 174 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s and h a s an
agr i cul t ur al popul at i on whi ch ha s been e s t i ma t e d a t f ~ o m 4, 580 t o
9, 456. The al aqadar i is bounded in t h e west by J a gha t u, i n t h e
nort h by J a gha t u and Sayyi dabad, in t h e e a s t by Zena Khan, and i n
t h e Sout h by Ghazni and Jaghat u. Khawa Omari ha s a bout 35 vi l l ages ,
Of whi ch 10 have more t ha n 500 i nha bi t a nt s . The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d
i n t h e PG a s f o l l o ws : Aqa s i , Bi ni Sa n g , Pya Dar ah, Taqa Doz,
Torami, Ch a h a r Bur j a, Ch e h i l Gunba d, ~ e h ~ a j i , Deh Dar az ( Deh
Darad), Deh Hamzah (Deh Zamta), Deh Dawlat, D a l Qul i (Deh Qul i ) , Deb
Ni yal ( D e h N e ha l ) , Bara k a t , Al i abad- i - Sayyedan, Qala-i-Nau (Nau
Balls), Kare z, Karez-i-Aliabad, Gand 01-i-Qandahari, Kad wal-i-Khalifa
~ b d u l , Mar Qol , Nawah Gak (Nawah gai ) , Nau Burja-i-Sayedan, Gadol-i-
Tamai, Gadol - i - Tor as , Qar ya- i - Abdul Sal am, Qal a- i - Dost Mohamad,
Qal a-i -Mul l ayan, Qal a-i -Nau-i -Khwaj a Omari , Pa-ye Mast A l i , Taqa
DOZ- i - Hazar ah, Bar at - i - Bar akat , Qal a- i - Nawi l a, Deh Bar akat i , and
Qal a-i -Nuri .
*KHWAJAR P'+
32-18 68-9 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a t t h e Shi nka i Ghar, s out heas t of
Mal ekdi n i n s o u t h e r n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
*KHWAJA WHIM DASHT G d rcVI+l+
33-20 69-45 m. A d a s h t l oc a t e d nor t h of Shamal Kh war and nort heast
o f Nadi r s hah k o t i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
KHWAJA RAWASH G'U LL'+
34-33 69-13 m. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Kabul d i s t r i c t , 2 miles nor t heast
of She r pur . it ha s a h i g h t owe r , whi c h can be s e e n from a great
d i s t a n c e , and a canal from t h e Kabul r i ve r r u n s c l o s e by it: The
l and s ur r oundi ng t h e vi l l a ge is ve r y f e r t i l e . I nhabi t ant s: Tajiks.
Th e s i d e is on an a r t i f i c i a l mound. (Kennedy. )
*KHWAJA ROSHANI +N LL'+
34- 46 67- 42 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d on a t r i b u t a r y o f t h e Bamian
r i ve r , a bout 8 miles s o u t h we s t of Bamian.
KHWAJA SARA1 d l , ~ l y b
34- 68-. A ha l t i ng pl a c e on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Kabul river,
a bout 1 m i l e n o r t h o f Durani Kala.
KHWAJA SARAN "'/- el+
A v i l l a g e i n t h e Koh Daman; 50 houses. ( Ki nl och. )
KHWAJA SHAWAB +I+ 4,'
A v i l l a g e i n t h e Koh Daman; 40 houses. ( Ki nl och. )
KHWAJA SIAHRAN ULIA
*& cil~\r u'+
35-1 69-4 m. A vi l l a ge near Char i kar , cont ai ni ng 300 families of
Ta j i k s . Khwaj a S i a h r a n S u f l a c o n t a i n s 250 h o u s e s of Taj i ks.
( Shah zada aimu us, from na t i ve i n ormation. )
KHWAKKHI See KUSHI
KHWARO KATS 6 ,,'*
32- 68-.
A ha l t i ng pl a c e on t h e Gumal r out e , c l o s e t o, and t o t he
e a s t Of, Kala Babakar Khel. ~t is p r e t t y open. Water and camel
f o r a g e pl e nt i f ul . (Broad f oot . )
KHWAZA I A\+
34- 70-.
A vi l l a ge in t h e Kama di vi s i on of t h e ~a l a l a ba d di s t r i ct ,
on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Kabul r i ve r ,
4 miles nor t hwe s t of Ambar
Khana. I nhabi t ant s : Mohmand s. ( Jenkyns. ) A f o r t wi t h t h i s name
is nor t h w e s t of Sha kut , a t 34-20 70-48 m. (LWA)
JJ; \ , &
KHWAZA KHEL
-- - -
34- 70-.
A v i l l a g e i n t h e ~ h u g i a n i d i v i s i o n o f t h e ~a l a l a b a d
d i s t r i c t . a bout 12 miles s o u t h e a s t of ~ i ~ l ~ . inhabitants: wazi r
Khugi ani s. ( Jenkyns. )
KHWAZI KHEL LIP &'F
34- 70-. A v i l l a g e i n t h e Khugi a ni d i v i s i o n of t h e J al al abad
d i s t r i c t . I t is s i t u a t e d a b o u t 3 miles s o u t h e a s t o f Gandamak.
Inhabi t ant s: Kharbun Khug i ani s. (Jen kyns.) A pl ace cal l ed Kh wazi
is l ocat ed a t 34-21 70-47 m. (LWA)
K I AGH &@
33- 68-. A gl en dr ai ni ng e a s t of t h e Ghazni plain, and occupi ed by
Jaghatu Hazaras. (See Military Repor t on ~ a z a r a j a t , Par t 11.)
*KILAGHU f i
34-15 70-9 m. A vi l l age near Mankai, about 20 m i l e s s o u t h we s t of
~al al abad. Anot her vi l l i ge wi t h t h i s name is l ocat ed a t 33-20 68-47
KILDEH
ld
A par t of t h e Arghandab valley. ( See Mlitary Repor t on ~ a z a r a j a t ,
Par t 11.)
KILIGAN Or KELIKAN
34-52 66-41 m. A c ol l e c t i on of haml et s i n t h e Yak Walang d i s t r i c t
si t uat ed about o p p o s i t e t h e poi nt wher e t h e uni t ed Sachak and Sabz
Daras debouch i nt o t h e Rud-i-Band-i-~mir t hr ough t h e Dahan-i-Guli.
They cont ai n about 30 f ami l i es of Khan-i-Aba Hazaras. The r e is a
s m a l l f o r t on t h e l e f t bank of t h e aha an-i-Guli wat er cour se, and a
number of caves used f o r s t or i ng gr a s s , cor n, etc., and a s cow-
houses. (Maitland .)
*KILOKAS crS4
34-16 69-41 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed on a t r i but ar y of t h e Sur khab,
about 2 miles s out h west of Karim Khel i n Nangarhar pr ovi nce.
KIMLUT 4
A sect i on of Jaghat u Hazaras, who number 400 f ami l i es and r e s i d e in
t h e Jirmatu Dara, and a t Momand and Sar-i-Bed.
KIMSAN Or KIMSUNG
Believed t o be a l o c a l i t y of u j a r i s t a n .
KIMSAN-I-AYA
A subsect i on of Dai Khi t ai Hazaras.
RIMSAN-DANGULA
A subsect i on of t he Polada.
KINCHAK G
35-0 68-42 G. A vi l l age in t h e Ghorband val l ey, near t h e mine of
Fari nj al . A t t h e back o f t h e v i l l a g e is a hi l l , f f om whi c h
antimony is pr ocur ed in abundance. (Lord .)
K I PAK &
34- 69-. A v i l l a g e 4 miles n o r t h we s t o f Kabul, b e t we e n t h e
Khirskhana and Nanachi Kotals. Thr ough t h e vi l l age r uns t h e road
from Kabul t o ~ a r e z - i - ~ i r in t h e Koh Daman. I nhabi t ant s: ~ a j i k s .
(Masson, I.B.c.)
*KIRALA .J'J
34-53 71-9 m. A vi l l age on t h e Kunar r i ver , near Asadabad in Kunar
Province .
CKIRASU
P'S
34-29 69-44 m.
A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d some 10 m i l e s s out h of Sarobi in
Kabul pr ovi nce.
K I RGHU
$3
34-29 68-15 m. A vi l l age and t h r e e f o r t s i n t h e count r y of the
Besud Hazaras, s o u t h o f Kharzar. (Masson.) The vi l l age is located
a t t h e s out he r n bank of t h e Helmand, one m i l e from Qash in aida an
pr ovi nce. (LWA)
KIRGHUI KOH-I
An of f s hoot of t he Sangakh range.
K I RMAN &s
The name a ppl i e d t o t h e u p p e r La 1 valley.
Ther e is al so a village
wi t h t h i s name, l oc a t e d s o u t h e a s t o f Lal, a t 34-28
66-29 G. ( LWA)
KIRPITAO See PARIAN IW
K I RZA
A v i l l a g e i n t he J a l a l a ba d d i s t r i c t . (MacGregor .) '$
*KISAR DAKA 6 J$
34-44 70-25 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a t r i but ar y of t h e Alingar,
some 4 miles s o u t h e a s t of Aram Khel i n Laghman pr ovi nce.
KISHAI du
A st r eam j oi ni ng t h e Helmand from t h e w e s t a t Chahar Shinia. It
f l ows t h r o u g h Af g han t e r r i t or y. (Peart.)
KISHAN dkf
34-10 69-5. A vi l l age i n t h e val l ey of t h e l ower Logar, i.e., in
t h e di vi s i on nor t h of t h e Tangi-Waghjan. I t s t a nds on t h e r i ght
bank of t h e Logar r i ver , and i n 1880 it cont ai ned 30 families, all
Hazaras. ( Cl i f f or d, Euan Smith.)
KISHANI j L;S
A c l u s t e r of vi l l ages , 117 m i l e s from Ghazni , and 178 from Quetta,
bel ongi ng t o Hotak G hi l zai s. (Campbell.)
KISMISHABAD See MANDRAWAR
J&T +5
KITTI See DAIKUNDI
33-33 65-42 A. A vi l l age i n Nur i st an, 2 miles nor t h of ~r a mt e l -
d
*KIZHAKAI $$
33-33 69-33 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d in t h e Musakhel area, east of
Gar dez i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
KIZIL &
34-28 66-1 m. A vi l l age i n t h e nor t hwe s t of t h e Dai Zangi Hazara
count r y, pa s s e d on t h e main Kabul-Hazarajat-Daulat Yar road.
K I Z I LBASH
V . 4s
A Mu9 ha1 Per si an t r i b e s e t t l e d in d i f f e r e n t pa r t s of Afghanistan,
and e s pe c i a l l y in Kabul and its nei ghbour hood.
When Nadir Shah marched f o r I ndi a in 1738, h e l e f t a t ~ a b u l a
"chandawd, " or r e a r guar d, o f t h i s t r i be, whose name is derived
from the r e d c a p s t h e y onc e wore, i.e., ki zi l bash. After t h e deat h
of Nadir Shah t h e y remained a t Kabul as a mi l i t ary col ony, and t hei r
de s c e nda nt s still oc c upy a d i s t i n c t q u a r t e r of t h e c i t y, whi c h is
called Chandawal. They hol d t h e i r gr ound i n Af gha ni s t a n a s a di s -
t i nc t Per si an communi t y o f t h e Shi a pe r s ua s i on a g a i n s t t h e na t i ve
Sunni popul at i on. They c o n s t i t u t e a n i mp o r t a n t e l e me n t i n t h e
gener al popul at i on o f t h e c a pi t a l , and e x e r c i s e a c ons i de r a bl e in-
f l uence i n l ocal pol i t i c s . Owing t o t h e i r i s ol a t e d pos i t i on and
ant agoni sm t o t h e Af gha ns , t h e y a r e f avour abl y i ncl i ned t o t h e
British. Indeed t h e over t ur e which Burnes r e por t s t o have been made
t o him by Naib Muhammad Sha r i f s h o ws t h i s . H e s a y s t h a t " t h e Kizil-
bashi s were t h e n da nge r ous l y pl a c e d, a s t h e i r qua r t e r , t h e Chanda-
wal, being completely commanded, t he y could easi l y be overpowered by
an i nf ur i at ed popul at i on; b u t i f a p i e c e o f gr ound coul d b e g o t f o r
them a t a di s t a nc e , t h e y would bui l d a f o r t on it b r i d l e t h e r ul e r
whoever h e mi ght be and pr ove of emi nent s e r v i c e t o any powe r who
mi ght pur c ha s e t h e i r good of f i c e s . Tha t b e s i d e s t h e i r own mi l i t ar y
s t r e ngt h, whi ch amount ed t o 5, 000 caval r y, t h e y coul d r e c k o n on t h e
aid of t h e Hazaras, who were a l s o Shi as , and t h e Ghi l zai s, who were
deci dedl y i ni mi cal t o t h e Duranis."
During t h e ~ r i t i s h oc c upa t i on of Sh e r p u r i n 1879-80, t h e ki z i l ba s hi s
were, a s a r ul e , f r i e ndl y, and i n December 1879, when Si r Fr e d e r i c k
Robert s' f o r c e was b e s i e g e d i n She r pur , t h e Ki zi l bash q u a r t e r i n
Kabul was i n l i k e manner be l e a gue r e d, b u t t h e i nha bi t a nt s were a bl e
t o ke e p o f f t h e i r a s s a i l a nt s , and were ampl y pr ovi s i one d, a s it is
t h e t r adi t i onal cus t om of e v e r y Ki zi l bash fami l y, howe ve r poor , i n
Chandawal, t o keep one year' s s uppl y of food in hand.
When t h e i r mi l i t ar y empl oyment c e a s e d , many of t h e Ki zi l bas hes we r e
f or ced t o s e e k empl oyment a s s e c r e t a r i e s , s t e wa r d s , etc., a l t h o u g h a
port i on of t hem have al ways r emai ned i n t h e s e r v i c e of t h e Ami r .
Their mi l i t ary i nf l ue nc e havi ng t h u s de c l i ne d, t h e y have t ur ne d
t hei r a t t e nt i on t o a ddi ng t o t h e i r s t r e n g t h by i nt r i gue , and t h e r e
is no doubt t h a t t h e i r power i n t h i s way h a s c o n s e q u e n t l y i nc r e a s e d
r at her t han di mi ni s he d, f o r e ve r y Af ghan of r ank ha s Ki zi l bas hi s a s
hi s s e c r e t a r i e s , and t h u s , all t h e home and f o r e i g n c o r r e s p o n d e n c e
being in t h e i r ha nds , t h e i r i n f l u e n c e ha s o p p o r t u n i t i e s o f s p r e a d i n g
in ever y di r e c t i on. Dost Muhammad, from h i s mot her bei ng of t h i s
t r i be , was a t f i r s t i n c l i n e d t o c o q u e t f o r t h e i r s u p p o r t ; b u t
f i ndi ng t h a t it would have made him e x c e e d i n g l y unpopul ar , h e ne ve r
gave hi msel f much i n t o t h e i r hands .
The f ol l owi ng is a list f o t h e di vi s i ons o f t h e t r i be , in t h e o r d e r
of t he i r r e l a t i ve i mpor t ance:
1. Jawansher 8. Shah Mansur
2. Shah Sarnand 9. Kurd
3. Aoshar 10. Khafi
4. Kuchari 11. Jami
5. Nabari 12. Shi r a z i
6. Kabari 13. Kinnani
7. Si ah Mansur 14. Arab
15. Ba i a t
Of t h e above, Nos. 1,2,3,4,5,6,8 and 9 were or i gi nal l y Tur ki s h;
Nos* 7r10,11,12,13, and 1 5 were Per si an; No. 14 was Arab. The
d i f f e r e n t r a c e s h a v e now b e e n t h o r o u g h l y mi xe d by f r e e
i nt ermarri age, and t h e d i s t i n c t i o n s a r e t h o s e of name onl y, a l t h o u g h
each s ubdi vi s i on ha s its own he r e di t a r y c h i e f , and a t Chandawal
Only, its par t i cul ar qua r t e r .
The Kuchari s e c t i o n was or i gi nal l y Sunni , but became Shi a on ar r i val
at Kabul. In t h e f o r t and vi l l age of Murad Khani (On t h e l e f t bank
t h e Kabul r i ve r , o p p o s i t e t h e c i t y) t h e popul at i on is e nt i r e l y
Kizilbash of t h e Kirmani, Aoshar, and Jami s e c t i ons , and t h i s f a c t
has l ed some wr i t e r s e r r one ous l y t o s u p p o s e t h a t t h e name Murad
Khani is a ppl i e d t o a di vi s i on o f t h e t r i b e i t s e l f .
I n a ppe a r a nc e t h e Ki zi l bash is r emar kabl y handsome, wi t h a fair
compl exi ona and vi vaci ous manner s.
H e is manly, of a har dy frame,
and p o s s e s s e s many mar t i al qua l i t i e s . The bul k of t h e Afghan
c a v a l r y a nd a r t i l l e r y is Ki l ba s h, a n d me mbe r s o f t h e t r i b e are
f r e q u e n t l y t o b e f ound i n r e gi me nt s o f Bengal and Punjab cavalry,
wh e r e t h e y h a v e t h e c h a r a c t e r o f b e i n g s ma r t a nd i nt e l l i ge nt
s o l d i e r s , and e x c e l l e n t hor semen.
T h e ~ u r k i l a n g u a g e h a s n e a r l y d i s a p p e a r e d f r om a mongs t t he
~ i z i l b a s h i s of Af gha ni s t a n, and Per s i an ha s t a ke n its place. The
vi l l a ge o f Aoshar , i n t h e Kabul d i s t r i c t , is an e xc e pt i on t o t hi s
s t a t e me nt ; t h e r e t h e l a ngua ge s p o k e n is e xc l us i ve l y Turki , although
o f c o u r s e t h e i n h a b i t a n t s u n d e r s t a n d P e r s i a n a s well.
( ~ l p h i n s t o n e , Bur nes, Bel l ew, I.B.C.)
KIZILBASH KALA
"Ji $9
34- 68-. A f o r t i f i e d haml et i n t h e u p p e r Helmand valley.
KI Z I LBASH KALA
di j wj i
34-28 68-36 G. A vi l l a ge on t h e main Kabul-Herat r oad, about 2
m i l e s west of J al r ez. The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Taj i ks. (Wanliss.)
KOCHI d
34- 67-. A vi l l a ge i n the J a j i c ount r y, c o n s i s t i n g of 3 f or t s , 150
hous e s , wi t h numer ous ga r de ns . I t can t ur nout 400 f i ght i ng men.
(Agha Abbas.) A vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is n o r t h of t h e Koh-i-Baba,
a t 34-36 67-1 m.
KOCHINAK See KARA KHAWAL &S
KOHBAND 4
35- 3 69- 29. Kohband is a n a l a q a d a r i i n Par wan pr ovi nc e . The
Al aqadar i c ompr i s e s an a r e a o f 1 9 3 s q u a r e ki l omet er s and has an
a gr i c ul t ur a l popul a t i on t h a t h a s be e n e s t i ma t e d a t from 5,225 to
6,658. Kohband i n c l u d e s a bout 32 vi l l a ge s , of whi ch 3 have more
t h a n 500 i nha bi t a nt s . The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s follows:
Gaya wa-i-Ulya, Gaya wa-i-Suf l a, Durnama, Male kagar , Turbat, Khum,
Shi r a m ( S h i r i n Kh e l ) , Muqam Khe l , Shamadad Khel , Rahmat Khel,
Kotali, Malang Khel, Shawaq, Shuf a c hi , Cha p Dara, Manawar Khel, Arab
Khel, Fat eh Khel, J a r o Khel, Haji k h e l , Zar ghonat , Aram Kot, Qala-1-
Mirza Mir, Qala-i-Ata Khan, Kolalan Arab Khel, Ghai r at Khel (Ghair
Khel ) , Sul t an Khel, Naur uzkhel , and Jan Khan Khel.
KOH DAMAN *'a$
35-0 69-15. The d i s t r i c t of Koh Daman is about 30 mfl es i n l engt h,
and va r i e s f r om 4 t o 1 2 i n br e a dt h. ~t e x t e n d s al ong t h e f oot of
t h e Paghman r a nge , whi ch f or ms its we s t e r n boundar y. I t s sout hern
l i m i t is a l ow r a nge j ut t i ng o u t near l y a t r i g h t a ngl e s from t he
Paghman range, and separ at i ng t h e oh Daman
from t h e char deh valley.
On t h e e a s t it is bounded by a r a nge s e pa r a t i ng t h e Koh Daman from
t h e Cha r de h val l ey. On t h e e a s t it is bounded by a r ange separat i ng
it form t h e Sa f i count r y. TO t h e n o r t h oh Daman mer ges into
Kohl st an s ome whe r e i n t h e vi c i ni t y of Tutamdara. The aver age eleva-
t i on of t h e daman p r o p e r may be e s t i ma t e d a t a bout 5,000 f e e t .
The s o u t h e r n p a r t of t h e d i s t r i c t , e n t e r e d a t about Kala Sayyid
Mirza, was s e v e r a l t i m e s t r a v e r s e d by our t r o o p s i n 1879-80, but t he
e x i s t e n c e o f t h e g r e a t pl ai n o f t h e n o r t h e r n Koh Daman Seems t o have
been ha r dl y r e c ogni z e d. Even wi t h r e ga r d t o t h i s comparativ@lY
s m a l l s o u t h e r n e nd, t h e i nf or mat i on on r e c or d d o e s not seem t o be
ve r y c ompl e t e or s a t i s f a c t o r y .
East war d from Tut amdara t h e whol e c ount r y is l i k e a g a r d e n It is
all or c ha r ds and f i e l d s , wi t h s c a t t e r e d f r u i t trees, i n t e r s p e r c e d
wi t h nume r ous v i l l a g e s a nd h a ml e t s . I n f a c t , it r e s e mb l e s t h e
subur bs of one of t h e l a r g e r t o wn s of Af ghani s t an. The c ount r y
her eabout s is t r a ve r s e d by many i r r i ga t i on canal s and t h e i r b r a n c h e s
and would be d i f f i c u l t f o r t h e movement o f t r o o p s . The r e is an
i r r i gat i on canal on t h e l e f t o f t h e r oad a l l t h e way from Tut amdara
t o char i kar , somet i mes c l os e , and somet i mes a s much a s 150 y a r d s
of f . I t is of var yi ng s i z e , a c c or di ng t o t h e di mens i ons of its
spoi l banks, but al ways i mpas s abl e f o r a r t i l l e r y wi t hout r ampi ng.
On t h e r i g h t of t h e r oad is t h e ope n, ge nt l y- s l opi ng daman of t h e
Paghman r ange. I t is a bout a m i l e wi de, gr a ve l l y or s t ony, wi t h no
l ar ge nalas. Tr oops of a l l ar ms coul d march ove r it on a wi de
f r ont . Ther e is some camel - t hor n on t h i s daman.
Tutamdara is a t t h e n o r t h we s t c or ne r of t h e Koh Daman. d he pl ai n
her e, a t its u p p e r e nd, is a t l e a s t 1 2 m i l e s a c r os s . I t d o e s n o t
t aper t o any g r e a t e x t e n t , b u t t h e c o r n e r s a r e r ounde d. The whol e
plain has an a s p e c t o f pecul i ar r i c h n e s s , pa r t l y d u e t o t h e n e a t n e s s
of t h e cul t i vat i on and number o f trees t h i c k l y s c a t t e r e d ove r it,
and par t l y no doubt t o t h e ba c kgr ound o f magni f i cent , t h o u g h bar e,
mountains. Maitland pa r t i c ul a r l y not i c e d t h a t no l and s eemed t o b e
lying f al l ow; a s f a r a s h e coul d make out , it was all act ual l y unde r
c ul t i va t i on.
The Ghorband r i ve r e n t e r s t h e Koh Daman a t its n o r t h we s t c or ne r ;
t ha t of Panj s hi r i s s u e s from a d e f i l e on t h e nor t h. Bet ween t hem,
but near er t o t h e Ghor band, and not more t ha n a c oupl e o f miles
nor t heas t from t h e Tut amdara vi l l a ge s , is t h e g a p o f t h e Parwan
Dara, t h r o u g h whi ch t h e Sal ang wat er e s c a p e s . The l a t e r s oon j oi ns
t h e Ghorband, b u t t h e Ghor band and Panj s hi r d o n o t uni t e f o r some 8
t o 10 miles a f t e r l eavi ng t h e hi l l s . The r ui ns of t h e a nc i e nt c i t y
of Bagram ( t h e Kabul of t h e s u c c e s s o r s of Al exander ?) , whe r e s o many
t hous ands o f c oi ns ha ve been f ound, is s i t u a t e d s ome whe r e a bout t h e
junction of t h e r i ve r s . The uni t e d r i ve r is known a s t h e Panj s hi r ,
and goe s away s o u t h e a s t a c r o s s t h e pl ai n t o a g r e a t g a p i n t h e
hills. Thence down a l ong val l ey, and f i nal l y t h r o u g h va r i ous
de f i l e s t o t h e Kabul r i ver . In 1886 t h e A mi r was s ai d t o be havi ng
a new road made al ong t h e l i n e of t h e Panj s hi r t o Jal al abad, whi ch
w i l l br i ng t h a t pl a c e i n t o d i r e c t ocmmuni cat i on wi t h Char i kar and
t h e uppe r Koh Darnan. Thi s r oad was r e c onnoi t r e d by e x p l o r e r s
s p e c i a l l y s e n t f r om I n d i a i n 1 9 8 7 a nd a g a i n i n 1906. I t is
probably a good camel-road .
On t h e west s i d e of t h e u p p e r Koh Daman t h e end of t h e Paghman
range is l ow, and can b e e a s i l y c r o s s e d by i nf a nt r y a t al most any
Point. Bet ween t h e f o o t of t h e r a nge and t h e c ul t i va t i on is an
open, ge nt l y s l opi ng daman al ong whi ch t h e I s t a l i f r oad r uns . I t is
a mile O r more wi de and on t h i s t r o o p s can advance on a br oad f r o n t
and manoeuvre wi t h f aci l i t y.
On t h e nor t h s i d e of t h e pl ai n a r e f l a t - t e r r a c e d undul at i ons r i s i ng
to t h e bas e of t h e hi l l s . They a r e e nt i r e l y c ul t i va t e d.
On t h e e a s t s i d e of t h e Koh Daman, above t h e c a p of t h e Panj s hi r
s e ve r a l l a r g e g l e n s ope n i nt o t h e plain. The r e seems t o be a
on t h a t s i d e al s o, wi t h some l a r ge vi l l a ge s , one of whi ch is
Bolaghain.
At Karabagh t h e Koh Daman pr ope r is onl y 7 o r 8 miles wi de, and it
narrows gr adual l y t o a bout 4 mi l es a t Shakar Dara. The e a s t e r n p a r t
Of it, whi ch was t r a ve r s e d by t h e Af ghan Boundary Commission in
1806, 18 a ve r y c l o s e count r y, wi t h numer ous vi l l a ge s and f o r t s
i mbedded in ma s s e s of o r c h a r d s and hi gh- wal l ed e nc l os ur e s . The
gener al s u r f a c e of t h e gr ound a p p e a r s t o b e undul at i ng, and in s u c h
Open s pa c e s a s exist, t h e f i e l d s a r e banked or t e r r a c e d, and r o a d s
s unk be ne a t h t h e ge ne r a l l evel . The we s t e r n hal f o f t h i s
t r a c t is compar at i vel y ope n, b u t n o t near l y s o much s o a s f ur t her
nor t h.
I t a p p e a r s t o b e undul a t i ng, wi t h a d e a l of cul t i vat i on, and
bi g vi l l a ge s a t t h e mout h o f e v e r y gl e n, t h e wa t e r c our s e s of which
may n o t b e ve r y e a s y t o c r o s s .
From t h e ba s e o f t h e Paghman r a nge much d e b r i s , spl i nt er ed rocky
f r a gme nt s , and heavy b o u l d e r s a r e st re wed over t h e plain, having
be e n l oos e ne d by t h e wi nt e r ' s f r o s t f r om t h e gr a ni t e peaks above,
The s i d e s o f t h e s e mount ai ns a r e s p l i t by numer ous r avi nes, down
whi c h come t umbl i ng rills of t h e p u r e s t wat er .
The s l o p e s of t hei r
r u g g e d c ha nne l s a r e t h i c k l y pl a nt e d wi t h t h e mul berry, and every
mode r a t e l y l e v e l s p o t is cl ad wi t h f r u i t trees or t h e vine.
~ c c o r d i n g t o ~ a i t l a n d , " t h e popul a t i on of t h e Koh Daman is said to
b e 200, 000 s o u l s , t ur ni ng o u t 50, 000 men. I t is pr obabl e t h a t fully
25, 000 men al l wi t h f i r e a r ms o f some s o r t mi g h t b e eas i l y col l ect ed,
and i n s o c l o s e a c ount r y t h e y would o f f e r c ons i de r a bl e r esi st ance
t o any t r o o p s maki ng war i n t h e mild f a s h i o n whi ch w e pr act i se, and
whi c h c o s t s u s s o many l i ves. " Molloy c omput e s t h e popul at i on at
20, 000 f ami l i es a t l e a s t , "of whi c h a bout 17, 000 a r e Taj i ks and t he
rest Ghi l zai s". The p r e s e n t Hakim is s ai d t o b e one Latif Khan, a
Muhammadzai o f Kandahar. The d i s t r i c t h a s not been disarmed l i ke
Kohi st an; b u t t h e c a r r yi ng o f ar ms is pr ohi bi t e d.
The g r e a t e r por t i on of t h e f r u i t b r o u g h t by t r a d e r s i nt o Upper India
is f r om t h e Koh Daman. Here a r e gr own g r a p e s of a dozen di f f er ent
ki nds , a p r i c o t s o f s i x s o r t s , mul be r r i e s o f a s many, be s i de s endl ess
v a r i e t i e s of a p p l e s , pe a r s , p e a c h e s , wal nut s, al monds qui nces , cher-
ries, and pl ums.
Mountain s t r e a ms p o u r i n g d o wn f r om I s t a l i f , Sh a k a r Dara, and
I s t a r g h i j u n i t e t h e i r wa t e r s i n t h e c e n t r e o f t h i s di s t r i c t , and
a f f o r d f a c i l i t i e s f o r i r r i ga t i on, whi c h, a s above ment i oned, have
been by no means negl ect ed.
Koh Daman is a f a vour i t e c ount r y r e s i d e n c e of t h e weal t hy inhabi-
t a n t s of Kabul, and is al mos t a s t h i c k l y s t u d d e d wi t h f o r t s a s with
ga r de ns . The y a r e s t r o n g l y bui l t , and a r e , i n f a c t , m i m i c represen-
t a t i o n s of t h e ol d bar oni al r e s i d e n c e s i n Eur ope.
Babar, when h e c onque r e d Af gha ni s t a n, l oc a t e d a number of his
count r ymen i n t h e Koh Daman, t h e d e s c e n d a n t s of whom a r e now among
t h e most p r o s p e r o u s i n t h e val l ey.
The f ol l owi ng is from a r e p o r t on t h e Koh Daman dr awn up i n 1800 by
Li eut enant - Col onel Ki nl och, Deput y As s i s t a nt quart ermast er-General ,
who, i n J ul y of t h a t year , accompani ed Si r Cha r l e s Gough' s brigade
dur i ng t h e t empor ar y oc c upa t i on of t h e d i s t r i c t :
General descr i pt i on. w ~ h e Koh Daman may be consi dered t h e garden of
Kabul, t h e g r e a t e r p a r t of t h e c ul t i va t e d l and bei ng t aken U P by
o r c h a r d s and vi neyar ds . Th e r e are t wo p r e t t y wel l - def i ned bel t s of
c ul t i va t i on, one e x t e n d i n g al ong t h e f o o t of t h e hi l l s , where t he
mout h o f e a c h val l ey is oc c upi e d by a l a r g e vi l l age, or town, sur-
r ounde d by e x t e n s i v e and wel l - wat er ed ga r de ns ; t h e ot he r whe r e
c o r n f i e l d s a l t e r n a t e wi t h vi ne ya r ds s t r e t c h i n g al ong t h e cent r e
t h e main val l ey on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Ak ~ a r a i r i ver . The vil-
l a g e s i n t h i s l owe r t r a c t a r e more s c a t t e r e d , and none of t hem are
of such s i z e and importance a s t hos e on t h e hi gher Slopes*
"Along t h e s k i r t s of t h e h i l l s t h e most i mpor t ant t owns a r e Ghazar
Sha ka r Dara, Bezat i , Kahdara ( i nc l udi ng Bedak and ~ e h - i - Na o ) ~
I a t a l i f , a n d I s t a r g hi j .
"In t h e l owe r val l ey Lie Karez-i-Mir, Baba ~ u s h k a r ( whi ch is t he
name o f a d i s t r i c t a s w e l l as a vi l l age) , Haji Kaik, Karinda, Ak
Sar ai and many smaller vi l l ages .
n
Bet ween t h e t wo c ul t i va t e d s t r i p s lies a c ons i de r a bl e expanse
g e n t l y s l opi ng o p e n and s t o n y gr ound, i n t e r s e c t e d by ravines* lnd it
is a c r o s s t h i s t h a t t h e main r oad t o Char i kar lies, t h u s enabling a
and vi neyar ds, a t l e a s t i n t h e plain r a t h e r f e we r . Lucer ne ( beda)
f or ce t o ' advance on a t ol er abl y wi de f r ont , i ns t e a d of t hr e a di ng t h e
narrow and t or t uous p a t h s whi ch l ead t h r o u g h t h e s t r ongl y e nc l os e d
vi neyards and gardens.
~ p p r o a c h e s and r oads. "The Koh Daman can be e nt e r e d from t h e di r e c -
tion of Kabul by s e ve r a l pas s es : 1st by t h e Siah Bini Kotal on t h e
sout hwest .
Thi s is an eas y pa s s but wi t h no wel l - def i ned road;
it
is however, pr act i cabl e f o r baggage mul e s and poni es.
"2nd--The Sur kha Kotal. Thi s is on t h e main road from Ar ghandi t o
t he Koh Daman, t h r o u g h t h e Paghman valley. ~t is pr act i cabl e f o r
camels .
"3rd--The Khi r skhana Kotal, l eadi nq from Deh-i-Kipok i n t h e Kabul - - -
valley pr oper t o ~ a r e z - i - ~ i ; . his-is al s o a good- r oad, wi t h e a s y
gr adi ent s, but it is sai d t o be r ough and s t ony i n pl aces. I t di d
not r econnoi t r e t h i s r oad, but it was c ons t a nt l y used. ( Thi s is t h e
main road. I t is a made r oad, f i t f o r all arms.)
"4th-- The road t h r o u g h t h e Kara Dushman gor ge. Thi s is near l y
level, and l e a d s a c r o s s open count r y, e x c e p t t h r o u g h t h e g o r g e
i t sel f . Ther e t h e pa t h l e a d s al ong t h e e d g e of a d e e p r avi ne, and
i s in pl aces ver y narrow, wi t h s h a r p a ngl e s t o t ur n, but it was us ed
by all arms, wi t h camel s and baggage mules.
"5th--the Mama Khatun Kotal. Thi s is s t e e p and r ough, and, a l t hough
baggage mules mi ght c r o s s it wi t h di f f i c ul t y, it is not advi s abl e t o
send them by t h i s r out e.
"6th--The Zimma Kotal. Sever al r oa ds , a s w i l l be s e e n i n t h e map,
l ead from Kabul a c r o s s t h e ~ a l a - i - ~ a j i and 1 l t i f a t pl a i n, and
converge a t t h e vi l l age of Zimma, whence t h e r e a r e eas y a ppr oa c he s
over open gr ound t o Baba Kushkar o r Ak Sarai. The b e s t f o r a l l
arms, i ncl udi ng wheel ed ar t i l l er y, is via Kala-i-Haji and Ju-i-Bar,
t hr ough Kala-i-Sayyid Husain, pas s i ng t hr ough t h e openi ng i n t h e
hi l l s t o t h e e a s t of Ju-i-Bar i ns t e a d of goi ng t h r o u g h t h e r oc ky
gorge whi ch cont ai ns t h e dr ai nage of t h e plain.
"7th--The Rah-i-Gosfand. I nst ead of t ur ni ng w e s t on r eachi ng Kala-
i-Sayyid Husain, an eas y road may be t aken t hr ough t h e g o r g e t o t h e
north .
"There may be sai d t o be onl y one main road t hr ough t h e Koh Daman
leading pa s t Karez-i-Mir t hr ough Kala-i-Murad Beg and Haji Kaik, and
t hen s ki r t i ng t h e we s t e r n s i d e of t h e vi neyar ds of Baba Kushkar.
This road i s usual l y in f a i r or de r and pr act i cabl e f o r all arms and
baggage animals, wi t h t h e e xc e pt i on of wheel ed ar t i l l er y, but a s it
cr os s es numerous nalas and wat er - cut s obs t r uc t i ons coul d eas i l y be
made a t s uch pl aces. AS, however , timber i s pl e nt i f ul , b r i d g e s
could always be r a pi dl y c ons t r uc t e d.
Product s. "The Koh Daman is c h i e f l y famous f o r its g r a p e s and o t h e r
f r ui t s , on whi ch t h e p e o p l e l a r g e l y s u b s i s t , b e s i d e s e x p o r t i n g
immense quant i t i es . The g r a p e s a r e of many d i f f e r e n t var i et i es , and
are cul t i vat ed wi t h g r e a t car e. Many of t h e hous e s a r e bui l t wi t h
i nt er s t i ces i n t h e wal l s f o r t h e pur pos e of dr yi ng t h e g r a p e s and
converting t hem i nt o t h e I k i s m i s 8 whi ch a ppe a r s t o be one of t h e
s t a p l e a r t i c l e s o f f o o d in Af g h a n i s t a n . The wa l l s t h u s b u i l t
Pr e s e nt t h e a p e a r a n c e o f havi ng be e n s t r o n g l y l o o p h o l e d f o r
def ensi ve purposes.
"The apr i cot i s t h e commonest f r u i t , and t h e r e a r e many d i f f e r e n t
ki nds varying cons i der abl y in col our and f l avour ; pe r ha ps one o f
t he be s t i s a whi t e f l e s h e d var i et y cal l ed ' kai si . ' Peaches and
cher r i es ar e al s o e xc e l l e nt , and l a r ge numbers of melons and water-
mel ons ar e grown wher e t h e s oi l is sui t abl e.
''Wheat and bar l ey a r e gr own r a t he r s par i ngl y i n t h e s out he r n pa r t of
t he valley, bei ng s uc c e e de d by maize in t h e autumn.
t h e nor t h t h e c o r n f i e l d s appear t o be more numerous,
and c l o v e r ( s h a f t a l ) a r e gr own i n mode r a t e q u a n t i t i e s , but af t er
f i v e we e k s ' o c c u p a t i o n by Br i gadi er - Gener al C. Goug h' s brigade, wi t h
t wo caval r y r e g i me n t s , it became r a t h e r d i f f i c u l t t o pr ocur e forage
i n s u f f i c i e n t q u a n t i t i e s .
(Molloy s a y s , " t h e r e v e n u e o f Koh Daman amount s t o s i x l akhs of
Kabul r u p e e s , o f whi c h f o u r l a k h s are r e a l i s e d from ar babi and two
l a k h s f o r Khal sa land.")
Towns and vi l l a ge s . "The mos t i mpor t a nt t o wn s and vi l l ages have
b e e n a l r e a d y e nume r a t e d; of t h o s e wh o s e p o s i t i o n I had l ei sur e to
f i x a t al l a c c u r a t e l y a r e s h o w n i n t h e map. Th e y a r e all
s u b s t a n t i a l l y b u i l t of mud wi t h t h i c k wal l s, and t h e majority have
t o we r s , g i v i n g f l a n k d e f e n c e , and mor e or less e xt e ns i ve l y loop-
hol ed.
"Most o f t he m a r e r a t h e r d i f f i c u l t t o a p p r o a c h i n consequence of
t h e i r being sur r ounded by vi neyar ds wi t h hi gh wa l l s , which complete-
l y s h u t i n t h e r o a d s and p a t h s . Th e s e a r e , however , occasionally an
advant age, a s t h e y form cover ed ways which conceal t h e movements of
t r o o p s a s w e l l a s a f f o r d t he m p r o t e c t i o n f r om f i r e . Without prepa-
r a t i on t h e s e wal l s g i v e no a d v a n t a g e t o t h e d e f e n d e r s a s t hey are
us ual l y much t o o h i g h t o f i r e over .
Popul at i on. "A l a r g e maj or i t y o f t h e i n h a b i t a n t s o f t h e Koh Daman
a r e T a j i k s , t h e c h i e f e x c e p t i o n s b e i n g t h e v i l l a g e s o f Kala-i-
Khanjar and Si ah Sang, whi c h a r e i n h a b i t e d by Af ghans only, and
Sar ai Murak, whi c h is Hi ndu.
" The popul a t i on o f Far za is p a r t l y Af gha n and par t l y ~ a j i k . I
f ound it d i f f i c u l t t o o b t a i n r e l i a b l e i n f o r ma t i o n r e g a r d i n g t h e
number s o f t h e i n h a b i t a n t s o f t h e t o wn s and vi l l a ge s , but I gi ve t he
st at ement made t o m e by a man who was s uppos ed t o be we l l acquainted
wi t h t h e c o u n t r y f o r wha t it is wor t h:
Names of Vi l l a g e s
Karez-i-Mir Bal a
Gha za
Kal a-i -Khanj ar
Dolana
Kala-i-Mir Kolab
Surkh Bul andi
Ayub Shai khu
Sa r a i Murak
Deh- i-Chakrak
Bakht er i
Yakub
Lo ku
Bezat i
Jal wani
Bed a k
Deh- i -Nao
Far za
I s t a l i f
Khwa j a Shawab
I s t a r g h i j
Cha i ka l
Khwaja Sar an
Opi an
Tutamdara
Karez-i-Mir Pai n
Kala-i-Murad Beg
Ha j i Kaik
NO. of houses
Si ah Sang
hush Kin
Si ab
Suf i a n
Dha ku
Guzar
Mama Khatun
Baba Kushkar
Kuchi
Kala Khan
Balao
Lucha Khan
Kar i nda
Ak Sa r a i
Tot a l
"Or, r oughl y, 6,500 hous e s , e x c l u s i v e o f Char i kar ( Char i kar is s ai d
t o cont ai n 3,000, and Parwan 1, 500 hous e s , but n e i t h e r of t h e s e
pl aces a r e bel i eved t o b e i n t h e Koh Daman d i s t r i c t pr ope r l y so-
cal l ed; t h e y a r e more pr obabl y i nc l ude d i n t h e Cha r i ka r s ubdi vi s i on
of Kohistan. Maitland, a s ment i oned above, e s t i ma t e s t h e popul at i on
a t 200,000 s oul s , whi l e Molloy c omput e s it a t 20, 000 f ami l i es. ) , and
Parwan, whi ch a r e r e p r e s e n t e d a s bei ng ver y l a r g e pl aces . Taki ng an
aver age of 1.5 men p e r hous e , t h i s would gi ve a f i g h t i n g s t r e n g t h of
about 10, 000 men.
Manuf act ur es . " A s f a r a s I c o u l d l e a r n , t h e r e a r e b u t f e w
manuf act ur es i n t h e Koh Daman; c o a r s e c o t t o n c l o t h is, a s usual ,
woven is most of t h e vi l l ages .
"In Kala-i-Murad Beg t h e r e seems t o be a c ons i de r a bl e t r a d e i n
pottery which is made t her e.
"Bezati is f amous al l over t h e c ount r y f o r t h e e x c e l l e n c e o f its
vi negar . " ( Wood, Mas s on, Lo r d , E l p h i n s t o n e , Ki nl oc h, Ma i t l a nd,
Molloy.)
KOH DILAN
A hi gh mountain i n t h e Siah Koh range.
*KOH-I-AB--I-REG 4, d 4
34-43 68-41 m. A mountain nor t hwest of t h e Paghman range, nor t heast
of t he source of t h e Helmand.
KOH- 1 -BABA && 4
34-41 67-30. A l ong mountain r a nge s t r e t c h i n g from e a s t t o w e s t
acr oss t h e c e n t r e of Af ghani s t an, and f or mi ng p a r t of t h e g r e a t
backbone of t h e whol e count r y. It is usual l y s p o k e n of a s a cont i n-
uation of t h e Hindu ~ u s h , and it is s o i n f a c t , a s w e l l a s i n name,
but t h e r e i s t h i s pe c ul i a r i t y ( not uncommon in s u c h c a s e s ) t h a t t h e
one r ange is not a s i mpl e pr ol ongat i on of t h e o t h e r , wi t hout br eak.
The e n d s of t h e r a n g e s d o not meet, b u t over l ap, and a r e uni t ed by a
r at her f l a t o p e n wa t e r s he d known a s t h e Shi bar pa s s . ( See "Hindu
Kush. I t )
The Koh-i -~aba pr ope r e x t e n d s from t h e oh-i-Darwaz i n t h e ~ h a i k h
Ali count r y t o t h e ne i ghbour hood of t h e Bak kak p a s s s o u t h o f Yakh
Walang. Here t h e h i t h e r t o wel l - def i ned r a nge br e a ks up i nt o t h r e e .
The Sout her n- most br anch may be c ons i de r e d t h e real main r ange. I t
is cal l ed t h e Band-i-Duakhwan, Band-i-Baian, and by o t h e r names, and
cont i nues al ong t h e s o u t h of t h e ~ a r i Rud val l ey t o t h e i mmedi at e
nei ghbout hood of Her at , whe r e i t is cal l ed t h e oh-i-Safed. The
cent r e br anch r u n s al ong t h e nor t h s i d e of t h e Hari Rudr par al l el t o
t h e f i r s t , and is t h e wa t e r s he d be t we e n t h e Hari Rud and the
Murg hab. The n o r t h e r n br anch s t r i k e s n o r t h we s t , encl os i ng t h e basin
o f t h e Uppe r Murghab, and di vi di ng it from t h e d e e p valley and
g o r g e s o f t h e Bud-i-Band-i-Amir.
Br anchi ng r i g h t and l e f t , it forms
t h e mass of mount ai ns whi c h a r e t h e nat ur al boundar y of t h i s part of
Af gha n Tur ki s t an. The we s t e r n hal f of t h e s e mount ai ns is called t he
Band- i - Tur ki st an. The e a s t e r n hal f h a s no one name.
The Koh-i-Baba b e a r s c ons i de r a bl e out wa r d r esembl ance t o t h e Hindu
Kush, bei ng a s i e r r a , of whi c h t h e h i g h e s t p e a k s rise t o over 16,000
f e e t . The p a s s e s a r e f r om 12, 000 f e e t t o 13, 000 f e e t hi gh. They are
t h e r e f o r e n o t much l owe r t h a n t h e Hi ndu Kush p a s s e s , and appear to
be c l o s e d f o r much a bout t h e same t i me . But t h e r e is t h i s di f f er ence
be t we e n t h e oh-i-Baba and t h e Hi ndu Kush pr ope r , t h a t while t he
l a t t e r is pr a c t i c a l l y a s i n g l e r a n g e l i k e t h e Al ps bet ween France
and I t al y, t h e Koh-i-Baba h a s a wi de t r a c t o f mount ai nous count ry on
e i t h e r s i d e of it, and t h e d i f f i c u l t i e s of t h e r o a d s a r e by no means
c o n f i n e d t o c r o s s i n g t h e main r ange. To t h e s o u t h of t h e oh-i-Baba
is t h e Besud d i s t r i c t o f ~ a z a r a j a t , a hi l l y r e gi on of gr e a t eleva-
t i on, t h r o u g h t h e u p p e r e nd of whi ch lies t h e road from Kabul to
Bamian by t h e Unai pa s s . F u r t h e r w e s t Besud c ount r y is succeeded by
t h a t o f t h e Dai Zangi s.
Nor t h o f t h e Koh-i-Baba is t h e g r e a t pl at eau of ~ f g h a n i s t a n , ext end-
i ng f o r some 1 4 0 m i l e i n t h e d i r e c t i o n o f t h e Oxus.
The p a s s e s l e a di ng ove r t h e Koh-i-Baba p r o p e r a r e in or de r from t he
e a s t a s f ol l ows :
Darwaz
Ni rkh
Sagpa r
Zi r ak
Sabzab
I r a k
Haj i gak
Kaf z a r
Dokan
Faul ad i
Si a h Reg
J i r i a Khana
Dulga
Zard Sang (1)
Gul-i-Robat Zard Sang ( 2)
Khak- i-Chag i r
Shaht u
Kharkol .
The I r ak, Haj i gak and Zard Sang a r e t h e onl y o n e s of
whi ch reliable
and r e c e n t i nf or mat i on exists. ~t is n o t q u i t e cl ear whet her t he
Bakkak is on t h e main r a nge o r not . Maitland, who c r os s e d it, speaks
o f it a s bei ng s o, b u t from t h e map it would a ppe a r t o c r os s i t s
n o r t h e r n br anch. A g r e a t br anch o f t h e oh-i-Baba is a r ange which
t a k e s o f f from t h e l a t t e r a t Akzar at and r uns s out h west t hr ough
Waras and Ta kht , t ur ni ng gr adual l y west and r unni ng t hr ough t he
Se h p a i c ount r y down t o t h e Helmand a t Sher an. I t s pr i nci pal names
a r e K0h-i-C ha r k, Koh-i-Jao k 01, C h a h a r Shamba, Aodar azag h, and
Lar gar . I t is compar at i vel y l ow near t h e Koh-i-Baba and i ncr eases i n
h e i g h t a s it a p p r a o c h e s t h e Se hpa i count r y. (Maitland, peacocker
Pe a r t . )
*KOH-I-BADAM ,\A J
34-29 68-32 m. A mount ai n l oc a t e d nor t h
o f t h e Maidan r i ver and
e a s t of Jal i z.
KOH-I-BIRUNI
A s ubs e c t i on of t h e Besud Hazar as.
*KW-I-BORO pd
34-36 67-25 m. A mount ai n l ocat ed s o u t h of t h e ~ o h - i - ~ a b a r ange and
s out hwe s t of Bamian.
*KOH- I-CHAPDARA 4~ + d
34-41 67-47 m. A mount ai n l oc a t e d n o r t h of t h e Koh-i-Baba r a nge and
some 10 miles s o u t h of Bamian.
KOH-I -CHARK See KOH- I -BABA
*KOH-I -DOSHAKH +, d 4J
34-57 67-20 m. A mount ai n l oc a t e d n o r t h e a s t o f t h e Band-i-Amir, a t
t h e s our c e of t h e Dara-i-Tarikak.
*KOH-I -GHULPARIDA
4 4s J$ 4 s
34-5 67-28 m. A mount ai n l oc a t e d w e s t o f Kushk i n Bamian pr ovi nce.
*KOH-I-GIRU l~df 4J
34-18 68-7 m. A mount ai n l oc a t e d e a s t o f Baghak i n Bamian pr ovi nce.
*KOH-I-GOLI S4J
34-35 67-6 m. A mount ai n i n t h e Koh-i-Baba r a nge , nor t h of t h e
Kotal-i-G har g har a i n Bamian pr ovi nce.
KOH-I -JAOKAL See KOH-I -BABA JP 4
KOH-I-JAUZ jP 4
33- 68-. One of t h e pr i nc i pa l mount ai ns i n t h e r a nge e a s t of
Ghazni. ( Hast i ng s.)
KOH-I-KALANDARAN See KOH-I-SHAITUS 4 s
34-25 68-21 m. A mount ai n l oc a t e d s o u t h we s t of J a l r i z i n Logar
province.
KOH-I-KARINJ & 4
Elevation 14, 337 f e e t . A peak on a r i d g e whi ch s e p a r a t e s Laghman
from t h e Kafir count r y. From its summit is a mos t e x t e n s i v e and
commanding vi ew of t h i s r egi on. I t is somet i mes c ove r e d wi t h snow,
but is below t h e snow l i ne, and is c ove r e d wi t h f o r e s t s . The Kaf i r s
roam over t h e nor t h s l o p e s of t h i s hi l l . (Masson.)
KOH-I -KOHAND 4 4
A peak on t h e r a nge whi ch s e p a r a t e s t h e Panj s hi r val l ey f r om t h a t o f
Tagao. I t is d u e nor t h of Tagao, and is pr obabl y a t t h e head o f t h e
above named r a n g e a s it is i n t h e c o u n t r y o f t h e Ka f i r s . I t is
covered wi t h snow f o r a g r e a t e r p a r t of t h e year. (Masson.)
KOH-I-KURT
A range of h i l l s i n t h e Hazar aj at .
*KOH-I-MAGU
34-29 67-3 G. A w e l l known mountain in t h e Hazarajat.
$1 4 s
*KOH-I -MASAMUT Gp. 1 d
34-52 70-13 m. A mount ai n l oc a t e d n o r t h e a s t of Al i shang and s out h-
west of Alingar i n Lag hman pr ovi nce.
*KOH-I-MIR H 4
34-2 67-46 m. A mount a i n l o c a t e d s o u t h o f Ba r i kj oy i n ~ a m i a n
Province.
*KOH-I -NAYAK AL 4
34-28 68-31 m. A mount ai n l oc a t e d nor t h of t h e Maidan r i ve r a t
Sarchashma i n Maidan pr ovi nce.
*KOH-I-QAJIR add
33-50 68-5 m.
A mount ai n l oc a t e d n o r t h we s t of t h e
Shemel t u stream
i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
*KOH-I-RAWZA
33-36 68-28 m. A mount ai n l o c a t e d s ome 4 m i l e s nor t h Ghazni.
+J d
KOH-I-SABZNALA dL+d
33- 68-. A mount ai n t o t h e e a s t o f Ghazni . ( Hast i ngs. )
KOH- I-SAF I & 4 s
34-44 69-22 m. A hi l l y t r a c t , s i t u a t e d be t we e n t h e val l ey of Tagao
and t h e Pa nj s hi r r i ve r , and s o cal l ed from t h e Saf i r t r i be who
p a s t u r e t h e i r f l o c k s on it. (Masson.)
+KOH-I-SAFI jbd
34-51 69-23. Koh-i-Safi is an a l a qa da r i i n Parwan province. The
a l a qa da r i c ompr i s e s an a r e a o f 701 s q u a r e ki l omet er s and has an
a gr i c ul t ur a l popul a t i on t h a t h a s be e n e s t i ma t e d a t from 4,690 to
5,250. The a l a qa da r i is bounde d i n t h e west by Qara Bagh and Deh
Sabz, i n t h e n o r t h we s t by Bagram, i n t h e nor t h by Mahmud Raqi and
Nejrab, i n t h e e a s t by Tagab, i n t h e s o u t h by Sarobi , Khak-i-Jabar,
and Deh Sabz. Koh-i-Safi i n c l u d e s a bout 37 vi l l a ge s , of whi ch 2 have
mor e t h a n 500 i nha bi t a nt s . The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG as
f ol l ows : Angur Darah, She r ga i , Pacha Khak, Lala Baba, Paitab, Sayyid
Al i , Khus hk 801 wa Qandi Qol, Khak Khur, Landa Khel Juzak, Mulla
Ahmad Khel, Hasanzai Suf l a, Kari zgai , Hasanzai Ulya, Ali Kh waja,
J u r g h a t i Ul ya, Adi n Kh e l ( Adi na Khe l ) , Qal a Khel , Askendar a,
S e n j e t a k , Tr i l i , Da nde r ( Da nda r a ) , I s l am, Baba G humbaki , Nili,
Bak h t i , Cha na r i , D e wana Khel , J u r g h a t i Zi a r a t Su f l a , Basi Khel,
Gadai Khel, Naman Khel, Ahmadzai, Ghaf ur Khel, Siah Sang, Jauzak,
Meya Khel , I smael Khel , and Mardan Khel.
KOH- I -SHA ITUS
A mount ai n r ange i n t h e Ha z a r a j a t .
*KOH-I-SHANASANG S;L: .$
34-53 67-2 m. A mount ai n l oc a t e d s o u t h of t h e ~ h u s h k d a r a Stream,
and n o r t h we s t of t h e Band-i-Amir i n Bamian pr ovi nce.
KOH I STAN J4
35-7 69-18. Kohi st an is a wol eswal i i n parwan pr ovi nce. The woks-
w a l l c ompr i s e s an a r e a of 1 7 1 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s and has an agricul-
t ur a l popul a t i on t h a t h a s be e n e s t i ma t e d a t from 20,827 t o 28,734.
The wol eswal i is bounded i n t h e west by Kapisa, in t h e nort h by
Panj s hi r , i n t h e e a s t by Durnama, i n t h e s o u t h e a s t by Charika, and
i n t h e s o u t h by Mahmud Raqi. Kohi st an i nc l ude s about 104 villagesr
o f whi ch a bout 27 have more t ha n 500 i nhabi t ant s . The vi l l ages are
l i s t e d in t h e PG a s f ol l ows : Af t abachi , Pana Khel, Baku ~ h e 1 1
Ghaf f a r Khel, Bag hc ha Lalo-i-Karim Khel, Karam ~hel-i- hum-i-Zargart
Bag hcha-i-Lalo-Zargar, Kanko, Puf dam (Pug hl a) , KOrawa, ~al a- i - Shada~
Toghak- i - Usht ur gr am, Ti s hi Dara (Tal She da ) , Shi r Khan Khel, Hazrat
Khel, Penj a Koti, Deh Nau, J al dak Qalandar Khan, Jamal Agha, Deb
Ourban-i-Qala-i-Reg i, Sarband-i-Jamal Ag ha, Yarow Khel, Malik ~ h @l ,
Qal a- i - Regi , J amal Ag ha-i -Ul ya, Ch a a h ma - i - ~ a z u l l a h ( C hashma-1-
Sadul l ah) , Che g h c h i Dasht , Sef at uLl ah ( Haf i zul l ah Khel), hashm ma-^-
Al l ahdad, Khum-i-Roba, De r a s ha n ( Deh p e r a s h a n ) , Wer ashan UI Ya ,
Wer ashan Suf l a , Murad Khwaja, Nur Khel, Deh Payake Dasht, Deh
Muzafar, Deh-i-Bulbul, Reg- i - ~awan, Sanjan, Sangbur ha ang gar an),
Shi r a k Pi r ak, Ezat Khel, Qazi Khel, Kocha-i-Sanglak h ~ a l a - i - Mi ~ ~ ,
qazaq, la-i-Sahra, Qal a-i -Sahra-i -U s h t u r g r am, Qal a- i - Sahr a- i -
~ a s h t , Bala Kocha, Qala-i-Nau-i-Dasht, ~al acha- i - Mi r Sahi b, Kalota,
Karezi, Kes h k e t a n (Kas h k e s t a n ) , Kala Banan, Kulalan Tapa-i-Mali kan,
~ ~ ~ ~ - i - K u l a l a n , Tapa-i -Mal e ka n, Ku h na D e h , Mulla K h el ( Mul l a
~ h a l f i ) , Sh o k h Chi yan, Waseh Khel, Deh Khum-i-Zargar, Hasan Khel ,
pul - i - l shuq, Pul-i-Go w Kush, Qadam Khel , Cha r Asyab, Pul-i-Mug hul an,
Anwar Khan Khel, Poza Dazri , Af ghan Beg Khel, Zobaid Khel , orb an
Beg Khel, ~ h w a j a Mir Khel , Nabi Khel , Hamzulla Khel, Tapazar , Lat i f
Khel, Ghulam Khel , Kashaw, Nas s er Khan Khel, Faqi r Khan Khel, Sh e r
Mohammad Khel, Adel Shah Khel , Karam Khan Khel, Sur a t be g Khel , Qul-
i - ~ ~ m a l - i - ~ h um- i - Zar gar , Muri Kh um-i-Zargar, Qara Sayyi di , Tajo
Khel, Mir Khel, Pa ds ha h Khel , Nazam Khel , Kohna Khel , Kohna Qala,
Arbab Khel, Sha r ba t Khel, Char Asyab, Gul ~ h u n d i , Usht ur am Khel ,
us h t u r Khel , Qar ya- i - Kayada- i - Suf l a , a n d Qa r y a - i - ~a y a d a - i - u l y a .
( LWA) In 1912 t h i s a r e a was d e s c r i b e d a s f ol l ows :
" A d i s t r i c t o f Kabul, s i t u a t e d n o r t h o f Kabul, and c o n s i s t i n g o f t h e
valleys of Tagao, Nijrao, Pa nj s hi r , Ghor band, and Char i kar , wi t h t h e
minor val l eys whi c h o p e n i n t o them.'' But a c c o r d i n g t o Molloy, "Reza-
i-Kohistan c o mp r i s e s t h a t p o r t i o n o f Kohi st an whi ch lies b e t we e n t h e
Koh Daman and Panj shi r . The Kotal-i-Darband l e a d i n g t o Pa nj s hi r is
on t h e n o r t h e r n b o r d e r l i ne. West a r e s p u r s o f t h e Hi ndu Kush. On
t h e e a s t e r n b o r d e r a r e t h e f ol l owi ng i n d e p e n d e n t v i l l a g e s s i t u a t e d
on t h e s l o p e s o f t h e h i l l s whi c h s h u t o f f t h e Nijrao val l ey, viz. ,
Bulaghain, Sanjan and Durnama. The t wo d i s t r i c t s o f Koh Daman and
Reza-i-Kohistan t o g e t h e r make u p what t h e Af g h a n s mean when t h e y
t a l k of ohi is tan. On t h i s p o i n t my i nf or mant s p e a k s pos i t i ve l y.
Ghorband, Panj s hi r , Tagao and Nijrao a r e l o o k e d on a s s e p a r a t e
d i s t r i c t s , and a r e al ways s o s p o k e n of . They a r e ne ve r , t h a t is
i ncl uded in Kohistan. " For t h e p u r p o s e s o f t h i s a r t i c l e Kohi st an
w i l l b e c o n s i d e r e d a s b e i n g s u b d i v i d e d t h u s : Tagao, Ni j r a o,
Pa nj s hi r , Ch a r i k a r ; a n d f u r t h e r i n f o r ma t i o n r e g a r d i n g t h e s e
subdi vi si ons w i l l b e f ound u n d e r t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e h e a d i n g s .
The coup d' oei l pr esent ed by Kohistan, when viewed from t h e plain of
Bagram, is mos t ma gni f i c e nt ; t h e wi ndi ng c o u r s e s o f t h e r i v e r s , t h e
pi ct ur es que a p p e a r a n c e of t h e g a r d e n s and f o r t s , t h e v e r d u r e o f t h e
p a s t u r e s , t h e b o l d a n d v a r i e d a s p e c t o f t h e e n v i r o n i n g h i l l s ,
crowned by t h e s nowy summi t s o f t h e Hi ndu Kush, f or m a l a n d s c a p e
which can scar cel y be concei ved but by t h o s e who have wi t nessed it.
Kohistan is onl y c u l t i v a t e d i n t h e ne i ghbour hood o f t h e s t r e a ms , b u t
t h i s por t i on b e a r s b u t a smal l p r o p o r t i o n t o t h e mount ai ns whi ch a r e
hi gh, s t e e p , and c o v e r e d wi t h f i r s . The c u l t i v a t e d p a r t s yi el d whe a t
and some o t h e r gr a i ns , b u t t h e c h i e f s u b s i s t e n c e o f t h e p e o p l e is
from t h e i r numer ous and e x t e n s i v e pl a nt a t i ons o f mul ber r y trees.
Some gr ai n is i mpor t e d from t h e Koh Daman and t h e r e t u r n s a r e made
in c h e e s e . T h e r e i s , h o we v e r , b u t l i t t l e t r a d e , i n t e r n a l o r
ext er nal , and t h e p e o p l e l i v e much t o t he ms e l ve s . The Kohi s t a ni s
l i ve in f l at - r oof ed h o u s e s and t h o s e who a t t e n d t h e l i v e s t o c k t o t h e
mountain in t h e summer d o n o t u s e t e n t s . The vi l l a ge s a r e smal l b u t
numerous, and t h e popul at i on is, a c c o r d i n g t o El phi ns t one , 40, 000
f ami l i es . ( Th i s r e f e r s t o Ko h i s t a n a s d e f i n e d i n t h e s e c o n d
edi t i on. ) T h e c o u n t r y is v e r y s t r o n g f o r d e f e n s e , f r om i t s
unProd u c t i v e n e s s and t h e f a c i l i t y wi t h whi ch t h e i n h a b i t a n t s can
r e t r e a t t o t h e mount ai ns.
In t h e i r pe r s ona l c h a r a c t e r t h e Kohi s t ani s a r e bol d, vi ol ent , and
and s o much gi ve n t o war t h a t t h e y r e c k o n it a d i s g r a c e f o r a
man d i e in h i s bed. They make e x c e l l e n t i n f a n t r y , pa r t i c ul a r l y among
hius, b u t t h e i r c o u r a g e is ge ne r a l l y wa s t e d in i n t e r n a l d i s s e n -
sions. They have sel dom d i s p u t e s b e t we e n t r i b e s or vi l l ages , b u t
qua r r e l s and a s s a s s i n a t i o n s among i ndi vi dual s . Di s p u t e s b e t we e n
wh e n t h e y d o h a p p e n , a r e mor e s e r i o u s i n t h e i r
c o n s e q u e n c e s t h a n e l s e wh e r e , s i n c e it is al mos t a s easy t o feu a
pl a nt a t i on o f mul ber r y trees a s t o r e a p a f i e l d o f cor n, and t he
damage is f a r mor e d i f f i c u l t t o r e pa i r . A t t h e p r e s e n t time the
Kohistanis are under st ood t o pos s e s s but f ew arms,
Ami r Abdur Rahman
havi ng di s ar med t he m t o a l a r g e e x t e n t .
The i r d r e s s is a c l o s e j a c k e t and t r o u s e r s o f c oa r s e , bl ack, woollen
c l o t h , a pai r of s h o r t hal f - boot s , and a s m a l l s i l ke n cap.
T h e y a r e a l l S u n i s , a n d b e a r mor e t h a n o r d i n a r y h a t r e d t o t he
Pe r s i a ns and t o all o t h e r Shi a hs .
They are under d i f f e r e n t Khans, and t h e s e c hi e f s , t hough t hey cannot
c o n t r o l t h e i r dome s t i c f e u d s , a r e a b l e t o d i r e c t t h e i r f or e i gn
ope r a t i ons , pa r t i c ul a r l y when a s s i s t e d by any r e l i gi ous prejudice.
Masson h a s t h e f ol l owi ng r e ma r ks on t h e a n t i q u i t i e s o f Kohistan:
"The Kohi st an o f Kabul a bounds wi t h v e s t i g e s of its anci ent inhabi-
t a n t s ; t h e y a r e c h i e f l y , i f n o t e x c l u s i v e l y , o f a s e pul c hr a l
c h a r a c t e r , b u t t h e i r g r e a t e r or less e x t e n t , wi t h t h e numbers and
v a r i e t i e s o f t h e c o i n s and o t h e r relics f ound a t t hem, may aut hori se
u s t o f or m an e s t i ma t e o f t h e i mpor t a nc e o f t h e pl aces which, we
i n f e r , were s i t u a t e d near t hem. Admi t t i ng s u c h cr i t er i a, a ci t y of
ma gni t ude mus t have e x i s t e d a t Parwan, a bout 8 miles beari ng north,
1 9 w e s t , f r om Bagram, c o n s e q u e n t l y t h a t d i s t a n c e near er t o t h e great
r a n g e of Caucas us u n d e r whos e i n f e r i o r h i l l s it is i n f a c t found.
Coi ns a r e d i s c o v e r e d t h e r e i n l a r g e number s, and t h e r e is also a
c a v e r emar kabl e f o r its di mensi ons.
A t Kor aht as, e a s t o f t h e f amed h i l l and z i a r a t Reg Rawan, and on t he
o p p o s i t e s i d e o f t h e r i v e r t o Bagram, f r om whi ch it is di s t a nt about
6 m i l e s bear i ng n o r t h , 48 e a s t , numer ous c o i n s a r e f ound, and we
ha ve t h e us ua l t o k e n s o f mounds, f r a g me n t s of pot t e r y, etc. , with
r emai ns of wo r k s i n masonr y a bout t h e hi l l s , whi ch, beari ng now t he
a p p e l l a t i o n s of ~al a- i - Kaf i r , are i n t r u t h s e p u l c h r a l reposi t ori es. "
Duri ng t h e campai gn i n Af gha ni s t a n i n 1840, t h e oh is tan was t he
s c e n e o f s e v e r a l e nga ge me nt s , vix., a t ~ u t a md a r a , Parwan, Jalgah,
Kahdara, Char i kar , and I s t a l i f . A c o r p s of ohi is tan is was raised
u n d e r Li e ut e na nt Moule, b u t t h e y a p p e a r t o have been eminently
u n t r u s t wo r t h y t h r o u g h o u t t h e i r s h o r t s e r vi c e , and a t l a s t t he y broke
i n t o o p e n mut i ny on t h e out br e a k o f t h e r ebel l i on a t ~ a b u l .
Duri ng t h e Br i t i s h i nvas i on of Af gha ni s t a n i n 1079-80 t h e ohi is tan is
t o o k a ve r y pr omi nent p a r t i n o p p o s i n g us , and a r e sai d t o have
s u s t a i n e d t h e h e a v i e s t l o s s e s o f a l l our o p p o n e n t s a t s he r pur and
e l s e wh e r e , one o f t h e i r c h i e f s , ~ i r Bachcha, bei ng especi al l y ac-
t i v e i n h i s hos t i l i t y. Towar ds t h e e nd o f t h e i nves t ment of S h e r ~ u r f
t h e y we r e much d i s g u s t e d wi t h t h e i r t r e a t me nt by t h e ot he r t r i bes,
who, t h e y s a i d, al ways a s s i g n e d t h e p o s t of da nge r t o t hem, wher eas
t h e y t h e ms e l v e s c a r r i e d o f f t h e l i on' s s h a r e of pl under .
In Januar y 1880, Mir Bachcha was puni s he d by t h e de s t r uc t i on of his
f o r t s , o r c h a r d s and vi ne ya r ds i n t h e Koh Daman. (Masson, pottinger,
El phi ns t one , I.B.C.)
KOH-I-SULTAN d u d
34-9 69-23 m. A h i g h mount ai n l yi ng t o t h e s o u t h e a s t of ~ a b u l and
t o t h e e a s t o f Zargan Sha hr i n Logar. ~t is a ppr oa c he d from t he
Loqar val l ey by t h e Abkhor d e f i l e , (1.B.C.)
Re c e nt maps show t he
sp&ling oh-ilsultan Sahi b. (LWA)
KOHNA DEH
34- 70-
A vi l l a ge i n t h e Kunar val l ey c l o s e t o t h e vi l l age of
Kal at ak, o r a bout 56 k o s f r om J al dabad. 1t hae 60 hous es is en-
c l o s e d , and s i t u a t e d on an emi nence. Behi nd it is a s m a l l but very
P e r f e c t t o p e , t h e bas ement and c yl i ndr i c a l s u p e r s t r u c t u r e of which
a r e v e r y e n t i r e . I n t h e h i l l s b e h i n d it a r e a number of caves
proving t h e s p o t t o ha ve be e n a monas t er y ( vi har a) , a s t h e r e a r e
more t han would have be e n ne c e s s a r y i n s i mpl e c onne c t i on wi t h t h e
monument. (Masson.)
KOHNA DEH
A small c r u d e f o r t , s ur r ounde d by t h e h u t s o f a Hazara vi l l age,
si t uat ed i n t h e Garmao val l ey.
*KOHNA DEH
4 J 4
33-16 68-2 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e Zarak Mandeh, a bout 6 m i l e s
nor t hwes t o f Daf t ani i n Ghazni pr ovi nce. Ot he r pl a c e s wi t h t h i s
name a r e l oc a t e d near Qar ghanat u i n Bamian pr ovi nce, a t 34-46 67-25
m; and some 6 m i l e s nor t h o f Kota-i-Ashro i n Maidan pr ovi nce, a t 34-
31 68-49 m.
KOHNAK ( u p s
32-42 68-42. The name a ppl i e d t o t h e r a nge of h i l l s r unni ng nor t h
and s out h al ong t h e e a s t s i d e o f t h e Katawaz d i s t r i c t . (I.B.C.)
KoxsHKI See SAIYIDAN W
KOJAK See SAGPAR .415
KOJI
A l o c a l i t y i n t h e Besud Hazara count r y.
KOJJIN
34- 69-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Koh Daman, 10 1/2 m i l e s from Kabul on
t he road t o Char i kar vi a t h e ~ h i r s Khana Kotal. I t lies a bout 1/2
miles t o t h e w e s t o f t h e r oad, and a roomy campi ng gr ound can b e
found bet ween t h e vi l l a ge and t h e r oad. Su p p l i e s and wat er a r e
abundant. (I.B.C.) Re c e nt maps s how t h e name Koch ki n, a t 34-39 69-4
m. (LWA)
KOKHAR AB A4
A r i ver whi ch dr a i ns t h e e a s t e r n pa r t of t h e Dai Kundi count r y.
KOKINAK See KARA KHAWAL U s
*KOLAK &,i
34-3 67-3 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Helmand, near
Kajalak i n Bamian pr ovi nce. Anot her pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d
near t h e Helmand i n t h e Warash a r e a i n Bamian pr ovi nce.
KOLANI j y r i
34- 66-. A t agao, o r gl en, r unni ng down i n a nor t he r l y di r e c t i on
from t h e Band-i-Duakhwan t o t h e La1 val l ey.
KOL I AN
A t r i b e of i ndependent Hazar as.
KOL- I ( &I&
Places, t h e names of whi ch be gi n wi t h t h e word Kol f ol l owed by t h e
Persian i zaf at , a r e d e s c r i b e d unde r t h e s e c ond word of t h e i r d e s i g -
nat i ons.
KWACHA I e 9
34-20 67-1 m. A vi l l age, wi t h a s a r a i i n t h e Kirman val l ey, p a s s e d
t h e Kabul - Hazar aj at - ~aul at Yar r oad 7 m i l e s b e f o r e r e a c hi ng Kala
Safarak. Anot her vi l l age wi t h t h i s name, a l s o s p e l l e d ~ o wmg h i , is
l o c a t e d a t 34-28 66-31 A., and a mount ai n a t 34-26 66-26 m. (LWA)
KORABA O r KORAWA
kJJ
35-12 69-19 m. A vi l l a ge i n t h e u p p e r ~ a n j s h i r gl e n 3 1/2 miles
bel ow Anaba. I t c ont a i ns 35 h o u s e s of Taj i ks. ( Sahazada Taimus.)
KORA KANDAO ,' 45 4
35- 69-. A p a s s whi c h c o n n e c t s Nijrao wi t h t h e head of t h e Tagao
val l ey. ( St e w a r t .)
KOROGH Or KORAKH
&J
34-26 69-3. El evat i on 10, 509 f e e t . A l o f t y hi l l t o t h e s out hwes t of
Kabul. I t f o r ms t h e e n d o f a l o n g s p u r r u n n i n g down i n a
s o u t h e a s t e r l y d i r e c t i o n from t h e Paghman r ange. Ar ghandi and Kala-i-
Kazi lie t o t h e nor t h o f t h e mount ai n, and t h e Ghazni road passes
ove r its we s t e r n s l o p e s by t h e Kotal-i-Takht. (I.B.C.)
KOT 4
34- 70-. A s t r eam of t h e Jal al abad val l ey, whi ch rises in t he
Sa f e d Koh and f l owi ng n o r t h by Ba t i kot and Cha r de h f a l l s i nt o t he
Kabul r i v e r n e a r t h e l a t t e r p l a c e . I t g i v e s its name t o t h e
s ubdi vi s i on of t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t l yi ng be t we e n t h e Mahman and
Hi sar ak s ubdi vi s i ons . The f ol l owi ng is a list of t h e vi l l ages as
drawn up by Jenkyns in 1879:
Laghar j ui
Farukhshah Khel
Sh a i s t a Khel
Andarani
Si pa i
Kamal Khel
Madok Badok
Saadatmand
Ka l a j a t
Ba t i kot .
I da r Khel
Hidwani
Changar
Sper gar
Dosha
Khi dar Khani
Man j uni
Jaba-o-Mi t rani
zerbachha-i-Miran
Th e i nha bi t a nt s a r e Ti r ai s, wi t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f ~erbacha-i-Miran
occupi ed by Sayyid s. (MacGregor, Jenkyns. )
KOT
+$
35- 69-. A g l e n of t h e u p p e r Panj s hi r , whi ch de bouc he s i nt o t he
r i g h t of t h e main val l ey some 8 miles above Anaba, and cont ai ns some
v i l l a g e s a n d c u l t i v a t i o n . T h e f i r s t set t l ement is Sh a s t , 100
hous e s . A m i l e above are Kot and Kanda, on o p p o s i t e s i d e s of t he
gl e n; t o g e t h e r t h e y have 40 hous e s . St i l l h i g h e r is ~ a r w a s h i with
40 hous e s . I nhabi t ant s : Taj i ks. Oppos i t e t h e Kot gl en, on t he
l ef t bank of t h e main st r eam, is t h e mout h of a r avi ne known as t he
I sar ak Dara. ( Shah zada Taimus.)
KOTAGAI ($$I#
34-37 69-33 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d some 4 miles nor t h of t h e Kabul
r i ve r and w e s t o f t h e Naghl u dam.
Anot her pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is a
f e w m f l e ~ s o u t h o f Sar obi i n Kabul pr ovi nce, a t 34-32 69-45 m -
45
*KOTAK
34-49 67-6 m.
A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e Band-i-Amir, some 3 miles
w e m t of J ar ukas han i n Bamian pr ovi nce.
Anot her pl ace wi t h t h i s name
is near the Koh-i-Adera, n o r t h we s t of Sha f kh Mi in parwan province,
a t 34-58 68-26 m.
*KOTAL J$
33-25 68-7 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d e a s t o f t h e Si a hkoh and a bout 20
miles s out hwes t o f Ghazni .
KOTAL
&J
Elevation 8,750 f e e t . A vi l l a ge i n Kharwar. For t y h o u s e s o f Ghi l -
zais. ( Gr i esbac h .)
*KOTAL J$
34-1 70-6 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e Garmab st r eam i n s o u t h e r n
Bamian pr ovi nce.
KOTALI A
34-48 70-6 m. A vi l l a ge i n Laghman c ons i s t i ng of t h e f ol l owi ng
hamlets:
1. Ghaziabad
2. Kala- i-Muhammad Abid
3. Manjan
4. Shamsi Khel
I nha bi t a nt s : Dehgans. (Warburton. )
KOTAL- I &J
Passes t h e names of which begi n with t h e word Kotal followed by t h e
Persian i z a f a t , a r e d e s c r i b e d unde r t h e s e c ond word o f t h e i r d e s i g -
nat i ons.
KOTANNI NARA I d&
8,000 f e e t . A p a s s ove r t h e h i l l s l e a di ng from Birmal i nt o t h e
Zurmat valley. I t is c r o s s e d by a r oad from t h e Tochi val l ey t o
Gardez a t about 14 m i l e s beyond Urgun. Camel s a r e s ai d t o b e a bl e
t o c r o s s t h e p a s s i n wi nt er b o t h t h e a s c e n t and d e s c e n t bei ng
r epor t ed a s ve r y easy. It would a ppa r e nt l y n o t be d i f f i c u l t t o make
t h e road over t h e p a s s f i t f o r wheel ed t r a f f i c . (1.B.C.)
KOTAPUR- I -AFGHANI +'(A) - A
34-24 70-15 m. A vi l l age in t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t , s i t u a t e d on t h e
l e f t bank of t h e Sur kha b r i ve r o p p o s i t e Balabagh. In it is i nc l ude d
t he hamlet of KO-i-~uhammad Shah, bot h being under t h e headmen of
t h e Kaka Khel. I nha bi t a nt s Ghi l zai s. The r e is a l s o a Kotapur-i-
Tajiki ment i oned by J e nkyns whi ch is pr obabl y i n t h e same t owns hi p.
J e nkyns s a y s t h a t t h e i n h a b i t a n t s a r e Ta j i k s a n d Gh i l z a i s .
(Jenkyns.) Re c e nt s o u r c e s gi ve t h e s p e l l i n g s Kat apur and Kot ar pur .
(LWA.)
KOTGA I LS
A vi l l age, 93 miles from Jal al abad, 36 miles from Far aj ghan, i n t h e
Alishang val l ey, c ons i s t i ng of 18 h o u s e s o f "pashais. " The val l ey
her e nar r ows i nt o a d e f i l e onl y a c c e s s i b l e t o hor semen di s mount ed.
(Leech .)
KOTGAI ( i n Kunar) See KOTKAI
KOTGA I &J
34-7 70-26 G. A l a r g e s c a t t e r e d vi l l age i n t h e Hi sarak s ubdi vi s i on
of t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t . 1t lies on t h e r i g h t bank of an a f f l u e n t
Of t h e Papin r i ve r , a bout 7 m i l e s sout h- by- west of ~ a z i n a , on t h e
road from t h a t pl a c e t o t h e Oq haz pas s . (1.B.C.)
* KOTGAI
$S
34-12 68-47 m. A vi l l age, a l s o cal l ed Khwaja Kotgai, l ocat ed on the
Ghazni-Kabul r oad, some 2 m i l e s nor t h o f Top Kalai. Other places
wi t h t h i s name are l oc a t e d some 10 m i l e s e a s t of Kolangar in Logar
p r o v i n c e , a t 34-5 69- 15 m.; n e a r t h e Pa k i s t a n b o r d e r , e a s t of
Sar kani i n Kunar pr ovi nce, a t 34-46 71-13 m.; on t h e Tangi river,
some 3 m i l e s n o r t h e a s t of Sper a i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce, a t 33-14 69-33
m.; on t h e Lador Khole, some 3 m i l e s w e s t of J ani khel Mangal i n
pakt i a pr ovi nce, a t 33-39 69-44 m.; i n Katawaz, Ghazni, a t 32-8 69-
10 G.; s o u t h o f A l i Khel, Pakt i a, a t 33-54 69-42 G.; s out h of Waza
i n Pakt i a, a t 33-14 69-27 G.; Sout he a s t of Matun, Khost, a t 33-18
70-11 G.; n o r t h e a s t of Al i Khel, Pakt i a, a t 33-58 69-50 G.
KOTGAI-I-0-SANGINA &$$
34- 70-. A v i l l a g e i n t h e Ch a p r i a r d i v i s i o n o f t h e Jalalabad
d i s t r i c t . Kot gai s t a n d s on t h e l e f t and Sangi na on t h e r i ght bank
of t h e Chapr i ar st r eam. About 3 m i l e s s o u t h we s t of Hadia Khel.
I nhabi t ant s Shi nwar i s, Taj ki Kakars and Mian Khels. (Jenkyns.)
KOT-I-ASHRU ,+*$
34-27 68-48 m. The d i s t r i c t c a pi t ol of Maidanshahr woleswali in
aid an pr ovi nce. In 1912 t h e a r e a was de s c r i be d a s f ol l ows ( LWA) :
A vi l l age on bot h banks of t h e Kabul r i ver , about 23 miles west by
s o u t h of Kabul. I t is s i t ua t e d a t t h e poi nt wher e t h e main road
from Her at t o Kabul l e a ve s t h e Kabul r i ver , t h e l a t t e r her e making a
g r e a t bend t o t h e s out h. The vi l l age cont ai ns (1904) some 400
f ami l i es of Ghi l zai s pos s e s s i ng about 500 head of cat t l e, 3,000
s h e e p and g o a t s and 50 hor s e s . The annual pr oduct i on of wheat and
bar l ey a ve r a ge s about 3,200 I ndi an maunds. Land-tax is assessed at
t h e r a t e of 12 kr a ns p e r j ari b.
Th e v a l l e y a t t h i s p o i n t is a b o u t 1/2 m i l e wi de and is hi ghl y
c ul t i va t e d. The c r o p s c o n s i s t most l y of bar l ey ( har ves t ed early i n
Jul y) , wheat , rice, and bakul i ( hor se- bean) . The r i ver here is
about 20 y a r d s a c r o s s and 2 f e e t deep. Room f o r a br i gade t o encamp
1s t o be f ound on t h e l e f t bank, near t h e sarai . Suppl i es are
p l e n t i f u l and f u e l is f ai r l y s o, b u t t h e r e is no gr azi ng t o be had.
J u s t s out h of Kot-i-Ashru, in t h e Sadmarda r ange, is t h e quarry
whence a l l t h e whi t e marble us ed i n t h e Kabul wor ks hops is obtained-
(Wan1 iss. )
KOTKAI #
34-43 71-1. A g r o u p of vi l l ages in t h e Kunar d i s t r i c t on t h e r i ght
bank of t h e Kunar r i ver , about 43 m i l e s from ~al al abad.
A t t h e most
nor t he r l y vi l l age of t h e gr oup t h e r e is a f e r r y a c r os s t h e river to
Pashat . Near t h e same vi l l age s t a n d s an ol d f o r t wi t h t hi c k massive
walls and bas t i ons , but t h e s e a r e i n bad r epai r . (1.B.C-1
KOTKI LF
34- 69-. El evat i on 8,290 f e e t . A vi l l age about 1/4 miles from
Bel ut on t h e road t h e n c e t o Khurd Kabul via t h e ~ h a r s h a t a l ~ 0 ~ ~ ' .
I n h a b i t a n t s : Ghi l zai s. (I.B.C.)
KRUL
A t agao i n t he Dai Zangi Country.
KSTIGIGROM (A clW r'JJ$
El evat i on 8.300 f e e t . A Kaf i r i st an v m g e , bui l t on a sl ope on t h e
r i g h t bank of t h e Pech r i ver , a bout 76 miles above Chi gha S.rai.
It
c o n s i s t s of about 90 hous es . ~t is pr obabl y t h e most sacred pldce
i n t h e whol e of Kafi ri nt an, on account of it- g r e a t ~ mr a house, i t s
mys t i c hol e i n t h e gr ound, its i r on bar pl aced i n its p r e s e n t posi -
t i on by Imra hi ms el f , and its s a c r e d s t o n e s be l i e ve d t o have on t hem
di vi ne hand wr i t i ng. I t is u n d e f e n d e d , and was a s h o r t t i m e a g o
des t r oyed by Wai Kaf i r s and Af gha ns a c t i ng t o g e t h e r . The i nhabi -
tants, l i k e t h e f e e b l e f o l k t h e y a r e , s e e k r e f u g e i n t r oubl ous times
in a l a r ge cave h i g h up i n t h e r oc ks . ( Rober t son. ) Re c e nt maps
show t he name Kasht uz. (LWA)
KT I (&I&
35-22 70-49 G. The K t i o r Katwar Kaf i r s a r e a s m a l l s ubdi vi s i on o f
t h e Kafi rs who l i v e i n t h e K t i val l ey. They have b u t t wo vi l l ages .
They a r e r oughl y e s t i ma t e d t o number 1, 000 s oul s . The K t i s t r eam
joins t h e Pech near Tsaro. ( Rober t son. ) Anot her pl a c e wi t h t h i s
name is about 20 m i l e s s o u t h we s t of Kunar, a t 34-30 70-36 G.
KUCHANGI See SHIBAR
A pl ace on t h e Helmand.
*KUCHI &
34-36 67-1 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d nor t h o f t h e Koh-i-Baba and 3 m i l e s
west of Bairi i n Bamian pr ovi nce.
KUCH I
A vi l l age in t h e Koh Daman cont ai ni ng 100 hous e s . (Kinloch.)
d
KUCHT Cap JALALABAD (DISTRICT) d
KUCHIAN OM
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Mahman Dara s ubdi vi s i on o f t h e Jal al abad
di s t r i c t . The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Kuchi s. ( Jen kyns. )
KUCHIAN-I-DAULATZAI
&,a 3hS
34- 70-. A v i l l a g e i n t h e Ch a p r i a r d i v i s i o n o f t h e J a l a l a ba d
di s t r i c t . I nha bi t a nt s ~ u c h i s . ( Jen kyns. ) A pl a c e cal l ed ~ a u l a t z a i
is l ocat ed a t 34- 18 70-23 m. (LWA)
KUCHI-I-HAZAR BUZ i u 9
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge in t h e Hi sarak di vi s i on o f t h e ~ a l a l a b a d di s -
t r i ct . I nhabi t ant s: Kuchi s. ( Jenkyns. )
*RUCHKAK &J
34-57 67-3 m. A vi l l a ge 3 miles nor t h of ~hur j i nbol aq- i - Bal a on
t h e pat h from Band-i-Amir val l ey nor t h t o t h e Dara-i-Ajir i n Bamian
province.
*KUDA I u 4
32-57 68-10 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d s o me 1 0 m i l e s n o r t h w e s t o f
Zarg hunshahr in G hazni pr ovi nce.
KUDI KHEL A ~4
34-14 69-57 m. A vi l l a ge in t h e ~ h u g i a n i count r y, 8 m i l e s s o u t h o f
Gandamak. The i nha bi t a nt s bel ong t o t h e She r z a d s e c t i on. The
vi l l age s t a n d s on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Nian Rud, and al most a t t h e
ent r ance of t h e d e f i l e whe r e t h e wat er i s s u e s from t h e hi l l s . The
count r y is ver y c onf i ne d i n t h e ne i ghbour hood, and t h e cul t i vat i on-
t er r aces a r e narrow and s t e e p , wi t h g r e a t d r o p s from one t o t h e
Other; t h e wa t e r c ut s a r e many and a t d i f f e r e n t l e ve l s . Fr ui t - t r e e s
line t h e banks of t h e s t r e a ms on e i t h e r s i d e ; mul ber r i es, a pr i c ot s ,
cher r i es , pomegr anat es, pe a r s and vi ne s bei ng t h e pr i nc i pa l var i e-
ties. In t h e vi ci ni t y t h e r e a r e good sites, a t an elevation of
5, 000 f e e t , f o r t h e encampment of small bodi e s of t r oops . and shady
g r o v e s on bot h banks of t h e st r eam would a f f o r d agr eeabl e shelter
from t h e he a t of t h e sun. ( Jenkyns, St ewart . ) Anot her place with
t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 32-36 67-38 G.
( LWA)
KUHIR KAREZ h 6 d
34- 70-. A vi l l age in t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t , 5-1/2 miles east of
Jal al abad. I t c ont a i ns some 120 f ami l i es of Taj i ks, possessi ng (in
1904) a bout 200 head of c a t t l e . The annual pr oduct i on of wheat and
b a r l e y h e r e a v e r a g e s a b o u t 18, 000 I ndi a n maunds. Revenue is
a s s e s s e d i n ki nd a t t h e r a t e of 10 p e r c e nt .
(Wanliss.)
KU J U IJ
34- 70-. A vi l l age about 7 miles s o u t h e a s t of Jalalabad. It is
famed f o r its pomegr anat es.
The r e a r e many Si k h s her e, who have a
t empl e. Though h o t in s ummer , it is cool er t han Jalalabad, and is
t h e r e f o r e somet i mes c h o s e n a s a r e t r e a t f o r some of t h e garrison of
t h a t pl ace from its e x c e s s i v e heat . (Burnes.)
KULALA (bJs)~%
34-22 69-50 m. A t r i but a r y of t h e Sur khab, whi ch it j oi ns about 3
miles nor t h of Sur k hpul . (Wanliss.)
KUL ALI
A s e c t i on of t he J i r gha Besud Hazaras.
KULAM
35-9 70-18 A. Said t o be a t r i but a r v of t h e Alinsar.
(iiy$) &
The Kafir t r i b e of t h i s name a r e sai d t o pos s e s s - f our vi l l ages, and
t o roughl y number about 3,000 souls. (Robertson.) Recent maps show
t h e name Kulatan Dara a t 35-2 70-25 m. (LWA)
KULANGER Or PUL- I -ALAM J \I;b
34-6 69-3. Kulangar is t h e name of a vi l l age and a woleswali in t he
t oga* Pr ovi nce. The wol eswal i c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 1,056 square
ki l omet er s and ha s a popul at i on whi ch ha s been vari ousl y estimated
a t from 23,860 t o 48,415. The wol eswal i is bounded in t h e west by
Baraki and Chak-i-Wardak, i n t h e nor t h by Mohammad Agha, in t he east
by Khoshi , in t h e s o u t h e a s t by Sayyid Karam and Gardez, and in t he
s o u t h we s t by Char kh. Kolangar has about 129 vi l l ages, of which
about t hi r t y- one have more t ha n 500 i nhabi t ant s. The vi l l ages are
l i s t e d in t h e PG a s f ol l ows: Bahram Khel, ~al a- i - Saf ed, Peyado
Khel , Mulla Inam, Mi rwal , Qarya-i-Kaji, Qal a-i -Shadi Khan, Mango
Khel, Rah-i-Khos hi , Qala-i-Sha kar , Tat or, paye Khel, Qala-i-Musa~
Qa a - i - ~ e y a s Khan, Hud Khel, Kutub Khel wa Marbutat, Neyazi, Qala-i-
Kh wal a A k ba r , Qala-i-Boc ha , Qa l a - i - ~l i Khan, Dawud Khel, ~al a- i -
Sa d a t Khan, Qal a-i -Mi rza Ab d u r - r a h ma n , Ba bus , g a l a - i - s a ~ e d
HabibuUah, Qarya-i-Darak, Qal a- i - ~i r Alam, Shash Qala, Khal Karez,
Hunai Suf l a, Abchakan, Baydak, ~ a l a - i - ~ a k a r n , Qala-i-Nau, ~ e h - i -
Mug hul an, Ba k h s habad, Qala-i-Ibrahim Khan, Pad ~h wab-i-Shana, S e ~ a h
Koh , Qarya-i-A10 zai, Meyanur, Qala-i- Wazir, ~ala-i-Malik Nur Mohdr
Qala-i-Rahmatullah , Qala-i-Sayed Hasan, ~ a l a - i - ~ h mad, Qala-i-sabzak,
Qal a-i -Khwaj a Baba, Deh Kul angar , ~ a r y a - i - ~ o y a k , Qala-i-Mulla
Abdul l a h, Malik, Qal a- i - Shahi , Pur ak Shag h a s i , ~ a l a - i - ~ a r f ~ r
Al t amur , J a wazar , G h a r b Khel , As p a s i t , Honi Saydan, s a ye dha ,
Hesarak, Qala-i-Mamai wa Doshanba, Narnida, Ata wa Dah ~ o ~ h a n b ~ r
Qala-1-Ahmad Khan wa Ata, ~ a l a - i - z a r d a d , ~a l a - i - Sa r - i - s a n q r
Dughabad, Kamal Khel, Balut Khel, Harun Khel, Kunjak, Muhajer. Iard
Gulf Qala-i-Arab Khan, Qala-i-Hakim, Shah Hakim, Qala-i-Juma, Gadaye
~hel -i -Qal a-i -G h a f f a r , Sh u l u k , Qala-i-Mir Taqi Shah, Qala-i-Ahmad
shah, Qala-iQezel Bash, Qala-i-Mir Sal eh, Qala-i-Sayed Husain, Qala-
i-Mir Qader Shah, Qala-i-Darab, Qala-i-Sayed Nur, Qala-i-Haf i zul l a,
~ala-i-Baba Khan, Qala-i-Khwaja Faze1 Ahmad, ~ a l a - i - Su l t a n Ahmad,
~a l a - i - Sa r i - i - K h a k a , Qal a- i - Taza G u l , Qal a- i - Khai r ul l a, ~ a l a - i -
~ b d ulla Jan, Qala-i-Mir Sayed Mahmud, Qala-i-Sayed Ahmad, Qala-i-
~a hi r , Qala-i-Mir ul l a, Qala-i-sardar , Qala-i-Mir Sayed Hasan, Qala-
i-Saber, Qala-i-Mahand, Qala-i-Baz Gul, Qala-i-Mirza Nazar Mohammad,
~ala-i-Malik Ayub, Qala-i-Mir Azimulla, Qala-i-Sher A l i , Qala-i-Sher
Jan, Qala-i-Kotagai, Kodali, Qala-i-Hamid Khan, ~al a- i - Akhund Zadeh,
ham-i-Hindu, Qal a-i -Haj i Sayed Gul, Pas Ab, Qala-i-Mohd Sarwar
Khan, Qala-i-Nau-i-Kulankar, Deh Nau-i-Kulan kar , Qala-i-Sa k h i d a d ,
Qala-i-G h ulam Mirak , Qala-i-Bas h i r , D e h Nau-i-Aminulmulk, Qala-i-
Abdul Aziz, Qala-i-Jalal, Kotad, Ashi nur, C hu wi , and Qater. (LWA)
In 1914 t h e vi l l age was de s c r i be d a s f ol l ows: A l a r g e vi l l age in
t he s out her n di vi s i on of t h e Logar d i s t r i c t , s i t ua t e d on t h e l e f t
bank of t h e Logar r i ver , a t about 18 miles s out h of Saiyidabad
(Zahidabad). I t i nc l ude s s e ve r a l de t a c he d f o r t i f i e d haml et s, wi t h
nearly 1,000 hous e s in all, i nhabi t ed by Khwajas ( Hazar as) , ~ a j i k s
and Saiyids. In 1905 Muhammad Rasul Khan, Mulla Khel, Powi ndah, was
Naib-Hakim of Kulangar and t h e Maliks of t h e vi l l age were Mulla
Khwaja Afzal, Abdul Rasul, Abbas and Muhammad Rasul. Ther e is a
f i ne open plain on t h e l e f t bank of t h e r i ve r whi ch would af f or d
unlimited s pa c e f o r campi ng, wi t h wat er from t h e r i ver ; s u p p l i e s a r e
abundant . (1.B.C.)
KULMAN
ir Ld
A vi l l age in Lag hman. I nhabi t ant s: Kohi st ani s. (Warburton.)
KULU J
A sect i on of t he Chahar Dasta Hazaras.
*KUMARKHEL &.,u
34-18 69-50 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed on a t r i but ar y of t h e Sur khab in
western Nangarhar pr ovi nce.
KUMRAKH CIA
34-39 66-17. A gl e n dr ai ni ng nor t h and debouchi ng i nt o t h e Sar-i-
Jangal valley a t Kat l i sh.
KUNA I J
34-35 70-40 A. A s m a l l vi l l age on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Kunar
river, about 18 m i l e s from Jalalabad. Ther e is a s quadr on of caval-
rY quar t er ed her e. (I.B.C.)
KUNAR $
From t h e 1960s t o t h e 1970s a pr ovi nce in e a s t e r n Af ghani st an whi ch
has s i nce been mer ged wi t h Nangarhar, formi ng its nor t he r n por t i on.
Kunar is di vi ded i nt o t h e d i s t r i c t s of Chag ha Sarai (Formerl y Kunar
and now Asadabad), Bar Kunar ( f or mer l y Asmar), Pi ch, Chawki , Khas
Kunar, Sir kannai, ~ a md e s h , Bargey Matal, ~ a r a n i / ~ a d i l , Chapadara,
Narai, Nur Gul , and Dangom. For a view of t h e d i s t r i c t map, see
Nangarhar ent r y. For d i s t r i c t l i s t s compi l ed by t h e Af ghan Depart -
ment of St a t i s t i c s of t h e Ministry of ~ g r i c u l t u r e and I r r i gat i on see
t he f ol l owi ng s i x pages. ( LWA) In 1914 t h e ar ea of Kunar was
descr i bed a s f ol l ows: The Kunar d i s t r i c t c o n s i s t s of t h e val l ey o f
t hat name. I t is bounded on t h e e a s t and s out he a s t by t h e Kabul
T3appa-r range, nor t hwest by t h e Kashmund range, w e s t by Laghmant and
by Jalalabad. Thes e boundar i es ar e, however , not accur at el y
def i ned, and i n a map f ur ni s he d by t h e ex-Badshah of Kunar (Sayyid
CHAGHA SARAY
(KONAR, ASADABAD)
BAR KONAR (ASMAR)
PlCH
CHAWKl
KHAS KONAR
SIRKANAY
KAMDESH
BARGEYMATAL
NARANJIBADIL
CHAPA DARA
NARAY
NUR GUL
DANGOM
TOTAL
ESTMATE OF AGRICULTURAL POPULATION AND AREA UNDER CULTIVATION
Agricultural
Population
Landlor cis Lands under Cultivation in Jaribs
Irrigated Non-lrrig. Total
Lands under Cultivation in Hectares
Irrigated Non-Irrig. Total
CHAGHA SAMY
(KONAR, AS ADABAD)
BAR KONAR (ASMAR)
PICH
CHAWKI
KHAS KONAR
S IRKANAY
KAMDESH
BARGEY MATAL
NARANJ /BAD1 L
CHAPA DARA
NARAY
NUR GUL
DANGOM
STATISTICAL ESTIMATE OF LIVESTOCK BY WOLESWALIS AND ALAKADARIS
Sheep
TOTAL 65,870
Karakul Goats
Sheep
Cattle
577
2,940
9,365
8,635
2,680
2,005
5,360
3,2 10
3,325
5,311
4,522
8,290
4,230
60,450
Buffaloes
424
32 6
-
345
507
37 1
-
-
5 10
-
-
327
-
2,8 10
Camels
7
-
32
3
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
30
64
140
Horses
7
1
100
40
-
-
164
570
35
80
5 2
5 8
83
1,190
Donkeys
1,166
1,730
1,251
1,164
1,440
1,121
1,835
1,910
1,192
1,162
1,690
1,128
141
16,930
Mules Poultry
PRODUCTION OF AGRlCULTURAL CROPS-IN KABUL1 SEERS
CHAGHA SARAY
(KONAR, ASADABAD)
BAR KONAR (ASMAR)
PICH
CHAWKI
KHAS KONAR
SIRKANAY
KAMDESH
BARCEH MATAL
NARANJIBADIL
CHAPA DARA
NARAY
NUR GUL
DANGOM
TOTAL
Irrigated
Grains
Non-Irrig. Total Vegetables
Other Crops
I ndustrid Other Temp.
Crops Crops
Fruits
LAND UNDER IRRIGATION AND SOURCES OF IRRIGATION
Canals
CHAGHA SARAY
(KONAR, ASADABAD) 5,69 0
BAR KONAR
(AS MAR) 6,346
PICH 26,330
CHAWKI 7,630
KHAS KONAR 1,875
SIRKANAY 7,570
KAMDESH 10,620
BARGEY MATAL 1,780
NARANJ/BADIL 5,990
CHAPA DARA 12,640
NARAY 8, 280
NUR GUL 14,240
DANGOM $9 59
TOTAL 112,950
Area in Jaribs
Springs Karez Wells Total Canals
Number of Sources
Springs Karez Wells Water Mds
TOTAL CULTIVABLE LAND, BY CROPS-IN KABUL1 JAMBS
Grains
Irrigated Non-Irrig.
CHAGA SARAY
(JIBARM ASADBAD) 6,680
BAR KONAR (ASMAR) 7, 590
PlCH 32,380
CHAWKI 12,790
KHAS KONAR 2,270
SIRKANAY 8,760
KAMDESH 12,900
BARGEYMATAL 2,160
NAFUNJIBADIL 7,080
CHAPA DARA 14,890
NARAY 1,530
NURGUL 16,580
DANGOM 4,890
TOTAL 130,500 7,700
Total Vegetables Industrial
Crops
Other
Crops
Fruits Total
Cultivated
Land
TOTAL CULTIVABLE LANDS-IN KABUL1 JARIBS
CHAGHA SARAY (KONAR,
AS ADAB AD)
BAR KONAR (ASMAR)
PICH
CHAWKI
KHAS KONAR
SIRKANAY
KAMDESH
BARGEY MATAL
NARANJIBADIL
CHAPA DARA
NARAY
NUR GUL
DANGOM
Total
TOTAL 1, 945, 440
Pastures Forests Under
Cultivation
Fallow
Lands
Mahmud) i n 1892, t h e bounda r i e s of t h e Kunar d i s t r i c t ( as it was in
h i s t i m e ) onl y i n c l u d e t h e l ow s p u r s and val l ey on ei t her si de of
t h e r i ve r . I t t h e n e x t e n d e d a s f a r up t h e val l ey a s Chi gha Sarai.
The Kunar r i v e r rises i n a gl a c i e r on t h e s o u t h s i d e of t h e Hindu
~ u s h , n o r t h e a s t of t h e Dar kot pa s s .
From its s our c e t o Mastuj,
it is known a s t h e Yar khun, t h e n c e t o Chi t r a l a s t h e Mastuj thence
t o a bout Asmar a s t h e Chi t r a l or Kashkar , and f i nal l y a s t h e Kunar.
his a r t i c l e d e a l s onl y wi t h t h a t por t i on o f t h e st r eam
which runs
whol l y or pa r t l y t h r o u g h Af ghan t e r r i t or y- - t ha t is, from t h e mouth
o f t h e Ba s hgul t o t h e Kunar-Kabul c o n f l u e n c e near Jalalabad. Within
t h e s e l i m i t s t h e e l e va t i on of t h e val l ey r a n g e s bet ween 3,000 and
1, 900 f e e t .
he des cr i pt i on given below has been adapt ed from a r epor t furnished
by ~ i e u t e n a n t W. Col d s t r eam, H.E., who accompani ed t h e Br i t i sh party
o f t h e Af gha n- Ba j a ur Bo u n d a r y Del i mi t at i on Commission, 1894-95.
pr e vi ous t o t h a t t i m e w e knew v e r y little r e ga r di ng t h e Kunar valley
p r o p e r l y s o- cal l ed, a s it d o e s n o t a p p e a r t h a t any Englishman had
e v e r y b e f o r e v i s i t e d it above Kunar i t s e l f :
"In gi vi ng a ge ne r a l d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e val l ey it w i l l be as well to
c o n s i d e r it i n t wo por t i on, an u p p e r and a l ower , which di f f er
c ons i de r a bl y i n c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s and r e s our c e s . The t wo portions
howe ve r me r ge i n t o one a n o t h e r and a r e n o t ve r y cl ear l y defi ned.
Th e terms u p p e r and l owe r val l ey a r e n o t us e d by t h e i nhabi t ant s.
"Narang, 47 m i l e s by r oad from Jal al abad, may be c ons i de r e d as t he
p o i n t o f di vi s i on.
"Lower valley--The g e n e r a l wi dt h of t h e l ower val l ey is about 1-1/2
miles b a y s o f f e r t i l e l e v e l g r o u n d a l t e r n a t i n g wi t h narrower
p o r t i o n s whe r e t h e s p u r s from t h e h i l l s on e i t h e r s i d e run down to
t h e r i ve r , whi ch f l o ws i n s e v e r a l c ha nne l s and is unconf i ned by high
banks . Towa r ds t h e s o u t h t h e val l ey is ve r y f e r t i l e and t hi ckl y
popul a t e d, t h e r o a d s a r e ve r y f a i r and t h e f i e l d s a r e i r r i gat ed by a
r e gul a r s ys t e m of c a na l s and r aj bahas. The ge ne r a l appear ance of
t h e c ount r y is much t h e same a s t h a t of t h e more f e r t i l e por t i ons of
t h e Jal al abad pl ai n o r t h e Pes hawar val l ey. Tr ees, Mostly tama-
r i s k s , mul ber r i es , wal nut s and c hi na r , a r e numer ous round t h e vil-
l a g e s and on t h e r oa ds i de . The i nha bi t a nt s a r e ~ a f i s and al t hough
t h i s por t i on of t h e val l ey is s ai d t o b e ver y f e ve r i s h in autumn,
t h e y a p p e a r he a l t hy and w e l l de ve l ope d. ( Anot her account descr i bes
t h e i nha bi t a nt s of. t h e l owe r val l ey t h u s : " t h e ~ u n a r i is a rice-
e a t e r , wi t h poor phys i que , and is pr obabl y not a g r e a t f i ght i ng man.
H e wear s a l ong c oa t but t one d down t h e f r o n t , and a pai r of very
ba ggy t r o u s e r s ; h e d o e s n o t a wear a kulla...he t a l ks ~as ht u. " )
A r m s a r e n o t ge ne r a l l y c a r r i e d, and t h e r e is an a i r of pr osper i t y
a bout t h e c r owde d vi l l ages . On t h e l e f t bank of t h e ri ver the
c ount r y is not s o popul ous a s on t h e r i g h t bank, t h e hi l l s r i s e f r om
wi t hi n hal f a m i l e o f t h e r i ve r and communi cat i ons a r e probably bad,
a s t h e main r o u t e t o t h e vi l l a ge s on t h a t s i d e is by t h e road on the
r i g h t bank and f e r r i e s .
"The r i ve r is s ai d t o be f or da bl e i n wi nt er in pl aces where it
s p r e a d s o u t i n numer ous c ha nne l s , b u t no f o r d s were poi nt ed out
t h e Del i mi t at i on Commi ssi on of 1894-95, and t h e e xi s t i ng ones mu s t
b e sel dom us e d.
Fe r r i e s a r e numer ous and c o n s i s t of t h e ordinary
c ount r y boa t or a r a f t of masaks r unni ng on a cabl e. (The Ami r is
s ai d ( 1907) t o be bui l di ng b r i d g e s over t h e r i ve r .
"The pa r i s , or pl a c e s whe r e t h e val l ey is bl ocked by s p u r s running
down t o t h e r i v e r on e i t h e r s i d e , a r e a c ha r a c t e r i s t i c feat ure of
t h e l owe r val l ey. They a r e ge ne r a l l y good d e f e n s i v e Posi t i ons and
command t h e ground on e i t he r s i d e of t h e river. A t t h e points where
t h e r oad c r o s s e s t h e s e pa r i s t h e r e is al ways a t ower hel d by an
Afghan pos t of 9 men.
"The c h i e f vi l l a ge s i n t h i s por t i on o f t h e val l ey ar e: t h e g r o u p s
of Shi gal and Shewa vi l l a ge s i n t h e f e r t i l e pl ai n one march f r om
j al al abad, t h e t w o O r t h r e e Nur ga l v i l l a g e s ( 2 6 miles f r om
jalalabad), t h e Chow k i v i l l a g e s (37 m i l e s f r om Jal al abad) , t h e Kunar
v i l l a g e s on t h e l e f t ba nk o f t h e r i v e r ( a b o u t 3 2 miles f r om
j al al abad) , t h e ~ o t k a i a n d Naran v i l l a g e s (43--47 m i l e s f r om
j dal abad) , and t h e ol d t own of Pa s ha t wi t h its r oyal r e s i d e n c e and
pl easur e g a r d e n s o p p o s i t e Kot kai on t h e l e f t bank. Ex c e p t whe r e
ot he r wi s e s t a t e d t h e above pl a c e s a r e on t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e
r i ver .
"The hi l l s boundi ng t h e val l ey on t h e n o r t h we s t s i d e a r e known a s
t h e ~ a s h mu n d r ange, whi ch rises t o near l y 14, 000 f e e t and p r e s e n t s a
very wild and c r a g g y appear ance; t h e s u m m i t s a r e snow cl ad f o r t h e
gr eat er p a r t of t h e year , and t h e h i g h e r s l o p e s a r e c ove r e d wi t h
deodar and oak f o r e s t s . In t h e nar r ow val l eys whi ch p e n e t r a t e f a r
i nt o t h e recesses o f t h e r a nge a r e s ai d t o be numer ous vi l l a ge s and
pa t c he s of cul t i vat i on.
"The Mohmand h i l l s ( cal l ed by u s t h e Kabul Ts appar , but t h e name is
not l ocal l y r e c o g n i s e d .) boundi ng t h e val l ey on t h e s o u t h e a s t whi ch
r i s e gr adual l y a s t h e val l ey is a s c e n d e d till t h e y cul mi nat e i n a
peak bet ween 8, 000 and 9,000 f e e t h i g h above Kunar, a r e of a d i f f e r -
e nt nat ure. Devoid of trees, e x c e p t i n t h e s h e l t e r e d r avi nes , t h e
f e a t ur e s and s l o p e s a r e ge ne r a l l y r ounde d and c ove r e d wi t h g r a s s .
Passes over t h i s r a nge i n t o t h e Mohmand c ount r y are s ai d t o b e
fai rl y numerous and eas y. Hi gher u p t h e val l ey t h e r e is an e a s y
pass cal l ed t h e Nawa Kandao from Dunai o p p o s i t e Narang t o Nawagai i n
Lower Bajaur. The crest of t h i s p a s s is j u s t unde r 6, 000 f e e t i n
he i ght , and t h e r oad is pa s s a bl e f o r mul es a l l t h e year r ound and is
in c ons t a nt use. -
"The f i g h t i n g s t r e n g t h of t h e l owe r val l ey may be t a ke n a t be t we e n
4,000 and 5,000 men a t a r ough appr oxi mat i on.
"The Upper val l ey. A f e w miles above Narang t h e val l ey c o n t r a c t s t o
a narrow g o r g e i n and above whi ch t h e r i ve r f l o ws i n one d e e p ,
narrow c ha nne l wi t h r o c k y banks. Cul t i vat i on is onl y f ound i n t h e
valleys of t h e t r i but a r y s t r e a ms and on t h e l e v e l gr ound a t and near
t h e mout hs of t h e s e val l eys. In many pl a c e s , e ve n whe r e t h e r e is a
consi der abl e e x p a n s e of f a i r l y l e v e l gr ound t h e r e is no c ul t i va t i on
owing t o t h e s c a r c i t y of wat er . Es peci al l y is t h i s t h e c a s e on t h e
Plain bet ween Narang and t h e g o r g e above ment i oned. Here t h e r e a r e
t h e t r a c e s of an a nc i e nt canal whi ch a p p e a r s n o t t o have been us e d
f o r some g e n e r a t i o n s . Th e Af g h a n s a r e a t p r e s e n t ( 1895)
cons t r uct i ng a new canal whi ch w i l l br i ng wat er from t h e Pech r i ve r ,
which e n t e r s t h e Kunar a t Chi gha Sarai , a bout 10 m i l e s above Narang.
The wi dt h of t h e val l ey a bove Narang is sel dom over a qua r t e r of a
mile, and in many pl a c e s t h e hi l l s rise d i r e c t l y from t h e r i ve r
banks.
Tr e e s a r e ve r y s c a r c e : onl y a f e w mul ber r i es and c hi na r s .
''The pr i nci pal vi l l a ge s ar e: Chi gha Sarai, a gr oup o f l a r g e vi l -
l ages wi t h a f o r t a t t h e a f f l u e n c e of t h e Pech r i ve r (57 miles from
Jalalabad); t h e Shi ga l vi l l age on t h e Shi ga l st r eam (68 m i l e s from
Jalalabad); Marawara a l a r g e vi l l age of Mamunds on t h e l e f t bank o f
t h e r i ver o p p o s i t e Chi gha Sarai; t h e Shur t an vi l l ages , Mamunds and
Salarzais, a t t h e mout h of t h e Shur t a n Dara o p p o s i t e Shi gal ; and t h e
town and cant onment s of Asmar a t t h e mout h o f t h e Asmar Dara on t h e
l e f t bank of t h e r i ve r (77 m i l e s from Jal al abad) . Here t h e r e is an
Old f o r t f or mer l y t h e r e s i d e n c e o f t h e Khans of Asmar. In t h e
wer e qua r t e r e d (1894 and 1895) a f o r c e of 7, 000 Af ghan
regul ar t r oops , t h e o b j e c t of whi ch be f o r e t h e C hi t r a l e x pe di t i on
Was t o hol d t h e main r oad from Bajaur ( by t h e Bi nshi p a s s up t h e
Asmar Dara), and t o b e i n r e a d i n e s s t o a c t a g a i n s t Umra Kha n' s
on t h e Bajaur s i d e o r t h e Kaf i r s on t h e nor t h and w e s t .
" ~ b o v e Asmar t h e p r i n c i p a l v i l l a g e s a r e Bar gam, Nawa Kala and
as hag am (82, 8 3 and 8 5 mi l e s , r e p e c t i v e l y , f r om Jal al abad), Chundak
(87 mi l e s ) , Sao (89 m i l e s ) , Nari and Arnawai (99 m i l e s f r om Jala-
bad) .
he l a s t t h r e e p l a c e s lie on t h e l e f t bank.
A s hor t way
a bove Arnawai t h e Ba s hgul r i ve r e n t e r s t h e Kunar, and above t hi s
p o i n t t h e v a e y f or ms p a r t of Chi t r al . (On t h e r i g h t bank of t he
Kunar t h e e a s t e r n wa t e r s he d of t h e Ba s hgul val l ey f or ms t h e Afghan-
Chi t r a l boundar y whi l e on t h e l e f t bank t h e s o u t h e r n wat er shed of
t h e Arnawai is t h e di vi di ng line. )
" ~ b o v e Narang t h e r i v e r is n o t f or da bl e ; t h e r e a r e f e r r i e s a t the
p r i n c i p a l v i l l a g e s a n d b r i d g e s a t Asmar , J a l a l a ( 5 miles above
Asmar), Sao and Arnawai. A b r i d g e is s a i d (1907) t o be under con-
s t r u c t i o n a t Sar kani al s o.
" ~ x c l u s i v e o f t h e army, t h e f i g h t i n g s t r e n g t h of t h e valley above
Narang t o t h e f r o n t i e r may be r oughl y e s t i ma t e d a t 2,000 men; t hi s
i n c l u d e s small c ol oni e s o f Shi n war i s, f or c i bl y s e t t l e d by Abdur
Rahman a f t e r h i s
Shi n wari campai gns at d i f f e r e n t poi nt s t o a c t as a
b o r d e r mi l i t i a and p r e v e n t r a i di ng from Bajaur on one hand and
Kaf i r i s t an on t h e o t h e r . Above, A s m a r t h e i nha bi t a nt s appear t o be
o f t h e same r a c e a s t h e Chi t r a l i s ; a s a r ul e t h e y a r e small and
emaci at ed. The l a n g u a g e s i n u s e i n t h i s por t i on o f t h e valley are
Chi t r a l i , Pu s h t u and Kafir. Pus ht u a p p e a r s t o b e gener al l y under-
s t ood.
"The h i l l s on t h e n o r t h and w e s t s i d e o f t h e val l ey rise t o over
15, 000 f e e t ; t h e summi t s a r e c ove r e d wi t h snow a l l t h e year round,
and t h e r ange is cl ot hed with deodar, oak and pi ne f or est s. Markhor
a r e numer ous; p h e a s a n t s and c h i k o r a r e f a i r l y abundant . On t he
o t h e r s i d e o f t h e r i ve r , bel ow Asmar t h e h i l l s a r e l i k e t h e Mohmand
h i l l s a l r e a dy d e s c r i b e d , whi l e a bove Asmar is t h e Uchi r i range
( 13, 000' ) , o f much t h e same c h a r a c t e r a s t h e Kafir moutains, but On
a much smaller s cal e. The wa t e r s he d on t h i s s i d e r uns parallel to
t h e r i v e r and is 4 t o 8 m i l e s from it; t h a t on t h e r i g h t bank i s
d i s t a n t 1 0 t o 20 m i l e s . The cl i mat e of t h e upe r por t i on of t he
val l ey is o n e o f e x t r e me s , i n wi nt e r snow lies occasi onal l y in t he
bot t om o f t h e val l ey i t s e l f , whi l e i n summer t h e h e a t is sai d t o be
ve r y gr e a t . Asmar is ve r y unhe a l t hy, e s pe c i a l l y i n t h e f e ve r Season
(aut umn), b u t t h i s is pr obabl y d u e a s much t o d e f e c t i v e sanitation
and ove r c r owdi ng a s t o climate. "
Gener al . From Jal al abad a good camel-road r u n s up t h e r i g h t bank of
t h e r i v e r t o A s m a r wh e r e it c r o s s e s t h e r i v e r and cont i nues t hence
al ong t h e l e f t bank t o Bi r kot .
Lat er al communi cat i ons from t h e r i g h t bank i n a wes t er l y di rect i on
a r e f e w and d i f f i c u l t , bei ng c onf i ne d a s f a r a s w e know, t o a road
l e a di ng f r om Ch i g h a Sar ai up t h e Pech Dara and over t h e Kama Bida
p a s s i n t o Badakhs han, and a n o t h e r f r om Bi r kot up t h e ~ a s h g u l to
Kamdesh and t h e Mandal pa s s . The f or mer is known t o be fit
mul es; o f t h e l at t er little is known,
b u t it is bel i eved t o be fi t
f o r mul es a t any r a t e a s f a r a s Ahmad Diwana, 60 miles from Bi r kot *
Prom t h e l e f t bank a number o f t r a c k s c r o s s t h e wat er shed into
Mohmand c ount r y and Bajaur; t h e s e are, however , f o r t h e most part
mere f o o t p a t h s , u n f i t f o r l a de n mules.
Accor di ng t o t h e s e c ond e d i t i o n o f t h i s Gazet t eer , t h e
e x c l u s i v e o f Asmar is s ai d i n unf avour abl e s e a s o n s t o yi el d a
nue amount i nq t o a bout R60,000, and i n f avour abl e year s t o yield One
r eachi ng ~80; 000.
For mer l y r h e val l ey was unde r t h e r ul e of a fami l y of Sayyids, but
Sayyi d Mahmud, known a s t h e Bads hah of Kunar, who is t h e present
r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of t h e family, r e be l l e d a g a i n s t Abdur Rahman in 1882.
and bei ng e x p e l l e d by him s o u g h t r e f u g e i n Br i t i s h t er r i t or y.
In
1905 h e was pe r mi t t e d t o r e t u r n t o A gha ni s t a n by t h e pr e s e nt Amirf
but has not been r e s t o r e d t o any o f h i s f or mer power i n Kunar. The
history of t h e s e S y y i d s is t h u s summarised by MacGregor:
"From t h e t i m e o f Hamayun u p t o t h e commencement of t h e r e i g n of
Shah ~h~j +ul - Mul k, t h e S y y i d s o f Kunar he l d undi s t ur be d p o s s e s s i o n
of t h e pr ovi nce, and would i n all pr obabi l i t y have c ont i nue d t o
enjoy t h e same place had not Sayyid Najif es pous ed t h e cause of Shah
mhmud, when he was cont endi ng with hi s el der br ot her Shah Zaman f or
t he kingdom of Afghanistan.
"The t r e a c he r y of Ahmad Khan Nurzai, a s is w e l l known, ga ve an
unhappy t ur n t o t h e f o r t u n e s o f Shah Zaman, who was i n c o n s e q u e n c e
de s e r t e d by h i s army a t Karabagh ( near Ghazni ) and compel l ed t o make
a has t y r e t r e a t t o Jal al abad, wi t h a f e w f ol l owe r s onl y, whe r e h e
commenced col l ect i ng hi s t r oops with a view of making anot her e f f o r t
t o r egai n h i s ki ngdom; b u t on Sayyi d Najif l eavi ng Pa s ha t wi t h a
l ar ge army, i nt e ndi ng t o a t t a c k H i s Maj est y, t h e monar ch f l e d t o
Pesh Bolak and t ook r e f u g e i n t h e f o r t of Ashur Shi nwar i , whe r e h e
was bet r ayed, i mpr i s one d, and subsequent l y blinded.
"This c onduc t on t h e p a r t of Sayyi d Najif t o wa r d s H i s Maj est y' s ill-
f at ed br ot he r i nduc e d Sha h Shuja-ul-Mulk, i n t h e commencement of
A.D. 1803, t o s e nd an e x p e d i t i o n a g a i n s t him, whi ch h e pl aced u n d e r
t h e command of Arz Begi , Akram Khan, Popal zai . The e x p e d i t i o n had
scar cel y r e a c he d ' Kuli-gram,' a vi l l a ge d i s t a n t from Pa s ha t a f e w
miles only, when Sayyi d Najif wi t h h i s fami l y f l e d t o t h e ne i g hbour -
ing hi l l s and t ook r e f u g e i n t h e val l ey o f Denagul.
"Adram Khan and t h e Sayyid had long been on f r i endl y terms with each
ot her , and t h i s l e d t o an i n t r i g u e be t we e n t hem, whi ch d e f e a t e d i n a
gr e a t measur e t h e o b j e c t of t h i s e xpe di t i on. Akram Khan a c c e p t e d
from t h e Sayyi d a br i be o f R5,000 t o wi t hdr aw t h e t r o o p s f r om Kunar;
but it became ne c e s s a r y i n doi ng s o t h a t H i s Maj est y s houl d b e made
s a t i s f i e d, and t h e Sayyi d a c c or di ngl y ga ve u p one of h i s s o n s (Mohi-
ud- di n) a s a h o s t a g e t o e n s u r e i n f u t u r e h i s l o y a l t y a nd g o o d
conduct . Akram Khan r e t ur ne d t o Jal al abad and t h e Sayyi d t o h i s
capi t al . Subs e que nt l y, on t h e a s c e nda nc y of t h e Barak zai b r o t h e r s ,
Muhammad Zaman Khan was appoi nt ed Governor of JaLaLabad, and s hor t l y
a f t e r wa r ds h e r e qui r e d of Sayyi d Najif t h a t t h e d i s t r i c t of Shewa
shoul d be a nne xe d t o t h a t o f Jal al abad; t h i s t h e Sayyi d d i s p u t e d .
Both pa r t i e s as s embl ed t r o o p s on t h e i r r e s p e c i v e f r o n t i e r s , an
engagement t ook pl ace, and on Muhammad Zaman bei ng wounded i n t h e
s houl der by a cannon s h o t , whi ch f or t una t e l y f o r him f i r s t s t r u c k
t h e gr ound, h e wi t hdr e w h i s t r o o p s and r e t r e a t e d t o Jal al abad.
"In A.D. 1 8 2 1 Muhammad Azim Khan, t h e e l d e s t o f t h e Ba r a kz a i
br ot her s , was moving wi t h an army f r om Kabul t o Peshawar , and t o o k
t h i s oppor t uni t y of pr oc e e di ng a ga i ns t t h e r e be l l i ous Sayyi d. On
t h e a ppr oa c h of Muhammad Azim, Sayyi d Najif f l e d t o Chi g ha Sar ai
wi t h h i s f a mi l y a nd p r o p e r t y , b u t h e was t h e r e o v e r t a k e n ,
i mpr i soned, and s t a n d s o f ar ms val ued a t R85,000 were t a ke n from
him, b e s i d e s camel s, h o r s e s , and hous e hol d f ur ni t ur e . The Sayyi d
and hi s family were pl aced on r a f t s and conveyed t o Peshawar .
Muhammad Azim Khan l e f t h i s s on Akram Khan t o be a s s i s t e d by Mirza
Agha Jan, Gover nor of Jal al abad, i n c h a r g e of t h e pr ovi nc e o f Kunar;
h e t h e n p r o c e e d e d o n h i s r e t u r n t o J a l a l a ba d, a nd t h e n c e t o
Peshawar, whe r e h e remai ned dur i ng t h e wi nt er mont hs, t h e d e p o s e d
S a ~ ~ i d and h i s fami l y a l s o remai ni ng wi t h him. In vain Muhammad
Azim a t t e mpt e d t o c onc i l i a t e Sayyi d Najif. H e o f f e r e d t o pl a c e a t
his di s pos a l t e r r i t o r y yi e l di ng R40,000 annual l y, but t h e o f f e r was
decl i ned, t h e Sayyi d s ol i c i t i ng onl y t o be pe r mi t t e d t o v i s i t a t
Kunar t h e tomb of h i s a nc e s t or , Sayyid Al i . Thi s r e q u e s t was a t
l engt h compl i ed wi t h, and t h e Sayyid pur s ue d h i s pi l gr i mage. On
Kunar, h e went t h e n c e t o Bajaur, and c r o s s e d ove r t h e h i l l s
i nt o h i s own val l ey; t h e r e h e r a i s e d h i s own s t a nda r d, and was
s h o r t l y s ur r ounde d by numer ous a d h e r e n t s , and commenced besi egi ng
young ~ k r a m and Mirza Agha Jan,
who had t a k e n up a pos i t i on in t he
f o r t o f ~ a y y i d ~ h m a d whi ch t h e y br avel y d e f e n d e d unt i l reinforce-
ment s r eached them from Kabul, headed by Nawab Jabar Khan and Habib
ul l a ~ h a n ( t h e e l d e s t s on o f Muhammad Azim Khan).
Peace was ef f ect -
e d be t we e n t h e c o n t e n d i n g p a r t i e s on t h e c ondi t i ons t h a t Sayyid
~ a j i f was t o be r e i n s t a t e d i n h i s gover nment , h i s s on Baha-ud-din to
be h i s ~ i e u t e n a n t , and t h e d i s t r i c t of Shewa t o b e hencef or t h an-
n e x e d t o t h e Jal al abad Gover nment . Sayyi d Najif and hi s son t hus
s ha r i ng i n t h e r u l e o f t h e Count r y, an i l l - f eel i ng was engendered
be t we e n t he m, whi ch Muhammad Azim he a r i ng of d i d not f ai l t o work
upon. H e d e s i r e d t h e r e f o r e t h a t Baha-ud-din s oul d s e i z e and im-
p r i s o n h i s f a t h e r ,
o r i nc ur h i s (Muhammad Azim' s) s e r i ous displeas-
ur e. The s o n a c c or di ngl y s e i z e d and c onf i ne d h i s f a t h e r but a t t he
same t i m e t r e a t e d him ve r y ki ndl y, and a f t e r a f e w mont hs gave him
h i s r e l e a s e . The f a t h e r , howe ve r , n o t f or gi vi ng t h i s i nj ury, united
wi t h all h i s s o n s t o puni s h Baha-ud-din, who f l e d i nt o Sayyid Ah-
mad' s f o r t , wh e r e h e s t o o d a s i e g e f o r t h r e e mont hs ai ded by Fath-
ul l a Khan, Mohmand, b u t f i n d i n g t h a t t h e oppos i ng par t y was too
s t r o n g f o r him h e f l e d wi t h h i s fami l y ta Gosht a.
"About A.D. 1824 Mir Alam Khan o f Bajaur t h r e a t e n e d t o invade t he
t e r r i t o r y of h i s c ous i n, A mi r Khan of Nawagai, when t h e l at t er
a p p l i e d t o Sayyi d Najif f o r a s s i s t a n c e , whi ch was r eadi l y grant ed,
and t h e Sayyi d p r o c e e d e d t o Nawagai wi t h a l a r g e f or ce. Mir Alam
Khan, he a r i ng of t h i s movement , wi t hdr e w h i s t r o o p s t o Bajaur. It
was a t t h i s pe r i od, and a t Nawagai, i n p r e s e n c e of a l a r ge assembly
o f c h i e f s a t whi c h h i s f a t h e r p r e s i d e d , t h a t Sayyid Faki r stabbed
and ki l l e d h i s b r o t h e r Mohi - ud- di n. J e a l o u s y o f h i s b r o t h e r ' s
merits is s a i d t o ha ve a c t ua t e d t h i s a t r oc i ous de e d. Sayyid Fakir
was s e i z e d and c o n f i n e d , b u t s h o r t l y a f t e r wa r d s r el eas ed. Sayyid
Najif a f t e r t h i s c i r c ums t a nc e f e l t a nxi ous t o r emove some di st ance
f r om him n o t onl y Sayyi d Faki r , b u t a l s o h i s t h r e e br ot he r s , Sayyids
A mi r and Abbas (whom h e r e c a l l e d from Kalmanai and Nurgul) and
Sayyi d Shahbad f r om Kash Kot, all s o n s of a sister of Mir Alam Khan,
and s e n t t hem i n c h a r g e o f t h e d i s t r i c t s Chi gha Sarai, Shigar,
Sa r ka ni and Dunai. Sayyi d Najif t h e n pl aced h i s s o n s ~ a y y i d ~ u s a i n
i n c h a r g e of Nur gul , as him a t Kash Kot, and r ecal l i ng ~aha- ud- di n
f r om Gos ht a, pl aced him i n a u t h o r i t y a t Kunar.
"Sayyi d Faki r had not be e n l ong a t h i s new p o s t when h e commenced,
i nt r i gui ng wi t h h i s unc l e Mir Alam Khan, and a l s o wi t h ~ m i r Khan of
Nawagai, o f f e r i n g t o g i v e u p t o t h e f or mer Chi gha Sarai and Shigart
and t o t h e l a t t e r Sar kani and Dunai, i f t h e y would a s s i s t him i n
d i s p l a c i n g h i s f a t h e r i n f a vour of hi ms el f . The cont endi ng parties
e n t e r e d i n t o t h i s e nga ge me nt , b u t Mir Alam and ~ mi r Khan, becoming
p o s s e s s e d o f t h e p l a c e s a b o v e named, f a i l e d t o a f f o r d t hat
a s s i s t a n c e t o Sayyi d Faki r whi ch t h e y pr omi sed him, and he and his
t h r e e b r o t h e r s t h e n f l e d t o Kotkai.
"Sayyid Naj i f, on hear i ng of t h e t r e a c h e r y of h i s s ons , s e n t t roops
t o i n v e s t t h e f o r t whe r e i n t h e y had t a ke n up a pos i t i on, but t he
r i v e r f a c e o f t h e f o r t a t a l l times a f f o r d e d t hem a means of escape
and Sayyi d Faki r was n o t s l ow i n ope ni ng a communication with t he
t o wn s p e o p l e of Pas hat , and havi ng i nduc e d a pa r t y of them t o agree
t o t hr ow o p e n t h e g a t e s f o r him, h e and h i s f ol l owe r s l ef t Kotkai at
n i g h t , e n t e r e d t h e t own and s e i z e d and i mpr i s oned h i s f a t he r *
yi d Naj i f ' s t r o o p s , on hear i ng of h i s i mpr i sonment , di s pe r s e d imme-
di a t e l y, and Sayyi d Faki r as s umed t h e r e i n s of t h e g ~ v e r n m @ ~ ~ of
Pashat .
''A f e w we e k s onl y had e l a ps e d when t h e pe opl e of Pashat s ent a
me s s a ge t o Baha-ud-din, who was a t Kunar, i nvi t i ng h i s assi st ance
and ~ r o mi s i n g t h a t t h e y would r e l e a s e h i s f a t h e r and r ei ns t at e him
i n power i f h e ( ~ a h a - u d - d i n ) woul d u n i t e wi t h t hem; t h i s p l o t s o o n
r e a c he d t h e ears o f Sayyi d Fa ki r who i mmedi at el y c a u s e d h i s a g e d
f at her t o be s uf f oc a t e d, and had t h e e f f r o n t e r y t o e x p o s e h i s c o r p s e
t o t h e popul a c e , a s s u r i n g t h e m t h a t h e m e t wi t h a n a t u r a l d e a t h .
The p e o p l e e i t h e r b e l i e v e d t h e p a r r i c i d e , o r t h o u g h t it e x p e d i e n t t o
do s o, f o r h e c o n t i n u e d i n p o we r f o r a l o n g t i m e a f t e r wa r d s . H i s
f a t h e r had r e a c h e d t h e a d v a n c e d a g e o f 8 0 y e a r s , d u r i n g 57 o f wh i c h
he had r u l e d i n Kunar.
"During t h e year 1 8 2 6 Sayyi d Fa k i r s e n t h i s b r o t h e r Abbas t o t h e
~ar a- i - Nao and t h e Dara-i-Nazar t o c o l l e c t t r o o p s i n t h o s e v a l l e y s ,
and t o a t t a c k Sayyi d Husai n, who was t h e n a t Nur gul . H e s u c c e e d e d
i n as s embl i ng a f o r c e . Sayyi d Hashi m s e n t h i s n e p h e w Ahai -ud-di n,
s on o f ~ o h i - u d - d i n , t o t h e a s s i s t a n c e o f Hus s ai n. An e n g a g e me n t
t ook pl ace, Sayyi d Husai n was k i l l e d , b u t Sayyi d Abbas s u s t a i n e d a
d e f e a t , h i s t r o o p s d i s p e r s e d a nd f l e d t o t h e h i l l s , a nd Sayyi d Ahai-
ud-di n r emai ned Gover nor o f Nur gul u n t i l Sayyi d Fa ki r was d i s p l a c e d
from power by Dost Muhammad in A.D. 1834.
"Baha-ud-din s h o r t l y a f t e r wa r d s a d v a n c e d f r om Kunar t o a t t a c k h i s
br ot he r ; a c o n t e s t e n s u e d ne a r Kunar wi t h o u t a n y v e r y d e c i d e d advan-
t a ge havi ng t a k e n p l a c e on e i t h e r s i d e , b u t t h e l a t t e r r e t r e a t e d
b e f o r e Baha-ud-di n a s f a r a s Bar t ad, a v i l l a g e wi t h i n a m i l e and a
hal f o f Pas hat . N e a r t h i s v i l l a g e t h e o p p o s i n g p a r t i e s r a i s e d
ba s t i ons and c o n t i n u e d h o s t i l i t i e s f o r t h e p r o l o n g e d p e r i o d o f e i g h t
year s; e a c h b r o t h e r c o l l e c t i n g t h e r e v e n u e s o f t h a t p a r t o f t h e
c ount r y wh e r e h i s own t r o o p s h e l d t h e s upr e ma c y. In t h e ye a r 1834,
Dost Muhammad a t l e n g t h i n t e r f e r e d and c o n s i g n e d t o t h e c h a r g e o f
Baha-ud-din t h e wh o l e o f t h e d i s p u t e d t e r i t o r y , on h i s a g r e e i n g t o
pay him R19, 000 annual l y. Sayyi d Fa ki r was c a l l e d t o J al al abad, and
t h e g a r d e n s o f Ch a r b a g h were made o v e r t o him f o r t h e ma i nt e na nc e o f
hi msel f and f o l l o we r s .
"During t h e e a r l y p a r t o f A.D. 1839, a Mons i eur Car r on was on a
v i s i t t o Nawab Jabar Khan, who was t h e n a t Kabul. Dos t Muhammad
Khan, s u s p e c t i n g him o f b e i n g e mpl oye d by t h e Br i t i s h Gover nment a s
a new s-writer, me d i t a t e d a p p r e h e n d i n g him, b u t t h r o u g h t h e g o o d
o f f i c e s of t h e Nawab, Mons i eur Car r on, i n company wi t h Qu d u s Khan,
Barakzai , e f f e c t e d h i s e s c a p e f r om Kabul and t o o k r e f u g e i n Pa s h a t ,
wher e h e was k i n d l y r e c e i v e d and t r e a t e d by Baba-ud-di n. P o s t
Muhammad he a r i ng o f t h i s d e s p a t c h e d a me s s e n g e r t o t h e Sayyi d,
de s i r i ng him t o d e l i v e r u p Mons i eur Car r on. Th e Sayyi d d e n i e d h i s
Pr e s e n c e i n h i s c o u n t r y ; t h e Ami r a ga i n a p p l i e d t o hi m, and p o i n t e d
out t h e f o r t and h o u s e whe r i n ~ o n s i e u r Car r on was c o n c e a l e d and
agai n Baha-ud-di n d e n i e d any k n o wl e d g e o f him. Th i s ge nt l e ma n
cont i nued i n c onc e a l me nt f o r a s h o r t t i m e i n t h e v i l l a g e o f Nari nj ,
and Went t h e n c e t o Pe s h a wa r vi a Ka f i r i s t a n a nd Bajaur. Dos t Muham-
mad f i n d i n g t h a t Sayyi d Baha-ud-di n woul d n o t a t t e n d t o h i s o r d e r s ,
a d d r e s s e d a letter t o h i s s on, Akbar Khan, who was at t h i s t i m e
Governor o f J al al abad, d e s i r i n g him t o p o s s e s s hi ms e l f o f t h e p e r s o n
of t h e Sayyi d, and t o e f f e c t t h i s o b j e c t u n d e r any p r e t e n c e what -
ever. Emi ssari es from Muhammad Akbar were accor di ngl y s e n t t o Baha-
ud-di n, r e q u e s t i n g h i s p r e s e n c e a t J al al abad, and on h i s maki ng
a f t e r t h e mos t s a c r e d manner t h a t h e i n t e n d e d i n no way
t o i nj ur e him, t h e Sayyi d unwi l l i ngl y obe ye d t h e summons, and
i mmedi at el y on h i s a r r i v a l a t Jal al abad was i mp r i s o n e d . Akbar
t hen P r o c e e d e d wi t h a f o r c e o f Pa s h a t t o a t t a c k Baha- ud- di n' s t wo
Nizam-ud-din and Husai n- ud- di n, t h e former bei ng in pos s es s i on
Of t h e f o r t of Sayyi d Ahmad, and t h e latter t h a t o f Kot kai . Akbar
f i r s t a t t a c k e d Ni zi m- ud- di n' s s t r o n g h o l d , and b r o u g h t an 1 8 o r 2 4
pounder t o be a r upon o n e of t h e b a s t i o n s , wh i c h it f i r e d u p o n f o r
three days and br eached part i al l y. Terms were t h e n e f f e c t e d t hr ough
t he medium of Sa d a t Khan Mohmand a nd Ami r Khan o f Nawagai on t h e
f ol l owi ng c ondi t i ons , viz., t h a t Nizam-ud-din and h i s fol l owers were
t o have free e g r e s s from t h e f o r t , b u t a l l t h e i r pr ope r t y t o devolve
t o Muhammad Akba. Nizam-ud-din f l ed t o Hinduraj, thence across the
hi l l s , and j oi ned Sha hz a da Taimur a t Peshawar , by whom and
Col onel Wade h e was r e c e i v e d wi t h e v e r y c ons i de r a t i on.
~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ - ~ ~ -
di n still r emai ned a t Kot kai , and wi t h him n o t onl y h i s own but
h i s f a t h e r ' s fami l y, and also t h e bul k of h i s
f a t h e r ' s property.
H e saw, howe ve r , t h a t it was h o p e l e s s t o c ont e nd a ga i ns t Muhammad
~ k b a r ' s f or ce. The same t e r m s t h a t had been accept ed by hi s brother
were o f f e r e d t o him, a nd, r e a di l y avai l i ng hi msel f of t hem he eva-
c u a t e d t h e f o r t . H e had p r o c e e d e d
a s f a r a s Sar kani when Muhammad
A kbar b r o k e f a i t h ;
f o r not wi t hs t a ndi ng h i s engagement wi t h Husain-
ud- di n, h e s e n t a pa r t y i n p u r s u i t o f him, and h e was over t aken and
s e i z e d wi t h h i s women, f or c i bl y pl a c e d on r a f t s , and conveyed to
~ a l a l a b a d . he women were s u b s e q u e n t l y t r a n s f e r r e d t o Abdul Ghani
~ h a n , and ~us a i n- ud- di n and h i s f a t h e r were s e n t unde r c ha r ge of an
e s c o r t t o ~ a b u l ; t h e f or mer was r e l e a s e d i n t h e c our s e of two
mont hs , and t h e l a t t e r r emai ned a pr i s one r unt i l Dost Muhammad's
d e p a r t u r e f o r Tur ki s t a n on t h e a r r i va l of t h e Br i t i s h t r oops at
Mai dan.
id he pr oper t y which Muhammad Akbar t h u s became possessed of is said
t o have amount ed t o near l y o n e l a k h o f r u p e e s .
"Sayyi d Hashim was summoned f r om Kash Kot and pl aced in char ge of
t h e government of t h e province, he promising t o pay t h e Ami r R28,000
annual l y. "
I n t h e mont h of J anuar y 1840, Baha-ud-din was r e i ns t a t e d in hi s
gove r nme nt t h r o u g h t h e a s s i s t a n c e a f f o r d e d him by t h e British
Government, hi s son Nizam-ud-din having been some months in arms, in
s u p p o r t of h i s f a t h e r ' s c a us e , wi t hout havi ng gai ned any deci ded
a d va nt a ge ove r Sayyi d Hashim' s ad her ent s.
Accor di ng t o a n o t h e r a c c ount t h e t wo s o n s of Baha-ud-din were
r e s p e c t i v e l y named Hissam Bad s h a h and Mahmud Bad s ha h. The el des t
be i ng d i s i n h e r i t e d , t h e younge r b r o t h e r s u c c e e d e d t o t h e c hi e f shi p
on h i s f a t h e r ' s d e a t h i n 1866. In 1868 Mahmud Badshah revolted
a g a i n s t t h e powe r of Azim khan, who was t h e n nominally Ami r . How-
e v e r , s oon a f t e r t h e r e t u r n o f Sh e r A l i t o power t h e d i s t r i c t was
r e g r a n t e d t o him on payment of R20,000 p e r annum a s nazar. H e was
f r i e n d l y t o t h e Engl i s h dur i ng t h e l a s t Af ghan war, and it was
pr i nc i pa l l y d u e t o h i s i n f l u e n c e t h a t no s e r i o u s ga t he r i ng of t he
t r i b e s t ook pl a c e in t h a t p a r t of t h e count r y. In 1880 he paid a
v i s i t t o A m i r Abdur Rahman, and was conf i r med i n t h e posi t i on he
he l d unde r S h e r A l i , but h e was n o t pa r t i c ul a r l y w e l l t r e a t e d. When
h e l e f t Kabul h e was i nf or med by t h e A mi r t h a t h e mi ght r et ai n t he
nominal p o s s e s s i o n s , whi l e h e must r emi t all t h e r evenue to Kabul,
t h e Amir payi ng t h e c o s t o f hol di ng t h e count r y. Owing t o t h i s and
o t h e r c a u s e s h i s r e l a t i o n s wi t h t h e Amir became gr adual l y
unf r i e ndl y, and i n 1882 t h e Sayyi d was i n ope n r evol t ; but wh e n
t h e A m i r l s t r o o p s a dva nc e d on Kunar h e f l e d t o ~ i t a i and loined
Mughal Khan o f Gosh- and ot he r malcontents. In 1884 t h e Governrnent
o f I ndi a o f f e r e d him R2,000 p e r mensem, on c ondi t i on t h a t he would
r e s i d e a t a pl a c e s e l e c t e d by t h e Gover nment , and would abst ai n from
i nt r i gui ng a g a i n s t t h e Ami r . H e hung a bout t h e ~ m i r ' s bor der s
some t i m e i n h o p e t h a t t h e Arni r would come t o g r i e f , but in January
1886 h e a p p a r e n t l y l o s t h e a r t and came t o 1ndi a a c c e pt i ng t h e cOndl-
t i ons of t h e Gover nment .
Duri ng t h e Angl o-Afghan war o f 1879-80, a f anat i c pr i e s t , by name
Mulla Khalil, c r e a t e d some e xc i t e me nt by pr e a c hi ng a r el i gi ous war
i n Kunar. In May 1880 h e c r o s s e d i nt o ~ e s u d , and t h e rabbl e he had
c o l l e c t e d was d i s p e r s e d on t h e 1 9 t h of t h e month near Beninga*
( McGr egor , I.B.C.)
KONAR A&
34-39 70-54. A g r o u p of vi l l a ge s on t h e l e f t bank o f t h e Kunar
r i ve r , a b o u t 27 miles f r om J a l a l a ba d. T h e r e is a f e r r y ( f l y i n g
br i dge) a c r o s s t h e r i ve r h e r e t o Pat an on t h e main Jalalabad-Arnawai
r oad. T h e r e is a g a r r i s o n a t Kunar c o n s i s t i n g o f 1 0 0 c a v a l r y
( det ached from Jal al abad) , 2 ba t t a l i ons i nf a nt r y and 300 k ha s a da r s .
( B C )
Recent maps s how Khas Kunar and Kuz Kunar, a t 34-35 70-35
KUND
d
A hi gh snow- capped peak ove r l ooki ng t h e Laghman val l ey f r om t h e
r eai on of Kaf i r i st an. It is on t h e summi t o f t h i s mount ai n t h a t
~ o a h ' s ar k is s u p p o s e d t o ha ve r e s t e d a f t e r t h e f l ood. (Hol di ch. )
N.B. The name a p p e a r s t o be f u r t h e r a ppl i e d t o t h e whol e r a n g e o f
hi l l s bor der i ng Lag hman on t h e nor t h.
KUND
d
35- 69-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Par andev Dara, about 9 m i l e s above its
junction wi t h t h e Panj shi r . Cl os e by is a n o t h e r vi l l a ge c a l l e d
Daulana, t h e t wo t o g e t h e r cont ai ni ng some 10 f ami l i es o f Taj i ks.
(1.B.C.)
*KUNDA
4 AL
34-52 69-49 m. A vi l l a ge near Sar ai on a t r i but a r y o f t h e Tagab
ri ver, Kapisa pr ovi nce.
*KUNDI
34-59 69-49 m. A vi l l a ge near Ch a h i k h e l on a t r i but a r y of t h e Tagab
i n Kapisa pr ovi nce.
KUNGANI See NICHINGUL &
KUN IGAO >=A
33-57 67-58 G. A haml et i n t h e n o r t h e a s t o f t h e Dai Kundi count r y.
KUNTGUL w
35-17 71-31. A val l ey whi ch d e s c e n d s e a s t and j oi ns t h e Kunar one
mile below Bi r kot . From it more o r less d i f f i c u l t mount ai n p a t h s
lead t o t h e Bi r kot gul , t h e ~ z h a r b a i val l ey, t h e Dungul val l ey, and
t h e Cha nda kgul . I t c o n t a i n s t h e r u i n s o f t w o Ka f i r v i l l a g e s .
(Robertson. )
KUPRUK d d
34- 67-. A vi l l a ge in t h e Yakh Walang d i s t r i c t , s i t u a t e d on t h e
nor ht er n s h o r e of t h e ~a ndi - i - z ul f i k a r ( t h e uppe r mos t o f t h e Band-i-
Amir l a ke s ) , d i s t a n t 7 o r 8 m i l e s from J a f i r Kala, and cont ai ni ng 40
families of Takana Hazaras. (Maitland .)
*mRA 4 3
34-1 67-38 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d s o u t h of t h e oh-i-~hushkak, on a
t r i but ar y of t h e Garmab i n Bamian pr ovi nce.
KU RAK d, Uf
A clan of Kaf i r s oc c upyi ng t h e we s t e r n s i d e of t h e Alingar val l ey
above Badiabad; a c c or di ng t o St ewar d t h e y mus t er a bout 2,000 f i g h t -
ing men. (St ewart . )
KURAM tJ
34-22 70-8.
A vi l l a ge i n t h e Sur kha b s ubdi vi s i on o f t h e Jal al abad
d i s t r i c t , s i t ua t e d on t h e s out he r n s l o p e s of t h e Siah Koh range,
about 7 m i l e s w e s t of Fat ehabad, on a road a c r o s s t h e Siah Koh range
f ram Fat ehabad t o Kats Lag hman. I nhabi t ant s: Nasir Khel Ghilzais.
(I.B.C.)
KURBAN GUSHTA d &j
A place in Nawar, inhabited by mixed sect i ons of t h e Muhammad Khwaja
Hazaras.
KURGAH 4&J
33-55 67-57 A. A pl ace in t h e Dai Kundi count r y, occupi ed by 400
f ami l i es of t h e Khushak s ect i on. Recent maps show t h e name Gurg
Kushtah.
KURGA I dd
33-17 69-34 m. A vi l l age bet ween Nadi r shah Kot and Bargai on the
road from Khost t o Gar dez i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
KURGHAN
An a nc i e nt town i n Uj ar i s t an.
KURKOT 4 s
34-45 69-50 m. A vi l l age on t h e Wuzbin Khwar, s out he a s t of Tagab in
Kabul pr ovi nce.
KU RRAM f s
33-49 69-57. For a d e s c r i p t i o n of t h e Kurram r i ver see "Military
Repor t on t h e c ount r y bet ween t h e Kabul and
Kurram r i ver s. Part I."
KURSHATAL See KHARSHKA
&L+
A wi de gl en wi t h a d r y s t o n y wat er cour s e, whi ch debouches i nt o t he
l e f t of t h e Band-i-Amir some 24 miles below Fi rozbahar. (Maitland.)
*KUSHA 4
33-16 69-41 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d a f e w miles s out h of ~ a d i r s h a h Kot
i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
KUSHANGI
Sai d t o be a va l l e y i n t he Dai Kundi count r y.
KUSHI O r KHUSHKI, KHWAKKHI (&I&$
34-0 69-13 m. El evat i on 7,829. A vi l l age 40 miles from Kabul on
t h e l e f t bank of t h e Dobandi st r eam bei ng t h e f i f t h s t a g e from t he
Paiwar K 0 t a l on t h e Shut ur Gardan r out e t o Kabul. ~t cont ai ns 300
hous e s i n numerous walled e nc l os ur e s or f o r t s , and is embosomed in
e x t e n s i v e o r c h a r d s t h a t occupy t h e bed of a wild ravi ne opening into
t h e Logar plain. Ther e is a good encampi ng gr ound her e; provisions
o f all Sor t s a r e pr ocur abl e i n abundance f o r man and beast ; water
is Pl e nt i f ul ,
t hough not ver y good; gr azi ng f o r camels, however i s
s car ce. The pr i nci pal t r a d e of t h e pl ace is i n pr es er ved apri cot s
and madder , t hough wheat , bar l ey, cl over and l uc e r ne ar e al so exten-
s i v e l y cul t i vat ed.
Kus hi was t h e f i r s t p o i n t i n t h e p l a i n s we r e t h e t r o o p s were
asembl ed on t h e march from Ali Khel t o Kabul i n Sept ember 1879, and
h e r e Si r Fr e de r i c k Rober t s was j oi ned by Amir Yakub Khan, hi s el dest
son, Sar dar Yahiya Khan, Daud Shah, and o t h e r not abl es. On t h e Z n d
Oct ober t h e f i nal advance was made t owa r ds t h e capi t al from t hi s
pl ace. (Lumsd en, Belle w, Ag ha Abbas, 1.B.c.)
*KUSHK
&
34-36 68-23 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d some 4 m i l e s n o r t h of Ghazni , o f f
t h e road t o Kabul.
KUSHK
&
34- 66-. A s ubdi vi s i on of t h e Sar-i-Jangal
d i s t r i c t . The r e is a
mountain wi t h t h i s name west o f Lal, a t 34-28 66-1 G. (LWA)
KUSHK A5
34-6 67-30 m. A g r a s s y gl e n i n t h e w e s t o f t h e Dai Zangi count r y.
KUSH NAO See SURKH A
KUSSAM t"
33- 69-. A val l ey some 10 m i l e s s o u t h o f Ali Khel, i nha bi t e d by
Ahmad Khel Jaj i s.
KUSTAKI GROM See KSTIGIGROM
KUTANA I &
33-3 69-4. A vi l l a ge in t h e Ghazni d i s t r i c t be t we e n Sul t ani and
Shaht or i , on t h e r oad t o Dawar. (McLean.)
N.B. t h i s pl a c e may per haps be near t h e Kotanni pass.
*KUTI KHEL A d
33-16 68-52 M. A vi l l age 3 miles nor t h of Meta Khan on t h e r oad t o
Ghazni.
*KUTI KHEL b d
33-18 69-31 m. A vi l l a ge s o u t h we s t o f Bargai and some 6 miles w e s t
of Nadir Shah Kot i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
KUTI KHEL &&
34-13 69-2 G. A vi l l a ge in Logar, on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e r i ve r , 9
miles nor t h of Zargan Shahar . The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Ast anazai Ghi l -
zais, and i n 1880 t h e y number ed 300 f ami l i es, l oc a t e d in t we l v e
detached f or t s and haml et s.
*KUTI KHEL
34-24 69-55 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a pat h l e a di ng from t h e Sur kha b
t o t h e Kabul r i ver .
KUTI KHEL
*$
A pas s l eadi ng from e a s t e r n Kharwar i nt o t h e u p p e r val l ey of t h e
Dahana Drang. I t is pa s s a bl e f o r men on f o o t onl y. ( Gr i esbach. )
*KUZA 4
33-50 69-54 G. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d some 20 miles s o u t h e a s t of host,
Paktia pr ovi nce.
KUZA BAK 4 d
32- 67-. A pl ai n on t h e r oad form Kalat-i-Ghilzai t o Gahzni , a f e w
miles nor t h of Mukur. ~t is c ove r e d wi t h smal l vi l l ages .
' KUZ JANGJAI 6-AS
33-46 68-36 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d 3 miles e a s t o f t h e ~ha z ni - Ka bul
road in Ghazni pr ovi nce.
*LACHI KHEL &&
33-56 68-49 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e Jar-i-Sejawand and south-
we s t o f Baraki Barak i n Logar pr ovi nce.
LACHI PUR ad
34-21 70-43 G. El evat i on 1, 480 feet. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Jalalabad
d i s t r i c t , 12 3/4 m i l e s n o r t h we s t of Basawal; it lies near t h e r i ght
bank of t h e Kabul r i ve r a t t h e e a s t e r n e nd of t h e Sur kh D i w a l range.
The vi l l a ge c ont a i ns 140 f ami l i es of Taj i ks p o s s e s s i n g (in 1904)
500 head o f c a t t l e , 700 s h e e p and g o a t s , and 120 buf f al oes. The
annual pr oduc t i on of whe a t and bar l ey a v e r a g e s about 13,500 Indian
maunds .
A s m a l l p o s t , d e s i g n e d f o r a ga r r i s on of 40 caval r y and 150 infan-
t r y, was b u i l t by u s a t La c hi pur dur i ng t h e s e c ond Af ghan war; it i s
n o t u s e d , or k e p t up, by t h e A m i r and was i n ve r y bad r epai r when
s e e n i n 1905.
Camping gr ound f o r a f o r c e o f any s i z e e x i s t s bet ween t h e f or t and
t h e r i ve r wi t h water f r om t h e r i v e r or f r om a good s pr i ng cl ose t o
t h e f o r t ; ani mal s can b e c onve ni e nt l y wat er ed a t a nala t o t he
s o u t h of camp; f o r a g e is pl e nt i f ul l . The s ur r oundi ng count ry is
l e v e l and s ui t a bl e f o r all ar ms, t h o u g h h i g h l y cul t i vat ed on ei t her
s i d e of t h e r oad. (Malleson, Wanliss.)
* LADABAGH
$dJJ
34-12 69-59 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a f e w m i l e s s o u t h of Shamalkhel
i n Nangar har pr ovi nce.
LAG" ANA
L;;I
35- 69-. A vi l l a ge on t h e u p p e r Pa nj s hi r st r eam, near Bazarak. It
c ont a i ns 20 h o u s e s o f Taj i ks. ( Sha hz i da Taimus.)
*LAGHAR
33-23 68-11 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d n o r t h of Ranakhel and sout hwest
o f Ghazni i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
*LAGHARAK
+I
34-56 68-11 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Ghorband,
s ome 4 m i l e s s o u t h we s t of Shi bar i n Parwan pr ovi nce.
LAGHARI GY
33-46 68-12 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e ~ar a- i -
Yus uf , nor t h west o f Ghazni i n Ghazni pr ovi nce. Anot her pl ace with
t h i s name is l oc a t e d n o r t h we s t o f Ghazni on t h e way t o Jaghat u in
Ghazni pr ovi nc e , 33-38 68-23 m.
*LAGHAWAT
d,.J
33-28 68-32 m.
A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d s o u t h e a s t of Ghazni on t h e way to
A r zo .
LAGHMAN
400 Tajik f ami l i es. ( s ha h zada Taimus.)
LAGHMAN u
L;J
35-0 70-15 A.
A pr ovi nc e i n e a s t e r n Af ghani s t an whi ch compr i ses an
a r e a o f 7, 227 s q u a r e k i l o me t e r s a nd a n a g r i c u l t u r a l popul at i on
e s t i ma t e d a t f r om 80, 606 t o 124, 264. The pr ovi nce is bounded in t he
we a t by Kunar, and i n t h e s o u t h by Nangar har pr ovi nces. La4hman
Pr ovi nc e is di vi de d i n t o t h e wol es wd, i s of Daul at shah, Nurestan,
ui s ha ng, and Qa r gha ' i and i n t o t h e c e n t r a l d i s t r i c t of Meht erl am
( ~i r g a r h i ) . For wol eswal i lists from t h e Depar t ment o f S t a t i s t i c s o f
t h e Ministry of Agr i c ul t ur e and I r r i ga t i on see t h e f ol l owi ng pa ge s .
( LWA 1
In 1914 Laqhman pr ovi nce was d e s c r i b e s a s f ol l ows:
The d i s t r i c t o f ~ a g h ma n is a bout 26 miles from east t o w e s t , and on
an aver age 32 m i l e s from nor t h t o s o u t h . It may b e s ai d t o be gi n
near Darunta and, s k i r t i n g t h e n o r t h e r n ba s e of t h e Si ah Koh, e x -
t e nds in a we s t e r l y d i r e c t i o n up t o Badpakht . The val l ey t a k e s a
nor t her n di r e c t i on a t Mandrawar, and pr oc e e di ng s t r a i g h t u p t o
~ i r g a r h i , b i f u r c a t e s i n t o t wo por t i ons- - one goi ng up t h e Al i ngar ,
and t h e o t h e r up t h e Al i shang val l ey. Its bounda r i e s on t h e nor t h
ar e t h e Kaf i r i st an mount ai ns, on t h e e a s t t h e h i l l s of Kashmund, on
t he s out h t h e Si ah Koh r a nge , on t h e w e s t t h e Usbi n r i ve r , s e pa r a t -
ing Laghman from t h e S a f i s o f Tagao. On t h e e a s t e r n s i d e a c ha i n of
s pur s r uns down from t h e Kashmund r ange, t er mi nat i ng i n t h e Ambir
hi l l s j us t above Char bagh. The a s p e c t o f t h e c ount r y i n t h i s di r e c -
tion is dr e a r y t o a d e g r e e , and c o n s i s t s of s a ndy hi l l oc ks wi t h o u t
any cul t i vat i on or ve ge t a t i on on t hem, till t h e y a r e f i nal l y l o s t i n
t h e Gamberi d e s e r t . The s o u t h e r n end of t h e val l ey, t h o u g h it ha s
some cul t i vat ed l a n d s and f l our i s hi ng vi l l a ge s , h a s not hi ng t o boa s t
of in t h e way of beaut y; and t h e same r e ma r ks may a p p l y t o t h e
west er n por t i on, but not hi ng can e qua l or s u r p a s s t h e beaut y and
gr andeur of its nor t he r n pa r t s . Looki ng nor t h war ds from Ti r gar hi ,
t h e eye r e s t s on t h e be a ut i f ul Al i shang val l ey, wi t h its numer ous
vi l l ages, f o r t s , and r i ver . In t h e d i s t a n c e can be s e e n t h e snow
peaks of Koh-i-Kaon and t h e s pur s of t h e Hindu Kush and mountains of
Kafiristan. To t h e n o r t h e a s t e x t e n d s t h e Al i ngar val l ey, wi t h its
vi l l ages and f o r t s bel ongi ng t o t h e d i f f e r e n t Ghi l zai c h i e f s , t h e
whole bounded by a mass o f snowy mount ai ns, t o whi ch c ha i n t h e
nat i ves gi ve but one name, viz., Koh-i-Kund. W e l l wooded s p u r s r un
down and meet bot h t h e s e val l eys, whi l s t , di vi di ng t hem, s t a n d s , a
mass of hi l l s known as Karinj. But little i nf or mat i on r e ga r di ng t h e
el evat i on of Laghman is f or t hc omi ng, b u t it may be ment i oned t h a t
Alishang vi l l age is 2,900 f e e t , and t h e ge ne r a l e l e va t i on o f t h e
i nhabi t ed por t i ons of t h e d i s t r i c t pr obabl y r a n g e s be t we e n 2,200 and
9,000 f e e t .
The Kabul r i ver f l o ws from t h e di r e c t i on of Ba dpa kht , on t h e west
through t h e sout her n par t s o f Laghman, and, running almost due east ,
Passes s out h t h r o u g h t h e Darunta g o r g e i n t o t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t .
The Alishang r i ver , f l owi ng in a s out h- e a s t e r l y di r e c t i on, j oi ns t h e
Alingar a little below Ti r gar hi ; its f e e d e r s a r e s t r e a ms t h a t r un
down from t h e Kaon and Karinj mount ai ns.
The Alingar st r eam f l o ws from t h e mount ai ns of Kaf i r i st an, and
joining t h e Al i shang, f l o ws on and combi nes wi t h t h e Kabul r i v e r
cl ose t o Charbagh.
Numerous s m a l l canal s a r e t a ke n o f f from all t h e s e s t r e a ms t o irri-
gat e t h e l and on t h e i r banks.
Laghman, a c c or di ng t o t h e f abul ous a c ount s gi ven by t h e na t i ve s ,
Owes its name t o Lamech, f a t h e r o f Noah, whos e a r k is s ai d t o have
r es t ed on t h e Kund mount ai ns a f t e r t h e de l uge . Af t e r havi ng f o u g h t
agai nst and c onque r e d a l l h i s enemi es, h e t ook p o s s e s s i o n o f t h e
whi ch came t o be cal l ed Lamech an Lamakan, and in p r o c e s s
Of time Laghman.
It is e nt i r e l y s ur r ounde d by mount ai ns; t h e Kund,
over l ooki ng Kaf i r i st an, c a nnot be less t ha n 14, 000 f e e t t o 15, 000
f e e t in a l t i t u d e i n some o f its peaks . The we s t e r n s p u r s of t h e
Kafi ri st an r ange, Kaon and Karinj, a r e a l s o ve r y gr and.
Climate.
The cl i mat e o f t h e s o u t h e r n por t i on of t h e Laghman val l ey
is s ome wha t s i mi l a r t o t h a t o f J a l a l a ba d, b u t mor e b r a c i n g a nd
healthier. The heat duri ng t h e summer must be excessi ve, but t h e r e
Administrative Divisions of Laghman Province
ESTIMATE OF AGRICULTURAL POPULATION AND AREA UNDER CULTIVATION
Villages
ALlSHlNG 6 2
ALINGAR 50
QARGHAI 3 0
MEHTERLAM 3 5
KATZ AZlZ KHAN 1 0
NURISTAN 3 5
TOTAL 2 22
Agricultural
Population
Landlords Lands under Cultivation in Jaribs
Irrigated Non-Irrig. Total
Lands under Cultivation in Hectares
Irrigated Non-Irrig. Total
STATISTICAL ESTIMATE OF LIVESTOCK BY WOLESWALlS AND ALAKADARIS
Sheep Karakul
Sheep
ALlSHlNG 13,2 30 -
ALINGAR 9,820 -
QARGHAI 6.8 30 -
MEHTERLAM 4, 920 -
KATZ AZlZ KHAN 3,670 -
NURISTAN 9,930 -
TOTAL 48,400 -
Goats Cattle Buffaloes Camels Horses Donkeys Mules Poultry
Irrigated
PRODUCllON OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS-IN KABUL1 SEERS
MEWrERLAM 752,950
ALISHING 1,943,150
ALINGAR 2,693,900
QARGHAI 1,357,400
NURlSTAN 1,835,900
KATZ AZIZ KHAN 535,700
Grains
Non-Irrig. Total Vegetables
Other Crops
Industrial Other Temp.
Crops Crops
Fruits
LAND UNDER IRRIGATION AND SOURCES OF IRRIGATION
Area in Jaribs
Canals Springs
ALISHING 26,240 120
ALINGAR 41,130 -
QARG HA1 * 13,200 -
MEKTERLAM 14,400 -
KATZAZlZ KHAN* 2,400 -
NURISTAN 20,240 180
TOTAL. 117,610 300
Karez Wells Total Canals
14
11
3
4
3
10
4 5
Number of Sources
Springs Karez Wells Water Mills
now merged into the Qarghai district.
TOTAL CULTIVABLE LAND, BY CROPS-IN KABUL1 JARIBS
Grains
Irrigated Non-Irrig.
MEHTERLAM 13,690 -
ALISHING 35,330 -
ALINGAR 48,980 -
QARGHAI 24,680 -
NURISTAN 33,380 3,400
KATZ AZIZ KHAN 9,740 400
TOTAL 167,800 3,800
Total Vegetables Industrial
Crops
Other
Crops
Fruits Total
Cultivated
Land
MEHTE RLAM
ALlSHlNG
ALLNGAR
QARGHAI
NURISTAN
KATZ AZIZ KHAN
TOTAL
Total
TOTAL CULTIVABLE LANDS-IN KABUL1 JAMBS
Pastures Forests Under
Cultivation
Fallow
Lands
ar e no dus t - s t or ms l i k e t h o s e whi ch r e n d e r e x i s t e n c e unbear abl e
t her e. During t h e pe r i od Gener al Br i ght ' s f o r c e was encamped by
Asmatuna Khan' s f o r t , t e r r i f i c g u s t s of wi nd, accompani ed by r ai n
a t times, were e x p e r i e n c e d , b u t ve r y little or no d u s t , e x c e p t j u s t
on t h e banks o f t h e Kabul r i ver . Fur t he r nor t h a t Ti r ga r hi , and up
t h e u i s h a n g and Al i ngar r i ve r s , t h e h e a t dur i ng t h e mos t o p p r e s s i v e
season of t h e summer is s a i d t o b e bear abl e; and t h e cl i mat e dur i ng
February is c e r t a i nl y a l l t h a t one coul d de s i r e . The da r a s whi ch
run down from t h e hi gh r anges have spl endi d s p o t s wher e t h e peopl e
can r es or t t o f or t h e pur pose of escapi ng t h e h o t weat her dur i ng t h e
worst per i od, viz., from 20t h J une t o e nd of August .
Inhabitants. The account s gi ven by t h e peopl e not e t h a t Laghman was
occupi ed by i n f i d e l s a bout t h e pe r i od t h a t t h e a r k r e s t e d on Kund,
and Mehtar Lam o r Lamech and Nur Lam a ppe a r e d on t h e s c e n e t o f i g h t
and dr i ve t hem o u t o f t h e count r y. Chi t r a l came wi t h a p o s t o f men
from Hi ndust an t o a s s i s t Al i ngar and Al i shang, t wo c h i e f s o f Si ah-
posh Kaf i r s a g a i n s t Meht ar Lam, and a ba t t l e t ook pl a c e i n t h e
count r y be t we e n Kar ghai and t h e p r e s e n t site o f Ziarat. Lamech was
ki l l ed, whi l s t t h e Kaf i r s s u f f e r e d a s e v e r e d e f e a t , and were dr i ve n
t o t h e hi l l s by Nur Lam, s ai d t o b e Lamech' s br ot he r . H e was a l s o
ki l l ed in t h e p u r s u i t a t a pl ace cal l ed Manda i n t h e Ch i t t a s Dara
where h e was bur i e d, and h i s gr a ve is v i s i t e d now by pi l gr i ms wh i l s t
Mehtar Lam f ound a r e s t i n g pl a c e i n t h e s p o t above; h i s p r e s e n t
tomb lies a t zi ar at . Si nc e t h e n t h e Kaf i r s have n o t been a bl e t o
regai n t h e c ount r y onc e owned by t hem. Sul t an Mahmud of Ghazni is
r epor t ed t o have s e e n t h e s a i n t i n a dream, and j our neyi ng u n d e r h i s
i ns t r uc t i ons t o Laghman wi t h r e a dy- pr e pa r e d b r i c k s t o erect a zia-
rat , hunt ed f o r t h e s p o t whe r e Lamech had be e n bur i ed. Anot her
dream di s c l os e d t o him t h e f a c t t h a t t h e s p o t whe r e h i s l a nc e was
s t r uck i nt o t h e gr ound was t h e gr a ve h e was s e a r c hi ng f or ; h e had
t h e e a r t h removed and s oon came on t h e body wi t h its wounds, f r e s h
a s on t h e d a y t h e y were i n f l i c t e d , a nd t h e c u t s f i l l e d wi t h
' Sargarai' gr as . Sul t an Mahmud e r e c t e d a tomb over t h e body, and
named t h e c ount r y Lamak-an, a f t e r Noah' s f a t h e r . Such is t h e s t o r y
r epeat ed and f ul l y bel i eved by t h e pe opl e i n t h e p r e s e n t day. The
more pr obabl e a c c ount seems t o be t h a t , pr e vi us t o t h e movement s o f
t h e Af ghans i n t o t h e s e pa r t s , t h e i nha bi t a nt s of t h e val l ey wer e
mostly Taj i ks. Gr adual l y i n p r o c e s s o f t i m e t h e Ghi l zai s a i de d by
t h e r ul e r s of Kabul and t h e i r Gover nor s i n Laghman, s e c u r e d a good
f oot i ng, and dr i vi ng o u t t h e p e a c e f u l Taj i ks from t h e i r l a nds ,
gradual l y s p r e a d t he ms e l ve s al l over it.
A t t h e p r e s e n t moment w e f i nd t h e Ghi l zai s oc c upyi ng t h e c ount r y on
bot h s i d e s of t h e Kabul r i ve r , and t h e i r f o r t s and vi l l a ge s a r e
s c a t t e r e d t h r o u g h o u t t h e Al i ngar val l ey.
The Taj i ks oc c upy c h i e f l y t h e vi l l a ge s i n t h e Al i shang val l ey and
ex t end t o Ti r gar hi , Mandra war, Hai dar Khani, C har bag h, etc. Saf is
ar e t o be f ound t o t h e n o r t h we s t of t h e d i s t r i c t . The r e s i d e n t s o f
Niazi a r e c h i e f l y Af ghans. A smal l col ony of Ri kas is e s t a b l i s h e d
in Rikagan.
Hindus a r e t o be f ound in all t h e vi l l ages . Kuchi s v i s i t t h e di s -
t r i c t dur i ng wi nt er and r e t u r n wi t h t h e i r camel s, f l o c k s and h e r d s
a t t h e a ppr oa c h of summer t o c o l d e r r e gi ons .
There a r e no statistics on whi ch t o ba s e an a c c ur a t e cal cul at i on o f
the numbers who inhabit Laghman, but Dutton says t he y may per haps be
Set down a t a bout 25,000.
The most i mpor t ant s e c t i o n s o f t h e Ghi l zai s i n Laghman a r e t h e Jabar
Khel and t h e Abu Bakar Khel. The f or mer a r e f ul l y d e a l t wi t h unde r
t he headi ng "Jabar Khel" whi l e t h e f ol l owi ng e x t r a c t from a not e
wr i t t en by Warburton i n 1880 g i v e s some a c c ount o f t h e Abu Bakar
Khel- ... "But a l t h o u g h t h e c h i e f s of t h e Jabar Khel s a r e nominal-
l y t h e h e a d s o f t h e Ghi l zai s on t h e Jal al abad and Laghman borders, a
g r e a t e r i n t e r e s t s u r r o u n d s t h e c h i e f s o f t h e Abu Bakar section--=
minor br anch of t h e family--owing t o t wo men of not e, who have
a p p e a r e d o r r i s e n f r om its r a n k s dur i ng t h e l a s t f o r t y years. ~h~~~
not a bl e s a r e Muhammad Shah Khan, of Badiabad r enown; and his son
Faiz Muhammad Khan. Muhammad Shah Khan, son of Muhammad Khan, was a
man of c ons i de r a bl e i mpor t ance dur i ng t h e f i r s t Af ghan war, not only
by r e a s on of h i s own a bi l i t i e s , whi c h were consi der abl e, but by
havi ng Wazir Muhammad Akbar on h i s s i d e , t o whom h e had given a
d a u g h t e r i n mar r i age. Af t e r t h e r e t r e a t f r om Kabul and t h e di sast ers
of t h e Khurd Kabul, Tezi n and J agdal ak p a s s e s , t h e hos t a ge s and
c a p t i v e s s e c u r e d by Muhammad Akbar were s e n t i n t o Laghman, and
de t a i ne d a t Muhammad Shah Khan' s f o r t i n Badi abad, whi ch he had
named Akal Tamian. When Muhammad Akbar Khan was rout ed a t Jalalabad,
and t h e a dva nc e of Gener al Pol l oc k' s army pr e ve nt e d fi nal l y any
f u r t h e r a t t e mp t s a g a i n s t Si r R. Sal e' s f or c e , t h e c a pt i ve s were
r emoved from Badiabad a c r o s s t h e Ba dpa kht p a s s t owa r ds Kabul, and
f i na l l y obt ai ned t h e i r r e l e a s e . Muhammad Shah Khan, i n pr oc e s s of
t i m e , s e c u r e d sway ove r near l y all Laghman, unt i l h i s c a s t l e s in t he
air were knoc ke d down by t h e Dost. H e was s e a t e d one day at
She wa kt i , a f o r t and vi l l age c l o s e t o Kabul, wi t h Gul Muhammad Khan,
Khuda Baksh Khan, Malik Hamid Abdul, Katumzai, and Malik Shergul,
when a hor seman was s e e n ur gi ng h i s s t e e d a t f ul l s pe e d t owar ds t he
f o r t f r om t h e d i r e c t i o n of Kabul, who on near a ppr oa c h t ur ned out to
b e Aziz Khan, Jabar Khel. Di smount i ng qui c kl y, h e appear ed; and,
t a ki ng Muhammad Shah Khan a s i d e , i nf or med him t h a t Amir Dost
Muhammad Khan had a r r a nge d t o make p r i s o n e r s o f al l t h e Ghilzai
c h i e f s t h e n p r e s e n t i n Kabul. The as s embl y b r o k e up qui ckl y, and t he
c h i e f s made of f t owar ds Lag hman, where t h e y all joined Muhammad Shah
Khan; wh i l s t h e r emoved h i s fami l y t o Usbi n and t h e n t o Dara-i-
Sai gal , j u s t above Sal ab and bel ow Koh-i-Kaon.
"They were l e f t i n pe a c e f o r a s h o r t t i m e , a s Wazir Muhammad Akbar
Khan was e nga ge d in s u p p r e s s i n g a r i s i ng a t Marki Khel in t he
Khugi an count r y. Suc c e e di ng i n t h i s , h e was r e t ur ni ng t o Kabul when
h e d i e d on t h e mar ch, and h i s r emai ns were car r i ed t o Afghan
Tur ki s t a n and bur i e d t h e r e . The Dost t h e n l e d h i s t r o o p s in person
t owar ds Laghman, and surrounded Muhammads Shah Khan and hi s family
in Dara-i-Saigal. Bei ng s a t i s f i e d , however , wi t h t h e s ur r ender of
h i s f o r t a t Badi abad, h e de mol i s he d it, and l et t h e Abu Bakar Khel
c h i e f go. Muhammad Shah Khan t h e n moved up t o ~ar a- i - Naj i l ; and,
wi t h t h e pe r mi s s s i on of At t a Muhammad Khan and t h e peopl e of
Paraj g han, commenced bui l di ng a new f o r t t h e r e .
" H e s oon began t o make hi ms el f unpl e a s a nt t o h i s neghbour s; t hey
compl ai ned t o t h e Dost , whos e o r d e r s were t o t ur n him O u t * BY
humbl i ng hi ms e l f , however , b e f o r e t h e Ami r , and decl ar i ng t ha t he
i nt e nde d coming i n t o t e n d e r h i s submi ssi on, h e was pr ovi ded w i t h
c a r r i a g e t o br i ng h i s fami l y t o Maujuma. But, i ns t e a d of proceedi ng
t o Maujuma, h e f l e d wi t h h i s fami l y t o Adhar. H e was pur sued
Muhammad Azam Khan, who s i x mont hs l a t e r , wi t h t h e as s i s t ance of
o t h e r s , b r o u g h t Muhammad Shah Khan t o Kabul, wher e he eventually
d i e d , and h i s r emai ns were i nt e r r e d in Mehtar Lam's zi arat - But
Muhammad Shah Khan dur i ng h i s l i f e t i me had made many and numerous
p o we r f u l enemi es, who would not l eave him i n pe a c e when dead- His
gr a ve was ope ne d t h e f i r s t ni ght , and t h e body exhumed and left
e x pos e d. I t was t h e r e u p o n r e - i nt e r r e d; and a f t e r t h i s f o r several
mont hs a guar d was k e p t n i g h t and day a t h i s tomb t o pr event a
r e p e t i t i o n o f t h e oc c ur r e nc e .
" Th e i mp r i s o n me n t t h a t o u r c a p t i v e s u n d e r we n t a t h i s f o r t at
Badi abad, whi ch was r e vi s i t e d by Gener al Br i ght ' s f o r c e On t h e l gt h
February 1880, a t t a c h e s a pecul i ar i n t e r e s t t o t h e name and act i on
of t h e man.
llf.Jis son Faiz Muhammad is al s o much r e s p e c t e d , bot h a s a c h i e f and
sol di er. H i s famous i nt er vi ew wi t h Si r Loui s Cavagnari a t Lala Chi na
below ALi Masjid during September 1878 when he was in command of t h e
~ h i l z a i l e v i e s , is t o o w e l l known and t o o f r e s h t o a l l t o b e
r epeat ed here."
principal pl aces of not e. The d i s t r i c t of Laghman cont ai ns no t own
of any note. Char bagh, whi ch is t h e l a r g e s t pl ace in it, is more
l i ke a vi l l age wi t h many haml et s t han a town. In Babar' s t i m e t h e r e
were some famous ga r de ns i n it; b u t t h e r e is not t h e l e a s t s i g n of
them in t h e s e days. Mandrawar is a not he r l a r ge and f l our i s hi ng
village, wi t h a good Hindu t r a di ng community wi t hi n its walls.
Tirgarhi was a l s o f l our i s hi ng, unt i l a s e ve r e f l ood i n t h e t wo
r i ver s over t hr ew its haml et s and r ui ned its envi r ons. Of zi ar at s ,
Laghman is p r e t t y f ul l .
(1) Zi ar at - i - Meht ar Lam, s i t u a t e d i n t h e Maira Pot a i o r Dasht - i -
Ziarat, named a f t e r Noah' s f a t h e r , whose f abul ous de a t h ha s al r eady
been not ed above. I t is a r ect angul ar encl os ur e, p r e t t y c r owde d wi t h
gr apes whi ch seems t o be enl ar ged a t t h e w i l l of t h e "Mujawirans" t o
fill t hei r purses. The water is brought down t hr ough t h e de s e r t from
a c u t i n t h e r i ve r by Arora, Ganjawan, Manozai, t o t h e zi ar at , and
f i l l s a l a r ge cover ed r es er voi r . Mehtar Lam's tomb is c l o s e t o t h e
western end of t h e encl os ur e and seems al ways f u l l of r apaci ous
mullas; and beyond its l e n g t h and r e put e d s a nc t i t y, t h e r e is not hi ng
ext r aor di nar y about it. A s h o r t di s t a nc e from it t owa r ds t h e nor t h
l i es t h e gr ave of Taimur' s wi f e, mot her of Shah Shuja, and t h a t of
hi s son Shahzada Muhammad Akbar, bot h cover ed wi t h a neat dome;
almost t ouchi ng it, in a r ui nous condi t i on, lies t h e tomb of Wazir
Nizam-ud-Daub and t h a t of some of h i s family. About t h e 1 1 t h o r
12th of Rabi-ul-Sani e ve r y year a l a r ge f a i r is hel d her e, t o whi ch
t housands g a t h e r from al l pa r t s of t h e count r y, whi l e ever y Fr i day
i t is vi s i t ed by h u n d r e d s of mullas; and t al i bs.
(2) Ziarat of Pir Babaji i n Lora Mora, whi ch c u r e s men a f f l i c t e d
with rheumatism.
( 3) Sultan Ghazi Baba in Deh-i-Malakh, f o r f ever .
( 4 ) Babaji Baba i n Hasanzai, f or small-pox.
(5) Abdul Karim Baba in Noa Ram, Pir of t h e Mohmands. And about
f our t een o t h e r s i n d i f f e r e n t pa r t s of t h e count r y.
Subdi vi si ons. Dutton di vi de s t h e Laghman d i s t r i c t i nt o (1) Kats
Laghman; ( 2) Laghman pr oper ; (3) Alishang and Alingar val l eys; ( 4)
DaSht -i -~i arat . The ar ea of t h e s e combined is, h e says, from 750 t o
600 s quar e miles, about one- t ent h of whi ch is cul t i vat ed. But f o r
revenue pur pos es , accor di ng t o Warburton, t h e d i s t r i c t has t wo
subdi vi si ons: (1) Lag hman-i-Af g hania, whi ch embr aces al l t h e A g han
vi l l ages from Darunta t o Ti r gar hi , and t h e n goe s up t h e Alingar
valley t o Kulman, Chi t t as , and Niazi; ( 2) Laghman-i-Tajikia, whi ch
i ncl udes all t h e Tajik vi l l ages t o Ti r gar hi , and t h e n r uns up t h e
Mishang val l ey t o Shamahat Salab and Najil. The f ol l owi ng is a list
t h e vi l l ages a s gi ven by Warburton:
Li s t of v i l l a g e s of Laghman-i-Afghania:
VILLAGE
TRIBES VILLAGE TRIBES
I. SWAT1 Nasir Ghundi ~ b d ul ~ a h i m zai
G hi l zai s G hilzais
Kala-i-AMul Hamid I'
Banda-i-Kazi II IV. BOLAN Jabar Khel,
Daulabbad 11 etc.
Ghundi I' Kala-i-Sultan
Kala-i-Ma1 ik Rustam
II Muhamnad #I
Kala-i-Muhamnad
Deh Azim Khan Dehgan
Yusuf Khojawadan Dehgan and
Deh-i-Mu hammad Amin
I 1
G hilzais
Banda-i-Mian Nur II V. DARA LAM Dehgan
Kala- i-Muhamnad II
Azim Khan go Banda Badi II
Deh Saiyid Ahmad #I Wal i II
Kala-i-Arab Khan In Abdul Salam Ut Khel
Kala- i-Sherdil II
VI . KAMALPUR Jabar
11. KARGAI Tajik and Khel, etc.
Jabar Khel Banda Bahram
Kala-i-Muhamnad II Khan In
Azim Khan Ditto I!
Kala-i-Aziz Khan II
Kala- i-Dandar I@ VII. LAMATI Dehgans and
Surkhakan
It SAHAK Ghilzais
Kala- i-Muhamad n Kala- i-Sahrab #I
Shah Khan Sadar Din II
Kala-i-Mamwai II Banda Hawar Ur ia Khel
Beya t Bad ro Mixed
111. AGHRABAD Ut Khel tribes
Ghilzais VIII. KASAMABAD Dehgran
Kala- i-Haidar II
Kala-i-Tajuddin It Sangir i N
Kala- i-Muhamnad II Banda- i-
Kasim Malik Hamid II
Kala-i-Gul Baz II Banda-i-Mulla
Kala- i-Nuro #I Badshahgul I t
Kala-i-Gul Ahmad I* Banda-i-Tuti #I
Kala-i-Adil II
Kala-i-Asad #I IX. HUSAINABAD Abdul
Old Aghrabad
II Rahimzai
Old La1 Muhammad II Lamatai Sulaiman
Old Gul Ahmad I@ Khel
II
Old Allahdad II Wattapar It
Old Allahadad, 11 la Bahrabad I~
Old Kahir I( Deh- i-Akhun-
Old Sher Muhamnad #I zadagan II
Old Hashim II Kala- i-Umar I!
Kala-i-Ahad Khan AMul Rahimzai Banda-i-Sherdel II
Ghilzais
X. DARAGHAR Mumnozai Kohna Kala Kot Dehgan
Ghilzai Deh-i-Kazian 3
Kala-i-Samandar I) Massi Khel Dehgan
Kala- i-Kashrnir I) Ziarat Chi lgazi
La1 Muhamnad I* Baba II
Banda-i-Shahabad n Banda- i-Adhunzadagan "
Bela-i-Rustam n
Banda-i-Bushai Mullah Khel XVIII. KACHRA Tara Khel
6 above ~hilzais
XI. ANDAR Mian Khel 6 Kala-i-Tara Khel .........=
Dehg an
XII. RIKAGAN Rika XIX. SAYAKANDA Tara Khel
~hilzais
Kala-i-Baluchabad Rika b XX. CHARDEHI m a r Khel
Mian Khel
Kala-i-AMul Rahman " Kabil-i-Mulla Jan
Banda-i-Baz Gul #I Dad
~ m a ~ and
Khel ha
II
Dehi Baghlak n
Kala-i-Langar Khan Shamsher
Khan Khel
Kala-i-Pir Muhamnad
Kala-i-Shao Khan
II
Kala- i-Khal Muhamnad"
Hasan Khel m a r and Rika
Kala-i-Muhamnad
Rahim Umar and Rika
Kala-i-AMul Rahim ' I
Kala-i-Sher Gul 11
XXVI. HARMAL Mixed tribes
Kala-i-Akram I !
Kabil- i-Akram II
Ali Asghar n
XXVI I. KATTAL Dehg an
Kala-i-Shah Nur Babakar Khel
Kala-i-Mir Akhor 11
Kala- i-Sher Ahmad
Khan to
Banda-i-Abl Khan
I1
Banda
I1
Kala-i-Makam Khan Muhd. Khel
Kala-i-Manjuma I@
XXXIX. NIAZI KHEL Niazi Khel
Kala-i-Ghulam Jan Khadani
Kala-i-Nur Ghilzai
Muhamnad
Kala-i-Saiyid Ahmad "
Kala-i-Amir Muhamnad "
Kala-i-Azund in 11
Kala-i-Rinda Gul Ghilzai
Kala-i-Tingawar I~
Kala-i-Hazrat Nur I~
Kala-i-Malik Jahid I*
Kala-i-Tak I)
Kala-i-Fakir It
Muhanunad Akzan
Kala-i-Sharfuddin II
Kala-i-Hasan 11
Banda-Sharfuddin I@
Kala-i-Sharfudd in #I
Kala-i-Ahmad Khan II
Kala-i-Umra Khoza Khel
Kala-i-Malik Adam Kota Khel
Kala-i-AMul Kadir Khoza Khel
XL. DARA-I-SAO Kohistani
XLI. KULMAN Kohistani
XLII. ZEBANI/ZARANI Kohistani
Uria Khel
XXXII. ADHARAND Aroki
WARNATA
Kala- i-Akbar
I1
Kala- i-Baz Khan
I*
Kala-i-Hakim
II
Kala-i-Malikdin 11
XXX I I I . LOKARH Arok i
Kala-i-Jan Muhammad "
XXXIV. DEH-I-TAG Kohistani
XXXV. KACHUR Kohistani
Kala- i-Saf i Khan Shamsher
Khan
Deh Fatehulla
I1
Banda-i-Mulla Saleh I '
Banda-i-Sadulla
II
XXXVI. SALAB Kohistani
XXXVII . KALA-I- Kohistani
JAN MUHAMMAD
XXXVIII. WATT1 Jabar
JABAR KHEL Khel
XLVI. KAGAKACH Mamo za i
Kala-i-Kaza Khan
I1
Kala-i-Sultan
11
Muhamnad Khan
Chaparha
XLVII. KACH-I-
ILYAS
Band-i-Mulla Ilyas and
Gulbaz Kha i ro
Khe 1
XLVIII. SURKHAKAN Nasir
Banda-i-Din Muhamnad "
Banda-i-Fatehulla
XLIX. GULKABI Musa Khel
L. KACH-I-AZIZ Jaba r
KHAN Khel
Wal iabad
I1
Tiragar Kandarzai
I1
Rawat Chinzai
Kala-i-Asmatulla Jabar
Khan Khel
Arninabad Dehgan
~otlahai Azam
~anda-i-Abdulla
I 1
Khan
Banda-i-Murad Khan
11
Banda- i-Mu1 la Azam
II
Ka j Mian Khan
I 1
XLIII. SAHRDAN Kuchis
~ala-i-Damard in
I 1
Banda-i-Muhamnad
11
Islam
~anda-i-Shahabudd in "
~eh-i-Dur Muhammad "
XLIV. KACH MUHAMMAD Jabar Khel
ALI KHAN
XLV. URMUR Mamoza i
Banda-i-Bahaudd in 11
Banda- i-Din Muhammad "
Lists of villages in Laghman-i-Tajikia.
VILLAGE TRIBES VILLAGE TRIBES
I. CHARBAGH Tajik
~ala-i-Ghularn Jan
Kala- i-Muhammad Akram
Kala- i-Muhamad Akbar
~ala-i-Saiyidan
Lalpur
Kala-i-Saiyid Ali
Deh-i-KUZ ~ulalani
Deh-i-Bar Kulalani
Kala-i-Muf ti
Kala-i-Kazi
Banda- i -Baba
Kala-i-Ibrahim
Kala-i-Mulla Idr is
Kala- i-Sardar Muham-
mad Yahya
Kala- i-Bostan
Kala- i-Muhamad
Akrarn Khan
Kala-i-Mulla Haidar
Kala-i-Gul Badshah
Kala-i-Hazi Arbab
(Kazi?)
Kala-i-Kalatak
Kala-i-~rwa
Kala-i-Ha j i Rasul
Khan
Kala-i-Kazi Imamuddin
Banda-i-Akhunzada
Kala-i-~ian Nur
I I. MANDRAWAR Taj ik
Kala- i-Hamesha- Taj ik
dahar
Banda-i-Tajo In
Kal a- i-Ayab In
Banda-i-Ali Ahmad #I
Kala-i-Nao It
Kala-i-Nao In
Kala-i-Nazir Turabaz "
Kala-i-Muhamnad #I
Jan
Karaho In
Kala- i-Shahghasi !I
Kala-i-Mullayan II
Kala-i-Mirza #I
IV. TAJIKIA GUNKAR Tajik
V. TIRGARHI Taj ik
Bagh-i-Bibi Sahiba
Shigi
Kala-i-Jaji
Kala- i-Sher Muharmad
Kala- i-Hasan
Kale-i-Khala Khel
Deh-i-Ziarat
Deh-i-Sherulla Khan
Banda-i-Abdul Ahmad
Kala-i-Shah Baz
Sang Toda
Deh- i -War
Deh-i-Sul tan
Dippi II
Kishmishabad II
Kala-i-Kazai I~
Kala-i-Khwaja I#
Muhammad
Abdur Rahim Khel II
111. HAIDAR KHAN1 Tajik
Banda-i-Fakir II
Kala- i-Muhammad 1~
Saiyid
Kala-i-Muhamnad lo
Saiyid
Kabil-i-Aziz Tajik
Khan
Kabi 1-i-Sul tan #I
Muhamnad
Kabi 1-i-Pir Muhamnad "
Khan
Rabil-i-Purdil In
Kabi 1- i-Suf i 11
Kabil-i-Mulla N
Ziarat-i-Sultan Ghazi "
Banda- i-AWulla In
Banda-i-Zafar II
Banda- i-Hazi II
Banda-i-Tara II
Kala- i-Sarwar Khan I)
Banda In
VIII. MARIAM Dehg an
Muhamnad pu r om
Kala-i-Mulla Afzal )I
Kala-i-Mir Badshah It
Kala- i-Kasim @I
Kala-i-Sufian 11
Kala-i-Malik Lang I)
Kala-i-Mullayan 11
Banda-i-Malik Shuja "
Ma1 ik Jan Muharimad N
Kala-i-Mansur Khan Ta j ik
IX. CHUNDKU Dehg an
Banda- i-Fak ir II
Muhamnad
Banda-i-Mirza Saiyid
Muhamad
Kanda N
X. NAWAR LAM Mixed
Tribes
XI. ALI SHANG Taj ik
Mazkura
Kall icha
Muhammad Khan
Mariam Kora II
Kala- i-Muhammad Khan
Kala-i-Wali II
VI. PASHA1 Tajik
Deh-i-Malakh II
Deh- i-Hashim #I
Banda-i-Fakiran I)
VII. GOMAIN Tajik
Kala-i-Amir Khan
I 1
Deh-i-Mianji Khel
Deh-i-Kazi !I
Deh-i-Safi I@
Deh- i-Hasazi
II
Kala- i-Kulma Ha j 1 Mixed
Sahib Tr ibes
XII. SHIMRAM Kohistani
XIII. GARGAR Saf i
Kansigar
II
Kala-i-Sarfaraz Khan "
XIV. KOTALI Dehgan
Gha z iabad II
Kala- i-Muhamnad It
Ab id
Man j an
I 1
Shamsi khel II
XV. NAJIL Tajik
XVI . SHERGARH Mixed
Tr ibes
Ganji Najabuddin
Deh-i-Aiaz
Deh-i-Mulla Ashraf
Banda- i-Sadulla
Banda- i-Mulla Ashraf
Deh-i-AWulla
Kha i rabad
Kala-i-Sher Gul
Banda-i-Lalai
Banda-i-Mulla Rahim
Banda- i-Si kandar
Banda-i-Muzi
Banda-i-Ma j id
Banda- i-Malik Sher
Muhamnad
Banda- i -Ghu 1 am
Bnada-i-Hamid
Banda-i-Addo Khel
Taj Garhi
II
~aji Zargun Shah
II
Tara Khel
~ala-i-Shahghasi 11
Kala- i-Ata Muhammad "
Khan
~eh-i-Mishkati II
Shakaiman Khel
Deh- i-Mi r zaj an Mi xed
Tribes
Deh-i-Zargaran It
Kala- i-Shah Muhamnad "
Deh- i-Dost Muhammad
II
Kala- i-Fateh
Muhamnad
Banda- i-Kalandar
Banda-i-Isakzai
Far o za i
Kala-i-Haji Sahib
Deh- i-Muhammad
Akhunzada
And a r wan
XXV. PALA KHEL
XXVI . NAORAM
XVII. PULWATA Taj i k Ha j iabad
Dubur j a
Kala- i-Ohadadar It Krandali
Taj ik
XVIII. AHMADZAI Taj ik XXVII. DARA NAJIL It
XIX. GHUNDI Uria Khel Sih Khandeh It
Kalwata #I
Banda #I Kala- i-Ata Muhamnad "
Kotah #I
XX. GANJAWAN II Kaswak II
Mandul #I
Kala-i-Malik Sherdil " Daratui I*
Deh-i-Shakarabad I# Shahi II
Kala- i-Saadat Khan I~ Dakawai to I*
Naora and Ulwak II
XXI . ISLAMABAD Mixed Dwa Shakh II
Tribes Dun Kroh It
Haidar Khani
Kala-i-Fa iz
XXVIII. JAMSHIDABAD Tajik
Muhammad Khan XXIX. MANJAN Kohistani
Girdi #I
XXI I. DARA SALAB
Kala- i-Allaram
Kala-i-Shah Nur
Kala- i-Hal im
Banda- i -Muhammad
Azim Akhundzada
Tang i
Kotki
Dakian
Ghundi-i-Barakzai
Sharbat-~hel
XXX. REHAN Saf i
Dehgan
XXIII. DARWESHABAD Tajik
Kalagai ) I
Kala- i-Akhunzada I#
Dera-i-Mirza Sahib I#
XXXI. SHAMS1 KHEL Dehgan
I8
II
Wa tangatu
I1
Nalu
11
Krandal i
XXIV. MORCHA KHEL II
Kala-i-Mian Sahib II
Tr ades and manuf act ur er s. The onl y t r a d e i n Laghman is t ha t of rice
of whi ch no less t han f our d i f f e r e n t s o r t s a r e r ai s ed i n t h e country
and e x p o r t e d on r a f t s t o Jal al abad, or t aken by Kuchis t o Kabul.
Iron is i mpor t ed from Bajaur, and salt from Peshawar. Grapes and
mul l ber r i es a r e cul t i vat ed i n abundance; t h e o t h e r f r ui t s are not
worth r ecor di ng.
Agr i cul t ur al pr oduc t s . With t h e e x c e p t i o n of t h e d e s e r t j ust due
nor t h of ~at s - i - Azi z Khan and t h e Dasht-i-Ziarat, t h e di s t r i ct of
Lag hman is e xt e ns i ve l y c ul t i va t e d, havi ng t h r e e r i ve r s and t hi rt y-
e i g h t i r r i ga t i on canal s. The i nha bi t a nt s of t h e val l ey have brought
under c r o p e ve r y b i t of l and wher ever t h e y can manage t o carry any
qua nt i t y of wat er; on t h i s account t h e l a nds a r e aJl abi and very
val uabl e, and ver y little l a l m i or d e p e n d e n t e nt i r e l y on rain. Wells
a r e f ew, and a r e t o be f ound onl y h e r e and t h e r e i n cer t ai n masjids,
and us ed f o r pur pos e s of abl ut i on.
The c h i e f p r o d u c t s of t h e s pr i ng ha r ve s t a r e wheat and barley. The
autumn c r o p s pr oduc e c ot t on, j owar, mash, r i c e of f our s or t s , and
s ugar cane ( s m a l l qua nt i t i e s ) . The b e s t wheat is gr own in Kats-i-Aziz
Khan, Mandrawar and Charbagh.
Pal ezi r e f e r s t o cul t i vat i on of cucumber s, pumpki ns, t ur ni ps which
a r e gr own i n abundance.
The f r u i t pr oduced in Laghman is not t o be compared t o t ha t raised
i n J a l a l a ba d.
Speaki ng gener al l y, t h e cul t i vat i on is of a hi gh cl as s , and t her e is
no doubt t h a t a l a r g e amount of s u p p l i e s is f or t hcomi ng.
Revenue Syst em. The r evenue s ys t em of Lag hmanis similar t o t hat of
J al al abad.
Ot her r evenue b e s i d e s l and. The d i f f e r e n t t a x e s a s r eal i sed in 1879-
80 may now be given.
(1) J a r a b i , a t ax on hor t i c ul t ur e :
R a
On sugar cane 10 0 per j a r i b
On melons, veget abl es ( pa l e z i ) 4 0 "
II
On t obacco 7 0 I'
II
on c ot t on 8 0 "
I'
On tamh i 1 1 8 I'
n
( 2) Asia ( each m i l l ) R 7 t o 3
( 3) Asnaf is a t ax on t r a de
Weavers 1 t o 3
Dyers 1 t o 3
Smi t hs 1 t o 4
Sword-makers 1 t o 3
Te l is 2 t o 5
Gol dsmi t hs
3 t o 4
Fr ui t - s e l l e r s 2 t o 5
Bazaz 2 t o 5
Faludapaz
8
Kol al s
1 t o 3
Bakers, two shops pay
100 per annm
Shal i Koh of Charbagh onl y 20 t o 5 s hahi s
( 4) Shakh Shamars merely in Char bagh pays R2 t o 4 on each she-
buf f a l o.
( 5 ) J i z i a is a t ax l evi ed on Hindus from 3 t o 4 shahi s.
( 6 ) Dudi, a house-t ax of R 1 and 2 s h a h i s on each Hindu' s shop in
Charbag h and Alishang.
( 7) Kadkhudai is l evi ed merel y in Ti r gar hi and Alishang on t he
marri age of Hi ndus a t t h e r a t e of R 5 t o 10.
( 8) Mehmani is i ncl uded in t h e r evenue.
(9) ~as um- l - Daf ar is c o l l e c t e d me r e l y i n Laghrnan-i -Taj i ki a.
(10) Sayer o r Cha but r a is l e v i e d i n Ch a r b a g h , Al i s hang, Ti r ga r hi .
(11) Soap t a x i n Char bagh onl y.
(12) ~ 0 t w a l i i n Char bagh, Ti r g a r h i , Al i s hang.
(13) Kahbaha is i n c l u d e d i n t h e r e v e n u e , and means t h e va l ue pa i d t o
t h e St a t e f o r its s h a r e o f b h u s a and mi s s a bhus a , n o t r e q u i r e d f o r
t h e use of Government.
(14) ~ a r a z u d a r i is t h e sum pai d by t h e f a r me r o f Dhar wai s d u e s ,
whi ch a r e us ual l y 4 seers o f g r a i n f r om e a c h k h a r wa r o f v i l l a g e
produce.
(15) Nawadi is a t a x r e a l i s e d by s ome f or me r haki m a t h i s w i l l
and p l e a s u r e f r om Dara-i-Lam, Andar , Kanda, Dandar, a t t h e r a t e o f
R S t o R12.
(16) Chaudhar ana is pai d t o mas ul l i s f o r c l e a ni ng g r a i n a t Khi rman,
who i n r e t u r n hand a s h a r e o f R5 t o R20 t o t h e St a t e .
(17) Dallak is t h e t a x pai d b y b a r b e r s , who r e c e i v e a small s h a r e
from t h e v i l l a g e f o r t h e i r s e r v i c e s .
Fi xed e x p e n d i t u r e . (1) Wazi fa is t h e a l l owa nc e i n c a s h and g r a i n
paid t o t h e p r i e s t l y and r e l i g i o u s c l a s s e s , wh i c h i n c l u d e Sa y y i d s ,
Ulama, Sahi bzadas , Khoj azadas , Fuka r a s , etc.
The l e a r ne d and r e l i g i o u s p e r s o n s i n Lag hman as w e l l as i n Jal al -
abad a r e i n r e c e i p t of a wazi f a. T h e s e men a r e k e p t c o n t e n t e d b y t h e
r ul e r s o f Kabul t o s u i t t h e i r own p u r p o s e s , and many o f t he m h a v e
r e nde r e d good s e r v i c e s i n r e t u r n by s t i r r i n g u p t h e f a na t i c i s m o f
t h e hi l l t r i b e s a g a i n s t us . In e v e r y r i s i n g t h a t h a s t a k e n p l a c e
s i n c e November 1 8 7 8 t h e l e a d e r s h a v e al ways b e e n mul l as l i k e Mush k-
i-Alam o f Ghazni , and Khal i l o f t h e Mohrnand h i l l s , and number s o f
o t h e r s o f i n f e r i o r not e .
(2) Malikana is t h e a l l owa nc e pai d t o headmen i n t h e Taj i ki a s u b d i -
vi si on o f Laghman onl y f o r s e r v i c e s r e n d e r e d by t hem; i n Laghman-
Af g hani a it is t e r me d t a n k h wah-i -wi l ayat i .
(3) Ta k h f i f means r e mi s s i o n o f r e v e n u e f o r di l uvi on, etc.
(4) Tankh wah-i -wi l ayat i is t h e a l l owa nc e pai d t o d i f f e r e n t c h i e f s
and not a bl e s f o r t h e i r s e r v i c e s ; t h i s c us t om is s a i d t o h a v e b e e n
i naugur at ed f i r s t i n t h e d a y s o f Ahmad Sh a h , Abdal i , who wi s h e d t o
reward men f o r t h e i r g a l l a n t b e h a v i o u r i n Hi ndus t a n, and o r i g i n a t e d
t h i s cus t om on h i s r e t u r n .
A m i l and Zabi t is t h e a l l owa nc e pai d t o t h e d a f t a r i s and f a u j d a r s o f
Laghman .
Warburt on f u r n i s h e s (1879-80) t h e f ol l owi ng a c c o u n t o f t h e r e v e n u e s
and e x p e n d i t u r e . Th e c a l c u l a t i o n s a r e b a s e d on Kabul i r u p e e s :
NATURE OF INCOME QUANTITY VALUE
(1) DARA-I-TAJIKIA
Cash ....
Wheat 801 kh. 65 1/ 2 seers
Bar l ey 56 " 46 I@
Ghal l a 43 I' 51 1/ 4
Jowar 166 I' 4 1/4
Masur 11 " 3 1/4 "
Kangni 20 " 6 3/4 "
Sa r son 42 seers
Mash 4 kh. 1 5 seers
Ti 1 15 1/ 2 s e e r s
Mustard 6 3 / 4 "
Takhur-i -pal ak 1 3/4 "
Br i nj - i - bar a Peshawar i 47 kh. 66 1/4 seers
Shal i Kunar 507 " 23 1/ 4
Shal i ~ u k 1, 368 " 74 1/2 "
Shali Bara Laghman 847 " 5 3/4 " 33,882 14 0
Shali Bara Peshawari 48 1/4 seers 24 2 0
Shali Karnal 1 kh. 17 1/2 seers 54 8 0
Total 203,304 0 0
(2) DARA-I-AFGHANIA R a P a
Cash 49,054 9 0
Ghalla (wheat and barley) 63 kh. 20 seers 3,162 8 0
Wheat 573 " 35 " 34,406 4 0
Bar ley 47 I 7 1/2 seers 2,119 2 0
Jowar 305 " 40
I 1
13,747 8 0
Masur 17 " 4
II
852 8 0
Kangni 13 " 63 1/2 " 345 0 0
Mash 7 " 79 1/2 " 359 13 0
Peas 55 " 37 1/2 " 1,664 0 0
Sarson 19 1/2 seers 12 0 0
Ti 1 5
I 1
5 0 0
Mustard 26
II
16 0 0
Shali Kunar 330 kh. 7 1/4 seers 13,203 12 0
Shali Luk 1,891 I' 4 " 66,186 12 0
Shali Bara 47 " 19
II
1,889 8 0
Shali Karnal 1 " 69
II
83 12 0
TOTAL 187,108 0 0
OTHER REVENUE - OF LAGHMAN-I-TAJIKIA
NATURE OF INCOME
-
Jama Kalandar
Asnaf
Koh Khosha
Tawach i
Kahbaha
Chabutra
Chungarana
Tarazudar i
Asiab
Rasum
Tahm i 1
Cotton
Palezi
Khani
TOTAL 38,448 10 0
THER REVENUE - OF LAGHMAN-I-AFGHANIA
NATURE OF INCOME
-
Jama Kalandar Khani
Mehman i
Kahbaha
Khar j Jamai
Asiab
Koh Khosha
Koh Mash
Tarazudari
Cot ton
Palezi
Chungarana
Namad
Asnaf
TOTAL
FIXED CHARGES THE
-
REVENUE
NATURE OF PAYMENT
--
QUANTITY VALUE
(I). WAZIFAS
Cash
Ghalla
Shal i
TOTAL
(11). MALIKANA
Cash
Gha 1 la
Shal i
TOTAL
(111). TAKHFIF
Cash
R a.pi
..... 3,299 4 0
81 kh. 10 seers 4,056 4 0
154 " 50 " 5,427 8 0
66 kh. 70 seers
111 I' 15 "
( IV) . TANKHWAH -I-WILAYATI
Cash .....
Ghalla 170 kh. 10 seers
Sha 1 i 722 " 60 I'
Mash 60 seers
Jowar 31 kh. 40 seers
Kangni 7 'I
TOTAL
(V). AMIL AND ZABIT
Cash .....
Ghalla 60 kh. 55 seers
Shali 139 " 60 "
TOTAL
REVENUE AND EXPENDITURES COMPARED
-
DETAIL
LAND-NUE
-
AMOUNT
TOTAL 3,90,412 0 0
The total expenditure is-- R a. P.
1. Wazifas 12,783 0 0
2. Milikana 11,142 12 0
3. Takhf i f 1, 315 2 0
4. Tankhwah 63,685 5 0
5. A m i l and Za bi t 16, 512 14 0
-
1, 05, 439 1 0
BALANCE 2, 84, 972 1 5 0
Ci vi l admi ni s t r at i on. The c i vi l admi ni s t r at i on of Laghman is car-
r i e d on u n d e r a Gover nor a ppoi nt e d from Kabul.
H e usual l y resi des
a t Ti r gar hi . Sar dar Abdul Majid Khan, Muhammadzai, is said t o be
~ a k i m a t t h e p r e s e n t t i m e (1907). I t w i l l b e of i n t e r e s t t o enter
i n t o a br i e f a c c ount of t h e f e w Gover nor s t h a t have been appointed
subsequent t o 1842.
The a u t h o r i t y a bout t h e t i m e t h a t our t r o o p s evacuat ed Kabul is said
t o have be e n v e s t e d i n t h e ha nds of Muhammad Shah Khan, Abu Bakar
Khel Ghi l zai . Tha t c h i e f f e l l i n t o d i s g r a c e about t h e peri od that
t h e Pes hawar d i s t r i c t came i n t o o u r ha nds .
Ami r Dost Muhammad Khan
r e t u r n i n g t o Kabul, be s t owe d t h e r e v e n u e s of t h e Tajikia portion of
Laghman on h i s b r o t h e r Sul t an Muhammad Khan, val ued a t 3 l akhs of
r u p e e s . Sar dar Sul t an Muhammad Khan di vi de d t h i s bet ween hi s de-
s c e n d a n t s , Sar dar Sul t an Muhammad Khan di vi de d t h i s bet ween his
d e s c e n d a n t s , Sar dar Yahia Khan s e c ur i ng R48,000 f o r himself and
R12,000 p e r annum f o r h i s wi f e.
On t h e d e a t h of Sar dar Sul t an Muhammad Khan, t h e Tajikia, subdivi-
s i on was be s t owe d on h i s s on, Sar dar Yahia Khan, e x c e p t Mandrawar,
Islamabad Sal ah, Sabr abad, val ued a t R25,000 p e r annum, which had
come t o Sar dar Zakaria Khan. When A m i r S h e r A l i Khan t ur ned against
and i mpr i s oned h i s s on Sar dar Yakub Khan, who was married to a
d a u g h t e r o f Sar dar Yahia Khan, t h e l a t t e r , e x c i t i n g t h e suspi ci on of
t h e Amir by t h i s r e l a t i ons hi p, and havi ng h i s j a gi r s s e i z e d, f l ed to
Kashmir wi t h h i s s ons , Sa r da r s Asaf Khan and Yusuf Khan.
The Amir t h e n a ppoi nt e d Sar dar Abdulla Khan, s on of Sultan Jan,
Hakim o f a l l Laghman, who r emai ned i n o f f i c e unt i l t h e advance of
t h e Br i t i s h t r o o p s i n t o t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t about t h e commence-
ment of 1879, when I smat ul l a Khan r i s i ng up a ga i ns t t h e Amir's
a ut hor i t y, Sar dar Abdulla Khan f l e d t o Kabul.
Sar dar Yahia Khan was s e n t u p wi t h h i s s o n s by our Government to
a s s i s t Major Cavagnar i i n h i s ne got i a t i ons wi t h Sar dar ~uhammad
Yakub Khan; and when t h e t r e a t y o f Gandamak was s i gne d, Sardar Asaf
Khan was a ppoi nt e d t o t h e vacant Gove r nor s hi p of Laghman. In Octo-
be r 1879 Yahia Khan was a r r e s t e d a t Kabul by o r d e r of Si r I?. Roberts
who c o n s i d e r e d him one who would be s u r e t o us e hi s influence
a g a i n s t us. H e was s u b s e q u e n t l y d e p o r t e d t o ~ n d i a ( wi t h zakaria
Khan), and f o r ni ne mont hs r emai ned a St a t e pr i s one r a t Almere*
I mmedi at el y b e f o r e t h e evacuat i on of Kabul ( August 1880) t h e whole
o f Yahia Khan' a fami l y were a l s o s e n t t o I ndi a, and remained at
Lahor e and Amri t sar wi t h Yahia Khan, who had i n t h e meantime ceased
t o be a St a t e pr i s oner . In March 1881 Yahia Khan was grant ed a
f i xed monthly allowance of R600, excl usi ve of R1,000 per mensem paid
t o h i s t wo s o n s , Asaf Khan and Yusuf Khan. In May 1881 t h e family
moved t o Dehra. The fami l y tree w i l l be u s e f u l he r e ,
beginning
wi t h:
Painda Khan
Sul t an Muhamnad Khan
Yahya Khan
Dr. of Dost Muhamad
Zakari a Khan
I
+ + I
Yusuf Khan Asaf Khan Taj Muhammad Khan Fat eh Muhammad Khan
The ot he r s ons of Sul t an Muhammad Khan, who a r e sai d t o have num-
bered no less t han 70, have been omi t t ed.
1t has always been a d i f f i c u l t under t aki ng f o r t h e Governor of
Laghman t o r eal i s e not only h i s own j agi r s , but t h e d i f f e r e n t "ba-
rats" i s s ued from Kabul on Laghman Afghani a by t h e Amir of Kabul,
from t h e t r oubl esome Ghi l zai c h i e f s , who swarm in t h a t qua r t e r of
A g hanistdn, and i nvari abl y set t h e Hakim' s a ut hor i t y a t def i ance.
Currency, etc. Ther e a r e i n Lag hrnan a s w e l l a s i n Jalalabad t wo
systems of computation, both in wei ght and in money. The one method
of computing by r ecover i ng is cal l ed "them pukht a, " and is a s f ol -
lows :
50 d i n a r s = 1 shahi
2 pa i s a s = 1 sanar
2 s a na r s = 1 abbasi
3 abbas i s = 1 rupee.
This r upee, est i mat ed by t h e we i ght of s i l ve r in it, i s wor t h 13
annas and 6 pi e s of our money.
The ot he r met hod of comput i ng is cal l ed "k ham," and is a s f ol l ows:
10 d i n a r s = 1 pai s a
5 pa i s a s = 1 shahi
10 s ha hi s = 1 rupee
20 r upees = 1 toman.
One toman is wor t h R16 and 8 s h a h i s "pukht a. " The "kham" r upe e is
merely one of account ; it bear s no t angi bl e e xi s t e nc e . A l l t h e
revenue account s a r e k e p t on t h i s syst em.
Measuring wei ght s
1 char ak = 16 khurds
4 char aks = 1 s e e r
8 s e e r s = 1 maund
10 maunds = 1 kharwar.
The s e e r equal s 7 s e e r s and 13-1/2 c h i t t a c k s of Br i t i s h Indi an
st andard wei ght ; cons equent l y one khar war comes t o 15 maunds 27
seers and 8 chi t t acks of our standard weights.
Th e Tabrizi method in whi ch t h e r evenue account s a r e k e p t is a s
f 01 lows :
2-1/2 char aks = 1 maunds
100 maunds = 1 kharwar.
One of t h e s e maunds i s equal t o 4 s e e r s 14-1/2 c h i t t a c k s of our
st andar wei ght ; hence a "TabriziW kharwar is equal t o 12 maunds 10
Seers and 10 c h i t t a c k s of our wei ght .
I n computing t h e va l ue of t h e revenue--
R
1 kharwar of wheat and b a r l e y mixed 5 0
1 wheat 6 0
1 jowar 4 5
1 b a r l e y 4 5
1 masur 5 0
1 kangni 25
1 mash 4 5
1 sangak 3 0
1 s ha r s ha f 100
1 r i c e Kunari 4 5
1 rice and ba r a Peshawari b a r l e y mixed 80
1 ri ce and ba r a Laghman #I II 5 0
1 rice and Ha r r i a l II *I 40
1 rice and Luk 11 I# 35
Communi cat i ons. The f ol l owi ng a r e t h e p r i n c i p a l r o a d s runni ng
t h r o u g h t h e d i s t r i c t :
From Jal al abad, al ong t h e r i g h t bank o f Kabul r i ve r p a s t Khairo Khel
and Dar gai Oba, t o Sar obi and t h e n c e t o Kabul by t h e Tangi Gharu. A
good camel r oad, and w i l l pr obabl y s oon b e f i t f o r wheel ed trans-
por t .
Cr os s i ng t h e Kabul r i ve r a t Jal al abad a good mule-road r uns north-
w e s t t o Mandrawar and t h e n c e n o r t h t o Ti r gar hi .
From Mandrawar a good mule-road l e a ds w e s t over t h e Badpakht pass to
Nagalu.
From Ti r ga r hi mul e- pat hs l e a d u p t h e Al i ngar and Al i shang valleys.
In 1908 a steel s u s p e n s i o n b r i d g e was b u i l t by a Cal cut t a firm
a c r o s s t h e Kabul r i ve r near Darunta; it is s ai d a l s o t h a t a masonry
b r i d g e is bei ng b u i l t ove r t h e Al i ngar-Al i shang r i ve r a t ~a r g h a i ,
o p p o s i t e Mandra war. It is t h e r e f or e , pr obabl e t ha t , when t hese
b r i d g e s a r e com p l e t e d , a new and i mpor t a nt l i n e of communication
w i l l be ope ne d u p k e e p i n g n o r t h of t h e Kabul r i ve r t h e whole Way
f r om Jal al abad t o Kabul. (Warburt on, Dut t on, I.B.C.)
LAGHMANI
jU
34-40 69-21. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Koh Daman on t h e l e f t bank of t he
Sha ka r Dara st r eam a bout 1 m i l e e a s t o f Bab Kushkar . 1nhabitantS:
Taj i ks. F i f t y hous e s , o f whi ch 4 bel ong t o Hi ndus. (1.B.C.)
LAGHMANI
jW
34-59 69-9 G. A v a a g e 3 m i l e s s o u t h of Char i kar . ~nhabi t ant s:
Taj i ks and Khwaja Khel s. I t was a t t h i s vi l l age i n November 1842
t h a t Pot t i nge r was t r e a c h e r o u s l y a t t a c k e d and Li eut enant Rattray,
h i s a s s i s t a n t , ki l l e d, h e hi ms el f e s c a pi ng wi t h pa r t of t h e Gurkha
ga r r i s on t o Cha r i ka r i n t h e ni ght . ( Eyr e, I.B.C.)
LAGHRI
A s mal l s e c t i o n of t h e J aghat u Hazar as.
LAG2 I
A s ubs e c t i on of t h e Yanghur c l a n of Dai Zangi.
4
LAHUR
, t r y
34-51 71-9 m. A vi l l a qe l oc a t e d a f e w miles s out h of Chag ha ~ a r a i
(Asadabad, i n Kunar pr bvi nce.
*LAHURI
cw.1
34-17 69-39 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d near S h a r i f k h e l on a t r i but ar y of
t h e Sur k hab i n Nangarhar province.
*LAJGAN
&Y
34-15 69-50 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y o f t h e Sur khab, 3
miles s out h of Al i khel i n Nangar har pr ovi nce.
LAJHA OR LAJHI ( 0 4 ) 4
A stream in t h e Mangal count r y, f a l l i ng i n t o t h e Karaja r i ve r a t
about 7 m i l e s e a s t of Ahmad Khel. I t s c our s e , whi ch is n o r t h e a s t ,
is about 17 m i l e s i n l e n g t h , and up its bed r u n s an a l t e r na t i ve
r out e t o Gardez. Near its j unct i on wi t h t h e Karaia is t h e vi l l a ge
of Lajha or Lajhi. (Kane, I.B.C.)
*LAJ (Or LAJA) MANGAL &LLJ
33-47 69-40. Laj Mangal is an al aqadar i i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce. The
al aqadari c ompr i s e s an a r e a o f 258 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s and h a s an
agr i cul t ur al popul at i on t h a t h a s been e s t i ma t e d a t from 2, 141 t o
4,370. The al aqadar i is bounded i n t h e w e s t by Sayed Karam, i n t h e
sout h by Musa Khel, i n t h e s o u t h e a s t by J ani Khel, i n t h e e a s t by
Chamkani, and i n t h e nor t h by Hasan Khel. Laj Mangal h a s some 1 9
vi l l ages, one of whi ch h a s more t ha n 500 i nha bi t a nt s . The vi l l a ge s
ar e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows : Kharkai , Haram, Tot Nargai, Doda,
Kaja Khola, Zar Kol, Pat aka ( Pat ak) , Che r go Kalai, Khi ranai Khola,
Shigalay Khola, Toshang ( Toshang Khola), Shar a Beg, Sala Kahol,
Gosani, Shah Zaman Gondi , Sozi Khola ( Sor wi ) , Todi Tak, Maranj
Kalai, Shi nkai Khola, Lal Kalai and Lalak Kahol.
*LAKAI KALA 4s'
32-19 68-21 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d near J a ni khe l , e a s t of t h e r oad
from Wazakhwa t o Khusharnand in Ghazni province.
*LAKAN &
33-22 70-3 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d s o u t h of Al i s her i n e a s t e r n Pakt i a
province.
LAKARA I dJ
34-4 69-47 A. El evat i on 10, 400 f e e t . A p a s s ove r t h e we s t e r n cont i -
nuation o f t h e Sa f e d Koh, its crest l yi ng a bout 12 m i l e s n o r t h we s t
of t h e Paiwar Kotal. I t is s ai d t o be t h e e a s i e s t o f all t h e p a s s e s
over t h e Sa f e d Koh, bei ng onl y c l o s e d by snow f o r a bout 3 mont hs i n
t h e year, and e ve n t h e n it is near l y al ways pr a c t i c a bl e f o r men on
f oot . Over t h i s p a s s g o e s a r oad f r om Bi l ut t o Sa f e d Sang. Thi s r oad
is s a i d t o b e p r a c t i c a b l e f o r l a d e n c a me l s a nd f o r ms a l a t e r a l
communication be t we e n t h e pa i war-Kabul a nd t h e P e s haw ar - Kabul
r o u t e s . (I.B.C.)
LAKHI
34-21 69-52. A pa s s i n t h e Si ah Koh range. See "Waragali. "
d
LAKHI-I-TAJIKI & b d
A vi l l age in t h e Sur kha b di vi s i on of t h e ~a l a l a b a d d i s t r i c t . Inhab-
i t ant s: Khugi ani s. ( Jenkyns. )
LAKHSHAN .L;J
Said t o be a kot al a t t h e head of t h e Turkornan Dara--see "Shai kh Ali
Hazaras."
LAKKAN J'
33-22 70-3 m. A vi l l age, or d i s t r i c t , i n Khost , a f e w miles e a s t o f
Matun. (I.B.c.)
LAL (WJy
34-25 65-56 A. A st r eam whi ch is f or med nor t h of t h e Akzarat Kotal,
by t h e conf l uence of t h e Surkh Bum and Siah Bumak. The former, known
h i g h e r u p a s t h e Kejak a p p e a r s t o b e t h e main br anch. The united
st r eam f l o ws i n a ge ne r a l we s t e r l y d i r e c t i o n t o a pl ace w e l l known
a s Shi ne h o r Shi ni a (Doab)-Chi ragdan, 9 m i l e s w e s t of Daulat Yar,
Here it u n i t e s wi t h t h e Sar-i-Jangal s t r eam t o form t h e Hari Rud.
LALA KALA d Y Y
34-26 70-17 m. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t , s i t uat ed on the
l e f t bank o f t h e Sur kha b r i ve r , a bout 5 m i l e s w e s t of its junction
wi t h t h e Kabul. ~ n h a b i t a n t s : Ghi l zai s. ( Jen kyns. )
LALAKHEL &I Y
34- 49 67- 51 G. Two v i l l a g e s i n t h e Bamian va l l e y. I nhabi t ant s:
Taj i ks. (Maitland.) Anot her pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is l ocat ed i n t he
Nawa-i-Khoda-i-Dad, s o u t h we s t of t h e Dasht-Nawer in Ghazni province
a t 33-13 67-35 m. (LWA)
LALAM PIARI KHEL h k +I
A vi l l a ge i n t h e Ghazni d i s t r i c t wi t h a f o r t , s i t ua t e d between
Mansur Karez and Kala Ar zbegi . (Broad f oot . )
LALANDAR 4
34-23 69-1 A. A c ol l e c t i on of vi l l a ge s s i t ua t e d on bot h banks of
t h e Kabul r i ve r , t h e mos t e a s t e r n por t i on of t h e t owns hi p being
a bout 10 miles s o u t h we s t of Kabul, a t t h e s out he r n base of t he
Korog h mount ai n. (I.B.C.)
LAL BEG
A s e c t i o n of J i r g h a i Hazar as.
LALCHAK w
33-20 67-15 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d west of Bug hr a and s out h of Ajre-
s t a n i n we s t e r n G hazni pr ovi nce.
*LALI dy
33-26 67-27 rn. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d near Kapash on t h e ~awa-i-Belawghu
i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
LALIDAR Or LULIDAR
,JY
A r a vi ne pa s s e d on t h e r oad from Bi l ut t o t h e ~ a k a r a i pass. (Gor-
don. )
LALI ZAI d Jy
33-10 69-50 G. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Ghi l zai c ount r y 20 miles sout h of
Kala-i-Abdul Rahman bel ongi ng t o t h e Tar aki G hi l zai s. (Broad f oot - )
L A W
35-11 69-13 m. A vi l l a ge o f 20 h o u s e s in t h e Salanq Dara, about 7
m i l e s above Parwan. ( I C . ) A vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is located
near Ada, s o u t h o f Jal al abad in Nangarhar pr ovi nce, a t 34-21 70-28
*LAW1
4 4 '
34-1 70-50 G. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a bout 22 miles nor t hwe s t of Anar
Qala i n Shi n war, Nangar har pr ovi nce.
LALPUR Or LALPuRA
(AR 3.-1
34-15 71-3 A. Lal pur is a vi l l age and an al aqadar i in ~a n g a r h a r
province. The al aqadar i c ompr i s e s an a r e a o f 530 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s
and has an a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on t h a t h a s been e s t i ma t e d a t f r om
5,555 t o 7,890. The al aqadar i is bounded
i n t h e n o r t h we s t by Gos ht a
and in t h e n o r t h e a s t and e a s t by Paki s t an, i n t h e s o u t h and west by
ohma and Dara. Lal pur ha s a bout 11 vi l l ages , 6 of whi ch have more
t han 500 i nhabi t ant s . The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows :
Lalpur, Kama-i-Lalpur, Zi ar at e Mela (Bel a), Gul Dag, C ha knur , Saheb-
zadah Gano Kalay, C hanknur Ulya, C haknur Suf l a, Ger dabi ( Ger dani ) ,
Sada-i-Lalpur, Shakot ay, and Mar Sangi . (LWA) I n 1914 t h e a r e a was
descr i bed a s f ol l ows:
leva ti on 1, 450 f e e t . A vi l l a ge i n t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t , 47 m i l e s
from Peshawar. I t is s i t u a t e d on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Kabul r i ve r ,
immediately o p p o s i t e Loe Dakka. I t is t h e c h i e f vi l l age o f t h e
Mohmand t r i b e and i n c l u d e s t h e minor vi l l a ge s o f Sada and Malikhana.
There is a f e r r y of boa t s be t we e n Lal pur a and Dakka and a d i f f i c u l t
f or d when t h e r i ve r is l ow; a b r i d g e of boa t s a l s o is mai nt ai ned i n
t h e col d weat her , b u t is usual l y e i t h e r di smant l ed or was hed away
when t h e mel t i ng snow c a u s e s t h e r i ve r t o rise i n t h e s pr i ng.
Muhammad Akbar Khan, Mohmand, was, unt i l l at el y, Khan o f Lal pur a,
but he has been summoned t o Kabul whe r e h e now (1906) l i v e s unde r
sur vei l l ance, and no s u c c e s s o r t o t h e Khanshi p h a s up t o d a t e been
appointed.
About 1 m i l e t o t h e e a s t o f t h e vi l l age of Lal pur a is t h e cant onment
of t h e same name, wi t h a ga r r i s on of 2 ba t t a l i ons i nf a nt r y and 500
khasadar s. In a ddi t i on t o t h e s e t r o o p s it is s ai d t h a t t h e Ami r
i nt ends t o s t a t i on a ba t t e r y of a r t i l l e r y and a r e gi me nt o f caval r y
here. (Jen kyns , Wanl i ss, I.B.C.)
LAMA KHEL -4
A t r i be, pr obabl y Mangals, s ai d t o i nha bi t a t r a c t t o t h e nor t h o f
t h e road be t we e n D r e Kala and t h e Shut ur Gardan pas s . (I.B.C.)
LAMATAK 4J
34-44 71-2 G. A vi l l a ge i n Laghman, on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e
Alingar r i ver , a bout 1 1/2 m i l e nor t h of Mandrawar. I t c o n s i s t s of
t h e f ol l owi ng haml et s, i nha bi t e d by Dehgans:
(1) Banda-i-Musa Dado
( 2) Faki r an
( 3) Zi ar at - i - Pi r Sabz Baba. (Warburton. )
LAMATAK 4J
34- 70-. A vi l l age on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Kunar r i ve r above
Shewa. I t c ont a i ns a bout 60 hous e s . (Masson.)
LAMATI SHIAK ( f +) &$
A v i l l a g e i n Laghman c ont a i ni ng t he f ol l owi ng haml et s:
(1) Kala-i-Sohrab
( 2 ) Sadar Bin
( 3 ) Banda-i-Bawar
( 4) Beyat Badru.
In ha bi t a nt s : Deb g a n s , Gh i l z a i s , and mi xed t r i be s . (Warburton. )
Shiak should probably read Shaikh. (LWA)
"LJ
LRMGHAN See LAGHMAN
4 4 LANDA See LANDHA
LANDABucH ( y p ) &so4
34- 70-. A vi l l age in t h e Kama di vi s i on of t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t ,
about 3 miles n o r t h e a s t o f Deh-i-Ghazi. ~n h a b i t a n t s : Arabs, Para-
chas, and Sahi bzadas. ( Jenkyns. )
LANDAR SADIK J J L , ~
A r i v e r o f Khos t whi c h j oi ned t o t h e Shamil, f or ms t h e Kaitu. ~t has
t h e f ol l owi ng vi l l a ge s on its banks:
Zambar M a l i Tarizi, Mi Shera,
Aram Khel. (Muhammad Haiat.)
LANDAY See LANDI 6 4
LANDEH 4 4
33- 70-. A vi l l a ge i n Khost , on t h e l e f t bank o f t h e Shamil stream,
3 m i l e s t o t h e s o u t h o f Kadam. (I.B.C.)
LANDHA 4 4
33- 70-. A vi l l a ge i n Khos t , 14 m i l e s s o u t h we s t o f t h e Shabak pass
and a bout 1 3 1/2 m i l e s d u e e a s t of Matun. It is s i t ua t e d on t h e l e f t
bank o f t h e Kaitu o r Shami l r i ve r , a t t h e j unct i on wi t h t h e latter
of t h e Landha st r eam. The r e is ampl e s p a c e f o r campi ng ground wi t h
wat er f r om t h e r i v e r whi c h h e r e h a s low ba nks and a sandy bed.
( I .B.C.)
*LANDI O r LANDAY u 4
34-13 70-14 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d some 3 miles nor t h west of Pachire
Agam and s o u t h we s t of Jal al abad i n Nangar har pr ovi nce. Ot ner places
wi t h t h i s name a r e l oc a t e d a f e w m i l e s s o u t h of Ghani khel on t h e way
nor t h t o t h e Kabul r i ve r , a t 34-9 70-48 m.; i n t h e Khairaspan
ar ea, s o u t h we s t of Zur ke t i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce, a t 33-28 69-42 m.;
a bout 5 miles s o u t h of Chamkani i n e a s t e r n Pakt i a pr ovi nce, a t 33-44
69-49 m.; s o u t h o f Tani on t h e way t o Matun i n Pakt i a province, at
33-11 69-50 m.
*LAND I KHEL & d d
34-12 70-16 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d near Pachi r o Agam on a tributary
of t h e Kabul r i v e r i n Nangar har pr ovi nce.
LANDI WAM
33-49 69-39 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e t i g h t bank of t h e Kurram ri ver and
s o u t h e a s t o f Dabuzai. I nhabi t ant s : Ahmad K he1 Jaj i s, capabl e of
t ur ni ng o u t 200 f i g h t i n g men. (I.B.C.)
LANGAK
34-6 67-14 m. A vi l l a ge near Pi t aoqol , on t h e Helmand ri ver i n
s out her n Bamian pr ovi nce.
LANGAR
9
34-49 69-11 m. A vi l l a ge in t h e Koh Daman, 24 m i l e s nor t h of Kabul.
I t c ont a i ns 60 hous e s . (Masson.)
LANGAR
9
34-2 68-46.
The name of t h e s t r eam whi ch, on its j unct i on with t he
Shi ni z, becomes t h e Logar r i ve r , a bout 3 m i l e s s o u t h of ~ha i kha ba d*
The val l ey o f Langar is f e r t i l e ; b u t t h e c ul t i va t i on d o e s not ext end
f a r on e i t h e r s i d e of t h e wat er . - s t wa r ds it is ver y cont ract ed,
pa r t a ki ng a good d e a l o f t h e c h a r a c t e r o f t h e Tangi wardak. The
Langar Stream f l ows t hr ough Shaikhabad, and t he r e ar e t h e remains of
a masonr y b r i d g e over it, whi ch ha s been d e s t r o y e d by f l oods . Usual-
l y, however , t h e wat er is of little d e p t h . From t h i s poi nt t he
vi l l a ge o f Ambo Khak is d i s t a n t 5 1/2
miles t o t h e west, and Kala-
i-Abdul Gha f ur is 2 1/2 m i l e s f u r t h e r on. The latter is t h e princi-
pa l pl a c e in t h e Langar val l ey. (I.B.c.)
*LANGAR
9
34-9 68-41 m. A vi l l a ge near Gi r dab and w e s t o f t h e Ghazni-Kabul
highway i n Maidan pr ovi nce. Ot he r pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name a r e l oc a t e d
nor t heas t of Kalakan and w e s t o f t h e Kabul-Charikar r oad i n Kabul
province, a t 34-49 69-12 m., and 3 m i l e s s o u t h o f Rukha, ~ a n j s h i r ,
a t 35-15 69-25 G.
LANGAR See SHIMILTU
s
LANGAR &
A vi l l a ge i n t h e S u r k h a b v a l l e y , o r r a t h e r on o n e o f t h e s ma l l
st r eams- r i si ng i n t h e nor t he r n s l o p e s o f t h e Sa f e d Koh t o t h e w e s t
of Sikaram, whi ch t o g e t h e r form t h e Sur k hab r i ver . I nha bi t a nt s a r e
Gehar Mangals. (I.B.C.)
LANGAR &
A Taraki Ghi l zai vi l l age i n Katawaz, f or mi ng t h e ni nt h s t a g e on t h e
road from Domandi ( ~ ~ m a l val l ey) t o ~ h a z n i , - f r o m whi ch it is d i s t a n t
about 66 m i l e s . The r e a r e t wo o r t s h e r e cont ai ni ng about 80 hous e s .
The l a r ge r f o r t is a s q u a r e o f 100 yar ds ; t h e mud wal l s, 20 f e e t
hi gh and 6 f e e t t h i c k a r e f l a nke d by t owe r s ; t h e r e is no d i t c h , and
t h e ga t e is uncover ed. Thi s is one of t h e s t r o n g e s t f o r t s i n Kata-
waz. (Broad f oot , I.B.C.)
LANGAR &
35- 69-. A f o r t i n t h e u p p e r Panj s hi r gl e n, about 5 m i l e s above
Anaba. Langar Khan s on o f Gul zar Khan, Chi ef o f Lower Panj s hi r ,
r es i ded t h e r e i n 1886. Out s i de t h e f o r t t h e r e a r e some 10 h u t s of
t h e Khan' s r e t a i ne r s . The wi dt h of gl e n is h e r e f r om 600 t o 700
yards. (Shah zada Taimus.)
LARGAR See KOH-I-BABA
&
LARGI
A vi l l a ge 48 m i l e s sout hwest of Ghazni. (Thornt on. )
*LAR KALAI $3
32-51 67-35 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d some 8 m i l e s nor t h of Aghoj an and
West of Mukur in Ghazni province.
*LARO NY
34-18 67-30 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e Helmand r i ve r i n Bamian
province.
'LASHKARI KHEL J+&
34-9 69-5 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d some 5 miles nor t h o f ~ o l a n g a r on
t h e road t o Kabul i n Logar pr ovi nce.
LASHKAR RAH 4 r D
An easy kot al c r o s s e d by t h e main ~a bul - ~a z a r a j a t - Da ul a t Yar r oad,
about 8 1/2 m i l e s s o u t h e a s t of Daulat Yar. The kot a l f or ms t h e
boundary a t t h i s poi nt be t we e n t h e pr ovi nc e s of Kabul and Herat.
(Wanliss.)
'LASHKO &J
33-18 68-19 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d n o r t h e a s t o f Kal akhel on t h e hi gh-
way t o Ghazni i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
LATABAND 4
34-30 69-34 A. El evat i on 7,950 f e e t . A p a s s i n t h e Karkacha hi l l s ,
be t we e n Se h Baba and But khak. I t is 1 9 m i l e s d i s t a n t from Kabul. A
p o s t was e s t a b l i s h e d a t t h i s p o i n t dur i ng t h e Af ghan war of 1879-80,
and dur i ng t h e i nve s t me nt o f Sh e r p u r by t h e Af ghans , it was held by
Colonel Hudson wi t h less t han 1,000 men, and hel i ographi c communic-
t i on was t h e r e f o r e avai l abl e be t we e n t h e be l e a gue r e d garri son and
t h e o u t e r wor l d a s o f t e n a s t h e s k y was s u f f i c i e n t l y clear. The
p r e s e n c e of t h i s body a t Lat aband, t o g e t h e r wi t h t h e Jagdal ak garri-
s on, was t h e means of ke e pi ng i n c h e c k t h e Tezi n Ghi l zai s, and t he
onl y t i m e Lat aband was a t t a c k e d , t h e enemy was dr i ven of f easily,
and wi t h l o s s .
Be f or e Kabul was evacuat ed by t h e Br i t i s h an e x c e l l e n t cart-road was
c o n t r u c t e d ove r t h e pas s . Thi s howe ve r ha s s i n c e f al l en al t oget her
i n t o d i s r e p a i r . (I.B.C.)
LEHWAN ( 3' 4 )3'd
33- 69-. A vi l l a ge about 10 miles from Gar dez, on t h e road thence
t o t h e Altimur Kotal, s i t u a t e d j u s t a t t h e poi nt wher e t h e road
e n t e r s t h e hi l l s . I nhabi t ant s : Amazai Ghi l zai s. (I.B.C.)
LEHWANAI Or LAR LEWANI &JJ
33-57 69-48 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Karaja river,
a bout 4 t o 5 miles w e s t o f t h e Pai war Kotal, and i nhabi t ed by Jajis.
I t is a c ol l e c t i on of d e t a c h e d haml et s , e a c h c ons i s t i ng of t h r e e o r
f o u r f or t - l i ke h o u s e s , e i t h e r s i t u a t e d i n r e t i r e d o r s he l t e r e d
hol l ows be t we e n t h e hi l l s , o r else p e r c h e d on t h e s u mmi t of some
commanding emi nence. A l m o s t e v e r y h o u s e is f ur ni s he d wi t h a tower
f o r p u r p o s e s o f obs e r va t i on o r d e f e n c e . (Bel l ew, Lumsden.)
LEWAN 6'4
33-35 69-3 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d near Di nar khel and west of Gardez
i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce. Ot he r pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name a r e l ocat ed 4 miles
nor t h of Gar dez on t h e h i g h way t o Kabul i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce, a t 33-39
69-14 m.; a f e w m i l e s e a s t o f Kota-i-Ashro i n Maidan provi nce, at
34-27 68-50 m.; n o r t h of Sar obi on t h e r oad t o Kabul, a t 34-36 69-
43 m.
*LEWANKHEL
J+ d'PJ
33-33 69-50 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d some 4 miles nor t h of Karezuna i n
Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
LI AS KHAN +
33- 6%. A vi l l age in t h e u p p e r o r s o u t h e r n por t i on of t h e Logar
val l ey, s i t u a t e d on t h e r i g h t bank o f t h a t r i ve r , about 3 miles
s o u t h of Hi sar ak, and f or mi ng one t o wn s h i p wi t h patkao-i-Shahana.
The i nha bi t a nt s i n 1880 numbe r e d 260 f a mi l i e s , i n c l u d i n g t h r e e
ha ml e t s o f Sa yyi ds ( 50 h o u s e s ) , and one of Ahmadzais (12 h o u s e s ) ~
t h e r emai nder of t h e r e s i d e n t s be i ng Ast anazai Ghi l zai s and a few
Mohmand s. (Euan Smi t h, Cl i f f or d .)
*LICH
-
34-54 69-42 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d about 5 miles nor t he a s t of ~ a g a b
i n Kapi sa pr ovi nce.
LICH KOL &d
35-3 68-47. A g l e n dr ai ni ng s o u t h wa r d s from t h e main r ange of t h e
Hindu Kush i n t o t h e Ghor band val l ey whi ch it j oi na a t chahar deh.
LI NA See ARIOH
4
LODA Or LODI (34) 4 4
A f ew f ami l i es of t h i s t r i b e exi st i n t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t , c h i e f -
- - - -
l y in Kama. They s t a t e t h a t t h e y a r e t h e d e s c e n d a n t s of a Ghi l zai
f a t he r and a Sayyi d mot her . From t h e i r f emal e a n c e s t o r bei ng a
sayyid, a c e r t a i n odour of s a n c t i t y a t t a c h e s t o t h e Lodi s. Probabl y
t he y do not number more t ha n 40 f ami l i es. ( Jenkyns. ) N.B. See ' @Loha-
ni." A vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y o f t h e
Arghandab r i ve r i n Ghazni pr ovi nc e a t 33-13 67-29 m. (LWA)
*LODAM r
34-55 71-4 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Kunar r i ve r ,
northwest of Asadabad i n Kunar pr ovi nce.
LODRAKH CJ 'd
33- 69-. A vi l l a qe on t h e r i q h t bank o f t h e Karaia r i ver . In t h e
same gr oup a r e the vi l l a ge s of A l i Khel and Mama Khel , t h e t h r e e
t oge t he r s u p p o r t i n g 200 f i g h t i n g men. (I.B.C.)
LOE BARU See BARU-I-KALAN >R+!J
LOE DAKKA See DAKKA JJ 43
LOE NAN irk %d
33- 69-. A r avi ne r unni ng nor t hwa r ds and f al l i ng i nt o t h e Hazar-
dar akht st r eam o p p o s i t e Karatiga. (I.B.C.)
LOGAR
34-33 69-17 A. A r i v e r whi ch, a c c or di ng t o t h e s e c ond e d i t i o n o f
t h i s Gazet t eer , "rises a bout 1 m i l e above Azdhaha i n t h e e a s t s l o p e s
of t h e Paghman r ange, a t an el evat i on of n o t less t ha n 10, 500 f e e t .
Here t h e s p r i n g s i s s u e from a l a r g e ve r da nt e x p a n s e of bog, not f a r
from whi ch t h e st r eam ha s a s ubt er r anean pa s s a ge f o r about 200
yards, when it r e - a ppe a r s in a smal l l a k e o r cavi t y, of a bout 80
yar ds i n c i r c umf e r e nc e . Here it t u r n s t wo wat er mi l l s and agai n
di s appear s f o r a bout 500 ya r ds , i n whi ch d i s t a n c e it p a s s e s unde r
Azd haha and i s s u e s e a s t of it. Hence its c o u r s e is uni mpeded, and it
f l ows a smal l b u t c l e a r st r eam t h r o u g h a ve r da nt val l ey, and t r a-
ver si ng t h e Hazara d i s t r i c t s (and r ecei vi ng t h e wa t e r s of t h e Majab
Dara t hr ough its r i g h t bank?) , c r o s s e s a t Shai khabad t h e val l ey
l eadi ng from Kabul t o Ghazni , 50 m i l e s from its s our c e . "Azdhaha"
is probabl y t h e same a s Kala Has ht dar , a pl ace i n t h e Besud c ount r y
passed on t h e r oad l e a di ng nor t h from Ghazni . But t h e " e a s t s l o p e s
Of t h e Paghman r ange" is somewhat vague, s e e i ng t h a t t h e r i ve r is
bel i eved t o be f or med by t h e j unct i on of t h e Khawat and Simila
st r eams, bot h dr ai ni ng e a s t from t h e h i g h r a nge whi ch d i v i d e s t h e
Helmand and Ar ghandab dr a i na ge on t h e w e s t from t h a t goi ng e a s t t o
t h e Kabul r i ver .
A t Shai khabad t h e r i ve r ha s an el evat i on of 7, 473 f e e t . A t t h i s
poi nt it is c r o s s e d by a br i dge , b u t it is f or da bl e f o r g u n s t h o u g h
t h e banks r e q u i r e s l opi ng down. ~t Doaba, 3 miles bel ow Shai kabad,
i t is j oi ned by t h e Shi ni z; from t h i s it f l o ws e a s t f o r 30 m i l e s ,
when it t u r n s nor t h and j oi ns t h e Kabul r i ve r , 10 miles bel ow Kabul.
A t Hisarak, 3 miles bel ow its l a s t nor t h bend, it is c r o s s e d by a
br i dge, and is h e r e a narrow s l u g g i s h st r eam of no g r e a t d e p t h , wi t h
a firm pebbl y be d, and f or da bl e a t most p a r t s of its cour s e. During
t h e r ai ns, however , t h e volume of t h e r i ve r becomes gr e a t l y in-
cr eased and it a l s o f l ows wi t h more t ha n us ual r a pi di t y owi ng t o t h e
numerous f r e s h e t s it r e c e i v e s from t h e hi l l s ar ound. I t is a l s o
cr os s ed by a b r i d g e a f ew miles above its c onf l ue nc e wi t h t h e Kabul
r i ver , and h e r e it is d e e p and r a pi d, and about 50 y a r d s i n wi dt h.
From Shai khabad t o its j unct i on
wi t h t h e Kabul r i ver is 100 miles,
and t h e d i f f e r e n c e i n el evat i on is about 1, 000 f e e t only, thus
making t h e f a l l about 10 f e e t pe r c e nt .
Bef or e its j unct i on wi t h t h e Shi ni z it seems t o be general l y known
a s t h e Langar.
Thi s r i ver is onl y us ed f o r p u r p o s e s of i r r i gat i on and t h e di st ri ct
wat er ed by i t is one of t h e most f e r t i l e and popul ous i n Afghani-
s t a n.
Bet ween ~ h a i k h a b a d and Hisarak t h e Logar is c r os s e d a t numerous
poi nt s by rustic nat i ve br i dge s , and is e ve r ywhe r e f or dabl e in April
wi t h an aver age d e p t h of not more t ha n 2 f e e t de e p. (Masson, Grif-
f i t h , Hough, Havelock, Bellew, Lumsden.)
LOGAR 34
34-6 69-3. A pr ovi nce i n e a s t e r n Af gha ni s t a n whi ch comprises an
a r e a o f 4, 409 s q u a r e k i l o me t e r s a nd an a g r i c u l t u r a l popul at i on
e s t i ma t e d a t from 112, 579 t o 172, 704. The pr ovi nce is bounded in the
w e s t by aida an, i n t h e nor t h by Kabul,
i n t h e e a s t by Nangarhar, and
i n t h e s out h by Pakt i a pr ovi nces. Logar is di vi de d i nt o t h e wolewa-
lis of Azru, Muhammad Ag ha, Baraki, and Pul-i-Alam, and i nt o t he
al aqadar i s of ~ h u s h i and Char kh. The c a pi t a l of t h e provi nce i s the
c i t y o f ~ul - i - Al am. For wol e s wa l i lists f r om t h e Depar t ment of
St a t i s t i c s of t h e Mi ni st ry of Agr i cul t ur e and I r r i gat i on see t he
f ol l owi ng s i x t abl es. ( LWA) In 1912 t h e ar ea was descri bed as
f ol l ows:
A d i s t r i c t c ons i s t i ng of t h e val l ey of t h e Logar r i ver from i t s
nor t hwar d bend t o its j unct i on wi t h t h e Kabul ri ver. The present
Hakim is sai d t o be one Abdur Rasul Khan. One of t h e r oads from
Ghazni t o Kabul t r a v e r s e s t h e whol e l e n g t h of t h e Logar valley
pr ope r and in 1880 was made pr act i cabl e f o r wheel ed art i l l ery. The
Kurram r out e t o Kabul a l s o r u n s t h r o u g h t h e Logar di s t r i c t from
Kushi a s f a r a s Saf ed Sang. The el evat i on of t h e di s t r i c t ranges
bet ween 8,000 and 5,000 f e e t , Kushi is 7,829 f e e t , Kala A m i t 6, 440
f e e t , Hisarak 5,148 f e e t , and Baraki Rajan 6,550 f e e t . The following
is a r e p o r t dr awn up i n 1880 by Major Euan Smith C.S.I., and to it
is a t t a c he d a r e p o r t by Surgeon-Major J ohns t on, M.D., on t h e geolo-
gy, bot any, etc. of t h e Logar valley:- he Logar valley may be
r oughl y de s c r i be d a s e xt e ndi ng from Ami r Kala in t h e sout her n Safed
Sang in t h e nor t h, and f o r conveni ence s a k e mi ght be nominally
di vi de d i nt o t h r e e por t i ons:
"I. The Upper Logar, e xt e ndi ng from Amir Kala t o t h e ot her si de of
t h e pa s s l yi ng bet ween Saidan and Hisara k, cal l ed ~a n g i - ~i s a r a k .
Thi s is by f a r t h e most popul ous and pr os pe r ous par t of t h e valley,
cont ai ni ng, a s it doe s , t h e ver y l a r g e and f l our i s hi ng gr oups of
vi l l ages known, r e s pe c t i ve l y, a s Baraki-Rajan, Baraki-Barak, Patkao-
i-Rog hani and Patkao-i-Shahana, under one of whi ch names almost
e ve r y one of t h e vi l l ages e nc l os e d wi t hi n t h e gr e a t area of culti-
vat ed and i r r i ga t e d l and is gr oupe d f o r r evenue pur pos es , and it is
t h i s por t i on of t h e val l ey t h a t may be l ooked upon a s const i t ut i ng
t h e r eal gr anar y o f Kabul.
"11. The Middle Logar, e x t e ndi ng from Tangi-Hisarak, inclusive of
t h e Tangi-Waghjan. Thi s por t i on of t h e d i s t r i c t is much more sparse-
l y popul at ed and cul t i vat ed. The vi l l ages and cul t i vat i on l i e almost
e x c l u ~ i v e l y al ong t h e banks of t h e r i ver , and t h e i r r i gat i on canPs
a r e much f e we r and less e x t e n s i v e t han in t h e Upper Logar* The
pr i nci pal g r o u p s of vi l l agee a r e Hi sarak, Kulangar, and Dadu Rhe1*
"111. The Nor t her n t oga r , compr i si ng from t h e ~ a n g i - ~ a g h j a n t o t he
Sa f e d Sang pa s s a t t h e e nt r a nc e t o t h e Charasi a di s t r i c t , near
Kabul. Thi s por t i on of t h e v a e y is t hi c kl y cul t i vat ed on
s i d e s of t h e r i ver , but is q u i t e bar r en a t a s h o r t di s t ance from the
ESTIMATE OF AGRICULTURAL POPULATION AND AREA UNDER CULTIVATION
AZRO 2 9
KOLANGAR (PULI-ALAM) 76
MOHAMMAD AGHA 3 7
BARAKI 47
CHARKH 59
KHOSHI 17
TOTAL 265
Agricultural
Population
Landlords Lands under Cultivation in Jaribs
Irrigated Non-Irrig. Total
Lands under Cultivation in Hectares
Irrigated Non-Irrig. Total
AZRO
KOLANGAR
(PUL-I-ALAM)
M O H M A D AGHA
BARAKI
CHARKH
KHOSHI
TOTAL
STATISTICAL ESTIMATE OF LIVESTOCK BY WOLESWALIS AND ALAQADARIS
Sheep
2,765
16,055
4,155
3,7 32
6,306
4,277
37,290
Karakul Goats
Sheep
Cattle
2,052
10,690
3,350
5,560
7,104
2,924
31,680
Buffaloes Camels Horses Donkeys Mules Poultry
AZRO
KOLANGAR
(PUL-I-ALAM)
MOHAMMAD AGHA
BARAKI
CHARKH
KHOSHl
TOTAL
Irrigated
PRODUCTION OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS-IN KABUL1 SEERS
Grains
Non-1 rrig. Total Vegetables
Other Crops
Industrial Other Temp.
Crops Crops
Fruits
Canals
AZRO 5 62
KOLANGAR
(PUGI-ALAM) 49,022
MOHAMMAD AGHA 19,300
BARAKI 21,184
CHARKH 17,368
KHOSHI 1,884
TOTAL 109,320
LAND UNDER IRRIGATION AND SOURCES OF IRRIGATION
Area in Jaribs
Springs Karez Wells Total Canals
Number of Sources
Springs Karez Wells Water Mills
TOTAL CULTIVABLE LAND, BY CROP-IN KABULl JAMBS
Grains
Irrigated Non-lrrig.
AZRO 710 200
KOLANGHAR
(PULI-ALAM) 43,380 9,810
MOHAMMAD AGHA 19,200 6,320
BAKARI 25,990 17,240
CHARKH 14,630 8,390
KHOSHI 1,990 1,340
TOTAL 105,900 43,300
Total Vegetables Industrial
Crops
Other
Crops
Fruits Total
Cultivated
Land
Total
AZRO 37,790
KOLANGAR (PUL-I-ALAM) 106,380
MOHAMMAD AGHA 87,350
BARAKI 11 1,020
CHARKH 50,870
KHOSHJ 11,380
TOTAL 404,790
TOTAL CULTIVABLE LANDS-IN KABULI JARLBS
Pastures
21,210
24,670
49,150
48,750
18,240
7,180
169,200
Forests
15,700
-
-
-
-
-
15,700
Under
Cultivation
Fallow
Lands
bed o f t h e st r eam. Its pr i nc i pa l d i s t r i c t s a r e De h - i - ~ ~ o , ~~h~~~~~
Agha, Gumran, Zahi dabad, Kut i Khel and Zargan Sha hr , t h e last named
bei ng s i t u a t e d 4 m i l e s f r om t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e r i ver , and entire-
l y d e p e n d e n t f o r its wat er - s uppl y on t h e ka r e z t h a t have been dug
f r om t h e d i s t r i c t o f Sur kha o t o t h e east.
"On e v e r y s i d e Logar is c ompl e t e l y s h u t i n by h i g h , barren hius,
wi t h p a s s e s l e a di ng t o t h e s o u t h and s o u t h e a s t i n t o Kharwar, zurmat,
and Musai, and on t h e w e s t and s o u t h we s t i n t o Wardak, Maidan, and
Cha r de h. Two e x c e l l e n t b r i d l e r o a d s t r a v e r s e t h e valley on both
s i d e s o f t h e r i ve r , whi c h l a t t e r is mor eover f or da bl e a t almost
p o i n t s , owi ng t o t h e qua nt i t y of wat er t h a t is di ve r t e d i nt o t he
i r r i g a t i o n canal s .
"The t h r e e pr i nc i pa l out l yi ng d i s t r i c t s of Logar a r e Surkhai , t he
d i s t r i c t be l ongi ng t o t h e Ghi l zai Ch i e f , Pa ds ha h Khan, si t uat ed 7
m i l e s t o t h e e a s t o f Zargan Sha hr ; Kushi , an e xc e e di ngl y prosperous
~ a j i k d i s t r i c t , s i t u a t e d some 10 miles e a s t of Hisarak and near t he
e n t r a n c e t o t h e Sh u t u r Gardan pa s s , of whi ch Rahmatulla Khan, t he
he a d Malik, is a s t a unc h f r i e n d of t h e Engl i s h; and Char kh, situated
some 12 m i l e s s o u t h e a s t of Bar aki Rajan, t h r o u g h whi ch pas s es t he
r oad l e a di ng i n t o Kharwar.
"With t h e e x c e p t i o n of t h o s e t h r e e d i s t r i c t s t h e cul t i vat i on i n
Logar is c ont i nuous , and t h e vi l l a ge s a r e c l os e l y s i t ut a t e d one to
anot her . During t h e ri peni ng of t h e har vest t h e Upper Logar presents
t o t h e e y e an i mmense unbr oke n s u r f a c e of waving cor n. Where t he
c ul t i va t i on c e a s e s , t h e d e s e r t commences on e i t h e r s i d e of t h e river
and c ont i nue s s o r i g h t u p t o t h e hi l l s .
"Land t e nur e . The r e a r e t h r e e c l a s s e s of l and in Logar, dependi ng
pa r t l y on t h e wa t e r avai l abl e f o r i r r i ga t i on, pa r t l y on t h e ability
o r o t h e r wi s e o f t h e owne r s t o manure t h e gr ound; f i e l d s which l i e a
d i s t a n c e f r om vi l l a ge s n o t bei ng s u p p o s e d t o b e manured a t all. The
Taj i ks , Ki zi l bas hi s , and o t h e r Par s i wans a r e t a xe d a t an ext raordi -
nar y di s a dva nt a ge t o t h e i r Af ghan ne i ghbour s . On l and of t h e best
c l a s s t h e r a t e f i x e d is from 12 t o 22 seers Kabuli pe r jarib, t he
ge ne r a l r a t e p e r j ar i b be i ng 1 5 seers. Land of t h e aver age s or t pays
8 seers, and of t h e wor s t d e s c r i p t i o n 5 seers. A Kabuli s e e r weighs,
r oughl y s p e a k i n g , 16 l bs. , and a j ar i b ( i n Logar) c o n s i s t s of 20
bi s wa s , a bi s wa bei ng a pl ot o f gr ound t we n t y pa c e s squar e. These
p a c e s a r e , howe ve r , s h o r t , and t h e bi s wa may be cal cul at ed as 15
y a r d s s qua r e . The j ar i b is a c c or di ngl y f ound t o be 4,500 super f i ci al
ya r ds , or a bout a q u a r t e r o f a r ood less t ha n an Engl i sh acre*
Reduced t h e r e f o r e t o Engl i s h we i g h t s and measur es, it w i l l be seen
t h a t f i r s t c l a s s l and pa ys an a ve r a ge of 2 1/4 c w t . pe r acr e, second
c l a s s l and r a t h e r more t ha n hal f t h a t amount , and t h e wor st land a
t h i r d o f it. F i r s t c l a s s l and o f t h e above d e s c r i p t i o n w i l l yield if
w e l l c ul t i va t e d (and t h e c ul t i va t i on i n Logar is ext r emel y good),
a bout 24 maunds p e r j ari b. Thi s g i v e s t h e r a t e o f t axat i on of such
l and t o be a bout 12 1/2 p e r c e n t of t h e pr oduc e , whi ch does not
a p p e a r t o b e e x c e s s i v e . But it is onl y t h e c l a s s e s above named w h o
pay t h e s e r a t e s ; Af gha ns , a c c or di ng t o a l and s e t t l e me nt of a very
ol d d a t e , known a s Kalandar Khan' s s e t t l e me nt , pay but 1 1/4 Kabuli
seer pe r j ar i b, i.e., less t ha n 22 l bs , p e r Engl i s h acr e, t hough
l and pur c ha s e d by t hem f r om par s i wans is a s s e s s e d a t t h e r at es paid
by t h e l a t t e r . I t may be i magi ned how gr e a t l y t h i s di f f e r e nc e
t a xa t i on a f f e c t s t h e val ue of l and i n Logar , and how it t enda
k e e p u p t h a t f e e l i ng of s u p e r i o r i t y whi ch t h e ~ f g h a n s claim
e x e r c i s e ove r t h e i r less p o we r f u l ne i ghbour s .
Many a t t e mpt s have
be e n made t o e qua l i s e t h e t a xa t i on by r a i s i ng t h e r a t e s paid by
Ghi l zai s , b u t no Ami r ha s a s y e t been powe r f ul enough t o do
and it need ha r dl y b e s a i d t h e Par si wans and o t h e r s cannot g e t the'r
t a x e s r educed.
M~ ~ t a t i o n of c r ops . Fi r s t c l a s s l and is cul t i vat ed e ve r y year, t h a t
of t h e second c l a s s e ve r y s econd year , whi l e t h e wor s t d e s c r i p t i o n
is allowed t o lie fal l ow or under cl over f o r t wo year s. The r ot at i on
of c r ops on t h e b e s t l and is a s f ol l ows: bar l ey or wheat is sown
from t h e mi ddl e of August t o t h e begi nni ng of November, and r eaped
in J une and Jul y; cl over s e e d is t h e n sown, whi ch is gr a z e d down by
cat t l e l a t e in autumn. I t gr ows up agai n t h e f ol l owi ng s pr i ng, and
is c ut once or twice. In May or J une t h e l and is pl oughed f o r r i c e
or ~ndi an- cor n, whi ch a r e f i t f o r c ut t i ng in Sept ember or Oct ober .
After t h e l and ha s been w e l l manured wheat is agai n sown.
t h e land be poor , t h e cl over is al l owed t o gr ow f o r t h r e e or
f our c ut t i ngs , i.e., till t h e autumn, when t h e gr ound is pl oughe d
f or wheat or bar l ey s o wing.
"Rice is sown br oa dc a s t and al l owed t o grow wher e it s p r i n g s ; it is
not t r anspl ant ed by hand a s i n Kurram and Khost , t h o u g h a t h i c k c r o p
may occasi onal l y be t hi nne d.
"Fodder f or cat t l e. In an or di nar y wi nt er snow d o e s not lie on t h e
ground i n Logar f o r more t ha n 10 days; s houl d it remain f o r t h r e e
weeks t h e s eas on is cal l ed ext r emel y s ever e. A t s uc h t i m e t h e scar -
ci t y of f o d d e r f o r c a t t l e is s o g r e a t t h a t bhus a has been known t o
s el l f or its we i ght i n grai n. Be s i de s bhusa, d r y cl over and l uc e r ne
and a t hor ny s h r u b cal l ed gowan, whi ch gr ows on low hi l l s , a r e us e d
as wi nt er f o d d e r f o r c a t t l e and camel t hor n f o r s h e e p and goa t s when
snow pr e ve nt s t h e i r gr azi ng. Both t h e camel t hor n and gowan r e q u i r e
t o be beat en s m a l l be f or e animals a r e f e d on them.
"Health. The Logar val l ey a ppe a r s t o be on t h e whol e he a l t hy,
t hough d e a t h s a r e common i n t h e l a t e summer mont hs and autumn from
r emi t t ent f e ve r , t h e wor s t form of whi ch is cal l ed i n Pus ht u cha-
kai, and in Per si an damana. Nat i ves say t h a t i t is accompani ed by
ext reme pain i n t h e back and limbs. On t h e f o u r t h day t h e pa t i e nt
general l y becomes i ns ens i bl e. If pe r s pi r a t i on cannot be i nduced by
t h e s event h t o t h e ni nt h day, t h e d i s e a s e gener al l y pr ove s f at al .
Diseases of t h e e ye and small-pox a r e al s o common. Chol er a a p p e a r s
every t wo or t h r e e year s. Last year it made g r e a t r avages, commen-
cing earl y in May; it l a s t e d till l a t e in Sept ember , and was of a
very s e ve r e t ype . Many of t h e ol de r r e s i d e n t s a r e s ki l l e d i n dr e s -
si ng wounds, and have a s l i g h t knowl edge of t h e p r o p e r t i e s ( or
supposed pr ope r t i e s ) of c e r t a i n he r bs and d r u g s , b u t t h e r e is no one
in t h e val l ey whose s ol e pr of e s s i on is t h a t of a doct or . If s uc h a
man is r e qui r e d, h e has t o be br ought from Kabul.
"Prices. In or di nar y t i m e s wheat is s ol d in Logar a t from 20 t o 2 4
s eer s Engl i sh pe r r u p e e Kabuli; bar l ey and Indi an-corn a t about 35
s e e r s Engl i sh. The hi gh pr i c e s pr eval ent owi ng t o t h e pr e s e nc e of
t h e Engl i sh army were however , equal l ed i n 1867-68 dur i ng t h e c i vi l
war cons equent on t h e s t r u g g l e s of Muhammad Afzal Khan and She r A l i
Khan f o r t h e t hr one.
"Land, wood, c a t t l e , gr ai n, etc., a r e al l paid f o r in cas h; t h e s ol e
exception seems t o be in t h e purchase of dri ed mulberries, f or which
equal wei ght or doubl e t h e we i ght of o t h e r gr ai n is or di nar i l y
given.
"Irrigation. The di s t r i but i on of t h e wat er - suppl y f o r pur pos e s of
i r r i gat i on is, as e l s e whe r e , a f r e q u e n t s our c e of s t r i f e . The per -
iod, t o whi ch each vi l l age community is e nt i t l e d t o t h e fl ow of t h e
river wat er cour se or of t h e st r eam from t h e kar ez ha s been handed
down t r a d i t i o n a l l y f r om g e n e r a t i o n t o g e n e r a t i o n , s o t h a t t h e
aut hor s Of t h e di s t r i but i on have been q u i t e f or got t e n. Di s put es on
t h e s ubj e c t a r e usual l y s e t t l e d e i t h e r by t h e Hakim in per s on, or by
Some one deput ed by him.
'Tribes. On t h e whol e, however , t h e r e s i d e n t s of Logar a ppe a r t o
l i v e in t ol e r a bl e harmony wi t h e a c h o t h e r , not from a community of
f e e l i ng , b u t be c a us e t h e Afg ha ns (Astanaza, Ahmad zai, and ~ d ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i
Ghi l zai s) a r e more powe r f ul t han t h e Par si wans, who ar e Tajiks,
Hazaras, and Ki zi l bashi s. The Taj i ks of Kushi a r e mostly Shias, but
Kushi is somewhat i s ol a t e d, and t h e i nha bi t a nt s k e e p t o themselves.
"Ther e a r e about 150 Hindu f ami l i es i n Logar, viz.100 i n Baraki
Rajan, about 30 f ami l i es in Char kh, and a f e w s c a t t e r e d about Amir
Kala, Kulangar, Guvra, etc. The s e men d o not appear t o be much
oppr es s ed by t hei r Muhammadan bret hren. They are, generally speaking
r i c h, and a r e ve r y u s e f u l a s money-l enders, t h e i r c ha r ge s f or such
accommodat i on bei ng usual l y 20 p e r c e n t pe r annum.
nHi st or i cal . The Ghazni Fi el d For ce mar ched i nt o Logar on t h e 30th
Apr i l 1880 i n t wo br i ga de s . One br i ga de wi t h t h e guns and heavy
a r t i l l e r y moved from Sai yi dabad by t h e Zumburak pas s , on which t he
s a p p e r s had been e nga ge d f o r some da ys t o make it pract i cabl e for
a r t i l l e r y, and t h e o t h e r br i ga de mar ched from Shai khabad by t h e more
d i r e c t r oad t h r o u g h t h e Tangi Wardak. The march was accomplished
wi t hout a c c i de nt , and t h e t wo br i ga de s encamped f or t h e ni ght at
Ami r Kala and Baraki Barak, r e s pe c t i ve l y. Thence t h e y moved down by
e a s y mar ches, and e s t a bl i s he d per manent camps a t Kala-i-Jabir and
Hi sar ak, t h e he a dqua r t e r s of t h e di vi s i on, wi t h General Hughes in
command, bei ng e s t a bl i s he d a t t h e l a t t e r pl ace.
"On t h e 3 1 s t May t h e di vi s i on s t r u c k camp and marched t o t h e other
s i d e of t h e val l ey, encampi ng on t h e s l o p e s of t h e hi gh hi l l s which
over l ooked t h e vi l l age of Deh-i-Mug halan, from whi ch a magnificent
vi ew of t h e r i c h e x p a n s e of var i ed cul t i vat i on coul d be commanded.
"The near approach of Sardar Abdur Rahman t o Kabul and t he increased
e xc i t e me nt vi s i bl e i n t h e c a pi t a l r e nde r e d it advi sabl e t o collect
t h e Br i t i s h f o r c e s in t h e nei ghbour hood of t h a t ci t y; s o on t h e 18th
J une t h e e n t i r e Ghazni f o r c e mar ched t o Charasi a, but , on arrival
t h e r e , it became a p p a r e n t t h a t t h e commi ssar i at coul d not f eed i t ,
and it was obl i ged t o r e t ur n o t t h e Logar val l ey, wher e a permanent
camp was formed a t Zargan Shah.
"On t h e 22nd July S r d a r Abdur Rahman was formally recognised by the
Br i t i s h Government a s A mi r of Afg hani st an, wher eupon t h e Ghazni
di vi s i on marched from Logar t o Kabul, ar r i vi ng t h e r e on t he 3rd
August 1880. ( See Of f i c i a l Account of t h e Second Afghan War.)
" A t t h e t i m e o f t h e e n t r y o f t h e Br i t i s h f o r c e i n t o t h e Logar
val l ey, t h e ge ne r a l a t t i t u d e of t h e i nha bi t a nt s was i nof f ens i ve and
e v e n f r i e n d l y . Th e y made no d i f f i c u l t y a b o u t f u r n i s h i n g t he
ne c e s s a r y s u p p l i e s , and were soon r e- assur ed and r el i eved of any
f e a r t h a t t h e y mi g h t ha ve e n t e r t a i n e d a s t o our i nt e nt i ons by
obs er vi ng t h e good c onduc t of t h e t r oops . his f r i endl y at t i t ude,
however , was not uni ver sal , and i nt e l l i ge nc e soon r eached camp t hat
t h e i nha bi t a nt s of Zurmat and Kharwar had t aken alarm a t our ap-
pr oach, and wer e i n a r e s t l e s s and di s t ur be d condi t i on.
"It was, t h e r e f o r e , deemed advi s abl e t o s end a r econnai ssance t o t he
s u m m i t of t h e Altimur p a s s l eadi ng i nt o Zurmat t hr ough t h e hills,
whi ch over l ooked Gener al Bar t er ' s camp t o t h e w e s t of ~ a l a - i - ~ a b i ~ ;
and Col onel MacLean was a c c or di ngl y d e s p a t c h e d wi t h t h i s object,
havi ng under h i s command a mi xed f or c e . Gener al Bart er a t t h e same
t i m e e nt r e nc he d h i s camp a t Kala-i-~abir, s o a s t o be Protected
a ga i ns t any s u d d e n or n i g h t a t t a c ks .
"Col onel MacLean s uc c e e de d in pus hi ng h i s r econnai ssance as far as
Shahwas, beyond whi ch poi nt h i s i ns t r uc t i ons di d not allow him
pr oc e e d. On r e t ur n he r e p o r t e d t h e i nha bi t a nt s of Zurmat a s being in
a c ons i de r a bl e s t a t e of e xc i t e me nt and pr e pa r e d f o r hos t i l i t i es , and
h i s r e t i r e me nt from t h i s pa s s was t h e s i gna l f or its OccuPation in
f o r c e by t h e Zurmat t r i besmen, who a t onc e commenced t o t hr ow "*
s angar s . The appear ance of our caval r y a t t h e summit of t h e Al t i mur
def i l e had caused g r e a t alarm, and was l ooke d upon a s s i gni f i c a nt of
our i nt ent i ons t o occupy t h e Zurmat valley. The t r i besmen de c l a r e d
t hat t he y would o p p o s e any s uc h movement by f or c e . Every n i g h t t h e
s u mmi t s of t h e hi l l s were abl aze wi t h t h e i r wat ch- f i r es, and on more
t han one occasi on Gener al Bar t er r e p o r t e d t h a t h i s camp had been
fired into a t night. No damage was, however experi enced.
"On t h e 10t h May 1880 Major-General James H i l l s , C.B., V.C., was
appoi nt ed t o t h e command of t h e Ghazni Fi el d For ce i n Logar, and h e
accor di ngl y t ook up h i s appoi nt ment on t h e 15t h of t h e same mont h,
relieving General Hug h e s a t Hi sarak.
"On t h e 17t h May Major Euan Smith r esumed h i s d u t i e s wi t h t h e f o r c e
as pol i t i cal Of f i cer . Major Lance r e t ur ne d t o r egi ment al dut y, and
Major Cl i f f or d agai n t ook up h i s ol d appoi nt ment a s Pol i t i cal Of f i -
cer, with t h e 2nd Br i gade.
"On t h e 19t h May t h e head- quar t er s and caval r y br i ga de moved from
Hisarak t o Kala-i-Jabir. Gener al Hughes remained encamped wi t h h i s
bri gade a t t h e f or mer pl ace.
"On t h e 21s t May 1880 Major Euan Smi t h, accompani ed by Major Lance
and e s c or t e d by 100 s a br e s , vi s i t e d Char kh, a f e r t i l e d i s t r i c t ,
si t uat ed in a cul-de-sac, some 12 m i l e s s o u t h e a s t of Kala-i-Jabir.
"Charkh is a most f e r t i l e little pl ace, wel l -wooded, and wi t h an
abundant s upl y of wat er , and i nhabi t ed e nt i r e l y by Taj i ks. The s e
Tajiks a r e di vi de d i nt o t wo pa r t i e s , who have been a t deadl y enmi t y
with one a not he r ever s i nc e t h e memory of man. The Engl i sh o f f i c e r s
were, on t h e occasi on of t h i s vi s i t , w e l l r ecei ved by bot h t h e
cont endi ng f a c t i ons , who t h o u g h l i vi ng c l os e t o one a not he r , w i l l
not e nt e r each o t h e r ' s hous e s or vi l l ages. Both were p r o f u s e i n
their expressi on of f r i endshi p t owards our Government, and every one
disclaimed any par t i ci pat i on or sympat hy in t h e pr oc e e di ngs of
Ghulam Haidar Khan. The i nhabi t ant s decl ar ed t h a t t h e y had been ve r y
sever el y t r e a t e d by t h e l a t e A mi r She r Al i Khan, and t h a t t h e t axa-
tion i mposed upon t hem was more t han t h e y coul d bear. I t is t h e
case, I bel i eve, t h a t t h e e xc e pt i ona l f e r t i l i t y of Chark h ( whi ch,
with its ga r de ns and or c ha r ds , is a ver y t empt i ng s p o t ) has , from
time t o t i m e , e x p o s e d it t o e xc e pt i ona l demands from t h e Kabul
aut hor i t i es. Never t hel es s , t h e i nhabi t ant s had a well-to-do and
Pr osper ous appear ance. They had not paid any r evenue f o r t wo year s ,
and seemed t o r e ga r d wi t h di smay t h e pr obabi l i t y of a r e t ur n t o any
s et t l ed form of gover nment , whi ch s houl d r e nde r s uc h payment
unavoidable.
"On t h e 31s t May 1880 t h e di vi s i on s t r u c k camp and marched t o t h e
ot he s i d e of t h e val l ey, encampi ng on t h e s l o p e s of t h e hi gh hi l l s
which over l ooked t h e vi l l age of Deh-i-Moghalan, and from whi ch a
magni fi cent view of t h e r i c h e xpa ns e of var i ed cul t i vat i on coul d be
comanded .
" A t t h i s t i m e t h e c ount r y all ar ound, wi t h t h e e xc e pt i on of t h e
Logar i t s e l f , was in a most di s t ur be d s t a t e . Wardak had been e xc i t e d
a t t h e news of t h e de por t a t i on of t h e Must aufi Habibulla t o I ndi a,
Zurmat and Kharwar were k e p t in a s t a t e of r e s t l e s s n e s s by t h e
machinations and i nt r i gue s of Muhammad Jan, and on t h e Maidan s i d e
Abdul Ghafur, Akhunzada, was doi ng h i s b e s t t o stir up t h e pe opl e t o
mi schi ef . The pri me c a us e of al l t h i s uns e t t l e d f e e l i ng was, of
cour se, t o be f ound in t h e uncer t ai nt y whi ch r ei gned a t t h e move-
ments and i nt e nt i ons of Sar dar Abdur Rahman Khan. Men had not y e t
made up t hei r minds whose cause t o expouse, and were everywhere r i pe
f or any mi schi ef t h a t mi ght t ur n up. The pr obabi l i t i es of a hos t i l e
demonst rat i on a ga i ns t t h e Engl i sh f o r c e i n Logar seemed each day t o
become more probable.
''Under t h e s e ci r cums t ances General H i l l s c ons t r uc t e d a compl et e
series of d e f e n c e s f o r t h e di vi si on a ga i ns t n i g h t a t t a c ks . The
v i l l a g e s i n f r o n t o f t h e camp were o r d e r e d t o b e evacuat ed each day
a t s uns et , and sangar s were e r e c t e d on t h e summits of t h e commanding
h i l l s f o r t h e p r o t e c t i o n of t h e p i c q u e t s . The pos i t i on was thus
r ender ed near l y i mpr egnabl e.
he near a p p r o a c h o f Sar dar Abdur Rahman Khan t o Kabul, and t he
i nc r e a s i ng e x c i t e me n t vi s i bl e i n t h e c a pi t a l , havi ng rendered it
a dvi s a bl e t o c o l l e c t t h e Engl i s h f o r c e s i n t h e nei ghbour hood of t hat
c i t y , o r d e r s were r e c e i v e d on t h e 1 6 t h J une t h a t t h e Ghazni Field
For c e s houl d wi t hout de l a y move t o ward s Char asi a.
The ent i r e force
a c c o r d i n g l y mar ched f r om t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e camps a t Hisarak and Deb-
i - ~ o g h a l a n on t h e 1 8 t h J une, and on t h e same da y r endezvoused at
Dadu Kala. Pr e vi ous t o l e a vi ng, t h e mal i ks o f Logar were all sum-
moned by Major Ewn Smith, and t h e meaning and obj ect of t hi s sudden
move e xpl a i ne d t o t hem. They were t ol d t h a t it was more than
pr oba bl e t h a t t h e Engl i s h t r o o p s would r e t u r n t o Logar, and as it
w a s c e r t a i n t h a t o u r d e p a r t u r e woul d b e t h e s i gna l f o r t h e Zurmatis
and ma l c ont e nt s t o d e s c e n d wi t h mi s c hi e vous o b j e c t s i nt o t h e valley,
t he y were warned not t o gi ve t h e s e men count enance or support , or to
a s s i s t t h e m i n a n y way i n t h e i r h o s t i l e i n t e n t i o n s t owar ds
our s e l ve s . I n r e pl y, t h e mal i ks one and a l l de c l a r e d t h a t t he y would
k e e p al oof f r om any combi nat i on a g a i n s t us. They s ai d t h a t we had
t r e a t e d t hem w e l l and l i ber al l y, and t h a t t h e y had no quar r el with
us , and t h a t w e s houl d ha ve no c a u s e o f compl ai nt a ga i ns t them. It
is wor t hy o f n o t e t h a t , wi t h t h e s i n g l e e x c e p t i o n o f General Faiz
Muhammad Khan of Baraki Rajan, t h e mal i ks of Logar subsequent l y
a c t e d i n a manner e n t i r e l y c o n s i s t e n t wi t h t h e pr omi ses t h a t t hey
t h e n made, t h o u g h it is i mpos s i bl e n o t t o remember t h a t t h e absence
of Amin Muhammad f r om t h e i r c ounc i l s had undoubt e dl y a gr e a t e f f e c t
i n c onf i r mi ng t hem i n t h i s p r a i s e wo r t h y l i n e of conduct .
" As w6s a n t i c i p a t e d , t h e d e p a r t u r e o f t h e t r o o p s from t h e Logar
val l ey was i mmedi at el y f ol l owe d by t h e d e s c e n t of t h e i nsur gent
Zurmatis and ot he r t r i bes, who quar t er ed t hemsel ves upon t h e various
vi l l a ge s and l e vi e d c ont r i but i ons upon t h e i nhabi t ant s , r equest i ng
t hem a t t h e same t i m e t o j oi n i n a r i s i ng a g a i n s t t h e Engl i sh. This
n a t u r a l l y l e d t o c o n s t a n t d i s p u t e s , t h e Loga r is r e s ol ut e l y
de c l i ni ng t o j oi n t h e p r o p o s e d gha z a , and t h e i n s u r g e n t s i nsi st i ng
on havi ng all t h e i r want s s u p p l i e d . The onl y s e r i ous i nconveni ence
whi c h, a s was f o r e s e e n , r e s u l t e d f r om our d e p a r t u r e from Logar
r e g a r d e d t h e i mpor t a nt q u e s t i o n of s u p p l i e s , whi ch dai l y became one
o f g r e a t e r ur gency. The gr a i n s t o c k o f t h e pr e c e di ng s eas ons had
be e n all cons umed, and t h e h a r v e s t i n t h e gr ound was not yet ri pe
f o r t h e s i c kl e . Unt i l t h e t h i r d week i n ~ u l y , it was cer t ai n t hat
t h e r e would be g r e a t d i f f i c u l t y i n obt ai ni ng all t h a t was r equi si t e-
nThi s was e s pe c i a l l y t h e c a s e i n t h e ne i ghbour hood o f t h e capital,
wh e r e t h e demand had be e n s o i nc e s s a nt , and s u c h hi gh pr i ces had
be e n obt a i ne d, t h a t t h e d i s t r i c t s of Cha r de h Maidan, Musai, etc-1
etc., had pa r t e d wi t h all t h e i r r e s e r v e s t o c k . For some time Past
t h e r i c h and f e r t i l e pr ovi nc e s o f Logar and ~ a r d a k had been t h e main
s o u r c e o f s u p p l y , and our d e p a r t u r e from Logar and t h e consequent
i mpet us gi ven to t h e de s i gns of t h e i ns ur gent l eader s of Muss
p a r t y i n t h e s o u t h , a t onc e c l o s e d t h e s t e a d y s u p p l y whi ch had been
h i t h e r t o comi ng i n f r om it and t h e s o u t h e r n pr ovi nces .
" I t t h e r e f o r e be c a me a p p a r e n t s h o r t l y a f t e r t h e ar r i val of the
t r o o p s a t Char asi a t h a t t h e commi ssar i at coul d not f e e d them, and a
r e t u r n movement i n t h e d i r e c t i o n o f Logar was t h u s unavoidable,
bei ng a t t h e same t i m e r e n d e r e d pol i t i c a l l y f e e e i bl e by t h e growing
c e r t a i n t y t h a t Abdur Rahman had no i nt e nt i on of engagi ng in active
h o s t i l i t i e s a g a i n s t t h e Engl i s h.
"The t r o o p s ha l t e d f o r t h r e e d a y s a t Char asi a, and t h i s af f or ded
r a n k s an o p p o r t u n i t y o f vi s i t i ng t h e c i t y and t h e obj e c t s of inter-
e s t in t h e neig hbourhood, which was embraced with speci al eager nes s
by t h e nat i ve t r o o p s o f a l l c r e e d s . On t h e 26t h J une, t h e di vi s i on
marched back t o Zahi dabad, and i n t h e c o u r s e o f f o u r da ys r e a c he d
Zagan Shahr, where a permanent camp was formed unt i l t h e 27t h July.
"The movement of t h e t r o o p s from Char asi a was t h e s i gna l f o r t h e
hast y br eaki ng u p o f all t h e r e b e l ba nds t h a t had as s embl ed i n t h e
Logar valley. The l e a d e r s and t h e i r f ol l owe r s agai n t ook t o t h e
summi t s o f t h e h i l l s a nd wa i t e d f o r e v e n t s . T h e s e d e v e l o p e d
t hemsel ves s h o r t l y i n a manner whi ch, a s r e g a r d s t h e s e men, was
equally unpl easant and unex p e c t e d .
"On t h e 30t h J une, ne ws was r e c e i ve d a t Zargan Sha r t h a t Sar dar
Muhammad Husain Khan, who had be e n ve r y a c t i v e i n f oment i ng t h e
hos t i l e f e e l i ng a g a i n s t us , had a r r i ve d a t t h e l a r g e vi l l a ge of
patkao-i-Shahana, some 12 m i l e s s o u t h of Zargan Sha hr , accompani ed
by some 1, 000 h o r s e and f oot , whi ch were i n t e n d e d t o form t h e
nucl eus of a much l a r g e r h o s t i l e g a t h e r i n g , and pos s i bl y t o a c t i n
concert with Sardar Muhammad Hashim Khan.
"On r e c e i p t of t h i s i nt e l l i ge nc e , Gener al H i l l s a t o n c e d e c i d e d on
sendi ng out t h e caval r y br i ga de t o r e c onnoi t r e , and i f a f avour abl e
o p p o r t u n i t y o f f e r e d , t o a t a c k a nd d i s p e r s e t h e e ne my; a n d ,
accor di ngl y, on t h e morni ng of t h e 1st Jul y, Gener al Pal l i ser , C.B.,
accompanied by t h e 1st punj ab Caval ry unde r Col onel Maclean, t h e
2nd Punjab Caval ry unde r Col onel Kennedy, C.B., and t h e 1 9 t h Bengal
Lancers s u c c e e d e d i n comi ng u p wi t h some 800 men, who had near l y
r eached t h e s a f e c ove r o f t h e hi l l s , and of whom t h e y ki l l ed some
200 wi t h a c o mp a r a t i v e l y s l i g h t l o s s on o u r s i d e . Th e c a v a l r y
r et ur ned t o camp i n t h e e ve ni ng, havi ng been f o r f i f t e e n hour s
uni nt er r upt edl y i n t h e s a d d l e and havi ng r i d d e n ove r 40 miles.
"The e f f e c t of t h i s a c t i on was e xc e l l e nt ; t h e h o s t i l e combi nat i on
agai nst us was e nt i r e l y br oke n up, and Logar was a t onc e f r e e d f r om
t h e pr e s e nc e of t h e gha z i s . So g r e a t however was t h e t e r r o r c a us e d
by t h e s u d d e n a c t i on o f our t r o o p s , t h a t i mmedi at e meas ur es were
necessar y t o p r e v e n t t h e i nha bi t a nt s o f Logar t a ki ng f l i g h t e n
masse. Re a s s u r i n g l et t er s were a c c o r d i n g l y s e n t o u t t h e s a me
eveni ng, t e l l i ng t h e i nha bi t a nt s t h a t t h e y had not hi ng t o f e a r , and
pr ai si ng t hem f o r t h e i r p a s t a bs t e nt i on from j oi ni ng t h e g haza. A s
al l t h e men e nga ge d had come from Zurmat, and none of t h e Logar i s
were i mpl i cat ed, t h e s e letters had t h e d e s i r e d e f f e c t , and t h e
Pe o p l e r e ma i ne d q u i e t l y i n t h e i r home s , a nd on t h e n e x t d a y
recommended s e ndi ng s u p p l i e s i n t o our camp and i n t o Kabul, whe r e
gr e a t d i s t r e s s was pr e va l e nt on a c c ount of t h e s c a r c i t y o f f ood,
which t h i s s upl y from t h e Logar t e n d e d mat er i al l y t o al l evi at e.
"From t h e 1st J ul y unt i l t h e 27t h of t h e same mont h, Gener al H i l l s '
di vi si on remai ned encamped a t Zargan Shahr , and not hi ng o f any
i mpor t ance occur r ed.
"On t h e 1st August t h e di vi s i on encamped a t I nda ki i n t h e Cha r de h
valley and on t h e 3r d Augus t r e a c he d Kabul."
Suppl i es. With r e ga r d t o t h e al l - i mpor t ant que s t i on of s u p p l i e s , it
may p e r h a p s be s u f f i c i e n t b r i e f l y t o not i c e h e r e t h a t t h e s u p p l i e s
obt ai nabl e in t h e Logar val l ey a r e , t o all i n t e n t s and p u r p o s e s ,
Pr act i cal l y i ne xha us t i bl e , and t h a t an ar my c o u l d b e ma i nt a i ne d
t h e r e f o r a ve r y l ong pe r i od and f i nd no d i f f i c u l t y what ever i n
Suppl yi ng i t s e l f wi t h a l l t h e n e c e s s a r i e s o f l i f e bot h f o r man and
beast s. The year l y c r o p of gr ai n and of c e r e a l s o f var i ous k i n d s is
immense; t h e gr a z i ng f o r camel s is i l l i mi t abl e; and t h e s u p p l y o f
gr een f or a ge and bhus a is ampl e f o r t h e s u p p l y of a ve r y l a r g e
f o r c e . ( Th i s is p r o b a b l y a s o me wh a t e x a g g e r a t e d vi e w o f t h e
of t h e Logar d i s t r i c t , but t h e r e is no doubt t h a t l a r g e
Quant i t i es of s u p p l i e s can b e obt ai ned t her e. ) During t h e t h r e e
t h a t t h e Ghazni di vi s i on remai ned in Logar, t h e r e was never
a ny r e a l d i f f i c u l t y a bout SUP p l i e s , t h o u g h c i r c ums t a nc e s sometimes
o c c a s i o n e d a b r i e f t e mp o r a r y i n c o n v e n i e n c e . Th e i nhabi t ant s ,
howe ve r , r e a s s u r e d by t h e e x c e l l e n t behavi our o f t h e t r oops and
punc t ua l payment f o r wha t e ve r was b r o u g h t i n, were r eady t o suppl y
a l l t h a t was n e c e s s a r y , s a v e o n l y a t s u c h t i m e s a s t h e y were
r e s t r a i n e d f r om doi ng so by t h e f e a r of s ur r oundi ng ghazi s. Their
a p p r e c i a t i o n of t h e way i n whi c h t h e y had been t r e a t e d by us, and of
t h e many a dva nt a ge s t h e y had d e r i v e d f r om our pr e s e nc e i n t he
pr ovi nc e , was e vi nc e d by t h e i r a b s o l u t e r e f u s a l t o join t h e ghazis
when t h e y a s s e mbl e d i n t h e val l ey a f t e r our d e p a r t u r e from Deh-i-
Moghalan and pr e vi ous t o t h e a c t i on a t Patkao-i-Shahana, and they
x k n o wledg ed wi t h gr at i t ude t h e consi d erat i on and ki ndness which had
been shown them.
" ~ t must be remembered t h a t t h e year 1880 was one of unusual dryness
i n Logar a s i n o t h e r p a r t s o f t h e count r y. Much l and t ha t was
o r d i n a r i l y c u l t i v a t e d wa s l e f t u n t i l l e d on t h i s a c c o u n t , and a
c ons i de r a bl e qua nt i t y o f t h e c r o p s onl y pr oduc e d hal f t he i r yield
owi ng t o t h e i mpos s i bi l i t y of a f f o r d i n g t hem s u f f i c i e n t irrigation.
~ o t w i t h s t a n d i n g t h i s , s u p p l i e s o f a l l sor t s were al ways fort h-
coming."
"Water. The wat er of t h e Logar r i ve r is e xc e l l e nt , and t h e irriga-
t i o n c a n a l s d r a wn f r om t h e r i v e r d i s t r i b u t e it a l l over t h e
pr ovi nce. The r e is c a p i t a l f i s h i n g i n t h e r i ve r , and f i s h over 4
l bs . i n we i g h t were t a k e n o u t o f it wi t h hook and l i ne.
VILLAGES IN THE UPPER LOGAR (SOUTHERN DIVISION)
GROUPS OF VILLAGES.
1. BARAKI RAJAN -
Cont a i ns 1, 000 f ami l i es , i nc l udi ng t h e out l yi ng haml et s.
I n h a b i t a n t s mos t l y Ta j i k.
2. BARAKI BARAK -
500 f a mi l i e s , Ta j i k.
3. PATKAO ROGHANI -
100 f a mi l i e s , mos t l y Ta j i k.
4. SHAH MAZAB -
250 f a mi l i e s , St a na z a i br anch of Ghi l z a i s .
5. YUSUF KALA -
200 f a mi l i e s , St a na z a i .
6. JABIB KALA
200 f a mi l i e s , St a na z a i .
7. and 8. PATKAO-I-SHAHANA and KALA LIAS KHAN
260 f ami l i es, i nc l udi ng 3 haml et s of Sa i yi ds (50 hous e s , and one
o f Ah ma d z a i s ( 1 2 h o u s e s ) , r e ma i n d e r o f r e s i d e n t s a r e
St a na z a i s , Tajiks, and a few Mohamands.
9. MANGO KHEL and
10. PATEH KHEL 100 f a mi l i e s , ~ t a n a z a i s .
11. U N I SAIYIDAN
250 f a mi l i e s and Sa i y i d s and Ta j i ks . *
12. HISARAK
In vi l l aqe i t s e l f a r e 100 f ami l i es of Taj i ks and Liai Khel s (a
branch o i t h e St anazai s) . At t ached t o ~ i s a r a k a r e -
4 hamlets of Li a s i Khels -
2 " I' Ta j i ks -
1 'I " Ki z i l ba s hi s -
3 " " Popal zai s -
13. MUGHAL KHEL
50 f ami l i es , St anazai .
14. WAZ IR KAREZ
40 f ami l i es , Hazara.
15. KALA-I -YAKUB
16. KALA-I-HAKIM and
17. KHALLABAD
45 f a mi l i e s .
20
I 1
15
I 1
40
11
Are Government pr oper t y,
110 f a mi l i e s , a l l Hazaras.
18. JUYAK
40 f a mi l i e s , Ki z i l ba s hi s , and a few Afghans of var i ous t r i b e s .
19. PA10 KHEL and
20. TATTOR
25 f a mi l i e s , St na z a i , and
Sai yi d.
21. CHALOZAI
250 f ami l i es , Sulaiman Khel.
22. MOKHAND
40 f a mi l i e s , Mohmands.
Abstract of above.
Twenty-two vi l l age gr oups , cont ai ni ng appr oxi mat el y 3,535 fami l i es.
A l l t h e above a r e i ncl uded in t h e Sout her n Division of t h e Upper
Logar. Notes. - To s out h of Logar pr ope r , but i ncl uded in t h e Kabul
revenue account s , lies -
CHARKH -
1,000 f ami l i es of Ta j i ks occupying 4 vi l l a ge s , vi z . -
1. Kala-i-Nao 3. Garmawa
2. Pingram 4. Nao Shahar.
VILLAGES IN THE UPPER LOGAR (NORTHERN DIVISION)
For t s or of
Groups of v i l l a g e s Hamlets Fami l i es Tr i bes
180
60
Kulangar Group 4 1 8 0
10
3 0
175
Purak Group 17 15
6
Uni Si f l a 2 20
Deh-i-Nao Arnin al-Mulk 3
5 0
Babus
2 120
Khwa j a s
Sayyi ds
Ta j i ks
A ghan
Ki z i l b a s h a n d
Hazaras
Ast anazai (Ghi l z a i )
Nasir
II
Tokh i
I 1
Hotak
11
Par s i wan
Painda Khel, Sulaiman
Khe 1
Karez- i -Bashi r 2 10 !I II
Shulok 1 3 0 Gadai Khel, Ghilzai.
~ a r e z - i - Pi a r o Khel 1 3 0 Pi a r o Khel, Sul ai -
man Khel
Karez- i-Mirwal 1 10 Ahrnadzai, Ghi l zai .
Dadu Khel 2 100 !I tI
Kar-ez-i-Saiyidaun 1 8 Sai yi ds .
- -
r TOTAL 93 934
Add Sout her n Di vi si on ... 3,535
GRAND TOTAL . . . 4,469
Fami l i es in Upper Logar, i.e., i n t h e por t i on of t h e valley south of
t h e d e f i l e cal l ed Tangi Waghjan, b u t e xc l us i ve of Charkh and Amir
Kala and its vi ci ni t y.
VILLAGES IN THE LOWER LOGAR, i.e., NORTH OF THE TANG1 WAGHJAN
VILLAGES TRIBES NUMBER OF NUMBER OF REMARKS
FORTS OR FAMILIES
HAMLETS
Zargan Shahar 1/ 3 Taj i k 9 250
2/3 Ahmadzai
Burg Ahmadzai
Surkhao Di t t o 8
Mazgin Taj i k 1
Karez-i-Daulat Ni azi and 1
Ahmadzai .
Kala-i-Nazir Ni azi 1
Kala-i-Rahim Taj i k
Khan
Wagh j an Di t t o 1
Mughal Khel St anazai 7
Karez-i-Alam St anazai 1
Sukhbad Hazara 1
Shahghasi Aha dz a i and 1
Hazara
Bagh-i-Sul t a n Ta j i k 1
Deh- i -Nao Taj i k 4
Kala-i-Wazir Hazara , 4
On d i r e c t road
between Kushi and
Kabul. Watered
by karez.
To e a s t of r i ver
Logar and cl ose
under t he Koh-i-
Sul t an range of
h i l l s , watered by
karez.
Half-way between
Zargan Shahar and
Mirza Khel.
Between Karez-i-
Daulat and Deh-i-
Nao
Cl ose t o Tangi
Waghjan on left
bank of Logar.
On l e f t bank of
Logar.
On l e f t bank of
Logar.
On l e f t bank of
Logar.
On l e f t bank of
Logar.
On l e f t bank of
Logar.
On r i ght bank of
Logar.
On r i ght bank of
Logar.
On r i ght bank of
MirZa Khel
~ a l a - i - ~ i s h i n
Muhamnad Agha
Kala Haf i Zul l a
~ u t i Khel
Sher Afghan
Zah idabad
Gumran
Sangar Khel
Safed Sang
Rahmatabad
Aubazak
Auparan
Dashtak
Shadkhana
Kata Sang
Musai Bala
Musai
Ahmadza i ,
Taj i k
Ahmada z i
Hazara
Taj i k
St anzai
St anzai
Adramzai and
Taj i k
Mi scel l aneous
Adramzai
St anazai
Taj i k
Taj i k
Sahak
Ahmadzai S
Hasankhel 5
Ast anzai 1
Ast anzai 2
Arab and Ta j i k 4
Ahmad za i 23
Hasankhel 2 3
Popal zai 2 3
Kala-i-Nishan Ta j i k 1
Nonias Taj i k 5
On l e f t bank of
Logar.
On l e f t bank of
Logar.
On r i g h t bank of
Logar.
On r i g h t bank of
Logar.
Di t t o
On l e f t bank of
Logar.
On bot h s i d e s of
Logar.
On r i g h t bank.
On l e f t bank.
On r i g h t bank.
West of r i v e r
Logar, i n a
va l l e y towards
Maidan. Karez
wat er .
East of r i v e r
Logar and c l os e
under t h e h i l l s .
Karez wat er .
On r i g h t bank of
r i v e r Logar of f
t he main road.
Di t t o
On l e f t bank of f
t he d i r e c t road
t o Kabul.
A cont i nuat i on of
va l l e y of r i v e r
Logar. Hamlets
on bot h s i d e s of
t he r i v e r of f
t he Kabul road
and out of s i g h t
of it.
On w e s t of Kabul
road.
On west of Kabul
road.
-
TOTAL HAMLETS 1 4 4 2,554 Fami l i es i n
Lower L q a r .
Extract from Surgeon-Major ~ o h n s t o n ' s Chips from t he Logar Val l ey.
"Regarding t h e domestic animals, al t hough s hepher ds with t h e majori-
t y of t he i r f l o c k s mi gr at e t o Kurram and al l i ed val l eys in wi nt er , a
Proport i on a r e domi ci l ed in t h e vi l l ages. The lambing season is
from mid-March t o mid-April. The farmers reckon t hat a ewe and she-
goat car r y f i ve mont hs, a cow t en, a mare el even, and camel t wel ve
months. The dumbs a r e t h e s h e e p of t h e valley. They have a s h o r t
f l at t ai l and small ear s. The mutton i s good. They lamb in s pr i ng.
The Hazara is a s hor t - t ai l ed var i et y. They never t hr i ve in t h e
Logar, all g e t t i n g out of condi t i on from ' r ot ' or ' l i ver-fl uke, ' I n
Hazara t h e ewe is r e p u t e d
t o lamb i n Apr i l and Oct ober, t he dumba
f a t t e n s i n t h e Hazara hi l l s , but onl y c a r r i e s in s pr i ng.
The hi,
ohi is tan, o r Tur ki s t an s h e e p is ver y l a r ge , f r equent l y carrying
massi ve hor ns. The f i b r e of t h e mus c l e is c oa r s e and t he f l es h
rammy. Th e f a t is d e p o s i t e d a s a b i p e d l o b e i n t h e caudal
a ppe nda ge . I t has r eal l y no t ai l .
The Ghi l zai mountain s heep has a
f l a t but small t a i l wi t h l ong pendul ous ear s. The mutton is sweet
and s upe r i or t o t h e Hazara. Nei t her t h e Kuchi, Hazara, nor ~ h i l ~ ~ i
f a t t e n i n t h e val l ey. The l a s t t wo a r e w e l l set up, t h e f a t chi efl y
de pos i t i ng, a s in t h e Engl i sh s h e e p , ar ound t h e ki dney and along t h e
f l ank.
"The c a t t l e a r e s m a l l i n s t a t ur e , and t h e meat poor in quantity.
The a ve r a ge yi el d of milch ki ne is f our s e e r s of mi l k daily; the
s p e c i f i c gr a vi t y bei ng 1026.
E w e s a r e r egul ar l y mi l ked; t h e i r dai l y aver age is 10-5 chittaks
s p e c i f i c gr avi t y 1033.
"Goats. Both t h e l a r g e val l ey, and small hai r y mountain, goat s are
e x c e l l e n t mi l k- pr oducer s gi vi ng an aver age of 10-3 c hi t t a ks daily,
s p e c i f i c gr avi t y 1029-6 ( ni net y- t hr ee obs er vat i ons ) .
" Mu l e s o f g o o d t r a n s p o r t q u a l i t i e s , a l t h o u g h r a t h e r small, are
occasi onal l y br ed; t h e mare is i nvari abl y t h e dam. A jenny is never
c ove r e d, s o t h e r e a r e no ' j ennet t es . '
"The a s s i s abundant l y br ed. They a r e s m a l l s t u r d y cr eat ur es with
wonder f u l car r yi ng abi l i t y.
"Hor ses a r e most l y gal l oways and poni es. The l a t t e r ar e excellent
f or baggage purposes.
"Camels a r e har dy and hai r y, wi t h broad f or e he a d and narrow rat-like
jowl. They a r e al l w e l l r i bbed up and easi l y car r y six maunds.
Thei r hai r yi e l ds ' pashm; ' from t h e milk kr ut is pr epar ed, while
t h e i r d r o p p i n g s a r e s t a c ke d f o r f uel .
"Fowl s. Much of t h e poul t r y is beaut i f ul l y f e a t he r e d and pencilled.
From Febr uar y t o June, agai n i n August and Sept ember , t hey usually
l ay t wo da ys on end wi t h a bye-day f ol l owi ng. In Jul y t hey moult,
and e g g s a r e s car ce. From Oct ober t o January only an odd fowl Or
t wo l ays. The r e are many va r i e t i e s of f owl , resembl i ng in si ze and
t a s t e t h e Dorki ng; t h e d i g i t s however d i f f e r . I t pr oduces a brown-
i s h e g g q u i t e equal t o t h e l a r ge Engl i sh fowl . The more ordinary
s ma l l hen l ays with t h e per si st ency of t h e Hamburgh, which i t resem-
bl es . The Bantam is unknown. The game-cocks a r e ver y plucky and
f i g h t unt i l vi c t or i ous or e xha us t e d.
"Dress. In summer a l i g h t c ot t on bl ous e, s h i r t , wi de pyjamas, s k u l l
cap, pagr i , and s h o e s a r e worn i n t h e Logar.
A wi de blue s ki r t and
pyjamas a r e a f f e c t e d by t h e women. Gi r l s wear a l ong blue (some-
times adorned with gold s t r i pes ) short-bodied cot t on gown.
"In wi nt er a Kabul or Ghazni pos t i n, Pyjamas of burzu (black b r a k
from Kohi st an) , and a pai r o f l ong t h i g h l e a t he r snow boot s made of
cow or camel s ki n, and l i ned wi t h f e l t , a r e uni ver sal l y worn*
"Nei t her t h e Kandahar f e l t kosai ,
t h e camel hai r barak Hazara =hoga,
nor t h e s h o r t l aci ng boot s , s o much pat r oni s ed in s out he r n Afghani-
s t an, a r e ut i l i s e d.
"Manuf act ur es. The s e a r e f ew. Pot t e r y a s s ur ai s , coar s e felt ragsf
and bl anket s . Soc ks a r e made from s h e e p ' s hai r only. oat^'^^^^^
a r e in t h e unt anned s t a t e e xc l us i ve l y us ed f or ki dgi t ent s .
"Et hnol ogy.
The r e a r e t wo c h i e f r aci al el ement s in t h e Logar
l ey, r e pr e s e nt i ng t h e Indo-Germanic and Mongolian ~ t t u n i c families'
Of t h e Indo-Germanic, w e have t h e Af ghan, Tajik, and ~ i z i l b a s h *
The
Hazara is of Mongolian or i gi n.
"Ther e has been c ons i de r a bl e i nt er - cr os s i ng bet ween t h e
per si c ~ i z i l b a s h and t h e Af ghan. The Tajik is most l y Per s i c. Mon-
golian hybr i ds abound.
In t hem t h e obl i que e y e is e va ne s c e nt .
"The Af ghans a r e t h e most numer ous. They a r e s ubdi vi de d i n t o f i v e
sect s- - ~hmad zai s, Adramzai s, Kut i k he l s , Khar ot i s, and Mush wanis.
The t wo f i r s t a r e c h i e f l y s m a l l c r a f t e r s and farm l abour er s . During
t he wi nt er many of t hem p r e f e r a mi gr at or y l i f e i n a more c onge ni a l
clime l i vi ng mainly by t h e f t . The Kuti Khel s a r e s h e p h e r d s and
dr over s. The Khar ot i s a r e me r c ha nt s and camel - br eeder s, whi l e t h e
~ u s h wanis a r e mer chant s and cr af t er s.
!#The Taj i ks a r e t h e c h i e f c a r r i e r s and t h e Hazaras most l y farm
ser vant s.
'!The ~ i z i l b a s h i s a r e mos t l y l a nde d p r o p r i e t o r s , who r e t a i n Hazaras,
~hma dz a i s o r Adramzais a s s e r va nt s . They l i v e on t h e i r e s t a t e s , or
ser ve t h e Crown a s caval r y s ol di e r s .
llClimatology. Time is r e c kone d f r om Mussulman N e w Year ' s Day ( 20t h
March). From mi d-February t o mi ddl e o f Apr i l it r a i ns i nc e s s a nt l y;
t hence t o 1 5 t h J ul y c l e a r we a t he r wi t h an occas i onal c l oudy day is
t h e r ul e; t h e n comes a s h o r t s ub- t r opi cal summer of a mont h' s dur a-
tion, f ol l owed by t wo mont h' s f a i r b u t somet i mes ve r y c l oudy weat h-
er , dur i ng whi ch t h e ear l y morni ng hour s a r e ver y col d; but t h e s un
is still a warm o r i e n t ray.
"Snow f a l l s by t h e e nd of Oct ober , and c l o t h e s t h e gr ound 3 t o 5
f e e t d e e p unt i l Febr uar y. Heavy nor t he r l y wi nds s c o u r t h e val l ey
curl i ng snow wr e a t hs many y a r d s i n h e i g h t . Thr oughout e ve n t h e
wumest months t h e ni ght s ar e ever cool.
"Careful t her momet r i c obs e r va t i ons we r e r e c o r d e d dur i ng May, J une ,
and Jul y, t h e result is summar i sed:
Max imum Minimum Dai l y Range
May 90 F. 33 F. 80-2 F.
June 100 F. 51 6 F.
J ul y 97 F. 51 87-3 F.
"The maximum t her momet er was s l ung in a Kabul pal t e n t , ope ne d on
al l s i d e s , 3 f e e t from gr ound.
"The minimum was pl aced on a board i n t h e ope n ai r.
"Earthquakes ar e common enough in March and April. They run acr oss,
never al ong, t h e val l ey, and a r e l ocal l y e v e r r e ga r de d a s t h e pr e-
cur s or of mi s f or t une.
"Thunder - st or ms a r e f r e q u e n t dur i ng t h e s e mont hs , hai l - s t ones f a l l
as l a r ge a s pi ge on' s e g g s sel dom i nj ur i ng man or beas t . Bot h a r e
bet i mes ki l l ed by l i ght ni ng.
"Dust -whi rl s were ver y f r e q u e n t dur i ng our t h r e e mont hs ' t our in t h e
valley. They were r emar kabl e f o r t h e i r i mpe t uos i t y and col umnar
l engt h. The e l e c t r i c d r i f t was i nvar i abl y from r i g h t t o l e f t .
"The a t mos phe r i c ai r was i n J une r emar kabl y pur e. The he l i ogr a phi c
f l as h was r ead a t 50 m i l e s d i s t a n c e i n a bee- l i ne.
h he economic c r ops grown i n t h e v a l l e y a r e :
Ajwain
Bean, f i e l d
Barley
Buckwheat
Clover
Cabbage, bl ue drum-head
Caul i f l ower, l a r g e
Car r ot s
Cor i ander
C m i n ( s c a r c e ) .
Cucumber
Di 11
Dal l s
Ma i ze
Madder
Melons, wat er , two v a r i e t i e s ,
l a r g e t ur booz, l ong t hi n.
I t II
Musk
II I1
Rock
(Pumpkin) bot t l e- necked
I* I1
round
Mustard, t h r e e v a r i e t i e s
Onion, bl ue and whi t e
POPPY
Radd i s h
Rice
Egg-pl ant
Fl a x, 1 i ns eed
Fennel
Gar1 ic
Gram, whi t e
Jowar , l a r g e m i l l e t
Le t t uc e
Lucer ne
Leeks
Rye?
Sag, pot - her bs.
Ta r e s
Tobacco, br oad l e a f
11 11
narrow l e a f
Tur ni p
Vi nes
Wheat
"The r ot a t i on o f c r o p s is w e l l unde r s t ood. Cer eal s and gr ass me
gr own on t h e same f i e l d s a t an i n t e r v a l of t wo year s. They manure
wi t h human d e j e c t a and h o r s e d r o p p i n g s . Cow and camel excr et a are
c h i e f l y us e d f o r f ue l . No f i e l d wi t hi n t h e pal e o f i r r i gat i on lies
f al l ow. Vi nes, t h e gandana l e e k and madder are t o p d r e s s e d before
t h e s now f al l s . The i r a gr i c ul t ur a l s ys t e m may b e t h u s summarised:
Th e gr ound is pl oughe d, manur ed, wa t e r e d; pl oughe d a second time.
The s e e d is t h e n sown, and from its br i ar i ng unt i l it r i pens water
is p l e n t i f u l l y i r r i g a t e d t h r o u g h t h e c r o p s .
"Wheat and a l l i e d gr a i ns a r e not , a s i n Engl and, ar t i f i cal l y desic-
c a t e d . I r r i ga t i on is c u t o f f and t h e pi e r c i ng s ol ar r ay har dens and
d r i e s t h e gr a i n i n t h e ear .
"Far mer s r e c k o n on t wo pr i nc i pa l c r ops - - t he s p r i n g , bari ; and winter
t er mai - cor r es pond i ng , al l owi ng f o r cl i mat i c i nf l uence, with t he
kha r i f and r abi o f Hi ndust an.
"The s p r i n g c r o p is s own a bout 30t h March and har ves t ed in July.
The wi nt e r s own a bout 2 0 t h Oct ober , and is a l s o c u t i n July. An
i nt e r me di a t e c r o p c o n s i s t i n g c h i e f l y of s u c c u l e n t veget abl es , rice,
and f o d d e r f o r c a t t l e , is sown e a r l y i n June, and r e a pe d about mid-
Oct ober . The r o o t of t h e madder d o e s n o t r i pe n unt i l it has been
f o u r ye a r s i n t h e gr ound. Fe nne l a t t a i n s a her baceous charact er,
and y i e l d s f o u r year s .
"Garl i c, oni ons , mot h and da l l gr ow e qua l l y a s s pr i ng and winter
cr ops .
"The gandana l e e k is r eal l y an oni on whi ch ha s been t r ai ned as a
pe r e nni a l pr oduc e r . Th e corm is l e f t i n t h e gr ound and t h e l eafage
us e d a s l e e k s . The ol d corm s h o o t s o u t c or ml e t s and from t hese
f r e s h l e e k s annual l y s p r i n g .
" The r e is a s p e c i e s of bar l ey cal l ed j aodar whi ch r esembl es rye so
ve r y c l o s e l y t h a t I am a t p r e s e n t unabl e t o d e t e c t any di f f er ence-
It may p o s s i b l y be a hybr i d. The f a r me r s tell m e it is cultivated
on a r i d s o i l by t h e poor e r c l a s s e s . The gr ai n is dar k out si de,
wh i t i s h i nt er nal l y. The f l our and c h a p a t i e s made of it ar e black*
J a oda r is r e p u t e d t o have or i gi nal l y gr own of its own accor d among
t h e wheat - f i el ds.
" Lucer ne y i e l d s e i g h t c r o p s annual l y: t h e aut umn one 1s t wi st ed
i n t o r o p e s of hay, and s t or e d. "
LOGAR LAM
+J+
A vi l l a ge i n Lag hman, c o n s i s t i n g of t h e f ol l owi ng haml et s occupied
by Jabar Khel Ghi l zai s:
(1) Kot l aha- i - Af zal Khan
( 2 ) Kal a-i -Afzal Khan
( 3) Kal a-i -Si kandar Khan
( 4 ) Kala-i-Mir A l a m Khan. (Warburt on. )
LOHANI Or LOHANA
( &y ) &JJ
1s t h e name now commonly gi ve n t o a l a r g e number o f powindah t r i bes-
As s t a t e d by c e r t a i n o f t h o s e t r i b e s t he ms e l ve s , it i ncl udes not
onl y t h e d e s c e n d a n t s o f Lahar nai o r Nuhar nai , a s h e was a l s o c a l l e d ,
b u t a l l t h e d e s c e n d a n t s of h i s g r e a t - g r a n d f a t h e r I br ahi m, and o n e
h e a r s o f Ni azi s and Dot ani s and o t h e r s b e i n g c a l l e d Lohani s .
The s i mi l ar i t y i n t h e names o f t h e Loha ni s a nd Lowanas h a s , u n t i l
qui t e r e c e n t l y , b e e n t h e c a u s e o f much c o n f u s i o n i n t h e mi n d s o f
wri t ers on bor der t r i b e s and t h e s e t wo t r i be s have been c onf us e d not
onl y wi t h e a c h o t h e r b u t wi t h t h e Ghi l zai s . I n t h e s e c o n d e d i t i o n
of t h i s Ga z e t t e e r , P a r t 11, w e f i r i d u n d e r h e a d i n g "Lohani ":
"The name wh i c h t h e Af g h a n s g i v e t o t h e t r i b e s wh o t r a d e wi t h
A g hani s t an and o t h e r c o u n t r i e s , g e n e r a l l y c a l l e d b y u s Po wi n d a h s ,
s uc h a s t h e Nas i r s , Sul ai man Khel , Khar ot i , Daf t i ani , Maizak, Mia
Khel, Mulla Khel , Andar i , a n d Taraki . "
AS w i l l b e s e e n f r om Ca pt a i n McMahonl s n o t e on t h e Ghi l z a i s , f i v e o f
t h e t r i b e s g i v e n a b o v e a r e n o t Loha ni s , b u t Ghi l z a i s , i.e., t h e
Nasi rs, Sul ai man Khel , Kha r ot i s , Andar i s , and Tar aki s . Agai n, i n
ver y r e c e n t maps we f i n d t h e c o u n t r y o f t h e Lowanas named Lohana,
and i n t h e " Ga z e t t e e r o f t h e Nor t h- Wes t Fr o n t i e r " o f 1886-87 w e f i n d
t h e f ol l owi ng:
"Thei r (Lohana) c o u n t r y is s h o wn i n t h e mo s t r e c e n t s u r v e y map a s
s i t ua t e d a t t h e he a d o f t h e Khwandar (Kundar) va l l e y i mmedi at el y
nor t h o f t h e Sar an Kakar s , s o u t h e a s t o f t h e Na s i r s and s o u t h o f t h e
Sulaiman K h el."
Now t h i s c o u n t r y , s o d e f i n e d , b e l o n g s t o Lowanas, a nd n o t Lohani s .
I t may b e me nt i one d t h a t t h e c o r r e c t name o f t h e Lowanas is La wunr s
or Lowunrs. Owi ng t o t h e e x t e n s i v e t r a d e c a r r i e d on b y t h i s t r i b e
in salt, it was a t o n e t i m e s u p p o s e d t h a t t h i s name was c o n n e c t e d
wi t h "lun," t h e wor d commonl y u s e d by Punj abi s f o r s a l t .
The f ol l owi ng b r i e f n o t e s by Capt ai n McMahon wi l l s u f f i c e t o e x p l a i n
how t h e s e t r i be s are in no way connect ed wi t h each ot her :
Lohani s o r Lowanas. " I t h a s b e e n s h o wn a b o v e i n t h e n o t e on t h e
Ghi l zai t r i b e , t h a t t h e Ghi l z a i s a r e t h e d e s c e n d a n t s o f Ghal zoe, t h e
illicit s o n o f S h a h Husai n, a Taj i k, c h i e f o f Ghor , a nd Bi bi Mato,
t h e d a u g h t e r o f Bai t o r Bai t ani f r om whom t h e p r e s e n t Bat anni ( Bhi t -
t ani ) t r i b e cl ai m d e s c e n t . Af t e r t h e b i r t h o f Ghal zoe, a s e c o n d s o n
was bor n, named I br ahi m, and t o d i s t i n g u i s h him f r om h i s s o- cal l ed
i l l e g i t i ma t e b r o t h e r , h i s mo t h e r is s a i d t o h a v e c a l l e d hi m
"Loedai , " wh i c h woul d h e r e mean ' h e is t h e g r e a t e r son. ' From
Loedai come t h e Lodi s , wh o pl a ye d an i mp o r t a n t p a r t i n t h e h i s t o r y
of I ndi a. Th e f o l l o wi n g tree, a c c o r d i n g t o Raver t y, s h o w s t h e
des cendant s o f I br ahi m:
IBRAHIM
f
Ni azai S i a n z i Dot anzi
(Hence Ni a z i s ) (Hence Dot a ni s o f Da f t a n i s )
f
I s ma i l Pr angai
s
Su r Nukarnai Mahpal
whi ch was c o r r u p t e d
i n t o Lahar nai o r
Luhanai and now is
k h a n i s
"The d e s c e n d a n t s o f ~ u h a r n a i c ompr i s e t h e Maya Khel (Mia or Myan
Khel ) , Tat or s , Marwats, Daulat Khel and o t h e r s , and t h e s e t her ef or e
a r e t h e onl y s e c t i o n s who can r i g h t l y b e cal l ed Lohanis. 1 have
be e n gi ve n va r i ous ge ne a l ogi c a l trees by member s of t h e s e t r i bes and
i n s o me o f t h e s e Ni azai is s h o wn a s a s o n o f Lahar nai . ~t is
d i f f i c u l t now t o a s c e r t a i n t h e t r u t h a s t h e t r i b e seem t o know very
little r e g a r d i n g t h e i r d e s c e n t . One h e a r s t hem t al ki ng of other
t r i b e s s u c h a s t h e Mechan Khel, I s a Khel Kundi s and ot her s as
Lohani s.
Luwanas. " As a bove not e d t h e name o f t h i s t r i b e shoul d more
c o r r e c t l y b e wr i t t e n Lowunr o r Lawunr.
The geneal ogi cal t r e e given
bel ow s h o ws t h e i r d e s c e n t from Kaiz-i-Abdur Rashi d and pr oves t hat
t h e y a r e Par ni s and
have t h e r e f o r e no c onne c t i on wi t h t h e Lohanis:
KAIS-I-ABDUR RASHID
I
I s ma i l ( Ghor ghast )
I
Dani
I
Bahar Mandu
I
(Mandu Khel)
"In summer t h e Lohani s a r e s ai d t o l i v e i n f i n e l a r g e khi zdi t ent s
of f e l t near Pannah and Karabagh. The men a r e par t l y away i n
Bok har a and Samarkand t r a di ng, or buyi ng and s e l l i ng a t Kabul. The
women and c h i l d r e n wi t h a s u f f i c i e n t guar d l i v e in t h e t ent s . In
aut umn t h e t e n t s a r e s t o we d away i n a f r i e n d l y f o r t , and men, women,
c h i l d r e n , a nd a ni ma l s g o d o wn t h e Gumal p a s s t o t h e Derajat,
bi vouacki ng a l l t h e way. They t h e n p i t c h t h e i r s e c ond set of t ent s,
k e p t al ways i n t h e Deraj at . The men g o pa r t l y t o Lahor e and Benares
by l ong mar ches , hopi ng t o b e back by Apri l ; some men s t ay, of tour-
Set t o guar d t h e f ami l i es and t h e camel s. In Apri l t h e y go UP
t h r o u g h t h e same p a s s t o t h e i r ol d pl a c e s i n Pannah and ~a r a ba gh-
The Lohani s make pa r t of t h e i r march i n ve r y h o t weat her ; but when
t h e r i ve r is l ow, g r a s s is f ound as h i g h a s Kala Kharoti; gr een and
sweet. They a r e weal t hy and c ons t a nt l y a t t a c k e d by t h e WaZiris;
t h e s e s k i r mi s h e s a r e ge ne r a l l y a t l ong s h o t s , by whi ch one or two
men a r e ki l l e d, but somet i mes t h e a t t a c k s a r e more ser i ous. The
Wazi r i s a l s o f r e q u e n t l y c a r r y o f f t h e i r camel s, and i f c a ught they
a r e i nvar i abl y ki l l ed; b u t i f a man of any o t h e r t r i b e shoul d be t he
o f f e n d e r , h i s l i f e is s p a r e d f o r f e a r of t h e bl ood f e ud whi ch would
b e c r e a t e d , but h e h a s h i s bear d bur nt o f f , and is gener al l y t r eat ed
wi t h s u c h i ndi gni t y t h a t h e p r e f e r s t o bani s h hi msel f t o ret urni ng
t o h i s t r i b e s . T h e c a me l s o f a ~ o h a n i c a r a va n a r e n o t l ed in
s t r i n g s , b u t e a c h is s e pa r a t e l y dr i ve n by men who r un a f t e r them
Kakar ~ a ; n i ~ a g h a r ~ a h i
I
Musa Sadga Sbt Marghozani IzaLun S a f i Shdru A l i Mandu Lawunr Otfiers
I I 1
with heavy s t i c k s and d e e p s h o u t s of has! ha! ha! I t is s ai d t h e y
go qui cker , a s much a s t h r e e m i l e s an hour , by t h i s met hod o f
dri vi ng t hem.
The oh an is s how t h e i r weal t h by br ai di ng t h e hai r o f t h e i r c h i l d r e n
with gol d coi ns , and or nament i ng t h e i r women wi t h mas s i ve ear - r i ngs ,
and cover i ng t h e i r h o r s e s wi t h e x p e n s i v e t r a p p i n g s . Young b r i d e s
a r e c a r r i e d on c u s h i o n s o f s i l k on t h e b a c k s o f c a me l s mo s t
gor geousl y hung wi t h tassels, c oi ns , and bel l s . The o l d e r mar r i ed
women a r e bal anced a g a i n s t e a c h o t h e r i n kaj awahs. On a r r i vi ng a t
t h e gr ound t h e y h e l p t o unload t h e camel , t h e g i r l s dr aw wat er , and
t h e men gr a z e t h e camel s. Thei r women sel dom s c ol d, and t h e men
never, t h o u g h t h e y somet i mes qua r r e l and f i g h t . The i r h o r s e s a r e
pecul i arl y f i ne , ge ne r a l l y 1 5 ha nds and upwar ds . Thei r a r c h e d
c r e s t , d e e p c h e s t s , and br oad q u a r t e r s a r e l i k e t h o s e of t h e Engl i s h
horse. The h e a d s smal l and w e l l p u t on, b u t t h e l e g s a r e l i g h t f o r
t h e wei ght , t h o u g h by all a c c ount s t h e y ne ve r f ai l . The mar es a r e
ke pt f o r br e e di ng, b u t t h e h o r s e s a r e s ol d f o r h i g h p r i c e s t o Hi ndu
Rajas.
Generally t h e r e is not much o r d e r k e p t in t h e i r l i n e of mar ch, but
when near t h e Wazi ri s t h e y k e e p more t o g e t h e r . Pa r t i e s o f hor s emen
go be f or e and be hi nd, and t h e young men s c o u r t h e h i l l s a s f l a nki ng
par t i es. "
(Broadfoot , Lumsden, Masson, McMahon, Eknn.)
LO1 KO1 Lu( 3.d
A valley pa s s e d t h r o u g h on t h e Tubbi r o u t e from Shut ur Gardan t o
Jaj i Thana. I t is r a t h e r ove r 3 miles l ong, and in some pl a c e s , is
s o r ugge d t h a t h o r s e s can b e l e d wi t h g r e a t d i f f i c u l t y al ong t h e
pat h, whi ch is h e r e and t h e r e bl oc ke d wi t h boul de r s . The bed o f
t h e st r eam is onl y a f e w y a r d s wi de. The val l ey b e g i n s a t t h e 3r d
mile f r om t h e S h u t u r Ga r da n p a s s a nd e n d s a t t h e 6 t h m i l e .
( Spr at t . )
LOKAR
24
34-55 70-22 m. A vi l l a ge i n Laghman. I nhabi t ant s : Ar oki s. (War-
burton.) The vi l l age is some 6 m i l e s nor t h o f Alingar.
LOKHA I &'
34-40 69-55 m. A vi l l a ge i n t h e ~ h u g i a n i c ount r y, about 10 miles
eas t of Gandamak. I t lies on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Wazir Rud, and is
a common h a l t i n g p l a c e f o r k u c h i s . I t was i n t h i s i mme di a t e
neighbourhood t ha t t h e Khugianis were def eat ed on t h e 2nd April 1879
( s e e " Of f i c i a l Hi s t o r y o f t h e S e c o n d Af g h a n War."). ( Ma s s e y,
I.B.C.) The vi l l a ge is n o r t h e a s t of Sarobi. Anot her vi l l age wi t h
t h i s name is about 3 miles nor t h of Chapr i ar , a t 34-19 70-21 m. A
Pass wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d 34-21 69-52 G.
"LOKHAK
34-28 67-44 m. A vi l l a ge near Cha r gus ha , about 4 miles nor t h of t h e
Helmand in Maidan pr ovi nce.
LOLA 4
33-40 68-34 m. A vi l l age n o r t h e a s t of Ghazni and about 6 miles
West-southwest of Khwaja Khalan i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
LOL I NG
u
The name a ppl i e d t o t h e l ower pa r t of t h e Turkoman Dara st r eam.
A t
Kala Doab, t h e boundar y a t t h i s poi nt be t we e n t h e Ghorband d i s t r i c t
Pr oper and Sha i kh A l i c ount r y, t h e Lol i ng r i ve r i s s u e s from a d e e p ,
narrow, r oc ky g o r g e on t h e r i g h t s i d e of t h e val l ey cal l ed Tangi
Lol i ng, and is a s l a r g e a s t h e Ghorband r i ver . The l at t er above
t h i s poi nt is about 20 f e e t wi de and 2 f e e t de e p; but below the
j uct i on becomes 20 ya r ds wi de and 3 f e e t d e e p , even over t he shal-
l ows ,
whi l e a t most pl a c e s it is much d e e p e r and f ul l of holes, 8
f e e t de e p. The j oi nt st r eam is ve r y s wi f t , and even in October is
onl y pas s abl e a t t h e occasi onal s hal l ows ,
whi l e wi t h a very slight
rise it becomes an i mpassabl e t or r e nt . One bank is general l y shelv-
i ng gr avel , and t h e o t h e r s t e e p cl ay c l i f f s , 10 t o 15 f e e t high.
A good camel road r uns up t h e Tangi Lol i ng, and a t t h e upper end of
t h e road d i v i d e s i nt o t h r e e br anches . One l e a d s t o Dahan-i-Turko-
man, t h e r i g h t one t o Kotandar in Paghman , and t h e l e f t t o Parsa.
The f i r s t of t h e s e j oi ns t h e main Kabul-Hazijak road a t Siah Sang,
and is sai d t o be a good and f a i r l y l e v e l road. (Peacocke.)
LOMAN ir LS
33-23 67-16 G. A l oc a l i t y i n t h e J a ghur i Hazara count r y. (See Mili-
t ar y Re por t on Hazara, Par t 11.)
*LONDI 6 4
34-54 69-45 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Tagab, about
10 m i l e s n o r t h e a s t of Tagab i n Kapisa pr ovi nce.
LON KAD
&,I
Said t o be a vi l l age 136 miles from Jal abad, on t h e Alingar river,
and t o c o n s i s t of 5,000 hous e s of "Wamar" Kafi rs. (Leech.)
LUCHA KHAN
"Ld
34-44 69-8 m. A vi l l age in t h e Koh Daman of Kabul, containing 80
houses. da in loch.) Recent maps s how t h e s pe l l i ng Lochakan. (LWA.)
*LUDIN KALAI At.$
32-7 67-28 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d near She r z a i Kalai, north-northwest
of Shi nkai Ghar i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
LUJI See LAJI d
LUKH i ! '
34-33 67-27 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d near Tal khak, nor t h of t h e ~ar a- i -
Shor s hor i in Bamian pr ovi nce.
LUKHA I
d
34- 6%. El evat i on 4,700 f e e t . A s p o t on t h e road bet ween Ganda-
mak and J a g d a h k , about 9 miles from t h e former. Here, a t about 1-
1/2 m i l e s from t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Sur khab, some l evel f i el ds
a f f o r d a good campi ng gr ound, and about 1 m i l e f u r t h e r west, near
t h e ol d Pezwan pos t , room coul d be f ound f o r 2 br i ga de s by scatter-
i ng uni t s. An ampl e wat er - suppl y is a f f o r d e d by t wo st reams, and a
s p r i n g t o t h e n o r t h we s t of t h e p o s t would pr ovi de good drinking
wat er f o r 1, 000 men. The pos i t i on of t h i s pr i ng is w e l l marked by a
pa t h o f gr e e n g r a s s on t h e bl ack hi l l s i de. Suppl i e s ar e only to be
g o t wi t h d i f f i c u l t y , i f a t al l . Gr a s s is pr oc ur a bl e from t he
Hisarak val l ey; f u e l is s car ce. (Malleson.)
LUKHAI OK PEWAN
(o'& ) d
34-21 70-52 G. El evat i on 5,180 feet. A pa s s on t h e road between
Gandamak and Jagdal ak, bei ng about 11 miles from t h e former and 10
from t h e l a t t e r . I t a f f o r d s a most commanding posi t i on, and from
h e r e he l i ogr a phi c communication can be maintained wi t h ~andamakr
Jaqdal ak f o r t and any o t h e r s t a t i on t h a t may be chosen in t h e
Karkacha hi l l s.
~t about 1-1/2 m i l e s f r om t h e crest, on t h e Gandamak s i d e , a r e t h e
r ui ns of a p o s t b u i l t by u s d u r i n g t h e s e c o n d Af ghan war, whi ch was
usual l y ga r r i s one d by a bout 500 men.
The name PeZWan is now ( 1907) unknown l ocal l y, t h o u g h it was r e c o g -
nized by t h e Ghi l zai camel - dr i ver s who accompani ed t h e Dane Mi ssi on
t o Kabul i n 1905. The p a s s i t s e l f , and t h e whol e c o u n t r y i n its
neighborhood, is now known a s Lukhai. (Maeson. )
LUKI &AJ
34- 70-. A p l a i n i n t h e J a l a l a b a d v a l l e y , a t t h e f o o t o f t h e
hi l l s, s o u t h if t h e Kabul r i ve r , a f f o r d i n g good pa s t ur a ge . Th e
past or al Ghi l zai s come down wi t h g r e a t f l o c k s o f camel and s h e e p i n
autumn t o gr aze. (MacGregor. ) Re c e nt maps s how t h e s p e l l i n g
Lokhay, a t 34-19 70-21 m. (LWA.)
34-42 69-2 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d n o r t h we s t o f Haji Payk in Kabul
provi nce.
LULIDAR See LALIDAR
LULUK 4'
One of t h e c h i e f s e t t l e me n t s in t h e Sk o r i g u l i n Kaf i r i st an, c o n s i s t -
ing of a s c a t t e r e d haml et o f h o u s e s i n d i f f e r e n t l y bui l t . ( Rober t -
son. )
LUNI d
A s e c t i on o f t h e Jaj i t r i b e , who have e i g h t f o r t s , wi t h 200 h o u s e s ,
and can mus t e r 400 f i g h t i n g men. Th i s is pr obabl y t h e same a s
Lumsden' s Leh wanas s ect i on. (Agha Abbas.)
LUTDEH See BRAGAMATAL
35-40 71-21 m.
*MABATKHEL &+I.
33-44 69-3 m. A vi l l a ge l o c a t e d n o r t h of t h e Spi n Kamar and s o u t h -
west of t h e Gardez-Kabul hi ghwa y i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
MACHALGU (&)A
33-47 69-23 m. A vi l l a ge i n Zurmat. It lies a bout 17 m i l e s nor t h-
e a s t of Gar dez, on t h e r oad from t h a t pl a c e t o Kurram vi a t h e
Mirzakai Kotal. The i n h a b i t a n t s a r e Khwazaks. I t is a l a r g e and
f e r t i l e pl ace, t h e pr i nc i pa l vi l l a ge bei ng s u r r o u n d e d by f o r t s and
ha ml e t s . (I.B.c.)
MACHALGU &
33- 69-. A r a n g e o f h i l l s , an o f f s h o o t o f t h e we s t e r n Sulaiman
syst em, whi ch, r unni ng i n a s o u t h we s t e r l y d i r e c t i o n ram t h e Sh u t u r
Gardan p a s s , d i v i d e s t h e Logar val l ey and Kharwar from Zurmat.
( 1 .B.C.)
MACH I MMA rct,
Elevation 3, 370 f e e t . A s h a i k h vi l l a ge in t h e ~ a r i g u l , a t r i b u t a r y
of t h e Kunar, c o n s i s t i n g of ni ne h o u s e s and some s h e d s , e n c l o s e d by
a s qua r e wall. ~t is b u i l t 200 f e e t above t h e Nar i gul main s t r eam,
on a l ong, l ow, nar r ow s p u r , whi ch s e p a r a t e s t h e main val l ey f r om
t h e r avi ne l e a d i n g t o Arombrom in t h e Ar undugul (Arnawai). Bot h
above and bel ow t h e vi l l a ge t h e r e is c ul t i va t i on, b u t most of t h e
f i e l d s a r e in t h e r avi ne l e a di ng u p t o Arombrom. ( Rober t son. )
MADA KHEL & A d &
A s ubdi vi s i on o f Chakmani s. A vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is located
some 4 m i l e s s o u t h of Chamkani on t h e Gabr t oi st r eam, a t 33-46 69-40
m. (LWA.)
MADARDAND A J J ~
34- 70-. A p l a c e i n t h e J a l a l a ba d d i s t r i c t b e t we e n Pezwan and
~ a g d a l a k . A column was encamped a t t h i s pl a c e i n J une 1880, to
p r o t e c t t h e r oad from mar audi ng ba nds , a s p e t t y r a i d s and t he de-
s t r u c t i o n of t h e t e l e g r a p h l i n e be t we e n t h e t wo p o s t s
were of con-
s t a n t oc c ur r e nc e . (I.B.C.)
MADAR-I-WAZIR
34- 69-. A f o r t i nc l ude d i n Al l ah-ud-di n i n t h e Char deh valley of
~ a b u l ; t h i r t y f ami l i es o f Gadi Hazaras. (I.B.C.)
MADINUI, AB-I
A t r i b u t a r y of t h e Helmund.
MADOK-BAROK
d, G dl..
34-8 70-36 G. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Kot di vi s i on of t h e Jalalabad dis-
t r i ct , b e t we e n Kamal Kh e l a n d Andar ani - i - Bal a. I nhabi t ant s .
Ti r a i s . ( Jenkyns. )
*MADRASA '-)A
33-7 68-32 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d s o u t h e a s t of t h e Jar kana Ghar and
nor t h w e s t of Mush k he1 i n G hazni province.
MADUGAL ~h
A t r i b e of Si a hpos h Kaf i r s who i nha bi t t h e s h o r t t r a c t of country
be t we e n t h e Kam and t h e Kat i r s of t h e Bas hgul valley. They are
c o l l e c t e d i n t o t h r e e vi l l a ge s , viz., Bagalgrom or Muman, Sasku,
Mungul. They pos s e s s al so a few Hamlets. Robertson.)
*MADU KACH dl..
33-5 68-55 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d near Jabbar Khel on t h e way north-
w e s t t o t h e c i t y o f Ghazni .
MAGAR
A
32-53 69-16 m.
A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e Kizwak st r eam, s out heas t of
Urgun i n Pakt i a pr ovi nc e .
MAGAS
A
33- 69- . A v i l l a g e i n Kh o s t , s a i d t o b e e i g h t miles nor t h of
Matun, and t o cont ai n 120 hous e s . Over l ooki ng t h e vi l l age is said
t o b e an ol d f o r t , i n t h e r ui ns o f whi ch a nc i e nt c oi ns a r e frequent -
l y f ound. (I.B.C.)
* MAGHAK
&
34-26 67-48 m.
A vi l l a ge on a t r i but a r y of t h e Helmand, nor t hwest
of Behs ud i n Bamian pr ovi nce.
MAHIGIR A dL
34-57 69-14 m.
A vi l l age i n t h e pl ai n o f Bagram, on t h e canal of
t h e same name.
The canal was made by Timurlang,
and it is taken
f r om t h e Ghor band r i ve r a t t h e poi nt whe r e it i s s u e s from t h e hi us,
and h a s a c o u r s e o f t e n miles, i r r i ga t i ng t h e l and6 of mi an and
Mahigir. (Masson.)
MAH I PAR
&'-
34-39 69-42 A. The name gi ven t o a wa t e r f a l l in t h e Tangi Ghar u,
- -
where t h e combi ned wa t e r s of t h e Kabul and Logar r i v e r s pl unge
bodily over a h e i g h t of 90 f e e t . (Malleson.)
*MAHMUD RAQI
jr,
35-0 69-21. Mahmud Raqi is a l oye wol eswal i i n Kapisa, now Parwan
province. The wol eswal i c ompr i s e s an a r e a o f 1 2 1 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s
and has an a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on t h a t ha s been e s t i ma t e d a t from
9,928 t o 10, 999. The wol eswal i is bounded i n t h e e a s t by Nejrab, i n
t h e s out h by Kuh-i-Safi, i n t h e west by Baghram and Char i kar , and i n
t h e nor t h by Kuhest an. Mahmud Raqi i n c l u d e s some 64 vi l l a ge s , o f
which one ha s more t h a n 500 i nha bi t a nt s . The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d i n
t h e PG a s f ol l ows : As hur Khel, Kol Gai, Ataullah Khel, Har oki
Sufla, Khanan Khel, Khodayar Khel, Khum-i-Robah, Dawud Khel, Darba
Fan, Dangar Khel, Deh Bali, (Deh Babi), Nasr at Khel ( Ezat Khel ) , Deh
Baba Ali, Rahman Khel, Qala Af ghanan, Taj Mohammad Khel, Rasul
Khel, Sar Band, Sor Ghal , Abdul l ah Khel, Shukhi , Shahbaz Khel , Qal a
Sayed Khan, Sai f ud di n Khel, I badul l ah Khel (Abd ul l ah Khel) , Alam
Sher Khel, A l i Khel, Sabah Khel, Ghazi Khel, Ghani Khel, Qazi Khel ,
Qor ot ak, Qazak, Qal acha, Qala-i-Safed, Kakari, Imam Khel, Jol ayan,
Surg hondi , Zag h g i r , Qal a- i - S h e r Khan, Qal a-i -Mal i k, Qol - i - Babur ,
Qol-i-Shaghasi, Kaka Khel, Kalota, Korataz, Mohammad Omar Khel,
Mahmud Khel, Morad Khwaja, Molla Khel, Molla Zada Khel, Molla Faqi r
Khel, Sayad, Sayed Mir Khel, Nazar Khel, Nauabad, Wali Khel, Hazara,
Ado Khel, Har oki Ulya, Yaro Khel, Jamchi , Shabaz Khel, Qarya-i-
Kochiha, Qala-i-Mok h e r Ahmad, Changagi , Mosh wani, an Shahi Khel.
MAHREZ
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge in t h e Hi sarak s ubdi vi s i on of t h e Jal al abad di s -
t r i ct , about 6 1/2 miles s out h- s out hwe s t of Mazina, on t h e st r eam of
t ha t name. From h e r e t wo t r a c k s l ead over t h e Sa f e d Koh i n t o Kur-
ram, one by t h e Papi n, and t h e o t h e r by t h e Orgaz pa s s . (I.B.C.)
MAI BOLAK j %~1
A vi l l age in t h e Ghazni d i s t r i c t , i nha bi t e d by about 500 Andar i s.
(Broad f oot . )
MAIDAN Now WARDAK (J+3) "'+
34-27 68-48. A pr ovi nc e i n e a s t - c e nt r a l Af gha ni s t a n whi ch c ompr i s e s
an ar ea of 9,699 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s and an a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on
est i mat ed a t from 113, 812 t o 148, 517. The pr ovi nc e is bounded i n
t h e we s t and n o r t h we s t by Bamian, in t h e nor t h by Parwan, i n t h e
e a s t by Kabul and Logar, and in t h e s o u t h by Ghazni. Wardak is
di vi ded i nt o t h e wol es wal i s of Behsud 1 and 2, Chak-i-Wardak,
Sayyidabad, and Maidan Shar , and i nt o t h e al aqadar i s of J al r i z,
Nerkh, Dai Mirdad, and Jaghat u. The c a pi t a l o f t h e pr ovi nc e is
Kota-i-Ashro. For wol eswal i l i s t s from t h e Depar t ment of S t a t i s t i c s
of t h e Mi ni st r y of Agr i cul t ur e and I r r i ga t i on see t h e t a bl e s bel ow.
(LWA )
In 1914 t h e pr ovi nc e was de s c r i be d a s f ol l ows ;
The d i s t r i c t of Maidan c o n s i s t s of t h e u p p e r pa r t of t h e val l ey o f
t h e Kabul r i ve r and e x t e n d s t o wi t hi n 20 miles of Kabul ci t y. I t is
bounded on t h e s o u t h by t h e Wardak val l ey bel ongi ng t o t h e Ghazni
di s t r i c t , on t h e w e s t and nor t h by Besud and Shai kh Ali Hazara
count r y, and on t h e e a s t by t h e Kabul and Logar d i s t r i c t s . The
d i s t r i c t is w e l l i r r i ga t e d and r i c hl y c ul t i va t e d, and it is s t u d d e d
with numerous f o r t s and vi l l ages . Lar ge qua nt i t i e s of s u p p l i e s o f
al l ki nds f o r man and be a s t a r e pr ocur abl e form Maidan, i n e x c e s s of
t h e r e qui r e me nt s o f its popul at i on, and camel f o r a g e is pl e nt i f ul .
MAFtKAZ-I-BEHSUD
BEHS UD 2
(GARDANDEWAL)
CHAKEI-WARDAK
SAYYIDABAD
MAIDAN SHAR
JAGHATU
JALEUZ
DAI MIRDAD
NERKH
TOTAL
ESTlMATE OF AGRICULTURAL POPULATION AND AREA UNDER CULTIVATION
Villages Agricultural
Population
Landlords Lands under Cultivation in Jaribs
Irrigated Non-Irrig. Total
Lands under Cultivation in Hectares
Irrigated Non-Irrig. Total
MARKAZI-BEHSUD
BEHSUD 2
(GARDANDEWAL)
CHAKE-I-WARDAK
SAY Y IDABAD
MAIDAN SHAR
JAGHATU
JALRlZ
DAI MIRDAD
NERKH
TOTAL
STATISTICAL ESTlMATE OF LIVESTOCK BY WOLESWALIS AND ALAKADARIS
Sheep
68,990
112,500
2,430
4,330
1,800
3,560
4,320
5,570
3,850
207,350
Karakul Goats
Sheep
Cattle
10,600
24,780
3,290
7,360
1,870
3,210
3,360
2,060
3,390
59,920
Buffaloes Camels Horses Donkeys Mules Poultry
MARKAZI-BEHSUD
BEHSUD 2
(GARDANDEWAL)
CHAKE-I-WARDAK
SAY Y IDABAD
W D A N SHAR
JAGHATU
JALRIZ
DAI MIRDAD
NERKH
TOTAL
Irrigated
PRODUCTION OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS-IN KABUL1 SEERS
Grains
Non-Img. Total Vegetables
Other Crops
I ndustrid Other Temp.
Crops Crops
Fruits
MhRKAZ-I-BEHSUD
BEHSUD 2
(GARDANDEWAL)
CHAKEI-WAIRDAK
SAYYIDABAD
MAlDAN SHAR
J AGHATU
JALRlZ
DM MRDAD
NERKH
TOTAL
Canals
LAND UNDER IRRIGATION AND SOURCES OF IRRIGATION
Area in Jaribs
Springs Karez Wells Total Canals
Number of Sources
Springs Karez Wells Water Mills
TOTAL CULTIVABLE LAND, BY CROPS-LN KABUL1 JARIBS
Grains
Irrigated Non-Irrig.
MARKAZI-BEHSUD 17,780 -
BEHSUD 2
(GARDANDEWAL) 45,700 2,6 90
CHAKEI-WARDAK 6,240 -
SAYYIDABAD 8,120 1,670
MAIDAN SHAR 5,090 -
JAGHATU 6,260 -
JALRlZ 4,840 -
DAI MIRDAD 4,370 -
NERKH
13,500 140
TOTAL 11 1,900 4,500
Total Vegetables Industrial
Crops
Other
Crops
Fruits Total
Cultivated
Land
MARKATZI-BEHSUD
BEHSUD 2
(GARDANDEWAL)
CHAKE-I-WARDAK
SAYY IDABAD
MAIDAN SHAR
JAG HATU
JALRIZ
DM MlRDAD
NERKH
TOTAL
TOTAL CULTIVABLE LANDS-IN KABUL1 JARIBS
Pastures Forests Under
Cultivation
Fallow
Lands
A pecul i ar ki nd of gr ai n cal l ed "bakul i " g r o ws i n abundance, whi ch
resembl es t h e Arabian hor se- bean, and when c r u s h e d makes e x c e l l e n t
food f or hor s e s . The a ve r a ge el evat i on of t h e i nha bi t e d por t i on of
t h e d i s t r i c t may be t a k e n a t 7, 500 f e e t . The i nha bi t a nt s a r e c h i e f -
l y Umar Khel Ghi l zai s. A t t h e e a s t e r n e nd of t h e Maidan val l ey
pr oper , whe r e it is ve r y nar r ow and w e l l c a l c ul a t e d f o r d e f e n c e , is
an old f o r t , cal l ed Sar-i-Sanga. Hough t h o u g h t t h i s t h e s t r o n g e s t
ground bet ween Ghazni and Kabul, t h e h e i g h t s a f f o r d i n g a mos t com-
manding pos i t i on, whi l e t h e gr ound t o t h e r e a r is not good f o r
cavalry. However, a column advanci ng by t h e r i g h t coul d g e t i n t h e
rear of t h e pos i t i on and t h e n a s c e nd t h e hi l l s . Her e on t h e 1 6 t h
Sept ember 1842 Gener al Not t d e f e a t e d Shams-ud-din Khan, who wi t h a
f or c e of 12, 000 had t a ke n up a s u c c e s s i o n of s t r o n g mountain posi -
t i ons t o i n t e r c e p t h i s march on Kabul.
TO t h e s out h o f t h e main val l ey is a s m a l l br anch val l ey known a s
Nirkh. I t is e n t e r e d from t h e e a s t , and is s ur r ounde d by hi l l s on
its ot he r s i d e s . I t was vi s i t e d by our t r o o p s i n 1879, and some of
its vi l l ages were d e s t r o y e d .
During t h e Af g han campaign of 1879-80, t h e Maidanis were conspi cuous
f or t h e i r hos t i l i t y t o t h e Br i t i s h, and Muhammad Jan was a bl e t o
r ai se a l a r g e c o n t i n g e n t from amongs t t h e i nha bi t a nt s , when h e
advanced t o Sh e r p u r i n December of t h e f or mer year. (Masson, Hough,
Havelock, Moor cr of t , Campbel l , I.B.C.)
"Maidan c ont a i ns a bout 9,000 h o u s e s oc c upi e d by t h e f ol l owi ng sec-
t i o n s o f t h e Gh i l z a i t r i b e , o f wh i c h t h e Umar Khe l s e c t i o n
predominate:
"Amar Khel , I s ma i l Khe l , I br a hi m Khe l , Pi a r u Khel , Pa i nda Khe l ,
Chi nzai s, Rustam Khel, Ismai l Khel. The r e a r e a l s o t h r e e Tajik
v i l l a g e s i n t h e d i s t r i c t o f Ma i da n, vi z . , Z a l r e d , Ta k a n a ,
Sarichasma, cont ai ni ng in a l l about 1, 000 f ami l i es. The r e ve nue o f
Maidan amount s t o t wo l a k h s of Kabuli r upees . " (Molloy.)
The Kabul-Bamian r oa d, vi a t h e Unai pa s s , t r a v e r s e s Maidan from e a s t
t o west. I t is pr a c t i c a bl e f o r all ar ms, but would r e q u i r e some work
on it be f or e i t is f i t f o r wheel ed t r a f f i c . The Kabul-Ghazni r o u t e
Pas s es t h r o u g h from nor t h t o s out h. I t was t r a ve r s e d in 1880 by
heavy ar t i l er y. Faiz Muhammad, ne phe w o f Gener al Ghulam Hai dar
Khan, is Hakim o f Maidan a t t h e p r e s e n t t i m e . (I.B.C.)
The name Maidan is a l s o a ppl i e d t o t h e Kabul r i ve r val l ey from Kot-
1-Ashru down t o t h e head of t h e Lal andar gor ge . (Wanliss.)
*MAIDAN 3\49
34-42 70-14 G. A vi l l a ge about 4 miles n o r t h e a s t of Ti r gar i i n
Lag hman pr ovi nce.
MAI DAN- I - KHUNI &+'+
Elevation 11, 830 f e e t . A hal t i ng pl ace i n t h e Kaoshan gl e n, 17 1/2
miles above its j unct i on wi t h t h e Ghor band val l ey, on t h e r oad
l eadi ng over t h e Kaoshan p a s s i n t o t h e ~ h i n j a n val l ey. The r e 1s no
vi l l age a t Mai dan- i - ~huni ; it is si mpl y a smal l pl at eau be t we e n t h e
road and t h e st r eam. The r e is room f o r a br i ga de t o bi vouac he r e ,
with a good and abundant wat er - suppl y; f u e l pr obabl y s u f f i c i e n t f o r
cooki ng pur pos e s ; s u p p l i e s avai l abl e in s m a l l qua nt i t i e s from l owe r
down t h e gl en. The pl ace is s ai d t o have de r i ve d its name from t h e
f a c t of a de t a c hme nt of t r o o p s havi ng onc e p e r i s h e d h e r e i n a snow-
storm.
One mile above Mai dan- i - ~huni t h e Kaoshan gl e n is j oi ned from t h e
nor t h west by t h e Chagal awez gl en. (I.B.C.)
MAI DAN- I - PAI KOTAL &$A ir(+
34- 67-. El e va t i on 10, 200 f e e t . Th e name l o c a l l y a p p l i e d t o a
hal t i ng pl ace on t h e main Kabul-Hazarajat-Daulat Yar road, 101 114
miles from Kabul and 130 1/4 m i l e s from Daulat Yar.
*MAIDAN SHAHR 4 6'4-
34-27 68-48.
Maidan Sha hr is a wol eswal i i n Maidan (Wardak) prov-
i nce. The ~ 0 l e s w a l i c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 351 s qua r e kilometers and
ha s an a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on t h a t ha s been est i mat ed a t f r om 6,708
t 14, 057. The wol eswal i is bounded i n t h e west and nort hwest by
J a l r i z , i n t h e n o r t h a nd e a s t by Paghman, and i n t h e sout h by
Muhamad Ag ha and Nerk h.
Maidan Sha hr i nc l ude s 110 vi l l ages. The vi l l ages a r e l i s t ed in the
PG a s f ol l ows: Pi yar o Khel , Qala-i-Abd u l Ras h i d , Qala-i-Ismail,
Bel al K h el , Qal a-i -Si ka nd er, Qal a-i -Abul Wadud, Qala-i-Lalo Khel,
Mohammad K h el, Qala-i-Abd u l Aziz, Jani K h el, Ibrahim Khel, ~al a-i -
Farzai l , Qala-i-Yar Moh d, Mashi Khel, Gul Ahmad Khel, Qala-i-Kashrni-
r i , Qala-i-Haji Mohd. Akbar, Qala-i-Ak hund zada, Qala-i-Abdul Wadud,
Qala-i-Mo hammad Rahi m, Qala-i-Mo h d . Osman, Qala-i-Malik, ~al a-i -
Ziyarat, Qala-i-Mo hammad Omar, Qala-i-Mo hammad Ayub, Qala-i-Ahmad
J a n, Qala-i-Ak hund z a da , Qala-i-C h i n zai , Qala-i-Nazar Khel, Qala-i-
Bahad ur , Qala-i-Dela war, Khudaye Nur, Shi r i ndel , Qarya-i-Deh A g han-
a n, Qal a- i - Zai nul abeddi n, Qala-i-Kuhna, Qal a- i - Shahbaz, Qala-i-
Mohamad Si d d i q, Qala-i-Deh Af g hanan, Qala-i-Malik Mohd. Hashim,
Qala-i-Koc h i ha , Qar ya- i - Zebdag h , Qala-i-Sayed A l e m, Nahr-i-Folad,
Qala-i-Pahlawan, Qala-i-Malik Nur Mohd., Qala-i-Ghulam Jan, Qala-i-
Lashkar , Rustam Khel wa Char ka, Qarya-i-Nayeb Qubad, Qala-i-Ashrat,
Wala-i-Taslim, Qala-i-Abd u l , ~ a l a - i - Nu r Khan Khe?, Qala-i-Osman,
Qala-i-Abd u l J a l i l , Qala-i- Haj i K ha ng ul , Qala-i-S ha h ba z, Qala-i-
Ak hund Khel, Qala-i-Kota-i-Ashro Khel, Qala-i-Mulla Khel, Mami Khel,
Landi Khel, Maro Khel, Sangar ~he l - i - Cha r ka , Qala-i-Laghmani Kharu-
ti, Qala-i-Mohmand, Qala-i-Omara Khan, Qawm-i-Ido Khel, Kuhna Khu-
mar, Qarya-i-Abdul Jabar, Ganda, ~al a- i - Bur j , ~ara-i-Alimi , Qala-i-
Ku hna, Qala-i-Gul Mu hd. Qala-i-Fateh, ~al a-i -Ahangaran, ~ala-i-Nau,
Qarya-i-Amar Khel, Qarya-i-G hulam Haidar, Qarya-i-Ak hund zada, adi in
Khel, Qala-i-Mohammad Hashim, Qala-i-K han S h i r i n , ~ala-i-Mauls wit
Qal a- i - Sayyi d G hul am, Qa l a - i - ~a s u z a i , Qal a- i - wel ayat , ~ u s r a q - i -
C har a ka, Char Qala, Qala-i-Kare z, ~al a- i - N oman-i-Nur K hel, ~al a- i -
Nau, Qala-i-Sher Khan, Qala-i-Khwaja khe l , ~al a- i - Abdul ~ a k i m, ~a l a -
i-Negan, Qala-i-Bazi, ~a r ya - i - Ahma d Khan, Ker ~ o r i ~ h e l , Qala-i-
Mi r akai , Qala-i-Haji Mus hko, ~ a l a - i - ~ i y a h pi t a b, ~a l a - i - ~~ha mma d
Sarwar, Qala-i-Asad Khan, and Awal Khel.
MAIMAI dbL
A s e t t l e me nt of t h e Qaraqul-dag hi s e c t i on of Sehpai Dai Zangi Ham-
r a s .
MAIMAI, AB-I See UJARISTAN
MA JAB
ub
A dar a dr ai ni ng
nor t he a s t t h r o u g h t h e Dai Mirdad di s t r i c t to the
Logar r i ver .
MAJARIN
*'+
A term a ppl i e d in Af ghani s t an t o r e f u g e e s who have s e t t l e d in the
count r y. (Peart. ) The pr ope r s pe l l i ng is Muhajirin. ( LWA)
MAJIL
A vi l l age in t h e Al i shang val l ey,
88 miles from ~a l a l a ba d, 0" t h e
road t o Paraj ghan. I t cont ai ns 300 hous e s of "Pashais." ( ~ e e c h * )
MAKANAK
A s e c t i on of t h e Pol ada Hazar as.
MAKHBIL See MUKHBIL 3-.5
'MAKHDUM
r>
34-8 68-31 m. A vi l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e Dara-i-Jelga i n t h e Chak-i-
Wardak ar ea of Maidan pr ovi nce.
MAKNI See PANJSHIR
MAKSUD
A subsect i on of t h e Besud Hazaras.
MAKU
One of t h e pr i nc i pa l mount ai ns i n t h e r a nge t o t h e w e s t o f Ghazni .
(Mastings. )
34-54 68-39 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Ghor band,
about 2 miles s o u t h of Sur kho Par sa i n Parwan pr ovi nce.
MALAZAI &%
35-6 69-22 G. A vi l l a ge i n t h e u p p e r Panj s hi r gl en, on t h e r i g h t
bank of t h e st r eam, hal f a m i l e bel ow Anaba, cont ai ni ng t we n t y
housed of Taj i ks. Here t h e r oad down t h e gl e n t u r n s t o t h e l e f t t o
c r os s t h e st r eam, on t h e f a r t h e r s i d e of whi ch it a s c e n d s t h e
Gardan Chatha--See "Firaj."
In Oct ober 1886 t h e s t r eam a t t h i s poi nt was 60 y a r d s wi de and 2
f e e t d e e p , wi t h a s t ony, b u t not r oc ky, bot t om. The ba nks a r e l ow
and easy, and a r t i l l e r y coul d c r o s s wi t hout d i f f i c u l t y . ( Shahzada
Ta imus . )
MALI KDAN 3
\dL
A hal t i ng pl ace in t h e Shaki n Algad i n Birmal, on t h e r oad form
Shaki n t o Urgun and a bout t e n miles from t h e f or mer . The r e is
(1896) a t empor ar y vi l l age of about 20 Sai f al i h o u s e s he r e . Fuel ,
water and gr azi ng a r e obt ai nabl e h e r e b u t t h e r e is no cul t i vat i on.
( I .B.C.)
L,J dl.
MALIK DOST
A f o r t i n t h e Cha r de h val l ey of Kabul, i nc l ude d in t h e t o wn s h i p o f
Allah-ud-din. I nhabi t ant s : Gadi Hazaras; 50 hous e s , 4 t owe r s .
( I .B.C.)
'MALIK KHEL &-dl.
34-11 68-41 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a st r eam 2 miles nor t h of Langar
and west of t h e Ghazni-Kabul r oad in Maidan pr ovi nce. Ot her pl a c e s
wi t h t h i s name a r e l oc a t e d a f e w miles e a s t of ~ o l a n g a r i n t h e
Zarghun Sha hr ar ea i n Logar pr ovi nce, 34-6 69-9 m.; on t h e ~ h a z n i -
Kabul hi ghway, about 30 miles n o r t h e a s t o f Ghazni , a t 33-55 68-40
m.; s o u t h e a s t of Mukur i n Ghazni pr ovi nce, a t 32-48 67-49 m.; near
Jani khel i n Ghazni pr ovi nce, a t 32-46 68-25 m.
mLIK MIANDAD
Jai ) \ 4. A
A f o r t in t h e Mangal count r y. I t c ont a i ns 30 hous e s , and can t ur n
out 100 f i g h t i n g men. The r e is cont i nual l y r ai n in t h i s pl ace.
(Ag ha Abbas.)
*MALIMA
4
35-19 69-38 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a t r i but ar y of t h e Panjshir,
s o u t h e a s t of Astana i n (Kapisa) Parwan pr ovi nce.
MALI STAN &I.
33-18 67-10 A. Malistan is a wol eswal i i n Ghazni province. ~h~
wol eswal i C O ~ ~ K ~ S ~ S an ar ea of 1, 930 s qua r e ki l omet er s and has an
a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on t h a t has been es t i mat ed a t from 20,226 to
47,166. The wol eswal i is bounded in t h e e a s t by Jaghor i , in t h e
nor t h by Nawar, i n t h e w e s t by Aj r est an and Oruzgan, and i n the
s out h by Dai Chupan. Malistan ha s about 141 vi l l ages, of which
about 21 have more t ha n 500 i nhabi t ant s . The vi l l ages ar e listed in
t h e PG a s f 0110 w s: Julga-i-Malang, Si yah Khak, Nahor-i-Qozi, Qaj-
naght u, Mala Kasha, Shoghl a, Khar Qol, Kekak, Maidan, Jasha, Shins
Ghor j ak, Siyah Qol, Moradina, Qol Adam, Mulki, Abdana, Pul-i-~aji
Bashi r , Godal, Qarya-i-Kamarak, Bocha, Siyah Shaghal (Siyah Sha-
g hai ) , Madar Qol , Kor Sang (Kalo-Sang), Charshanba, Kosh Dad (Mun-
d u k ) , Sang Roz Wa Khosh Roz (Komov Mazur), Baloghu, Surkh Joye,
Khordak Zayedah, Qaf zai , Hasan Baluch, Bad Ulum, Nau Deh, Sabzak,
Ulum-i-Benaf s ha n ( Bel qi shan) , Kundali, Siyah Khasha, La1 Chak-i-
Mulki, Alqublan, Bughr a, Ghai ghant u, Muridi, Jambud, Pul-i-Pain,
Shi na Deh, Shi na Ya Pushta-Khana, Balagha, Nezar, Sabz Darah, Shatu,
Sok hta-i-Sabz Darah, Bacha Lal, Ghar Sang, Dahba, Kohna Deh, Miyan
GuI , Moye Tu, Monda Dar akht , Ol i , Takr ak, Seh Paye, Chehel Baghtu,
Qarya-i-Sar Na wah, Qarya-i-Miyana, Madak, Qul di Ulya Jaka ( Awl y-
Pas hi ) , Qandi Jaka (Tala-Qandi), D e wana Bulag h, Kalani Zaida, Kalan-
ti Kamri, Konda Bed, Jow Shu, Mushyana Khana, Ahan Kushta, Sadak
( Zar dak) , Tughl u, Nurak, Aspa, Wardah Malang, Sang Darah, Shaghal
Dara, Nasi ( Ba s hi ) , Khar Bed Ba s hi , Rubat Bas hi , Qol-i-Khoshi,
Lag har Joye, Kosha, Qol-i-Yahya, Talk hak, Mobad, Naizar, Suka, Day-
zi , Ghai ghant u, Paye Jul ga, Jana (Jaka Pashi ) , ~ h o s h h a l , Gul Koh,
Reg Joy-i-Nawah, Dahan Dawrah, Nawah Jul ga, Shah Tapa, Qalak, Shab
Bakhair-i-Nawah Jul ga, Archa, Aye Barka, Siyah Sang, Qarya-i-Haji,
Shabar , Godal-i-Mir Ahmad, Sham Qol, Nawah J el ga s hel a, Sher ~ a g h
(Jani Sher-Dagh), Gul Koh, Yar Say, Ghulam Haji (Ghulam Ji), Jorah,
Jakmat ur , Bocha, Kamarak, Jawzi , Qarya-i-Tamta, Qab Joye, Qab Joye-
i -Ul ya, Qab J oy- i - Pus ht a , J a n g a l , ~ a d u , Ol i gak, ~ i g a i , Sar Bed,
Dadi , Zangar , Dai Bara ka, Qarya-i-Dala (Saya-Khana), Q O ~ U ~ h c h i ~
G hamquli-i-Mir Ahmad (Qarya-i-Mir Ahmad), ~ a g har-i-Mir ~h ma d , and
G hai g hantu-i-Mir Ahmad.
MALLIZAI
4s
32-47 68-32 G. A main di vi s i on of t h e Nasi rs. Also a village with
t h i s name. ( LWA)
MALU KHEL
&A
A vi l l age on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Karaia r i ver , in t h e Jaji country
bet ween Zabar dast Kala and A l i Khel. (Lumsden.)
MAMA
LL
33-31 67-57 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed on t h e ~ol - i - s ur kha b and east of
t h e Dasht-i-Nawar i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
MAMAGUL KHWAR
,l+LbLL
34-43 70-42 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed nor t he a s t of t h e ~ara-i-Nur and
nor t h of t h e Kunar r i ve r i n Kunar pr ovi nce.
MAMAKA
A s e c t i on of t he Dai Kundi Hazaras.
MAMA KALA
&LL
A f o r t i n t h e Wazi khwah d i s t r i c t of t h e Ghi l zai c ount r y, on a road
from t h e Kundar t o Kandahar, 12 m i l e s from Khan Tar aki , and some 32
miles from Mukur. The f o r t c ont a i ns s t a b l e s and l i n e s f o r a h o r s e
and f o o t gar r i s on, and h a s t wo s h o p s and t wo w e l l s i ns i de . I t h a s
t h r e e gat eways , and o u t s i d e is a kar ez. ( Br oadf oot . )
MAMA KHATUN
"+LLL
34-42 69-8 G. A p a s s ove r t h e r a nge of hi l l s s e pa r a t i ng t h e Kabul
plain from t h e Koh Daman. It is c r o s s e d by a r oad l e a di ng from
Kabul t o Ziarat-i-Shahid and t h e n c e t o Char i kar its summi t bei ng
r eached a t a bout 1 8 m i l e s f r om Kabul. It is d i f f i c u l t , t h o u g h pr ac-
t i cabl e, f o r mule t r a ns por t . (Masson, I.B.C.)
MAMA KHEL
JrLL
34-15 69-59 A. A vi l l a ge in t h e Khugi ani c ount r y, f i v e m i l e s s o u t h
of Gandamak, s i t ua t e d on t h e Nian Rud. The d i f f e r e n t haml et s
composi ng t h i s vi l l age can f u r n i s h a bout 600 f i g h t i n g men. The
neig hbourhood abounds i n f r u i t t r e e s amid vi neyar ds .
Thi s pl ace was oc c upi e d by a de t a c hme nt o f i r r e gul a r s unde r Capt ai n
Gerard i n December 1841. On t h e r ebel l i on h e was o r d e r e d t o evac-
uat e and retire on Jal al abad. Thi s o r d e r was c a r r i e d o u t wi t h g r e a t
di f f i c ul t y, owi ng t o t h e bad c o n d u c t of t h e Khai bari auxi l i ar i es .
But Li eut enant Cunni ngham, of t h e Engi neer s , b e f o r e r e t i r i n g , wi t h
gr eat gal ant r y, managed t o blow up t wo ba s t i ons o f t h e f o r t . The
l os s of t h e pa r t y on t h i s occas i on was 38 ki l l e d and 41 wounded.
Li eut enant Dawson, of t h e J a z a i l c hi s and t h e Nat i ve Commandant,
Haidar A l i Khan, behaved e x c e e d i n g l y w e l l on t h i s occas i on, a s di d
Risaldar J awahi r Si ng of t h e Sha h' s 2nd Cavalry.
On t h e occas i on of Gener al Pol l ock' s a dva nc e on Kabul, h e was m e t
her e by t h e enemy unde r Haji A l i and Khai rul l a Khan, on t h e 23r d
August 1842, whom h e d e f e a t e d wi t h some l o s s , s us t a i ni ng a l o s s
himself of s e ve n ki l l ed and 49 wounded. The f o r t a n3 vi l l a ge o f
Mama Khel were t he n burnt.
With Mama Khel is c oupl e d f o r r e ve nue p u r p o s e s t h e vi l l age of
Manuzai; The i nha bi t a nt s o f b o t h a r e She r z a d Khugi ani s. ( Ger ar d,
P O ~ ~ O C k, I.B.C.)
M.AMA KHEL &LL
A vi l l age near ( b e b w ?) t h e j unct i on of t h e Hariob and Hazar dar akht
st r eams, on t h e r i g h t bank and c l o s e t o t h e r i ver . The i nha bi t a nt s
ar e Ahmad Khel J a j i s . ( St ewar t . )
MAMA KHEL A L L
34-26 70-49 G. A vi l l a ge in t h e Kama di vi s i on o f t h e Jal al abad
di s t r i c t , about midway be t we e n Bazid Khel, and Mayar-i-Akbar Khan.
I nhabi t ant s: Mohmand s and Wardaks. (Jen kyns.)
MAMAKI See MAMUKA
MAM I
A pa s s in Kaf i r i st an, l e a di ng from t h e Upper Pech t o t h e Upper
Bashgul .
W O GHANDI u Ap L
33-42 69-45 G. A vi l l a ge in t h e Chakmani val l ey, bel ongi ng t o t h e
Gabar Mangals. (I.B.c.)
MAMOZAI &L
33-30 69-8 A.
A vi l l age about t h r e e miles beyond t h e ~ i r z a k a i Kotal
on t h e r oad from Kurram t o Gar dez. (1.B.C.)
*MAMRAI
rlr
33-32 69-10 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e Ga r de z r i ve r , some seven mi l es
s out h west of Gardez.
MRMUKA Or MAMAKI ( AL) &
34-27 68-44 m. Two Ghi l zai vi l l a ge s on t h e l e f t bank of t he Kabul
r i ve r , a bout s i x miles bel ow J al r ez. The name Mamuka is also ap-
pl i e d t o t h e val l ey o f t h e Kabul r i ve r i n t h i s nei ghbour hood.
*MAMUNA &P
33-9 69-31 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Tangai,
a b o u t 6 miles s o u t h o f Spe r a i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
MAMUNDA \&A
34-42 71-6 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d near t h e Paki s t an bor der , about 8
miles s o u t h of Sa r ka ni i n Kunar pr ovi nce.
*MAMURKHEL &*L
32-47 68-28 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d e a s t of J a n i k h e l and sout h of
Khai r Kot i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
* MANA &a
34-1 69-35 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d near Jab-i-Kalai, some t en miles
s o u t h of Azro i n Logar pr ovi nce. Anot her pl a c e wi t h t h i s name i s
l o c a t e d on a t r i b u t a r y o f t h e Tangai , a bout t h r e e miles sout h of
Spe r a i n Pakt i a pr ovi nc e , a t 33-8 69-31 rn. (LWA)
MANA I I +
34-5 69-17 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d s o u t h e a s t o f Zar ghunshahr in Logar
pr ovi nce.
MANANGUL J,jL
A s t r e a m dr a i ni ng s o u t h west t o t h e Upper Bashgul-see "Manjam."
*MANDAGAL KHOLEH
J&.L;)
35-28 71-17 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e Kantuz Rud, some 6 miles nort hwest
o f Urmul. Nearby is Mandagal Suf l a, a t 35-17 71-19 m.
MANDAL
JA
35- 71-. El evat i on 15, 300 f e e t . A d i f f i c u l t p a s s over t h e Hindu
Kush l e a di ng f r om t h e Ba s hgul val l ey t o Minjan in Badakshan. Minjan
t r a d e r s wi t h yabus heavi l y l a de n wi t h h i d e s and o t h e r merchandise
make l i g h t of t h i s pa s s , b u t it is r eal l y i mpr act i cabl e f or horses.
Approaching from Ahmad Diwana, al t i t ude 8,530 f e e t , t h e road crosses
t h e Ba s hgul s t r eam a t Imra' s s h r i n e , and k e e p s t o t h e l e f t bank.
I t
is e a s y, t h e a s c e n t bei ng ve r y gr adual . ~t f i v e m i l e s it passes a
l a k e t h r o u g h whi c h t h e r i ve r f l o ws s i l e nt l y. T WO miles f ur t he r on
t h e r e is an e x p a n s e of wat er of c ons i de r a bl e s i z e wher e t h e river,
b o r d e r e d by a f r i n g e of w i l l o w j ungl e, i ns i nua t e s i t s e l f among a
number o f t i n y l a ke s . A t 10, 250 f e e t wood c e a s e s , and f ue l mu s t be
c a r r i e d u p t o a "sangar " a t 11, 000 f e e t whe r e a smal l camp may be
f or med. Di s t ance from Ahmad Diwana e i g h t miles. Thence t h e road
(1st J une 1891) r an ove r t r a c k l e s s s now unt i l a t 7 1/2 miles t he
summi t of t h e p a s s was r e a c he d. The val l ey r u n s a t f i r s t nor t h and
s o u t h and t h e n it t u r n s to t h e l e f t , s o t h a t t h e p a s s i t s e l f looks
e a s t and w e s t . A t f i r s t t h e g r a d i e n t is e a s y f o r 1,500 f e e t , it
t h e n becomes more s e v e r e , b u t is nowhe r e of e xt r e me di ffi cul t Y
e x c e p t f o r t h e l a s t 400 f e e t , when t h e i nc l i ne is t h a t o f a house
r oof . Surgeon-Major Robe r t s on' s pa r t y s t a r t d a t 4 A.M. and t h e s un
was s hi ni ng s t r o n g l y a s t h e y r e a c he d t h e kni f e - e dge summit. The
snow consequent l y gave way a t ever y f oot s t ep. On t h e Minjan s i de of
t h e pa s s t h e r e is an e xt r e me l y s t e e p d e s c e n t f o r 500 f e e t , and it
c o n t i n u e s f a i r l y s e v e r e f o r t h r e e - q u a r t e r s o f a m i l e . I t t h e n
becomes e a s i e r bei ng a s u c c e s s i o n o f mor e or less l e v e l e x p a n s e s
with r a t he r s t e e p d e s c e n t s i nt e r ve ni ng. When t h e snow c e a s e s , a t
about 13, 000 f e e t , t h e t r a c k r u n s ove r boul de r s a t t h e e d g e o f t h e
stream ( t h e u p p e r Kokcha?) , whi ch h a s t o b e f r e q u e n t l y c r o s s e d and
r ecr os s ed. The val l ey is nar r ow and wi ndi ng, and i mpr act i cabl e f o r
hor ses. A t 14 1/2 m i l e s it br oa de ns o u t i n t o a wi de pl ai n c ove r e d
with willow and bi r c h j ungl e, el evat i on 11, 500 f e e t , whe r e a camp
may be f or med. Thi s pl ai n is c l o s e d i n, e x c e p t a t t h e u p p e r pa r t ,
where t h e narrow u p p e r val l ey be gi ns , and a t t h e l owe r e nd, whe r e
t h e numerous wat er c ha nne l s a r e c ol l e c t e d agai n i n t o one s t r eam and
flow round t h e e nd of a r ounde d hi l l ba r r i e r whi ch s t r e t c h e s a c r o s s
t h e plain. The r oad t h e n r u n s above and on t h e l e f t bank of t h e
r i ver , now become a t o r r e n t , and d e s c e n d s ove r boul de r s and r ough
ground t o t h e s t o n y f i e l d s s ur r oundi ng t h e haml et o f Pi p o r Pei p, 19
1/2 miles, o r 27 1/2 f r om Ahmad Diwana. ( Rober t son. )
MANDAWAR See MANDRAWAR 3'2 A
*MANDI
JA
34-22 67-6 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e Darazqol , s o u t h e a s t o f
Panjao in Bamian pr ovi nce.
MANDRAWAR Or MANDAWAR P'J A
34-33 70-13 A. One of t h e pr i nc i pa l vi l l a ge s i n Laghman, s i t u a t e d
on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Al i ngar-Al i shang r i ve r , f i v e m i l e s above
its j unct i on wi t h t h e Kabul. Mandrawar is compos ed of t h e f ol l owi ng
hamlets:
1.) Di pi
2. ) Kismishabad
3. ) Kala-i-Kazi
4. ) Kala-i-Khwaja Muhammad
5. ) AWul Rahim Khel
The popul at i on is al most e nt i r e l y Tajik. The r e is a l a r g e Hi ndu
t r adi ng community i n Mandrawar. Suppl i e s and wat er a r e p l e n t i f u l
her e, but a campi ng gr ound would be d i f f i c u l t t o f i nd owi ng t o t h e
e xt e ns i ve c ul t i va t i on and numer ous gr ave- yar d s.
Two r oa ds c r o s s a t Mandrawar, one goi ng from Jal al abad up t h e
Alishang val l ey and t h e o t h e r from Kala Asmatula Khan vi a Goudi t o
Nagalu. (Hold i c h , Warburt on, I.B.C.)
MANDU KHEL See LOHANI
MANDUL &A
A t r i be o f Si a hpos h ~ a f i r s who dwe l l in a por t i on o f t h e val l ey o f
Kanda-i-Nil. They f or mer l y d we l t in t h e Shamakat val l ey l yi ng t o
t h e west of Laghman and cont ai ni ng 14 s m a l l gl e ns , but t h e y were
dr i ven from t h i s l oc a t l i t y a s l a t e l y a s t h e r e i gn o f t h e Emper or
Jahangi r . (Ravert y. )
N.B. -- Thi s may be t h e same t r i b e a s Madugal.
MANDUZA I
The l a r g e s t s e c t i o n of t h e Shinwar is.
*MNDUZAI ;!j, A
33-18 69-47. Mandozai is an al aqadar i i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce. The
a l a qa da r i c o mp r i s e s an a r e a o f 112 s q u a r e ki l omet er s and has an
a gr i c ul t ur a l popul a t i on t h a t h a s be e n e s t i ma t e d a t from 24,970 to
27,180. The alaqadari is bounded in t h e w e s t and nort hwest by Nader
Shah Kot, i n t h e s o u t h by Tani, i n t h e s o u t h e a s t by Gurbuz, and in
t h e e a s t by Khost . Mondozai ha s a bout 36 vi l l ages , 23 of which have
mor e t h a n 500 i nha bi t a nt s . The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e P(; as
f o l l o ws : ~ e l f o r i ( De l p o r i ) , Khoz i Khe l , Omar Kalai (Omar G U ~ ) ,
p a s t i n a , Manbo Kal ai , Ge d a l Kal ai , Bar Khan Khel , Dadwal, Matts
Khan, Kabul Khel , Shams hi Khel, Ziray Ter k ha, Tsarbanai , Warza Lewan
Kh e l ( War za- Sun Khe l ) , Dr ay Kot i , Ch a n d a r Khe l ( Cha ndi Khel),
payendah Khel , Hasan Mo hamad, Dur Namay, Bahram Khel, Hasanzai,
Shaddal , Darwi Khel , A l i Wat, Degan Wa Mangal, Kacha Khel, Shabi
Khel , Sun-i-Sarakh (Tani-i-Sarakh), Musha Khana, Ali Khan Khel, Tur
Khel , Ar Khel , Khani Khel, Melani, Abdul Karim-i-Miran, Haidar Khel,
and Tar Khel.
MANGAL &
32-51 69-16 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d s o u t h of Pi r Koti and sout heast of
Urg un i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce. Anot he r vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is located
n o r t h of Kamdesh, Kunar pr ovi nc e , a t 35-29 71-18 G. (LWA.)
MANGAL &
34-8 69-43 A. A vi l l a ge t we l v e m i l e s form Bi l ut t owa r ds Hisarak. It
c ont a i ns 400 hous e s . I n h a b i t a n t s : G h i l z a i s . Wood and water
pl e nt i f ul ; s u p p l i e s pr ocur abl e. Th e r e are 30 kha s a da r s quartered
h e r e . (I.B.C.)
MANGAL &
A t r i b e whi c h i n h a b i t s t h e s o u t h e r n and u p p e r por t i on of t h e Kurram
v a l l e y , a nd a l s o p a r t o f Zur mat . t h e i r p r i n c i p a l d i v i s i o n s are
Miran Khel , Khaj ur i , Gabar, Marghai , and Kamal Khel. Of t he s e t he
Miran Khel is t h e most p o we r f u l and t h e i r c h i e f is head of t h e whole
t r i be . Thi s cl an h a s pr ovi de d t h e p r e s e n t A m i r and hi s sons with
t h r e e wi ves. The Mangals a r e s ai d t o p o s s e s s 250 f o r t s and 500 black
t e n t s , and can mus t e r 8, 000 men.
Th e Mangals a r e s ai d t o be ve r y t h i e v i s h i n t h e i r pr opensi t i es;
t h e y hol d a t o we r on t h e Pai war Kotal, whe nc e t h e y l evy a tax on al l
t r a v e l l e r s f r e q u e n t i n g t h e r out e , r obbi ng t h e unpr ot e c t e d and s k u l k -
i ng f r om t h e s t r o n g ; a c t i ng a s g u i d e s , and e xa c t i ng safe-conduct
money f r om Tur i s pr oc e e di ng t o Logar or t h e Kabul valley.
I n Apr i l 1858, Muhammad Azim f o r t h e f i r s t t i m e f o r t went y years
c o l l e c t e d t h e r e ve nue o f Chakmani. H e was s t r o n g l y oppos ed, and
l o s t a number of men i n doi ng so. It seems t h e y paid t he i r revenue
s h o r t l y a f t e r t h e a r r i va l of t h e t r o o p s wi t h l i t t l e demur; but
bei ng dr i ve n t o d e s p e r a t i o n by t h e a c t s of t h e Ag han sol di er y, they
f o u g h t f o r t h e honour of t h e i r c hi l dr e n.
The a c c ount gi ve n by Agha Abbas a g r e e s i n many par t i cul ar s with t he
a bove a c c ount , b u t h e d o e s n o t s a y a nyt hi ng o f t h e Mangals i n Zur-
mat, whi c h a c c o u n t s f o r h i s s m a l l e s t i ma t e of t h e i r s t r e n g t h , vizor
3, 000.
Th i s t r i b e c a us e d a good d e a l of a n x i e t y on t h e Kurram l i ne during
t h e Af ghan war of 1878-80, and f r om t i m e t o t i m e annoyed t h e post s
and at t acked convoys. On t h e 13t h of December 1878 t h e rear guard of
a column unde r Si r Fr e de r i c k Rober t s , e xpl or i ng t h e count r y towards
Kurram from A l i Khel vi a t h e Sa pr i pa s s , was a t t a c ke d and s uf f er ed
some l o s s , i nc l udi ng one Br i t i s h o f f i c e r ( Capt ai n Goad) mortally
wounded;
but t h e Mangals were soon dri ven back and lost many men*
The t r i b e a p p e a r t o b e pe r pe t ua l l y i n a state of r ebel l i on against
t h e Af ghan Gover nor s o f Khoet and Hariob, whos e aut hor i t y they
r e c o g n i s e onl y t o a ve r y eman e x t e n t .
From t i m e t o time large
numbers o f t h e m mi g r a t e i n t o Br i t i s h t e r r i t o r y t o e s c a p e f r om t h e
o p p r e s s i o n of t h e i r Af g h a n r u l e r s . ( Lums den, Ag ha Abbas, Donal d,
I .B.C.
*MANGAL KHEL CHINA *& &
33-28 69-11 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d b e t we e n Zurmat a nd Ga r d e z i n
pakt i a pr ovi nc e .
MANGAL MANZIL &LbY
34- 69-. A p l a c e on a s el dom- us ed r o u t e b e t we e n Tut u, i n t h e
~ h u g i a n i c o u n t r y , a n d A l i Khel , vi a Pet l a, Nar gas i , Sao, a nd a c r o s s
t h e Sur k ha b r i ve r . (I.B.C.)
*MANGARA TOY
Ll;j OJ &
32-45 69-1 m. A v i l l a s e l o c a t e d a b o u t 5 m i l e s s o u t h w e s t o f Sa r obi
in s o u t h e r n Pa kt i a pro; i nce.
MANGASAK TAGAO ,\Z; A&.
A d e e p r a vi ne d r a i n i n g d r a i n i n g n o r t h wa r d i n t o t h e Hel mand.
MANGASTURA ,,,A.
A val l ey on t h e n o r t h o f t h e S a f e d Koh r a n g e w e s t o f Mahmand, o r
Mahman, Dara. I t is e x c e e d i n g l y f e r t i l e , and r e a r s mo s t o f t h e
pomegr anat es i mp o r t e d i n t o Hind us t an. ( Moor cr of t . )
MANGIAR KHULA + A&-
An a f f l u e n t o f t h e Karaia s t r e a m, wh i c h it j o i n s a t Khar kai . Up
t h i s nal a a t r a c k l e a d s o v e r t h e S a p r i p a s s t o A l i Khel . (I.B.C.)
A vi l l age c a l l e d Mangi ar is i n Chamkani , Pa kt i a p r o v i n c e , a t 33-50
69-47 G. (LWA)
MANG I NA &
A vi l l a ge i n t h e Hi s ar ak val l ey, c o n t a i n i n g 300 h o u s e s o f Sh i n wa r i s .
(MacGregor . )
MANGROTAI See BIRMAL juZY
MANGU &
34-53 70-23 m. A c a n t o n me n t i n Laghman. Th e g a r r i s o n o f Mangu
c o n s i s t s ( 1906) o f o n e s q u a d r o n caval r y, t wo mount ai n g u n s , h u n d r e d
s a p p e r s and mi n e r s and t wo b a t t a l i o n s i n f a n t r y . I . B. C. Th e vi l -
l a ge is n o r t h e a s t of Al i ngar . (LWA)
MANGU KHEL &&
33-59 69-2 m. A v i l l a g e on t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e Logar r i v e r , 1 2
miles s o u t h o f t h e Tang Wag hj an. I n h a b i t a n t s : As t anazai Ghi l z a i s .
In 1880 Mangu Khel and its a d j o i n i n g v i l l a g e Fa t e h Khel c o n t a i n e d
one h u n d r e d f ami l i es . (Euan Smi t h, Cl i f f or d. )
~MANJ AKA
33-26 69-36 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d b e t we e n Khai r as pan and J a ni k h e l ,
n o r t h we s t o f Kh o s t i n Pa kt i a pr ovi nc e .
MAN JAM rLL
35- 71-. El evat i on 13, 450 f e e t . A p a s s i n Kaf i r i s t an, c r o s s e d by a
road l e a d i n g f r om t h e he a d o f t h e P i t t i g u l t o t h e Bas hgul . From t h e
vi l l age o f P i t t i g u l a l t i t u d e 5, 000 f e e t , t h e val l ey a s c e n d s , c u r v i n g
s l i g h t l y t o t h e n o r t h we s t . Sur geon- Maj or Ro b e r t s o n made t wo s h o r t
mar ches t o t h e f o o t of t h e p an jam, wh i c h was t h e n 1 1/2 o r 2 m i l e s
di st ant . The t h i r d day h e c r os s e d t h e pa s s and camped half-way down
t h e val l ey a t a "pshal " on a r a t h e r h i g h plain.
The f our t h day he
mar ched down t h e val l ey t o t h e poi nt wher e it f a l l s i nt o t he Manan-
g u l t or r e nt , c r o s s e d t h e l a t e r t o i t S r i g h t bank, and so on to
Bragarnatal. The t o t a l d i s t a n c e by road is probabl y not more than 24
miles, and is e a s y t hr oughout . (Robert son. )
MAN J AN
A v i l l a g e i n Laghman. I nha bi t a nt s : Kohi st ani s. (Warburton.)
d b
"MANJARKHEL &4
34-2 68-21 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d bet ween Mirzabek and Kot i n south-
e r n Maidan pr ovi nce.
MANJOR o r MANJADOR
J' .L*;.
35-26 69-40 m. A vi l l age on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Panjshir stream,
s i t ua t e d a t t h e mout h of t h e Manjahor Dara,
t wo miles above Bazarak,
and i nhabi t ed by 80 Tajik f ami l i es. ( Shahzada Waimus.) Recent maps
s how t h e s pe l l i ng Manjador. (LWA)
MAN JU J-+
A haml et i n t he Dai Zangi d i s t r i c t of Lal ; t e n houses.
MANJUNI i+
A vi l l age i n t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t , about f our miles sout hwest of
Bat i kot . I nhabi t ant s: Ti rai s. (Jenkyns. )
MANSUR KAREZ >J$ A+
32-32 67-49 G. A vi l l a ge in t h e Ghazni d i s t r i c t , 91 miles from
Ghazni , 205 m i l e s from Quet t a, on t h e s o u t h we s t cor ner of t h e Ab-i-
I s t a da h, bel ongi ng t o Taraki Ghi l zai s and c o n s i s t s of si x forts.
Water is pr ocur abl e from some a que duc t s . 1t is t h e f i r s t st age in
t h e c ount r y of t h e i n d e p e n d e n t Ghi l zai s from t h e nor t h. Here four
r oa ds meet, viz., from Mukur, Margha, Zurmat, and Katawaz. (Camp-
bel l , Outram, Broad foot . )
MANU
r
34-15 70-19 m. A vi l l age sai d t o be s i t ua t e d a t t h e head of the
val l ey nor t h of t h e Ba dpa kht pas s . (Young.) Ot her pl aces with t hi s
name are near Kamkai, s o u t h we s t of Alingar in Laghman province, a t
34-46 70-14 m., and on t h e Kunar r i ve r , nor t he a s t of Chakai, at 34-
44 70-55 m. (LWA.)
MANUGA I &
34-14 70-2 G. A vi l l age c l o s e t o Mama Khel, f i v e miles sout h of
Gandamak, and associ at ed with it f or revenue purposes.
I nhabi t ant s: She r z a d, Khug i ani s. ( Jen kyns.) Recent maps show the
s pe l l i ng Mankai a t 34-15 70-7 m. (LWA. )
*MANU KALA
% *L
34-39 69-54 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d nor t he a s t of Sarobi, near ~okha i ,
i n Kabul pr ovi nce.
MANU-0-MAHURA
.I
4 - l P
34-15 70-18 m. A vi l l age composed of t wo haml et s i n t h e chapriar
di vi s i on of t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t , a bout f our miles sout h of Hadia
Khel. Mahura s t a n d s on t h e r i g h t and Hanu on t h e l e f t bank of the
Ch a p r i a r s t r e a m. I n h a b i t a n t s : ~ h u g i a n i s a n d Sa hi bz a da s *
( ~ e n k ~ n s . )
N.B.--These pl a c e s a r e pr obabl y t h e same a s t h e Mano and MaOra
map.
MANUZAI See MAMAKHEL (1)
&, A
MANZ INA
34- 69-. A vi l l age i n Hi sar ak, Jal al abad, cont ai ni ng 300 h o u s e s of
shi nwar i s. (MacGregor.1 A pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 34-13
MAORA See MANU-0-MAHURA
MARAK
One of t he t e n d a s t a s o r s u b d i s t r i c t s of Besud.
MARA KHEL A
34- 69-. A vi l l a ge 55 m i l e s e a s t o f Kabul, on t h e r o u t e by t h e
Karkacha p a s s t o Jal al abad. (Thornt on. )
MARAN SAH
r L "lP
33- 69-. A s m a l l summer s h e l t e r f o r c a t t l e and he r ds me n, p a s s e d a t
t h e 5t h m i l e from Al i Khel t owa r ds t h e Paiwar pa s s . ( Col l et t . )
*MARAO KOT +$ 9 ' ~
32-39 69-14 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e Margha Rud, s o u t h e a s t o f
Sarobi in s o u t h e a s t e r n Pak tia pr ovi nce.
MARAWARA 'ASP
34-53 71-11 m. Nearly o p p o s i t e Chi g ha Sarai , i n t h e Kunar Val l ey,
is t h e l a r g e vi l l a ge o f Marawara a t t h e mout h o f t h e dar a o f t h a t
name, by whi ch a p a s s ( pr obabl y about 8, 000 or 9, 000 f e e t ) l e a d s t o
Bajaur. I t is i nha bi t e d by Mamunds, and from t h i s poi nt t o near
Asmar, on t h e l e f t bank of t h e r i ver , t h e Af gha ns have ve r y little
hold on t h e count r y. So much is t h i s t h e c a s e t h a t a g a t h e r i n g from
t h e s e vi l l a ge s f i r e d on an Af ghan e s c o r t whi l e t h e Boundar y Mi ssi on
was a t Nashagam. (Col dst ream. ) Anot her pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is
near J agdal ak, a t 34-29 69-45 G. (LWA)
*MARBULAQ j UP!
34-1 67-49 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e Daria-i-Sagan and s o u t h we s t
of t h e Band-i-Doab i n nor t he r n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
MARDKUSH $JP
34-40 66-52 G. A f o r t vi l l age a t t h e mout h of t h e Bakkak gl en; 20
hous es of Takana Hazaras. (Maitland .)
MARGH See ZAK
4P
MARGHA Or
32-47 69-20 m. A vi l l a ge in Birmal, w e s t o f Wazi ri st an. I t is a
s quar e walled vi l l age, cont ai ni ng a bout 300 hous es . I t is t h e
Pr i nci pal s e t t l e me nt in Birmal, and be l ongs t o t h e ~ a b u l ~ h e l Utman-
zai Waziris, pr i nci pal l y t h e Sai f al i and Pai pal i s e c t i ons . Water
good and p l e n t i f u l from s p r i n g s and st r eam. She e p, f owl s , at a, g h i ,
r i ce, etc., pl e nt i f ul . (McNair.)
Th i s p l a c e is a n i mp o r t a n t s t a g e on t h e r o u t e f r om Br i t i s h
t e r r i t or y t h r o u g h t h e Drwar val l ey t o ~ h a z n i . I t is 9 miles from
Urgon ( or Wargin a c c or di ng t o Wazi ri s). (McLean.) Anot her pl ace
wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 34-19 63-56 A. ( LWA. )
MARGHA UP
32-49 69-22 m. A st r eam in Birmal whi ch, j oi ni ng t h e ~ a s t o i a t D WO
Toi, f or ms t h e Tochi r i ver .
MARGHA
UP
33-2 69-13 m. A vi l l age about 65 m i l e s e a s t of Kalat-i-Ghazni,
s i t ua t e d i n a plain. I t ha s some cul t i vat i on, and wat er is procured
from s p r i n g s and karez. (Lumsden.1
MARGHA I
A d i v i s i o n of t he Mangal t r i b e .
'MARGHAKA I
&. P
32-8 68-10 m. A vi l l age near Jabbar Kalai and w e s t of Wazakhwa in
sout her n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
MARGH I d p
34-58 66-31 m. El evat i on 7,355 f e e t . A s m a l l vi l l age and f or t in
t h e west of t h e Yakh Walang d i s t r i c t , s i t ua t e d on a nala of t he same
name, whi ch comes from t h e s o u t h we s t and e n t e r s t h e Band-i-~mir
val l ey a t a poi nt some 45 miles (by r oad) below Firozbahar. Dahan-
i-Marghi and Nobala Margha t o g e t h e r cont ai n about 100 families,
c h i e f l y Hazaras. Nobala is Hazara f o r gl en, and Nobala Marg hi would
t h e r e f o r e a ppe a r t o mean t h e haml et s s c a t t e r e d about t h e Marghi
gl en, wh i l s t Dahan-i-Marghi is d o u b t l e s s t h e name of t h e village at
t h e mout h of t h e gl en. Maitland says:
"Marghi is a gl en, e nt e r i ng from t h e l e f t , a b r e s t of t h e village.
Beyond i t is a hi gh r oc ky s p u r , Koh-i-Marghi. The hi l l s on both
s i d e s of t h e val l ey a r e l o f t y , and most l y i naccessi bl e, or nearly
SO.
"Dahan-i-Marg hi is t h e r e s i d e n c e of Mehdi Beg, c hi e f of t h e Kham-i-
Aba d i s t r i c t , whi ch i nc l ude s Sabz Dara; t h e Alkanis pr oper boundary
bei ng t h e s p u r s o u t h e a s t of t h a t pl ace. Medhi Beg has now l i t t l e or
no a ut hor i t y. Last year (1884), or t h e year bef or e, he chose to
r e be l , but f i ndi ng t h a t t r o o p s would be s e n t a ga i ns t him, he fled to
Sar dar I sak Khan. The Sar dar wr ot e t o t h e A mi r t o g e t him o f f , On
t h e gr ound t h a t h e was an ol d s e r va nt of h i s f at her . The ~mi r
a c c or di ngl y f or ga ve him, b u t or de r e d t h a t e ve r y pl ace shoul d pay i t s
own r evenue d i r e c t t o t h e Governor of ~a mi a n , t h u s depr i vi ng ~ e h d i
Beg of h i s power and i nf l uence. I s houl d r a t h e r l i k e t o have seen
Mehdi Beg, b u t h e was sai d t o be away s hi kar i ng.
"Thi s is a g r e a t pl a c e f o r t h e manuf act ur e of Hazara car pet s , long
t h i n g s of s t a r i ng pa t t e r n and har s h t e xt ur e . They ar e valued at
Kabul f o r t h e i r weari ng qua l i t i e s , and would make good f l oor cl ot hs
f o r c o r r i d o r s and pa s s a ge s . The r e is a cer t ai n amount of t r ade done
in t h e s e c a r p e t s , kur z i ns of t h e same mat eri al , and numdahs; and as
w e l l a s in bar ak, ghi , s h e e p , etc." (Maitland.)
MARHEZ P P
34- 69-. A vi l l age in t h e Hisarak di vi s i on of t h e Jalalabad di s-
trict, about t wo miles s out h o f Yahiband. I nhabi t ant s Shinwaris.
( Jenkyns . )
MARIAM F"
34-40 70-11 G. A vi l l age in Laghman, on t h e l e f t bank of t he
Al i shang r i ve r , about 5 miles n o r t h we s t of Ti r gar hi . The following
is a List of t h e f o r t s and haml et s composi ng t h e place:
(1) Muhamnadpur
( 2 ) Kala-i-Mulla Afzal
( 3) Kala-i-Mir Badshah
( 4) Kala-i-Nasim
( 5) Rala-i-Suf i a n
( 6) Kala-i-Malik Lang
( 7) ~al a- i - Mul l ayan
(8) Banda-i-Malik Shuj a
(9) Malik Jan Muhammad
~n h a b i t a n t s : Dehgans. (Warburton. )
MAR I AZ jo,
34- 70-. A f o r t i n t h e Shi nwar i count r y, 1 5 miles from Jal al abad.
The appr0ac. h t o it f r om Jal al abad is o v e r ve r y br oke n and d i f f i c u l t
count r y wi t h f r e q u e n t a s c e n t s and d e s c e n t s . I t h a n g s ove r a nar r ow
valley on t h e r i g h t hand, whi ch is ge ne r a l l y unde r wat er from
i r r i gat i on of t h e rice c r o p s . I t was d e s t r o y e d on t h e 27t h Jul y
1842, by a p a r t y o f t h e 3 1 s t Re g i me n t , u n d e r Major S k i n n e r .
( St ocquel er . )
*MARID *
35-9 71-17 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d n o r t h we s t of Bargan on a t r i but a r y
of t h e Kunar.
*MARIGAT &P
33-17 68-44 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Rud-i-Julga-
i-Janubi, s o u t h e a s t of Sa r de h Band i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
MARISTAN See ISARAK i r k
MARKA
A subsect i on of t h e Yanghur c l a n of Dai Zangi Hazar as.
MARKADAM
A s e c t i on of t h e Khat ai Hazar as of t h e Bamian Di s t r i c t .
tJ9
MARKAND I 6 4
34- 71-. A vi l l age o f 40 h o u s e s on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Pech r i ve r ,
8 miles above Chi gha Sarai. Suppl i e s a r e pl e nt i f ul . (I.B.C.)
WRKHANA &Lj L
33-22 67-19 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d n o r t h e a s t of Lal chak near Bol agha
in Ghazni pr ovi nce. Anot her pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d s out h-
west of Ner kh i n Maidan pr ovi nce, a t 34-21 68-43 m.
MARKHANA &Lj L
34-20 67-31 G. A s m a l l vi l l age i n t h e w e s t o f t h e Besud count r y, on
t h e Kabul-Hazarajat-Daulat Yar main r oad. Rui ns wi t h t h i s name a r e
l ocat ed 34-24 67-35. (LWA.)
MARKHANA &L,L
34- 67-. The name given to t h e lower s t r e t c he s of t h e Khawas.
MARKHOL .b?&
33- 68-. A p a s s over t h e Gul koh r a nge from ~ h a z n i t o t h e val l ey of
Jarmatu. I t is one of s i x p a s s e s s ai d t o be all of t h e same na t ur e
a s t h e Gulbauri. ( Br oadf oot . ) Re c e nt maps s how t h e s pe l l i ng Marqul
a t 33-40 68-19 m. (LWA.)
MARK1 KHEL ~PJP
34-8 70-1 m. A vi l l age 7 miles s o u t h Gandamak, on t h e r i g h t bank of
t h e st r eam of t h e same name. The i nha bi t a nt s a r e She r z a d ~ h u g i a n i s .
The s ur r oundi ng c ount r y is w e l l c ul t i va t e d wi t h vi ne s and c e r e a l s .
A road t o Kurram p a s s e s t h r o u g h t h e vi l l age.
The Marki Khel st r eam ( whi ch is a l s o ve r y commonly known a s t h e
Hashim Khel , f r om t h e name of a vi l l a ge a f e w miles l ower down)
rises i n t h e s o u t h e r n s l o p e s of t h e Sa f e d K0h and
f a l l s i nt o t he
~ u r k h a b a bout 5 miles n o r t h of Gandamak.
Wher e c r os s e d by t he main
peshawar - Kabul r oad it is s pa nne d by a s t o n e and
wooden bridge,
b u i l t i n t h e t i m e of Dos t Muhammad.
Th i s b r i d g e was originally
c o n s t r u c t e d e n t i r e l y of masonr y, b u t t h e a r c h e s have si nce been
r e p a i r e d wi t h wood. It was f ound t o b e i n a ve r y r i c ke t t y condi-
t i on i n 1905, b u t t r a n s p o r t c a r t s c r o s s e d it i n s a f e t y; it is doubt-
f u l i f it would b e f i t f o r guns . The b r i d g e is 120 ya r ds long and
1 8 f e e t wi de; t h e s t r eam a t t h i s poi nt was f ound i n August t o be 9
f e e t wi de and 1 f o o t d e e p , f l owi ng i n a ve r y s t ony bed about 100
y a r d s a c r o s s wi t h b a n k s 1 0 f e e t hi gh.
(Malleson; Wanliss, I.B.C.)
MARKOH ~ J L
34-15 70-49 G. A hi l l s i t u a t e d w e s t of Basawal, s o cal l ed on ac-
c o u n t o f t h e number of s n a k e s f ound i n it. I t is t h e end of a spur
f r om t h e Sa f e d Koh whi c h r u n s down w e s t o f t h e Mahman Dara. (Mas-
s on. )
MARNU +P
34- 70-. A g l e n i n t h e Sa f e d Koh, s o u t h o f Balabagh, i nhabi t ed by
p a s t o r a l Af gha ns . (Masson.)
MARTAZA See MURTAZA j;r
*MARU
33-50 68-31 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d n o r t h e a s t of Jaghatu-i-Wardak and
w e s t o f t h e Ghazni-Kabul r oad i n Ghazni pr ovi nce. Another place
wi t h t h i s name is s o u t h o f t h e Shi nka i Ghar and nor t hwest of
Wazakhwa, a t 32-16 68-8 m.
MARWAR JP
35- 71-. A Madugal haml et o f 8 o r 1 0 h o u s e s h i g h up on t h e r i ght
bank o f t h e Ba s hgul s r i ve r , s e v e r a l h u n d r e d f e e t above t h e water,
and near t h e Kat i r haml et of Sunr u on t h e o p p o s i t e bank. (Robert-
son. )
MARWAT
GP
A s e c t i o n o f t h e Lohani s. A vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is in Hesarak at
34-16 69-47 G. (LWA)
MARZ OR VOMARZ
(>J 1 jr
35-22 69-38 A. A g r o u p of vi l l a ge s i n t h e u p p e r Panj shi r glen, 84
miles f r om Kabul, t o g e t h e r c ont a i ni ng 200 Tajik f ami l i es.
(Shahzada
Ta imus . )
2lhL
MARZAK
33-21 69-12 m. A vi l l a ge near Sh a h i k o t and s o u t h e a s t of Zurmat in
Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
MASHAKI ( or MUSHAKI )
&?
33-14 68-13 A. El evat i on 6, 900 f e e t . A c ol l e c t i on of vi l l ages on
t h e Kandahar-Ghazni r oad, 192-1/2 miles from t h e f or mer and 29 miles
from t h e l a t t e r . The l and is i r r i ga t e d from t wo kar ez and is fer-
tile.
The f ol l owi ng vi l l a ge s a r e i nc l ude d i n t h e Mashaki gr oup*
1. Khah Mashaki
2. Haj i Musa
3. Kala-i-Meri A l l i nhabi t ed by Andari s.
4. Akhund Khel
5. ~a l a - i - Mur c hi
6. Sayyid Musa I nha bi t e d by Sayyi ds.
7. ~ a l a - i - ~ u r a n i I nha bi t e d by Dur ani s.
On Si r Donald St e wa r t ' s r e a c h i n g t h i s p l a c e i n Apr i l 1880, al l t h e
vi l l ages were f o u n d d e s e r t e d , b u t s u p p l i e s were b r o u g h t i n t o h i s
camp by Hazaras .
The encampi ng gr ound is on an o p e n s a n d y pl ai n, a bout 1-1/2 m i l e s i n
l engt h. Water is a bunda nt and s u p p l i e s s h o u l d b e pr oc ur a bl e i n
l ar ge qua nt i t i e s ; f u e l , how e v e r , is s c a r c e .
A r oad f r om Qu e t t a j o i n s t h e Ka nda ha r - Gha z ni r o a d a t Ma s ha ki .
( Ga s e l e e , I.B.C.)
*MASHI KALAI J5kL
33-10 70-1 m. A v i l l a g e n o r t h o f Ghol amkhan Kalai and s o u t h o f
Sargal i i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
MASHU KHEL
&LL
34-21 68- 55 m. A v i l l a g e i n t h e Ta i t a mur v a l l e y , i n t h e Kabul
d i s t r i c t , on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Kabul r i ver . I t h a s a popul a t i on
of 20 f ami l i es of Sohak Ghi l zai s. (Combe.)
MASHURI w e
32-12 68-21 m. A f o r t i n t h e val l ey of Wazi khwah. ( Br oadf oot . )
MASHWANI J.+
34-46 69-6 G. A s m a l l wal l ed vi l l a ge on t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e Kabul
r i ver , about 9 miles w e s t of Basawal. I t lies some 300 y a r d s t o t h e
nor t h of t h e main r oad t o Jal al abad. I t c o n t a i n s 60 f ami l i es o f
Mashwanis, p o s s e s s i n g ( i n 1904) a bout 300 head o f c a t t l e , 500 s h e e p
and g o a t s and 50 b u f f a l o e s . The annual p r o d u c t i o n o f whe a t and
barley a v e r a g e s a b o u t 5, 500 I n d i a n maund s. ( Wanl i s s . ) An o t h e r
vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is t e n miles e a s t o f Miali Sa hi b a t 34-20 70-
43 G. (LWA.)
MASKA L-.
The l a r g e s t o f t h e s u b d i v i s i o n s o f t h e Ata cl an o f J a g h u r i Hazaras.
MASKANI &
33- 69-. A vi l l a ge o f t h e Mangal c ount r y, a t t h e head o f t h e Kurram
valley, and a b o u t 11 m i l e s f r om Paiwar. (Agha Abbas.)
MASTALI (v&-
34- 70-. A v i l l a g e in t h e Kama di vi s i on of t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t ,
a b o u t a m i l e n o r t h o f ~ e h - i - T a h i r . I n h a b i t a n t s : De h g a n s a n d
Hind k i s . ( Jenkyns. )
MASTI KHEL be
34-26 60-18 G. A v i l l a g e i n t h e Su r k h a b Di vi si on of t h e ~ a l a l a b a d
d i s t r i c t . I nhabi t ant s : G hi l zai s . ( Jenk yns.)
MASTOI or MASTI LGAD &--
32-53 69-26 A. A s t r eam whi ch d r a i n s e a s t and j oi ns t h e Margha a t
Dwa Toi, t h e t wo t h u s f or mi ng t h e Tochi r i ver . The l owe r p a r t o f
t h e Mast val l ey is nar r ow and d i f f i c u l t . From Dwa Toi a t r a c k r u n s
UP it f o r 5 miles t o Lag Kala, whe nc e it g o e s by a ve r y s t e e p and
d i f f i c u l t a s c e n t ove r t h e h i l l s t o t h e ope n gr ound cal l ed Lwara, a t
t h e head of t h e Kazha val l ey. From Lwara t h e r e is a r oad down t h e
Dangar Al gad, a b r a n c h o f t h e Mast oi , s t r i k i n g t h e l a t t e r near a
pai pal i v i l l a g e and t h e n g o i n g u p t h e s t r e a m t o Pi r Koti. Thi s is
s a i d t o b e e a s y f o r c a me l s t h r o u g h o u t a nd t o be t h e b e s t road from
t h e Dawar c o u n t r y t o t h e Pi r ~ o t i . (Dougl as. )
MATAH
1
35-27 69-45 A. A v i l l a g e i n t h e u p p e r Pa n j s h i r g l e n , 7 miles above
Marz, c o n t a i n i n g 50 h o u s e s o f Taj i ks . ( Sh a h z a d a Taimus.)
MATAK Se e GHORBAND &
MATA KALA
A v i l l a g e i n t h e Ha z a r a j a t .
*MATA KHAN &k,
33-16 69-52. Mata Khan is an a l a q a d a r i i n Pa kt i a pr ovi nce. The
a l a q a d a r i c o mp r i s e s an area of 4 3 1 s q u a r e k i l o me t e r s and has an
a g r i c u l t u r a l p o p u l a t i o n t h a t h a s b e e n e s t i ma t e d f r om 5,190 t o 8,255.
Th e a l a q a d a r i is b o u n d e d i n t h e s o u t h b y Sar hawza, i n t h e e a s t by
Orma, i n t h e n o r t h b y Zor mat , a nd i n t h e west b y Shar an and Dehyale.
Mata Khan h a s 27 v i l l a g e s , n o n e o f wh i c h h a s mor e t h a n 500 inhabi-
t a n t s . T h e v i l l a g e s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows :
Tat or ai , Kot i Khel , I r ahi mzai , S h a h Qal a, S h o r Kacha ( Shor Kaja),
La gha r , Kar ez I br ahi m (Qarya-i -Ibrahi m), Sh i n k a i , Gunbat , Aka Khel,
Marjan Khel , ~ a r y a n i , Dado Khel , Pai kar , Bahram Kalai, Faqi r Kalai,
Sa i d o Kalai, Pol ad Khel , Cha wni , Kar su, Mullayan, Landi wal , Omar
Khel , Ge r d i , Chowa l Khel , Toda Chi na, Aw Gudar , Khar Dewal, Tor
Khel , Jamal i , Pe t k a i , Lat Khel , Ti mor Khel , Kamkai Jamali, Hazar
K h e l , Su r kai , Qala-i-Gul a n d Gul r an.
MATUN Or KHOST i~+
33-22 69-57 A. T h e p r i n c i p a l t o wn and a wol e s wa l i i n Pakt i a prov-
i nc e . S e e Kh o s t f o r a d e s c r i p t i o n o f Kh o s t wol es wal i . (LWA) In
1914 t h e a r e a was d e s c r i b e d a s f o l l o ws : El evat i on 3, 892 f e e t . The
p r i n c i p a l p l a c e i n Khos t , a nd t h e r e s i d e n c e , e x c e p t i n summer, of
t h e Gove r nor o f t h a t d i s t r i c t . I t c o n s i s t s o f a l a r g e gr oup of
v i l l a g e s l y i n g on b o t h s i d e s o f t h e Matun r i v e r whi c h i s s u e s from
t h e Ghal ang Dara i n t h e Mangal H i l l s .
T h e r e a r e t wo small f o r t s a t Matun, o n e o f wh i c h is ga r r i s one d by a
r e g i me n t o f c a v a l r y and t h e o t h e r b y a b a t t a l i o n o f i nf ant r y. Be-
s i d e s t h e s e t r o o p s t h e r e a r e a l s o i n Matun 2 o t h e r bat t al i ons of
i n f a n t r y , 27 g u n s ( 12 mount ai n, 11 f i e l d and 4 machi ne) , and 600
Khas adar s . T h e ma c hi ne g u n s a r e d e s c r i b e d i n 1 9 0 5 a s havi ng been
" f o r me r l y mount e d on t h e wal l s o f t h e f o r t , b u t now l yi ng on t he
gr ound. " T h e wh o l e o f t h e t r o o p s me nt i one d a bove form t h e n0n'nal
g a r r i s o n o f Matun, b u t t h e y ne a r l y al l move u p t o Gabar Mangal in
t h e h o t we a t h e r , a s a l s o d o e s t h e Gove r nor o f Khos t .
(1.B.C.)
For o p e r a t i o n s i n, and a r o u n d , Matun i n 1879, see " Of f i ci al History
of t h e Second Afghan War . "
HATUNGI
'++
34-35 69-43 G.
El evat i on 12, 700 f e e t .
A mount ai n i n t h e Hariob, 8
m i l e s s o u t h w e s t o f La k h a r i Kot al , a n d 6 miles n o r t h of A l i Khel*
(Gordon. )
MATWAR
R;
33- 69-. A v i l l a g e i n t h e Mukhbi l val l ey, a b o u t 1/2 m i l e from t he
P o i n t wh e r e t h e Mukhbi l r a v i n e j o i n s t h e Kurram r i ver .
Sout h of t he
v i l l a g e t h e g r o u n d is v e r y much c u t u p b y wa t e r c o u r s e s .
(I*B-c*)
T h i s is pr oba bl y t h e same as bel ow.
*MATWARKH c .
33-47 69-53 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d some 6 miles e a s t of Chamkani ,
halfway t o t h e Paki s t an bor de r i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
L 1,.
MAULANA
33- 68-. El e va t i on 9, 140 f e e t . A k o t a l l e a d i n g o v e r t h e h i l l s
- -
nor t h o f Khar war . I t is s a i d t o b e a n e a s y r o u t e . I t is i n
r eal i t y onl y t h e we s t e r nmos t br anch o f t h e Kotal-i-Kalam. ( Gr i es-
bach. 1
MAYA KHEL &b
A s e c t i on of t h e Lohani s. Also cal l ed Mia or Mian Khel. A vi l l a ge
with t h i s name is l oc a t e d a bout 2 miles s o u t h of Char asi ab, a t 34-21
69-10 G. (LWA)
MAYAR-I-AKBAR KHAN & J'rb
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge in Kama, Jal al abad d i s t r i c t , 2 m i l e s nor t h of
t h e Kabul r i ver , o p p o s i t e Gi r di Kats. The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Mohmands.
(Jen kyns . )
MAZANG Or MOZANG
34- 69-. Deh Mazang is a vi l l age 1 m i l e w e s t of t h e c i t y of Kabul,
a t t h e e nt r a nc e t o t h e g o r g e on t h e Ghazni r oad. I nhabi t ant s :
Tajiks and Ki zi l bashi s. On t h e r e t r e a t o f t h e caval r y and hor s e -
ar t i l l er y from t h e Cha r de h val l ey on t h e 1 1 t h December 1879, t h i s
vi l l age was hel d by 200 men of t h e 72nd Hi ghl a nde r s s e n t o u t from
Sher pur , and t h e Af ghan a dva nc e was c h e c k e d . I B C Thi s vi l l a ge
is now pa r t o f Kabul. (LWA)
MAZAR ~ ' 3
A r i ver whi ch f l o ws down from t h e c ount r y of t h e Kaf i r s and j oi ns
t h e Kunar on its west bank. (Masson.)
*MAZAR r 'i
33-13 68-31 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d s o u t h we s t of t h e Sa r de h Band and
s out he a s t o f Shahj oy i n Ghazni pr ovi nce. Anot her pl a c e wi t h t h i s
name is l oc a t e d e a s t of t h e Tor Band and s o u t h we s t o f Lal chak i n
Ghazni pr ovi nce, a t 33-16 67-9 m.
MAZAR r %
34-39 70-45 G. A s ubdi vi s i on of t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t . I t con-
t ai ns t h e f ol l owi ng vi l l ages :
Banda-i-Zabardast wi t h 12 houses of t h e Bar akzai c l a n
Mir 50 I!
Shah Nur 5 0 Simzai
Khushi 20 II
Ka 1 a- i-Ga i 5 0 11
Kala- i -Madad 2 0 Bar akzai
Kala-i-Gada 60 Simzai
Deh-i-Sarawal 8 0 It
Gumchandu 15 Ta j i k
Kala-i-Faiz 30 Bar akzai
Gurwah Nundalam 200 Simzai
Ghaziabad 300 Mixed
Shorabad 5 0 Bar akzai
Kala-i-Gai 2 0 11
Kala-i-Shah Nur 2 0 It
Kala-i-Mahiaz 2 0 II
Kala-i-Akhun
Kala-i-Miru
Bar is
Far i
Khund
Kalan
Ba z
(No a u t h o r i t y
2 0 I1
3 0 II
15 II
11
Gurbaz
I1
Kandahar i
quot ed i n f i r s t e di t i on. )
*MAZARKHEL Je- J' )
33-27 69-3 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d n o r t h we s t of Zurmat on t h e road to
Gar dez i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
MAZGIN (&. )&
34-8 69-12 m. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Logar val l ey, 5 miles nor t heast of
Zargan Shahar, and forming wi t h Surkhao a t ownshi p under t he author-
i t y , i n 1 8 8 0 , o f P a d s h a h Khan, Ahmadzai . T h e i nha bi t a nt s are
Taj i ks , of whom t h e r e were 30 f ami l i es i n 1880. The land i n t he
ne i ghbour hood is w e l l c ul t i va t e d and is wat er ed by t h e Surkhao
s t r eam and by kar ez. (Euan Smi t h, Cl i f f o r d , I.B.C.)
MAZID 4i
A s u b s e c t i o n o f t h e Besud Hazaras. A vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is
s o u t h of Mushaki i n Ghazni pr ovi nc e , a t 33-2 68-13 m.
(LWA. )
MAZINA &jL
34-13 70-29 m. El evat i on 4, 000 f e e t . A vi l l age in t h e Jalalabad
d i s t r i c t , on t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e Hi sarak Rud. It lies 15 miles
s o u t h e a s t of Jal al abad and a bout t h e same d i s t a n c e s out hwes t of
Barikao. I t is i nha bi t e d by Sa yyi ds and Dehgans, and contains
numer ous mud f o r t s , s ur r ounde d by c ul t i va t i on and or char ds . Sup-
p l i e s a r e pl e nt i f ul .
He r e , on t h e 2 7 t h J u l y 1 8 4 2 , a Br i t i s h f o r c e , u n d e r Br i gadi er
Mont eat h d e s t r o y e d 35 f o r t s bel ongi ng t o t h e Shi nwar i s a s a punish-
ment f o r t h e i r mar audi ng. The l o s s on t h e Br i t i s h s i d e was Lieuten-
a n t MacIlveen, of t h e 3 1 s t Foot , and 2 men ki l l ed, and 23 men
wounded.
Mazina was a l s o t h e s c e n e o f an e nga ge me nt i n May 1880, i n which t he
Mulla Faki r was d e f e a t e d by Br i gadi er - Gener al Gib. For det ai l s of
t h i s a c t i o n see " Of f i c i a l Hi s t o r y o f t h e Se c o n d Af gha n War."
( I .B.C.)
*MEHMAN KALAI J"irLr
32-18 68-24 m. A vi l l a ge near t h e Loy Ziri Ghar, 7 miles nort h of
Mashuri i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
MENRBAN KALA dirb
34-28 68-37. A vi l l a ge on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Kabul r i ver , about
t wo miles west o f J al r ez. I nhabi t ant s : Taj i ks. (Wanliss.)
+MEHTERLAM r Y ~
34-39 70-12. Mehterlam is a wol eswal i i n Laghman Province. The
wol es wali, whi ch c ompr i s e s an a r e a o f 534 s q u a r e ki l omet er s, has an
a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on t h a t ha s been e s t i ma t e d a t from 15,678 to
31,062. I t is bounded i n t h e nor t h by Al i shi ng and Alingar, i n t he
e a s t and s o u t h by Qa r gha i and in t h e w e s t by Sar obi woleswalis. The
wol eswal i c ont a i ns a bout 79 vi l l ages , 4 4 of whi ch have more t han 50
i nha bi t a nt s . The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG as f ol l ows:
Ti r gar i , Sa ngt ur a h, Cha r de hi , Dopi-i-Sufla wa Shamana, ~ o p i - i - u l ~ ~ r
Qala-i-Haider Khan, Beg h-i-Mirza, Gan ~h u, Kalak o t , Omar zai, Ashak
~g h a s h i ( Sha g h a s i ) , Al a koz a i , Kunj , Ta ndi , (Ma wzo- i - Omar zai ) ,
~ a g h a l , Shi r gar , Dendah, Pashai , Tor kot or Sul t an-Ghazi Agha, Deh
Malakh, Gomin, Deh Ba gha l a k, Cha r qa l a - i - Wa r da ki ya , S e h s a d a h
( s e h s a d r a h ) Qal a-i -Saf i, Joy- i - Sar aj , Sha ma t i Wa Ka c hur , C h e hi 1
~ a t a i , Khadi ya, ( S h o r a wai l , Qala-i-G hul am Khan, Qal a-i -Purd el ,
Kapla, ~ l i s h i n g , Kar enj - i - Al i g h i n g , Qarya-i-mar yam, Deh Zi ya r a t ,
Dewah Tandai, Naudam PUr, Bazid Khel , Shamangul , Nurah, Akhundabad
(Hakimabad), Harmal, Qda-i-Min, Nalawi, Nolam, Nolam Abusah K he l ,
anda ah Nolam, Taj gal ai , Gul kar i , Mas hi khel (Mosha Khel ) , Doba-i-
~ala-i-Nau, Chandok wa Khwaja Sahi b, Pads hah Khel, Saya Kandah,
Shala Tak, Badi sh, Maskorah (Maskowa), Kutal, Maidani, Kac hur-i-
Shamati, Abizai, Nilawati, Moh'd Khel wa-Shorabah, A l i Khel, Basram,
~ a d i a b a d , Ahmad zai , Landa Khel, Tabi kunj , Dud-Kochi, Qar ya- i - ~ar aki -
~a n j p a y e , Qarya-i-Jugi, Muhammad Pur, Andlo, Gal och, Nawabad-i-
Machan ~ h e l , Chapar ha, Mazkurah, Bela, Baluch Kalai, Baghal ak, Bacha
Khel, Ahmad zai and Ku t d (Maidani-Kutal) .
MELANAI &
33-12 68-30 m. A vi l l a ge 30 miles s o u t h e a s t o f Ghazni , on t h e l e f t
bank of t h e Ghazni r i ve r i n t h e Shi l gha r d i s t r i c t o f t h e Ghi l zai s.
I t c o n s i s t s of a c l u s t e r of f o r t s i nha bi t e d by Andar i s. (Outram,
Broadfoot .)
MERGROM 'A+
32-20 71-24 G. A vi l l a ge on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Bas hgul r i ve r , and
mainly bui l t on t h e r i g h t bank of its own mount ai n st r eam. It ha s 33
hous es , r e a c he d from t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Bas hgul by a pecul i ar l y
r i c ke t t y br i dge . Up t h e Me r gd t h e r e is a d i f f i c u l t mount ai n t r a c k
t o t h e Sar at gul . The i nha bi t a nt s o f Mergrom i nc l ude a l a r g e number
of out c a s t s , whi ch makes it a ki nd of c i t y of r e f u g e f o r t h e Kam
t r i be. ( Rober t son. )
MESH, AB-I See MADI NUI + 4
MESHA
+
34-44 66-55 G. A hal f - r ui ned, but i nha bi t e d, f o r t in t h e Yakh
Walang d i s t r i c t , 6 m i l e s w e s t of Fer ozbahar ( K a h Miana), s i t u a t e d
on a c ons pi c uous i s ol a t e d r oc k on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Rud-i-Band-i-
Amir. ( Mai t l and .)
MEST c;l.
32-58 68-33 m. A vi l l a ge in t h e Ghi l zai count r y, be t we e n Dand and
Mi shkhel , a t t h e bot t om o f t h e Katasang hi l l i n Katawaz. Here a r e a
f ew f o r t s of t h e Sulaiman Khel Ghi l zai s, and wat er is pr ocur abl e.
(Broad f oot .)
*METAR +
33-26 68-42 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d n o r t h e a s t o f t h e Sa r de h Band and
s out he a s t o f Ghazni i n Ghazni pr ovi nce. Ot her pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name
ar e l ocat ed nor t h of J a gha t u and w e s t of Sai dabad in t h e Wardak a r e a
Of Maidan pr ovi nce, a t 33-59 68-28 m.; a t r i but a r y of t h e Helmand,
nor t h of Pi t aokol in Bamian pr ovi nce, a t 34-9 67-10 m.
*MIANA LL
34-2 67-33 m. A vi l l age near Sa f i da b in s o u t h e r n Bamian pr ovi nce.
Ot her pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name a r e l oc a t e d n o r t h we s t of J e l ga , a t 33-11
67-1 m.; i n t h e Bughr a ar ea, e a s t o f Lal chak, a t 33-19 67-19 m.;
near Sangdah, w e s t of t h e Dasht-i-Nawer, a t 33-32 67-35 m.; on t h e
Nawa-i-Khoda-i- ad, n o r t h e a s t of Pai Tangi , a t 33-16 67-35 m.; and
near Sag hana, n o r t h we s t of Ghazni , a t 33-44 68-6 m.; a l l of t hem i n
Ghazni provi nce.
MIANA KALA d i
A f o r t near Fer ozbahar i n t h e Yakh Walang di s t r i c t . Al t oget her there
a r e t h r e e f o r t s in t h i s pa r t of t h e val l ey, and a l l a r e on t he l ef t
bank. The most we s t e r l y is Rash; t h e Cent r e one is Saf edak, or Kala
Miana; t h e name of t h e t h i r d is not known. They have a population of
20 t o 30 f ami l i es of Hazaras. (Maitland.) A vi l l age with t hi s name
is t wo miles west of Chamkani a t 33-47
69-44 G. (LWA)
MIANDAD
( JI JL J I J"L
33-36 68-30. A vi l l age about 6 miles nor t he a s t of Ghazni, on the
road t o Kharwar. (I.B.C.)
MI ANI See POWINDAH uL
MIAN-I-DO-KOH 4" J A
34-37 67-22 m. The name a ppl i e d t o t h e uppe r por t i on of t he Sar-i-
Bulak val l ey l eadi ng up t o t h e Zard Sang pa s s over t h e Koh-i-Baba
r ange. bout 4 1/2 m i l e s s out h of t h i s pa s s is t h e s m a l l hamlet of
Mian-i-Do-Koh, cont ai ni ng some 10 hous e s of Besud Hazaras. Just
below t h e vi l l age t h e r e is a s m a l l maidan about 1/2 m i l e long where
2,000 t r o o p s coul d encamp, b u t no s u p p l i e s a r e t o be had and t here
is l i t t l e f u e l . (I.B.C.)
MIANKHEL See LOHANI
("L ) &L
A vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is about 5 miles s o u t h e a s t of Qala Saraj in
Laghman, a t 34-36 70-14 G. (LWA)
MIAN NISHIN
A s ubdi vi s i on of t he Dai Chopan Hazaras.
MIAN UMAR ZIARAT
~ , b *L
About 27 m i l e s n o r t h e a s t of Gar dez, on t h e road t he nc e to the
Mirzakai kot a l . (I.B.C.)
MI CHI N KHEL See POWINDAH h
MINZAI See ALI KHEL cr;id.
*MINZAI
&
32-36 68-1 m. A vi l l age near Dila in Ghazni pr ovi nce. Other places
wi t h t h i s name a r e l ocat ed west of Wazakh wa, a t 32-10
68-16 m.; and
nor t he a s t of Wur, a t 32-9 68-41 m. , both in Ghazni province.
MIR ADINA GJ'CT
A s e c t i on of t he Polada Hazaras.
*MIRAGUL KALAI
4.a\,
32-59 69-11 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d
some 4 miles nor t h of Urgun in
Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
M I RAK
A s e c t i on of t he Muhamad Khwa j a Hazaras.
MIR AKHOR AGHA JAN
&&J,w
34- 69-. A f o r t in Cha r de h, Kabul, in t h e ~u a h - u d - d i n township.
I nhabi t ant s: Ki zi l bashi s and Gadi Hazeras. 6 t ower s , 18 houses.
(I.B.C.)
MI R AKHOR ALI MUHAMMAD KHAN
"Lh"lc,+t #.
34- 69-. A f o r t i n t h e Cha r de h val l ey of Kabul, on t h e r i g h t bank
of t h e Kabul r i ve r be t we e n Ri sk hor and Kala-i-Fathu. I nhabi t ant s :
Tajiks and Gadi Hazaras. 4 t owe r s , 20 hous e s . (I.B.C.)
*MIR ALAM e*
33-15 68-19 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d n o r t h e a s t of Mushakai , e a s t o f t h e
highway t o Ghazni.
MIRAMUR See DAI KUNDI u 'P
*MI RAN i ) ' ~
34-13 68-18 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e Dara-i-Jelga in Maidan
provi nce. Anot her pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d on t h e Lador
Kholeh, n o r t h we s t of Zur kot , a t 33-35 69-37 m.
MIRAN KHEL A "$9
A s e c t i on of J a z i s , who have 6 f o r t s of 30 h o u s e s e a c h and can t ur n
out 30 f i g h t i n g men. (Ag ha Abbas.)
MIRAN KHEL
A di vi s i on of t h e Mangal t r i b e .
MIRAN SHAH
t L: "1,
33-15 70-4 G. A vi l l a ge i n t h e u p p e r Panj s hi r gl en, about 1 1/2
m i l e s below Anaba, i nha bi t e d by 40 f ami l i es of Taj i ks. About a m i l e
l ower down is Zamankor, 1 2 hous e s . ( Shahzada Taimus.)
MIR BACHA L C ~ ~ J P
A s ubs e c t i on of t h e Yanghur cl an of Dai Zangi Hazaras. A vi l l a ge
with t h i s name is 2 miles nor t h o f Panj pai , Maidan, a t 34-28 68-13
G. (LWA)
MIR BACHA
A s e c t i on of t he Daul at pai Besudi s.
MIR BACHA
A subsect i on of t h e Bul Hasan Besudi s.
*MIR BACHA KOT ~ - ) Y I I *
34-41 69-5. Mir Bacha Kot is a wol eswal i in Kabul pr ovi nce. The
woleswali c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 63 s qua r e ki l ome t e r s and ha s an
agr i cul t ur al popul at i on whi ch h a s been e s t i ma t e d a t from 12, 500 t o
15,120. The wol eswal i is bounded in t h e west and s o u t h by Shakar
Dara, in t h e nor t h by I s t a l e f and Kalakan, and in t h e e a s t by Deh
Sabz. Mir Bacha Kot i nc l ude s about 28 vi l l a ge s , 17 of whi ch have
more t h a n 500 i n h a b i t a n t s . Th e v i l l a g e s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a
f ~ l l o w s : Mar ki , Qul ug h , Deh Mir, ~a l a - i - Ak h u n d , Qanat - i - Zul f i ,
Qurban Sul t an, Dakoye Suf l a, Deh s a q i - ~ u f l a , Loc hakan, Sarai Kh waja,
Guzar - i - ~ewa Khat un, Guz a r , Sh a i k han- i - Baqabeg, Lag hmani Kola
( koka) , Bala Ab, Qala-i-Khanan, ~h waja Gia, Baba Quchqar , Baladeh
Luchakan, Zamin Ag h o r , Daku-i -Ul ya, Ar azi , ~ h a i k han, Sayab wa
Charmgar, Khar ot i , Sof i an, Deh Saqi-i-Ulya, and J oy Bar.
MIR CHAPPAR See CHARKHIL
MIRDAD a1a*
Dai Mirdad is a di vi s i on ( or "t appa") of t h e d i s t r i c t of Ghazni ,
bounded a s f ol l ows : nor t h and w e s t , Hazara Besud; s o u t h and e a s t ,
Wardak.
Th e i nha bi t a nt s a r e c h i e f l y War daks, b u t t h e r e a r e al s o Hazaras and
~ i z i l b a s h i s .
Th e t a p p a is e n c l o s e d by h i l l s e a s t and w e s t , and t h e valley t hus
f or med is i r r i g a t e d by a stream bear i ng t h e same name a s t h e tappa,
and is wel l - cul t i vat ed. The val l ey from n o r t h t o s out h is a long
one. Wheat is t h e s t a p l e c r op. The r e is a l ead-mi ne i n t h e hi us on
t h e w e s t , b u t it is n o t now wor ked. I n Ami r Sh e r Al i ' s time an
e s t a bl i s hme nt was k e p t up, and t h e o u t t u r n o f l e a d was sai d t o be 4
kharwars, or 64 maunds, per annum.
Th e e s t i ma t e d l and r e ve nue amount s t o a bout R s . 15, 358 a year.
The
j ambast s ys t e m of a s s e s s me n t pr evai l s . ( Hast i ngs. )
MI R DEH 4 J ~
A vi l l a ge of 20 h o u s e s o f Bes ud Hazaras, s i t u a t e d in t h e Dara Al i of
t h e Yakh Walang d i s t r i c t . (A.B.C.)
MIRGA BELA & d r
34-26 70-30. A vi l l a ge in t h e Besud di vi s i on o f t h e Jalalabad dis-
t ri ct , s i t u a t e d on t h e l e f t bank o f t h e Kabul r i ve r , about 2 miles
a bove t h e p o i n t wh e r e t h e Kunar r i ve r r u n s in. I nhabi t ant s: Tajiks
and Arabs. ( J en kyns. )
MI R GHAZAB +c
A vi l l a ge i n t h e Ghi l zai c ount r y, 120 m i l e s s o u t h of Ghazni. It
c o n s i s t s o f onl y f o u r f ami l i es, b u t h a s a s p r i n g of water. The
i nha bi t a nt s a r e Nasi r Khel s. (Broad f oot . )
MIR GHAZAB -c*
34- 69-. A f o r t i n t h e Cha r de h o f Kabul, be t we e n Gaokhana and Kala-
i-Kazi. Water f r om ka r e z and from a s t r eam from t h e Korogh moun-
t ai n. 6 t o we r s , 1 8 f ami l i es. (I.B.C.)
MI R GHULAM +P
35-0 70-35 G. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a bout 19 miles n o r t h we s t of Chegha
Sar ai i n Kunar pr ovi nce. (LWA. ) Se e ~ i l i t a r y Re por t on Hazarajat,
Par t I1 f o r a n o t h e r pl a c e wi t h t h i s name.
MIR GULAB
+>a,
34- 69-. A vi l l a qe in t h e Koh Daman, nor t h o f Kabul, cont ai ni ng 10
hous e s . (I.B.c.)-
*MIR HASAN i r r
32-2 68-55 m. A vi l l a ge near Sanga and e a s t of ~ a m a i in sout hern
Ghazni pr ovi nce. Anot her pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is nor t heas t of
Chamkani near t h e Paki s t an bor de r , a t 33-52 69-53 m.
MIR HAZAR
A l a r g e s e c t i o n of t he Dai Kundi Hazar as.
J'P P
MIR HAZAR
,'P
A Darg han Hazara vi l l a ge of 15 f ami l i es i n t h e Kalu gl en, about 13
miles above Zohak. ( Ami r Khan.) Re c e nt maps s how t h e name Mir
Hazari s o u t h we s t of Ner kh, a t 34-21 68-45 m. (LWA.)
MIR-I-ALI
A subsection of t h e Eksud Hazar as.
HIRJI KALA
L.P*P
A vi l l a ge i n t h e Hi sarak di vi s i on of t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t , about
t wo miles n o r t h e a s t o f Mazina. I nhabi t ant s : Sayyi ds. ( ~enkyns . )
~MIRKHANKHEL Lir~,,-
35-2 69-44 m. A vi l l a ge near Lukakhel , n o r t h e a s t o f Nej rab i n
~ a p i s a pr ovi nce. Anot her pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is nor t h o f t h e
Ghorband val l ey i n Parvan pr ovi nc e a t 35-4 68-49 m.
MIRKOT
4' rr
32-28 67-23 G. A vi l l a ge 125 miles on t h e r oad from Kandahar t o
~ h a z n i . I t is s o c ol d h e r e i n t h e wi nt er t h a t Fo s t e r ment i ons t h a t
water suspended in a copper ves s el a t t h e end of October, was f r ozen
i nt o a s ol i d mass dur i ng t h e ni ght . ( Fost er . )
MIR LALA KALA
d Y Y c.
34- 70-. A vi l l a qe i n t h e Kama di vi s i on o f t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t .
i nhabi t ant s: s ayyi d s. ( Jenkyns. )
\ >
MIRZA AHMAD KHAN
34- 69-. A f o r t i n t h e Cha r de h val l ey o f Kabul, i nc l ude d i n t h e
vi l l age of Sar asi a, and a little u p st r eam from t h e l a t t e r . I nhabi -
t ant s: Taj i ks and Bal uchi s; 12 f ami l i es of t h e f or mer and 3 of t h e
l a t t e r . (I.B.C.)
*MIRZA ALI
&' ;I..
32-53 67-51 G. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a bout 5 m i l e s e a s t o f Mukur in
Ghazni pr ovi nce. Nearby is a n o t h e r pl a c e wi t h t h i s name, a t 32-57
76-52 G.
MIRZA ALIBAD ( ) AT&'>
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Sur kha b di vi s i on of t h e Jal al abad di s -
t r i c t , about 2 m i l e s s o u t h we s t of Mirzayan. I nhabi t ant s : Taj i ks.
(Jenkyns . )
MIRZA GHIAS L &\+
34-33 69-13. A wal l ed vi l l age i n t h e Kabul d i s t r i c t , 2 m i l e s e a s t
of Bemaru. I n h a b i t a n t s : Ta j i ks . I t is s q u a r e , wi t h 1 0 0 y a r d
f a c e s . (I.B.C.)
MIRZA GHULAM NAB1 & t%\j,e
34- 69-. A s m a l l vi l l a ge i n t h e Kabul d i s t r i c t , s i t u a t e d be t we e n
Khwaja Rawash and t h e Wazirabad l ake. It is s ur r ounde d by trees and
cul t i vat i on r e a c hi ng t o t h e bor de r of t h e l ake. (I.B.C.)
MIRZA GHULAM SADIK
pLt%\+
34- 69-. A f o r t in t h e Cha r de h val l ey o f Kabul, i nc l ude d in t h e
vi l l age of Sar asi a, s i t u a t e d b e t we e n t h a t p l a c e a nd Kala-i-Mir z a
Ahmad Khan. I nhabi t ant s : Taj i ks. (I.B.C.)
MIRZA HABIB -> I
34- 69-. A smal l f o r t i n t h e Kabul d i s t r i c t . I t s t a n d s on t h e
r i g h t bank of t h e Maidan st r eam, near Deh-i-Bori, whe r e t h e Ghazni
road c r o s s e s t h e st r eam (Maidan). (I.B.C.)
MIRZA HASHIM +jp
34- 70-. A vi l l age i n t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t , on t h e r i g h t bank of
t h e Sur khab r i ve r , about 3 miles e a s t of Balabad. The i nha bi t a nt s
a r e Ki zi l bashi s. ( Jenkyns. )
HIRZAI LII;L*~
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge in t h e Kama di vi s i on of t h e Jal al abad district.
I nhabi t ant s: Ghi l zai s and ~ o d i a s . ( Jenkyns. )
MIRZA JAE'IR b ' j l b )
34- 69-. A f o r t i n t h e Cha r de h val l ey of Kabul, bet ween Deh-i-Dana
and Ri sk ho. I nhabi t ant s : Gad i Hazara. (I.B.C.)
MI RZA JAWAT
G ktjCr
34- 69-. A f o r t i n t h e Cha r de h val l ey o f Kabul, bet ween ~ala-i-
Jaf ir Jan and Aos har. ~ n h a b i t a n t s : Ki zi l bas hi s and Gadi Hazaras.
1 5 nous e s . (1.B.C.)
*MIRZA KALA d\+
32-49 68-57 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a f e w m i l e s nor t h of Sai dkhel in
Pak t i a pr ovi nce.
MI RZA KHEL &'>
34-13 69-8 m. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Logar val l ey, 1-1/2 miles east of
t h e r i g h t bank o f t h a t r i ve r , and 8 m i l e s nor t h of Zargan Shahar.
I nha bi t a nt s : Ahmadzai s. In 1880 t h e vi l l age, whi ch cons i s t ed of 5
haml et s, c ont a i ne d 80 f ami l i es. ( Cl i f f or d, Euan Smith.) Another
pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is i n Nangahar pr ovi nce, a t 34-30 70-40 G.
(LWA. )
MI RZAKAI Or SURKHAI &SJ'jp.
33-10 69-20 G. El evat i on a bout 9,000 f e e t . A p a s s over t h e Mangal
h i l l s on t h e r oad f r om Kar l achi t o Ghazni and vi a t h e Altimur pass,
t o Kabul. The summi t of t h e p a s s lies 4-1/2 m i l e s from Karlachi and
93-1/2 f r om Ghazni . The r oad ove r t h e p a s s is e a s i l y pract i abl e for
camel s and it is s ai d t h a t it coul d wi t hout d i f f i c u l t y be made f i t
f o r whe e l e d t r a f f i c . It is s ai d ne ve r t o b e bl oc ke d by snow.
On t h e kot a l is an Af ghan p o s t he l d by a de t a c hme nt of 200 regular
i nf a nt r y. A t t h e we s t e r n f o o t o f t h e pa s s , one m i l e from t h e sum-
m i t , is t h e s m a l l vi l l a ge o f Mi rzakai Karez; t h i s would be t h e best
p l a c e f o r a b r i g a d e t o e n c a mp , f o r mi n g t h e t h i r d s t a g e from
Karl achi ; wat er f r om a k a r e z , (I.B.C.)
M I RZAKKA &>
33-47 69-28 m. A vi l l a ge i n a wel l - wat er ed pl ai n bet ween Ambar and
Gwamangal Kala, on t h e r oad f r om A l i Khel t o Ghazni. Water i s
p l e n t i f u l t h r o u g h o u t t h e year. Fo d d e r f o r about 800 animals f or one
day and about 500 maunds of unground grai n may be col l ect ed within 5
m i l e s o f t h e vi l l age. Fuel a l s o is obt ai nabl e. ( Cr eagh, Johnston. )
MI RZA MUHAMMAD ALI &a'*
34- 69-. A small s q u a r e vi l l age, 50 yar d f a c e s , i n t h e t ownshi p of
Yakat ut , on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Kabul r i ve r and t o t h e e a s t of
She r pur . The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Ki zi l bashi s. (Kennedy. )
*MIRZAWAL
J'/'*
33-22 68-18 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d some 3 miles west of ~ u s t a u f i and
15 miles s o u t h we s t o f Ghazni i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
MIRZAYAN &'*
34- 70-.
A vi l l a ge in t h e Sur kha b di vi s i on o f t h e ~a l a l a ba d dis-
t ri ct , a bout 2 m i l e s s o u t h e a s t o f Zulmabad. I nhabi t ant s: ~h i l z a i g *
( Jenkyns . )
MISH KHEL $i;r
A v i l l a g e 40 miles sout hwest of Ghazni . (Thornt on. )
MIS KHEL
A Sulaiman Khel Ghi l z a i v i l l a g e i n Katawaz.
MISKIN &
35- 69-. A v i l l a g e i n t h e Ko h i s t a n o f Kabul , b e t we e n Bai an
Daolana. One f o r t , 120 hous e s . I nhabi t ant s : Taj i ks. The l and is
very f e r t i l e , gr ai n of e ve r y s o r t , i nc l udi ng rice, bei ng gr own; and
vi nes and mul ber r i es among t h e f r u i t trees. Water from t h e Char i kar
stream by a c ut . (I.B.C.)
MISKIN &
35- 69-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Cha r de h val l ey of Kabul, be t we e n I nda ki
and Ghaib. Fi f t y h o u s e s of Taj i ks. The i nha bi t a nt s a r e a l l gi l -
kar, i.e., pe opl e empl oyed i n bui l di ng wi t h cl ay ( not b r i c k s ) , mud-
pl as t er i ng, etc. (I.B.C.)
*MITA dr
33-19 69-26 m. A vi l l a ge l oa c t e d on a t r i but a r y o f t h e Sa i dkhe l o
Lgad s out h of Waze i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
MITHAI &
33- 69-. A st r eam whi ch j oi ns t h e Laladar st r eam from t h e west, a t
a poi nt on t h e r oad t o t h e Lakar ai pa s s , a t 3 miles nor t h of Bel ut .
The t wo s t r e a ms e n c l o s e a l a r g e ope n, g r a s s y s p a c e a bout hal f a m i l e
l ong and a q u a r t e r o f a m i l e br oad. H i l l s on e i t h e r s i d e low b u t
s t e e p. ( Col l et t . )
*MITRANI $I*
34-11 70-38 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d some 6 m i l e s s o u t h e a s t o f Sha hi kot
i n Nangarhar pr ovi nce.
MITTA KHEL &(b) 4.
A sulaiman Khel Ghi l zai vi l l age i n Katawaz. The r e a r e t wo vi l l a ge s
with t h i s name, one s o u t h we s t of t h e Ab-i-Istada, a t 32-14 67-51 m.,
and a t 32-50 68-28 G. (LWA.)
MIYALA SAHIB KALA
arliCfLLd\+I
34-22 70-39 G. A smal l vi l l a ge on t h e Peshawar-Jal al abad r oad, e a s t
of A l i Bog han. Here is a s h r i n e f amous f o r its powe r o f heal i ng
l unat i cs. (Kabul Mi ssi on, 1905.)
MIZAH
A main s e c t i o n of t h e Besud Hazaras.
MOGHAT h
34-33 69-10 G. A haml et , c ons i s t i ng of t h r e e d e t a c h e d por t i ons , on
t h e s out he r n s h o r e o f t h e Wazirabad l a ke , nor t h of She r pur .
~ n h a b i -
t ant s: Ki zi l bashi s. (Kennedy. )
MOHAR BARDAK 4 JP&
A vi l l age i n t h e Ghazni d i s t r i c t , on t h e r oad t owa r ds Kandahar.
I nhabi t ant s: Andar G hi l zai s. ( Hast i ng s.)
MOHBAT KALOZAIDA
A s ubdi vi s i on of t h e Pol ada Hazaras.
MOHIN KALA %+
A vi l l age 45 miles from ~al at - i - Ghi l zai on t h e Ghazni r oad. (Bel-
lew . )
MOH MAND
For a d e s c r i p t i o n of t h i s t r i b e see "N.W.F. Gazet t eer . "
4
MOHMAND J+
34- 69-. A v i l l a g e i n t h e Lo g a r v a l l e y , s o u t h of t h e Tangi
Waghjan. The i nhabi t ant s are Mohmands, and in 1880 t hey numbered 40
f ami l i es. ( Cl i f f or d, Euan Smith. )
MOHMAND OR MAHMAN *
34-14 69-54. A s t r eam of Jal al abad, whi ch rises i n a valley from
whi c h it t a k e s its name and whi c h is s i t u a t e d among t h e i nner ranges
o f Sa f e d Koh; it f l o ws p a s t t h e Nazian val l ey and t h e Shi nwari f or t s
o f Pe s h Bol ak, and b r a n c h e s i n t o t wo s t r eams , near Basawal; t he
l a r g e r one f a l l s i n t o t h e Kabul r i ve r a t Basawal and t h e smaller one
f l o ws i n t h e d i r e c t i o n of Hazarnao, and e x h a u s t s i t s e l f on t he
c ul t i va t i on o f t h a t pl ace.
Th i s val l ey is c e l e br a t e d f o r t h e grapes
p r o d u c e d i n it. The f ol l owi ng is J e nkyns ' list of vi l l ages in what
h e s t yl e s t h e Rud-i-Mohmand Dara in 1879:
Name of Vi l l a g e I n h a b i t a n t s
1. Si ahchob Dehgans
2. Zakhel Mohmands
3. Kala-i-Ina-
y a t u l l a Khan "
4. Gul ahi
I1
5. Pesh Bolak Dehgans
6. Ka l a j a t - i -
Shi nwar i Shinwar is
7. Basawal Mohmands
8. Hazarnao
11
Name of Vi l l a g e I nhabi t ant s
9. Arnbar Khana Mohmands
10. Gi r d i Si r ka ni 11
( i nc l udi ng Gi rda-
b a i , Mar si ngai Landi ,
and Deh- i - Zi ar at ) .
11. Dakka *I
12. Lal pur a ( i nc l udi ng "
Sada and Malikana)
13. Kuchian Kuch i s
N.B. Add t o Rud-i-Mohmand t h e f ol l owi ng vi l l a ge s of t h e Sipai
Shi nwar i s , viz., Chal gazi , Maidanak, Gi r dai , Bahramkhel, Battan,
Daonai, Asad k he l , Tangai , Makranas, Marg ha, Landai, Trelai, Sunduk,
Kost al , Achi n, and Dassar Kulba.
Add a l s o t h e f ol l owi ng vi l l a ge s o f t h e Sa ngukhe l Shi nwar i s, viz.,
Sar obai , Lak ka r Shai k han, Shol ga r , Kasoba, Chenar , and Sisobi.
Add a l s o Dehs ar ak, a vi l l a ge o f t h e Al i s he r khe l Shi nwar i s. (Moor-
c r o f t , McGregor, J e n kyns. )
MOHMAND w
A l oc a l i t y oc c upi e d by J a gha t u Hazaras. One pl ace wi t h t h i s name is
l o c a t e d a t 34-25 71-15 A. (LWA.)
f MOHMAND
.r;c.
34-16 69-55 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d near Pi s hda r i and s out h of Ashpan
i n Nangar har pr ovi nce.
*MOHMAND DARAH #J 3 *
34-15 70-52. Mohmand Darah is a wol eswal i in Nangarhar province.
The wol eswal i c o mp r i s e s an a r e a of 281 s q u a r e ki l omet er s and has an
a gr i c ul t ur a l popul a t i on t h a t h a s been e s t i ma t e d a t from 13,200 to
15, 450. The wol eswal i is bounded in t h e nor t h by Gosht a Khwaja
Z e m a r and Lal pur , i n t h e e a s t by Paki s t an, in t h e s out h by Dar Baba
and Loye Shi nwar , and i n t h e west by Bati ~ o t . Mohmand Darah has
a bout 11 vi l l a ge s , 6 of whi ch ha ve more t ha n 500 i nhabi t ant s.
The
vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows :
-sol Kalai, Khar Kanalt
Hazar Naw, Kando Gh a z g a i ( Ka ndo) , Gh a z g a i Kal ai , Ge r d i Ghaust
Landi kal ai , Mila Basol, Daka Ulya, Daka SufLa, and Chaknur.
MOR
J P
An a f f l u e n t o f t h e Panja0. It is a narrow wi ndi ng t a ga o of no
- - - -
importance.
(Mu hammad A k bar Khan.)
MORU
UP
A vi l l age 25 miles from Ghazni , on t h e Kabul r oad. (Thornt on. )
MOSHAN i,b
34- 69-. A vi l l a ge 5 m i l e s e a s t of Kabul, be t we e n it and Khurd
Kabul. (Masson.)
MOSHUN
A s e c t i on of t he Dai Kundis.
MOZANG See MAZANG
&j.
MUBAT
A s e c t i on of t h e Pol ada Hazar as of Uj a r i s t a n.
MUCH1 KHEL
A v i l l a g e i n Kharwar; 60 houses of Ghi l z a i s . ( Gr i esbach. )
Lbe
MUDKI &
A hamlet on t h e r oad f r om Al i Khel t o Ghazni , be t we e n Sul i mi and
Andoa. ( Cr eag h .)
MUGHAL KHAN
"LA
34- 70-. A v i l l a g e 1 0 6 miles n o r t h w e s t o f J a l a l a ba d, on t h e
Al i ngar r o a d , c o n s i s t i n g o f 300 h o u s e s o f Ad o k e Af g h a n s (?).
(Leech. )
MUGHAL KHEL &A
34-9 69-3 m. A vi l l a ge of 70 h o u s e s on t h e l e f t bank o f t h e Logar ,
2 miles nor t h of Tangi Waghjan. ( Cl i f f or d, Euan Smith.)
MUGHAL KHEL &&
34- 69-. A v i l l a g e i n t h e Loga r va l l e y, s o u t h o f t h e Ta n g i
Waghjan. The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Ast anazai Ghi l zai s, and i n 1880 t h e y
numbered 50 f ami l i es. ( Cl i f f or d, Euan Smi t h .)
tMUGHAL KHEL
34-44 69-40 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e Tagab r i ve r some 10 m i l e s
s out h of Tagab i n Kapisa pr ovi nce.
MUGHAL KHEL-I -AFGHANI jUiJ+&
A vi l l age in t h e Sur kha b di vi s i on of t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t . The
i nhabi t ant s a r e G hi l zai s . ( Jenkyns. )
MUGHAL KOT 4.L
34-3 68-20 G. A vi l l age in t h e Khawat val l ey, about 44 miles nor t h-
wes t of Ghazni. The r e is room f o r a br i ga de t o camp h e r e wi t h
s u f f i c i e n t wat er . (I.B.C.)
MUHAMMAD AFZAL KHAN
"LJd41&
34-38 69-13. A vi l l age i n t h e Kabul d i s t r i c t 3-1/2 m i l e s nor t h of
t h e Paiminar ~ o t a l on t h e road t o Char i kar . (I.B.C.)
MOHAMMAD AGHA
&T&
34-13 69-6. Mohammad Agha is t h e name of a vi l l age and a wol eswal i
in t h e Logar pr ovi nce. The wol eswal i c ompr i s e s an a r e a of 1, 017
s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s and h a s an a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on whi ch has been
e s t i ma t e d a t a bout 20,900. The wol es wal i is bounded in t h e south-
west by Puli-Alam, i n t h e w e s t by Ner kh, i n t h e nor t h by Charasiab
and Khak-i-Jabbar, i n t h e e a s t by Azro, and i n t h e s out h by
Mohammad Agha i ncl udes about 73 vi uages, of which about twelve have
more t h a n 500 i nha bi t a nt s . The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG as
f ol l ows : Qarya-i-Gomran, Qala-i-An war, Neyazi, Dawran Khel, Ghundi,
Sh i r Af ghan, Mirgai Khel , Nazar Khel , Hos s en Khel, Ghulam Haider
Khan, Qal a- i - Khanj an, Qa r ya - i - She r a z a , Kand wal a, Qar ya- i - ~abkh,
Kamal Khel, Nazar Khel , Qarya-i-Deh Nau, Bag h-i-Sultan, Dewalak,
S h a k a r t i Khe l , S u r k h a b a d , Qa l a - i - Sha i kha k, Wazi r est an, ~awm-i-
Hazarah, Hazarah, Sh a d i Khan, W e g hj an, Zarg un Shahr-i-Ali Khel,
Qal a-i -Dal i l , Qa l a - i - Sha hi , Qal a- i - Dawl at , Mohammad Agha, Mirza
Khel , Kut ub Khel , ~a l a - i - J a r ne l , Qandahar i , Kh waja Dak hel , Gotagi,
Gul i Khel, Khadokhel , Keshni , Sha gha s s i , Ghazni Khel, Qala-i-Wazir,
Salam Khel , Seya Koh, Moghul Khel, Sh e k a r Qala, Zaidabad, Dashtak,
Qarya-i -Ai na k , Abpa r a n, Ah mad z a i , Sa ye d Mir-i-Qala-i-Ahmad zai,
Sangar Khel Geran, Taj Khan, Bahadur Khel , Sa f e d Sang, Ab Bazak,
Tari Gut , Seya Bini, Qala-i-Nazer, Qarya-i-Qoli, Langar, Ghal Dara,
Kar e z, S u r k h Ab, Dara-i -Sur k h Ab, Qala-i-KO hna-i-Sur k h Ab,
Rahimabad, Qanat-i-Malik, S h e r Af g han, and Bini Shi r Af g han. (LWA)
In 1914 t h e vi l l a ge was d e s c r i b e d a s f ol l ows : A vi l l age i n t he
n o r t h e r n por t i on of t h e Logar val l ey, and on t h e l e f t bank of t hat
r i ver . It is 8 m i l e s nor t h o f t h e Tangi Waghjan and about 23 miles
s o u t h o f Kabul. I t c o n s i s t s of t h r e e d e t a c h e d por t i ons , and in 1880
t h e i nha bi t a nt s , who were Taj i ks, number ed 200 fami l i es. The land
i n t h e ne i ghbor hood is ve r y r i c h l y c ul t i va t e d, and t h e appl es of
Muhammad Aga a r e s a i d t o b e f i n e s t i n Af ghani s t an. (Euan Smith,
I.B.C.)
MUHAMMADAK
d b
33-9 67-25 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Arghandab,
s out hwe s t of t h e Dasht-i-Naw er i n G hazni pr ovi nce.
*MUHAMMAD ALI 2-
32-43 68-18 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a bout hal f way bet ween ~hoshamand
and J a n i k h e l i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
MUHAMMAD ALI KHAN dL&-
34- 69-. A s m a l l wal l ed vi l l a ge i n t h e Kabul d i s t r i c t , 1-1/2 miles
from t h e Bala Hissar on t h e e a s t s i d e of t h e Kabul-Charasia road.
It was bur nt by t h e Br i t i s h on t h e 1 3 t h of December 1879.
(I.B.C-)
*MUHAFWAD AMIN
32- 42 68-22 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d some 8 miles e a s t of ~hoshamand
and s o u t h we s t o f J a n i k h e l i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
*MUHAMMAD DI N KALAI J* J-
32-46 68-47 m. A vi l l a qe l oc a t e d about 5 miles nor t h of Maryani i n
sout her n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
*MUHAMMAD DOST
* #J-
32-50 68-29 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a f e w m i l e s s o u t h e a s t of Khair Kot
i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
*MUHAMMAD HASAN irc~-
32-48 68-28 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d n o r t h e a s t o f J a ni khe l and south of
Khair Kot i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
MUHAMMAD HUSAIN W-
34- 70-. A f o r t i n t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t , s i t u a t e d 1 5 miles from
~ a l a l a b a d .
MUHAMMAD IRAKI Or MAHMUD RAQI
( &J=- 1 $PJ-
35-0 69-21. A t o wn s h i p s o u t h e a s t o f Us ht ar gi r an i n t h e Char i kar
di s t r i c t , s o u t h o r s o u t h e a s t o f Karezi, a n o t h e r l a r g e t o wn s h i p s o u t h
or s out he a s t o f Kham-i-Zardgar. Muhammad I r aki is sai d t o c o n s i s t
of Murad Khwaja, Sayyi d Khan, Malikji Baba Al i , Muhammad Umar Khel ,
Kalotar, Badi, Kalacha, Kazi Khel, Sayyi dani , Soghal , Pur di l Khan
Shahbaz Khel, Sh e r Khan, Jamchi , Sa i f uddi n Khel, Khudayar Khel ,
Mulla Faki r Khel, W a l l Khel, Mulla Khel, Ali Khel, Mulla Zat Khel,
A l i Khel (2), Hashur Khel, Malik Ahmad Khan, Ghani Khel, Sarban,
Kazah, Kham-i-Robah, and Rahman Khel. Tot al 2,000 h o u s e s of Saf i s .
Ther e a r e o r c h a r d s r ound t h e vi l l ages . ( Shah zada Taimus.)
MUHAMMAD KARI M KHAN &&-
A f o r t i ncl uded in Deh-i-Murad Khan, Cha r de h val l ey. Four t o we r s
and a l a r ge h o u s e ove r t h e g a t e whi ch f a c e s t h e r i ve r . I nhabi t ant s :
Tajiks, 1 5 hous e s . (I.B.C.)
*MUHAMMAD KHAN KALAI $&A
32-42 68-59 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e Zawar Lgad in Pakt i a pr ovi nc e
anot her pl ace wi t h t h i s name is be t we e n Marjana and Wazakhwa i n
Ghazni pr ovi nce, a t 32-10 68-18 m.
*MUHAMMAD KHEL &h
32-19 67-51 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d west of Nawa and s o u t h of t h e Ab-
i -Ist ada i n G hazni pr ovi nce.
MUHAMMAD KHWA J A #+\+.rcr
A main s e c t i on o f t h e Hazaras. A vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is i n t h e
Gulbahar ar ea i n Parwan, a t 35-6 69-16 G. (LWA)
MUHAMMAD KICHAH See ZARSANG
*u,,
MUHAMMAD SADIK KHAN
"L ~ J L &
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge in t h e Kama di vi s i on of t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t .
I nhabi t ant s: Hind k i s and Taj i ks. ( Jenkyns. )
MUHAMMAD SHAH KHAN
" L* Lh
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge in t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t , 13 miles w e s t o f
Gandamak; it lies on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Sur kha b r i ve r and f or ms
one of t h e Hi sarak gr oup of vi l l a ge s i n t h e Ghi l zai count r y. The
i nhabi t ant s a r e Jabar Khel Ghi l zai s. (I.B.C.) A p a s s wi t h t h i s name
i s l ocat ed nor t h of Jabal ussar aj , a t 35-18 69-7 G. (LWA)
MUHAMMAD SHAH KHAN
"LL&
34-29 69-15. A s m a l l vi l l age in t h e Kabul d i s t r i c t , on t h e l e f t bank
of t h e Logar r i ve r , be t we e n Bini Hisar and Bagrami. ~ n h a b i t a n t s :
Ta j i ks . (I.B.c.)
MUHAMMAD UMAR HLL.
34-
69-. One of t h e Ri s h k h o r f o r t s i n t h e Cha r de h val l ey of Kabul.
(I.B.C.)
MUHAMMAD USMAN KHAN
"L.ls4.h
34- 69-. A small vi l l age in Cha r de h val l ey, 1 mile w e s t of Deh-i-
Mozang on t h e G hazni road. I nhabi t ant s: Ki zi l bashi s. (I.B.C.)
MURMARG
A p l a c e i n t h e Besud count r y. ( Mai t l and. )
*MUIN KALAI pi*...
32-56 69-23 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d s o u t h of Giyan and e a s t of Urgun
i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
MUKADAM
A s ubs e c t i on of t h e Yanghur c l a n of Dai Zangi s.
MUKASHRAK *A
33-30 68-25. A vi l l a ge 4 miles s o u t h of Ghazni , on t h e road of
Kandahar. (Thornt on. )
MUKHBIL Or MAKHBIL J&
33-50 69-56. A val l ey on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Kurram river, about
17 m i l e s w e s t o f Kurram f o r t . I t r u n s down t o t h e r i ver in a north-
we s t e r l y di r e c t i on. A r a n g e o f h i l l s s e p a r a t e s it on t h e west from
t h e Chakmani val l ey. I t c ont a i ns t h e vi l l a ge s of Matwar, Hasan Khel
and Woraki. The f ol l owi ng is a r e c onna i s s a nc e r e p o r t on t h e valley
by Li e ut e na nt Kane, d a t e 9 t h J u n e 1879:
Pa r t y c o n s i s t e d of Major-General Robe r t s , C.B., V.C., and s t a f f ,
wi t h an e s c o r t o f 200 sabres 1 2 t h Bengal Cavalry.
From t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Kurram r i ve r , a bout 17 miles above the
Kurram f o r t , t h i s val l ey r u n s s o u t h e a s t . The r i ve r is her e easily
f or da bl e , its d e p t h n o t mor e t ha n 2 1/2 f e e t , bottom of rough
s t one s . Af t e r heavy r ai n t h e i nc r e a s e d d e p t h and f o r c e of t h e tor-
r e n t ( al ways ve r y r a pi d) woul d r e n d e r c r o s s i n g danger ous .
1st m i l e . The p a t h a s c e n d s from t h e r i ve r al ong t h e base of t he
h i l l s on t h e w e s t , a nd, c r o s s i n g t h e val l ey, d e s c e n d s i nt o a dry
nala, some 200 y a r d s wi de; its b a n k s a r e ve r y s t e e p , about 30 f eet
i n h e i g h t .
A pa r t y moving al ong t h i s nala c a nnot b e s e e n from t h e ground above.
The o u t l e t o f t h i s nala is n o t ve r y c l e a r l y d e f i n e d ; s out h of t he
vi l l a ge o f Matwar t h e gr ound is much br oke n, by r eas on of its sof t er
na t ur e , d e e p l y f i s s u r e d by t h e d r y c ha nne l s of r ai n t or r e nt s .
Abr east o f and beyond t h e vi l l age, t h e val l ey h a s a wi dt h of some
1, 500 ya r ds ; t o t h e w e s t of t h e nala f o r a d i s t a n c e of about 1,000
y a r d s from t h e s t e e p e r s l o p e s of t h e pr oj e c t i ng s p u r s , t h e ground
f a l l s gr adual l y t o wa r d s t h e c e n t e r of t h e val l ey; t h e sur f ace i s
c o v e r e d wi t h s h o r t , c oa r s e , d r y g r a s s t h e f o l d s o f t h e ground alone
a f f o r d i n g c ove r ; t h e s p a c e of a si mi l ar c h a r a c t e r t o t h e e a s t is but
300 y a r d s wi de. Caval ry and i n f a n t r y can move in any formation, guns
maki ng u s e of t h e nala a s a r oad.
2nd mi l e . I n t h e c e n t e r l ong g r a s s and s c a nt y b u s h e s cover t h e bed
of t h e nala. Above it t h e gl a c i s - l i ke gr ound, now narrowi ng t o about
500 y a r d s , is c l o t h e d wi t h hol l y s c r ub, many b u s h e s a s much as 10
f e e t i n h e i g h t , wh i c h o b s t r u c t a l l vi e w; t h e s u r f a c e is still
s moot h, and t h e s c r u b is n o t s u f f i c i e n t l y t h i c k t o hi nder t h e Pas-
s a g e o f t r o o p s of a l l arms.
On t h e l e f t t h e h i l l s now ove r ha ng t h e e d g e of t h e nala.
3r d mi l e . The wi dt h of t h e nala gr adual l y d e c t e a s e s ; from it a deep
r avi ne r u n s in a s o u t h e a s t e r l y di r e c t i on, its s i d e s cover ed wi t h
s c r ub.
4 t h and 5 t h m i l e s . The nala ope ni ng o u t now bi f ur c a t e s , t h e wi der
br anch r unni ng i n t o t h e Musa Khel c ount r y, t h e nar r ower Preserves
t h e name of Mukhbil. On t h e l e f t t h e h i l l s s l o p e di r e c t l y down to
t h e bank; on t h e r i g h t t h e y r e c e d e t o some di s t a nc e ; t h e intermed-
i a t e s p a c e is ve r y br oke n and c ove r e d wi t h s c r ub.
6t h mi l e . Above t h e nala on t h e r i g h t , but uns e e n from it, is a
broad l e ve l pa t c h of wel l - cul t i vat ed gr ound, and its f u r t h e r b o r d e r
is t h e vi l l age of Hasan Khel; t h e gr ound beyond is ve r y br oke n.
7t h mi l e . From t h e main nala a ve r y narrow and t o r t u o u s r avi ne r u n s
east ; its ba nks are a b o u t 2Of eer : h i g h , t h e bot t om of f i n e gr a ve l
forms a good pa t h, whi ch l e a d s t o t h e mi ser abl e vi l l age of Woraki.
~ t s s i t uat i on commands a good vi ew of t h e val l ey t o t h e s o u t h e a s t .
Water is of bad qua l i t y and ve r y s c a r c e ; a l a r g e p i e c e of gr ound
al r eady t i l l e d lies wai t i ng f o r its f e r t i l i s i n g i nf l ue nc e .
Return r out e. Thi s l ay pa r t l y ove r t h e h i g h gr ound and t h r o u g h t h e
f l our i s hi ng vi l l age of Hasan Khel; it c a l l s f o r no s p e c i a l r emar k.
~ e d u c t i o n . The p a s s a g e of t h i s por t i on o f t h e Mukhbi l val l ey f o r
t r oops of al l ar ms is e a s y and s a f e , pr ovi de d t h a t t h e pr e c a ut i ons ,
usually t a ke n on t h e l i n e of march, a r e obs e r ve d. The c ount r y i n a l l
di r e c t i ons can b e e f f e c t u a l l y s c our e d by caval r y. Di st ance, a ppr oxi -
mately, from t h e Kurram r i ve r t o Woraki vi l l age, 7 mi l e s .
In r e f e r e n c e t o t h e a b o v e Mr. J. S. Donal d, on s p e c i a l d u t y i n
Kurram, says:
"This ( t h e Mukhbi l val l ey) must be t h e Zegar val l ey i n whi ch t h e s e
v i l l a g e s a r e l o c a t e d . Th e p r i n c i p a l v a l l e y s i n h a b i t e d b y t h e
Mukhbils ar e t hos e of Ghozghari and Zegar. By t h e r ecent demarcation
Ghozg har i is now on t h e Br i t i s h s i d e of t h e f r ont i er . "
The Muk hbi l s ar e subdi vi ded t hus:
Musa Khel Sul t a k
Hasan Khel Ahmad Khel
Boba k i
I t is i mpor t ant t o not e t h a t t h e Ahmad Khel and Bobaki s e c t i o n s l i ve
in Ghozghar i , t h e r emai ni ng s e c t i o n s a r e Af ghan s ubj e c t s . (Kane,
Donald. )
&MUKHTAR ,L
32-53 68-34 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d s o u t h we s t of Yahyakhel and nor t h-
e a s t of Khair Kot i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
MUKUR ;I
32-52 67-47 A. Mukur is a wol eswal i in Ghazni pr ovi nce. The wol es-
w a l i c ompr i s e s an a r e a o f 815 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s and h a s an agr i cul -
t ur al popul at i on t h a t ha s been e s t i ma t e d a t from 9,087 t o 21,340.
The woleswali is bounded in t h e west by Jaghori, in t h e s out hwes t by
Gilan, in t h e s o u t h e a s t by Kila, i n t h e e a s t by Ab Band, and i n t h e
nor t h by Qarabagh. Mukur ha s about 80 vi l l a ge s , 14 o f whi ch have
more t han 500 i nha bi t a nt s . The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d in t h e PG a s
f ol l ows: Rabo Khel, Ak hund Khel, Qala-i-Abul, Ak h t a r Khel, A zal
Khel, Ana Khel, Bazid Khel, Buzak, Bahawuddi n, Tayef Khel, Tangi ,
Jani Khel, J oj ha (Hajum Jaj a) , Char Deh, Chambar-i-Mahmud, Chambar-
i-Mulla Sul t an (Chambar-i-Sayed Khan), Chambar-i-Mulla Tur, C h o r i
Khel, Qala-i-Khudaye Nazar Khan, Hamed Khel, Qala-i-Khudada-i-Gada
Khel, Diwalak, Qala-i-Rahmani, Sar Chashma, Qala-i-Tokhi, Set ar-i -
Gada Khel , Qarya-i-Baz Moh' d, Nanga-i -Dol ana Sa n g a r ( Nanga- i -
Doland), Sulaimanzai, Samand Ya Rahman ( ~al a- i - Samand) , Shal i Khel,
Seh Ganili, Sai do Khail, Se h Gacha, Shah Alam Khel, Shah Moh'd Khel
Larga, Shabnam, Shamak Khel, Qaya-i-Abd ul Majid, Qala-i-Ezat, Alam
Khel-i-Moh'd Khel, Ri de1 Khel, Eesa Khel, Mana Khel, A t i Khel-i-
Gads-Khel, Azg har Khel-i-Bala, Bahrah Khan Khel, Qala-i-Abbas, Shamo
Khel-i-Chambar-i- ama an, Qala-i-Namdar, Qandahari , Qala-i-Qamaruddin,
Qarya-i-Gala, Gul Khel-i-Bala, Gul Khel-i-Payin, Qala-i-Gudam, Gado
Khel, Shabnam Larg ha, Lalam, Qarya-i-Manak, Ahmad Khel, C hambar-i-
Mohod. Gul, C hambar-i-Mad o, Moqarab Khel-i-Larga, Malang K he1 (Mana-
Khel), Mala Khel, Momin Khel, Qala-i-Musa Jan, Mirza Khel, Nazer
Khel, Qarya-i-Nau Khuni, Nau-Ruzi, C hambar-i-Hashim, Hela1 ~ h ~ l ,
Qala-i-Yar Beg, Azghar ~he l - i - Sha ma l i ( Azghar Khel-i-pain), Khans
Dar - ha, Nauabad, Qar ya- i - Dogha, Ch a g a , Ahmad Khel , Babu Qala,
Khudzai , Dolant, Mulla Khel , and Lalan. (LWA) I n 1914 t h e area was
d e s c r i b e d a s f ol l ows :
"The d i s t r i c t of Mukur," s a y s Molloy, "lies be t we e n t h e foI.lowing
poi nt s : On t h e nor t h t h e t e r r i t o r y of t h e J a g h u r Hazaras and a
l i t t l e e a s t of it Obah, on t h e s o u t h e r n boundar y a r e K a l a - i - ~ u r t ~ ~ ~
Khan and Gari, w e s t a r e Shi nka i and A 0 Ghoj an, and on t h e eas t Badam
Kecha and t h e t e r r i t o r y of t h e Suha i l Khel Ghi l zai s. In Mukur i t sel f
and its i mmedi at e vi c i ni t y a r e s e t t l e d t h e A l i Khel and Khudzai
s e c t i o n o f Sulaiman Khel Ghi l zai s; i n t h e d i s t r i c t t h e vi l l ages are
c h i e f l y t h o s e of t h e Tar aki Ghi l zai s. The r e ve nue of Mukur amounts
t o R s . 40, 000, and it c ont a i ns be t we e n 4, 000 t o 5,000 houses." The
e l e va t i on o f t h e c e n t r e por t i on of t h e d i s t r i c t a ve r a ge s about 6, 500
f e e t . Mukur i t s e l f is 6, 561 f e e t , Karez-i-Obah i n t h e nor t h of t he
d i s t r i c t is 6, 986 f e e t , whi l e Murtaza on its s o u t h e r n boundary i s
6, 369 f e e t . Mansur Khan is Hakim a t t h e p r e s e n t time (1895).
The h e a d q u a r t e r s of t h e d i s t r i c t is Mukur; g r a s s and f or age are said
t o be pr oc ur a bl e h e r e i n abundance. Wheat and bar l ey a r e principally
c ul t i va t e d; g o a t s , s h e e p , c a t t l e , etc., a r e s ai d t o be k e p t in large
number s; b u t a s t h e vi l l a ge s i n 1880 were all d e s e r t e d , neither
s u p p l i e s n o r l i v e - s t o c k were o b t a i n a b l e f o r o u r t r o o p s . The
Kandahar-Kabul main r oad r u n s t h r o u g h t h e c e n t r e of t h i s di st r i ct .
The r oad, whi c h a s f a r a s Mukur f ol l ows t h e val l ey of t h e ~a r na k,
was t r a v e r s e d by whe e l e d a r t i l l e r y bot h i n t h e f i r s t Af g han war and
i n t h e 1879-80 campai gn. Mukur is s ai d t o be a well-cultivated
d i s t r i c t ; its a ppe a r a nc e , howe ve r , is not a t t r a c t i v e owing t o t he
d e f i c i e n c y of trees. (Molloy, I.B.C.) Al so see " ~a r a ki . "
MU KU R h
32-52 67-47 m. El evat i on 6, 561 f e e t . The c h i e f pl ace in t h e Mukur
d i s t r i c t , d i s t a n t 64 m i l e s f r om Gh a z n i , 70 miles f r om Kalat-i-
Ghi l zai , and s i t u a t e d on t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e Tarnak. Grass and
f o r a g e a r e pr oc ur a bl e h e r e i n g r e a t abundance, a s w e l l a s grain of
a l l k i n d s , g o a t s , s h e e p and c ows , and t h e r i ve r is famous f or f i sh.
Some 10 or 12 miles t o t h e w e s t o f Mukur is Shi nkai , where Amir
Abdur Rahrnan e s t a b l i s h e d a s m a l l cant onment t h e gar r i s on of which
C O ~ S ~ S ~ S o f 1 s qua dr on caval r y, 2 o r 3 ba t t a l i ons i nf ant r y, 4 moun-
t ai n g u n s and 600 kha s a da r s .
Near t h e vi l l a ge is a h i g h r oc k, a t t h e ba s e of whi ch is a pool of
wat er s u p p l i e d by s i x or s e v e n s p r i n g s , whi ch a r e t h e s our ce of t he
r i ve r Tarnak. On t h e b o r d e r s o f t h e pool is a t h i c k clump of willow
and a s h t r e e s , unde r t h e s h a d e of whi ch is a s h r i n e de di c a t e d t o t he
memory of Sha i kh Muhammad Rawani, a c e l e br a t e d s a i nt of t h i s place
who d i e d some c e n t u r i e s a g o . ( E l p h i n s t o n e , Be l l e w, road f oot ,
I.B.C.)
MULAGORI
&
A f e w f ami l i es of t h i s t r i b e l i v e wi t h t h e Sangu Khel shi nwar i s. See
"Shinwari. " A d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e Mul agor i s is gi ven in t h e N. W. F.
Ga z e t t e e r .
HULA I MPUR &
A vi l l a ge in t h e Sur kha b di vi s i on of t h e Jalalabad di s t r i c t . 1nhabi-
t a nt s : Ghi l zai s. ( Thi s pl a c e is a l s o known a s ~ a l a - i - ~ h a l i k d a d . 1
MULRABAD J&T dl.
A vi l l a ge i n t h e Logar d i s t r i c t , 45 miles s o u t h of Kabul. Thence
t h e r e is a r oad i n t o t h e Kha r wa r di s t r i c t . (Outram.)
MULKI
A s e c t i on of t h e Pol ada Hazar as.
MULKYUB
+&
"Three t hous a nd f ami l i es o f Nasir Powi ndahs l i v e i n t h e Mulkyub
- .- ~
hi l l s , " was a s t a t e me n t ma de t o Ge n e r a l Cha mbe r l a i n b y some
powi ndahs. The s e h i l l s a r e not not i c e d by any o t h e r a ut hor i t y.
MULLA ABBAS KALA
CTGX
34- 68-. A s m a l l f o r t i f i e d haml et i n t h e Shi bar val l ey, about 4 1/2
west of t h e Shi bar Pass. A t t h i s poi nt t h e r oad l e a di ng i n t o t h e
~ i r g a l i c h Dara and ove r t h e Jalrnish Kotal, br a nc he s o f f from t h e
main Shibar-Bamian r oad. (I.B.C.)
*MULLA AGHAJAN & &T)L
32-51 67-53 m. A vi l l a ge about 7 m i l e s n o r t h e a s t o f Mukur and e a s t
of t he highway t o Ghazni in Ghazni province.
MULLA AYAN
A v i l l a g e i n t h e Bamian va l l e y. ( Mai t l and. )
MULLA BASHIR AX
A vi l l age in t h e Sur kha b di vi s i on of t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t , a t t h e
conf l uence of t h e Rud-i-Kambu and Kabul r i ver . I nhabi t ant s : Dehgans.
(Jenkyns . )
MULLA GHAFUR & a m
34- 69-. A vi l l a ge in t h e Cha r de h val l ey, Kabul d i s t r i c t , 2 miles
wes t of Aoshar. (I.B.C.)
MULLAKHA $ill.
A vi l l age 90 m i l e s s o u t h we s t of Ghazni , on a r o u t e t o Kandahar.
(Thornton.)
MULLA KHEL See POWINDAH &)L
*MULLA KHEL &X
34-23 71-1 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d in t h e Nazar khel ar ea, nor t h o f
Lalpura i n e a s t e r n Nangar har pr ovi nce. Ot her pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name
a r e l ocat ed 1 m i l e w e s t o f Kota-i-Ashro on t h e Maidan r i ve r in
Maidan pr ovi nce, a t 34-27 68-46 m.; s o u t h e a s t of Sarobi , s o u t h o f
t h e road t o Kabul, i n Kabul pr ovi nce, a t 34-29 69-39 m.
MULLA KHEL
33-10 68-6 G. A vi l l a ge in t h e ~ a n n a h d i s t r i c t , Ghi l zai count r y. I t
is i nhabi t ed by Andar and Tar aki Ghi l zai s mi xed. Water is f ound near
it, but s u p p l i e s a r e s c a r c e . (Broad foot . )
MULLA MUHAMMAD GUL CdJ-X
A vi l l age in t h e Sur kha b di vi s i on of t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t . Inhabi -
t ant s: G hi l zai s. ( Jen k yns.)
MULLA MUHAMMAD GUL LdJ-L
34- 70-. A v i l l a g e i n t h e Ch a p r i a r d i v i s i o n o f t h e J al al abad
di s t r i c t . I nhabi t ant s : G hi l zai s. ( Jen kyns. )
MULLA YAKUB +*L
34- 69-. A l a r g e vi l l age in t h e Cha r de h val l ey, 2 miles w e s t of
~ e h - i - ~ o z a n g and 1/2 m i l e n o r t h o f t h e Ghazni road. Inhabitants:
Taj i ks. (Kennedy. ) A p a s s wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 34-24
67-43
A. (LWA)
+MULLAYAN " 6 1
34-20 69-25 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d s o u t h o f t h e Khur kabul and south-
w e s t o f Khak-i-Jabbar i n Kabul pr ovi nce. Ot he r pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name
a r e l oc a t e d s ome 3 miles s o u t h w e s t o f Sar obi , on t h e road t o Kabul,
i n Kabul pr ovi nc e , a t 34-33 69-43 m.; 3 m i l e s nor t h of Maryan Majan
and s o u t h e a s t o f Ghazni i n Ghazni pr ovi nce, a t 33-19
68-50 m.; some
12 m i l e s we s t - s out h w e s t o f Ga r de z and nor t h o f Hai bat khel in Paktia
pr ovi nc e , a t 33-33 69-2 m.
MULLA ZARIB KHAN rjL &)l.
34-29 69-15. A s m a l l vi l l a ge on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Logar river,
be t we e n Bagrami and Bi ni Hi sar, i n t h e ne i ghbor hood of Kabul. Inhab-
i t a nt s : Par s i wans. (Kennedy. )
* MUMA '9'
33-14 67-23 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d near Gosha and s out heas t of
Aimaytu i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
MUMAK 4
35- 69-. A vi l l a ge 4 miles n o r t h of t h e Bazarak p a s s over t h e Hindu
Kush, c o n s i s t i n g of 33 h o u s e s o f men of Bazarak. (Leech. )
MUMAN See MADUGAL
MUMARAK 49
34- 67-. A f o r t vi l l a ge in t h e Bamian d i s t r i c t , s i t ua t e d on t he
s ha l l ow, gr a ve l l y s t r eam whi c h d r a i n s t h e Shahi dan gl en. On t he
o p p o s i t e bank is t h e s ma L l f o r t o f Alaf. The t wo t o g e t h e r contain 40
f ami l i es of Hazaras. (Maitland .)
MUMRAK
A s e c t i o n of Kapt asan Besud Hazar as.
MUNAL &P
A f o r t i n t h e Cha r de h val l ey of Kabul be t we e n Aosar and ~ala-i-Haji
Yusuf . For t y f ami l i es of Ta j i ks and Barakzai s. Nine t ower s. Water
f r om a kar ez. (I.B.C.)
MUNARA
4,b
34-47 67-46 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d some 5 m i l e s s o u t h we s t of ~ami an
and n o r t h e a s t o f Qazan i n Bamian pr ovi nce.
MUNGUL
4Y
A Madugal Kafi r vi l l a ge of 40 h o u s e s i n t h e nala o f t h e same name,
some d i s t a n c e f r om, and o u t o f s i g h t o f , t h e r i g h t bank of t h e
Ba s hgul r i ver . ( Rober t son. )
MURAD BEG 4 J'P
34-39 69-5 m. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Koh Daman, 2 miles west of t h e Mama
Khat un K o M . I t c ont a i ns 100 hous e s , and is c e l e br a t e d f or its
Po t t e r y , in whi ch commodi t y t h e r e is a c ons i de r a bl e t r ade. Kafilas
us ual l y make t h i s t h e f i r s t s t a g e (12 1/2 miles) from Kabul On t h e
r oad t o Badak h s h a n via t h e Khawak pa s s . (Ki nl och, I.B.C.)
*MURAD KHAN
"LJP
33-48 68-16 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d n o r t h we s t o f Babur and west of
Jaghat u i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
MURAD KHAN "L di p
34- 69-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Cha r de h val l ey of Kabul, on t h e l e f t bank
of t h e r i ve r be t we e n Guzar gah and Deh-i-Dana. I nhabi t ant s : Barak zai s
and Taj i ks. The r e a r e a bout 2000 h o u s e s in t h e pl ace and f our f o r t s ,
vi z:
(1) Kala-i-Muhammad Karim Khan ( Bar akzai )
( 2 ) Kala-i-Sukar-Ullah Khan ( Bar akzai )
( 3) Kala-i-Ma1 i k Kurban (Ta j i k)
( 4 ) Kal a- i - Janai (Ta j i k ) ( I .B.C.)
MURAD KHAN1 &La\,
34-29 69-15. A s m a l l vi l l age in t h e Kabul d i s t r i c t , 2 miles e a s t
of Bini Hisar, and c l o s e t o t h e l e f t bank of t h e Logar r i ver . The
i nhabi t ant s a r e Ki zi l bashi s. (Kennedy. )
MURCHA KHEL ( ~ f r ) d!- *,P
A vi l l age in Laghman. I nhabi t ant s : Taj i ks. I t c ont a i ns t h e f ol l owi ng
hamlets:
(1) Kala-i-Mian Sahi b
( 2) Andarwan. (Warburton. )
MURCHAL &J-
34-3 70-45 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e road nor t h t o Ghani khel and t h e
Tor k ham-Jalalabad r oad i n Nangarhar pr ovi nce.
MURGH GIRAN "'A t~
34-28 69-1 m. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Kabul d i s t r i c t , on t h e n o r t h e r n
s l ope of t h e Korogh mount ai n, a bout 3 m i l e s s out h of Kala-i-Kazi.
I nha bi t a nt s : Adramzais. (I.B.C.)
MURKI KHEL See MARKI KHEL
J e JP
MURSAL Or J I LGA 3-P
33- 68-. A vi l l age on t h e r oad be t we e n Ghazni and Dawar, and immed-
i at el y bet ween Kala-i-Nazar Khan a nd Band. Th e v i l l a g e J i l g a is
commonly cal l ed Mursal from t h e pyrami dal r ock of t h a t name s ai d t o
have been t hr own on t o t h e vi l l age site by Al i . (McLean.)
MURTAZA A
Elevation 6, 369 f e e t . A vi l l age bet ween Pumba and Mukur, 12 miles
from t h e l a t t e r and a bout 60 from t h e f or mer . (I.B.C.)
MURTI
A s e c t i on of t he Pol ada Hazar as.
*MUSA DARA ' ) a 0
35-12 67-26 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d about 3 m i l e s w e s t of Ergana and
some 15 miles w e s t of Sai ghan i n nor t he r n Bamian pr ovi nce.
MUSAI $&-9
34- 69-. A smal l vi l l age in Logar d i s t r i c t , on t h e l e f t bank of
t h. e Logar r i ve r , about 1 3 miles from Kabul. I nhabi t ant s: Husain
Khel.9. (I.B.C.)
* ~ S A KALAI Pep
32-37 68-5 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d s ome 1 0 mi l e s s o u t h w e s t o f
Khoshamand and a f e w miles n o r t h e a s t of Dila in Ghazni pr ovi nce.
*MUSA KHEL LWP
33-7 68-17 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d s o u t h e a s t of Bat ur i n t h e Sardeh Rud
val l ey o f ~ h a z n i pr ovi nce. Ot he r pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name ar e located
on t h e Lazha Khwar, some 6 miles s o u t h o f Lazha i n Pakt i a province,
a t 33-41 69-37 m.; a bout 5 m i l e s s o u t h of Mukur i n Ghazni province,
a t 32-45 67-47 m.
*MUSA KHEL &@P
33-33 69-44. Musa Khel is a wo l e s wd i i n Pakt i a province. The
wol eswal i c o mp r i s e s an a r e a o f 410 s q u a r e ki l omet er s and has an
a gr i c ul t ur a l popul a t i on t h a t t h a s be e n e s t i ma t e d a t from 12,513 to
21,937. The wol es wal i is bounde d i n t h e w e s t by Sayed Karam, in the
s o u t h by Qal andar , i n t h e s o u t h e a s t by Khos t and Nader Shah ~ o t , in
t h e e a s t by Sa r ot i and i n t h e nor t h by J ani Khel and Lajmangal. Muss
Khel h a s some 72 vi l l a ge s , 11 o f whi ch have more t han 500 inhabi-
t a nt s . The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows: Patak, Girnai
(Mulla Matkai, Mulla Tangai ) , Ayebe Alang ( I be) , Y or ukai , Margha
G h a l a n g , Tar ka ( Tar ka i ) , K h a r l o t a i , Kombar ai , Waya (Warya), Sur
( Sur kal ai ) , Ts apar ai ( Khapar ai ) , Tangai , Sandai , Khojol Lasti, LO^
C h e s t u n (C hest un- i - Ul ya) , Kam kai Ch e s t u n (Chest un-i -Sufl a), Narai
Moti (Mashrai Mati), Paru Khel ( Pacha Khel ) , Kharkai, Zenda Mela,
Sh e g a i ( Shaga) , Khosmand, Prang Khola, Ayub Khel, Shenai , Khiyali
Kala, Kaho Khola, Mewah Kahol, Hawas Kahol, ( Yahosh Kahol), Adam
Kahol , Maram Kahol Laj a, Dr ay Khan Kahol (Darya Khan Laja), Zar
Kahol, Mugag, Bechi Kot, Saydal i Kahol (Sayd Kahol), Gerdi Khola,
Si t ka i , Lador Khola, Lakarai , Zhawrah ( Pai dah Zhawarah), Sotkan (Sur
Kanai) , Sur Lador , Yarg hamalay (Arg hamal), Zol Kot, Kossin Khola,
Pal ah, Khi rai , Mador (Marawar), Khan Kahol, Woreshmina (Warshina),
C hakar ai , Tam k e , Mana Kahol, ~ e r i r a h ( Zer i r ai ) , Kezha Kai (Kagai
De z a ) , Woch Pe r r a i , Gh o z a k , ~ a n z i Kal ai , Ghoyba, Miran, Kamkai
Mazghor , Loy Mazghor , Shakhal , Khos hhal , Lowarah, ~ a b t i - i - ~ i n a Khel,
Khod k a i ( Ayub K hel - i - Bal a) , Gi z ha , Mi r zah Kahol , G har r ay ~ a l a i ,
Gul a g Gol z a , Nar ai Meti, Ein Qala, ~ i r Za ki , ~ o g a i , ~ a l i m ~ a h o l ,
Khwashidak, and Esmat Zhuwar.
MUSA KHEL
A s ubdi vi s i on of t h e Sohak Ghi l z a i s . (Kane.)
MUSA KHEL &J~P
33-22 68-11 A. A vi l l a ge be t we e n Pannah and Kala Kharoti. It
be l onge d t o Meht ar Musa, a Ghi l zai c h i e f who t hr e a t e ne d t h e British
camp b e f o r e t h e f a l l of Ghazni in 1839. H e a f t e r wa r d s submitted t o
Outram, who v i s i t e d t h i s pl ace. (Broad f oot . )
MUSAL
J-P
34- 69-. A vi l l a ge in t h e Cha r de h val l ey, 5 miles west of Kabul
c i t y and c l o s e t o Jangal ak. I nhabi t ant s : Taj i ks. (I.B.C.)
MUSHAK See SHIBAR
33-49 69-38 A.
*MUSHAK
&
34-25 67-36 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed on t h e Darra-i-Kalankhana, north
of a s e r i e s of r ui ne d t o we r s i n Bamian pr ovi nce.
MUSHAKI See MASHAKI
33-14 68-13 A.
*MUSHKHEL
33-5 68-41 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d some 7 miles s o u t h of Shar an wol es-
wali s e a t and n o r t h e a s t of Yusuf k he1 i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
MUSHKHEL &&P
33- 68-. A v i l l a g e i n Zur mat , a t t h e t h i r d s t a g e f r om Ga r d e z
t owar ds Katawaz. I nhabi t ant s : Sulaiman Khel G hi l zai s. The r e a r e
said t o be 600 h o u s e s i n t h e pl ace, whi ch is s ur r ounde d by a wall
and di t c h, wi t h onl y one ent r ance. I t s t a n d s on hi gh gr ound.
( I .B.C. 1
MUSHTAN
"L
35-5 69-1 G. A s t r a g g l i n g vi l l age wi t h a l a r g e s q u a r e f o r t , in t h e
Kaoshan gl en, a bout 4 miles above its j unct i on wi t h t h e Ghor band
valley. The vi l l age is s ur r ounde d wi t h or c ha r ds . (I.B.C.)
MUSHUNGI A
A vi l l age 5 miles nor t h of t h e Paiwar Kotal, on t h e r oad t o t h e
~ a k a r a i pas. (Gordan.)
MUSTAUFI-ATA-MUHAMMAD &us,&-
34- 69-. A smal l f o r t i n t h e Cha r de h val l ey, 1 m i l e west of Deh-i-
Mozang, on t h e Ghazni-Dawar r oad. The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Andar Chi l -
zais. (McLean.) A vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 33-48 68-
24G. (LWA)
MYAN KHEL See LOHANI
cL; rjL.
NAB1 @
34- 68-. A Ghi l zai vi l l a ge on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Kabul r i ve r ,
about 4 miles bel ow J al r ez. (Wanliss. )
*NAB1 cr*;
34-16 67-10 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Helmand,
near Naogiro and s o u t h e a s t of Panjao i n Bamian pr ovi nce.
*NAB1 KALA *&
32-28 69-12 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on t h e Zaura Lgad in t h e Shki n
area, a f ew m i l e s west of t h e Paki s t ani bor de r i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
N AD AK d&
A s e t t l e me nt of t h e Miramur cl an of Se hpa i Dai Zangi Hazaras.
NADIR DEH *>,A
A v i l l a g e on t he road from Ghazni t o Sh a l l . (Thornt on. )
*NADIR SHAH KOT O r BAT1 KOT
GJ d k , A
33-32 69-44. Nader Shah Kot is an al aqadar i in Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
The al aqadar i c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 405 s qua r e ki l omet er s and ha s an
agr i cul t ur al popul at i on t h a t ha s been es t i mat ed a t from 10, 150 t o
20,135. The al aqadar i s is bounded in t h e w e s t by Jadr an and Shamal,
in t h e s out h by Spe r a h and Tani, in t h e s o u t h e a s t by Mandozi, i n t h e
eas t y by Khost and in t h e nor t h by Musa Khel and Qal andar. Nadir
Shah Kot ha s some 38 vi l l ages , 1 5 of whi ch have more t ha n 500
i nhabi t ant s. The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d in t h e PG a s f ol l ows: Lora
(Lola), Kuz Almarah, Bar Almarah, Pogai , ~ i k h a ( Ki khi ) , Nawi Kot,
Bar Nawi Kot, Kuz Nawi Kot, Nader Shah Kot, Kaprai, ~ a l w a i (Milwail,
Geda Wara, ( Gedar Wala), Shambawat ( Shabawat ) , ~ o l i s i , Kani, Tor
Zawa, Spi nkai Kalandar, ~ a n g a i , Aspi r akai , Dawa Manda, Manzaka,
Glorga ( Shi n Gr oup) , Spi kan ( ~ p i k a n z a i Khel ), Tamboka, Mir Goli (Mir
Goray), Spar Kai ( Chapar ai ) , Bogh Zen1 Khel (Bagh Aka Khel), Soway
~ 0 y e Z a i Khe l , Mukbe l ( Ba gh Muqbe l ) , S h o l g a r , Badal , Worn, Shan
(Khan), Shi n Kalam, Meshkana (Mashkan, Shkun) , I nzar kai (Kambarkai),
~ h o r e s h t a i ( Sul emangul , Suleman Khel ) , Charmi r, Khan wan, Em TOY,
Gowaye, Ghanai and Shashi Ghar.
NAGHLU A
34-37 69-44 A. A vi l l a ge i n Laghman, on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Kabul
r i ve r , o p p o s i t e Sarobi . The ka f i l a r oad from Jalalabad t o Nijrao
and Kohi s t an p a s s e s t h r o u g h t h i s vi l l a ge and t h e r e is an excel l ent
campi ng gr ound he r e . The vi l l a ge lies c l o s e t o t h e r i ver and com-
mands t h e f o r d a c r o s s t o Sar obi , b u t it is o f no s t r e n g t h in i t sel f .
( Hol di ch, I.B.C.)
*NAGHAR KALAI d~
32-19 68-26 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e Bag hl ang Mandeh, east of
t h e Loy Zeri Ghar i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
NAGHARAK-0-TAJIK el&j d,d
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Sur kha b di vi s i on o f t h e Jalalabad dis-
trict, s i t u a t e d on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Kabul r i ve r , about 2 miles
bel ow Zulmabad. I nhabi t ant s : Taj i ks. ( Jen kyns. )
NAHAR-I-FAULAD JY$+
34- 68-. A vi l l a ge i n Lower Maidan, on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Maidan
s t r eam and l yi ng s o u t h we s t of t h e Kor ogh mountain. (I.B.C.)
NAHAR-I-MAS1
&+
34- 70-. A vi l l ge i n t h e Besud di vi s i on of t h e Jalalabad di st r i ct ,
s i t u a t e d on t h e l e f t bank o f t h e Kabul r i ve r o p p o s i t e Kala-i-Babari.
I nha bi t a nt s : Dehgans and Taj i ks. ( Jenkyns. )
NAHAR-I-SHAH1 &+
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Sur kha b di vi s i on of t h e Jalalabad dis-
t r i c t . I nhabi t ant s : Dehgans , Taj i ks , and Arabs. (Jenkyns. )
NAIB KALA
di +L
34- 69-. A s m a l l s q u a r e f o r t , c l o s e t o t h e e a s t e r n end of Sherpur.
In 1880, a f t e r t h e Af ghan army had d i s p e r s e d from be f or e Sherpur,
t h i s pl a c e was oc c upi e d by a por t i on o f t h e 67t h Foot . (I.B.C.1
NAI KALA
A l o c a l i t y i n t h e c ount r y of t h e Chahar Dast a Hazaras.
d u
NA I MAN
A s e c t i o n of t h e Shekh A l i Hazar as.
NA I RUN
A l o c a l i t y i n t h e c ount r y of t h e J a ghur i Hazaras.
NA I TAK
d k
34-46 66-45 A. A wi de and c ul t i va t e d gl e n in t h e Yakh Walang dis-
trict, whi c h d e s c e n d s n o r t h e a s t t o t h e and-i-~mir valley.
There is
a smal l vi l l a ge in t h e mi ddl e, whe r e t h e r i ve r r out e from Firozbahar
c r o s s e s it ( 21 miles bel ow t h e l a t t e r pl ace) , and a walled one on
t h e o p p o s i t e s i de . To t h e l e f t o f , t h a t is above t h e l a t t e r , where a
smal l hol l ow j oi ns t h e gl e n, is a f o r t on t h e e d g e of a plateau*
Above t h i s agai n, and a l s o on t h e f u r t h e r s i d e , is a not he r hamlet-
(Mai t l a nd. )
580
*NAJARAN J J ~
34-39 70-35 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Kunar r i ve r ,
about 3 miles nor t h o f Darrah Nur i n Nangarhar pr ovi nce.
*NAJI &
33-24 68-33 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d some 12 m i l e s s o u t h e a s t of Ghazni
in ~ h a z n i pr ovi nce.
NAJIL
k b
34-53 70-7. A d i s t r i c t i n t h e val l ey of t h e Al i shsang r i ve r , whi ch
is hence somet i mes cal l ed t h e Najil r i ver . I t is s i t u a t e d about t h e
c e nt r e of t h e val l ey, about 1 2 miles above t h e vi l l age of Al i shang.
It is i nhabi t ed by Nimcha Kaf i r s, who, t h o u g h Muhammadans i n r el i -
gi ons, have r e t a i ne d mos t of t h e manner s and c us t oms of t h e i r Kafi r
nei ghbour s. They pay r e ve nue t o t h e Af ghan Gover nor o f Laghman.
(Masson. )
Note.-- Only one Najir is gi ven on t h e map of 1880, and t h a t is
appar ent l y t h e pl a c e t r e a t e d of above; but , i n h i s list of t h e
Laghman vi l l ages . Warburt on ment i ons Najil, i nhabi t ant s : Taj i ks.
See n e x t a r t i c l e .
NAJIL DARA 4CL.l
34-53 70-7 m. A vi l l age i n Laghman cont ai ni ng 12 f o r t s and haml et s,
vi z.
1. Si h Khandeh. 7. Dar at ui
2. Kalwata 8. Shahi
3. Kala- i-Ata Muhammad 9. Dakawato
( c ons i s t i ng of 3 f o r t s )
4. Kotah 10. Dwa Shakh
5. Kaswak 11. Naora and Ulwak
6. Mandul 12. Dun Kroh
The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Taj i ks. ~ar a- i - Naj i l s t a n d s on t h e r oad from
Ghaziabad t o Faraj g han. (Warburton. )
*NAK &
33-56 68-24 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d in t h e Wardag o J a gha t u ar ea,
nor t he a s t of Sar sang i n s o u t h e r n Maidan pr ovi nce.
*NAKAM +5L
33-2 68-11 m. A vi l l age near Manki and some 6 miles e a s t o f Qurban-
khe l i n Ghazni pr ovi nce. Ot her pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name a r e l oc a t e d
some 10 miles s o u t h of Ghazni , a t 33-24 68-29 m.; i n Karezuna ar ea,
nor t he a s t of Matun in Pakt i a pr ovi nce, a t 33-29 69-59 m.; near
Khushamand in Ghazni pr ovi nce, a t 32-25 68-13 m.; s o u t h we s t o f
Yahyakhel and nor t heast of Zarghunshahr in Ghazni province, a t 32-54
68-36 m.
*NAKHI L JrL
32-29 67-39 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d near Buri, w e s t of t h e Ab-i-
I s t ada in s o u t h e r n Ghazni pr ovi nce. Anot her pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is
about 4 miles nor t h of Mukur in Ghazni pr ovi nce, a t 32-51 67-46 m.
*NALA JL
34-2 67-21 m. A vi l l age near Ajar on a t r i but a r y of t h e Helmand in
Bamian pr ovi nce. Ot her pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name a r e l oc a t e d near Mushak
and west of Khar qol , a t 34-26 67-37 m.; near Adamkhel i n Maidan
Pr ovi nce, a t 34-4 68-30 m.; on t h e Arg handab r i ve r in t h e J a ghur i
a r e a i n Ghazni pr ovi nc e , a t 33-9 67-27 m.; near Daru and west-
s o u t h we s t o f Ghazni , a t 33-29 68-10 m.
*NALAI Or NARAI
(d) &
35-13 71-3. Nalai is an a l a qa da r i i n Kunar, now Nangarhar, prov-
i nce. The a l a qa da r i c ompr i s e s an a r e a of 377 s qua r e ki l omet ers and
h a s an a gr i c ul t ur a l popul a t i on t h a t h a s be e n es t i mat ed a t from 2,415
t o 4,668. The a l a qa da r i is bounde d i n t h e west by Kamdesh and Bar
Kunar, on t h e s o u t h b e Dangom, and i n t h e e a s t by Paki st an. Nalai
h a s a bout 27 vi l l a ge s , none of whi ch h a s more t ha n 500 inhabitants,
Th e vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows : Bari kot , Dokalan,
Pa s hi nga r ( ~ a s h i n g ) , I nc ha Gul, Khun No ka s s , Qarya-i-Nali, Liwafi,
Dang p u r , Suna Kala ( Guna Kala) , Mac hmana ( Fanj aba) , Kuchi Gu l ,
Bat as, Se h r a Gul-i-Ulya, C h e h r a h Gul-i-Ulya, Azir Gul(Reza Gu l ) ,
Shabi l i , S h e r g u l Khul, She r gul , Saw (Sahmaw), Shah Mir, Zangar
Gosha, Sa wkhol ( Nawkhol ) , Sha l i kot ( Shai Kot), Sha l Bandah, Shaklit,
Shi nagar , Badani, Qashang, Dolai Khor, Pul Saw, and Khonano Kass.
For t h e vi l l a ge o f Narai b e f o r e 1914, see Nalai.
NALA SHERA
dJ& dh
34- 68-. A vi l l a ge in t h e Sha hi da n gl e n, i n t h e Bamian di st r i ct ,
c ont a i ni ng 20 f ami l i es o f Yanghur Hazaras. (Maitland.)
NALGIS Or NARGIS Jr;
A t a ga o i n t h e Dai Zangi c ount r y. A p a s s wi t h t h i s name is located
a t 34-23 66-52 A. (LWA)
NAMADAK
d&
A vi l a ge i n t h e Yakh Walang d i s t r i c t , near t h e Fi r ozbahar villages,
i nha bi t e d by 20 f ami l i es o f Hazara Sayyi ds. (A.B.C.)
NAMATZAI
&
33- 68-. A vi l l a ge 30 miles s o u t h e a s t o f Ghazni . (Thorton.) A
pl a c e cal l ed Namati is l oc a t e d a t 33-37 68-49 G. (LWA)
"L
NAN
33- 69-. A vi l l a ge 1 5 miles nor t h of Matun, on t h e road t o Jaji
Maidan by t h e Duni Kotal. (Carr.)
NANABAD
,&T "L
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge in t h e Sur kha b di vi s i on o f t h e Jalalabad dis-
t r i c t . I nha bi t a nt s ; Ghi l zai s. ( Jenkyns. )
NANACHI
&L
34- 69-. A vi l l a ge 2 1/2 miles west o f Kabul. Here a r e a succes-
s i on o f l a r g e f o r t s s ur r ounde d by popl a r and f r u i t trees. Shah
Shuj a ha l t e d h e r e pr i or t o h i s t r i umpha l e n t r y i nt o Kabul i n 1839.
I nhabi t ant s : Ki zi l bashi s. The Nanachi p a s s l e a d s from t h e Kabul
pl ai n i n t o t h e Cha r de h val l ey. ( Havel ock, I.B.C.)
NANA I
j L ;
32- 68-. A vi l l a ge a bout 42 miles s o u t h e a s t of Ghazni and near
Dand, c o n s i s t i n g of a g r o u p of f our f o r t s of Andar and Sulaiman Khel
Ghi l zai s. Water is pr ocur abl e. (Broad f oot . )
NANAI GHUND
&+j L
32-57 68-17 m. A vi l l a ge a t t h e f i r s t s t a g e on t h e road sout h of
Pannah, 37 m i l e s s o u t h o f Ghazni t o t h e l a t e r pl ace. Ther e 18 a
f art of t h e Sha ki Khel Ghi l zai neat , and wat er and camel f or age are
pr ocur abl e. (Broad f oot . )
*NANGA
&L
32-28 67-49 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d w e s t o f t h e Ab-i-Istada on t h e
road from Nawa nor t h t o Muqur i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
*NANGALAM A 1 SO see NIMGALAM
34-59 70-55 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d o n t h e Darra-i-Pich, a f e w miles
sout h of Lalm Kat s i n Kunar pr ovi nce.
*NANGARHAR ,w
34-26 70-27. A pr ovi nc e in e a s t e r n Af ghani s t an whi ch c ompr i s e s an
area of 18, 636 s q u a r e k i l o me t e r s a nd an a g r i c u l t u r a l p o p u l a t i o n
est i mat ed a t about 469, 600. The pr ovi nc e is bounded i n t h e w e s t by
Kabul, in t h e nor t h by Lag hman and Kunar, and i n t h e e a s t and s o u t h
by t h e St a t e of Paki st an. Nangarhar is di vi de d i nt o t h e wol eswal i s
of Kamdesh, Bar Kunar, Pi ch, Asadabad, Si r kanai , Chawki , Khas Kunar,
Kauz Kunar, Kama, Gosht a, Jal al abad, Sur kh Rud, Hesar ak, Khugi ani ,
Deh Bala, Rudat , Achi n, Shi nwar , Nazian, and Mohmand Dara, and i n t o
t h e al aqadar i s of Bar gai Matal, Chapa Dara, Dangam, Marawara, Na-
rang, Nur Gu l , Be hs ud, Shi r z a d, Chapar har , Pachi r Aqam, Bat i Kot,
Lalpur, and Dorbaba. The c a p i t a l o f t h e pr ovi nc e is t h e c i t y of
Jalalabad. For wol eswal i lists from t h e Depar t ment of S t a t i s t i c s o f
t h e Mi ni st ry of Agr i c ul t ur e and I r r i ga t i on see t h e t a bl e s bel ow.
For i nf or mat i on pr i or t o 1914, see Ni ngrahar.
*NANGI KHEL b&
34-52 69-10 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d near t h e r oad from Kabul t o Char i -
kar in nor t he r n Kabul pr ovi nce.
*NANGRAHAR See NANGARHAR and NINGRAHAR A 4
NAN I j L
33-23 68-21. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Shi l gha r d i s t r i c t of t h e Ghi l zai
count r y, 12 m i l e s f r om Ghazni. I t is a l a r g e pl ace, and t h e r e a r e
s ever al o t h e r f o r t s in t h e vi ci ni t y i nhabi t ed by Andar Ghi l zai s.
Grass and f o r a g e f o r camel s a r e pl e nt i f ul , and wat er is abundant and
good from a kar ez. The vi l l age is s ur r ounde d by a pl ai n, f o r t h e
most pa r t s andy, b u t t h e r e is a good de a l of cul t i vat i on. A t Nani
t h e Gomal r o u t e from Dera Ismai l Khan j oi ns t h e Kabul-Kandahar r oad.
I.B.C. A pl a c e cal l ed Nani Ghund is l oc a t e d a t 32-57 68-17 A.
NAN I j k
32-59 68-11 G. A g r o u p of 4 or 5 f o r t i f i e d haml et s about 55 miles
s out h by w e s t of Ghazni . I nhabi t ant s : Sulaiman Khel and Andari
Ghi l zai s. Water pr ocur abl e. (I.B.C.)
NAN1 KHEL & j L
A vi l l age i n t h e Gandamak di vi s i on of Jal al abad, cont ai ni ng 300
houses of Wazir K h ug i ani s.
*NAOABAD & +
34-21 66-47 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d s o u t h e a s t of As ghar at in e a s t e r n
Bamian pr ovi nce. Ot her pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name a r e l oc a t e d s o u t h o f
Cha hi khe l on a t r i but a r y of t h e Tagab r i ve r in Kapisa pr ovi nce, a t
34-57 69-48 m.; nor t h of Ahmadzai on t h e r oad t o Kabul i n Logar
pr ovi nce, a t 34-18 69-8 m.; on t h e Kunar r i ve r near ~a l a l a b a d in
Nangarhar pr ovi nce, a t 34-26 70-31 m.; w e s t of Nani and s o u t h we s t
of Ghazni, a t 33-23 68-18 m.
Administrative Divisions of Nangarhar Province
ESTJMATE OF AGRICULTURAL POPULATION AND AREA UNDER CULTIVATION
ACHlN 27
HES ARAK 49
KHUGIANI (KAGA, KAZA) 82
DEH BALA 3 3
SURKH RUD 51
SHINWAR 5
NAZIAN 6
RUDAT (SHAH1 KOT) 4 3
MOHMAND D A M 8
KAMA 4 2
KAUZ KUNAR (SHEWA) 1 8
BAT1 KOT
(NADAR SHAH KOT) 9
BEHSUD 33
DORB AB A 23
DARA-I-NUR
(DAM-I-KAUZ KUNAR) 20
PACHIR/AGAM (WAGAM) 17
CHAPARHAR
(CHAPLEYAR) 2 5
S H E W 19
LALPUR 9
GOSHTA
(KHWAJA ZEWAR) 12
TOTAL 531
Agricultural
Population
Landlords Lands under Cultivation in Jaribs
Irrigated Non-Irrig. Total
Lands under Cultivation in Hectares
Irrigated Non-Irrig. Total
STATISTICAL ESTIMATE OF LIVESTOCK BY WOLESWALIS AND ALAKADARIS
Sheep
ACHIN 2,360
HESARAK 3,850
KHUGlANl (KAGA,
KAZA) 8,900
DEH BALA 4,890
SURKH RUD 3,490
SHINWAR 6,2 50
NAZI AN 1,390
RUDAT (SHAH1 KOT) 8,890
MOHMAND DARA 1,200
K AM A 1,360
KAUZ KUNAR (SHEWA) 1,400
BAT1 KOT (NADER
SHAH KOT) 9 30
BEHSUD 3,360
DORBABA 1,180
DARA-I-NUR (DARA-I
KAUZ KUNAR) 5.5 10
PACHIRIAGAM
(WAGAM) 2.630
CHAPARHAR
(CHAPLEYAR) 400
SHERZAD 1,720
LALPUR -
GOSmA (KHWAJ A
ZEWAR) 1,620
TOTAL 61.330
Karakul Goats
Sheep
Cattle
18,670
9,470
14,890
9,600
6,720
6,290
460
8,900
5,380
9,190
9,500
3,700
6,620
1.7 60
9,320
4,190
9,680
4,290
4,900
4,850
148,380
Buffaloes
1,690
100
5 0
150
180
7 0
2 60
5 00
450
650
50
160
650
390
2,690
90
160
-
800
480
9,570
Camels
30
-
240
-
5 0
30
-
20
-
-
7 0
-
5 0
230
300
-
100
-
-
-
1,120
Horses
5 0
-
30
160
60
80
-
60
-
-
-
60
30
8 0
70
-
-
9 0
-
-
770
Donkeys Mules Poultry
LAND UNDER IRRIGATION AND SOURCES OF IRRIGATION
Area in Jaribs
Springs Karez
Number of Sources
Springs Karez Wells Canals Wells Water Mills Total Canals
ACHlN -
HESARAK 4.2 00
KHUGIANI
(KAGA, KAZA) 12,480
DEH BALA 9,540
SURKH RUD 24,170
S HWAR -
NAZIAN 8,000
RUDAT (SHAH1 KOT) 7,790
MOHMANDDAM 4,250
KAMA 10,000
KAUZ KUNAR
(SHEWA) 12,780
BAT1 KOT (NADER
SHAH KOT) 16,300
BEHSUD 8,290
DORBABA 280
DAM-I-NUR (DARA-I-
KAUZ KUNAR) 3,7 30
PACHIR/AGAM
(WAG AM) 8,920
CHAPARHAR
(CHAPLEYAR) 3,020
SHER W 4,300
LALPUR 2,620
WS r n A
(KHWAJA ZEWAR) 1.940
TmAL 142.610
TOTAL CULTIVABLE LAND, BY CROP-IN KABULl JARIBS
Grains
Irrigated Non-Irrig,
Total Vegetables Industrial
Crops
Other
Crops
Fruits Total
Cultivated
Land
ACHIN 19,210
HESARAK 9,760
KHUGIANI (KAGA,
KAZA) 33,180
DEH BALA 15,930
SURKH RUD 26,650
SHINWAR 3,960
NAZIAN 18,780
RUDAT (SHAH1 KOT) 16,6 10
MOHMAND DARA 11,980
KAMA 2,370
KAUZ KUNAR
(SHE WA) 16,360
BAT1 KOT
(NADER SHAH KOT) 36,200
BEHSUD 12,740
DORBABA 1,910
DAM-I-NUR (DARA-I-
KAUZ KUNAR) 17,740
PACHIRIAG AM
(WAGAM) 18,240
CHAPARHAR
(CHAPLEYAR) 19,800
SHERZAD 23,040
LALPUR 3,120
GOSHTA (KHWAJA
ZE WAR) 3,020
TOTAL 310,600
0 0 0 0 0 0
a m 0 a m 3 2
fi .?q1?19?1
1 1 212 N N d 0 QId
b e * In W I n N In
d
In
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
w o o a m m a m ~ ~ m
m r - b m ~ o o
3 3 m m b - N - N m - d a 2:s qb-qbg0-q
m
4 a
7i - O- N- a- m- pi- d- m- 4- Pi- 4- -- m- In- b a N d N b
4 4 N 4 cc) d QI
> a Fl
.rg,
NAOABAD
34-49 71-7. A f e r r y o v e r t h e Kunar r i v e r on t h e Nawa Pa s s r o u t e t o
Chi gha Ser ai , a b o u t t wo m i l e s a b o v e Sar kani . Men and k i t a r e f e r -
r i ed a c r o s s on a r a f t c o n s i s t i n g o f a woode n f r ame s u p p o r t e d on
i nf l at ed s k i n s , c a p a b l e o f c a r r y i n g 1 2 men, b u t n o t ani mal s , wh i c h
have t o b e swum a c r o s s . T h e r e is no r o p e , b u t t h e r a f t is r o we d
a c r o s s by t h r e e men. Th e r e is onl y o n e r a f t r e a d y , b u t mor e c a n b e
made a t Sar kani wi t h o u t d e l a y a s e v e r y b o d y o wn s a " s hi naz, ' o r
i nf l a t e d s k i n . Th e r i v e r h e r e is a b o u t 1 0 0 y a r d s wi d e and s o me wh a t
s wi f t . Th e r e is a g u a r d a t t h e f e r r y o f f o u r s e p o y s t o i n s p e c t
t r a v e l l e r s . (N.I.)
NAOABAD .r&T
34-49 71-7 m. A s m a l l v i l l a g e on t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e Kunar r i v e r
f i ve miles bel ow Ch i g h a Ser ai . (N.I.)
NAO BORIDA .+Mi
34-20 67-8 G. A l ow k o t a l c r o s s e d by t h e main Kabul -Hazaraj at -
Daulat Yar r oad a b o u t 6 miles e a s t o f Panj ao s e r a i .
NAO BURDA See NAO BORIDA
NAODA MORA
4 J p 4 . r ,
34- 70-. A v i l l a g e i n Laghman, on t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e Al i ngar
r i ver , ne a r its j u n c t i o n wi t h t h e Kabul. I nha bi t a nt s : J a ba r Khel
Ghi l zai s , Mohmands, and o t h e r t r i b e s . Th e f ol l owi ng is a list o f t h e
haml et s c o mp r i s e d i n t h i s pl ace:
1. Kabi l - i - Sar bul and Khan 4. Kabi l - i - Nas i r i
2. Kohna Lar a Mora 5. Zi a r a t Ba ba j i .
3. Mashi na (Warburt on. )
NAO DEH 4 J+
34- 69-. A v i l l a g e i n t h e val l ey of t h e l o we r Logar , on t h e r i g h t
bank o f t h a t r i v e r 5 m i l e s n o r t h we s t o f Zar gan Sha ha r , a nd 3 miles
nor t h o f t h e Ta ngi Waghj an. Th e i n h a b i t a n t s a r e Taj i ks . Th e vi l -
l a ge c o n t a i n e d 150 f a mi l i e s i n 1880. ( Cl i f f or d. )
*NAO DEH 4 .r+
34-57 69-15 m. A v i l l a g e near ~a r nga da m i n s o u t h e r n Parwan pr ovi nc e .
Ot her p l a c e s wi t h t h i s name a r e l o c a t e d near Qara a t t h e n o r t h we s t
c or ne r o f t h e Dasht -i -Nawer i n Ghazni p r o v i n c e , a t 33-44 67-44 m.;
nor t h o f Luman and s o u t h we s t o f t h e Dasht -i -Nawer, a t 33-15 67-29
m.; n o r t h o f Matun and s o u t h e a s t o f Zor kot i n Pa kt i a pr ovi nc e , a t
33-29 69-55 rn.
NAO DEH 4 d+
34- 69-. A wal l ed v i l l a g e o f c o n s i d e r a b l e s i z e i n t h e Ch a r d e h
val l ey, 2 miles w e s t o f Deh-i-Mozang, t o t h e n o r t h of t h e Kabul-
Ghazni r oad. I nha bi t a nt s : Taj i ks . (Kennedy. )
NAO-I-AMIN-UL-MULK &tW\ *
A vi l l a ge i n t h e val l ey o f t h e u p p e r Logar . I nha bi t a nt s : Par s i -
wans. In 1880 it c o n s i s t e d o f t h r e e haml et s , c ont a i ni ng 50 fami-
lies. ( Cl i f f o r d , Euan Smi t h. )
NAO J U &
34- 66-. A g l e n d e s c e n d i n g n o r t h t o t h e Kirman val l ey, i n t h e Dai
Zangi c ount r y.
*NAO JUI
w
33-12 67-2 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d ne a r Sh i n i a i n t h e Sabzdar a area in
Gh a z n i pr ovi nc e . Ot h e r p l a c e s wi t h t h i s name are l ocat ed on ,
t r i b u t a r y o f t h e Band-i-Amir, s o u t h e a s t o f Nas har i n Bamian prov-
i n c e , a t 34-40 67-5 m.; n o r t h e a s t o f Mianabad and s out hwe s t of
s hahr - i - Khawat i n Bamian p r o v i n c e , a t 34-1 67-49 m.
*NAO KALA Or NAWQALA
dr:
33-59 68-2 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d ne a r Kamar i n n o r t h e r n Ghazni
pr ovi nc e .
NAO KALA d);
34-4 68-4 A. One o f t h e f o u r v i l l a g e s o f Ch a r k h , i n t h e upper
p o r t i o n o f t h e Loga r val l ey. I n h a b i t a n t s : Taj i ks . ( Cl i f f or d. )
NAO KALA us+
33-37 68-24 G. A v i l l a g e a b o u t 6 m i l e s n o r t h o f Ghazni , cont ai ni ng
6 0 h o u s e s o f Taj i ks . Here a l s o, on t h e o p p o s i t e s i d e of t h e road,
is Cha ha r bur j a , 20 h o u s e s . (Muhammad Akbar Khan.)
NAO KALA
A f o r t i f i e d haml et on t h e l e f t bank o f t h e Helmand.
NAO KALA &$
35-7 71-22. A v i l l a g e on t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e Kunar r i ve r , cl os e to
t h e j u n c t i o n wi t h t h e l at t er o f t h e Par gan dar a, 8 1/2 miles above
As na r . (I.B.C.)
NAO KALA
34- 67-. Two v i l l a g e s i n t h e Khawat v a l l e y , i n Besud.
&+
NAO KALA See ZARI
d);
NAO NI AZ +jb
34- 69-. A v i l l a g e i n t h e Kabul d i s t r i c t , b e t we e n Ch e h i l Dukhtaran
a n d Aobazak, a n d 1 1/2 m i l e west o f t h e Kabul r oad. I t cont ai ns
a b o u t 300 f a mi l i e s i n h a b i t e d by Taj i ks . Fuel , f o d d e r , gr ai n, s heep
a n d g o a t s a r e e a s i l y p r o c u r a b l e i n t h e n e i g h b o u r h o o d . Water is
a b u n d a n t . ( J ohns t on. )
*NAORAK
LJ,+
33-26 68-1 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d ne a r Ta l kha k s o u t h we s t o f Ghazni.
Ot h e r p l a c e s wi t h t h i s name a r e l o c a t e d n o r t h e a s t o f Ta k h t and east
o f t h e Kuh-i-Diwalak i n we s t e r n Bamian p r o v i n c e , a t 34-8 66-44 m.;
e a s t o f As g h a r a t i n we s t e r n Bamian p r o v i n c e , a t 34-23 66-59 m.; on
t h e Naw-i-Binigaw i n we s t e r n Bamian p r o v i n c e , a t 34-17 66-49 m.; on
a t r i b u t a r y o f t h e Hel mand i n t h e Su r k h a b a d ar ea, a t 34-17 67-39
m.; on a t r i b u t a r y o f t h e Qol -i -Tsoi t aman i n Bamian pr ovi nce, a t 34-
1 5 67-13 m.
NAORAK
A v i l l a g e i n t h e nor t hwe s t o f t h e Besud c ount r y.
NAORAM
A v i l l a g e i n La g h ma n . I n h a b i t a n t s : Ta j i k s . I t c o n t a i n s t h r e e
h a ml e t s , vi z. :
1. Haj i abad 2. Dubur j a 3. ~ r a n d a l i
( War bur t on. )
NAOROZ &+
A l a r g e s e c t i o n o f t h e Besud Hazar as .
*NAOROZ I
34-44 67-44 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d on a t r i b u t a r y o f t h e Bamian
ri ver, s o u t h we s t of Bamian. Anot her pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d
near Hel al khel , s o u t h e a s t of Luman i n Ghazni pr ovi nce, a t 33-2 68-
5 1 G.
NAO SHAHAR ~ + i
33-47 68-51 G. One of t h e f o u r Tajik vi l l a ge s composi ng t h e t own-
shi p of Charkh.
NARANG
AJL
34-45 71-3 A. Narang is an al aqadar i i n Nangarhar pr ovi nce. The
al aqadari c ompr i s e s an a r e a of 164 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s and ha s an
agr i cul t ur al popul at i on t h a t ha s been e s t i ma t e d a t from 5, 796 t o
7,705. Narang is bounded i n t h e w e s t by Pech and Chawki , i n t h e e a s t
and s o u t h e a s t by Si r kanay, and i n t h e nor t h by Asadabad. Narang ha s
about 28 vi l l a ge s , one of whi ch ha s more t h a n 500 i nhabi t ant s . The
vi l l ages a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows: Narang-i-Ulya and Suf l a
(Narhang), Suf l a, Char Qala, Kado, Shar l o, Kala Mar, Ghando, Lamtak,
Kot gai , Qala-i-Nau Ba di l ( Qal a Wana Ba di l ) , Soba Gh u n d i ( Choba
Ghundi), Kozah G hundi , Qala-i-Wana, A m i r Khan, Amluk Mina, Shi no
Kalai ( P a s h t o Kal ai ) , Qar ya- i - Luchak, Le wa t , Kozal ai ( Kozah Dai
Banday), Khus hal Bandah, Khudah Gash, Ahmad Khan Mina, Baj gul ,
Qarya-i-Qarghan, Kuchi ano Bela, Adwal ( A t w a l l ) , Khal at ak, Ghazi Khan
Ghundi and Qarya-i-Buzurg. (LWA) In 1914, t h e ar ea was d e s c r i b e d
a s f ol l ows: El evat i on 2, 600 f e e t . Narang, or Bar Narang, c o n s i s t s o f
t wo vi l l ages on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Kunar, 47 miles from Jalala-
bad. The val l ey h e r e is wi de, about 3/4 miles of f l a t gr ound on
e i t he r s i d e of t h e r i ver . The Kuz Narang vi l l a ge s a r e s i t u a t e d some
3 miles l ower down t h e st r eam. (Col dst ream. )
NARGIS See NALGIS
34-23 66-52 A.
NARGOZA I
$JJL
34-15 69-52 G. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Khugi ani count r y, about 9 m i l e s
s out hwe s t of Gandamak. On t h e 6 t h J ul y 1880, t h i s pl a c e was t a ke n
and bur nt by t wo b o d i e s of t r o o p s moving i n c o n c e r t from Pezwan and
Saf ed Sang, unde r t h e o r d e r s o f Li eut enant - Gener al Brig ht . Fi f t y-
e i g h t of t h e enemy were ki l l e d, and t h e l e s s o n pr oved a s al ut ar y one
in keepi ng t h e r oad f r e e from p e t t y r ai ds . (I.B.C.)
NARI aL
34- 69-. A vi l l a ge in t h e Hi sarak di vi s i on of t h e Jal al abad di s -
t r i ct . I nhabi t ant s: Shi nwar i s. (Jenkyns. ) A vi l l age wi t h t h i s name
is l ocat ed a t 35-13 71-32 G. ( LWA)
'NARI Or NARAI d
33-43 69-58 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d s o u t h e a s t of Chamkani near t h e
Paki st an bor de r i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
NARI Or NASRAT, NALAI L(*L
35-13 71-31 m. El evat i on 3, 000 f e e t . A vi l l age on t h e l e f t bank
t h e Kunar r i ve r , l yi ng some 150 f e e t above its l e ve l , 8 m i l e s bel ow
Arnawai. I t c ont a i ns about 100 hous e s , and is bui l t on t h e pa t t e r n
of Bi r kot , e x c e p t t h a t t h e l a ne s bet ween t h e hous e s a r e s omewhat
br oader . ~ o u g h b r i d g e s o f b o u g h s l ead a c r o s s t hem. The vi l l age
Par apet on t h e c ont i guous r o o f s is i n some pl a c e s 6 f e e t hi gh, b u t
in 1891 had mos t l y f al l en i nt o decay; c e r t a i n por t i ons of it have
l a r g e l o o p h o l e s . I mme d i a t e l y t o t h e n o r t h o f t h e vi l l age is a
s q u a r e f o r t of t h e us ua l Chi t r a l i t y p e bui l t by t h e l at e Mehtar
man-ul-Mulk i n 1891. I t s u b s e q u e n t l y f e l l i n t o t h e hands of Umra
Khan of Jandol , b u t now Lies wi t hi n t h e l i m i t s of Afghani st an. There
is a s t r o n g wooden b r i d g e a c r o s s t h e Kunar r i ver , immediately oppo-
site t h e vi l l age; t h i s b r i d g e is f i t f o r pack animals and over it
g o e s a r oad l e a di ng t o Bi r kot , on t h e r i g h t bank, and t he nc e up t he
Ba s hgul val l ey. From Nari a pa t h g o e s up t h e Nari Gul and t h e Dolai
dar a, p a s t t h e vi l l a ge of Machmana, and ove r t h e Dolai pass into
Baraul. ( Robe r t s on, I.B.C.) Th i s vi l l a ge is not t h e c e nt e r of the
a l a qa da r i o f ~ a l a i o r ~ a r a i . S e e ~ a l a i . (LWA)
NAR I JABAR A C I L ~
A v i l l a g e 4 mi l es w e s t o f Gandamak, i n t h e Khugi a ni count ry.
(I.B.C.)
NASAR Or NASIR d
34-26 69-54 A. A Powi ndah cl an who "claim," s a ys McMahon, "t o be a
Ghi l zai t r i b e and t o bel ong t o t h e Turan di vi s i on of t h a t t ri be. The
Ghi l zai s d e n y t h e i r claim and s a y t h a t t h e i r f ounde r , Nasir or
Nasar, was onl y a hamsayah o f t h e Tokhi s .
"Accor di ng t o some a u t h o r i t i e s , Nasir, o r Nasar, had t h r e e sons,
Tar akai , Spi nka i and Sur kai , f r om whom t h e Tai, Spi n and Sur, i.e.,
t h e Bl ack, Whi t e, and Red Nasi r s, a r e d e s c e n d e d . I t is however,
e xt r e me l y d i f f i c u l t now t o ot ai n any a u t h e n t i c i nf or mat i on a s t o t he
or i gi n of t h e s e di vi s i ons , and a s t o whi ch of t hem t h e various
p r e s e n t s e c t i o n s and s u b s e c t i o n s o f t h e t r i b e bel ong.
"I am i nc l i ne d, a f t e r much e nqui r y, t o t hi nk t h a t t h e following
ge ne a l ogy o f t h e t r i b e is a ppr oxi ma t e l y c or r e c t . I t w i l l be seen
t h a t t h e t r i b e c ompr i s e s t h r e e main di vi s i ons , i.e., t h e Mallizais,
Umarzais and Nasi r zai s.
NASI R
Spi nkai (Spin)
I
Umar ( Umar zai s)
u
J e l a l Bar Azghar Sal ak Zangi Yahya
I
Nasi r ( Nas i r zai s )
I 1 I I
Washai Kai al Bdri Niamat Musizai Shadizai
(Ashi Khel)
The J e l a Khel a r e subdi vi ded t hus:
JELAL
~ a r ; f A jam
+
Azam Chobar Su 1 a iman Parwat h Sadma i ?
I
( Ch o b a r k h e l ) ( Sul ai mank h e l ) ( p a r wa t Khel ) (Alam Khel)
I
Shad i
I
La l l u
I
Alam Beg
( Shadi Khan Khel) ( La l l u Khel) (Alam Beg Khel)
"The headman of t h e Jelal Khel is Abdul l a Khan, S h a d i Khan Khel . H e
is also t h e Ch i e f o f t h e Nas i r t r i b e . Th e tribe number s a b o u t 600
men.
"The Lallu Khel and Al a m Khe l l i v e near t h e Ab-i -Ist ada i n summer
and i n t h e Kul achi t a h s i l o f Dera I s mai l Khan i n t h e wi nt e r .
"The S h a d i Khan Khel l i v e i n Ti r wah and near Ab-i -Ist ada i n summer
and near Chaudwan in wi nt er.
"The Alam Beg Khe l summer a t Ab-i -Ist ada a nd Kes hat u; wi n t e r i n t h e
~ e r a j a t Kac h i .
"The Chobar Khel g o wi t h t h e Shadi Khan Khel.
"The Sul ai man Khel g o hal f wi t h Lal l u Khel and hal f wi t h t h e S h a d i
Khan Khel.
*'The Par wat Khel summer a t Zangal a and wi n t e r a t Zar kunni i n t h e
era j a t
"The Bar Khel a r e s u b d i v i d e d i n t o t h e
(1) Babakar Khel (2) Bariarn Khel (3) Sar war Khel .
"They amount t o a b o u t 400 men. Th e y own no l and. In f o r me r times
t h e y d we l t i n t h e n e i g h b o u r h o o d o f Nawar a n d Ab-i -Ist ada, b u t s i n c e
t h e Ghi l zai r e be l l i on, t h e y l i v e , d u r i n g t h e summer mo n t h s , b e t we e n
Keshat u and Ti r wah a nd v i s i t t h e Der aj at i n t h e wi nt er . Th e p r e s e n t
headman o f t h e t r i b e is Ahmad Khan, Babakar Khel . Th e y now own no
l and, b u t f or me r l y c u l t i v a t e d Wano, Spi n, Gul kach, etc.
"The Azghar Khel a r e s a i d t o number a b o u t 160 men and l i v e wi t h t h e
J e l a l Kh el.
"The Sal ak Khel number a b o u t 300 men. Th e y a l s o l i v e wi t h t h e Jelal
Khel .
"The Zangi Khel a r e s u b d i v i d e d i n t o t h e f ol l owi ng s u b s e c t i o n s :
(1) Sur ( 2) Khai r i Khel (3) Sar u Khel (4) I br ahi m Khel
( 5) Khwaj a Muhammad Khel.
"They number about 400 men. They s pend t h e summer a t Ghundghaz near
Dochi na and Chi nj ezam and Ti r wah, and all g o t o Zer wani on t h e
Kul achi b o r d e r , Dera I s mai l Khan, i n t h e wi nt er . The y o wn l a n d s a nd
t wo kar ezes a t or near Ghundghaz, but own no land el s ewher e.
"The Yahya Khel a r e s a i d t o number a b o u t 600 men. The y l i v e ne a r
Ghundan i n summer and i n t h e Der aj at i n t h e wi nt er .
"The Ashi Khel number about 400 men. Headman Pir Muhammad.
"They v i s i t Mukur and t h e Lowana c o u n t r y i n summer and Draband i n
t h e Dera I s mai l Khan d i s t r i c t o r Si bi i n t h e wi nt e r .
"The Kamal Khel summer i n Zhob and Pi s h i n and i n wi n t e r s ome g o t o
Draband, o t h e r s t o Si bi , Thal - Chot i al i and Dera Gha z i Khan.
"The Bori Khel summer i n Zhob and Pi s h i n and i n wi nt e r s ome g o t o
Draband, o t h e r s t o Si bi , Thal - Chot al i and Dera Gha z i Khan.
"The Niamat Khel summer i n Zhob and Pi s h i n and i n wi nt e r s ome g o t o
Draband, o t h e r s t o Si bi , Thal - Chot i al i and Dera Gha z i Khan.
"The Musi zai s summer a t Zangal a and wi nt e r i n Draband.
"The Sh a d i z a i s s p e n d t h e summer i n Pi s h i n and wi nt e r i n Draband.
"The Daud Khel a r e n o t ment i oned i n t h e a b o v e ge ne a l ogy. The y a r e
s a i d n o t t o b e o r i g i n a l l y Na s i r s b u t o n l y h a ms a y a h s . T h e y c a l l
t h e ms e l v e s ' Raghmai . ' Th e y own mor e l and t h a n a ny s e c t i o n o f t h e
Nasi r t r i be . Th e i r l a n d s a r e s i t u a t e d i n Gh u n d g haz."
Lumsden s a y s t h e Na s i r s number onl y 1, 850 f a mi l i e s , and a r e d i v i d e d
i nt o t h e f ol l owi ng d i v i s i o n s :
Te nt s
J a l a l Khel ( c h i e f s e c t i o n ) 200
Bar Khel 100
Al a m Beg Khel 7 0
Chul a Khel 8 0
Banu Khel 100
Yahya Khel 8 0
Zangi Khel 150
Kamal Khel (1)
Kamal Khel ( 2)
Ush Khel
Daud Khel
Musi zai (1)
Musi zai ( 2)
Sa r o Khel
Ni a ma t Khel (1)
Niamat Khel ( 2)
Th e Nas i r s a r e o n e o f t h e s t r o n g e s t a s w e l l a s one of t h e wealthiest
o f t h e Powi ndah c l a ns , and t h e c h i e f o f t h e Jelal Khel sect i on is
ge ne r a l l y a c knowl e dge d c h i e f o f t h e whol e f r a t e r ni t y. Lumsden, as
a bove s t a t e d , e s t i ma t e s t h e i r number s a t 1, 850 f ami l i es. Broadfoot
t h i n k s t h e y number 5, 000, El phi ns t one pl a c e s t hem a t 12,000, while
t h e " ~ o r t h - w e s t Fr ont i e r Ga z e t t e e r " s a y s " t h e r e a r e bet ween 3,000
and 4,000 t e n t s i n t h e whol e Nasi r t r i be , pr obabl y some 8,000 souls,
Al so see unde r "Powindah."
Th e Nas i r s a r e s ai d t o pay a t r i b u t e o f R s . 3,000 annually t o t he
head o f t h e Turan Ghi l z a i s a t Margha f o r t h e r i g h t of pasturage;
t h i s sum t h e y d i v i d e ove r encampment s, a c c or di ng t o t h e number of
c a t t l e , camel s, s h e e p , and g o a t s be l ongi ng t o each. The poorer
member s o f t h i s cl an, who p o s s e s s n o t mor e t h a n hal f a dozen camels
e a c h, c l ub t o g e t h e r and c a r r y on a t r a d e i n salt whi ch t he y bring
f r om t h e Bahadur Khel mi nes t o Ghazni , or t h e Kala-i-Ghilzai dis-
trict, and b a r t e r it a g a i n s t gr ai n, r e c e i vi ng t h r e e or f our l oads of
t h e l a t t e r f o r e v e r y o n e o f s a l t , a c c or di ng t o t h e mar ket value of
t h e mi ner al on t h e s p o t a t t h e t i m e .
Th e Nas i r s d o n o t t r a d e s o much a s t h e o t h e r Powi ndah clans, but
d e p e n d a l mos t e n t i r e l y on t h e i r f l o c k s and h e r d s ; t h e f l e e c e s of
t h e i r s h e e p s u p p l y t h e mat er i al s f o r t h e i r t e n t s , t h e i r c a r pe t s and
t h e s a c k s whi c h hol d t h e i r f l our ; t h e i r p o s t i n s and some ot her
a r t i c l e s a r e made o f s h e e p s k i n s ; t h e milk of t h e ewe a f f o r d s t he
c h e e s e , b u t t e r and c u r d , whi c h is t h e i r us ual d i e t , and its f l es h is
t h e i r onl y l uxur y.
The p r o d u c e of t h e i r s h e e p , and t h e h i r e of t h e i r camels, also
f u r n i s h t h e means o f obt ai ni ng t h e f e w a r t i c l e s t h e y r equi r e from
wi t hout ; and t h e c a r r i a g e o f t h e i r t e n t s and o t h e r pr oper t y, which
is s o mat er i al t o wander i ng pe opl e , is e nt i r e l y per f or med by t he
camel s. The i r s h e e p and camel s a r e e xt r e me l y numerous, and every
p a r t of t h e i r economy is a d a p t e d t o t h e moving l i f e whi ch is neces-
s a r y t o f e e d s u c h a number o f ani mal s; t h e i r t e n t s a r e small and
l i g h t ; t h e i r whol e p r o p e r t y is a s u i t or t wo of c l o t h e s , a few sacks
of f l our , wi t h hal f a d o z e n e a r t h e n p o t s , and one or t wo of brass.
In t h e i r p e r s o n s t h e y a r e s m a l l , bl ack and ugl y; t h e y a r e barbarous
i n t h e i r manner s, and r u d e and s qua l i d i n t h e i r ge ne r a l appearance*
They are, however, a remarkably hones t and harmless people.
The y l e a ve t h e Der aj at in March when t h e Gumal is f l ooded, t hei r
r e a s on bei ng t h a t t h e i r s h e e p a r e wi t h young, and lambs born in t he
Der aj at a r e smal l er and we a ke r t h a n t h o s e bor n i n Khorasan.
El phi ns t one ' s a c c ount of t h e i r mar ch, i f somewhat col 0ur edr is
c e r t a i nl y most gr a phi c : "The t r i b e ma r c he s t h r o u g h t h e hostile
c ount r y o f t h e Wazi ri s i n t wo di vi s i ons , and it is s e t t l e d by t he
Khan and t h e Hal i ks whi ch is t o march f i r s t . The r e nde z vous for each
di vi s i on is a t Kanzur on t h e Gumal, t o whi ch pl ace a l l t h e hordes
d i r e c t t h e i r march from t h e i r d i f f e r e n t camps i n t h e ~ h i l z a i coun-
t r y. In t h e begi nni ng of t h i s march t h e y p a s s t h r o u g h barren wi l d s f
wher e t he y see nobody but t he i r own companions; but a s t hey apPrwch
Kanzur t h e r o a d s a r e c h o k e d wi t h o t h e r h o r d e s f l oc ki ng from various
and d i f f e r e n t s t a t i o n s t o t h e r e nde z vous . Gr eat conf us i on
arises; t wo h o r d e s whi ch a r e a t war a r e o f t e n c r owde d t o g e t h e r in
one narrow val l ey, and new qua r r e l s a r e a l s o occas i oned by t h e
i mpat i ence of d i f f e r e n t p a r t i e s t o g e t f i r s t t h r o u g h t h e p a s s i n t h e
hi us. ~t l a s t t h e y j oi n t h e c o n f u s e d mass o f t e n t s , men, and c a t t l e
"hich are heaped t oge t he r a t Kanzur.
"The whol e as s embl age amount s t o more t h a n 30, 000 pe opl e , wi t h a l l
t he i r number l ess f l o c k s and h e r d s of camel s, and i nde e d wi t h all
t he i r pos s e s s i ons . The b u s t l e and d i s o r d e r o f s u c h a t h r o n g may w e l l
be concei ved. Duri ng t h e da y t h e y i s s u e f o r t h in swar ms t o s e a r c h
f or f or a ge and f i r e wood; and a t n i g h t f a l l t h e s e unf r e que nt e d va l l e ys
r esound wi t h t h e c o n f u s e d voi c e s of t h e mul t i t ude, t h e beat i ng and
lowing of t h e i r f l o c k s and h e r d s , t h e hoa r s e r oar of t h e camel, and
t he s hout s and s ongs of t h e Nasirs.
"When t h e whol e di vi s i on is as s embl ed, Ch i e f s a r e a p p o i n t e d , and
t he y renew t h e i r p r o g r e s s t owa r ds t h e Derajat. The Wazi ri s in t h e
meantime are pr e pa r i ng f o r t h e i r r e c e p t i o n wi t h all t h e caut i on and
s e c r e c y of s a va ge war; t h e i r c l a ns a r e as s embl ed i n t h e d e p t h s o f
t h e mount ai ns, and a s i n g l e s c o u t , p e r h a p s , wa t c he s on t h e brow o f a
r ock, and l i s t e n s i n t h e s i l e n c e of t h a t d e s o l a t e r e gi on f o r t h e hum
of t h e a ppr oa c hi ng c r owd, till a t l e n g t h t h e Nasi r s a r e he a r d, and
t h e val l eys a r e f i l l e d wi t h t h e st r eam of men and f l o c k s t h a t p o u r s
down t h e bed and t h e ba nks of t h e Gumal. The word is t h e n pa s s e d
round t o t h e Waziris, who ha s t e n t o t h e d e f i l e s by p a t h s known onl y
t o t hems el ves , and a t t a c k t h e d i s o r d e r l y c r owd, o r lie i n ambush t o
c u t o f f t h e enemi es. Duri ng t h i s t i m e of da nge r , whi ch l a s t s a week
or t e n days , t h e Nasi r s a r e i n an unusual s t a t e o f pr epar at i on; t h e
power of t h e Ch i e f s s u p p r e s s e s all f e u d s , and a r r a nge s t h e o r d e r o f
march and t h e means o f de f e nc e . The whol e di vi s i on moves i n a body;
par t i es of c h o s e n men p r o t e c t t h e f r o n t , t h e f l a nks , and t h e r e a r ,
whi l e t h e o t h e r Nasi r s d r i v e on t h e s h e e p and camel s, and hol d
t hems el ves r e a dy t o r e p e l any a t t a c k t h a t may b e made by t h e i r
enemi es. They had ne e d, i n d e e d , t o be pr e pa r e d, f o r t h e pr e da t or y
di s pos i t i on o f t h e Wazi ri s is s ha r pe ne d by l ong enmi t y, t h e y g i v e no
quar t er t o any Nasir t h a t f a l l s i nt o t h e i r hands . ( Thi s s t a t e of
t hi ngs ha s unde r gone a c ons i de r a bl e c ha nge s i n c e t h e Wazi r i st an
e xpe di t i on of 1894-95.) A t l e n g t h t h e y r e a c h t h e p a s s o f Zi rkani ,
issue o u t i n t o t h e pl ai ns, and a r e s p r e a d over t h e whol e o f Daman
from t h e f r o n t i e r o f Uppe r Si nd t o t h e hi l l s o f t h e Marwatis. Each
hor de has a pa r t i c ul a r t r a c t , whe r e it is accus t omed t o encamp and
round whi ch it r a n g e s a s t h e s u p p l y o f f o r a g e r e qui r e s . They encamp
in c i r c l e s , wi t hi n whi ch t h e y s h u t u p t h e i r c a t t l e a t ni ght . Thei r
l i f e is now i d l e and unwear i ed. The women d o all t h e l abour , p i t c h
t h e t e n t s , g a t h e r t h e wood, br i ng i n wat er , and cook t h e di nner ; t h e
men onl y s a unt e r o u t wi t h t h e s h e e p and camel s, and f o r t h i s l abour
a very f e w men s u f f i c e . The r i c h h i r e o u t t h e i r c a t t l e dur i ng t h e i r
l ong ha l t s , but t h e owner makes over t h e d u t y of accompanyi ng t hem
t o some poor man, who g e t s a t h i r d of t h e hi r e f o r h i s l abour. The
women a r e never c onc e a l e d, b u t t h e y a r e sai d t o be c h a s t e and mod-
est. When t h e snow has melted on t h e Takht-i-Sulaiman, t h e Chi ef s of
t h e Nasir camps s e nd t o t h e Khan of t h e whol e t o f i x a t i m e f o r a
counci l ; on t h e a ppoi nt e d day t h e y a l l r e pa i r t o h i s camp, de t e r mi ne
t h e i r r out e , agai n a p p o i n t Ch i e f s , and s oon a f t e r br eak up t h e i r
camps and commence t hei r return."
The Nasi r s wer e in t h e ha bi t o f payi ng t o t h e Si k h s , n o t onl y t h e
cu8t oms d u e s f o r t h e g o o d s t h e y br ought , b u t a l s o a gr azi ng- t ax f o r
l i be r t y t o pa s t ur e t h e i r camel s dur i ng wi nt er and s p r i n g in t h e
Derajat. In 1848, when Major Edwar des was vi s i t i ng t h e Kul achi
bor der , it was b r o u g h t t o h i s not i c e t h a t one Shahzad Nasir, Chi e f
of t h e Nasi r s, r e f u s e d t o pay a nyt hi ng a t al l , and from t h i s c a us e
a r os e a dilemma from whi ch Edwar des e x t r i c a t e d hi msel f wi t h h i s
a c c us t ome d de c i s i on. H e de t e r mi ne d t o a t t a c k t h e Chi e f i n t he midst
of h i s cl an and t r y t o c a r r y him o f f . To d o t h i s h e St ar t ed from
Kul achi i n t h e n i g h t wi t h a bout 300 caval r y, Duranis and Sikhs; on
a r r i va l near t h e camp h e f ound t h a t o f t h i s number only 70 or
we r e p r e s e n t , t h e rest havi ng r emai ned be hi nd on one pret ence or
a not he r . H e , howe ve r , de t e r mi ne d t o g o on wi t h t h e work in hand and
l e d h i s men r ound o t t h e r e a r of t h e Nasi r camp, and cal l i ng on them
t o f ol l ow c h a r g e d down on t h e camp; b u t of t h e 70 or 80 only 1 5
0110 wed him. Ed wa r de s , howe ve r , g o t t h r o u g h , t hough with some
da nge r , and f i n d i n g a h e r d of Nasi r camel s on t h e o t h e r si de, he
d r o v e t hem o f f and s ol d t hem i n s a t i s f a c t i o n of t h e grazing-tax
whi c h t h e Chi e f Shahzad had s a i d h e would ne ve r pay t o t h e dogs of
S i k h s and Far i ngi s .
I n March 1858, Capt ai n Coxe, Deput y Commi ssi oner , Dera Ismail Khan,
r e p o r t e d t h a t a pa r t y of t h e Nas i r s and Khar ot i Powi ndahs, who had
s us t a i ne d c ons i de r a bl e l o s s a t t h e h a n d s of t h e Waziris during and
a f t e r t h e p a s s a g e t h r o u g h t h e h i l l s f r om Khorasan, t hi nki ng a
f a vour a bl e o p p o r t u n i t y o f f e r e d f o r r ei mbur s i ng t he ms e l ve s from t he
f l o c k s and h e r d s of t h e l owe r Wazi r i s, moved i n t o t h e i r count ry and
s u c c e e d e d i n dr i vi ng o f f some c a t t l e .
On r e c e i p t o f t h i s i n t e l l i g e n c e Capt ai n Coxe had i nt e nde d t o call on
Shahzad Khan, t o r ecover t h e whole of t h e propert y; but t he thanadar
of Kul achi pr e vi ous l y on h i s own r e s p o n s i b i l i t y s e n t t h r e e Nasirs he
had c a p t u r e d t o t r o o p e r s of t h e 5 t h Punj ab Cavalry. Unused t o deal
with t h e s e men, and annoyed a t t h e pr oposed i nt er f er ence, t h e Nasirs
t ook t h e bol d s t e p o f c a r r yi ng t h e whol e pa r t y o f f i nt o t h e hills
and r emovi ng t h e ms e l v e s f r om Br i t i s h t e r r i t or y. The t r oope r s were,
howe ve r , s oon r e l e a s e d t h r o u g h t h e a ge nc y of Juma Khan, Zangi Khel
Nasir, and t h e pr oper t y gi ven up wi t hout f ur t he r demur.
Capt ai n Coxe, i n r e p o r t i n g t h e e nd o f t h i s a f f a i r , remarked with
r e f e r e n c e t o t h e r e l a t i on o f t h e t wo p a r t i e s t o our s el ves . "From
t h e Wazi r i s w e e x p e r i e n c e not hi ng but annoyance and host i l i t y. The
l ong lists o f a c t s o f vi ol ence, t h e f t s , and c r u e l mur der s, which are
pe r i odi c a l l y s ubmi t t e d, w i l l s how t h a t w e owe t hem but l i t t l e grace
or f avour . Th e Nasi r s, on t h e o t h e r hand, have done us good and
l oya l s e r vi c e . To t h e i r wa t c h f u l n e s s ove r many o f t h e pa s s e s we owe
much o f our compar at i ve immunity from p e t t y r a i d s on t h e cent re
por t i on of t h e f r ont i e r ; and i n 1855, when a s e r i ous at t ack was
a p p r e h e n d e d on Tank f r om t h e Wazi ri s, t h e ~ a s i r t r i be f ur ni shed a
l a r g e body of ar med men f o r t h e d e f e n c e of t h e f r ont i e r ; and they
would a t any time r e n d e r u s si mi l ar ai d when cal l ed upon." ( ~ l ~ h i n -
st one, Broad f oot , Lumsden, Ed wardes, Coke, McMahon.)
NASAR flL
34-4 69-2 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d near Kamalkhel on t h e Logar river
i n Logar pr ovi nce.
*NASDARA
4, L;
34-53 69-28 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e ~a n l s h i r
r i ve r s o u t h of Al i kozai i n Parwan pr ovi nce.
NASHAGAM Or NISHAGAM
35-8 71-23 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e Kunar, di s t a nt 85
miles f r om Jal al abad. (Col d st r eam .)
NASHAR
+
34-41 67-3 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Da r bi -
Band-i-Amir i n Bamian pr ovi nce.
NAS I R MUHAMMAD AH
34- 68-. A v i l l a g e p a s s e d on t h e f i r s t mar ch f r om t h e Lakar ai Kot al
t o wa r d s Gandamak. I t is s i t u a t e d on an a f f l u e n t o f t h e S u r k h a b
r i v e r . ( Co l l e t t . )
NASRAT See NARI G&
NAUROZ BEG
A s e c t i o n o f t h e Kapt asan Besud Hazar as .
NAWA
4, L
A smal l v i l l a g e i n t h e Daraz Kol, i n t h e Dai Zangi c o u n t r y . A p l a c e
cal l ed Nawa Nadak is l o c a t e d a t 33-38 66-56 A. (LWA)
* NAWA
4, L
32-19 67-53 Nawa is a wol es wal i i n Ghazni pr ovi nc e . Th e wol e s wa l i
c ompr i s e s an a r e a o f 2, 554 s q u a r e k i l o me t e r s and h a s an a g r i c u l t u r a l
popul at i on t h a t h a s b e e n e s t i ma t e d a t f r om 6, 424 t o 20, 280. Th e
wol eswal i is b o u n d e d i n t h e e a s t by Wazakhwa, i n t h e n o r t h e a s t b y
Dila, i n t h e n o r t h we s t b y Gi l an, i n t h e west b y Sha hj ui , and i n t h e
s o u t h by Sh i n k a i a nd Shemal zai . Nawa h a s a b o u t 53 v i l l a g e s , 1 0 o f
whi ch have mor e t h a n 500 i n h a b i t a n t s . Th e v i l l a g e s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e
PG a s f ol l ows : I k h t i y a r Khel , Qarya-i-Andi, Bakol Khel , Burj -i -
Rahman, I br ahi m Sha h Khel (Bahram Sh a h Khel ) , Powat i , Pet ab, Pet ab-
i-Malik Din. Tor Kot s ay ( Ta r gos h) , Qarya-i -Tal khani , Tangi Chadar ,
Qarya-i-Ak hund Sa he b, Qarya-i-China, Qarya-i-Hasan Khel , Qarya-i-
Khwaja Khel , Kh o s h h a l ( Khos hani ) , Dada Khel (Dado Khel ) , Zari n Khel ,
Sayed Khel , Qarya-i -Sal eh, Sur , Hawl i Khel (Ul ya-Khel ), Ghai zogai ,
G haybi Khel , Qasem Khel , Qala-i-Khan, Qarya-i-Moh' d Sar war , Qarya-i-
Mod'd Azi z, Qarya-i-Kalo Khel , Kamis Khel , Qarya-i-Kala Khan, Qarya-
i-Garah, Qarya-i-Gajiyan, Qarya-i-Gara w J an, Qarya-i-Ga wr anda, Mota
Khel, Mo h' d K h e l l Qarya-i-Mansur, Qarya-i -Nanga, Jamal Khel , Kara-
wod di n, Babri-i-Kalan, Babr i - i - Khur d, Qar ya- i - Haj i A 1 wan, Qar ya- i -
Sal i ma k ( Yal mak) , Qar ya- i - Sa k i r a h , Qar ya- i - Lai l i Zai , Qar ya- i - Zal a
(Qarya-i -Kohna), Qar ya- i - Qahat - i - Saf i , Qal a- i - Rahman, Qal a- i - Bur j ,
Qala-i-Hawsi, Kanak Jamal (Kanak), La1 Moh' d Khel , Ango, Bazel Khel ,
Khan Khel , Babul i , Tar hi , Sa do Khel ( Shadu- Khel ) , Sai f u d d i n Khel ,
Fai z Moh' d, Howl i Khel , Harun, Qala-i-Moh'd Anwar, J a l o Khel , Hot ak,
Tangi , Zala, and Se k a n d a r Khel .
*NAWA
4, L
34-49 68-8 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d on a t r i b u t a r y o f t h e Ghor band,
about 2 miles s o u t h o f Char kat a. Anot he r p l a c e wi t h t h i s name is
s o u t h e a s t o f Narang, near t h e Pa ki s t a n b o r d e r i n Kunar pr ovi nc e , a t
34-44 71-9 m.
NAWA AGHA See NAOGHAI
*NAWAB
32-39 68-52 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d on t h e Gomal r i v e r , s ome 1 2 miles
nor t h o f Gomal i n Pa kt i a pr ovi nc e .
NAWAB KALA LLJ) +\+
34- 68-. A v i l l a g e on t h e l e f t bank o f t h e u p p e r ~ a b u l r i v e r ,
a bout 4 miles w e s t o f J a l r e z . (Wanl i ss. )
NAWACH See NAOCH
6P
NAWAGI J
34- 70-. A vi l l age in t h e Kama di vi s i on of t h e Jalalabad district,
s i t ua t e d c l o s e t o and nor t h o f Landabuch. I nhabi t ant s: Sayyids (of
Kunar.) (Jenkyns. )
NAWA-I-RAHIM FJ (jk
A vi l l age in t h e Ki shrao s ubdi vi s i on of t h e Dai Zangi di st r i ct of
La1 .
NAWAK See PARIAN
d,L
A p a s s wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d in Parwan, a t 35-46
70-2 G. (LWA)
NAWALICH
@' 4
35-21 69-33. A vi l l age i n t h e uppe r Panj shi r gl en, si t uat ed on the
r i g h t bank of t h e st r eam 3 m i l e s above Bazarak. 20 houses of Ta-
j i ks . ( Shahzada Taimuss.)
NAWAR
A l a r g e va l l e y i n t h e Hazar aj at .
NAWAR (NOAR) ( I $ ) uL
33- 70-. A vi l l age i n Khost , about 15 m i l e s nort h-by-east of Matun.
The r e is a good d r y campi ng gr ound near t h e vi l l age. No grass is
pr ocur abl e, but t h e r e is pl e nt y of bhusa; wat er is pl ent i f ul , but
f u e l is s c a r c e . I B C ) Recent maps s how t h e name Nar, a t 33-30
70-1 m. ( LWA)
NAWAR LAM rYdk
34-39 70-10 A. A vi l l age in Laghman, about 2 miles sout heast of
Al i shang, on t h e l e f t bank of t h e r i ver . I t is i nhabi t ed by mixed
t r i be s . (Warburton.)
NAWA UJARISTAN See HAZARAS
"LmJL! djk
NAW I &
34- 68-. Kala Kazi Nawi is in t h e Ghorband valley, half a mile
below Bin-i-Sehwak, 10 hous es . Below Kala Kazi Nawi t h e valley
o p e n s out t o a br e a dt h of 1 1/2 m i l e s , and is w e l l cul t i vat ed, with
numer ous vi l l a ge s and gar dens . Thi s broad por t i on is called Nawi.
(Peacocke. ) Ot her pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name a r e l ocat ed a t 34-4 68-4
and 34-56 68-29. (LWA)
*NAWUR Or NAWAR
34-33 67-16 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d near Panqash i n Bamian province*
Anot her pl ace wi t h t h i s name is on a t r i but ar y of t h e Ghorband,
n o r t h e a s t of Shai kh A l i in Parwan pr ovi nce, a t 34-59
68-33 m.
*NAWR Or NAWAR
33-50 67-45.
Nawur is a wol eswal i in Ghazni pr ovi nce.
t h e woleswa-
li c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 5,816 s qua r e ki l omet er s and has an agricul-
t ur a l popul at i on t h a t has been es t i mat ed a t from 25,711 t o 39,108.
The wol eswal i is bounded i n t h e w e s t by Shahr i s t an and Waras, in t he
nor t h by Behsud, in t h e e a s t by Dai Mirdad and Jag hat u, and in t he
s out h by Qar abagh, J a ghor i and Malestern. Nawur has about 282 vil-
l a ge s , of whi ch about 198 have more t han 500 i nhabi t ant s. The malor
vi l l a ge s l i s t e d i n t h e PG a r e a s f ol l ows: ~bdar a- i - Qar Nala, Altan,
Almaqsud (Almaqsud-i-Burjagai) , Wasi Muhammad, Barik Joye, Bariki
(Baraki ), Najara (Gardan Najara), Barik A W, Sayed Pir Nazar, Bori
Bahram ( Bor i Bar an) , Bahai ( Bai ) , Tar Bul aq, Top Garmak, Ji skar
Qar ya- i - J os han, Hes ar ak- i - Nahur , Kha t e r ~ h o s h (pori ya-i -Khat er
~ h o s h ) , Khar Murdah, Mehr Ali, Qarya-i-Du Abi, Dani J os hi (Dani
yakhs hi ) , Dahan Bar i kak, Zard reg in-1-Kata Qala (Zard Reg i n) , Sabz
Nala, Shahj ui , Deh Jan Beg, Shi na, J oye Qol , Katar, Tug han, Wag ha
Jam, Deh Si kander , Sar paye, Shaghna, Sur kh Dewar (Surk Dewal),
qa r ya - i - Sa r dkoh, Sangi nak- i - Mehr A l i , Sokht a Jangal , Si yah Reg,
Shamaltu, Qar Nala, Kareza k (Karezak Wa Tangi ) , Kutak-i-Sabz Ab
(Sabz Ab), Kak-i-Shahr Khwab (Katok--Shahr Khawat ), Korla(Karo1a-i-
Khawat), Koh-i-Murdah-Sadan (Gaw Murda Wa-Siyah Reg) , Garm Ab, G ha-
riba ( G haribi-Ali Panah), Garmak, Miyana Bed, Marid (Mazid) , Mir
Bacha, Nau J oye Bed, Gardan Altan, Neka, Wagh, Warchno, Wakak
( Okak) , Yak h s h i , Sa r Be d, Qar ya- i - Emr an, Qarya-i-Bator (Qarya-i-
Jel ga Badur), Qarya-i-Dosa (Dosa J u r g h i ) , Qa r ya - i - Shur t ur Mur dah,
Qarya-i-Pand A l i ( Pendal i Kha wat) , Dawlat Beg, Khashi Bur j aki , Alu-
dani, Khawat, Cher ag h Sang-i-Nawur, Dang Aqa Beg, Dahan Suba, Anri,
Sar Qala-i-Abdar, Shamaki , Shamak, Qala-i-Nader Khan, Qala-i-Nawa,
Qala-i-Nau Pas hya, Qobi , Qot an, Qalai-i-C hobi-i-Asyab, Kamo k h, Ko-
chi , Mashota Qala, Momarak, Qar acha, Sar Qala-i-Abdar, and Qarya-i-
Hajat Bar g al i .
NAYAK &
34-44 66-57. Two f o r t vi l l a ge s , Nayak-i-Bala and Nayak-i-Pain, i n
t h e Band-i-Amir val l ey, bot h s i t u a t e d on t h e l e f t bank o f t h e st r eam
4 1/2 miles bel ow Fr i ozbahar , and t o g e t h e r cont ai ni ng 70 f ami l i es of
Hazara Sayyid s. (Maitland .)
NAYAK &
34- 66-. A smal l gl e n i n t h e Yakh Walang d i s t r i c t , r unni ng s o u t h
of , and par al l el t o, t h a t l e a di ng up t o t h e Bakkak pas s . (Mait-
land. )
*NAYAK &
34-5 67-34 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e Garmab st r eam, near Ger uqol
in Bamian pr ovi nce. Ot her pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name a r e l oc a t e d on a
t r i but ar y of t h e Ghor band, s o u t h o f Sur kh o Par sa i n Parwan pr ov-
i nce, a t 34-51 68-37 m.; on a t r i but a r y of t h e Helmand, one m i l e
nor t h of Bum in Maidan pr ovi nce, a t 34-27 68-5 m.
NAZARABAD JLT,~&
34-28 70-21 m. A vi l l age in t h e Sur kha b di vi s i on of t h e Jal al abad
di s t r i c t , on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Kabul r i ve r , near its j unct i on
with t h e Sur khab. ~n h a b i t a n t s : Taj i ks and Dehgans. ( Jenkyns. )
*NAZARKHEL &A
32-48 67-44 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d about 3 miles s o u t h we s t of Mukur
in Ghazni pr ovi nce.
NAZ I AN &,L
34-7 70-48 A. Nazian is a wol eswal i i n Nangarhar pr ovi nce. The
wol eswal i c ompr i s e s an ar ea o f 91 s qua r e ki l omet er s and ha s an
agr i cul t ur al popul at i on t h a t ha s been es t i mat ed a t from 2,485 t o
4,600. The wol eswal i is bounded in t h e nor t h by Loye Shi nwar , i n
t h e e a s t and s o u t h by Dar Baba, and in t h e w e s t by Achin. Nazian
has about 6 vi l l a ge s , 3 of whi ch have ove r 500 i nhabi t ant s . The
vi l l ages a r e l i s t e d in t h e PG a s f ol l ows: Sur obi (Kurobi), Tar kha,
Murchal, Kharmukhi o r Shar r nukhel , Bara Khel, and Landi (Landi Ka-
l ai ) . (LWA) In 1914 t h e ar ea was de s c r i be d a s f ol l ows:
A val l ey in t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t , s o u t h of Basawal. I t is a obut 8
miles i n l e n g t h , and is s t u d d e d wi t h f o r t s from one e xt r e mi t y t o t h e
ot he r , some of whi ch a r e f or mi dabl e pos i t i ons . Towar ds t h e s o u t h it
c ont r a c t s t o a narrow d e f i l e , l i ne d wi t h f o r t s i n many pa r t s , con-
f i n e d t o t h e be d of t h e nala, wi t h p r e c i p i t o u s r oc ky s i des .
1t is
i nha bi t e d by t h e Sangu Khel s e c t i o n of Shi nwar i s , and t her e is ,
f o r c e of 300 k h a s a d a r s q u a r t e r d i n t h e val l ey.
Duri ng t h e e a r l y Br i t i s h oc c upa t i on of Af ghani s t an, a f or ce under
Gener al She l t on moved out f r om Jal al abad, t o puni s h t h e Sangu Khels;
84 f o r t s were t a k e n i n t h e c o u r s e o f t h e ope r a t i ons ,
wi t h a l oss of
a bout 50 ki l l e d and wounded; among t h e f or mer were Lieutenant
Pi gou, of t h e Engi ne e r s , and Capt ai n Dougl as, A.A.G. (Shelton,
I .B.C.)
NAZ I R At
34- 69-. A s m a l l vi l l a ge i n t h e val l ey o f t h e l ower Logar, between
Deh-i-Nao and Karez-i-Daulat. I nhabi t ant s : Niazis. In 1880 t hi s
haml et c ont a i ne d 20 f ami l i es. ( Cl i f f o r d , Euan Smith .) Recent maps
s how t h e name Nasar, a t 34-4 69-3 m. (LWA)
NAZIR ABDUL WAHAB +b#+, bL
34- 69-. A s q u a r e f o r t i n t h e Kabul d i s t r i c t , 1 mi l e s out h o f
Aoshar , i nha bi t e d by Taj i ks. I t is s ur r ounde d by ga r de ns and culti-
vat i on. ( Kennedy. )
NAZIR ALI MUHAMMAD h & , b k
34- 69-. A smal l Tajik vi l l a ge i n t h e Cha r de h val l ey near Kabul.
It is c l o s e t o Bagh wana, and h a s 30 hous e s . (I.B.C.)
NAZ IR KHAN Ji , bL
33- 68-. A vi l l a ge 12 m i l e s f r om Ghazni , on t h e road t o Bannu via
Dawar; 2 5 hous e s . I nha bi t a nt s : Andar i s. Suppl i e s abundant, ex-
c e p t wood and g r a s s , whi c h a r e s c a r c e . Water from kar ez pl ent i ful
and good. (McLean.)
*NAZUK djjL
34-23 67-52 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d s ome 6 miles nor t h w e s t of Behsud
i n Maidan pr ovi nce.
*NAZUKKHEL
& d,jL
34- 13 68- 28 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d i n t h e Dar a- i - Jel ga, we s t of
Miran, in Maidan pr ovi nce.
*NEKA
k
33-11 69-16. Neka is an a l a qa da r i i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce. The alaqada-
ri c o mp r i s e s an a r e a o f 179 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s and ha s an agri cul t ur-
al popul a t i on t h a t ha s been e s t i ma t e d a t from 2, 610 t o 5,397. The
a l a qa da r i is bounded i n t h e w e s t by Sar hawza and Orma, in t h e north-
e a s t by J a dr a n, i n t h e s o u t h e a s t by Zel uk, and in t h e sout h by
Urgun. Neka h a s a bout 1 9 vi l l a ge s , 2 of whi ch have more t han 500
i nha bi t a nt s . The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d in t h e PG a s f ol l ows: Sadeq~
B z a k , Janat K hel , Se pa i ( Shapi - Khel ) , Fat eh Khan Kalai, ~h waja
Khel , Ashr af Khel, Nurakai , Tor i ( Tor ah) Khel , Zarbai, Barimi, Tori
Khel-i-Mangal, Sr ah Qala, Sur Kot, Khalai, Mana, Andal Khel (Andat
Khel ) , Miradak, Sayed Jan Kalai (Gul Jan Kalai), Oshakai , and Mira-
dak.
NEKA
k
A s ubdi vi s i on o f t h e Bacha-i-Ghulam cl an of Dai Zangi Hazaras.
*NEKAKHEL
34-56 69-24 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e panj s hi r r i ver , opposi t e
Gi ya s khe l i n Kapi sa pr ovi nce.
*NEKBAL &
33-19 69-44 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d a f e w miles e a s t o f Na d i r s h a h k o t ,
on t h e r oad t o Matun i n Pa kt i a pr ovi nc e .
NEKPAI J&
A small s e c t i o n o f t h e S h a i k h A l i Hazar as. Some 250 f a mi l i e s o f
t h i s s e c t i o n l i v e i n t h e Dara Kalan and a t Dahana, b o t h o f wh i c h
pl aces a r e i n t h e Gh o r i d i s t r i c t o f Ba da khs ha n. (Mai t l and. )
NEKPAI KOL &U'&
A l e a d mi ne i n t h e Ha z a r a mo u n t a i n s t o t h e e a s t o f t h e Lo g a r .
Ant i mony i n a me t a l l i c s t a t e is a l s o s a i d t o e x i s t i n t h e s a me
nei ghbourhood.
NEST1 KOT 4-
33-40 69-16 m. A v i l l a g e a b o u t 6 miles n o r t h e a s t o f Ga r de z , on t h e
road t h e n c e t o t h e Mi r z a ka i k o t a l . T h e i n h a b i t a n t s a r e Amazai
~ h i l z a i s . (I.B.C.)
NIAN Se e ANIAN
A s t r eam wi t h t h i s name is l o c a t e d a t 34-16 70-0 A.
NIASI fib
34- 69-. A s ma l l v i l l a g e o n t h e Ka b u l - Ch a r a s i a r o a d , n e a r Bi n i
Hisar. I nha bi t a nt s : G hi l z a i s . (I.B.C.)
NIAZAK djb
33- 69-. A v i l l a g e i n t h e Chakmani val l ey, a b o u t 3 m i l e s f r om its
mout h. (Kane.)
*NIAZGUL Jj b
34-14 69-12 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d on a t r i b u t a r y o f t h e Logar r i v e r ,
s o u t h e a s t o f Narai Kot i n Logar p r o v i n c e s .
*NIAZI sL;
33-9 68-44 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d ne a r Shar an wol es wal i s e a t , n o r t h -
e a s t of Mu s h k h e l i n Ghazni pr ovi nc e . Ot h e r p l a c e s wi t h t h i s name a r e
l oc a t e d near Khar ot i , s o u t h we s t o f Ni r kh i n Maidan p r o v i n c e , a t 34-
18 68-41 m.; on t h e Logar r i v e r , o p p o s i t e Narai Kot i n Logar pr ov-
i nce, a t 34-16 69-8 m.; a t 34-5 69-3 G. and 34-28 69-13 G.
NIAZI &b
A cl an of Po wi n d a h s wh i c h number s a b o u t 600 f a mi l i e s and is s u b d i -
vi de d i n t o f o u r sects, viz.:
Manrez Khel 150 t e n t s Musaud Khel 160 t e n t s
Nur k han Z O O t e n t s A l i k h el 8 0 t e n t s .
The r emai nder o f t h i s c l a n is l o c a t e d i n t h e v i c i n i t y o f I s a k h e l i n
t h e Bannu d i s t r i c t . The y a r e Br i t i s h s u b j e c t s and be l ong t o t h e
a g r i c u l t u r a l c l a s s . Ac c or di ng t o McMahon t h e ~ i a z i s a r e d e s c e n d e d
from t h e same s t o c k a s t h e Loha ni s (q.v.). (Lumsden. )
NIAZI ~j L;
33-45 69-6 m. A v i l l a g e i n t h e Al t i mur p a s s . I t c o n s i s t s o f t wo
haml et s. Th e i n h a b i t a n t s a r e ~ a y y i d s . Th e s l o p e on whi c h t h i s
vi l l a ge s t a n d s is wi t h i n 2, 000 y a r d s o f t h e t o p o f t h e p a s s on t h e
nor t h s i d e , and g u n s p o s t e d h e r e c oul d b e u s e d wi t h good e f f e c t on
t h e p a s s i t s e l f , a s w e l l a s on t h e l a s t 500 y a r d s o f r oad u p t o it.
On t h e o t h e r ha nd, i f t h e h e i g h t s a b o v e Ni azi were h e l d , t h e f o r c i n g
o f t h e p a s s woul d b e a d i f f i c u l t u n d e r t a k i n g f r om t h e Logar s i d e .
(McLean, Bi s h o p .)
NI AZ I
4t;
A t r i b e i nha bi t i ng a por t i on o f t h e val l ey of t h e Alingar. ~ h ,
~ i a z i Dara is a t r i but a r y g l e n t o wa r d s t h e s out h.
(Masson.)
NIAZI KHEL $.. (rik
34-47 70-19 G.
A vi l l a ge i n Laghman, s i t u a t e d on t h e l e f t bank of
t h e Al i ngar r i ve r , a bout 2 m i l e s n o r t h e a s t of Akinabad.
The inhabi-
t a n t s are Ghi l zai s.
The f ol l owi ng is t h e list of haml et s contained
i n t h e pl ace:
(1) Kala-i-Ghulam J a n ( 2) Kala-i-Sayyid Ahmad
( 3) ~a l a - i - Ami r Muhamnad ( 4) Kala-i-Mir Muhanad
( 5) Kala-i-Azundin ( 6) Kala-i-Painda Gul
( 7) ~ a l a - i - ~ i n g a wa r ( 8) Kala-i-Hazrat Nur
( 9) Kala-i-Malik Zahid ( 10) Kala-i-Tak
(11) ~ a l a - i - F a k i r Muhamnad Akhzun
(12) Kala-i-Sharfuddin
( 18 ) Kala- i-Hasan
( 14) Banda-i-Sharfuddin
(15) Kal a- i - Shar f udi n
(16) Kala-i-Ahmad Khan
(17) Kala-i-Umra
( 18) Kala-i-Malik Adam
( 19) Kala-i-AMul Kadi r
(Warburton. )
NI AZ KALA d j d ;
33- 68-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Ghazni d i s t r i c t , be t we e n Ghazni and Kala-
i-Nazir Khan. (McLean.)
*NI AZKHEL bj d;
34-53 69-42 m. A vi l l a ge l o c a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Tagab river,
a bout 5 miles n o r t h e a s t o f Tagab i n Kapi sa pr ovi nce.
*NIAZULLAH Uj d;
33-19 68-16 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d some 8 miles nor t he a s t of Musha-
ka i on t h e r oad t o Ghazni i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
NICHINGUL
J b
35-24 71-12 m. A val l ey whi ch j oi ns t h e r i g h t of t h e Bashgul near
t h e vi l l a ge o f Kamdesh i n Kaf i r i st an. A pa t h l e a d s up it t o t he
Kungani p a s s and s o on t o t h e Pr e s un or Pech r i ver . Kashtan is
p a s s e d a t 3 miles, and a m i l e beyond t h e val l ey nar r ows great l y.
A t
1 3 m i l e s t h e Mungilah Gul comes i n from t h e nor t h; u p it is said to
r un a r oad t o t h e Madugal count r y. From 8 t o 20 miles t h e r i se i s
3 , 0 0 0 f e e t ; t h e h i l l s a r e ba r e s a v e f o r g r a s s e s and s hr ubs . A good
campi ng pl a c e a t 20 miles. El evat i on 11, 600.
Th e r oad now b e g i n s t o a s c e nd s t e e p l y t o t h e Kungani pas s , but apart
from t h e s e v e r i t y of t h e g r a d i e n t t h e r e is no di f f i c ul t y. A t 20 1/2
miles t h e t wo Aramgul s a r e p a s s e d , u p bot h o f whi ch t h e r e ar e said
t o b e r o a d s whi c h l e a d ove r p a s s e s i n t o Waigul. The summit of t he
Kungani is r e a c he d a t 23 miles e l e va t i on 14, 600 f e e t . Rise i n l ast
3 miles 3, 000 f e e t . The d e s c e n t w e s t is by t h e ~zhar nzhal gul , t he
f i r s t 1, 300 f e e t bei ng ve r y s t e e p . The Pr esun, or Wezgul, as it is
now c a l l e d, is r e a c h e d a t 6 m i l e s from t h e crest of t h e pass, i9e.t
29 miles f r om wh e r e t h e Ba s hgul is q u i t t e d . ( Rober t son. )
NI JRAO O r NIJRAB (+l+ ) J'+
34-58 69-34.
Nijrab is a wol eswal i i n Parwan pr ovi nce. The woks-
wali c o mp r i s e s an a r e a o f 58 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s and has an agricultu-
r a l popul a t i on t h a t ha s been e s t i ma t e d a t from 25,986 t o 20,652.
The wol es wal i is bounde d i n t h e west by Mehmud Raqi, in t h e north-
w e s t by Durnama, i n t h e n o r t h by Panj s hi r ,
in t h e s out heas t by
uasai, i n t h e s o u t h by Tagab and Kohe Saf i .
Nijrab i ncl udes about
159 vi l l a ge s , o f whi c h 17 ha ve more t ha n 500 i nhabi t ant s- The
v i l l a g e s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f o l l o ws : I b r a h i m Kh e l , Ke k i ,
brah him Khel Pa c h g han, Abi Khel , Arbab Khel , Za r s hoi , J a n g a l Bagh,
~ a l a - i - S a r b e l a n d , Es h n o Dar a P o t a , Lal a Kh e l (Al l ah Khel ) , Omba,
Roza Khel , Ahangar an, Es ki l i , Babi Khel , Ba k hana(Bak han) , Ba qe r
Khel, Bazid Khel , Bagh-i-Aman, Bala Deh, Baba Sayad (Bala He s a r ) ,
Badakhi , Loka Khel Pa c hg han, Par Yad, Yas i nzai , Kh waja Ghar , Kh waja
Ghaus, Dachi Khel , Del yar , Dos t Beg Khel , Doghabad, Dawl at Khan
Khel, Do Qa wmi , Paj en, Pasha- i - Pachg han, Pasha-i-K h a r e j Dara, Pand
Waras, Taj ekan, Tar ur i , Tur chi yan, Tuman Khel , J an Baba Khel , Jer-
i - ~ e r o z , J amj ugh ( J ambogh) , J ol ayan, J u r g h a l , Ch a r S a f h a ( Chad Sa f -
ha), Ch a s h t Kohi , Deh G h a wc h a k , Ag haz, Lag hman, Tur nak, Dara J ay,
Chakanda, Coc ha Khel , Haji Khel , Haj i an, Husai n Khan Khel , Hai der
Khel Af ghani a, Ar sal ah Khel , Kando Khel , Tor Khel , Hai der Khel
Far ukhs ha, Khus r ow Khel , Dara Kalani, Deh Khaki , Deh Qazi , Deh
as hi, Deh Pachkam, Deh Malo, Deh Nau, Mulla Khel , Ab Che s hma ,
Aski ni Dara Pat a ( Ras h ki n) , Zekr i a Khel , Zendah Ghi n, Sabat , S e r g hi ,
Sh a g h e r i ( Se g h r i ) , Juma Khel , Sul t a n Sh a h Khel , Loka Khel Dara Pat a,
Nau J oi , Sayyi dum Khel (Si rum Khel ) , Shoj a Khel , Sh a r i f Khel , S h a f i
Khel, Sha i kha n, S h e r Khan Khel , S h e r Wani Su f l a , S h e r Wani Ulya,
Salah Khel , Tul a (Taka), Zuhr i , Abdul Khel , Kurah, Alin, Omer Khel
Dara F a r u k h s h a h , Wali Khel , Baba-i-Khel, Ayar Khel Suf l a , Zolm Khel ,
Ayar Khel Ulya, Deh Rawan (Deh Ghor i ) , Gha z i Beg Khel , Gha c hul a n,
Ghundar a, Ghi n Pa c hga n ( Ghani Bachakhan) , Ghoj an, Ghor a ( Ghor a h) ,
Farruk h Shah Khel , Baba-i-Khel, Wali Khel , Qer G h a s h , Qal acha, Qala-
i-Ghani, Qal a-i -Khanj er, Qala-i-Khwaja, Qubad Khel , Kaka Khel , Kam-
sar , Qayl ai , Kul hud, Gomman Garan, Kamanduk, Kurma, Gul KO Khel ,
Gal hi n, Lik-i-Lama, Matan, Mohammad Khan Khel (Mohammad J a n Khel ) ,
Mazur Khel , Mulla Gh a s h (Mulla Ghani ) , Mir Khan Khel , Mir Khwaj a
Khel, Fer ozai , Malik Khel , Namol (Nal on) , Nak h c h i c h a , Nag har i , Nal-
kha, Waqsar ( Wami qsar ) , Wes har , Wehar, Homayun, Hura ( Hoda) , Yasi n
Khel, Aspa Khel , Sp i n Kundi , Pa c hi Khel , Far z Khel , Nawakhan, K i l i -
gai , Shah Ka Khel , S e h d e h , Khozer t an, Tapa-i-Ahmad Beg, Dawl at Khan
Khel, Babor ki Khel , Yahya Khel , Tor khan, Pa s ha Deh, and Soka Khel .
(LWA) In 1914 t h e a r e a was d e s c r i b e d a s f ol l ows : A va l l e y b e t we e n
Tagao and Pa nj s hi r . I t is u n d e r s t o o d t o f or m o n e o f t h e f o u r s u b d i -
vi s i ons o f Kohi s t an; b u t v e r y little is known a b o u t it, and it h a s
never been mapped.
The wa t e r s o f t h e Ni j rao f a l l i n t o t h e Pa nj s hi r near t h e Kora Kand-
a01 t h e p a s s wh i c h c o n n e c t s t h e Ni j rao wi t h t h e he a d o f t h e Tagao
val l ey. A l i t t l e a b o v e t h i s t h e l o n g val l ey o f Pachi gan j oi ns it
from t h e r i g h t , u p wh i c h is t h e mos t d i r e c t r oad t o Far aj ghan.
Fu r t h e r u p t h e Ni j rao s t r e a m, a b o u t 10 miles, is t h e v i l l a g e of
Kandi, a t wh i c h b r a n c h o f f f o u r d i f f e r e n t val l eys . Th e e a s t e r n mo s t
one agai n s e p a r a t e s i n t o t wo g l e n s , e a c h l e a d i n g t o Far aj ghan. Th e
t h r e e o t h e r s l e a d i n t o Pa nj s hi r .
The val l ey is v e r y p o p u l o u s and h a s , a c c o r d i n g t o Molloy, a popul a-
t i o n o f a b o u t 4 , 0 0 0 T a j i k s a n d 3 , 0 0 0 S a f i f a mi l i e s . P e r s i a n is
c h i e f l y s p o k e n by al l t h e Ta j i ks , b u t t h o s e o f t h e Pachi gan va l l e y
t al k t h e "Pashai " l a ngua ge . Jal al - ud- di n Khan, a n e p h e w o f Ghul am
Haidar Khan, Si pa h Sal ar , is s a i d t o b e haki m a t t h e p r e s e n t t i m e
( 1895) .
The Ni j r aoi s had a l wa ys b e e n i n d e p e n d e n t o f t h e rulers o f Kabul
Pr e vi ous t o t h e r e i g n o f S h e r A l i and it was onl y i n t h e l a s t t wo
Years o f h i s rul e t h a t t h e y were f o r c e d t o own a l l e g i a n c e t o him.
H e appoi nt ed Governors and obt ai ned revenue. The f i r s t Governor, M i r
Agha, was s u p p o s e d t o h a v e e n r i c h e d hi ms e l f ha nds ome l y d u r i n g h i s
t e n u r e o f Go v e r n o r s h i p , payi ng ony a s mal l p o r t i o n o f t h e r e v e n u e t o
t h e Gover nment . Th e s e c o n d Gover nor Mir Akbar , was unpopul a r , and
was o b l i g e d t o f l y t h e c o u n t r y ; and Abdul Karim, t h e t h i r d Gover-
n o r , l e f t t h e v a l l e y o n t h e d e f e a t o f t h e Ami r ' s t r o o p s a t A l i
Masid, a f t e r whi c h t h e p e o p l e became agai n i nde pe nde nt , or nearly
SO.
1t is s ai d t h a t , i n t h e t i m e of Nadi r Sha h, t h e Nijraois so far
submi t t ed t o t h a t monarch t h a t t he y each gave a wooden peg as a mark
o f a l l e gi a nc e , but t h e y pai d no r evenue.
The whol e val l ey is w e l l wa t e r e d and h i g h l y pr oduct i ve. Mulberries,
whe a t , r i c e , mai ze and bar l ey, a r e t h e c h i e f pr oduc t s . 1t is said
t o e x c e e d i n f e r t i l i t y t h e whol e o f t h e numer ous val l eys of Afghani-
s t an. Mer chant s f r om t h e Koh Daman and Kohi st an make l ar ge put-
c h a s e s f r om Nijrao o f a l l k i n d s of gr ai n. The hi l l s and t h e upper
e n d s o f t h e br a nc hi ng g l e n s a r e c ove r e d wi t h pi ne trees. The chil-
gha z a , or e d i b l e pi ne, is pl e nt i f ul , a s a l s o a r e walnuts.
A c o n s i d e r a b l e t r a d e is c a r r i e d on by Kuchi s, who br i ng goods from
Pes hawar , a voi di ng Kabul and t h e s e v e r e t a xa t i ons of t ha t route.
Th e ka f i l a s br anch o f f from Jal al abad t o Laghman, and going by the
Ba dpa kht p a s s r e a c h Nagulu on t h e Kabul r i ve r and pr oceed up the
Tagao val l ey t o Nijrao and t h e ohi is tan.
A t r a d e is a l s o c a r r i e d on wi t h Far aj ghan. The pe opl e t her e are
mostly in want of powder, lead, copper , dye s and cot t on cloths, which
t h e y e x c h a n g e f o r g hi , s h e e p , and gi l i ms , or c a r p e t s of goat s' hair.
The p e o p l e o f ~ i j r a o a r e s a i d t o be h o s p i t a b l e and more simple than
t h e o t h e r i nha bi t a nt s of t h e ohi is tan, and t h e y c ont r a s t favourably
wi t h t h e Pa nj s hi r i s , who a r e al ways a t enmi t y one wi t h t h e other.
T h e r e is s a i d t o b e g r e a t mi n e r a l we a l t h i n t h e ~ i j r a o valley.
( St e wa r d, Molloy.)
N I KARA c,&:
34- 70-. A l a r g e v i l l a g e i n t h e Al i nga r v a l l e y , s a i d t o contain
5, 000 h o u s e s (?). Here t h e r e is a g i g a n t i c f i g u r e of t h e god "Gul -
shor . " Ni kara can b e r e a c he d in t h i r t e e n da ys from Chi t r al , by t he
Kalash and Ba s hgul r out e . (McNair.) Re c e nt maps show t h e name
Nengar ao, a t 34-56 70-22. (LWA)
NIL &$A
34-48 67-22 G. El evat i on 11. 610 f e e t . A kot a l c r os s e d in t h e 3rd
s t a g e of t h e Bamian-DaulatYar main r oad.
I t p r e s e n t s no di f f i cul t y;
t h e t o t a l rise from Kar ghanat u, 4 3/4 miles, bei ng 950 f e e t . The
d e s c e n t is onl y a bout 85 f e e t . (Maitland.) Thi s pa s s is about 1 2
miles west of Sha hi da n i n Parwan pr ovi nce. (LWA)
NILAK, KOH-I
A l o c a l name f or t h e Koh-i-Kirghui.
*NILAO A
35-13 70-17 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Pashalt
nor t heas t of Nawak zung in Lag hman province.
*NILAY Or NIL1
J
34-47 69-32 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e panjshir
r i ve r , s o u t h we s t of Tagab i n Kapi sa pr ovi nce.
Anot her pl ace w i t h
t h i s name is s o u t e a s t o f Nauruzi in ~ h a z n i pr ovi nce, a t 33-1
67-48
m.
NIL1
d
33-43 66-8 A. A l oc a l i t y i n t h e c ount r y of t h e Dai Kundis.
N I MAKAO
#
35-1 68-57 A.
A gl en draining sout hwar ds from t h e Hindu Kush to the
Ghor band val l ey whi ch it j oi ns a t a bout 1 7 miles above Tutam Dara*
I t is t r a v e r s e d t h r o u g h o u t its l e n g t h by a r oad l eadi ng from Ghor-
band, over t h e Walian p a s s a t t h e head of t h e gl en, i nt o t h e Khinjan
valley. A c ons i de r a bl e st r eam r u n s down t h e gl en; it is s ai d t o
be unf or dabl e i n summer in t h e l ower pa r t of its c our s e . The r oad,
however, k e e p s t o t h e l e f t bank t h e whol e way, a t times r unni ng u p
i nt o t h e h i l l s t o avoi d c r o s s i n g t h e st r eam. A t about 14 m i l e s from
its mouth t h e Nimakao gl e n is j oi ned, from t h e e a s t , by a r avi ne
cal l ed t h e Dara Nao, or Kondilan; u p t h i s r avi ne a t r a c k, s ai d t o
be pr act i cabl e f o r hor s emen and Af ghan camel s, l e a d s over t h e Pech-
o-pech kotal and down t h e gl en of t h e same name t o t h e Kaoshan gl en,
which it j oi ns a t a bout 11 miles s o u t h of t h e Kaoshan pas s . Thi s
forms an a l t e r na t i ve a ppr oa c h t o t h e Kaoshan p a s s when t h e r oad in
t h e l ower p a r t o f t h e Kaoshan gl e n is i mpas s abl e owi ng t o t h e s w e l -
l i ng of t h e st r eam i n s pr i ng. (I.B.C.)
NIMGALAM O r NANGALAM t%
34-58 70-55 m. A vi l l a ge o f 80 h o u s e s in Kaf i r i st an. I t is s i t ua t e d
on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Pech r i ve r near t h e j unct i on wi t h t h e l a t t e r
of t h e Waigul. The r e is a good wooden b r i d g e a c r o s s t h e Waigul j u s t
above t h e j unct i on o f t h e t wo r i ve r s . Suppl i e s a r e p l e n t i f u l a t
Nimgalam. (I.B.C.)
N IMLA A
34-18 70-6 A. El evat i on 3,550 f e e t . A vi l l age in t h e Jal al abad
d i s t r i c t 5 1/2 miles e a s t o f Gandamak. I t c ont a i ns some 200 fami-
l i e s of Khugi ani s. The i nha bi t a nt s p o s s e s s about 900 head of cat -
t l e, 500 s h e e p and goa t s , and 50 hor s e s . The r e a r e a bout 700 j a r i bs
of land unde r cul t i vat i on, yi el di ng an a ve r a ge annual pr oduc e of
about 44,500 I ndi an maunds. R i c e , c ot t on and var i ous k i n d s of p u l s e
ar e al so gr own. Fodde r e nough f o r 4,000 ani mal s f o r one da y can be
col l ect ed from Nimla and nei ghbour hood. Fuel is pr ocur abl e from t h e
nei ghbour i ng hi l l s . The r e is good gr azi ng gr ound f o r camel s. Land-
tax is a s s e s s e d a t t h e r a t e of 4 kr a ns i n c a s h, and 5 Kabuli maunds
of wheat i n ki nd, p e r jarib. The t ot a l r evenue is s ai d t o amount t o
18,000 kr ans.
Ther e is a ver y f i n e ol d ga r de n a t Nimla, s ai d t o have been made by
Shah Jehan; it is f u l l of ve r y ol d pl ane and c y p r e s s trees. In
many c a s e s t h e t r u n k s of t h e s e trees a r e q u i t e hol l ow from a ge , but
t he y have been f i l l e d wi t h cement unde r t h e A m i r ' s o r d e r s t o pr e-
s e r ve t h e memory of t h e i r pl ant er . Water e n t e r s a t t h e t o p of t h e
gar den and f l o ws t h r o u g h o u t its l e n g t h i n s uc c e s s i on of 4 masonry
r e s e r voi r s e a c h 10 f e e t wi de, wi t h a f a l l of 6 f e e t bet ween each.
The gar den is a bout 400 y a r d s by 375 in e x t e n t and is s ur r ounde d by
a hi gh wall; t h i s w a l l was p u t i nt o a t hour oug h s t a t e of r e pa i r by
Ami r Abdur Rahman when he vi si t ed t h e garden in 1885. In t h e cent r e
of t h e ga r de n is a pl at f or m about 75 y a r d s s qua r e , r ai s ed t o a
h e i g h t of 8 f e e t above t h e gr ound. Fr ui t and f l owe r s of a l l s o r t s
abound.
A new s ar ai was bui l t in 1905 about 400 y a r d s wes t - s out h west of t h e
gar den. Bot h t h e ga r de n and t h e s ar ai lie in a hol l ow commanded on
t h e e a s t , s o u t h and w e s t by t h e e d g e s of t h e Nimla pl at eau. A good
camping gr ound e x i s t s on t h e s o u t h e r n s l o p e s of t h i s pl at eau, wi t h
an ampl e s u p p l y of good wat er. (Malleson, Wanliss, I.B.C., J ohn-
ston.) Recent maps show t h e spel l i ng MemLa. (LWA)
NINGRAHAR O r NANGRAHAR Al so See NANGARHAR
>LA
34-15 70-30 A. A pr ovi nce in e a s t e r n Af ghani st an. For i nf or mat i on
on t h e per i od pr i or t o 1912, see Nangarhar. In 1912 t h i s ar ea was
de s c r i be d a s f ol l ows : The ol d name of t h e Jal al abad val l ey, and
still commonly a ppl i e d t o t h e s out he r n por t i on of t h a t d i s t r i c t ;
t h e t r a c t now known by t h i s name is bounded r oughl y a s f ol l ows: on
t h e w e s t and n o r t h by t h e Sur kha b and Kabul r i ve r s , and on t he east
and s o u t h by t h e Indo-Afg han f r o n t i e r . The name is popularly sup-
p o s e d t o s i g n i f y " t h e l and o f ni ne r i ve r s " ( t hough t h e t ract of
c ount r y d e s c r i b e d a bove c a nnot b e s ai d t o cont ai n t h a t number), and
is e xpl a i ne d by a combi nat i on o f t h e Per s i an nuh, or nine, and t h e
Arabi c nahar , or r i ver . Bel l ew, howe ve r , s t a t e s t h a t it is really a
wor d of much mor e a n c i e n t or i gi n, de r i ve d from t h e Sanskri t nau
vi har a, or ni ne mona s t e r i e s , t h e val l ey havi ng been a ver y flourish-
i ng c e n t r e o f Buddi sm a s l a t e a s t h e 5 t h c e nt ur y.
The f ol l owi ng d e s c r i p t i o n is gi ve n of t h e i nha bi t a nt s of Ningrahar:
"The ~ i n g r a h a r i wear s a s h o r t i s h c oa t , but t one d a t t h e shoul der , and
a pa gr i wi t h o u t a kul l ah. H e t a l k s Pus ht u, s l i g h t l y di f f e r i ng from
our Fr ont i e r d i a l e c t s , b u t mos t near l y r es embl i ng t h a t spoken i n the
yus a f zai d i s t r i c t . H e is d i s t i n c t l y mor e of a f i g h t i n g man than his
ne i g hbour s t h e Lag hmani and t h e Kunari."
Ni ngr ahar a p p e a r s t o b e one o f t h e gr a na r i e s o f Kabul, and should be
a bl e t o f u r n i s h s u p p l i e s f o r a l a r g e f o r c e anywher e on t he line
be t we e n Dak ka and Jal al abad. Qua nt i t i e s of wheat , barley, Indian
c or n, etc., a r e e x p o r t e d t o Kabul, and i n t h e summer of 1903, whilst
t h e whol e o f t h e rest o f Af gha ni s t a n was s u f f e r i n g from famine,
Ni ngr ahar i t s e l f was n o t a f f e c t e d . The nor t he r n por t i on of the
d i s t r i c t is wa t e r e d b y i r r i g a t i o n f r om t h e Kabul r i v e r and t h e
s o u t h e r n by means o f Karez. (I.B.C.)
N I RKH ci
34-22 68-48. Nirk h is an a l a qa da r i i n Wardak pr ovi nce. The alaqa-
d a r i c o mp r i s e s an a r e a of 480 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s and has a popula-
t i on t h a t h a s be e n e s t i ma t e d a t f r om 7, 728 t o 10, 187. The alaqadari
is bounde d i n t h e w e s t by Day Mi rdad, i n t h e nor t h by Jalriz and
Maydan Shar , i n t h e e a s t by Muhammad Agha, and i n t h e s out h by Pul-
i- lam, Sayed Abad, and Chak-i-Wardak. Nirk h i nc l ude s 70 villages,
o f whi ch 5 ha ve mor e t h a n 500 i nha bi t a nt s . The vi l l ages ar e l i st ed
i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows : Deh Hayat, Karimdad, Markhana, Omar Khel,
Qal a- i - 1smai l Kh o s r a w, Qal a- i - Tat ur , Ta s h l u q , Qala-i-Tawa, Qala-i-
Pi r da d, Qalai-Ghulam Hai dar , J oy Asyab, Bajawri, Odah Khel, ~hwa j a
Bol and , Wala-i- Wa ki l - i - Abd u l Sal am, Qala-i-Mohammad Alam, Qala-i-
K hai r o, Qala-i-Ismail-i-Kh or a w K hel , Qala-i-A w a l K hel , Dadel, Qala-
1- Shah, Qal a- i - Dadel , Qal a- i - Mi r za Khe l , Qala-i-Allah Yar Khel,
Qala-1-Qol-i-Musa, Qal a- i - Bel al K h el, Qala-i-Ze ya r a t , Qala-i-Boc ha,
Qala-i-G h und i , Qal a- i - Bal uch Kh el, Qal a-i -Nandar Khel, ~ala-i-Kul
Khe l , Qala-i-G h a z i K h e l , Qala-i-Dar wi z K h e l , Qala-i-Yaqub Khel,
Qala-i-Masum Khel, Sad Murda, Chi nzai , ~a l a - i - Sur kh, Rustam Khel,
Shams hi r , Ab Khana, Haji, Azi muddi n Wat pur, Pachak, ~ala-i-Kharoti-
i -To k a r a k , Qal a- i - Sul t an, Qala-i-Abd u l Rahman, ~al a- i - Aqchi , Deb
BOC h i , Qal a- i - Kot ag i, Qala-i-Kh i ya l i , Qala-i-Ac ha K he l , ~ a l a - i -
Aslam, Deh Kher qa, I smai l Khel, A m e r Khel, Qala-i-Sad Barg, ~ q c h i ,
Qala-i-Mo hammad Akbar, Qala-i-Mohammad Shah, ~al a-i -Jamal , ~al a- i -
Aqa Gul f Qala-i-Sayed Khan, an-i-~zat, Deh Muslem, Shah Kabul,
Shahabuddi n, Tai Tamur, Chaghar , A w a l Khel, Chashma Khel, Andart
Durani, Qala-i-Awal Khel Omar Khel, Niazi Tokar ak, ~al a- i - Ti r , Deb
Parak Deh Khur dak, Qarya-i-Nehak, and Chi no. (LWA) In 1914 t hi s
a r e a was d e s c r i b e d a s f ol l ows : A l a r g e , w e l l cul t i vat ed valley,
wi t h its head i n t h e main Koh-i-Baba r a nge , dr ai ni ng nort h and
de bouc hi ng i n t o t h e Ghor band val l ey 1 m i l e bel ow in-i-Seewake A
camel r oad l e a d s u p it t o t h e Ni r kh Kotal f o r Karezak (pea'
cocke. )
NIRKH
c+
34- 68-. A t r i but a r y o f t h e Kabul r i ve r whi c h, r i s i ng i n t h e Sad-
marda r a nge , f l o ws i n an e a s t e r l y d i r e c t i o n and j oi ns t h e K~~~~
r i ver about 6 m i l e s bel ow Kota-i-Ashru. The Ni rkh val l ey, whi ch is
i ncl uded i n t h e Maidan d i s t r i c t , is h i g h l y c ul t i va t e d and is s ai d t o
cont ai n many vi l l ages . The i nha bi t a nt s o f t h e val l ey a r e Ghi l zai s.
(Wan1 i ss .
NISADGUL JJL
35- 71-. A s m a l l campi ng gr ound i n t h e Bas hgul val l ey, i n Kafiri-
st an, 9 m i l e s above Ki r kot (Arnawai). (I.B.C.)
*NISHAGAM ~SL; ;
35-8 71-23 M. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e Kunar r i ve r near Bargam in
Kunar pr ovi nce.
NISHAHAR 4 2
33- 68-. A v i l l a g e a t t h e head of t h e Charkh va l l e y. (McLean.)
NISHAN "k
34- 69-. A v i l l a g e i n t h e v a l l e y o f t h e l o we r Loga r ( No r t h e r n
di vi si on) , s i t u a t e d on t h e west of t h e Kabul road. The i nha bi t a nt s
ar e Taj i ks, and in 1880 t h e r e wer e onl y t h r e e f ami l i es i nha bi t i ng
t h e pl ace. ( Cl i f f or d, Euan Smi t h .)
*NI ZAMKHEL brlb;
32-50 69-24 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e Margha Rud, some 4 m i l e s
from t h e Paki s t an bor de r i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
NOACH Or NAWACH c i
35-13 69-13 A. A vi l l age in t h e Salang dar a, 1 m i l e above Parwan.
Ther e is room f o r t wo ba t t a l i ons t o encamp h e r e on a s t o n y and
gr avel l y f l a t , and f u r t h e r s p a c e is avai l abl e a t Kalata, 1 1/4 miles
hi ghe r up t h e val l ey. The r e is g r a s s h e r e on t h e hi l l - s i des , and
s c a t t e r e d b u s h e s f o r f ue l . Cl os e by is t h e vi l l age of Shangol .
(I.B.C.)
NOAR See NAWAR J+
NOBALA
Y L ,
34-19 67-12 G. A s m a l l vi l l age o f 6 h o u s e s in (1904) on t h e l e f t
bank of t h e Si ah Dara, about 10 m i l e s e a s t o f Panjao s er ai . (Wan-
liss.)
*NODAL J J+
34-13 68-22 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a f e w miles e a s t of Miran i n
Maidan pr ovi nce.
NOWALA dt+
35- 69-. A Tajik vi l l age in t h e Char i kar d i s t r i c t , s i t ua t e d unde r
t h e hi l l s l e f t of t h e Panj s hi r st r eam, be t we e n Bazarak and Anada
(Anaba?), 20 h o u s e s of Taj i ks. ( Shahzada Taimus.)
*NUKA s+
33-13 67- 41 m. A vi l l age in t h e Nawa-i-Barik, n o r t h e a s t of Luman
in Ghazni pr ovi nce.
NUKDARI
A t r i b e mentioned by Babar a s l i v i n g w e s t of Kabul. (Babar. )
& A*
NUKUR KHEL (h )&A
34-15 70-3 G. A vi l l age in t h e Khugi ani di vi s i on of t h e ~a l a l a b a d
d i s t r i c t , a bout 3 miles s o u t h we s t o f Gandamak. I nhabi t ant s: Khar-
bun Khugi ani s. ( Jen kyns. )
Chut ar , Linar, Si dur , Achgor , Pasant o (Pests), Gul Neshan, g ad
Gazin pacha ( ~a c ha - Pa i c ha) , Poshal , Nd u , Atrara (Atalra), Jani ~ h ~ l
*NUM RI ZAY ckr I*
31-56 68-53 m. A vi l l age on t h e Helal Ni keh Mandeh i n southern
Ghazni pr ovi nce.
NUR See DARA-I-NUR J+
* NU RA '~r
34-56 70-5 m. A vi l l age on t h e Al i shang r i ver , 2 miles north of
~ u s u k in Laghman province.
NURDI 6 Ji
El evat i on 2,500 f e e t . A haml et of s i x or s even hous es only, also
cal l ed Upper Bailam, on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Kunar valley, j ust
below t h e Garbar vi l l age of Pal asgar. I t s t a n d s on t h e r i ght bank of
t h e Vi l i gul o r Chugr i kor Nala, whi ch s e p a r a t e s it from t h e f i el ds of
Pal asgar. I t is about 1, 000 ya r ds up-st ream from t h e village of
Bailam. I t s i nha bi t a nt s a r e A g bans and Shai k hs . (Robertson. )
*NUR GUL Ju:
34-36 70-45. Nur Gul is an al aqadar i in Nangarhar province. The
al aqadar i c ompr i s e s an area of 370 s qua r e ki l omet er s and has an
a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on t h a t ha s been est i mat ed a t from 7 , 4 2 6 to
17, 620. The al aqadar i is bounded in t h e west by Dara-i-Nur and Kauz
Kunar, in t h e s o u t h by Kama and Gos ht a Khwaja Zemar, in t h e east by
Khas Kunar and Chawki , and in t h e nor t h by Chapa Dara. Nur G u l has
about 18 vi l l ages , 8 of whi ch have more t han 500 i nhabi t ant s. The
vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows: Nur Gul-i-Ulya, Nur Gul -
i - Suf l a , Pat an, Si ya h Qal a (Miya Qal a) , Dara-i-Mazar, Tora Tizha
( Si yah Sa n g ) , Si nz a i Mazar, Lodl am ( Lot g er am) , Warina, Mashud
(Masud-i-G hazi bad) , Wazir, Wad ir G hazi bad ( G hazi bad) , Shamasut (Sha-
mash) , Bela, Mama Gul, Shawat ( Shol at ) , Garbuz-i-G hazibad (Awrak-i-
G hazi bad) , Bal Nasrai (Bal Zai) , and Qarya-i-Arit (Adit).
NURGUL cbA6
34-36 70-45 A. The Nurgul vi l l ages a r e s i t ua t e d on t h e r i ght bank
of t h e Kunar, 26 miles from Jalalabad. Ther e is a gr eat deal of
cul t i vat i on and pl e nt y of gr ound f o r camping but t h e l at t er is
i r r i ga t e d, and would be uns ui t abl e a f t e r much rain. (Coldstream.)
NURI C L I ~
A s e c t i on of t h e Daulatpai Besud Hazaras. A vi l l age with t hi s name
is l oc a t e d a t 33-17 66-22 G.
NUR I STAN &A6
34-55 70-22. Nuri st an is a wol eswal i in Laghman province. The
wol eswal i , whi ch c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 3,637 s quar e ki l omet ers, has
an a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on t h a t ha s been est i mat ed a t from 11,330 to
22,478. I t is bounded i n t h e nor t h by Panj shi r and Keran o Munjan,
in t h e e a s t by Chapa Dara and i n t h e s out h by Alingar and Al i shi ng~
and in t h e w e s t and s o u t h we s t by Daul at shah and ~ a n j s h i r . The
wol eswal i c ont a i ns about 77 vi l l ages , 16 of whi ch have more than 500
i nhabi t ant s . The vi l l ages a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s fol l ows:
Wad H U , Mamo, Kundi Sila, Shamgal ( Let gal ) , Bachra (Lara), Pashagar
( Pas hgar ) , No ka, Shama, C hayel , Bag h-i-Tarang, Jan ya (Joniya), Chan-
da l da r i (Jangal Dari) , Kand u, Piyar (Taipar) , aha an-i-Piyar, Gamba-
tat Shot r a Gambata, Khander Gambatra, Pal osi , Guraj, I skando (Skan-
do) , Bandal, Ani sh, KO-Yesht, Duni, Awpoah, Dahan Koyesht, Mandolt
(Jana ~ h e l ) , Sha ka r Nal, Bala Murghab, Shal i dur , Deh So k h t a , Lasht a-
gam, ~ a i Kamar, Pot l a, Nilab, Mashwak ( Shawak) , Korgal, Pala Gal,
~ a c h a g a l (Baj agal ), Kori, Par kdar i , Korna, Chat ak war ( Shad is), Mash-
w i ( ~ a s w i ) , Malik Mi nok, Dara Fa l a k , Jawaj am- Kot , Kol t an, Kora
( ~ o r a ) , ati in, Deba Kalai, Pando ( Pandar o) , Ke l e m, Shak ur , Monawar
(Mangor), Gor i z ( Gor buz ) , Mal i l , Ma s h f a , Na k r a h , Kul c ha Khel - i -
Kal t an, Sh a mk a l Guj a r - ha , Ba l g o s h Qawm-i-Gujar, Nangaraj, Saray,
~ u s h a n , Rumonar, Gudar, Ti t a, Yurnul , Deh Kalan, Shaqa, and Tabta.
NURI URDI 6 4 &+
A t r i b e ment i oned by Wood a s i nha bi t i ng t h e d i s t r i c t of Yur t and t h e
valley of Si ah Sang.
NUR KADEH 8 &i
A low k o t a l between t h e Diwal Kol and Badasi a v a l l e y .
NURKAH
A s e c t i on of t h e Dai Zangi Hazar as.
NUR KHAN +J$
33- 69-. A vi l l a ge 3 1/2 m i l e s n o r t h e a s t of t h e Mirzakai kot al , on
t h e road t o Kurram. (I.B.C.)
NUR KHEL bJi
A vi l l age in t h e Besud di vi s i on o f t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t . I nhabi -
t ant s: Dehgans and Taj i ks. ( Jenkyns. )
NUR MUHAMMADA
A smal l s e c t i o n of t h e Muhammad Khwaja Hazar as.
NUR-UL-ISLAM tY-Y\,+
Th e name wh i c h t h e Amir, i n 1 9 0 6 , o r d e r e d t o b e a d o p t e d f o r
Kaf i r i s t a n (now cal l ed Nur i st an) .
NURZAI-0-USHTURI
&+\,>I&
A vi l l age in t h e Besud di vi s i on o f t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t . I nhabi -
t ant s: Taj i ks and Arabs. ( Jenkyns. )
OBA I..!'
32-59 67-54 G. A vi l l a ge on t h e r oad from Kandahar t o Ghazni , 14
miles from Mukur and 12 m i l e s from Jamrud. The vi l l a ge is mar ked by
a l a r g e t r e e , near whi ch a st r eam o f c l e a r wat er r u n s o u t from a
karez. Acr os s t h i s s t r eam ( goi ng from t h e h i g h r oad) is t h e encamp-
i ng gr ound on an ope n, wa s t e pl ai n. The f ol l owi ng a r e t h e vi l l a ge s
in t h e nei g hbour hood: (1) Pi ar i Khel, (2) Bazak, (3) Laram, ( 4)
Sekecha. I nhabi t ant s : Tar aki Ghi l zai s. The campi ng- gr ound, known
a s Oba Karez, was o c c u p i e d by b o t h Si r Donald St e wa r t and Si r
Fr e de r i c k Robe r t s on t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e mar ches t o and from Kabul in
1880. The s ur r oundi ng c o u n t r y is h i g h l y c u l t i v a t e d , and s u p p l i e s o f
al l k i n d s a r e abundant - - gr ai n, s h e e p , and f o d d e r . Madder is gr own
and e x p o r t e d i n g r e a t q u a n t i t i e s . (I.B.C.)
OCHAK 4,'
34-20 67-25 G. The s i x t h hal t i ng pl ace on t h e ol d Kabul-Hazarajat
road.
OCHAR
A s ubdi vi s i on of t h e Daichopan Hazar as.
OGHAZ Or UGHAZ jj,\
33-58 70-24 A. El evat i on 7,000 f e e t (about.) A vi l l age in t h e
Hisarak s ubdi vi s i on o f t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t . I t lies amongst t h e
l ow f o r e s t and gr as s - cover ed hi l l s a t t h e nor t he r n base of t he Safed
oh, a bout 8 m i l e s nor t h of t h e pa s s , t o whi ch it gi ves i t s name.
Water, wood and f o d d e r a r e pl e nt i f ul , b u t o t h e r s uppl i e s would have
t o be pr ocur ed from vi l l a ge s l owe r down.
I.B.C. Recent maps show
t h e name Or ghaz Kandao. Anot her pl ace wi t h t h i s name is a t 34-4 70-
28 G. (LWA)
OGHAZ PASS &$j j \
33-58 70-24. El evat i on 13, 000 f e e t . A p a s s in t h e Saf ed Koh, the
s u m m i t l yi ng a bout 8 m i l e s s out h of t h e vi l l age of t h e same name.
Over t h e p a s s a road sai d t o be pr act i cabl e f o r mules in summer,
l e a d s f r om t h e Hi s a r a k va l l e y i n t h e J al al abad d i s t r i c t t o t he
Kirman dar a and Kurram. (I.B.C.)
OK I
A s e c t i o n of t he Jaghur i Hazaras.
OLI WR d'
35- 70-. A val l ey nor t h of Laghman and s out h of Kafiristan. Grif-
f i t h s c o n s i d e r s t h a t its nat ur al c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s s t r ongl y resemble
t h o s e of t h e val l eys of t h e Himalaya, e s pe c i a l l y in t h e abundance,
l a r g e gr owt h, and e xc e l l e nc e of its t i mber trees. The bottom of t he
val l ey whi ch is a bout 3,000 f e e t above t h e sea, pr oduces very fine
oa ks , and t h i c k f o r e s t s of t h e s e e x t e n d up t h e s i d e s of t h e enclos-
i ng mount ai ns t o t h e h e i g h t of about 4,500 f e e t above t h e same
l evel . A t t h a t el evat i on commence t h e f o r e s t s of zaitun, or wild
ol i ve, whi ch c l o t h e t h e mount ai ns f o r a f a r t h e r he i ght of 2, 000
f e e t . The de oda r c e da r gr ows i n g r e a t abundance above t h i s t o t he
el evat i on of 10, 000 f e e t . The t i mber us ed a t Kabul being of bad
qual i t y and hi gh pr i c e , it would be ve r y de s i r a bl e f or t hat place
t h a t f avour abl e means s houl d be f ound f or t r ans por t i ng t hi t her t he
pr oduc e of t h e s e f i n e f o r e s t s . Thi s, however , is impracticable O n
a c c ount of t h e i nt e r ve ni ng d i f f i c u l t i e s ; but t h e timber of Olipur
coul d c e r t a i nl y be f l oa t e d t o t h e r i ve r of Kabul down t h e stream
whi ch f l ows t h r o u g h t h e val l ey and is de s c r i be d by Gr i f f i t hs as a
l a r g e t or r e nt . -Once a f l oa t on t h e Kabul r i vr , t h e r e would be no
i n s u r mo u n t a b l e o b s t a c l e s t o its p a s s a g e a s f a r a s t h e ocean.
( Gr i f f i t h s . )
*OLMA Or ORMA
ha'
33-18 69-2. Olma is an al aqadar i in Pakt i a provi nce. The alaqadari
c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 507 s qua r e ki l omet er s and has an agricultural
popul at i on t h a t ha s been es t i mat ed a t from 3,120 t o 7,740. The
al aqadar i is bounded i n t h e west by Mata Khan, in t h e sout h by
Sar hawza, in t h e e a s t by Neka and Jadr an, and in t h e north by
Zormat. Olma (Orma) ha s some 12 vi l l ages , t wo of which have more
t ha n 500 i nhabi t ant s . The vi l l ages a r e l i s t e d in t h e PG a s follows:
Gi dzai Sur Dewar (Surk h D e war), Dandak, Orma-i-Jadran, Gardid Kh wah,
Shai kh Malai, Asalat, Sur kai ( Tar kai ) , Shahi Kot, Kot Kala, Charm-
zai, Wocha Orma, Marzak, and Se way.
OMNA
A,\
32-54 68-47. Omna is an al aqadar i in Ghazni provi nce. Th e alaa-
da r i c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 464 s qua r e ki l omet er s and has an agricul-
t ur a l popul at i on t h a t ha s been es t i mat ed a t from 1,526 tQ 7 ~ 4 3 ~ 0
The al aqadar i is bounded i n t h e west by Sul t an Khel, in t h e sout h by
Jani Khel, i n t h e nor t h by Sharan, and in t h e e a s t by Sarhowza and
Goma.1. Omna h a s a b o u t 27 v i l l a g e s , 1 0 o f wh i c h h a v e mor e t h a n 500
i nhabi t ant s . Th e v i l l a g e s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e Pg a s f ol l ows : Ahmad
Wal, Ata Khuna, Pas Khat i , Bandar Khel , Sa doz a i Khadel , S a d a t Wal,
Shal o Khel , Qar ar Khel , Qala-i-Abd ur r ahman, Lalam, Mirak Wal, Sayyi d
~ h e l , Spi na, Zawaka, Qarya-i -Feroz Khan, War r oki , Bangi Wal, Tar aki ,
C hahar D e w ar , Da wlat Khanay, Sot i yan, Koliyan-i-Denar-K he l , Luqman
Khel, Dangi , Mas pi ki , Garwal , and Dewal gai .
OPIAN A'
A vi l l age west o f Cha r i ka r , i n t h e pl ai n o f t h e Koh Daman. 300
Fami l i es of Taj i ks . ( Sh a h z a d a Taimus.)
ORFAN "bfl
A vi l l a ge i n Khar war , a l s o known a l s o a s Ur f an. 20 h o u s e s o f Gada
G hi l zai s . ( Gr i e s ba c h .)
ORM p,'
33- 69-. A v i l l a g e on t h e r i g h bank o f t h e Kurram r i v e r t o t h e east
of Landi wam. Th e i n h a b i t a n t s a r e Ahmed Khel s , who c a n t u r n o u t 1 0 0
f i g h t i n g men. (I.B.C.)
ORMA See OLMA
OSHLAN "%!
33- 68-. Two f o r t s i n t h e ~ h a z n i d i s t r i c t , wi t h 20 f ami l i es . Th e
gr ound a r ound is c o mp l e t e l y voi d o f b r u s h wo o d and no s u p p l i e s are
pr ocur abl e. I t is on t h e l e f t bank o f t h e Ghazni r i ve r . ( Br oad-
f oot . )
OTLA See AGHAOJAN
OULAGUL D l '
35- 71-. A Kat i r v i l l a g e b u i l t on t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e t o r r e n t o f
t h e same name i n Ka f i r i s t a n, and a s h o r t d i s t a n c e f r om t h e l e f t bank
of t h e Ba s h g u l r i ve r . It c o n s i s t s o f 50 h o u s e s p i l e d u p on t h e e n d
of a r o c k y s p u r . Th e r e is a good pl ank b r i d g e o v e r t h e Oul agul
t o r r e n t . Up t h e va l l e y t h e r e is a mount ai n t r a c k l e a d i n g o v e r i n t o
t h e P i t t i g u l val l ey and t o t h e Manjam pa s s . ( Rober t s on. )
OUZHAK dj, '
35-48 71-16 G. A Kat i r s e t t l e me n t i n t h e S k o r i g u l i n Kaf i r i s t an.
In 1 8 9 1 it was a haml et of a b o u t a d o z e n h o u s e s , f or me d i n t h e s t y l e
of Lul uk, and s i mi l ar l y s u r r o u n d e d by c ul t i va t i on. ( Rober t s on. )
PACHIGAN o4-t,
35- 69-. A l o n g val l ey, r unni ng f r om t h e n o r t h e a s t i n t o t h e Ni j r ao
val l ey. T h e mo s t d i r e c t r oad t o Far aj g han is s a i d t o lie t h r o u g h
the Pachi gan val l ey. Th e i n h a b i t a n t s s p e a k t h e "Pashai " l a ngua ge .
( St ewar t .)
*PACHIGRAM '&
35-45 71-12 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d on t h e Chapadar a, s o u t h we s t o f
Pazhgam i n Kunar pr ovi nc e .
PACHI R rn
34-8 70-17 m. Two v i l l a g e s , u p p e r and l o we r ( bal a and pai n) , a b o u t
17 miles s o u t h e a s t o f Gandamark. ~ n h a b i t a n t s : Wazir ~ h u g i a n i s .
(Jenkyns. )
*PACHIR 0 AGAM t' f' ~m
34-12 70-17. Pachi r o Agam is an al aqadar i named a f t e r t he two
major vi l l a ge s i n Nangarhar pr ovi nce. The al aqadar i comprises an
ar ea of 358 s q u a r e ki l omet er s and ha s an agr i cul t ur al population
whi ch ha s been var i ousl y es t i mat ed a t from 6,588 t o 17,170. The
al aqadar i is bounded in t h e west by Khugiani, i n t h e north by
Chapar har , i n t h e e a s t by Deh Bala, and i n t h e s out h by t h e st at e of
Paki st an. pachi r o Agam i nc l ude s about 16 vi l l ages of which 5 have
more t ha n 500 i nhabi t ant s . The vi l l ages a r e l i s t e d i n t he PG as
f ol l ows: Sabar-i-Sufla (Chapar-i-Suf l a) , Land i Khel, Zemar Khel,
Morgai, Sabar-i-Ulya (C hapar-i-Ulya), Bami Khel, ~ h a n Kalai (Khan
~ a l a ) , ~angi -i -Sul ai man-Khel , Pac hir-i-Ulya, Gari Khel (Gudi Khel),
Mirza Bag h, ~a c hi r - i - Suf l a , Pan k zai, Murg ha, Lorrah ~ i n a , Bangzar
( ~ang- i - Sar war ) , and Mir Khani Khel.
PADKAU ROGHANI See PATKAO-I-ROGHANI S J ~
PADSHAH KALA dl r k ~ k
A f o r t a t t h e e nt r a nc e of t h e Dara-i-Nur gl en, in Kunar, built by a
f or mer Gover nor of Jalalabad f o r t h e coer ci on of t h e neighbouring
t r i be s . (Masson.)
PADSHAH KHANA L;L 4 k ~h
A vi l l age in t h e Logar d i s t r i c t . I t is not ed from t h e excel l ence of
its manuf act ur e of por ous wat er gobl e t s ,
whi ch a r e car r i ed from t hi s
pl a c e t o Kabul i n g r e a t numbers. ( Be l l e w. )
*PADSHAHKHEL &( LJ~
34-21 68-55 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on t h e Maidan r i ver , sout heast of
Ni r kh i n Maidan pr ovi nce.
PAGHJ UR ~k
35- 69-. A vi l l age 15 miles s out h from t h e t o p of t h e Khawak pass.
I t ha s 200 hous e s of Taj i ks. (Leech. )
N.B. Thi s may be t h e same a s Sang par (see "Khawak.).
PAGHMAN "k
34-35 68-57 m.
Paghman is a t own and a wol eswal i i n Kabul province.
The wol eswal i c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 413 s qua r e ki l omet er s and has an
a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on whi ch ha s been var i ousl y est i mat ed at from
17, 880 t o 51,650. The wol eswal i is w e s t of Kabul. Paghman includes
about 35 vi l l ages , of whi ch 18 have more t han 500 i nhabi t ant s.
The
vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d in t h e PG a s f ol l ows: Murghgi ran, Kaj Darah,
ISa Khel, Qala-i-Ada, Nader Khel, Qurban Khel, Lochka, Zarshakh,
Tawalat, Kunjak, Bekt ut , Chandal Bai, Nalab wa Chalak, parachi,
Arg ha ndi Suf l a, Karezak, Pashai Pag hman (Uria Khel), Kh waja Lakan,
Khal dari , Ar ghandi Ulya, Che l Tan, ~ a l a - i - ~ a l i k wa Pusht a, Dara-1-
Za r ga r , Samuchak, Qal a-i -Haki m, Al abi l a, Kh waja Musafer (Khwaja
Muzafar), Qar gha, Deh Arbab, Deh Punbah, Doda Mast, ~ushkak-i -Ul ya
wa Suf l a, Kamangar, Muhammad Khel, Deh Uryan, Nabat, Najoy and
Khwaja Mohammad Qar gha. (LWA) In 1914 t h e ar ea was descr i bed a s
f ol l ows:
An i mpor t ant s p u r t hr own o f f by t h e Sangl akh range.
The
summer pal ace of t h e Ami r , whi ch is s i t ua t e d on t h e eas t er n sl opes
o f t h e Pag hman r a nge i s c onne c t e d wi t h Kabul by a broad carriage
r oad, 12 miles l ong. (I.B.C.)
PAIA KHEL b h k
A v i l l a g e i n Laghman. I nhabi t ant s : Ta j i ks . (warburt on. )
PAIAN KHEL . A+ w'k
34-31 70-9. A vi l l a ge i n Laghman, on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Kabul
r i ver , o p p o s i t e Khai ro Khel. Su p p l i e s a r e s ai d t o be f a i r l y pl ent i -
f ul . (Young .I
PA1 JEZKA
A l o c a l i t y i n t h e Besud Hazara count r y.
PA1 KOL
A smal l v a l l e y i n t h e Besud count r y.
*PA1 KOTAL &J d\C
34-46 67-41 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e Dara-i-Syalayak, some 10 m i l e s
s out hwe s t o f Bamian i n Bamian pr ovi nce. Anot her pl a c e wi t h t h i s
name is e a s t of Bad kha ne g har and s o u t h of Miran, a t 34-5 68-19 m.
PA1 KOTAL See SHIBAR 34-54 68-14 A.
&15 Jh
PAI KOTAL See JALMISH
&J 3L
PA1 KOTAL J$ dh
34-22 66-37 G. A vi l l a ge on t h e main Kabul-Hazarajat-Daulat Yar
road.
PA1 KURKH See AKZARAT (1)
PAIMINAR
34-36 69-12 m. A p a s s ove r t h e l ow h i l l s 6 m i l e s nor t h of Kabul.
When s e e n i n 1905 a car t - r oad over t h e p a s s had a ppa r e nt l y be e n
al i gned but never c ompl e t e d, and t h e p a s s was c r o s s e d by a r o u g h
s t ony t r a c k, d i f f i c u l t e ve n f o r s i n g l e hor semen. To t h e nor t h of
t h e p a s s lies t h e v i l l a g e o f Pai mi nar and t o t h e s o u t h is t h e
Wazirabad l a ke . (Kabul Mi ssi on, 1905, I.B.C.) Recent maps s how
Monar. (LWA)
PAIMURI
clr). 3L
34-48 68-1 m. A vi l l a ge in t h e Bamian d i s t r i c t , s i t ua t e d in t h e
Kalu gl en, 12 h o u s e s o f Dar ghan Hazaras. ( Ami r Khan.)
*PAINDA 4 4
33-56 68-9 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d s out h w e s t of Shi ni a and s out h of t h e
Koh-i-Yakhaghan in nor t he r n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
PAINDA KHAK d i d &+
34- 71-. A small p o s t in t h e ~ h a i b a r pa s s , 6-1/2 miles from Land1
Kotal and about t h e same d i s t a n c e from Dakka. I t is compl et el y
commanded a t s h o r t r a nge by h i l l s on t h e nor t h w e s t , and a ppe a r e d t o
be in bad r e pa i r when s e e n i n 1904. The Gar r i son c o n s i s t s o f 50
k hasadars armed with Lee-Metf ord s.
Fr e que nt r a i d s oc c ur r e d h e r e dur i ng t h e s e c ond Af ghan War from a
f ai r l y e a s y pa t h l e a di ng t h r o u g h a g a p in t h e h i g h e r hi l l s on t h e
West t o t h e vi l l age of Darband and t h e n c e over an ope n pl ai n, w e s t -
war ds t o Pes h Bolak i n Ni ngr ahar , or s out h war ds , by t h e Si s obi pa s s ,
i nt o t h e Bazar val l ey. In t h e s p r i n g of 1879 convoys us ed t o be
f i r e d i nt o al most dai l y when pa s s i ng Pai nda Khak. A t l a s t a c a r e f u l
r econnai s s ance s howe d t h e val ue of t h i s s p o t and a company of
Gur khas bei ng p o s t e d t h e r e dai l y, a l l annoyance c e a s e d al most immed-
i a t e l y. One r e a s o n f o r t h i s b e i n g s u c h a f a v o u r i t e p l a c e f o r
r a i de r s was pr obabl y t h e f a c t of t h e r e bei ng a smal l s pr i ng, cal l ed
Gur r akki Obah, about hal f way u p t h e arb and p a s s on t h e we s t e r n
s i d e .
his is t h e o n l y wa t e r p r o c u r a b l e , a t a n y r a t e i n a dr y
s e a s on, be t we e n Landi Khana and Haf t Chah and t h o u g h t h e suppl y is
bad and v e r y s c a nt y, it was s u f f i c i e n t t o pr ove of gr e a t value to
t h e Gur kha p i c q u e t and, no doubt , t o t h e r a i d e r s b e f o r e them. Water
b e l e d f o r m i l e s down an ol d r ui ne d i r r i ga t i on channel on t he
l e f t bank o f t h e nala. (Mal l eson, I.B.C.)
PAINDA KHEL
34-44 69-40 A. A Sul ai man Khel Ghi l z a i v i l l a g e i n Katawaz.
b d + i
PA10 KHEL
A x k
A vi l l a ge i n t h e s o u t h e r n di vi s i on of t h e Logar valley. 25 families
of G hi l z a i s and Sayyi ds . ( Cl i f f or d, Euan Smith.)
PAIPALI See SAIFALI 32-50 69-27 G.
*PAITAB +\;a
34-33 68-40 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Maidan
r i ve r , some 6 miles n o r t h of J a l r i z (Jaliz.)
*PA IWAND
34-13 68-31 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e Dara-i-Jelga, some 8 miles
nor t h of Chamri i n Maidan pr ovi nce.
PAIWAR Jd,\lL*
33-58 69-52 A. El evat i on 8, 531 f e e t . A p a s s i n t h e r ange of hills
r unni ng s o u t h we s t wa r d s f r om Sikaram pe a k, i n t h e Saf ed Koh, and
s e p a r a t i n g t h e Hari ob val l ey of Kurram. The summit of t h e pass l i es
a b o u t 11 miles f r o m A l i Khe l , i n Har i ob, a nd 1 6 miles from
P a r a c h i n a r , i n Kurram. T h e r e is a n Af g h a n p o s t , c a l l e d Wucha
Margha, on t h e kot al ; it lies some d i s t a n c e t o t h e nor t h of t h e road
and is n o t vi s i bl e from it; it is ga r r i s one d by a company of regular
i nf a nt r y. Over t h e p a s s r u n s one of t h e g r e a t l i n e s of communica-
t i on be t we e n I ndi a and Af g hani s t an.
Th e Paiwar Kotal was s t or me d and c a p t u r e d by Si r Fr eder i ck Roberts
on t h e 2nd December 1878. For d e t a i l s of t h i s act i on, s e e t he
" Of f i ci al Hi s t or y o f t h e Second Af ghan War." (I.B.C.)
PAJA
4
35-12 69-13 m. A vi l l a ge 22 miles s o u t h o f t h e Bajgah pass, 20
hous e s . (Sayyi d ulla.)
*PAKA CHINA e Jk
34-47 69-42 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d near Daramdaram, s out he a s t of
Tagab i n Kapi sa pr ovi nce.
PAKATANG I &d,
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Kunar val l ey, 1 0 miles from ~al al abad,
c o n s i s t i n g of a f e w s c a t t e r e d hut s . (Leech. )
PAKHAGHA I See ZANGAKHAN
*PAKHA MI NA G&
34-4 70- 55 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d n e a r S h o l g a r on t h e way t o
Ghani khel i n Nangar har pr ovi nce.
LA
PAKTI A
r.
33-35 69-13.
A pr ovi nc e i n e a s t e r n Af gha ni s t a n whi ch compr i ses an
area of 17, 772 s q u a r e k i l o me t e r s and a n a g r i c u l t u r a l popul at i on
e s t i ma t e d a t from 432, 285 t o 569, 537. he pr ovi nce is bounded in
Administrative Divisions of Pakthia Province
ESTIMATE OF AGRICULTURAL POPULATION AND AREA UNDER CULTIVATION
URGUN
TAN1 (TUNNI, TAYOU)
JAJI (ALI KHEL)
JAJI MAIDAN
JAN1 KHEL
CHAMKANI
KHOST
ZORMAT
SPERAH
SAYYID KARAM
GARDEZ
GOMAL
MUSA KHEL
JADRAN (WAZI)
AHMAD KHEL
(HASAN KHEL)
ORMA (WOLMA)
BARGAY
BAK (BARGAY)
BARMAL
Agricultural
Population
Landlords Lands under Cultivation in Jaribs
Irrigated Non-Irrig. Total
Lands under Cultivation in Hectares
Irrigated Non-Irrig. Total
ESTIMATE OF AGRICULTURAL POPULATION AND AREA UNDER CULTIVATION
PATAN (DAND) 11
TRAYZAI (ALISHER) 24
DAREH DARANG 4
ZELUK 16
SAROBI 16
SARHAWZA (SULTAN) 15
SHAWAK 15
SABARI
(SAROTI, ZAMBAR) 55
QALANDAR 1 2
GURsUZ (GURIZ) 27
GIYAN 14
LAJ A 1 3
MATA KHAN
(MATA KHE L) 22
MANDOZAI 20
NADER SHAH KOT 19
NEKA 5
TOTAL 1,037
Agricultural
Population
Landlords Lands under Cultivation in Jaribs
Irrigated Non-Irrig. Total
Lands under Cultivation in Hectares
Irrigated Non-Irrig. Total
STATISTICAL ESTIMATE OF LIVESTOCK BY WOLESWALIS AND ALAKADARIS
Sheep
URG UN 3,299
TAN (TUNNI, TAYOU) 14,200
JAJl (ALI KHEL) 3,629
JAJI MAIDAN 3,364
JAN1 KHEL 1,150
CHAMKANI 1,648
KHOST 37,459
ZORMAT 6,8 40
SPERAH 928
SAYYID KARAM 6,462
GARDEZ 2,186
GOMAL 14,334
MUSA KHEL 2 0
JADRAN (WAZI) 2,724
AHMAD KHEL
(HASAN KHEL) 1,431
ORMA (WOLMA) 628
BARGAY 10
BAK (BARGAY) 1,224
B A W L 3,130
Karakul Goats
Sheep
Cattle
5,431
24,090
3,7 12
11,223
4,110
5,044
26,678
7,664
1,703
10,518
3,647
6,061
5,178
694
2,504
1,200
400
5,721
7,560
Buffaloes
-
-
-
286
5
7 1
3,079
265
-
794
-
-
-
-
7 8
-
-
742
-
Camels
258
-
327
36
240
677
105
12
199
295
-
8 68
1,779
8 48
180
-
67
-
1,326
Horses
8 7
-
-
6 5
-
2
108
130
2 2
126
5
-
-
-
17
-
-
74
-
Donkeys
1,569
10,535
1,015
1,126
458
1,062
6,080
3,288
167
1,065
1,506
1,314
920
390
272
1,887
57
1,069
1,434
Mules Poultry
PRODUCTION OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS-IN KABULl SEERS
Irrigated
URGUN 378,450
TAN1 (TUNNI, TAYOU) 51,300
JAJI (ALI KHEL) 430,650
JAJI MAIDAN 35 1,000
JAN1 KHEL 99,900
CHAMKANI 262,350
KHOST 2,672,100
ZORMAT 581,400
SPERAH 119,250
SAYYID KARAM 506,250
GARDEZ 231,750
GOMAL 697,050
MUSA KHEL 37,350
JADRAN (WAZI) 156,600
AHMAD KHEL
(HASAN KHEL) 81,450
ORMA (WOLMA) 16,650
BARGAY 30,150
Grains
Non-lmg. Total Vegetables
Other Crops
Industrial Other Temp.
Crops Crops
Fruits
PRODUCTION OF ACRlCULTURAL CROPS-IN KABULl SEERS
BAK (BARGAY)
BARMAL
PATAN (DAND)
TRAYZAI (ALISHER)
DAREH DARANG
ZELUK
SAROBI
SARHAWZA (SULTAN)
SHAWAK
SABARI (SAROTI,
ZAMB AR)
QALANDAR
GURBUZ (GUFUZ)
GIYAN
LAJA
MATA KHAN (MATA
KHEL)
MAND0ZA.I
NADER SHAH KOT
NEKA
Irrigated
TOTAL 9.9 18,000
Grains
Non-Irrig. Total Vegetables
Other Crops
Industrial Other Temp.
Crops Crops
Fruits
LAND UNDER IRlUCATlON AND SOURCES OF IRRIGATION
Area in Jaribs
Springs Kvez
Number of Sources
Springs Karez Wells Water Mills
Canals Wells Total Canals
URGUN
TAN1
(TUNNI, TAYOU)
JAJI (ALI KHEL)
JAJl MAIDAN
JAN1 KHEL
CHAM AN1
KHOST
ZORMAT
SPERAH
SAYYID KARAM
GOh4AL
GARDEZ
MUSA KHEL
JADRAN (WAZI)
AHMAD KHEL
(HASAN KHEL)
ORMA (WOLMA)
BARGAY
BAK (BARGAY)
BARMAL
LAND UNDER IRRIGATION AND SOURCES OF IRRIGATION
Area in Jaribs
Springs Karez
Number of Sources
Springs Karez Canals Wells
-
Total Canals Wells Water Mills
PATAN (DAND) 880
TRAY ZAI
(ALISHER) 9,080
DAREH DAUNG 290
ZELUK 970
SAROBl 4,470
SARHAWZA
(SULTANI) 1,040
SHAWAK 2 30
SABAFU (SAROTI,
ZAMBAR) 6,660
QALANDAR 30
GURsUZ (GURIZ) 440
GIYAN 630
LAJA 420
MATA KHAN
(MATA KHEL) 2,380
MANDOZAI 13,400
NADER SHAH KOT 3,490
NEKA 470
TOTAL 228,700
TOTAL CULTIVABLE LAND, BY CROP-IN KABUL1 JARlBS
Grains
lrriga ted Non-Irrig.
URGUN 8,410
TAN1 (TUNNI, TAYOU) 1,140
JAJI (ALI KHEL) 9.570
JAJI MAIDAN 7,800
JAN1 KHEL 2,220
CHAMKANI 5,830
KHOST 59,380
ZORMAT 12,920
SPE RAH 2,650
SAYYID KARAM 11,250
GOMAL 5.1 50
GARDEZ 1 5,490
MUSA KHEL 830
JADRAN (WAZI) 3,480
AHMAD KHEL
(HASAN KHEL) 1,810
ORMA (WOLMA) 370
BARGAY 670
BAK (BARGAY) 7,000
B A W L 1 6,260
Total Vegetables Industrial
Gops
Other
Crops
Fruits Total
Cultivated
Land
TOTAL CULTIVABLE LAND, BY CROP-IN KABULl JARlBS
Grains
Irrigated Non-Irrig.
Total Vegetables Industrial
Crops
Other
Crops
Fruits Total
Cultivated
Land
PATAN (DAND) 7 20
TRAYZAI (ALISHER) 9,050
DAREH DARANG 230
ZELUK 2,230
SAROBI 3,910
SARHAWZA
(SULTANI) 1,120
SHAWAK 260
SABARI (SAROTI,
ZAMBARj 6,190
QALANDAR 30
GURBUZ (GURIZ) 730
LAJMANGAL (LAZA) 330
GIYAN 3,130
MATA KHAN (MATA
KHEL) 3,770
MANDOZAl 13,340
NADER SHAH KOT 2,490
NEKA 640
TOTAL 220,400 78,400
TOTAL CULTIVABLE LANDS-IN KABUL1 JARIBS
URGUN
TAN1 (TUNNI, TAYOU)
JAJI (ALI KHEL)
JAJI MAIDAN
JAN1 KHEL
CHAMKANI
ZORMAT
KHOST
SPERAH
SAYYlD KARAM
GOMAL
GARDEZ
MUSA KHEL
JADRAN (WAZl)
AHMAD KHEL (HASAN
KHEL)
ORMA (WOLMA)
BARGAY
BAK (BARGAY)
B A W L
Total Pastures Forests Under
Cultivation
Fallow
Lands
TOTAL CULTIVABLE LANDS-IN KABUL1 JARIBS
Total
PATAN (DAND) 62,850
TRAY ZAI (ALISHER) 55,340
DAREH DARANG 270,330
ZELUK 7,690
SAROBI 23,880
SARHAWZA (SULTANI) 39,670
SHAWAK 2,220
SARABI (SAROTI, ZAMBAR) 60,570
QALANDAR 58,220
GURBUZ (GURIZ) 19,750
LAJMANGAL (LAZA) 250,970
GlYAN 6,610
MATA KHAN (MATA KHEL) 18,9 30
MANDOZAI 26,850
NADER SHAH KOT 18,000
NEKA 214,960
TOTAL 3,338,740
Pastures Forests Under
Cultivation
Fallow
Lands
t h e w e s t and s out h by Ghazni , and i n t h e nor t h by Logar provinces
and in t h e e a s t by t h e St a t e of Paki st an. Pakt i a is divided into
t h e wol ewal i s of Gomal, Urgun, Sper ah, Zurmat, Gardez, Jadran,
Sayyi d Karam, Tani , J a j i , Musa Khel , Chamkani , J a ni Khel, Jaji
Mai dan, a nd Kh o s t , and i n t o t h e a l a q a d a r i s o f Sar obi , Barmall
Sarhowza, Gian, Neka, Orma, Mata Khan, Shawak, Zeluk, Shamal, Nadir
Shah Kot, Hasan Khel, Mandozai, Gurbuzt Lajmangal, Darah Darang,
and-wa Pat an, Sa r u t i , Bak, a nd Tr ai zai . The c a p i t a l of t he
pr ovi nce is t h e c i t y of Gar dez. For wol eswal i lists from t he De-
part -ment of St a t i s t i c s of t h e Mi ni st ry of Agr i cul t ur e and Irriga-
t i on see t abl es.
* PALA 4
33-36 69-38 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on t h e Lador Kholeh, nor t heast of
Miran, i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
PALAN o r MURAD ALI
A s ubs ect i on of Da i khi t a i Hazaras.
PALAO >>I.
32-57 68-37 m. A vi l l age near Ghaibk he1 and nor t h w e s t of Yahya Khel
i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
PALASGAR 3-k
El evat i on 2,500 f e e t . I s t h e l o we s t of t h e f i v e Gabar vi l l ages (see
"Gabar"). I t s t a n d s hi gh on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Kunar river,
about 250 f e e t above it, and a ve r y s h o r t di s t a nc e below t h e point
whe r e it is j oi ned by t h e Dungul t or r e nt . I t cont ai ns about 20
hous e s , ar r anged in t h e form of a s qua r e , a s a t Birkot. In 1891
t h e y were in a di l a pi da t e d condi t i on. (Robert son. )
PALT o r SARAFZAI
A st r eam i n Zurmat, wat er i ng Pa l t a na i . (McLean).
PALTANAI o r PATANAI j;r
33-21 68-52 G. A vi l l age in Zurmat, bet ween Band and Sultanai, 11
miles from t h e f or mer and 1 5 from t h e l a t t e r . People: Tajiks.
Suppl i e s of all k i n d s t o be pr oc ur e d, but f u e l is scar ce. Ground
open and l evel ; ur i al and d e e r pl e nt i f ul . The Ji l ga r i ver is not
f a r o f f . Water good from s p r i n g s and t h e r i ver , Palt or ~a r a f z a i *
(Broad f oot , McLean.)
PALTU LJ A'l
32-31 68-2 A. A r i ve r whi ch rises i n t h e pa s s of t h a t name, and
r u n s t h r o u g h Kat awaz t o t h e l a k e Ab- i - I st ada; i n i t s c our s e i t
becomes s l i g h t l y br a c ki s h; its banks a r e never above 4 f e e t high,
and it ha s a st r eam about 20 feet wi de and 1 f o o t deep. The pass of
Paltu is sai d t o be d i f f i c u l t , and r uns among cr aggy mountains from
Zurmat t o t h e Khar ot i count r y and t h e s our c e of t h e Dwa Gumal---(See
"Kotanni"). (Broad foot . ) Recent maps s how t h e name Putay Shilah-
(LWA. )
PALU
A
34-59 68-1.
A kot al l eadi ng over a s p u r of t h e Ghandak Koh, in t he
Bamian d i s t r i c t .
I t is of some i mpor t ance, f o r by usi ng t h i s track
Pr e s s u r e on t h e wor s t pa r t of t h e Bamian-Ak Robat main road may be
r e l i e ve d, t h o u g h guns would probabl y not be abl e t o go t h i s way*
The t r a c k t a k e s o f f near t h e Ziarat of Khwaja Al i , 6-1/2 miles above
Kala Sar kar i , and a s c e n d s t h e hi l l s on nor t h s i d e and l eads to
Chashma Palu, from whi ch i t j oi ns t h e or di nar y main road a t t he top
of t h e Tangi Mushan, 3-1/2 m i l e s s out h of t h e s out he r n Ak Robat
Kotal. (A.B.C.)
PALUN
Said t o be a va l l e y w e s t of Uj ar i s t an.
*PAMI J&
34-23 68-5 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed on a t r i but ar y of t h e Dara-i-Jelga,
e a s t of Shi ka i n Maidan pr ovi nce.
*PANAG1 R A
32-39 68-13 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d a f e w m i l e s s o u t h we s t o f
Khushamand in sout her n Ghazni province.
PANAH or PANNAH 4&
33-6 68-19 m. A vi l l age in t h e Ghazni d i s t r i c t , i nhabi t ed by about
500 Andari Ghi l zai s. Suppl i e s f o r a small f o r c e coul d be obt ai ned.
Among t he hi l l ocks her e are camps of s he phe r ds and Lohani merchants
who emi gr at e in wi nt er. Ther e is a s uppl y of wat er from a kar ez
(Broadfoot.) Anot her pl ace wi t h t h i s name is on t h e Sar deh Rud,
sout h of Ghazni, a t 33-17 68-31 m. (LWA.)
PANAH, KOL-I
A gl en in t h e Besud count r y, occupi ed by Burj i gai Besud Hazaras.
4 k
"PANDAK d+
34-51 68-48 m. A vi l l age s out h of t h e Kuh-i-Yakhdara on a t r i but ar y
of t he Ghorband in Parwan province.
PANDANAO See ZARSANG + 4 +
PANDI T G+
A vi l l age i n Kaf i r i st an, on t h e Kunar f r ont i e r , sai d t o be s i t ua t e d
on t h e r i d g e of a table-land a t t h e ext r emi t y of a val l ey, and t o
cont ai n 1, 000 hous es . (Masson.)
PANDU J+
A t r i be of Si ahposh Kaf i r s, who f or mer l y occupi ed t h e val l ey of
"Pohan, " and now hol d t h e e a s t p o r t i o n o f t h e va l l e y of M e 1
(Alishang). Here t h e y have s ever al vi l l ages, viz., Mukiwati, Nioli,
Teiliu, Pandu, Parmahwal. A ver y f ew of t h i s t r i be have become
conver t s t o Islam. (Raverty. )
*PANJAB or PANJAO jk+
34-23 67-1. Panj ab is t h e name o f a wol e s wa l i in t h e Bamian
provi nce. The wol eswal i compr i s es an ar ea of 1,526 s qua r e kilo-
met er s and has an agr i cul t ur al popul at i on whi ch has been est i mat ed
a t from 11,619 t o 15,239. The wol eswal i is bounded in t h e w e s t by
La1 wa Sarj angal , in t h e nor t h by Yakowlang, in t h e nor t he a s t by
Bamiam, in t h e e a s t by Deh Behsud, and in t h e s out h by Waras.
Panjab has about 27 vi l l ages, 13 of whi ch have more t han 500 i nhabi -
t ant s. The vi l l ages a r e l i s t e d in t h e PG a s f ol l ows: Akhzarat ,
Piyazan, Tar Bulaq, Tagab-i-Barg-i-Sufla, ~agab-i-Barg-i-Ulya, Khor-
dak Tak ht a, Kham-i-Marga (Marga-i-Sufla), Daraz Qol, G har G har i ,
Tara Pus, Gandab, ~ar ga- i - Ul ya (Marka-i-Ulya), Miyan Kawak, Guhdar,
Narges, Nilqol (Negol ), Tuk hak, Anak-i-Neqol, Hesarak-i-Neqol, Sang-
i-Mashaf, Se wak-i-Neqol, Miyana Deh, ~ e r a n i , Sar-i-Neqol, Targ hi ,
Sadi z ( Sagdi z) , Paye Bun, Godar, Khum, ~ar ya- i - Jan Muhammad, and
Sar-i-Darakhtan.
PANJAO 1 4
A l a r g e val l ey i n t h e Dai z a ngi Hazara count r y. The r e ar e 2 vil-
l a g e s wi t h t h i s name, l o c a t e d a t 34-22 67-1 A. and 34-15 66-52.
(LWA. )
PANJAO J&
El evat i on 9, 200 f e e t . A ha l t i ng pl ace, wi t h a sar ai , in t he Dai
Zangi Hazara count r y.
PANJ A S I A +i+
A vi l l a ge on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Helmand.
Thi s is probably Panj
Asiab, l o c a t e d a t 34-21 68-7 G. (LWA.)
PANJF ILAN o%@g
A p a s s ove r a h i g h s p u r of t h e Koh-i-Baba, c r o s s e d by a road leading
f r om t h e Kalu g l e n t o t h e Bamian val l ey. The a s c e n t t o t h e kotal
f r om Gumbat is n o t v e r y s t e e p , b u t t h e p a s s is h i g h e r t han t he
Hajigak. The de s c e nt is much s t e e pe r t han t h e ascent , but otherwise
t h e r oad is t ol e r a bl y good, and pr a c t i c a bl e f o r camels. Panjfilan
vi l l age, 5 miles f r om Gumbat, c ont a i ns 1 5 h o u s e s of Tajiks. From
Gumbat t o Kala T o p c h i , i n t h e Bamian v a l l e y is 1 0 miles. (Ata
Muhamnad. )
PANJPA I
A s e c t i o n o f t h e Pol ada Hazar as of Uj a r i s t a n.
PANJPA I dk@
34-29 68-13 G. A vi l l a ge i n Kharwar, 80 h o u s e s o f Yusuf Khel Ghil-
zai s. ( Gr i es bach .)
*PANJPAI A*
34-39 70-18 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d i n t h e Al i ngar valley, e a s t of
Tarak he 1 i n Lag hman pr ovi nce.
PANJPAI See UTWR
PAN JSH I R
*
35-30 69-51.
A val l ey dr a i ne d by t h e r i ve r of t h e same name, which
rises i n t h e s o u t h e r n s l o p e s of t h e Hi ndu ~ u s h i n t h e vi ci ni t y of
t h e Khawak pa s s . Af t e r bei ng j oi ned by numer ous s t r eams , chi ef of
whi c h a r e t h e Ghor band and Sha ka r Dara t h e r i ve r falls i nt o t he
Kabul- The u p p e r p a r t of t h e val l ey is d e s c r i b e d as a gl en varying
i n wi dt h f r om 200 y a r d s t o 1-1/4 m i l e s . The r e a r e numerous vi l l ages
and a good d e a l of wheat , bar l ey, c o t t o n , and rice cul t i vat i on,
whi l e d e n s e o r c h a r d s o f a p r i c o t , mul ber r y, and wal nut trees surround
al mos t e v e r y vi l l age. Th e s e o r c h a r d s form an obs t a c l e t o t h e Pas-
s a g e of ba gga ge animals.
Though Limited i n r ange, t h e s c e n e r y o f Panj s hi r is s o f t and beauti-
f ul - Its r u g g e d , r e d- t i nge d s u r f a c e is d o t t e d over wi t h cast el l at ed
dwe l l i ngs , whos e s q u a r e c o r n e r t o we r s and s ol i d walls r i si ng on
e v e r y knol l a r e r e l i e ve d by t h e smi l i ng f ol i a ge of f u i t t r e e s and
t h e l i ve l y g r e e n o f t h e ga r de n- l i ke f i e l d s whi ch s ur r ound them-
The Pa nj s hi r i s have t h e r e put a t i on of bei ng good s ol di e r s . Subse-
q u e n t t o t h e t i m e o f Timur Lang t h e y were f o r a l ong time indepen-
d e n t of t h e many r u l e r s who s u c c e s s i v e l y oc c upi e d t h e Kabul t hrone,
and t h e val l ey f r e q u e n t l y became a s c e n e of t ubul e nc e and unnatural
warfare. They acknowl edged Dost Muhammad a s t he i r ruler, but added
not hi ng t o h i s e x c h e q u e r . Thei r ar ms a r e t h e mus ke t and t h e long
kni fe-l i ke eword of t h e Afghans.
Th e Pa nj s hi r i s , l i k e t h e bul k of t h e Kohi s t ani s , a r e c h i e f l y Tajiksm
They a r e Sunni Muhammadans, and not bei ng ver y ol d i n t h e f a i t h, a r e
t h e more vi ol ent l y bi got t e d. Bef or e Babar' s t i m e t h e y a r e sai d t o
have been Kafirs.
There ar e a f ew weaver s amongst t hem, but t h e i r c l ot hi ng is pr i nci -
pally pr ocur ed from t h e Bazar of Kabul. The Panj shi r i s, whi l e t h e y
speak Persi an, al s o under s t and t h e "Pashai" l anguage.
Masson ment i ons t h a t f or mer l y t h e r e was a s i l ve r mine in t h i s val-
ley.
The pa s s e s l eadi ng from Panj shi r over t h e Hindu Kush t o t h e Andarab
valley a r e t h e Khawak, Rejak, Til, Zuria, Shoba, Parandev, and Arzu.
From t h e Parian gl en a br anch dar a a t t h e head of t h e Panj shi r ,
t he r e a r e sai d t o be f i v e r oads: (1) Nor t hwes t over t h e Chunduk
Kotal t o Khost ; (2) up t h e gl en t o t h e Nawak Kotal, and over t h i s t o
Anjuman: (3) up t h e Chamar gl en, and over t h e mount ai ns i nt o Kafiri-
st an; ( 4) from Chahar deh of Parian, r oa ds l ead i nt o Kaf i r i st an by
t h e Wariaj Kotal; and (5) by t h e Arioh.
The road down t h e Panj shi r was not f i t f o r l aden camel s in 1886, but
mules coul d u s e it; s i nc e t h a t d a t e it has probabl y been i mproved a s
t h e Khawak pa s s is now sai d t o be pr act i cabl e f o r wheel ed t r a f f i c .
(Maitland, Shahzada Taimus, Wood, Masson, Leech .)
The f ol l owi ng list of vi l l ages in t h e val l ey and its br anch gl e ns ,
from its head down t o t h e vi ci ni t y of t h e poi nt wher e it is q u i t t e d
by t h e Char i kar r oad, is t aken from Shahzada Taimus' s r epor t :
Name of Vi l l age
Chapchi Kani
Khawak
Pari an gl en
T i 1 ( e a s t e r n)
Haodak
Dasht-i-Rewat
Ghanchu
Saf edj i r
Matah
Khinj
Jarwesh
Bur jyman
Kharu
Push
Pashghur
Mar z
Shahbah
Hazara Dara
Barak
Ar u
Sang anah
Astana
Watkol
Mulaspur
Nawal i ch
Jangalak
Manjakor
Dada Khel
Sa t a
Parandev gl en
Yakub Rhel
Deh Malah
Bazarak, or Kachu
NO. of
fami 1 ies
2 0
12
300
9 0
5
130
2 0
150
50
100
10
20
6 0
12
100
200
12
51 0
I310
20
15
50
8 0
3 0
40
2 0
10
8 0
30
3 0
53
3 0
4 0
40
I nhabi t ant s
T i l i Hazaras
Sai yi d Khel Ghi l zai s
Ta j i ks
T i l i Hazaras
11
Hazaras
Taj i ks
I1
11
11
It
11
11
I1
II
I1
11
I1
I1
II
It
Laghana 20
Khaniz 60
Far ubal 80
Parakh 50
Ghi j i 4 0
Nolawa 2 0
Kot Dara 180
I s a r a k Dara 120
Dar Khel 2
Bakshi Khel 100
Kal a- i - Fat hul l a 2 0
Piawash Data 112
Sha i khan 30
Bang i 12
Baram Khel 12
Kabazan 200
Gu l i s t a n 3 0
Pachi nar 4 0
Deh Khwaja 30
Aodawa 12
Alok 15
Kala Langar 10
Tawak Dara 24 0
Ab Dara 300
Anaba 150
Malikan 2 0
Fa r a j Dara 200
Miran Shah 40
Zamankor 12
Koraba 35
Pufdam 15
Sen j an 150
Aramghia 15
Bol aghai n Dara 300
Kohna Deh 100
Nimazjai 3 0
Gulbahar 300
Mazulla Khel 15
Mir Baba 18
Usht arg i r a n 500
Jamal Aka 500
Ki shi kt an 100
Deh Raisan 4 0
Chi naki 60
Kham Zardgar 50 0
Karezi 1,500
Muhammad I r a ki 2,000
Aruki 100
Badam A l i 3 0
Shokhi 50
TOTAL
Sa i yi ds
Taj i ks
II
II
II
II
11
I 1
II
II
II
I 1
I 1
11
I 1
II
I 1
11
II
11
II
II
II
II
II
I 1
Ghi l z a i s
II
f a mi l i e e
*PANJSHIR O r ROKHA
35-15 69-28. Panj shi r is a wol eswal i in Parwan province. The
wol eawal i c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 706 s qua r e ki l omet er s and has an
a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on t h a t ha s been est i mat ed by vari ous Afghan
s o u r c e s a t from 25,254 t o 31,457.
The wol eswal i is bounded in the
west by Kapisa and Salang, i n t h e nor t h by Andarab, i n t h e east by
Ch a r Qar ya and Dara Hazar a, and i n t h e s o u t h by Durnama and
~ u h i s t a n . Panj s hi r i n c l u d e s about 52 vi l l ages , of whi ch 20 have
more t ha n 500 i nhabi t ant s . The vi l l a ge s are l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s
f ol l ows: Astana, Dostam Khel Faraj , Onaba, Oluk, Dasht ak, Bazarak-
i- has, Bad Qul, B o j a Khel, Bak h s h i K hel , Parak h, Parshar-i-Abdara,
pi yawesht , Paye Chenar , Tawakh, Jangal ak, Hessar ak- i - Shast , Khaniz-
i-Bazarak, Kh waja, Dawa Khel, Talakan, Darband-i-Faraj, Dur K hel ,
Rahman Khel, Zaman Kor, Sat ai Bazarak, Sanguna, Sh a s t Rukha, Shof a-
i-Abdara, Shai k han, G hal back ( G hel bal ak) , G h u c h i Dar Khel, Par ach,
Qabezan, Tulk ha-i-Bazarak , Qalac ha-i-Faraj, Gi m Abdara, Kunda wa
Kot, Kango Abdara, Kuhna Abdara, Gar washi , Gul i st an, Gir-i-Abdara,
Koraba, Mala Bazarak, Fer obal Bazarak, Mulla Khel, Manjahur, Nolaba,
Nolich wa Malaspa, War0 wa Barak, and Mareshtan-i-Bazarak.
PANNAH See PANAH b b
* PANQASH &k
34-32 67-16 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d near Qas h, s o u t h of t h e Kuh-i-Baba
in Bamian pr ovi nce.
PAPIN-I-KALAN &i n k
34-7 70-24 m. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Hi sarak di vi s i on o f t h e Jal al abad
d i s t r i c t , s i t ua t e d a t t h e f o o t of t h e Si ah Koh r ange, a bout 5 miles
s out h of Yag hi band. I nhabi t ant s : Mians. ( Jenkyns. )
PAPIN-I -KHURD J* i ak
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge in t h e Hi sarak di vi s i on o f t h e Jal al abad di s -
t r i c t , about a m i l e nor t h o f Papin-i-Kalan. In habi t ant s : Mians.
(Jenkyns . )
PAPIN PASS &$ dek
El evat i on 13, 000 f e e t . A p a s s over t h e Sa f e d Koh l e a di ng from t h e
Hi sar ak v a l l e y i n t h e J al al abad d i s t r i c t t o t h e Kirman Dara i n
Kurram. The p a s s lies a t t h e head of t h e Papi n, or Hi sar ak, r i ve r ,
and about 5 miles w e s t o f t h e Oghaz pas s . It is r e p o r t e d t o b e
pr act i cabl e f o r mul es i n t h e summer. (I.B.C.)
PAPIN RIVER See HISARAK RUD
.U i n k
PARACHA *' A
A pe opl e s e t t l e d i n Af ghani s t an, and c h i e f l y in t h e pr ovi nc e of
Kabul. They or i gi nal l y emi gr at ed from t h e Punjab, and a r e Sunni
Muhammadans. Thei r t o t a l number t h r o u g h o u t Af g hani s t an is s ai d t o
be 4,000 s oul s . They may pos s i bl y be i de nt i c a l wi t h t h e Par anchehs .
(1B.C.)
PARAKH c'x
35- 33 69-30. A vi l l a ge on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e u p p e r Panj s hi r
st r eam, 2 miles bel ow Bazarak. I t ha s 50 h o u s e s of Taj i ks. The r e
is an ope n l e v e l s p a c e h e r e cal l ed t h e Maidan-i-Margha from a f i g h t
whi ch oc c ur r e d near a t some f or mer t i m e . The road is good and t h e
wi dt h of t h e gl e n is from 600 t o 700 ya r ds , of whi ch t h e bed of t h e
st ream o c c u p i e s about 150 yar ds . It lies unde r t h e hi l l s on t h e
l e f t hand. The wat er is i n s e ve r a l c ha nne l s , and shal l ow. The
hi l l s on bot h s i d e s a r e hi gh, t h o s e on t h e l e f t bei ng ver y s t e e p .
( Shahzada Taimus.)
PARAM
A t r i b e of t he Chahar Dast a Hazaras.
PARANCHEH Or PI RANCHA 4%
A r a c e of Hi ndki s who a r e s c a t t e r e d in var i ous par t s. of their
des cent nothing is known, t hough Masson says t hey can hold converse
wi t h t h e Si ah- posh Kaf i r s, t h e i r di a l e c t t o some e x t e n t coinciding
wi t h t h a t of t h e Kafi rs. The r e a r e a f e w f ami l i es of them in t h e
l owe r Panj shi r valley. Raver t y a l s o ment i ons t h a t t h e only traders
f ound a t t h e head of t h e Swat val l ey a r e Par anchehs. They are also
f ound t o i nha bi t Br i t i s h t e r r i t or y, bei ng f ound in t h e Bannu dis-
trict i n Peshawar , i n Kohat, and i n Hazara, b e s i d e s a number in the
Rawal Pi ndi di vi si on. Thei r di a l e c t is not unl i ke Hindi, and i t is
pos s i bl e t h e y may be t h e same r a c e a s t h e Kafi rs.
Alimulla a l s o ment i ons t h a t Par anchehs a r e t r a d e r s i n Swat, and the
car avans whi ch g o t h r o u g h t h e Khaibar a r e most l y conduct ed by them.
They a r e much t r u s t e d by and r e c e i ve g r e a t pecuni ar y assi st ance from
r i c h c h i e f s and ba nke r s of t h e Punjab.
Regar di ng t h e Par anchehs of t h e Jal abad d i s t r i c t , J enkyns remarks:
The or i gi n of t h e name is sai d t o be "farashan, " or chamberlains.
In t h i s d i s t r i c t t h e y occupy t h e vi l l age of Sarai ( pa r t of Sangar
Sarai--Sangar bei ng Af ghan) , and some a r e f ound i n Landabuch.
In Sarai, whi ch is in Kama, on t h e banks of t h e Kabul river, t he
Pi r anchas number 200 fami l i es. In Landabuch, al s o i n Kama, t here
a r e 20 f a mi l i e s . Th e y a r e n o t f o u n d i n a n y o t h e r pa r t of t he
d i s t r i c t .
The Pi r anchas s t a t e t h a t t h e y came or i gi nal l y from Khushan in the
Punjab. They s pe a k Hind us t ani among t hem s el ves . Thei r avocations
a r e shoe-maki ng, dyei ng, cl ot h- s el l i ng, etc., etc., and t hey also
e nga ge i n a gr i c ul t ur e . ( Jenkyns, El phi ns t one, Masson, Raverty,
Alimulla, Punjab Repor t , Munphool.)
PARANDEW Or PARANDEH
4 &Jk
35-23 69-26 m.
A dar a s pr i ngi ng from t h e Hindu Kush and running i n
a s out he a s t e r l y di r e c t i on down t o t h e Panj shi r val l ey which it joins
about 1 m i l e above Kachu. I t is de s c r i be d a s a narrow glen varying
i n wi dt h from 40 t o 100 yar ds , and bounded by pr eci pi t ous cl i f f s .
The hi l l s on e i t h e r s i d e a r e d e s t i t u t e of trees, and s m a l l bushes
onl y a r e avai l abl e a s f uel ; t h e r e is, however , pl ent y of gr as s t o be
f ound on t h e hi l l s i de s i n s p r i n g and summer. Ther e ar e pat ches of
cul t i vat i on i n t h e bot t om of t h e gl en, and a l s o on t h e hi l l si des.
A t about 4 m i l e s above its j unct i on wi t h t h e Panj shi r t h e Parandev
is j oi ned, from t h e s o u t h , by a not he r l a r g e r avi ne, known a s t he Tul
Dara, i n whi ch t h e r e is some cul t i vat i on.
The f ol l owi ng vi l l ages , all i nhabi t ed by Taj i ks, lie in t h e parandev
Dara: Kalat, Dangana, Kaltari, Godaran, Daolana, and Kund.
A t t h e head of t h e Parandev Dara, 1 3 miles from Kachu, is t h e Pass
over t h e Hindu Kush known a s t h e Parandev pass. A road leads up the
Parandev Dara and over t h e p a s s a t its head. (I.B.C.)
PARANDEV Or BAZARAK
4 &Jk
35-25 69-24 A.
A pass over t h e western Hindu Kush, leading from the
Panj shi r i nt o t h e Andarab valley. r t lies a t t h e head of t h e dara of
t h e same name, about 13 miles from Kachu in Panj shi r . I t forms t he
be s t communication ( except t h e Khawak pass) between t he two valleys,
and from nat i ve r e p o r t s seems t o be a f ai r l y eas y pa s s f or Afghan
camels. The Amir She r ALi is sai d t o have t aken guns over t hi s Pass
on camel s in 1864 and it is pr obabl e t h a t h e improved t h e road t hen
and t h a t not hi ng ha s been done t o it s i nce. The pa s s is closed by
Snow from about t h e mi ddl e of November t o t h e middle, Or end
Apr i l .
The Hindu Kush is sai d t o be known about here as t h e Talab-i-Ab; t he
lower s l ope s and s p u r s on t h e nor t he r n s i d e of t h e pa s s a r e w e l l
wooded, but t h e main r ange i t s e l f is bare, and snow lies on it i n
pl aces all t h e year r ound. The Parandev pa s s is al s o known a s t h e
Bazarak. (1.B.c .)
PARCHA L ~ J C
33-9 68-24 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed in t h e Sar deh Rud valley, nor t he a s t
of Bar Metakhan i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
*PARCHAO r b ~ k
34-16 71-7 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed on t h e Kabul r i ver near t h e Paki-
st an bor der , nor t he a s t o f Lalpura i n Nangarhar pr ovi nce.
PARGAM Or BARGAM g,&
35-8 71-23 A. A vi l l age wi t h a g r e a t deal of cul t i vat i on on t h e
r i ght bank of t h e Kunar r i ver , 7-1/2 miles above Asmar. (I.B.C.)
PARIAN ci b
35-38 70-1 m. A gl en de s c e ndi ng from t h e main r ange of t h e Hindu
Kush and running sout hwest t o t h e head of t h e Panjshir valley, which
it j oi ns about 11 m i l e s above Dasht-i-Rewat. I t cont ai ns s e ve r a l
vi l l ages, t h e h i g h e s t of whi ch is Pir Guzar. Then come Mazar and
Kirpitao (Kur Pi t ab). In t h e s e t h r e e , whi ch a r e col l ect i vel y known
a s Kirpitao, a r e 200 hous es . Below Ki rpi t ao a r e t h e Chahar deh
s e t t l e me n t s of J i s t a , Kuchan, Kala-i-Sujah, Shahnuz, and Parian
pr oper , having col l ect i vel y 100 houses. Thus i n al l Parian t h e r e
ar e 300 hous e s , t h e i nhabi t ant s bei ng excl us i vel y Taj i ks. Ther e is
a good de a l of cul t i vat i on, but not many f r u i t t r e e s . Suppl i e s f o r
a bat t al i on f or one or t wo w e e k s coul d be c ol l e c t e d. The wi dt h of
t h e gl en is sai d t o be on an aver age 200 yar ds , and t h e r e is room t o
camp troops.
"From Ki rpi t ao t h e r e a r e sai d t o be t h r e e r oads. That t o l e f t
( nor t hwes t ) over t h e Kotal Chunduk l e a ds t o Khost , and is a bad
road, sai d t o be unf i t f o r baggage animals. The s econd ( nor t h)
l eads up t h e gl en t o t h e Kotal-i-Bubak (more o f t e n cal l ed t h e Kotal
Nawak) and over t h i s i nt o t h e Anjuman gl en, and s o t o Badakhshan
(Faizabad). Above Pir Guzar t h e road c r o s s e s a s m a l l kot al ( over a
Spur?) known a s t h e Kotal-i-Kalatak. Formerly t h e r e was a f o r t and
vi l l age of Kalatak near he r e , but it has been abandoned. The a s c e nt
Of t h e Nawak Kotal i s sai d t o be good. The d e s c e n t is not s o easy,
and is 10 miles l ong i nt o Anjuman. Ther e is wat er on t h e r oad, but
no habi t at i ons. Thi s r out e is sai d t o be pr act i cabl e f or camel s,
t hough t h e d e s c e n t is t r yi ng. (The e xi s t e nc e of t h i s r out e from
Faizabad t o t h e head of t h e Panj shi r is i mpor t ant from a s t r a t e gi c a l
poi nt of view.) The t h i r d road l e a ds t o t h e r i g h t ( eas t ) up t h e
Chamar gl en (Darrah-i-Chomar) and over t h e mountains i nt o Kafiri-
Stan. I t is a d i f f i c u l t road. The Chamar a s c e nds consi der abl y and
i s encl osed by hi gh hi l l s. I t is not ver y narrow, and t h e r e a r e
Pl aces wher e a f ew t r o o p s mig h t encamp. The t r ack is sai d t o be
only a f oot pa t h and i mpr act cabl e f or hor s es . The peopl e of Parian
g e t t he i r fi re-wood from Chamar, wher e t h e r e is an abundance of
willow. The di s t a nc e from Ki rpi t ao t o t h e Kotal-i-Chamar i s sai d t o
be 10 m i l e s . The d e s c e n t is down a similar gl en equal l y di f f i c ul t .
A t 14 miles t h e f i r s t Kafir s e t t l e me nt is r eached. I t is cal l ed
Atati. The n e x t is Poshal , t he n Lasht a Gham, and t h e n Larha Pach ha.
The l a t t e r is a f o r t s a i d t o ha ve be e n b u i l t by Amir Timur (-i-
Lang). Below Pachha a r e Gadu, Chat ur and Mandul. A t t h e l a t t e r
Place t h e e a s t e r n Arioh and e a s t e r n Wariaj gl e ns uni t e.
"From Chahar deh i n parian t h e r e a r e t wo r oa ds i nt o Kafi ri st an, t h e
Warat and Arioh. 130th g o up gl e ns of t h o s e names and de s c e nd by
o t h e r g l e n d s havi ng t h e same names. The Arioh road is t h e best,
Hor s e s have be e n t a k e n ove r it. The Wariaj pa t h is used by salt
t r a d e r s . Thos e f r om t h e Pa nj s hi r s i d e t a k e t h e s a l t hal f way to t h e
kot a l ( about 5 mi l es?) , and a r e t h e r e m e t by t h e Kafi rs, who barter
f o r it. The Wariaj is s a i d t o b e v e r y si mi l ar t o t h e Chamar road.
The k o t a l is on t h e Koh- i - Sur khshal , whi ch ha s a hi gh peak. The
p e a k n o r t h e a s t o f t h e k o t a l is Mir I s mai l . Th e Ar i oh Kotal is
s out hwe s t of t h e Sur khshal peak. Wakhe peak is on t h e ot her side of
it.
The d i s t a n c e f r om t h e Wariaj Kot al t o t h e f i r s t s e t t l e me nt of Kafirs
is s ai d t o be t h e same a s t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g d i s t a n c e on t h e Chamar
r oa d, t h a t is, a bout 14 mi l e s . Th e f i r s t vi l l a ge is Lina (Linar?)
t h e n Pur ang. The t wo c ont a i n 250 h o u s e s o f Kor eshi Kafirs (so
c a l l e d f r om t h e name o f t h e pl ace, whi c h was onc e inhabited by
Kor e s hi Arabs.) The r e is c ul t i va t i on, and a l s o or c ha r ds . The glen
is 200 y a r d s wi de, wi t h a nar r ow bot t om and s l opi ng s i de s . There is
a pl a c e l owe r down cal l ed Dasht-i-Ayar whe r e t r o o p s mi ght encamp.
Below t h i s t h e g l e n becomes a d e f i l e c a l l e d Mukhim Kadao. Lower
still is a not he r , Lina, wi t h s t e e p h i g h h i l l s on bot h s i de s .
The Ari oh r oad is s a i d t o b e t h e b e s t o f t h e t h r e e from Parian, and
l a d e n yabus can be g o t ove r it, t h o u g h wi t h di f f i c ul t y. I t resem-
b l e s t h e o t h e r s more or less. Some 5 or 6 m i l e s up t h e western
Ari oh gl e n was f or mer l y a vi l l a ge c a l l e d Ari oh, b u t having been
c o n s t a n t l y a t t a c k e d by t h e Kaf i r s, it h a s be e n abandoned. The Arioh
Kotal is s ai d t o b e 1 5 miles f r om Cha ha r de h, and t h e f i r s t ~ a f i r
vi l l a ge is t h e same d i s t a n c e beyond. It is now d e s e r t e d l i ke Arioh,
and f o r a l i k e r eas on; t h a t is, be c a us e it is t oo e xpos e d t o t he
a t t a c k s of ~ a n j s h i r i s . " ( Shahzada Taimus, from nat i ve information.)
PAR1 DARA See JAGDALAK ' J Ju
PARJAK
4 8
34- 44 67- 1 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d o n t h e aria-i-Band-i-Amir in
Bamian pr ovi nce.
PARJ INA
e x
3'4-19 69-51 m. A vi l l a ge in t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t , on t h e l e f t
ba nk o f t h e S u r k h a b r i v e r , 3 m i l e s s o u t h w e s t o f t h e br i dge
( Sur k hpul ) . I nhabi t ant s : Khugi ani s. ( Mc N a i r . )
PARK
JJk
33-3 68-43 m.
A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a bout 2 miles s o u t h e a s t of ~ u s h k h e l
i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
PARPI T
4
35- 71-. El evat i on 13, 500 f e e t . A p a s s l e a di ng from t h e head of
t h e P i t t i g u l v a l l e y i n Ka f i r i s t a n t o Bombor e t i n Chi t r a l . 00t h
a s c e n t and d e s c e n t a r e ve r y s t e e p , and q u i t e i mpr act i cabl e f or
mul es. ( Rober t son. )
L .L
PARSA
. .
34- 68-. A s t e e p , narrow val l ey whi ch d e b o u c h e s i nt o t ha t of
Ghor band a t Cha ha r de h. A camel r oad l e a d s u p it t o t h e crest of t h e
Paghman r a n g e , a n d s o t o t h e Ka bul - Cha r i ka r main r oad. I t is
unde r s t ood t o be i nha bi t e d by Sha i kh A l i Hazaras, but pract i cal l y
not hi ng is known of t h e gl e n- or its i nha bi t a nt s .
( ~ e a c o c k e * )
PARSHAR JLJ~
35-13 69-25 m.
A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e panjshir,
e a s t of Anawa, i n Kapisa - pr ovi nce.
PARSIWAN See Volume 5.
"\lrrk
*PARUM fur
35-20 70-9 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Nur est an
ri ver, near Bala Murg hab, i n Laghman pr ovi nce.
* PARWAN
I
LJ
35-0 69-10. A pr ovi nc e i n e a s t - c e nt r a l Af g hani st an whi ch com p r i s e s
an ar ea of 11, 367 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s and an a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on
est i mat ed a t from 281, 941 t o 305, 031. The pr ovi nce is bounded in
t h e west by Bamian, i n t h e nor t h by Baghl an and Takhar , in t h e e a s t
by Laghman and Kabul, and i n t h e s o u t h by Kabul and Maidan (Wardak).
The pr ovi nce now a l s o i n c l u d e s t h e f or mer pr ovi nc e of Kapisa. Par-
wan (and Kapisa) is di vi de d i n t o t h e wol eswal i s o f Ghor band, Jabal
al-Saraj, Bagram, Mahmud Raqi, Kohi st an, Panj shi r , Nejrab, and
Tagab, and i n t o t h e a l a qa da r i s of Shai kh Al i , Shi nwar , Koh-i-
Safi, Alasai, Durnama and Panj s hi r 1 and 2.
The c a pi t a l o f t h e pr ovi nc e is t h e t own of Charikar,
For wol eswal i lists from t h e Depar t ment of St a t i s t i c s of t h e Minis-
t r y o f Ag r i c u l t u r e a nd I r r i g a t i o n see t h e f ol l owi ng s i x t abl es .
( LWA
PARWAN Or CHARIKAR
\
3 1Js
35-15 69-30 A. A l a r g e vi l l age a t t h e mouth o f t h e Sal ang gl e n,
some 49 miles d u e nor t h o f Kabul. I t is, in f a c t , t wo vi l l a ge s on
ei t her s i de of t h e stream which de s c e nds sout h from t h e Bajgah pass.
Ther e a r e a t l e a s t 1, 500 hous e s i n t h e t wo. The st r eam j oi ns t h e
Ghorband a t about 4 miles s o u t h o f Tutamdara. Parwan Dara ha s
at t ai ned a ve r y unpl e a s a nt not or i e t y t o t h e Br i t i s h from an a c t i on
which took place on t h e 2nd November 1840, when General Sale' s f or ce
came up wi t h t h e r emnant s o f Dost Muhammad's army, who f i ndi ng
hi msel f p r e s s e d , f a c e d about and came down t o t h e c ha r ge . The
mat chl es s gal l ant r y o f t h e o f f i c e r s , Capt ai ns Fr as er and Ponsonby,
Li eut enant s Cr i s pi n and Broad f oot , and Dr . Lord was not s e c onde d by
t h e men unde r t h e i r command, who f l e d , f ol l owed by t h e enemy' s
cavalry. Captains Fraser and Ponsonby were desper at el y wounded, and
Li eut enant s Cr i s pi n and Br oa df oot and Dr. Lord were ki l l ed. (Wood,
Kaye, Sayyidulla. ) Parwan is now t h e name of a pr ovi nce, t h e vi l -
l age of Parwan is p r e s e n t l y cal l ed Char i kar . (LWA)
*PASATIAN &L,
34-21 68-40 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Maidan
r i ver , some 10 m i l e s w e s t o f Ni r kh i n Maidan pr ovi nce.
* PASDEH 4 4
34-51 68-44 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y o f t h e Ghorband
r i ver , s o u t h o f Dahana Kharbid i n Parwan pr ovi nce.
PASHAD .Li
34-43 71-1 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on t h e Kunar r i ve r , about 4 miles
sout hwest of Narang i n Kunar pr ovi nce.
PASHAGAI J+
A t r i b e of Si ahpogh Kaf i r s who f or mer l y hel d t h e val l ey of Sai kal , a
Por t i on of whi ch cont ai ni ng t h e l a r g e vi l l a ge s o f Dumian, Kandla,
Paramdol, and Taru, it c ont i nue s t o r et ai n. The pe opl e of t h e s e
places have become Muhammadans. Of t h e remainder of t h e tribe, who
f ol l ow t h e i r a nc i e nt r el i gi on, some dwe l l in t h e c ount r y of t h e
Si ahpos h and some t o t h e nor t h in t h e val l ey of Me l . (Raverty. )
BAGRAM
JAsUL SARAJ
CHARIKAR
SURKH PARSA
GHOKBAND
SALANG
SHENWARI
SHAIKH ALI
KOH-I-SAFI
TOTAL
ESTLMATE OF AGRICULTURAL POPULATION AND AREA UNDER CULTIVATION
Agricultural
Population
Landlords Lands under Cultivation in Jaribs
Irrigated Non-Irrig. Total
Lands under Cultivation in Hectares
Irrigated Non-Irrig. Total
BAGRAM
JABUL SARAJ
CHARlKAR
SURKH PARSA
GHORBAND
SALANG
SHENWARI
SHAIKH ALI
KOH-I-SAFI
TOTAL
Irrigated
PRODUCTION OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS-IN KABUL1 SEERS
Grains
Non-Img. Total Vegetables
Other Crops
Industrial Other Temp.
Crops Crops
38,500 275,000
45,500 780,000
98,000 600,000
- 667,500
-
542,500
- 380,000
- 227,500
- 247,500
-
145,000
Fruits
BAGRAM
JABUL SARAJ
CHAFUKAR
SURKH PARSA
GHRBAND
SALANG
SHAIK ALI
SHEWAR1
KOKI-S AFI
TOTAL
Canals
LAND UNDER IRRIGATION AND SOURCES OF IRRIGATION
Area in Jaribs
Springs Karcz Wells Total Canals
Number of Sources
Springs Karez Wells Water Mills
BAGRAM
JABUL SARAJ
CHARIKAR
SURKH PARSA
GHORBAND
SALANG
SHENWA Rl
SHAJKH ALI
KOH-I-SAFI
TOTAL
TOTAL CULTIVABLE LANDS-IN KABUL1 JARIBS
Pastures Forests Under
Cultivation
Fallow
Lands
PASHAI jC;
A r ace whi ch f or mer l y was more numer ous, b u t is now obs c ur e and
nearly f o r g o t t e n . Leech s a y s t h e y i nha bi t t h e d i s t r i c t s of "Mun-
dal," "Chi t el a, " "Parina," "Kundi," and "Seva Kulman." Masson s a ys
we a r e enabl ed t o t r a c e a pe opl e of t h i s name t h r o u g h o u t t h e whol e
count r y from Panj s hi r t o Chi t r al . In Nijrao are still a f e w Pashai
f ami l i es ; i n Laghman, a v i l l a g e a t t h e f o o t o f Koh-i -Kari nj ,
pr e s e r ve s t h e a ppe l l a t i on of Pashai ; i n Kunar, t h e a c t ua l vi l l age of
Pashat r e t a i ns a nominal mement o of t h e Pashai r ace, a s i n Bajaur
doe s t h e vi l l age of Pashgr am. The i nha bi t a nt s o f Panj s hi r and
Nijrao, s pe a ki ng t h e Pas hai di a l e c t , a l t hough now cal l i ng t he ms e l ve s
Tajiks, may not unr easonabl y b e s u p p o s e d t o be of Pashai d e s c e n t ;
and t h e same r emar k may a ppl y t o t h e Sa f i s o f Tagao and t h e Dara-i-
Nur, etc., and t o t h e i nha bi t a nt s of Laghman. ( Leech, Masson.)
N.B. A number of p e o p l e cal l i ng t he ms e l ve s Pas hai s a r e f ound i n t h e
Andarab val l ey.
PASHA I JLi
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge in Laghman on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Al i shang
r i ver , 1-1/2 miles above its j unct i on wi t h t h e Alingar. The f ol l ow-
i ng a r e t h e haml et s compos i ng t h e pl ace:
(1) D e h-i-Malo k h (2) D e h-i-Has him (3) Banda-i-Fak i ran.
The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Tajik s. (Warburton.)
PASHAI
A s ubs ect i on of t he J aghur i Hazar as.
*PASHA1 je
34-34 68-55 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a f e w m i l e s s o u t h we s t of Paghman
in Kabul pr ovi nce. Ot her pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name a r e l oc a t e d on a
t r i but ar y of t h e Tagab, some 10 miles n o r t h e a s t o f Nejrab in Kapisa
pr ovi nce, a t 34-59 69-42 m.; i n t h e Nawabad ar ea, s o u t h we s t of Reza
Kohest an i n Kapisa pr ovi nce, a t 35-4 69-24 m.; on t h e Tagab r i ve r ,
s out he a s t of Bazar-i -Badakhshi i n Kapisa pr ovi nce, a t 35-1 69-37 m.;
on a t r i but a r y o f t h e Tagab, w e s t of Loka khe l i n Kapisa pr ovi nce, a t
35-1 69-42 m.
PASHAIAN &'&
A v i l l a g e e a s t o f Ch a r i k a r ; 500 f a mi l i e s o f Ta j i k s . ( S h a h z a d a
Ta i mus . )
PASHAK
A v i l l a g e i n t h e Dai Zangi d i s t r i c t of Lal .
* PASHAKARI &
34-49 69-40 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on t h e Tagab r i ver , about 3 miles
s out h of Tagab i n Kapisa pr ovi nce.
PASHAR
A v i l l a g e i n t h e Ab Dara.
PASHAT O r PASHAD .L.i
34-43 71-1 m. An ol d t own in t h e Kunar d i s t r i c t , on t h e l e f t bank
of t h e r i ve r a bout 43 miles from Jalalabad. I t was t h e r e s i d e n c e of
t h e k i n g s of Kunar, and t h e r oyal pal ace and gar den, t h o u g h r a t h e r
de l a pi da t e d, a r e still in e xi s t e nc e . A f e r r y c r o s s e s t h e r i ve r t o
t h e most nor t he r l y of t h e Kot gai vi l l ages . From Pas hat t h e r e a r e
a ppa r e nt l y t wo p a s s e s over t h e Kabul Sapar r ange. A f o r c e of 100
k has adar s is quar t er ed here.
During t h e Fi r s t Af ghan War a mi xed f o r c e was s e n t t o t a k e Pas hat
u n d e r Col onel Or char ds . Li e ut e na nt s Pi gou and Tyt l er made a gallant
b u t u n s e c c e s s f u l ( owi ng t o t h e damp) a t t e mp t t o blow i n t h e gate,
and t h e Sa yyi ds e va c ua t e d t h e f o r t s oon a f t e r . Our l o s s was 65
ki l l e d and wounded. ( Or char d, Mulla, Col d st r eam, I.B.C.)
PASHE
A s u b d i s t r i c t of t h e J a ghur i Hazara count r y.
PASHGHUR See PUKH
35-24 69-42 A. A vi l l a ge i n Panj s hi r , n o r t h e a s t of Rakha.
p6 &'#
PASHKI &
35-20 70-53 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e Darrah-i-Paron, some 10 miles south
of ~ s h t i w a y ( Es ht i wi ) i n Kunar pr ovi nce.
PASHKIGROM Or PUSHKIGROM +S &
35-20 70-54 m. A Si a hpos h vi l l a ge i n t h e Parun por t i on of t h e Pech,
o r Pr es un, val l ey i n Kaf i r i st an. I t is t h e mos t i mpor t ant village
i n t h e val l ey, and is s i t u a t e d a t some little d i s t a n c e from t he
r i g h t bank of t h e r i ve r , a t a bout 71 m i l e s above Chi gha Sarai.
Nearl y o p p o s i t e t h e vi l l age, on t h e l e f t bank of t h e r i ver , is a
narrow val l ey l e a di ng t o Bar gul , t h e h i g h e s t o f t h e Wari villages.
The vi l l a ge c o n s i s t s of a bout 150 h o u s e s and a f o r t , i n which live
t h e hakim o f Parun and 40 Khasadar s. The f o r t is 50 yar ds square,
wi t h a t owe r a t e a c h c or ne r , wi t h t h e f o u r w a l l s l oophol ed. The
vi l l a ge is s i t u a t e d on t h e hi l l s i de . A good s u p p l y of wat er comes
down f r om above t h e vi l l age. The h o u s e s a r e bui l t of round baulks
of t i mber wi t h little o r no masonr y i n bet wen. In s h a p e t h e y resem-
b l e t h e Ba s hgul hous e s , b u t a r e pr ovi de d wi t h t h e pecul i ar wide
chi mney s t r u c t u r e s c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o f Pr e s ungul ; t h e y have no veran-
d a h s . Th e "Pshal s" a r e c l u s t e r e d all r ound t h e ba s e of t h e s l ope in
t h e us ual way. Th e r e is a good c a nt i l e ve r b r i d g e of t wo s pa ns over
t h e r i ve r he r e . The c e n t r e pi e r , of r o u g h s t o n e masonry bounded
wi t h l a y e r s o f br a nc he s , s t a n d s i n t h e wat er . The b e s t pl ace of a
campi ng- gr ound is on t h e l e f t bank. Su p p l i e s of all s o r t s ar e pro-
cur abl e. ( Rober t s on, I.B.C., Peart. ) Re c e nt maps s how t h e spel l i ng
Pashk i . (LWA)
PASHOK
dp+
35-8 70-34 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a t t h e s o u r c e of t h e Kolatan Dar-
r ah, near t h e Koh-i-Watyali i n Laghman pr ovi nce.
PASHTO
A s ubs e c t i on of t h e Pol ada Hazar as.
PAS-I -KOH df i
33-43 67-7 G. A mount ai n l oc a t e d =st of Chakmak in t h e Dai ~ u n d i
a r e a .
*PASQAD
4
33-20 67-20 m. A vi l l a qe l oc a t e d near Bughr a and e a s t of Lalchak in
west er n Ghazni provinc;.
PASTA1 a
34-18 68-13 m.
A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a f e w miles w e s t of #ot-i-Asho and
nor t h o f t h e Koh-i-Khwaja Bahadur in Maidan pr ovi nce.
cc
PATA
- .
33-12 68-15 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d s o u t h e a s t of ~ u s h a k a i in ~ h a z n ~
prov i nce .
PATAK 4
33-47 69-39 M. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d on t h e Lazha Khwar, ne a r its
j unct i on wi t h t h e Kurram r i v e r i n Pa kt i a pr ovi nc e .
*PATAN "k
33-28 68-54 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d a b o u t 3 miles n o r t h o f Kol al gu i n
pakt i a pr ovi nc e . Anot he r p l a c e wi t h t h i s name is l o c a t e d on t h e
Kurram r i v e r , near Khar l achi and t h e Pa ki s t a n b o r d e r , s ome 8 miles
e a s t o f Chamkani i n Pa kt i a pr ovi nc e , a t 33-49 69-57 m.
PATAN o\;
34-36 70-47 G. A s m a l l v i l l a g e i n t h e Kunar val l ey, 27 1/2 m i l e s
from Jal al abad. Half a m i l e a b o v e t h e v i l l a g e t h e r e is a p a r i o f t h e
us ual t y p e , i.e., a s t e e p r o c k y s p u r r unni ng d o wn t o t h e r i v e r , a nd
surmount ed by a khasadar pos t . Thes e p o s t s a r e al ways s qua r e t o we r s
o f d r y s t o n e mas onr y b o n d e d t o g e t h e r by l a y e r s o f ba l l i s and br a nc h-
es at i n t e r v a l s o f t wo o r t h r e e f e e t . J u s t bel ow t h i s p o i n t is a
f l y i n g b r i d g e ( a r a f t wor ki ng on a r o p e ) a c r o s s t h e r i ve r . From t h e
Pat an Par i a g o o d vi ew o f t h e o p p o s i t e s i d e o f t h e va l l e y a c r o s s t h e
r i v e r , wh i c h h e r e wi d e n s o u t i n t o a ba s i n o f s e v e r a l s q u a r e m i l e s
ar ea, is obt a i ne d. Th e s p u r s o f t h e Kabul Sapar r a n g e f or m t h e ba c k
and s i d e s o f t h i s bas i n, wh i c h is he a vi l y c u l t i v a t e d and c o n t a i n s
some f o u r o r f i v e v i l l a g e s , a l l a p p a r e n t l y known a s Kunar. ( Col d-
st ream. ) Anot he r p l a c e wi t h t h i s name is l o c a t e d a t 33-11 68-48 A.
PATANAI Se e PALTANAI
PATAR I\;
One o f t h e f o u r t r i b u t a r y g l e n s o f t h e Ni j rao val l ey. I t is i nhab-
i t e d b y "Pas hai s " and Taj i ks . ( Leech. )
PATHAN O r PATTAN "\;
33-49 69-57 m. A v i l l a g e on t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e Kurram r i v e r ,
a b o u t 1 m i l e on t h e Af gha n s i d e o f t h e f r o n t i e r . Hal f a m i l e e a s t o f
t h e v i l l a g e a r e t wo p o s t s , c a l l e d Pat han and Dand (Danda), e a c h h e l d
by 100 k h a s a d a r s . (I.B.C.)
*PATIRAI a ~ e +
34-18 70-19 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d on t h e Kambu Khwar, s ome 1 5 miles
s o u t h we s t o f Jal al abad i n Nangar har pr ovi nc e .
PATKAO-I-ROGHANI (,w ) &?'+dk
33- 69-. A v i l l a g e i n t h e s o u t h e r n d i v i s i o n o f t h e Logar val l ey,
on t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e r i v e r , an 2 miles s o u t h e a s t o f Bar aki
Bara k. I nha bi t a nt s : Ta j i ks and Sa yyi ds . S u p p l i e s , wa t e r and f u e l
a r e a l l p l e n t i f u l . A t Pat kao-i -Rog hani a r oad f r om Ga r de z , vi a t h e
Al t i mur p a s s , j o i n s t h e Logar val l ey r oad f r om Kabul t o Ghazni .
(1 .B.C.)
PATKAO-I-SHAHANA Or PADKHWAB-I-SHANA &LfLrl+~k
33-57 69-4 m. A v i l l a g e i n t h e s o u t h e r n d i v i s i o n o f Logar val l ey,
and on t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e r i ve r . I t is 6 m i l e s n o r t h e a s t o f
Pat kao-i -Rog hani and 1 2 miles s o u t h w e s t o f Zarg hun Shahar . For
r e v e n u e p u r p o s e s pat kao- i - Shahana is i n c l u d e d i n o n e t o wn s h i p wi t h
t h e n e i g h b o u r i n g v i l l a g e o f Li as Khan.
I t was i n t h e ne i g hbour hood of t h i s p l a c e t h a t Br i g ad i er - Gener al
Pal l i s er , C.B., a t t a c k e d and t o t a l l y d e f e a t e d a l a r g e g a t h e r i n g o f
9 h a z i s f r om Zurmat on t h e 1st Jul y 1880. For d e t a i l s o f t h i s a c t i o n
see t h e " Of f i c i a l Hi s t or y o f t h e Se c ond Af gha n War."
PATKHA 4+
33-33 69-11 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e Ga r de z Rud, some 5 m i l e s sout hwest
o f Gar dez i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
PATKUN (A)
35-27 71-37 A. El evat i on 8, 400 f e e t . A p a s s l e a di ng over t h e east-
e r n wa t e r s h e d of t h e Ba s hgul val l ey f r om Gour de s h ( Gowhar desh) to
Ut zun and s o on t o Kala Dr osh.
From t h e vi l l a ge o f Gour de s h, a l t i t u d e 4,130 f e e t , t h e road runs up
t h e l e f t bank o f t h e t o r r e n t of t h a t name f o r a qua r t e r of a mile,
wh e r e it c r o s s e s t o t h e r i g h t bank by a pa r t i c ul a r l y dubi ous bridge.
Two hundr ed yar ds f ur t he r is a conveni ent camping place. Thence t he
t r a c k r u n s ove r f i e l d s near t h e wa t e r ' s e d g e , and a t 1 1/2 miles
p a s s e s a Sha i kh haml et of s i x hous e s . A t 3 miles t h e val l ey di vi des
i n t o t wo, t h e one r unni ng t o t h e Pat kun pa s s , t h e o t h e r l eadi ng to
Pi t t i gul . The r oad t o t h e Pat kun is u p a nar r ow g u l t h i c k l y cl ot hed
wi t h pi ne trees. A t f i r s t t h e a s c e n t is gr adual , and with t he
e x c e p t i o n o f one or t wo r oc ky b i t s t h e pa t h is f a i r l y easy. The
stream has t o be cr os s ed and r ecr ossed t wo or t hr e e times. The road
f i na l l y k e e p s t o t h e r i g h t bank h i g h above t h e wat er , and ge t s
e a s i e r and s t e e p e r . Th e l a s t f e w hundr e d f e e t a r e ver y s t e e p. The
t o p of t h e p a s s is pr obabl y 8 m i l e s f r om Gour des h. Thence t h e road
d e s c e n d s t h r o u g h a pi ne f o r e s t a t a v e r y s e v e r e gr a di e nt t o a rough
s t o n y c ha nne l , i n whi c h it c o n t i n u e s till Ut zun is near ed, when it
k e e p s t o t h e s l o p e s on t h e l e f t bank of t h e st r eam. Oppos i t e Utzun
it c r o s s e s a t o r r e n t f r om t h e Pi t t i g u l d i r e c t i o n , by means of a fair
b r i d g e , and r e a c h e s t h e f o o t o f t h e i s ol a t e d coni cal r ock on which
Ut zun, 40 hous e s , is p e r c h e d a mi d s t c o r n f i e l d s and i n an amphithea-
tre o f hi l l s . From t h e f o o t of t h e Pat kun t o Ut zun is probably 4
m i l e s , gi vi ng t h e whol e l e n g t h o f t h e mar ch f or m Gour des h a s 12-1/2
miles. Pl e nt y of room t o camp. ( Rober son. ) Re c e nt maps show t he
name Pachkiun Kandaw. (LWA)
* PATRA
4 i t
32-52 68-6 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y o f t h e Ghazni river,
near Spi na Kala i n Ghazni pr ovi nc e .
PATSA ( 4)k
Bi ddul ph s ays : " The r e is a l s o a s m a l l s l a ve popul at i on exi s t i ng
among t h e Bas hgul i s , who s p e a k t h e i r l a ngua ge and seem t o d i f f e r
from t hem i n no r e s p e c t , e x c e p t i n s oc i a l pos i t i on. They a r e called
Pa t s a s and a r e pr obabl y d e s c e n d a n t s of c a p t i v e s t a ke n from ot her
t r i b e s i n war. They bear ar ms, and i d e n t i f y t he ms e l ve s in ever y way
wi t h t h e i r ma s t e r s i n a l l c o n t e s t s wi t h e x t e r n a l enemi es. They are
d i s t i n g u i s h e d by t h e i r t u n i c s havi ng no s l e e ve s , ve r y narrow edg-
i ngs , and a c ol our e d b a d g e s e wn on t o t h e back.
Thei r women ar e not
al l owed t o wear t h e he a d- dr e s s wi t h h o r n s l i k e t h e o t h e r Bashguli
wmen. "
Robe r t s on' s r e p o r t on Kaf i r i s t an c ont a i ns t h e f ol l owi ng :
"They ( t he
Pa t s a s ) a r e not s l a ve s . They have no f l o c k s nor h e r d 8 o f t he i r ownt
mer el y a little l and whi ch t h e i r wi ves c ul t i va t e . r t is from t hi s
c l a s s t h a t t h e s h e p h e r d or pa t s a is c h i e f l y obt ai ned. During t he
winter mont hs he t a ke s car e of t h e goat s, and r ecei ves f or t h e whole
wi nt e r one animal f o r e ve r y 20 i n h i s c ha r ge . H e o f t e n at t aches
hi ms el f t o an i mpor t a nt man as a hench-man, and pe r f or ms al l t he
d u t i e s o f a s e r v a n t wi t h o u t r e c e i v i n g t h a t title." ( ~ i d d u l ~ h r
Rober t son . )
PATTAN See PATHAN "4
PATU
A pl ace i n t he J a ghur i Hazara count r y.
PAWINDAH See POW1NDAH
PAZGIRAN O r PEZGARAN JJk
35-17 69-39 m. A v i l l a g e i n Pa nj s hi r . See "Hazara Dara."
PAZHINGAR Or PASHANGAR %L
35- 71-. A Shai kh haml et of 9 h o u s e s on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e
Kunar r i ver , s i t ua t e d near t h e mout h of t h e Kunt gul st r eam be t we e n
Bi r kot and Nari. A f e w hundr e d y a r d s t o t h e w e s t a r e t h e r ui ns of
houses. An ol d Kafi r i nf or med Rober t s on t h a t i n h i s t i m e t h e pl a c e
was i nhabi t ed by Kam Kaf i r s, who were dr i ve n away by Musulmans who
s e t t l e d a t Pazhi ngar i n c ons i de r a bl e number s, b u t who were a l l
event ual l y ki l l ed by t h e Kam. In 1891 t h e haml et was i nha bi t e d by
Shai khs ; i.e., by Kaf i r s become Muhammadan. ( Rober t son. ) A moun-
t ai n wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 35-22 71-31 m. (LWA)
PEANI UL
33- 68-. El evat i on 9,140 f e e t . A p a s s on a r oad from Kharwar t o
Ghazni. It l e a d s from Aman Khel t o Zanakhan, and is s u p p o s e d t o b e
t h e b e s t r o u t e t o t h a t val l ey. ( Gr i esbach. )
*PECH (la)&
34-58 70-54. Pech is a wol eswal i i n Nangarhar pr ovi nce. The wol es-
wal i c o mp r i s e s an a r e a o f 1 , 1 2 1 s q u a r e k i l o me t e r s and h a s a n
agr i cul t ur al popul at i on t h a t ha s been es t i mat ed a t from 11, 230 t o
22,243. The wol eswal i is bounded i n t h e west by Chapa Dara, i n t h e
s out h by Chawki and Narang, in t h e e a s t by Asadabad and Bar Konar,
and in t h e nor t h by Kamdesh. Pech ha s about 38 vi l l a ge s , 16 of
whi ch have more t ha n 500 i nhabi t ant s . The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d in
t h e PG a s f ol l ows: Manogai, Nangalam, Garaw, War desh, Kandahari ,
Wadigram (Warigam), Bacha Lam (Lacha Lam), Si nzai , Shamund (Shamur),
Sundar i , Kundagul , Kolak, Barkundi-i-Ulya wa Suf l a, Mangai (Sanagi ),
S h o r i k , Kul a ngul (Kand Gul-i-Ulya), Waigul-i-Ulya, Waigul-i-Sufla,
Warness ( Ar ness) , Hamsoz (Masoz-Mandas), Neshai ( Nes hagi ) , Shi ngul ,
Qal a Gul , Konal Kalai (Kan Kalai) , Qal a Gul (Qala-i-G ul-i-Su f l a ) ,
Jama Mesh, Lotalam, Nati Gram, Khalq Lam, Matin, Emar, Kor Bagh,
Dargai, Gandila, H e 1 Gul, Sawki , Kalmo, Zarmundi, Chi na, Emshaza,
Qala-i-Siddiq, Dumsoz, and Bar Kandai.
PECH DARA
* J ~ & U
34-52 71-9 A. A r i ve r bel i eved t o r i s e in t h e s out he r n s l o p e s o f
t h e Hindu Kush, and f l owi ng in a ge ne r a l s out he r l y di r e c t i on t o t h e
Kunar a t Chi gha Sarai. I t is var i ousl y de s i gna t e d by t h e Kaf i r s a s
t h e Pr e s ungul o r Tsar ogul , and it is r e f e r r e d t o by Bellew and
Lumsden a s t h e Kamah, a ve r y good name i nasmuch a s one of its
br anches f l o ws from t h e i mpor t ant Kamah pa s s , Pech is, however , a
f ai r l y well-known name, and it will be c onve ni e nt t o ad h e r e t o t h a t
a ppe l l a t i on.
The r i ve r is f or med by t h e Wezgul dr a i na ge whi ch i nc l ude s t h a t of
t h e p a s s l eadi ng t o Skor i gul , t h a t of t h e Mami p a s s whi ch l e a d s t o
the Baprok val l ey, and t h a t of t h e Uzhamezhal gul , up whi ch is t h e
Kungani p a s s road. ~ u s t bel ow t h e Uzhamezhal gul j unct i on it is
j oi ned by t h e c ons i de r a bl e Sh i d g u l st r eam up t h e val l ey o f whi ch
t h e r e is no r oad. A t t h e vi l l age of Sht evgr om t h e main st r eam is
j oi ned by t h e Kamahgul, and t h e n f l o ws pl aci dl y down t h e val l ey
t hr ough l and set a s i d e f o r t h e s e r vi c e of Imra, and p a s t a l l t h e
o t h e r Pr esun vi l l ages. Af t e r pa s s i ng t h e l a s t , Pushki gr om, i t makes
an a br upt t ur n, whi ch was t h e l i m i t o f Dr. Rober t s on' s j our ney, and
e n t e r s t h e Tsar 0 count r y.
Some little d i s t a n c e l owe r down it re-
c e i v e s on its r i g h t t h e K t i r i ve r .
The vi l l a ge of Tsar 0 is on the
r i g h t bank, and near l y o p p o s i t e it t h e Amzhi val l ey of Waigul emp-
ties its dr a i na ge i n t o t h e main s t r eam. The l a t t e r is also said to
b e j oi ned by t h e t wo As hkun s t r e a ms t h e u p p e r f al l i ng i nt o t he K t i ,
t h e l owe r , whi c h d r a i n s t h e As hkun val l ey, j oi ni ng t h e Pech direct.
Regarding t h e road down t h e valley, Robertson remarks:
"Of t h e r o u t e s ( i n Ka f i r i s t a n ) wi t h wh i c h I am a c q u a i n t e d , or
pa r t i a l l y a c qua i nt e d, p e r h a p s t h e mos t i n t e r e s t i n g is t h a t from t he
~ u n j a n val l ey ove r t h e Kamah p a s s t o t h e vi l l a ge of Sht evgrom,
t h e n c e t h r o u g h a char mi ngl y e a s y val l ey r i c h i n f l o c k s and her ds,
and c ont a i ni ng s i x l a r g e and popul ous vi l l ages . I t f ol l ows t he
c o u r s e o f t h e Pe c h o r Kamah r i v e r r ound t h e bend bel ow P u ~ h k i g r o ~ ,
wh e r e my pe r s ona l k n o wl e d g e of it e n d s a s a br upt l y a s t h e river
t u r n s , and s o on t o Chi g ha Sarai. I f w e a r g u e by anal ogy it is
pr oba bl e t h a t f r om t h e bend ment i oned t o Chi g ha Sarai t h e road i s
e x t r e me l y d i f f i c u l t . Bu t i f t h i s is n o t s o , a nd i f t h e Munjan
p o r t i o n o f t h e r o a d is o f a n a v e r a g e k i n d , t h i s r o u t e from
Badakhs han t o Ch i g h a Sar ai o u g h t t o b e a good one, f o r i n t h e Presun
v a l l e y t h e r e a r e l a r g e t r a c t s o f g r a s s l a n d s , and c ons i de r a bl e
q u a n t i t i e s o f s u p p l i e s c oul d b e obt ai ned. Wood is s c a r c e a t t he
u p p e r p a r t of t h e val l ey, b u t p l e n t i f u l l owe r down near Pushkigrom."
The Pr e s uns , a l s o c a l l e d Vi run by t h e i r Muhammadan nei ghbour s, are
pr obabl y a ve r y a n c i e n t pe opl e . The y a r e e nt i r e l y d i f f e r e n t from
t h e Si a pos h t r i b e s o f Kaf i r i s t an on t h e one hand and from t h e Wai
and Ash kun p e o p l e on t h e ot he r . The y a r e r emar kabl e f o r t he i r more
p e a c e f u l d i s p o s i t i o n , a nd t h e i r i n e f f i c i e n c y a s f i g h t i n g men.
"I ndeed, " s a y s Rober t s on, "it seems pr obabl e t h a t t h e Wai, provided
t h a t t h e Pus hki gr om men r emai ned ne ut r a l and t h e Si ahpos h t r i be did
n o t i n t e r f e r e , coul d d o ve r y much a s t h e y l i k e d i n Pr esungul , f or
t h e onl y a c t i n t h e way o f r e p r i s a l of whi ch t h e Pr e s uns coul d boast
d u r i n g t h e tree ye a r s t h e war ( be t we e n t h e Pr e s uns and Waigulis) had
l a s t e d was t h e mur der o f a Wai girl. " The Pr e s uns have s i x vil-
l ages: - - Sht e vgr om, Pr ont zgr om, Diogrom, ~ s t i g i g r o m, SatsumgrOm,
Pus hki gr om. The i r number s a r e e s t i ma t e d a t 5,000 s oul s .
F u r t h e r i n f o r ma t i o n r e g a r d i n g t h i s r i ve r , c ol l e c t e d from native
i nf or mat i on, is a s f ol l ows : Looki ng nor t h from Sht e vi t wo branches
o f t h e r i ve r are s e e n, o n e f l owi ng down a val l ey from t h e nor t h and
t h e o t h e r from t h e nor t he a s t . Th e l a t t e r ha s cons i der abl y more
wat er and a p p e a r s t o be t h e main st r eam. A t t h e head of t h e north-
e a s t val l ey is t h e p a s s l e a di ng t o Papr ok ( or Sapr ok) in ~ a s h g u l ,
sometimes known a s t h e Paproki Pass. These t wo branches unite about
t wo miles a bove Sht e vi . J u s t bel ow Sh t e v i t h e main r i ve r is joined
by a s m a l l s t r eam f l owi ng from t h e l a k e a t t h e f o o t of t h e Weram or
Kamar ( or Kamah)--Bida Pass.
Th e pr i nc i pa l t r i b u t a r i e s on t h e r i g h t bank a r e t h e Kantiwa, ~ u r d wa r
and t h e Cha ppa s t r e a ms , wh i l s t on t h e l e f t bank t h e ~ a i g a l and t he
Katar-Gambir are t h e pr i nc i pa l a f f l u e n t s .
The val l ey is known by var i ous names by t h e i nha bi t a nt s a t di f f e r e nt
p o r t i o n s o f its c o u r s e o f whi ch t h e main di vi s i ons ar e:
1. Parun, from Sh t e v i t o t h e Kurdar Nala. The l owe r s t r e t c h of t hi s
por t i on, f r om At akund Nala, 1 2 miles bel ow ash ki , t o t h e ~ u r d a r r is
a l s o somet i mes known a s Wama; 2. Pech, from bel ow t h e ~ u r d a r to
Metina; and 3. Chi gha Ser ai , from bel ow ~ a t i n a t o its j unct i on wi t h
t h e Kunar r i v e r . I n a d d i t i o n t o t h i s t h e Kaf i r p o r t i o n of t h e
val l ey is c a l l e d J a di d ul-Islam.
Th e u p p e r por t i on o f t h e Parun val l ey is c ompa r a t i ve l y wider but
from t h e Atakund N a b downwards it becomes a narrow gor ge flanked by
h i g h p r e c i p i t o u s h i l l s wi t h ba r e needl e- l i ke peaks . The hi l l s are
wooded wherever t h e s l ope s admit of trees growing.
The r i ve r t h r o u g h t h i s pr ot i on is a r a pi d.
Thes e c ondi t i ons c ont i nue i n t o t h e Pech por t i on t o a f e w m i l e s a bove
Gosalak, bel ow whi ch t h e val l ey wi de ns and is r i c h l y c ul t i va t e d wi t h
r i c e . Here t h e h i l l s a r e w e l l wo o d e d , t h e v i l l a g e s a r e c l o s e
t o g e t h e r and t h e r i ve r f l o ws ge nt l y.
In t h e Chi gha Ser ai por t i on t h e val l ey is still wi der and is w e l l
cul t i vat ed, c h i e f l y wi t h r i ce.
The hi l l s become e a s i e r and a r e w e l l wooded.
From Simartan t o Kamchi it is known a s Bar Chi gha Ser ai and from
below t h i s t o Dam K i l l i a s Kuz Chi gha Ser ai .
The Parun is i nha bi t e d by Si ah Pos h Kaf i r s who a r e now a l l Mussal-
mans, and in e a c h o f t h e i r vi l l a ge s is a mulla who dr a ws R s . 20 a
month from t h e Ami r . H e is i n c h a r g e of t h e vi l l a ge s c h o o l and i n
addi t i on, d o e s d u t i e s si mi l ar t o t h o s e of a l umbar dur in Br i t i s h
India. A l l t h e boys have t o a t t e n d s c h o o l r e gul a r l y, whe r e t h e i r
i ns t r uc t i on is c onf i ne d t o r e l i gi ous books . Some o f t hem however can
t al k Per si an f a i r l y f l ue nt l y. The p u p i l s g o t o Asmar t o b e exami ned
by t h e Br i gadi er t h e r e . The Si ah Pos h a p p e a r ha ppy and c o n t e n t e d
and Islam is popul ar wi t h t h e young gener at i on. They a r e t r e a t e d
ver y l e ni e nt l y by t h e Af ghan o f f i c i a l s , and t h e onl y r e ve nue t h e y
have t o pay is R s . 2 (Kabuli) p e r h o u s e i r r e s p e c t i v e o f t h e amount
of l and hel d or number s o f f l o c k s mai nt ai ned. The Hakim o f Parun
l i ve s a t Pashki . H e is an Af ghan and bot h h e and t h e Hakim o f Pe c h
a r e under Hakim Sayi d Kadir Jan of Kunar, who l i v e s a t Pashat . The
peopl e k e e p s h e e p and g o a t s i n l a r g e number s, b u t no t r a n s p o r t
animals, and t h e y d o n o t g o in f o r t r a d e o f any ki nd. A l l avai l abl e
land is unde r c ul t i va t i on and t h e s o i l a p p e a r s good, whe a t and
barl ey bei ng t h e c h i e f c r o p s whi l s t a p r i c o t s and wal nut s a r e a l s o
grown. Sal t is obt ai ned f r om Munjan in e x c h a n g e f o r wool and h i d e s .
Vi l l ages a ppe a r t o be al ways bui l t on t h e h i l l s i d e s , wha t e ve r l e v e l
gr ound t h e r e is bei ng k e p t f o r cul t i vat i on: The h o u s e s a r e c l u s t -
er ed t o g e t h e r , one above t h e o t h e r , t h e h i g h e r o n e s bei ng r e a c he d
over t h e r o o f s of t h e o n e s bel ow. The r o o f s o f t h e hous e s , whi ch
a r e all one- s t or yed, a l s o d o d u t y a s c our t ya r ds . A s e p a r a t e por t i on
of t h e vi l l age is r e s e r v e d f o r c a t t l e and f l o c k s . The p e o p l e a l l
wear whi t e c l o t h e s . The men a p p e a r t o be al l unarmed. The c h i e f
vi l l ages a r e Pa s h k i and Wama.
The peopl e of Pech are Saf i s who now speak Pusht u among t hemsel ves.
Thei r h o u s e s a r e t hr e e - s t or e ye d and, bei ng bui l t up one a g a i n s t t h e
ot he r , t h e backwal l s of t h e o u t e r h o u s e s form a c ont i nuous wall t o
t h e vi l l age whi ch, a s a r ul e , h a s onl y one e nt r a nc e gat e. The p e o p l e
a r e poor a s t h e r e is no o u t l e t f o r t h e i r s p a r e gr ai n. The y k e e p
s h e e p and goa t s , b u t have no t r a n s p o r t animals. Ever y man c a r r i e s a
da gge r , b u t t h e y wer e not not i c e d t o c a r r y any o t h e r arms. The c h i e f
vi l l ages o f Pech a r e Ningalam and Rachalam. In t h e wi nt er t h e
Kuchi s from Jal al abad come h e r e wi t h t h e i r camel s f o r gr azi ng.
The i nha bi t a nt s of Chi g ha Ser ai a r e most l y Dehgani s, who a r e c ons i d-
e r e d o f l ower c a s t e t ha n t h e Saf i s . The i r h o u s e s a r e c l u s t e r e d
t o g e t h e r and somet i mes wal l ed. They d o not a ppe a r t o have any
ar ms. ( N. I . )
Th e r e i s a r e g i me n t o f c a v a l r y q u a r t e r e d i n t h e P e c h va l l e y.
( Rober t son, I.B.c.)
PECH-0-PECH Wj pr
A l a r ge r avi ne whi ch j oi ns t h e Kaoshan gl e n from t h e w e s t , 11 m i l e s
s out h of t h e Kaoshan pas s . Up t h i s r avi ne a t r a c k, s ai d t o b e
pr act i cabl e f o r hor semen and Af ghan camel s, l e a d s ove r t h e Pech-o-
Pech kot a l and d e s c e n d s t h e Dara Nao t o t h e Nimakao gl en, whi ch it
j oi ns j u s t bel ow Khurd Barg. Thi s r o u t e may b e us e d t o avoi d t h e
l owe r p a r t of t h e Kaoshan g l e n r o u t e when t h e l a t t e r is rendered
i mpas s abl e by t h e s we l l i ng o f t h e Kaoshan s t r eam i n s pr i ng. (I.B.c.)
PEIWAR See PAIWAR
33-58 69-52 A.
*PENAR A
34-55 70-41 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Darra-i-
Pech, bet ween Bohk and Ghundai in Kunar province.
PER I STAN
A s ubs e c t i on of t h e Dai kundi Hazar as.
PEROWAR See PIRAWAR ,$\a
*PERU2 I a h
34-41 70-9 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e Al i shang, s ome 4 miles nor t hwe s t of
Ti r ga r i (Meht erl am) i n Lag hman pr ovi nce.
PESH BOLAK &&
34-12 70-48 A. A g r o u p o f 6 o t 7 Dehgan vi l l a ge s i n t h e Jalalabad
d i s t r i c t , a bout 5 m i l e s s o u t h - s o u t h we s t o f Basawal, t h e l a r ge s t of
t h e g r o u p c ont a i ni ng a bout 400 hous e s . Th e r e is a f or t i f i e d post
h e r e wi t h a ga r r i s on of 2 s q u a d r o n s of caval r y and 2 (in summer 3)
compani es o f i nf a nt r y. Duri ng t h e f i r s t Af ghan campai gn t h e r e was
a d e t a c h me n t of j a z a i l c hi s h e r e u n d e r Capt ai n Fer r i s . On t h e 13t h
November 1841, t h e det achment , which t he n consi st ed of 300 infantry
and 25 caval r y, was a t t a c k e d by a smal l pa r t y of i ns ur ge nt s . These,
on t h e 1 5 t h , had i nc r e a s e d t o u p wa r d s o f 5,000 men, pri nci pal l y
c ompos e d of Sangu Khel Shi nwar i s , Pe s h Bol aki s, Kuchi s, e t c , etc.,
who a t t a c k e d t h e f o r t wi t h some vi gour . On t h e 1 6 t h it was found
t h a t t h e ammunition o f t h e de t a c hme nt was near l y e xha us t e d, s o it
was det ermi ned t o c u t a way t hr ough t h e rebel s. Thi s operation was
e f f e c t e d wi t h t h e l o s s o f some 16 ki l l e d and 25 wounded, and t he
d e t a c h me n t a r r i ve d a t Gi r dao, wh e r e t h e y were p r o t e c t e d by Turabaz
Khan, c h i e f o f t h e Mohmands. All publ i c and pr i va t e pr ope r t y had t o
b e l e f t be hi nd, i nc l udi ng among t h e f or mer R s . 38, 000 bel ongi ng t o
Gover nment . ( Fe r r i s , Limond, J e n kyns. )
PESHGHUR A
35-24 69-41 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e Panj s hi r r i ve r , a f ew miles
n o r t h e a s t of Zenya i n Kapi sa pr ovi nce.
PETLA
4
34-15 69-53 m. El evat i on 4, 760 f e e t . A vi l l a ge in t h e ~ h u g i a n i
s e c t i o n o f t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t . ~t is s i t u a t e d 4 miles west of
Tulu, and 5 miles s o u t h o f t h e Sur kha b b r i d g e ( Sur khpul ) . The
i nha bi t a nt s a r e Khugi ani s of t h e She r z a d s ubdi vi s i on. (Jenk yns-1
PEZWAN See LIKHAI ( 2)
*PIADARA
4J J'#
34-1 67-33 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a f e w m i l e s s o u t h e a s t of s af i dab i n
sout her n Bamian pr ovi nce.
4J J ~ C
PI ADARA
33- 68-. A kot a l l e a di ng ove r t h e h i l l s nor t h of Kharwar. It is
onl y pa s s a bl e f o r f oot man. The e a s t f l a nk of t h e p a s s is formed by
t h e c ons pi c uous Koh-i-Piadara. ( Gr i eabach. ) A vi l l age wi t h t hi s
name is we s t - s out hwe s t of Ghazni , a t 33-30 68-6 m. (LWA)
PIAWASH &'J 'de
35-17 69-26 G. A gl en de s c e ndi ng s o u t h e a s t from t h e Hindu Kush t o
t h e Pa nj s hi r val l ey. I t c o n t a i n s t wo v i l l a g e s : Pi awas h, wh i c h h a s
100 h o u s e s ; and Chamal Dara, 2 m i l e s f u r t h e r , wi t h o n l y 1 2 h o u s e s .
AU Taj i ks. From Chamal Dara lies t h e r oad o v e r t h e Ar zu Kot al t o
Andarab. (Shahzada Taimus.) Recent maps s how t h e s pel l i ng Pyawusht .
(LWA)
PINGRAM
33-47 68-56 G. A l a r g e and i mp o r t a n t v i l l a g e a t t h e he a d o f t h e
Char kh val l ey, s o u t h o f t h e Loga r d i s t r i c t . I t is s u r r o u n d e d b y
wal l ed e n c l o s u r e s a nd v i n e y a r d s , and is c a p a b l e o f o f f e r i n g a s t o u t
r e s i s t a n c e . Th e i n h a b i t a n t s are Taj i ks . (McLean, Euan Smi t h. )
*PIRA
'm
34-23 67-19 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d on t h e Dar azqol , s o u t h w e s t o f t h e
KO h-i-C ha ha r ba nd i n Bamian p r o v i n c e .
PIRA KHEL
.S',e
A vi l l a ge 23 miles s o u t h w e s t o f J al al abad. Th e i n h a b i t a n t s b e l o n g i n g
t o t h e Wazir s e c t i o n o f t h e Khugi ani s . ( J enkyns . )
*PIRAKHI &'A
33-58 68-2 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d a b o u t 2 m i l e s s o u t h o f Bokan on t h e
Okak s t r eam i n Gha z ni p r o v i n c e .
PIRANCHA See PARANCHEH
PI RAWAR
' '
J 9 s
34- 25 70- 32. A v i l l a g e i n t h e Be s u d d i v i s i o n o f t h e J a l a l a b a d
d i s t r i c t , s i t u a t e d on t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e Kunar r i v e r , a b o u t 2
miles a b o v e its j u n c t i o n w i t h t h e Kabul . I n h a b i t a n t s : Ar a b s .
( Jenkyns . )
*PIRDAD J' JM
34-22 68-43 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d on a t r i b u t a r y o f t h e Maidan, s ome
8 m i l e s west o f Ni r k i n Maidan p r o v i n c e .
PIRDAD
A v i l l a g e i n t h e w e s t o f t h e Bamian d i s t r i c t .
PIR GUZAR See PARIAN
1 3,
PIR HUSAIN
A s e c t i o n of t h e Bul Hasan Besud Hazar as .
*PIR KALAI
33-48 69-47 G. A f o r t l o c a t e d n o r t h o f Chamkani i n ~ a k t i a pr ovi nc e .
PIR KAMAL BABA ZIARAT
G~LJcL J ~ s
34-16 70-48. A s mal l s h r i n e on t h e main ~ e s h a wa r - Ka b u l r oa d, 6 1/2
miles west o f Basawal . A t a b o u t 100 y a r d s f r om t h e s h r i n e is a
r ui ned Bu d d h i s t t o p e , s i t u a t e d on a s t e e p i s o l a t e d h i l l s ome 250
f e e t a bove t h e pl ai n. I n 1 8 8 0 t h e crest o f t h i s h i l l was f o r t i f i e d
and he l d by 150 i n f a n t r y , wh i l e a t t h e f o o t w a s an e n c l o s u r e f o r 60
s owar s . Th e r e is room f o r a f o r c e o f any s i z e t o encamp h e r e , wi t h a
p l e n t i f u l s u p p l y o f wa t e r f r om t h e Kabul r i v e r , 1 m i l e t o t h e n o r t h ;
g r a s s is e a s i l y obt ai nabl e, and f o d d e r a l s o i f war ni ng is gi ve n. Th e
val l ey t o t h e n o r t h o f t h e r i v e r is f e r t i l e . (Mal l eson. )
PIR KOTI
us*
32-56 69-15 A. A vi l l a ge i n Birmal, on t h e r oad from Ghazni to
Dawar, 12 miles f r om Sha ht or a i ; 400 hous e s . A l l s upl i e s , including
f o r a g e and f ue l , pl e nt i f ul . Water good . (McLean.)
PIR KULI
A s e c t i o n of t h e Dai Zangi s.
PIR NAZAR
A s e c t i o n of t h e Bul Hasan Besud Hazar as.
PIR SARA1 J'PS
33-48 69-49 A. A ha l t i ng- pl a c e 1 3 m i l e s from Khar l achi on t h e road
t h e n c e t o Ghazni , vi a Gar dez.
Th e r e is ampl e room f o r a br i gade t o
encamp h e r e wi t h good f a c i l i t i e s f o r wat er ; a t c e r t a i n amount of
bhus a is usual y pr ocur abl e. (I.B.C.)
PIRU KHEL bur
34-8 69-3. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Logar d i s t r i c t , 5 m i l e s nor t hwe s t of
Babus. (Hervy. )
PXSHBAND
34-25 66-40 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a f e w miles nor t h o f Asgharat i n
e a s t e r n Bamian pr ovi nce.
PITA0 >k
34-3 66-50 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d s o u t h e a s t of t h e Koh-i-Chasht and
e a s t of Es pi gha w i n s o u t h we s t Bamian pr ovi nce. Ot her pl aces with
t h i s name a r e l oc a t d s o u t h of t h e Koh-i-Baba r a nge and e a s t of t he
Koh-i-Sare Ghar i n Bamian pr ovi nce, a t 34-34 67-48 m.; nor t heast
o f t h e Koh-i-Safi and s o u t h we s t of Tagab i n Kapi sa pr ovi nce, a t 34-
44 69-28 m.; on a t r i but a r y o f t h e Kabul r i ve r , nor t h of Torkani,
near t h e Kunar-Nangarhar bor de r , a t 34-31 70-57 m.; on t h e Hindu
st r eam, a t r i but a r y of t h e Kunar, s o u t h e a s t of Cheghas ar ai in Kunar
pr ovi nc e , a t 34-51 71-14 m.; i n t h e Aimaitu a r e a of Ghazni prov-
i nc e , a t 33-14 67-22 m.; and i n t h e Si ka nde r Khel ar ea, s out hwes t
o f t h e Ab-i-Istada i n Ghazni pr ovi nc e , a t 32-18 67-41 m.
PI TAO
A f o r t v i l l a g e i n t h e Dai Zangi count r y.
PI TAWA &..&#
The name by whi c h t h e Panjao val l ey a p p e a r s t o be known below t he
j unct i on of t h e Bi ni gao t agao. Se e Panjao (1). A vi l l age called
Pitawa-i-Ghurban is l oc a t e d a t 34-22 70-31 G. (LWA)
PI TLA
&
34- 69-. A J a j i v i l l a g e a b o u t 1 mile n o r t h w e s t o f t h e t a ka r a i
Kot al . ( Bar t on. )
PITTIGUL Or PITIGAL J&
35- 28 71- 32 m. El e va t i on 5, 000 f e e t . A v i l l a g e i n ~ a f i r i s t a n ,
c o n s i s t i n g o f 50 h o u s e s and much cul t i vat i on. The Pi t t i gul valley
de s c e nds from t h e Parpi t pas s in a sout h- sout hwest er l y direction and
d e b o u c h e s i n t o t h e Bas hgul a f t e r a c o u r s e of some 10 miles. I t s
af f l u e n t s on t h e r i g h t bank a r e t h e Tr amzhi gul , Loshal gul , ~ a r a t g u l *
and Sa Za i l l a i g~l ,
whi l e on t h e l e f t a r e t h e wogul , ~a poml i gul , and
Di t ongul . A v e r y d i f f i c u l t t r a c k from Bombor et i n Chi t r al cross@s
t h e Pa r pi t p a s s and t h e n l e a d s down t h e Pi t t i g u l t o t h e ~ a s h g u l .
( Rober t s. )
r j z 4
*PODIN
33-18 68-54 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e r oad from Met akhan t o
Gardez i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
*PODINA
4 4
34-26 67-8 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e Dara-i-Mur, some 10 miles
nor t he a s t o f Panjao i n Bamian pr ovi nce. Anot her pl a c e wi t h t h i s
name is west of Panj Pi t ao Ghar i n nor t h west Ghazni pr ovi nc e , a t 34-
3 68-5 m.
*POHENDA '+
34-54 69-6 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d n o r t h o f I s t a l i : a n d w e s t o f
~h wajak he1 i n n o r t h e r n Kabul pr ovi nce.
POJAWA See HAZARA DARA
43 kx
A vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d n o r t h e a s t o f Malima, a t 35-19
69-39 m.
34-29 68-22 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e Helmand r i ve r , n o r t h e a s t of
Qala Sayyid i n Maidan pr ovi nce.
POLADA
A main s e c t i on of t h e Hazar as.
'PORUNS &Be
35-25 70-55 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on t h e Dara-i-Parun, a bout 4 miles
s out h of Asht i wai ( Es ht i wi ) i n nor t he r n Kunar pr ovi nce.
POSTINDOZA
4 3 J &' , &%
34- 69-. A vi l l a ge be t we e n t h e Si ah Sang hi l l and t h e c i t y of
Kabul, 1/2 m i l e from t h e l a t t e r . I t is a smal l s t r a g g l i n g pl ace.
I n h a b i t a n t s : Ta j i ks . (I.B.C.)
POWI NDAH O r PAWI NDAH
4
Thi s name in t h e Deraj at is a p p l i e d t o all t h o s e mi gr at or y Pat han
t r i be s who come down t o Br i t i s h t e r i t o r y a t t h e begi nni ng of t h e
col d weat her , r e t ur ni ng, a s summer a p p r o a c h e s , t o t h e h i g h l a n d s of
Af ghani st an. The de r i va t i on of t h e term "Po wi ndah, " o r "Pawi ndah, "
is somewhat obs cur e. Bellew s a ys i t is de r i ve d from t h e Per s i an
"parwi nda" - a bal e of me r c ha ndi s e - whi ch s i g n i f i e s t h e i r occupa-
t i on a s packmen, mer cant i l e t r a ve l l e r s , etc. Raver t y is of opi ni on
t h a t t h e word is de r i ve d form t h e Per s i an ver b, pawi dan, t o wander ;
whi l e a c c or di ng t o " Paget and Mason" t h e t er m is pr obabl y from t h e
same r oot a s t h e Pus ht u word f o r " t o gr aze. " About 50, 000 o f t h e s e
t r a d e r s e n t e r t h e Dera Ismai l Khan d i s t r i c t e ve r y year by t h e Gumal
and adj oi ni ng p a s s e s be t we e n t h e 20t h o f Oct ober and t h e 1 5 t h o f
December, and r e t ur n be t we e n t h e 20t h of March and t h e 1 0 t h of May.
They may be c l a s s i f i e d a s f ol l ows :
Nasi r 15, 000
Mian Khel 7,000
Dotani 1, 000
Sul a iman 12, 000
Khar ot i 6, 500
Mi scel l aneous 8, 500
The l a s t a r e composed of d i f f e r e n t t r i b e s , s u c h a s t h e Mithi, Kundi,
Miani, Niazi, Mulla Khel, Michin Khel, Andari, Taraki , and o t h e r s .
Th e f ol l owi ng ge ne r a l d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e Powi ndahs is gi ve n i n t h e
s econd e di t i on o f t h i s Gazet eer :
"The Powi ndahs a r e pa s t or a l in t h e i r mode of l i f e . During the
autumn months t hey proceed down t h e Zhob passes, and, leaving their
f ami l i es t o gr a z e t h e s p a r e c a t t l e in t h e Derajat, a por t i on of the
t r i b e g o e s on wi t h g o o d s t o Delhi, Cawnpore, etc., and arranges so
a s t o be back about t h e commencement of March, when t h e cl ans again
pi ck up t h e i r f ami l i es and wor l dl y g o o d s and move up t h e passes to
t h e Ghazni and Kalat-i-G hi l zai d i s t r i c t s , s e ndi ng on caravans to
Kabul, Bokhara, Kandahar, and Her at ( t h e Khar ot i di vi si on carry on
most of t h e t r a d e wi t h t h e l a t t e r pl ace) , t h e whol e ret urni ng in
t i m e t o accompany t h e t r i b e down t h e p a s s e s agai n.
"To any one commonly fami l i ar wi t h t h e i nt e r na l di vi s i ons of Afghan-
i s t an, a gl a nc e a t t h e map of Cent r al Asia w i l l s u f f i c e t o convey a
j u s t not i on of e n t e r p r i s e t h e s e mer chant s have vol unt ari l y under-
t a ke n and s u c c e s s f u l l y accompl i s hed. They sell t o t h e luxurious
Muhammadan a t Del hi t h e dr i e d f r u i t s of Bokhara, and buy a t Calcutta
Engl i sh cal i co and muslin f o r t h e s o f t har ems of Herat and t he
s avage t r i b e s o f Tur ki st an; whi l e midway i n t h e i r pat h l i e t he
r u g g e d mount ai ns of Sulaiman, whos e s nows and t o r r e n t s a r e fri endl y
i n compar i son wi t h t h e unappeasabl e Waziris who l i ve amongst them,
and c a r r y on a ga i ns t t h e mer chant s war t o t h e kni f e , year a f t e r year
and gener at i on af ter gener at i on.
"To meet t h e oppos i t i on t h a t a wa i t s t hem a t t h i s pa r t of t he i r road,
t h e Powi ndahs a r e compel l ed t o move i n l a r g e bodi e s of from five
t hous and t o t e n t hous and, and r egul ar mar ches and encampments are
obs e r ve d, under an e l e c t e d Khan o r l e a de r , e xa c t l y l i k e any army
moving t hr ough an enemy' s country.
" A day' s march in t h e Waziri hi l l s sel dom p a s s e s wi t hout a skirmish
i n van or r ear , t h e c ut t i ng up of some s t r a g g l e r s , or t h e plundering
of some c a t t l e . Occasi onal l y t h e r e is a r egul ar pi t c he d bat t l e of
t h e most bl oody c ha r a c t e r , when any par t i cul ar e ve nt has occurred t o
e x a s p e r a t e t h e ha t r e d on bot h s i de s . The mer chant s have more than
once a t t e mpt e d t o come t o a compr omi se wi t h t h e i r enemies, and
a r r a nge f o r an unmol est ed pa s s a ge on payment of a f i xe d 'blackmail'
b u t t h e Wazi r i Counc i l h a s i nva r i a bl y and nemi ne d i s s e n t i e n t e ,
r e f u s e d t h e o f f e r of peace. ( Si nce t h e Waziristan Expedi t i on of
1894-95 t h e Powi ndahs, r el yi ng on t h e pr ot e c t i on of t h e Government
of I ndi a, have r el axed t h e i r ol d pr ecaut i ons , and now pas s t hrough
t h e Gumal in small pa r t i e s of 2 o r 3 men accompani ed by valuable
pr ope r t y and animals. W.R.R.)
"The c ons e que nc e is t h a t t h e Powi ndahs a r e a s much s ol di er s as
mer chant s. They a r e al ways heavi l y armed, even whi l e pasturing
t h e i r f l o c k s and h e r d s i n t h e Derajat, t h o u g h t h e y pay t h e ~ r i t i s h
Gove r nme nt t h e c ompl i me nt o f g o i n g unar med i n t o ~ n d i a . In
appear ance, wi t h t h e i r st or m- st ai ned Af g han c l ot hi ng, r e c kl e s s man-
ne r s , and boi s t e r ous voi ces , t h e y a r e t h e r u d e s t of t h e r ude; and
t hough t h e few individuals who me deemed suf f i ci ent t o conduct t he
car avans i nt o I ndi a show a cunni ng q u i t e commercial in t he i r mild
and q u i e t c onduc t , never t aki ng t h e l a w i nt o t h e i r own hands, and
al ways appeal i ng t o t h e j us t i c e of t h e magi s t r at es , ye t when united
i n l a r ge bodi e s , a s t h e y a r e t hr oughout t h e wi nt er and spr i ng, in
t h e pl ai n of t h e I ndus, t h e y ar e, or f ai n would be, ut t e r l y lawless,
and succumb onl y t o s upe r i or f or c e .
They pai d healry custom dues to
t h e Si kh a u t h o r i t i e s on t h e I ndus , becaus e t h e r e was no hel p for it,
a s t h e i r car avans would ot he r wi s e have been s e i z e d in t h e punjab;
b u t beyond t h a t t h e Si k h s never vent ur ed t o i n t e r f e r e with
t h o u g h t h e y commi t t ed all s o r t s of de pr e da t i ons on t h e l ands under
t h e s k i r t s of t h e hills. "
Edwardes says: I hardly ever s a w a Powindah who had M>t one Or
wounds on h i s body; and t h e l o s s of an e ye , br oken noses, scored
s k u l l s , l a me l e g s , a n d mu t i l a t e d a r ms a r e a l mo s t a s c ommona s
f r e c k l e s i n Engl and ."
The f ol l owi ng a c ount o f t h e Powi ndah t r i b e s , by Mr. H. St . G.
Tucker, a ppe a r e d i n t h e Dera I smai l Khan Se t t l e me nt Re por t publ i s he d
in 1883:
I1From t i m e immemorial, t h e Powi ndahs have t r a d e d be t we e n I ndi a and
Khorasan. They br i ng down l ong s t r i n g s o f camel s l a de n wi t h t h e
goods of Bokhar a and Kandahar, and c a r r y back i n e x c h a n g e t h e pr od-
uc t s of Hi ndust an and t h e ma nuf a c t ur e s of Wilayat. Many of t h e
poor er Powi ndahs, i ns t e a d of t r a di ng, e n g a g e in t h e l oc a l car r yi ng
t r a de of t h e Deraj at , whi l e o t h e r s s u b s i s t on t h e p r o f i t whi ch t h e y
der i ve from t h e i r f l o c k s and her ds. "
"The Powindahs may be roughl y di vi ded i nt o t h r e e classes:
"1st. Thos e who br i ng t h e i r f ami l i es and e s t a b l i s h t he ms e l ve s i n
f i xed campi ng- gr ounds known a s k i r i s (camp vi l l a ge s ) , a por t i on
perhaps going of f t o trade."
"2nd. Thos e who come down wi t h car avans ( ka f i l a s ) , b u t wi t hout
t hei r families, and who have no f i xed camping-ground s."
"3rd. Thos e who have no be l ongi ngs and come down a s l a bour e r s .
These l a t t e r a r e known by t h e name o f c ha r r a f ol k. They wander
about, sometimes in gangs, sometimes by t wos and t hr e e s , t hr ough t h e
t owns and vi l l a ge s of t h e Derajat. They a r e r e a dy f o r r ough work o f
any s o r t , s u c h a s s t o n e - b r e a k i n g , r oad- maki ng, c l e a r i ng j ungl e
(butimari), and any s o r t o f j ob whe r e e n e r g y and s t r e n g t h a r e mor e
n e c e s s a r y t h a n p r o f e s s i o n a l s k i l l . T h e y a r e i n d u s t r i o u s a nd
economical, s avi ng a l l t h a t t h e y ear n t o t a k e back wi t h t hem t o
Af ghani st an, and s u b s i s t i n g whi l e h e r e mainly on what t h e y gai n b y
beggi ng i n t h e e ve ni ng a f t e r t h e day' s work is over .
"The mass of t h e Powi ndahs e n t e r t h e d i s t r i c t by t h e Gumal pa s s .
Most of t h e t r a di ng Powi ndahs t a k e t h i s r out e ; b u t a c e r t a i n number,
mostly sheepowner s, pr e f e r t h e branch road t h a t goes by t h e Zam pas s
and d e b u c h e s a t Zarkani. The t o t a l number o f Po wi nda hs e nt e r i ng t h e
d i s t r i c t , a c c or di ng t o an enumer at i on made a t t h e mout hs of t h e
pa s s e s dur i ng t h e col d we a t he r o f 1877-78, amount ed t o 76,403. Of
t h e s e t h e d e t a i l s a r e a s f ol l ows :
Men 35,439
Women 9, 128
Chi l dr en; boys 25,422
g i r l s 6, 414
Tot a l 76,403
"The number of men gi ven is pr obabl y f a i r l y c or r e c t . The f i g u r e s f o r
women and c h i l d r e n a r e not s o r el i abl e. Anot her enumer at i on f o r 1879
gi ve s t h e number of f i g h t i n g men bel ongi ng t o k i r i s (i.e., t h o s e who
bri ng t h e i r f ami l i es) a s 14, 133. Allowing an a ve r a ge o f t wo women
and c hi l dr e n t o e a c h man, t h e t o t a l number o f ki r i f ol k s houl d b e
42,399. The number of t h e kaf i l a c ha r r a f ol k is gi ve n a t 15, 300
f i g h t i n g men, whi ch would r a i s e t h e t o t a l number t o 57, 699, o f whom
29,433 a r e f i g h t i n g men. In t h e col d we a t he r of 1880-81 it was f ound
t h a t 49,392 Powi ndahs e n t e r e d t h e d i s t r i c t of whom 32, 219 were
males. The number s o f t h e ki r i f ol k remain t ol e r a bl y c ons t a nt ; b u t
t h e number of c h a r r a s is l i abl e t o g r e a t f l uc t ua t i ons , s e a s o n s of
s c a r c i t y dr i vi ng down l a r g e number s o f men, who i n or di na r y ye a r s
remain a t t h e i r homes. The pe opl e of e a c h Po wi ndah k i r i have a f i x e d
camping gr ound of t h e i r own, whi ch t h e y s e e k a s s oon a s t h e y a r r i ve
in t h e pl ai ns and whe r e t h e y p i t c h t h e i r t e n t s f o r t h e s eas on. The
same campi ng gr ound is r e s o r t e d t o year a f t e r year , and t h o u g h a
k i r i may f o r s p e c i a l r e a s o n s move t o a new l o c a t i o n , y e t s u c h
c ha nge s a r e r ar e. The women, c hi l dr e n, and ar ms a r e l e f t i n t h e
ki r i . Two- t hi r ds o f t h e men a l s o ge ne r a l l y remain behi nd, while t he
r emai ni ng t h i r d g o o f f wi t h t h e l a d e n camel s and mer chandi se to
Hindustan. Although t h e Powindahs appr eci at e t h e railway and such as
wi s h t o b e e a r l y i n t h e ma r ke t u s e it l a r ge l y, t h e bul k of t hem
still ad h e r e t o t h e i r ol d pr a c t i c e , and t a k e t h e i r camel s t o Delhi,
Cawnpor e, Benar es and e ve n t o Patna."
" T h e r e a r e n o v e r y r e l i a b l e s t a t i s t i c s a s t o t h e e x t e n t of t h e
powi ndah t r a de . The f ol l owi ng f i g u r e s a r e t h e b e s t es t i mat e obtain-
a b l e o f t h e pr i nc i pa l a r t i c l e s o f i mpor t and e x por t :
I mpor t s:
R s .
F r u i t s , d r i e d a r d f r e s h 7, 00, 000
Madder 6, 00, 000
Raw s i l k 5, 00, 000
Wool 1, 50, 000
Cha r r a s ( an i n t o x i c a t i n g dr ug
e x t r a c t e d from hemp) 1, 02, 000
Hor ses 65,000
Hing ( a s a f o e t i d a ) 50,000
Tobacco 30,000
Tot a l I mpor t s 21,97,000
Expor t s :
I ndi go
Manufact ured c o t t o n goods
( Engl i s h)
Manufact ured c o t t o n goods
( c ount r y)
Tea
Shoes and l e a t h e r
S a l t
Sugar
Metal goods
Cr ocker y and ear t henwar e
Tot a l Expor t s 19, 07, 000
"The c e n t r e s of t h e Powi ndah t r a d e i n Khor asan a r e Bokhara, Kabul,
Kandahar, and G hazni . The f ol l owi ng a r e t h e pr i nc i pa l a r t i c l e s of
merchandi se broug h t from each:
Bo k ha r a : S i l k , c h a r r a s ; g o l d a nd s i l v e r t h r e a d (kal abat i n), and
f ur s .
Kabul: Almonds, p i s t a c h i o nut s , r a i s i ns , d r i e d f r u i t s , and wool
from t h e Kakar c ount r y.
Ghazni : Madder, wool, g hi , t obacco, and a s a f oe t i da .
"I mus t now g i v e a br i e f a c c ount o f t h e l e a di ng Powi ndah t r i bes .
" The s e a r e t h e Nasi r s, Sulaiman Khel s, Khar ot i s, Mian Khels and
Dot ani s; t r i b e s of less i mpor t a nc e a r e t h e Ni azi s, Mulla Khels,
Mi t hi s, Kundi s, Tar aki s, Tokhi s , and Andars."
"The Nas i r s a r e t h e l e a s t s e t t l e d of all t h e s e t r i be s ; t h e y have no
c o u n t r y o f t h e i r own. The y wi nt er i n t h e Der aj at and summer in t he
Ghi l zai count r y; t h e y pay Rs. 3, 000 (nandrami ) t o t h e Turan ~ h i l z a i s
f o r t h e r i g h t o f g r a z i n g i n t h e i r c o u n t r y . Th e Na s i r s l i ve
pr i nc i pa l l y by t h e i r h e r d s and f l o c k s . hey own a bout 33,000 camels
and some 1, 30, 000 s h e e p and goa t s , t h e i r weal t h c ons i s t i ng mainly i n
t h e i r h e r d s and f l o c k s ; t h e i r k i r i s a r e s c a t t e r e d al ong t h e ski rt s
o f t h e h i l l s from t h e Zarkani p a s s i n t h e Gumdl val l ey t o KOt Tagqa
below Chandwan. They probably number, with t he i r women and chi l dr en,
20,000. They a r e d i v i d e d i n t o a number of i mpor t a nt s e c t i o n s , b u t
t h e more popul ar di vi s i on of t h e Nasi r s is i n t o camel f ol k, ox and
a s s f ol k, and s h e e p f ol k. Of t h e camel f o l k , o r Ushwal s, t h e poor
ones come down f i r s t . They e n g a g e pr i nci pal l y a s c a r r i e r s , t a ki ng
goods t o and f r om Bannu. They br i ng salt from t h e Kohat mi nes,
Multani mat t i from t h e hi l l s , and gr a i n from Marwat. They a r e a l s o
much empl oyed i n c u t t i n g and s e l l i ng f uel . The wel l -t o-do men come
l at er , and ge ne r a l l y br i ng me r c ha ndi s e , g r a p e s , al monds, and madder .
The ki r i s of t h e camel f o l k a r e usual l y s i t u a t e d away from t h e
hi l l s, a t Saggu, Iriniman, Paniala, Pot ah, and i n t h e Kahi ri i l aqa.
The ox and a s s f o l k (Gai wal s and Kharwal s) own onl y oxe n and
donkeys. They a r e ge ne r a l l y e nga ge d i n doi ng j obs , c a r r yi ng e a r t h ,
br i c ks , etc., i n t h e t owns . They have no k i r i s o f t h e i r own. They
ar r i ve a t t h e e nd o f Se pt e mbe r , and r e t u r n about t h e begi nni ng of
April. The s h e e p f o l k ( Gos f andwal s ) a r r i ve dur i ng Oct ober , and
r e t ur n about t h e e nd o f April. They oc c upy t h e c ount r y al ong t h e
f o o t o f t h e h i l l s . Some o f t h e m e nc a mp a t Pani al a, b u t t h e s e
gener al l y t a k e t h e i r f l o c k s f o r p a r t o f t h e s e a s on i n t o t h e Bhakkar
Thal. The Nasi r s a r e f o r t h e mos t p a r t s h o r t , s t u r d y men. On t h e
whol e t h e y a r e a wel l - behaved t r i be , t h o u g h a little i ncl i ned t o b e
over bear i ng i n t h e i r t r e a t me nt of t h e vi l l a ge r s i n whos e nei ghbour -
hood t h e y encamp. Thei r c a t t l e n o t unf r e que nt l y t r e s p a s s on t o t h e
cul t i vat ed f i e l d s , and a t t e mp t s on t h e p a r t o f t h e p r o p r i e t o r s t o
s e i z e and i mpound t hem are somet i mes o p p o s e d by f or c e . They a r e a
r ough- and- r eady l o t , who would pr obabl y, b u t f o r t h e a d v e n t o f
Br i t i sh r ul e, ha ve t r e a t e d t h e Mian Khel s and o t h e r t r i b e s , who have
been e ne r va t e d by l ong r e s i d e n c e i n t h e pl ai ns , much a s t h e f or e -
f a t h e r s o f t h e s e l a t t e r t r e a t e d t h e Sur i s and t h e Pabbi s, dr i vi ng
them o u t and a ppr opr i a t i ng t h e i r l ands . (For f u r t h e r i nf or mat i on
r e ga r di ng t h e Nasi r s and o t h e r t r i b e s h e r e ment i oned, see unde r
t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e he a di ngs ) ."
"The Khar ot i s are a t r i b e oc c upyi ng t h e h i l l s near t h e s o u r c e s o f
t h e Gumal and t h e d i s t r i c t o f Ar ghun ( Ur gun) t o t h e west o f t h e
Sulaiman Khel count r y. They ge ne r a l l y a r r i ve i n t h e pl ai ns t o wa r d s
t h e end of November and d e p a r t i n May. They have s i x t e e n ki r i s .
Thes e a r e l oc a t e d near Tank, Mulazai, and Pahar pur . The y a r e a poor
t r i be, and have be e n near l y r ui ne d by a l ong and unequal c o n t e s t
wi t h t h e Sulaiman Khel s. Thi s f e u d , t h o u g h al l owed t o rest dur i ng
t he i r s t a y i n Hi ndust an, b r e a k s o u t a f r e s h a s s oon a s t h e y r e - e nt e r
t h e hi l l s ; t h o u g h a t t e mp t s have l a t t e r l y been made by t h e Deput y
Commissioner, wi t h some s u c c e s s , t o br i ng t h e t wo t r i b e s t o terms.
Most of t h e Khar ot i s e n g a g e a s l a bour e r s and c a r r i e r s l i k e t h e
Nasirs. A l a r g e pr opor t i on o f t hem a r e c ha r r a f ol k. Some a r e mer ch-
a nt s , and t r a d e i n d r i e d f r u i t s and madder . The Khar ot i s own f o u r or
f i ve thousand camels, which t he y bring down with them to t h e plains.
They l e a ve t h e i r f l o c k s i n t h e i r own count r y. "
"The Sulaiman Khel s a r e t h e mos t numer ous and powe r f ul o f a l l t h e
Powi ndahs, t h e name c ove r i ng n o t onl y t h e Sulaiman Khel s pr ope r , b u t
a number of al l i ed c l a ns a l l bel ongi ng t o t h e g r e a t Ghi l zai t r i be .
The Sulaiman Khel s oc c upy a g r e a t e x t e n t of c ount r y s t r e t c h i n g from
Pi shi n and Kalat-i-Ghilzai near l y a s f a r a s Jal al abad, t h o u g h mos t
of t hem who come down i nt o Br i t i s h t e r r i t o r y r e s i d e f o r t h e mos t
Par t in t h e hi l l s l yi ng e a s t of Ghazni. The number of t h e s e pr obabl y
a ve r a ge s a bout 12, 000. Most of t hem a r e c ha r r a f ol k, and t h e y own
a l t o g e t h e r o n l y a b o u t 4, 000 c a me l s . Th e y b r i n g b u t l i t t l e
mer chandi s e wi t h t hem, but g r e a t number s of t hem g o down c ount r y,
e s pe c i a l l y t o Cal cut t a, whe r e t h e y a c t a s go- bet weens , o r dal al s ,
buyi ng g o o d s from t h e me r c ha nt s t h e r e and s e l l i ng t hem t o t h e
Powi ndahs. They br i ng back t h e i r p r o f i t s f o r t h e mos t p a r t i n c a s h.
Thos e who s t o p i n t h e d i s t r i c t wor k a s l a bour e r s .
They generally
come and g o a bout a t t h e same t i m e as t h e Khar ot i s, b u t a few days
b e f o r e or a f t e r , on a c c ount of t h e f e u d a l r e a dy mentioned. ~h~
Sulaiman Khel s a r e f i n e , s t r o n g men. They have t h e charact er of
be i ng r a t h e r a set of r a s c a l s , t h o u g h on t h e whol e t h e y behave
t h e ms e l v e s ve r y f a i r l y whi l e i n Br i t i s h t e r r i t or y. They have ni ne
k i r i s l oc a t e d a t Amak h e l , Mulazai, and i n t h e nei g hbour hood of Tank
and Kul achi , b u t t h e popul a t i on a t t a c h e d t o t hem is not a t hi r d of
t h e whol e number o f Sulaiman Khel s who e n t e r t h e d i s t r i c t . One of
t h e s e ki r i s has now di sappear ed, t h e men belonging t o it having been
near l y al l ki l l ed in a f i g h t be t we e n t hem and our t r o o p s dur i ng t he
s ~ p p r e s s i o n o f t h e l a t e d i s t u r b a n c e i n Tank ( Januar y 1879).18
"The Mian Khel s are t h e r i c h e s t o f t h e Powi ndahs. Most of t h e
a bl e t r a d e wi t h Bokhar a is i n t h e i r hands . The i r k i r i s a r e si t uat ed
near Draband and Musazai, a t Kat Malana and Shal u, and in t h e Miran
i l aqa. The y have f o u r t e e n k i r i s i n all, and number about 4,500 men.
The y own f r om 4, 000 t o 5, 000 camel s. The y a r e c l os e l y r el at ed t o t he
pl ai n Mian Khel s. Duri ng t h e summer t h e i r k i r i s a r e s t at i oned in t he
h i l l s near Panah and Karabagh. The y ge ne r a l l y a r r i ve h e r e i n Novem-
b e r and l e a ve i n May."
"The Dot ani s i nha bi t t h e Wano val l ey and t h e c ount r y bet ween t he
Waziri h i l l s and t h e Gumal. The i r l a n d s a r e compar at i vel y f er t i l e,
gr owi ng rice and cereals. The y a r e on good terms wi t h t h e Waziris.
They a r e a smal l t r i b e number i ng onl y s ome 700 f i g h t i n g men. They
a r e wel l -t o-do, and c a r r y on a p r o f i t a b l e t r a d e wi t h Bokhara. They
br i ng down p o s t i n s , chakmas, and c ha r r a s . They have t h r e e kiris in
o u r t e r r i t o r y , n e a r Kat Malana a n d i n t h e Ka hi r i i l a qa . About a
t h i r d of t hem a r e ka f i l a f o l k and have no ki r i s . They own about
3, 500 camel s. They l e a ve t h e i r f l o c k s be hi nd i n t h e hi l l s . They come
and g o al ong wi t h t h e Mian Khel s, t h o u g h f or mi ng s e p a r a t e caravans."
"The Ni azi s number onl y some 400 men. The y have t h r e e ki r i s at
Mandra and i n t h e Kahi r i i l aqa. They t r a d e t o Kandahar, bri ngi ng
down d r i e d f r u i t s and madder . The y ha ve some 3, 000 camel s, but no
f l o c k s ."
"The Mianis a r e al l i ed t o t h e pl ai n Mianis of t h e Gumal valley, near
whom t h e y r e s i d e dur i ng t h e wi nt er . They number some 400 men. They
ha ve f our ki r i s , and own a bout 800 camel s and some 8, 000 s h e e p and
g o a t s . "
"The Mi t hi s a r e a n o t h e r smal l t r i be ; t h e y ha ve t h r e e ki r i s i n t he
Pahar pur i l aqa. They number some 300 men, and own about 1,250
camel s . "
"The Mulla Khel s, Kundi s, Zamranis, and Gur ani s a r e s m a l l t r i bes,
n o t r e qui r i ng s e p a r a t e ment i on, whos e k i r i s a r e s c a t t e r e d about t he
Pahar pur i l aqa. They number s ome 600 men i n al l , and own some 350
camel s. The Mul l a Khel s a l s o own some 3, 500 s heep. "
"The Tar aki s, Tokhi s , Andar s, and Daul at zai s a r e all Ghi l zai clans
oc c upyi ng t r a c t s near Ghazni and Kalat-i-Ghilzai. Thos e of them who
v i s i t t h l s d i s t r i c t a r e ka f i l a f ol k and l e a ve t h e i r f ami l i es behi nd*
Bet ween t hem t h e y number some 6, 000 f i g h t i n g men, and Own about
11, 000 camels."
"The d i f f e r e n t Powi ndah t r i b e s a r e eo-rletimes supposed t o come down
t o t h e pl a i ns i n r e gul a r o r d e r - Nasi r s, Sulaiman Khel s, Kharotis
and Mian Khel s -- and a t one t i m e t h i s may ha ve been t h e Case* There
is now, however , no f i x e d r ul e. Thi s ye a r (1878-791, --r i nst ance'
t h e Mian Khel s came f i r s t and t h e Nas i r s l ast . "
"The s t a t e me n t on n e x t pa ge s h o ws t h e number s of t h e di f f e r e nt
t r i b e s accompanyi ng and t h e c a t t l e owned by e a c h i n t abul ar form:
The f ol l owi ng r e p o r t by Mr. L. W. King, Deput y omm missioner^ ma j a t
on t h e Powi ndah f o r c e ( t or a h) whi ch as s embl ed i n t h e autumn of
wi t h t h e o b j e c t o f a t t a c k i n g t h e Wano Ahmadzai s and t h e Mahsuds,
f l l r ni s hes some i n t e r e s t i n g i n ormat i on:
"TO unde r s t a nd t h e r e l a t i ons be t we e n t h e t wo p a r t i e s t h a t ga ve rise
t o t h e t or a h it w i l l b e ne c e s s a r y t o g o back a little i n t h e h i s t o r y
of t h e t r i b e s c h i e f l y c onc e r ne d. In by- gone t i m e s t h e Wano Val l ey
was in p o s s e s s i o n of t h e Dot ani s, who were and a r e still unde r t h e
pr ot ect i on of t h e p o we r f u l Sulaiman Khel t r i be s . Some 50 ye a r s a g o
t he ~hmadzai s , who were t he n a nomad t ri be, moved from t he i r settle-
ment s i n Margha and Birmal t o Wano and obt ai ned a f o o t i n g i n t h e
valley, pa r t l y by f o r c e and pa r t l y by oc c upyi ng l and i n t h e c a pa c i t y
of mor t gages. In t h e c o u r s e o f t i m e al mos t t h e whol e val l ey had come
i nt o t h e i r hands . Some 30 ye a r s a g o t h e Dot ani s wi t h t h e ai d o f t h e
Sulaiman Khel s, who t he ms e l ve s cl ai med gr azi ng r i g h t i n Wano, made a
d e s p e r a t e a t t e mp t t o r e c ove r p o s s e s s i o n of t h e val l ey. A f i e r c e
f i g h t e ns ue d i n whi c h t h e i nva de r s were wor s t e d and l o s t heavi l y.
The s c e n e o f t h e f i g h t , ol d Dotani Kot, h a s be e n a r ui n e v e r s i nc e .
Af t er t h i s t h e r e was a c h r o n i c d i s p u t e be t we e n t h e Ahmadzai s on t h e
one hand and t h e Dot ani s and Sulaiman Khel s on t h e o t h e r , a bout t h e
pos s e s s i on o f l a nde d and gr a z i ng r i g h t s i n Wano. In t h e be gi nni ng o f
l a s t col d we a t he r a d i s p u t e a r o s e be t we e n t h e Ahmadzai s and Dot ani s
r e s pe c t i ng t h e r i g h t t o a c e r t a i n "kar ez" or wat er c o u r s e known a s
Mir Khan. In t h e f i g h t whi ch e ns ue d t h e Ahmadzai s ki l l ed a number of
Dotanis and de mol i s he d t h e i r f o r t i f i e d vi l l a ge (new Dot ani Kot) .
In c ons e que nc e o f t h i s t h e Dot ani s and Sulaiman Khel s de t e r mi ne d t o
make a j oi nt a t t a c k on t h e Ahmadzai s of Wano on t h e i r way back t o
t h e i r summer q u a r t e r s i n Khorasan. On r e c e i vi ng i nf or mat i on o f t h i s
t h e c i vi l a u t h o r i t i e s i n Dera I smai l Khan summoned a j i r ga of Sulai-
man Khel, Dotani and Ahmadzai Maliks wi t h a vi ew t o pr e ve nt i ng
r e pr i s a l s and br i ngi ng about , i f pos s i bl e , an ami cabl e a r r a nge me nt
bet ween t h e h o s t i l e t r i be s . The Ahmadzai s ul t i mat el y a g r e e d t o pay
blood-money o r compens at i on f o r t h e Dot ani s t h e y had ki l l ed and t o
r ebui l d t h e vi l l age t h e y had de mol i s he d. On r e c e i vi ng a s a t i s f a c t o r y
as s ur ance of t h i s t h e Dot ani s and Sulaiman Khel s pr omi sed t o r e f r a i n
from f u r t h e r hos t i l i t i e s . In t h e begi nni ng of l a s t h o t we a t he r ,
however , t h e Dot ani s were agai n a t t a c k e d by Ahmadzai s a t Tot oi on
t h e Toi, whe r e t h e y had ha l t e d on t h e i r r e t u r n t o t h e i r summer
quar t er s . In t h i s r ai d t h e Dot ani s l o s t s e ve n men ki l l ed and had 120
Cows l oot e d a s w e l l . The Dot ani s t h e r e u p o n de t e r mi ne d t o e x a c t
revenge f or t h i s unprovoked at t ack, and accordi ngl y appr oached t he i r
al l i es, t h e Sulaiman Khel s, wi t h a vi ew t o t h e i r t a ki ng j oi nt a c t i on
agai nst t h e Wanowals duri ng t h e cold weather.
"The Sulaiman Khel s not onl y a gr e e d t o s u p o r t t hem, but de t e r mi ne d
t o g e t up a coal i t i on o f a l l t h e Powi ndah t r i b e s f o r t h e pur pos e .
With t h i s e nd in vi ew t h e l e a di ng Sulaiman Khel Maliks, Muhammad
Akram Khan, Khan Khan, Kate Khan, Sul t an Muhammad and Al l ahyar Khan,
wi t h a small f ol l owi ng, a r r i ve d i n Shal gar in Se pt e mbe r l a s t and
summoned t h e Mian Khel Maliks t o meet t hem t h e r e . The Maliks Nawab
Khan, Sayyid Muhammad, Sh e r A l i , Yar Muhammad and At agul were s e n t
t o Shal gar t o r e p r e s e n t t h e Mian Khel t r i be . An a gr e e me nt was come
t o bet ween t h e t wo t r i b e s t o c o l l e c t a j oi nt t or a h a g a i n s t t h e
Mahsuds. The Mian Khel s de c l i ne d, however , t o j oi n i n an a t t a c k on
t h e Wano Ahmadzais, with whom t he y had concluded a t r eat y of peace.
It was s e t t l e d t h a t when t h e Mian Khel k i r i s were on t h e i r way t o
t h e pl ai ns ( t h e y g e t t i n g t h e l a s t of t h e Powi ndahs t o g o down) t h e y
would join f o r c e s wi t h t h e Sulaiman Khel s a g a i n s t t h e Mahsuds. The
Sulaiman Khel s t h e n s e n t a me s s a ge t o t h e Dot ani Maliks Ghulam
Haidar, Shahab-ud-di n, Ghulam Sadi q and Sad Rahmat, who a g r e e d on
behal f o f t h e t r i b e t o be in r e a d i n e s s t o j oi n t h e t or a h a t t h e
a ppoi nt e d t i me . Fi nal l y t h e Khar ot i Maliks, Zarif Khan, Roshan Khan,
Wali Khan and Azim Khan were summoned t o t h e meet i ng, and t h e y a l s o
a g r e e d t o j oi n i n t h e t or a h. The y howe ve r f i r s t made t h e Sulaiman
Khel Mal i ks s u b s c r i b e t o an o a t h t h a t t h e y would not a c c e p t a bribe
f r om
t h e Mahsuds t o settle t h e ma t t e r amicably. It was a t t he same
t i m e d e c i d e d by t h e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s of t h e f o u r l e a di ng t r i bes t hat
a l l t h e k u c h i (nomad Powi ndahs ) would a l s o j oi n t h e t or a h a t Warshak
on t h e i r way t o t h e pl ai ns. A l l t h e nomad Powi nda hs ( i ncl udi ng t hei r
f ami l i es) a c c o r d i n g t o t h i s a gr e e me nt were t o e n g a g e in t h e torah,
b u t onl y t h e f i g h t i n g men f r om t h e s e t t l e d s e c t i ons . I t a ppe a r s from
t h i s t h a t onl y t h e Sulaiman Khel s and Dot ani s were t o at t ack t he
Wanowals, b u t t h a t t h e whol e s t r e n g t h o f a l l t h e Powindah t r i bes
woul d be e x e r t e d a g a i n s t t h e Mahsuds, a t whos e h a n d s t h e y had suf-
f e r e d s e v e r e l y f r om t i m e t o t i m e .
"The t or a h c o l l e c t e d a t Warshak i n t h e mi ddl e o f Oct ober with t he
i nt e nt i on o f r avagi ng Wano and t h e n a t t a c k i n g t h e Mahsuds. The
a l l i e d army o f t h e Powi ndahs a dva nc e e d a s f a r a s Miran, wher e t he
Commi ssi oner ' s letter was r e c e i v e d i n whi c h h e warned t hem agai nst
commi t t i ng h o s t i l i t i e s a g a i n s t Wano, whi c h was unde r our pr ot ect i on
and would s h o r t l y b e oc c upi e d b y o u r t r o o p s . The a t t a c k on t h e Wano
Ahmadzais was accor di ngl y c he c ke d and t h e host i l e gat heri ng began to
br eak up. On t h e a r r i va l o f t h e Del i mi t at i on Es c or t , however, in
Wano a d e p u t a t i o n of Sulaiman Khel s, Dot ani and Kharot i Maliks
wai t ed on t h e Commi ssi oner and r e q u e s t e d h i s per mi ssi on t o invade
t h e Mahsud c ount r y. Th i s r e q u e s t was pe r e mpt or i l y r e f u s e d and t he
Maliks i n or med t h a t h o s t i l i t i e s be t we e n t h e A mi r ' s s u b j e c t s and t he
Wazi r i s who were unde r our p r o t e c t i o n coul d on no account be al-
l owed. The Maliks, t h o u g h n o t a l t o g e t h e r pl e a s e d a t t h e ill s ucces s
of t h e i r mi ssi on, a c c e p t e d t h e i ne vi t a bl e wi t h a good gr ace, and t he
t or a h s h o r t l y a f t e r wa r d s f i na l l y d i s p e r s e d .
"A j i r ga o f t h e l e a di ng Dar wesh Khel Mal i ks was s ubs e que nt l y con-
vened a t t h e r e q u e s t of t h e Dot ani s t o settle t h e i r l ong-st andi ng
d i s p u t e wi t h t h e Wano Ahmadzai s. Thi s j i r ga onl y t ook up t h e ques-
t i on of bl ood-money and d e c i d e d , wi t h t h e c o n s e n t of bot h par t i es,
t h a t a sum of R 400 s h o u l d b e pai d on t h i s a c c ount by t h e Wan0
Ahma dz a i s t o t h e Do t a n i s , vi z. , R 200 wi t h i n a mont h and t h e
r emai nder on t h e r e t u r n o f t h e l a t t e r t o t h e i r summer quar t er in
Khorasan. "
PRESUNGUL See PECH Jf W'JC
PRONTZGROM '&u
34- 70-. El e v a t i o n 8, 530 f e e t . A Ka f i r i s t a n v i l l a g e in t h e
Pr es ungul .
It is b u i l t i n a r u d e l y d e f e n s i v e i r r e gul a r l y oblong form
on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e r i ve r , and a bout 100 y a r d s from its margin.
I n ge ne r a l c o n s t r u c t i o n it r e s e mbl e s Sht evgr om. The back wall of
c o n t i g u o u s h o u s e s f or ms t h e w e s t wa l l of t h e vi l l age, whi l e on t he
e a s t t h e vi l l a ge w a l l is s e p a r a t e d f r om t h e dwe l l i ng hous e s by a
s l o p i n g bank c ove r e d wi t h l ong c o a r s e g r a s s . The i nt e r i or is packed
wi t h hous e s , t h e g r e a t e r p a r t of whi ch a r e unde r gr ound. The lanes
be t we e n t h e h o u s e s a r e e x c e e d i n g l y nar r ow. ( Rober t son. )
The stream
wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 34-52 71-9 A. (LWA)
PSHU Or PESHAWUR
P&
35-50 71-21 m. A f o r t vi l l a ge i n t h e Katir pa r t o f t h e ~ a s h g u l
(Kat i gal ) val l ey. I t has pr ove d t o o smel l f o r its i nhabi t ant s , and
i n 1891 a t hr e e - s i de d e n c l o s u r e of h o u s e s was bei ng a dde d t o its
east wa l l . It number s 150 hous e s . In s i e g e t i m e it can draw its
wat er s u p p l y from t h e l e f t bank of t h e Ba s hgul r i ve r , on t h e bri nk
of whi c h it s t a nds . From p s h u i t h e r e is a h o r s e t r a c k, it is sai d,
t o Dr us p i n t h e Lut kho val l ey. ( Rober t son. )
PTS IGROM Or PACHIGRAM
'A
35-45 71-12 m. I s t h e c h i e f s e t t l e me n t i n t h e Shor i gul , i n Kafi ri -
st an, and t h e f u r t h e r mo s t f r om t h e Ba s hgul val l ey. I n 1 8 9 1 t h e
vi l l age was bei ng b u i l t i n t h e us ua l obl ong d e f e n s i v e f or m of a
Kat i r v i l l a g e wh e n o n t h e p l a i n . I t is o n t h e l e f t b a n k o f t h e
Shor i gul r i ve r , and pr obabl y c o n t a i n s 60 h o u s e s o r more. ( Rober t -
son. )
* PUFDAM f 4
35-9 69-21 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d a bout 3 m i l e s n o r t h e a s t o f Reza
Kohest an, near t h e Koh-i-Sangriz i n Kapi sa pr ovi nce.
PUKH
iY
35-26 69-44 G. A vi l l a ge on t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e u p p e r Pa nj s hi r
st r eam, 3 m i l e s above Marz. Twel ve h o u s e s o f Taj i ks. One m i l e l o we r
down is Pashghur with 100 hous es of Tajiks. ( ~ h a h z a d a Taimus.)
PUL-I -CHARKH I
j r t &
34-33 69-21 A. A v i l l a g e o f 200 h o u s e s , wi t h a sar ai , 4 m i l e s n o r t h
of But khak, on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Kabul r i ver . I nha bi t a nt s :
Sohak, Ghi l zai s and Ta r a khe l Sh a h g h a s i s . The r i v e r u s e d t o b e c r o s -
s e d h e r e by a b r i d g e ; wooden pl at f or m on s t o n e p i e r s u n f i t f o r g u n s ,
but s ui t a bl e f o r caval r y. The a c t i o n o f t h e c u r r e n t , howe ve r , h a s
c u t away t h e al l uvi al s o i l on t h e r i g h t bank and t h e b r i d g e now
(1904) e n d s i n t h e ai r. Fo d d e r f o r a bout 4, 000 ani mal s and a bout 400
maunds o f ungr ound gr a i n may b e c o l l e c t e d i n nei g hbour hood. Fu e l is
pr ocur abl e and t h e r e is good gr ound f o r encampment . (I.B.C., J ohn-
s t on) Thi s vi l l a ge is now t h e site of Af gha ni s t a n' s maj or moder n
j ai l . (LWA)
PUL-I-FARING1 (&)&j &
34-54 67-40 G. A r u d e wooden f o o t - b r i d g e ove r t h e Bamian r i v e r , 9
1/4 miles above Kala Sar kar i . I t h a s r e p l a c e d o n e o f s t o n e s a i d t o
have been e r e c t e d d u r i n g t h e Br i t i s h oc c upa t i on o f 1839, and is
t h e r e f o r e known a s t h e Pul-i-Faringi. (Maitland .)
*PUL-I-RUSTAM +>A
35-34 71-19 m. A vi l l a ge l o c a t e d a bout 2 miles s o u t h o f Chapo on t h e
Kantoz Rud i n Kunar pr ovi nce.
PULWARI
A f o r t i n t h e Kunar v a l l e y , on t h e r i g h t bank. (Masson.)
PULWATA &'A
34-41 70-9. A vi l l a ge in Laghman s i t u a t e d on t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e
Al i shang r i v e r a bout 1 m i l e bel ow Ghanjawan. I nhabi t ant s : Taj i ks. I t
c ont a i ns a f o r t cal l ed t h e Kala-i-Uhdadar. ( War bur t on)
* PUNBAR Jbx
35-9 71-30 m. A vi l l a ge l o c a t e d s o u t h o f Narai and a bout 2 miles
s o u t h e a s t o f Shangah i n Kunar pr ovi nce.
*PUNGA 4
33-28 69-37 m. A v i l l a g e in t h e a hair asp an ar ea, s o u t h we s t o f
Zor kot and n o r t h west of Matun i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
WRAK Or WRAKH b
34-7 96-4. A g r o u p o f 1 7 f o r t s and haml et s i n t h e Logar val l ey, on
t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e r i v e r and 2 miles s o u t h o f t h e Tangi Waghjan.
Fodde r f o r 5, 000 ani mal s f o r one , d a y and a bout 600 maunds o f un-
gr ound gr ai n may be c ol l e c t e d from t h e s e vi l l ages. The following was
t h e popul at i on of Purak i n 1880:
Ast anazai Ghi l z a i s 175 f a mi l i e s
Nasi r 15 f a mi l i e s
Tokhi 6 f a mi l i e s
Tot a l 196
( Cl i f f or d, Euan Smi t h, Johnst on. )
PURDIL KHAN
ir L J JX
33-38 68-32 G. A vi l l age about 9 m i l e s n o r t h e a s t of Ghazni, on t he
road t h e n c e t o Kharwar. (I.B.C.)
*PURSHAKHEL &L:x
34-7 70-32 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d a f e w miles e a s t of Haska Mina and
near Lag hj ur i i n Nangarhar pr ovi nce.
PURSTAM Or WL-I -RUSTAM (+A)
35-34 71-19 m. I s one of t h e l o we s t Katir vi l l ages in t h e Bashgul
valley. It c ompr i s e s 40 hous e s , bui l t on t h e f a c e of a s t e e p rock,
i na c c e s s i bl e on e ve r y s i d e e x c e p t s t r a i g h t up t h e f ace. Although at
Purstam t h e ri ver widens considerably and t hr ows out a supplementary
st r eam, whi ch c ur ve s r ound t o wa r d s t h e l owe s t hous es , which are
bui l t c l o s e t o t h e wat er , it is y e t over s hadowed in t h e morning by
t h e h i g h c l i f f on t h e l e f t bank of t h e r i ver . Apart from t h e houses
on t h e r ock t h e r e is a gr oup of f our or f i ve hous e s down stream, a
c oupl e o f hundr ed ya r ds or so. The Purstam br i dge is j us t below.
Near it is a l a r g e c o l l e c t i o n o f " p s h a l s " wh i c h may r e a di l y be
mi st aken f o r a not he r vi l l age e s pe c i a l l y a s t h e r e a r e sever al small
temples among them. (Robert son. )
'PUSHAL
JL:s
35-26 70-20 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on t h e Nuri st an r i ver , opposi t e
J e s h p a l and some 5 m i l e s s o u t h we s t of A t a t i i n Laghman province.
PUSHKI GROM See PASHKIGROM
t 'J&
*PUSHTI Or PUSHTEY
ci;
32-58 69-13 m. A vi l l age near Sul t anai and about 5 miles nor t heast
of Urgun in Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
JL&L
PUSHT-I-HAJI KHAK
34-38 68-5. A p a s s over t h e main r i d g e of t h e Koh-i-Baba, sout h of
t h e Hajigak pass. I t is a better road t ha n e i t h e r t h a t of t h e Irak
but can onl y be t r a ve r s e d by car avans i n ~ u l y , August , and Septem-
ber . (wood.)
N.B. Thi s is e vi de nt l y t he Kafzar pass.
PUSHT-I -WAZ
j\,+
35-16 67-28 m. A vi l l age on t h e Dara-i-Murghan, nor t hwest of
Saig han i n Bamian pr ovi nce.
J' ,, "*
*WTWAL
33-4 68-14 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d about 1 mile nor t h of ~ u s t a mk h e l on
t h e Sar deh Rud and .gome 10 miles s o u t h of ~ u s h a k a i i n ~ h a z n i
pr ovi nce.
RABAT, AB-I
JJU
A st r eam of about 12 miles fl owi ng i n t o t h e Helmand.
-
-BAT
34- 69-. A vi l l age i n the Kohi st an of Kabul, bet ween Chai kal and
Karabagh. About 400 hous e s of Taj i ks, about 100 hous e s of Mishwani
Ghi l zai s, and a f ew of Hindu t r a de r s .
Water from t h e Char i kar canal.
~ u c h cul t i vat i on; wheat , c ot t on, etc.; no rice. (I.B.C.)
RABAT
atr
33- 68-. A vi l l aqe in t h e Shi l gha r d i s t r i c t of t h e Ghi l zai coun-
- -
try. I t cont ai ns about 150 hous e s i nhabi t ed by Taj i ks. The r e is a
pas s from Shi l ghar t o Kharwar, whi ch s t a r t s from t h i s vi l l age, and
is t he nc e known a s t h e Rabat Kotal. Se e llRobatll (1). (Broad foot . )
*RABAT
33-34 68-42 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d some 5 miles nor t he a s t of Ramak
and about 14 m i l e s e a s t of Ghazni in Ghazni pr ovi nce. Ot her pl a c e s
with t h i s name a r e l ocat ed some 5 m i l e s s out h of t h e above, a t 33-31
68-42 m.; about 6 m i l e s nor t hwe s t of Gar dez i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce, a t
33-38 69-10 m.; and a t 34-48 67-53 G., 34-59 68-51 G., 34-59 69-
10 G.
RAFAK Z INBARDAR
J' -54; d b~
35- 71-. A vi l l age in t h e Kunar val l ey, on t h e l e f t bank of t h e
r i ver a t t h e j unct i on of a l a r ge t r i but ar y of t h e Kunar cal l ed t h e
"Bash Ghalok," and 80 miles above Jalalabad. (Davies.)
RAGA I dJ
33-13 69-32 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed on t h e Tangai r i ver , some 8 m i l e s
sout hwest of Nadi r shahkot in Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
ktJ
*RAGHEH
32-57 69-22 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed s out h of Gian and e a s t of Urgun in
Paktia pr ovi nce.
RAH AN &'J
34-43 70-8 G. A v i l l a g e i n t h e Al i s ha ng va l l e y, 41 m i l e s f r om
Jalalabad. Suppl i e s and wat er pl ent i f ul . (1.B.C .)
u t J
*RAHESHT
34-55 69-6 m. A vi l l age near Kabuli, about 8 mi l es nor t h of I s t a l i f
in s out he r n Parwan pr ovi nce.
RAH-I -BAD1
UJL 4'J
A small vi l l age, in t h e west of t h e Besud d i s t r i c t on t h e Kabul-
Hazarajat main r oad, and s i t ua t e d in t h e I s f i Sang Tagao. (Twent y
houses) (Muhammad Akbar Khan.)
*F~AH-I-RAMA hrJ dJ
33-3 67-15 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed on a t r i but a r y of t h e Helmand, in
t h e ar ea of Baba i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
RAH- I -GOSFAND
d 4 t J
34- 69-. The name of a gor ge l eadi ng from Kabul, via t h e Koh
Daman, t o Chari kar. Thi s has been pr onounced by f a r t h e b e s t r out e
by Kinloch, who r econnoi t r ed i t in 1880, and f ound it pr act i cabl e
f or wheel ed ar t i l l er y. A t t h e p r e s e n t t i m e (1895) t h e main road is
bel i eved t o g o by t h e Khi r skhana Kotal. (Kinloch, I.B.C.)
RAH-I-MALIK
Said t o be a l a r ge va l l e y i n t he Hazara Yaghistan.
RAHI M KHAN i rkp)
34- 69-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e val l ey of t h e l owe r Logar (nort hern
di vi s i on) , c l o s e t o t h e Tangi Waghjan on t h e l e f t bank of t he
Logar. I n 1880 t h e pl a c e c ont a i ne d 1 0 f ami l i es, t h e inhabitants
bei ng a l l Taj i ks. ( Cl i f f or d, Euan Smith. )
RAH-I -REG 4 ~ 4 ' ~
Th e ni nt h hal t i ng- pl ace on t h e Kabul -Chahardar p a s s r out e t o Mazar-
i - Shar i f .
It is mer el y an o p e n Chaman on t h e l e f t bank of t h e stream
10 1/4 m i l e s n o r t h o f t h e pa s s . "Rah-i-Reg" is a ver y s t e e p foot-
p a t h l e a di ng w e s t , u p a s t o n y r avi ne. (Drummond.)
*RAH KOL Al so see RAQOL
& 4'J
RAH KOL & ('J
34-20 67-51 A. I n t h e Sar-i-Kol s u b d i s t r i c t o f Yakh Walang. ~t
c ont a i ns onl y 1 5 h o u s e s o f Dai Zangi s. (A.B.C.)
The val l ey d e s c e n d i n g s o u t h f r om t h e Jal mi sh Kotal. Recent sources
show t h e name Sac-i-Raqowl. (LWA)
RAH KOL
A v a l l e y i n t h e Besud Hazara count r y.
RAH KOL &('J
El evat i on 9, 800 f e e t . Two vi l l a ge s , and a s e r a i , on t h e r i g h t bank
of t h e s t r eam of t h e same name, j u s t e a s t o f whe r e t h e l a t t e r is
c r o s s e d by t h e main Kabul-Hazarajat-Daulat Yar r oad. A mountain with
t h i s name is l oc a t e d s o u t h o f Paghman a t 34-33 68-51 G. (LWA)
RAHMAK ( A ' J )LJ
A vi l l a ge 1 5 miles e a s t o f Ghazni . ( Thor nt on) Re c e nt maps show t he
name Ramak a t 33-31 68-37 A. (LWA)
RAHMAN BEG
A v i l l a g e i n t h e Dai Zangi count r y.
*RAHMAN KALAI $ FJ
32-30 67-40 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d be t we e n Sha hj oy and t h e Ab-i-
I s t a da i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
*RAHMAN KHEL & WJ
32-19 67-37 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d s o u t h we s t of t h e Ab-i-Istada and
n o r t h of t h e Bot a khe l a r e a i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
RAHMAN KHEL See KACHU
cL; WJ
RAHMATABAD
,&T W J
A vi l l a ge i n t h e Bur j i st an gl e n, a t r i but a r y of t h e Turkoman Dam
I t c ont a i ns a bout 1 0 f ami l i es of Hind us t ani s .
RAHMATABAD
d & L e J
34-19 69-6 m. A haml et i n t h e Logar val l ey, on t h e r i g h t bank of
t h e r i ve r and t o t h e n o r t h of t h e Tangi Waghjan. T h e i nhabi t ant s are
Taj i ks. In 1880 t h e pl a c e c ont a i ne d onl y 5 f ami l i es. ( Cl i f f or d, Euan
smi t h. )
RAIKHOSHI j+;U
34-1 69-2 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d i n t h e Logar val l ey, some 5 miles
s o u t h of Kolangar i n ~ o ~ a r pr ovi nce.
RAJA1
&'J
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge i n Laghman, a bout 5 miles n o r t h e a s t o f Badia-
bad. The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Ar oki s, and it c ont a i ns t h e f ol l owi ng
hamlets:
(1) ~ a l a - i - S h i g g i ( 3) Kal a- i - Shahi ( 5) Kala-i-Kukkur Mangai
(2) ~a l a - i - Kokhi ( 4) Kal a-i -Sakhra ( 6) Banda- i-Shahdad.
(Warburton. )
* RA JAN r j k ' r
34-14 69-27 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d e a s t of Sangdar-i -Ghar, on a
t r i but ar y o f t h e Kabul r i v e r i n Logar pr ovi nce.
RAKIAN See ROKIAN
RAKMAK
4 4
33- 68-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Shi l gha r d i s t r i c t o f t h e Ghi l zai coun-
try. I t c ont a i ns 150 h o u s e s i nha bi t e d by Taj i ks. (Broad f oot . )
RAMAK
&I.')
33-31 68-37 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d nor t h of Te nf e r and west of Ghazni
i n G hazni prov, i nce.
RAMA TALA
dL 4.\)
34- 68-. A t r i but a r y of t h e Helmand whi c h, r i s i ng i n t h e Sangl akh
r ange nor t h of t h e Unai p a s s , j oi ns t h e Helmand a bout 5 m i l e s nor t h-
e a s t of Jaokul . A r oad r uns u p t h e Rama Tala Tagao and c r o s s e s t h e
Sangl akh r a nge by t h e Baghar kot al . (Wanliss.)
RAMGUL J t ' J
35- 70-. Unde r s t ood t o b e t h e name a ppl i e d t o t h e main we s t e r n
valley of Kaf i r i st an, i nha bi t e d by t h e Ramgul br anch of t h e Kat i r s.
I t s r i ver a f t e r bei ng j oi ned by t h e Kulam from t h e l e f t is known a s
t h e Kao or Aligar.
The Ramgulis a r e r oughl y e s t i ma t e d a t 18, 000 s oul s , and t h e y a r e
sai d t o p o s s e s s 24 vi l l ages . ( Rober t son. ) A p a s s wi t h t h i s name is
l ocat ed a t 35-41 70-33 A., and a st r eam is l oc a t e d a t 35-6 70-18 G.
( LWA
RAMUZ
A s e c t i on of t h e Besud Hazar as.
RAM2 I &J
34-17 68-3 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e Dara-i-Jelga, a t t h e Maidan-Ghazni
bor der . Anot her pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y o f
t h e Dara-i-Garmab, i n s o u t h e r n Bamian pr ovi nce.
* RANDAKHEL
&L, dJ
34-13 69-23 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d n o r t h e a s t of Kolangar and s out h-
e a s t of Kabul i n Logar pr ovi nce.
RANGAR (A )&J
A vi l l age in t h e Ghor band val l ey, s i t u a t e d near t h e mout h o f t h e
Kipchak gl en. (Peacocke. ) Recent maps s how t h e name Rangan a t 35-0
68-49 m. (LWA)
RANGUL J L ' J
35-43 71- 22 G. A haml et i n t h e Bas hgul val l ey i n Kaf i r i st an, 4
miles above Bragamatal. (I.B.C.) The r e is a l s o a p a s s wi t h t h i s name
at 35-41 70-33, and a st r eam, a l s o s p e l l e d Ramgul, a t 35-6 70-18
Am ( LWA)
RAQOL &'J
A st r eam dr ai ni ng i nt o t h e Helmand, from t h e s out h, in Besud. A
vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 34-20 67-51 A.
* RAQOL rbi',
34-17 66-41 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e Nawa-i-Sagdiz, sout heast of
~ s g har at in we s t e r n Bamian pr ovi nce. Ot her pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name are
l oc a t e d near by a t 34-18 66-45 m.; a f e w m i l e s nor t h of Espighaw in
Bamian pr ovi nce, a t 34-5 66-55 m.; on a t r i but a r y of t h e Helmand in
Bamian pr ovi nce, a t 34-17 67-14 m.; a t t h e Band-i-Doab, sout hwest
of Behsud in Bamian pr ovi nce, a t 34-9 67-49 m.; on a t ri but ary of
t h e Maidan r i ver , nor t h of J al i z i n Maidan pr ovi nce, a t 34-34 68-42
m.; i n Sar dkoh ar ea, west o f Garmab i n Bamian pr ovi nce, a t 33-58 67-
20 m.; and in t h e Korala ar ea, nor t h of t h e Dasht-i-Nawer in Ghazni
pr ovi nce, a t 33-52 67-45 m.
RASANA &L(I
A p a s s l eadi ng t o t h e J a ghur i Hazara count r y. See "Ghazni." A vil-
l a g e wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 32-46 67-15 G. ( LWA)
*RASHAK
kJ
34-26 66-43 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a st r eam, some 8 miles north-
e a s t of As ghar at i n we s t e r n Bamian pr ovi nce. Ot her pl aces with t hi s
name are l oc a t e d near Dara-i-Mur, n o r t h e a s t of Panjao in Bamian
pr ovi nce, a t 34-27 67-6 m.; some 8 m i l e s s out h of Behsud in Maidan
pr ovi nce, a t 34-15 67-54 m.; on a t r i but a r y of t h e Helmand, north
of Behsud in Maidan pr ovi nce, a t 34-31 67-53 m.; on a t r i but ar y of
t h e Bamian r i ver , some 8 m i l e s s out h- s out hwe s t of Bamian in Bamian
pr ovi nce, a t 34-44 67-48 m.
* REGAK
&J
34-31 68-14 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Helmand,
s o u t h e a s t of Si asang in Maidan pr ovi nce.
REGAK ,a
35- 69-. A p a s s i n t h e Hindu Kush about 4 m i l e s s out h of t he
Khawak pass. I t is c l os e d by snow dur i ng pa r t of t h e year but as
l ong a s it is open t h e s h o r t e s t r out e a s a l s o t h e b e s t f or laden
animals, from Dasht-i-Rewat t o t h e Khawak p a s s lies up t h e Sar-i-
Lang r avi ne, over t h e Regak p a s s a t its he a d, and t he n nor t hwar ds to
t h e Khawak. (I.B.C.)
REGAN See ROGUN
6
3 J
REG- I -RAWAN " 'JJ&
A hi l l 40 m i l e s nor t h of Kabul, whi ch i s t h u s de s c r i be d by Burnes:
"Two r i d g e s of hi l l s , de t a c he d from t h e r e s t , r un i n and meet each
ot he r ; a t t h e a pe x of t h i s a s h e e t of s and, a s pur e a s t h a t on t he
sea- shor e, wi t h a s l o p e of about 40, f or ms t h e f a c e of a hi l l t o i t s
summit, whi ch i s about 400 f e e t hi gh. When t h i s sand i s s e t in
motion by a body of pe opl e w ho s l i d e down it, a sound is emi t t ed. On
t h e f i r s t t r i a l w e d i s t i n c t l y hear d t wo l oud hollow s ounds such as
would be gi ve n by a l a r g e drum. on t wo s ubs e que nt a t t e mpt s w e heard
not hi ng, SO t h a t p e r h a p s t h e sand r e q u i r e s t o be f or a time set t l ed
b e f o r e t h e c ur i os i t y is di s pl a ye d. The r e is an e c ho in t h e place,
and t h e i nhabi t ant s have a bel i ef t h a t t h e s ounds a r e only heard on
Fr i day when t h e s a i nt of ~ e g - i - ~ a wa n , who is i nt er r ed hard by,
Per mi t s! The l ocal i t y of t h e sand is r emar kabl e, t h e r e being none
o t h e r in t h e ne i ghbour hood. Reg-i-Rawan f a c e s t h e s o u t h , but t h e
wind o f Parwan (Bad-i-Parwan) bl ows f r om t h e nor t h f o r t h e g r e a t e r
pa r t of t h e year , and h a s pr obabl y d e p o s i t e d it by an e ddy. Such is
t h e vi ol ence o f t h i s wind t h a t a l l t h e trees i n t h e nei g hbour hood
bend t o t h e s o u t h , and a f i e l d , a f t e r a f e w year s , r e q u i r e s t o b e
cl ear ed of t h e pe bbl e s and s t o n e s whi ch t h e l o s s o f s o i l l a ys bar e.
The mount ai ns h e r e a r e ge ne r a l l y compos ed of gr a ni t e o r mica, b u t a t
~eg- i - Rawan w e had s a nds t one , l i m e , s l a t e , and qua r t z .
"~eg- i - Rawan is s e e n from a g r e a t di s t a nc e , and t h e s i t ua t i on o f t h e
sand is s o c u r i o u s t h a t it mi g h t al mos t b e i magi ned t h e hi l l had
been c u t i n t wo, and t h a t it had g u s h e d f o r t h a s from a sand- bag,
t hough t h e wind c oul d have b r o u g h t it t o g e t h e r . Convul s i ons o f
nat ur e, however , a r e e x c e e d i n g l y common i n t h i s p a r t of t h e world."
(Burnes .
N.B. The r e is a n o t h e r "Reg-i-Rawan" in t h e Her at pr ovi nc e -- see
Volume 3.
REG J OY cc)+&
33-15 67-23 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d near Almaitu, s o u t h we s t o f t h e
Dasht-i-Nawer i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
REHAN
A v i l l a g e i n Laghman. I nha bi t a nt s : Sa f i s . (Warburton. )
*RIGA
34-5 67-22 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Helmand, 2
miles s out h o f Sewak i n Bamian pr ovi nce.
RI KA h
A pe opl e f ound in Kabul, Jal al abad and Laghman. In Kabul c i t y t h e y
have a qua r t e r cal l ed t h e Ri kakhana, near t h e Lahor i g a t e and t h e y
a r e sai d t o number 1, 000 f ami l i es i n t h e capi t al , and in t h e vil-
l a ge s i n its nei g hbour hood.
Thei r headman, Sul t an Aziz, was hanged a t Kabul f o r t h e p a r t t a ke n
by him in t h e mas s acr e o f Si r Loui s Cavagnar i and h i s compani ons and
e s c o r t in Se pt e mbe r 1879. (I.B.C.)
Jenkyns says:
"Very f e w r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s of t h i s t r i b e a r e now f ound i n Jal al abad.
Ther e a r e not , pr obabl y, more t ha n t we nt y p e r s o n s i n t h i s d i s t r i c t ,
but in Kabul t h e y a r e s ai d t o number 2,000 f ami l i es.
"By or i gi n t h e y a r e Kur ds, and were br oug h t from Kur di st an by Taimur
Lang, a t t h e same t i m e a s t h e Arabs were i nt r oduc e d. The vi l l a ge s
wher e t h e y a r e f ound a r e Kala-i-Charbag h, Bahrabad, Bak ht an, Shamsa-
Pur, and Gi r di kach.
"The Ri kas a r e di vi de d i nt o f o u r c l a s s e s , viz.:
1. Murkri 2. Boumri 3. Moghadam 4. Ardalani.
"Of t h e s e onl y t h e Mukri s a r e r e p r e s e n t e d in Jal al abad.
"They ar e Sunni Muhammadans."
RI KA 4,
34- 69-. A v i l l a g e i n t h e Kabul d i s t r i c t b e t we e n S h e wa k i a nd
Bagrami, on t h e l e f t bank o f t h e Logar r i ver . (I.B.C.)
I3I KABASHI &&+%
34- 69-. A f o r t 1 m i l e s out h o f Bemaru, and about 3/4 m i l e from
t h e s o u t h e a s t bas t i on of She r pur . Thi s pl ace was d e s t r o y e d i n
December 1879 by t h e Br i t i s h. (I.B.C.)
R I KAGAN "as,
34-32 70-15. A vi l l a ge i n Laghman, c ont a i ni ng t h r e e haml et s, sit-
ua t e d be t we e n Mandrawar and t h e J unc t i on o f t h e Alingar and Kabul
r i ve r s . The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Ri kas and t h e Mian Khel. The following
a r e t h e f o r t s and haml et s be l ongi ng t o t h e pl ace:
(1) Kala-i-Baluchabad ( 2) Kala-i-Abdul Rahman
( 3) Banda-i-Baz Gul. (Warburton. )
RISHKHOR-I-BALA yb A,
34-26 69-8 A. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Cha r de h val l ey of Kabul, on t he
r i g h t bank of t h e r i ve r , a bout 8 m i l e s s o u t h we s t of t h e ci t y, and
s e p a r a t e d f r om t h e Char as i a pl ai n by an o f f - s h o o t from t h e Takht-i-
Shah mountain. ~ n h a b i t a n t s : Tok h i G hi l zai s . (I.B.C.)
RISHKHOR-I-PAIN *' h A++
34- 69-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Cha r de h val l ey of Kabul, about 12 miles
nor t h o f Ri shkhor-i -Bal a, and 1 m i l e s o u t h o f Kala-i-Pathu. I t is
s e p a r a t e d f r om Ri shkhor-i -Bal a by a s p u r of no g r e a t he i ght . Inhabi-
t a nt s : Taj i ks , Ki zi l bas hi s and Bar akzai s, e a c h o f w hom have a f or t
o f t h e i r own. Th e r e is s a i d t o b e a s t o n e b r i d g e over t h e Kabul
r i ve r be t we e n t h e t wo Ri shkhar vi l l a ge s . (I.B.C.)
*RIWA 'W
35-4 68-57 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e Jar-i-Namakao, a t ri but ary
of t h e Ghorband i n Laghman province.
*RIWKAK d m
34-3 67-6 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d i n t h e Waras ar ea, s out hwe s t of
Pi t a oqol i n Bamian pr ovi nce.
ROBA
A p a s s ove r t h e Gul koh Range, be t we e n Ghazni and t h e valley of
J a r ma t u. I t is s i mi l a r i n i t s c h a r a c t e r a nd a p p e a r a n c e t o t h e
Gal bauri p a s s ove r t h e same r ange. (Broad f oot . )
*ROBAT A 1 s o See RABAT
ROBAT
Lb
33- 68-. A dr a i na ge of s o u t h we s t e r n Kharwar, from t h e s l ope s of
t h e Koh-i-Robat, Koh-i-Sar, and Koh-i-Gurbed, f or ms a wi de valley
i n t o whi c h a number o f s i d e r a vi ne s o p e n from bot h s i de s . A t t he
head o f t h e val l ey t h r e e r o u t e s l e a d i n t o Shi l g har; t h e y are:
(1) From Gu r b e d t o Roba t , see " Gur be d; " ( 2 ) a nd (3) ~ o t a l - i -
Sat ar nai and Kotal-i-Arda, bot h pa s s a bl e f o r h o r s e s and ver y similar
t o t h e Gur bed. ( Gr i esbach. ) A vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is l ocat ed at
33-34 68-42 m. (LWA)
ROBAT
Lb
34- 69-. A c ol l e c t i on of vi l l a ge s , s o u t h e a s t of Char i kar , contain-
i ng 2,000 Tajik f ami l i es. ( Nat i ve i n ormation. )
ROBAT See ZAK
J4,
G' J~
RODAT
34-15 70-34. Rodat is a wol eswal i i n Nangar har pr ovi nce. The wales-
wali c ompr i s e s an a r e a o f 661 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s and has an agricul-
t ur a l popul at i on t h a t ha s be e n e s t i ma t e d a t from 33,180 t o 34,41*
The wol eswal i is bounded i n t h e nor t h by Sur kh ~ u d , and Kama, i n the
e a s t by Bat i Kot and Shi nwar , in t h e s o u t h Achin and Deh Bala and in
t h e west by Pa r c hi r Agam and Chapar har . Rodat ha s about 49 vi l l a ge s ,
13 of whi ch have more t h a n 500 i nhabi t ant s . The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d
in t h e PG a s f ol l ows: Kan-i-Mohmand, Hesar-i -Shahi , Bazar, Cha c hi
Qal a, Qala-i-Miran, Ch a g h a r i , Qal a- i - Mur j i , Koza Qala, Qarya-i -
Diwan, Qarya-i -Zak h e l , Za r ba c ha , Bar bal u, Banda, Zeno, Kamar,
~ o g h a n i ( Rog h a l i ) , Qar ya- i - Sar e Pay ( Se h Pa y) , Mazi na ( Na r t a ) ,
Sangar ( Sangar Ber o) , Metrani, Dushah, Gazwabi (Gazwani ), Maduh,
Banduk, Hi ndr ani Ulya, Hi ndr ani Suf l a, Lag har Joy, Faruk h s h a h Khel ,
Sayed Ahmad Khel, Ter i l i (Karili) , Kand i gan, Zango Kach, Qala-i-
Jaba, Hai dar Khe l , Sa a da t ma nd ( Qar a- i - Saadat ) , Qala-i-Ata Khan
( Changi r a) , Khatwanai, Manzanai, Kheder Khali, Hesar ak, Koz Balu,
Kadai, Sha ye s t a Khel, Taw u s Khel, Anar Khel, Qarya-i-Dawani, Bara
Khel, Tat ang , Katrag hi , Qa waif Qarya-i-Nadar, Qara-i-Shahed-Khel,
Qala-i-Jaber, Si paya, Par s ha Khel, Spol a, Kadra, Akhundzada, Kamba-
l o, and Kaihan.
* ROGHAN I &J
34-14 70-32 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Kabul r i ve r ,
about 3 miles s o u t h we s t of Sha hi Kot i n Nangar har pr ovi nce.
ROGHANI GARDAN 0 J$&J
34-38 66-43 G. El evat i on 11, 700 f e e t . A p a s s l e a di ng ove r t h e Band-
i-Amir--Hari Rud wa t e r s he d, and c r o s s e d by a r oad l e a di ng from Sar-
i - Jangal t o Yakh Wal ang. From Khwaj a J o s h , a v i l l a g e i n Sar - i -
Jangal, t h e r oad a s c e n d s t h e main val l ey ( cal l ed Garmao above t h i s
vi l l age) and t h e n , a c c or di ng t o Maitland, who t r a ve r s e d t h i s r o u t e
in Oct ober 1885, p a s s e s t h e r o c k y mout h of t h e Dahan-i-Surkh Guli,
and a f t e r t h r e e q u a r t e r s of a m i l e r e a c h e s Kohna Deh.
Here is a smal l r u d e f o r t , s ur r ounde d by t h e h u t s of a Hazara
vi l l age. I t is s i t u a t e d a t t h e e nd of a low pr oj e c t i on from t h e
hi l l s on t h e nor t h s i d e of t h e val l ey, and ha s a d e t a c h e d t o we r
over l ooki ng t h e st r eam. I t is t h e r e s i d e n c e of Kasim A l i Beg, Chi e f
of Garmao. A little beyond Kohna Deh, and on t h e o p p o s i t e ( s out h)
s i d e of t h e val l ey, is t h e mouth of t h e Takht a gl en.
From Kohna Deh t h e r oad r u n s al ong unde r t h e hi l l s on t h e nor t h s i d e
of t h e val l ey whi ch is 200 t o 150 y a r d s wi de. The r e is a l i t t l e
cul t i vat i on and a good d e a l of wi l l ow-scrub. The hi l l s on t h e nor t h
a r e s t e e p and hi gh. On t h e o t h e r s i d e , t h e hi l l s i mmedi at el y abut -
t i ng on t h e val l ey a r e e a s i e r , bei ng s p u r s o f h i g h e r hi l l s be hi nd.
The road is narrow i n pl a c e s , whe r e t h e st r eam c u t s i n, t o r a t h e r
over 1 m i l e , b u t mi ght e a s i l y be wi dened. A pa t h, s e e n a s c e ndi ng t h e
hi l l s on t h e s o u t h , was s ai d t o g o t o Shahar i s t an.
ROGUN Or ROJAN, REGAN
("6, I"%
34- 69-. A Ghi l zai vi l l age on t h e r oad from Bel ut t o Khurd Kabul,
about 1 5 m i l e s from t h e l a t t e r pl ace. (I.B.C.)
ROJAN See ROGUN
ROKIAN or RAKIAN, RUQYAN J J i J
33-59 69-40 m. A vi l l a ge in t h e Kurram val l ey, 4 m i l e s from A l i
Khel, and 165 miles from Kohat on t h e road t o ~ h a z n i . The val l ey
he r e nar r ows t o 1/2 m i l e , wi t h pr e c i pi t ous commanding pe a ks upon
each s i de , cl ad wi t h pi ne f o r e s t s . I t c ont a i ns a bout 30 hous e s , and
c o n s i s t s o f many s c a t t e r e d h o u s e s s ur r ounde d by a f e w f r u i t t r e e s
and c or nf i e l ds . The main por t i on is s i t ua t e d a t t h e e nt r a nc e of t h e
Hazar dar akht d e f i l e , and is over hung by t h e a b r u p t s h o u l d e r of a
t ower i ng r oc ky s p u r of t h e Sa f e d Koh. Honey is pr oduc e d h e r e i n
abundance, al most e ve r y hous e p o s s e s s i n g its bee- hi ves. (Lumsden,
Be l l e w. )
ROSHAN
A s mal l s e c t i o n of t h e Chahar Dast a Hazar as.
*ROSHANA &LU
33-12 69-42 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d s o u t h we s t o f Tani and sout h of
Nadi r s hah k o t i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
ROSHAN BEG
A s e c t i o n of t h e Dai Kundi Hazar as.
ROZA O r RAWDZA GD
33-35 68-27 m.
A vi l l a ge a bout 2 miles n o r t h e a s t o f Ghazni situated
among t h e r u i n s o f t h e ol d c i t y, d e s t r o y e d i n t h e mi ddl e of t he
t we l f t h c e n t u r y by t h e Pr i nc e of Ghor . Amid st t h e de s t r uc t i on which
ove r t ook near l y a l l b e s i d e s , t h e c onque r or s p a r e d t h e tomb of t he
renowned Mahmud of Ghazni.
Thi s h a s be e n s u f f e r e d t o d wi n d l e away i n t o r ui ns , and broken
f i g u r e s of marbl e l i ons , wi t h o t h e r f r a gme nt s , al ong a t t e s t t he
f or mer beaut y of its c o u r t s and f ount a i ns .
The tomb is a r u d e and humbl e s t r u c t u r e , c ons i s t i ng of an oblong
chamber , 36 f e e t l ong and 1 8 wi de, wi t h a mud cupol a. The grave
s t o n e is of marbl e, c o v e r e d wi t h i n s c r i p t i o n s and hi ghl y pol i shed,
t h e r e s u l t o f bei ng ha ndl e d by numer ous v i s i t o r s dur i ng several
c e nt ur i e s . The i n t e r i o r is hung wi t h l a r g e os t r i c h- e ggs , peacock-
f e a t h e r s f a n d other t r umper y. Th e a pa r t me nt i n whi ch r e p o s e t h e r el i cs
of t h e " mi ght y vi c t or " was, pr e vi ous l y t o t h e Br i t i s h invasion,
c l o s e d by t h e g a t e s whi ch it is be l i e ve d h e t r i umphant l y removed
from t h e t e mpl e of Somnat h i n Guzer at . Th e s e g a t e s a r e of sandal-
wood, 1 8 f e e t h i g h , e a c h 5 f e e t br oad and 3 i n c h e s t hi c k, very
be a ut i f ul l y c a r ve d i n t a s t e f u l a r a be s que s . As Mahmud is sai d t o have
r emoved t h e s e g a t e s i n 1024, t h e y mus t , in t h i s vi ew, be nearly 900
ye a r s ol d, y e t t h e y a r e still i n p e r f e c t pr e s e r va t i on. In 1842, when
t h e Br i t i s h, unde r Gener al Not t , di s mant l ed Gazni, t h e y car r i ed of f
t h e s e g a t e s , wi t h t h e vi ew o f r e s t o r i n g t hem t o t h e i r or i gi nal place
i n t h e t e mpl e i n Guzer at . ( I t is now a c knowl e dge d t h a t t h e y ar e not
t h e g a t e s o f Somnat h. They may be s e e n i n t h e For t a t Agra.) The
mace a s s e r t e d t o be t h a t o f " t h e de s t r oye r , " t h e name under which
Mahmud is f ami l i ar l y d e s i g n a t e d i n or i e nt a l h i s t o r y and t r adi t i on,
h a s be e n usual l y e x h i b i t e d by t h e p r i e s t who o f f i c i a t e s a t hi s tomb,
and it is, a s mi ght be e x p e c t e d o f o n e a s s i g n e d t o t h e us e of so
mi ght y a her o, t o o ponde r ous t o be wi el ded by any of t h e pr esent
r a c e o f men.
Pr e vi ous t o t h e c a p t u r e o f t h e pl ace by t h e ~ r i t i s h , it had been
r emoved s o t h a t it mi ght not f a l l i n t o t h e i r hands. The bui l di ng is
e nvi r one d wi t h l uxur i a nt g a r d e n s and or c ha r d sf wat er ed by an aque-
d u c t d i s c h a r g i n g an a bunda nt s u p p l y of f i n e wat er ; and t h i s del i ght -
f u l s ubur b is he nc e denomi nat ed r oza, or t h e gar den. The houses of
t h e vi l l age have an a n t i q u e a ppe a r a nc e .
The r ui ns of t h e ol d c i t y c o n s i s t of a v a s t e x t e n t of s hapel es s
mounds. The onl y r emai ns of its f or mer s p l e n d o u r a r e t wo minaretsf
400 y a r d s a pa r t , whi ch a r e s a i d t o mark t h e limits of t h e bazar of
t h e a nc i e nt c i t y. They a r e of br i c k, above 100 f e e t hi gh and 12 in
d iarneter .
The y a r e usual l y a s c r i be d t o Sul t an Mahmud. They ar e, however, due
t o t h e pe r i od when Cu f i c c h a r a c t e r s were i n us e, f o r t h e br i cks q f
whi c h t h e y a r e c o n s t r u c t e d a r e s o d i s p o s e d a s t o r e p r e s e n t Cuflc
i n s c r i p t i o n s and s e nt e nc e s . One of t hem ha s a wi ndi ng st ai r cage
wi t hi n, and i nc l i ne s c ons i de r a bl y ove r its base. That bui l di ngs so
easily de mol i s he d s houl d have be e n s p a r e d i n t h e de s t r uc t i on of t he
old c i t y by t h e Pr i nce of Ghor , may p e r h a p s ha ve r e s u l t e d from some
r el i gi ous f e e l i ng wi t h whi ch t h e y were a s s oc i a t e d. (Thornt on. )
ROZABAD O r KALA-I-ARSALA KHAN
,&TA
34-24 70-16 G. A vi l l a ge 12 1/2 m i l e s from Jal al abad, on t h e r oad
t o Gandamak. The r e was a Br i t i s h de t a c hme nt of var yi ng compos i t i on
a t t h i s pl ace i n t h e campai gn of 1879-80, and a commi ssar i at d e p o t
in t h e f o r t and pl e a s ur e ga r de n, 7/8 m i l e nor t h o f t h e h i g h r oad.
Thes e l a t t e r were c o n s t r u c t e d by t h e Ghi l zai Chi e f Arsala Khan o u t
of t h e p r o f i t s made by him from t h e c o n t r a c t f o r bui l di ng t h e f o r t
a t Dakka. The f o r t was d e s t r o y e d by t h e p r e s e n t Amir i n 1885; H i s
Hi ghnes s obj e c t i ng t o l e a ve s t a ndi ng a f o r t bel ongi ng t o a pe r s on
who was t h e o b j e c t o f h i s di s l i ke . (I.B.C.)
ROZANAI
U ~ J
A r i d g e l yi ng t o t h e w e s t of t h e Tur kani Nawa pl ai n i n t h e Ghi l zai
count r y, di vi di ng it from Sarmargha. I t is a bout 1, 000 f e e t above
t h e pl ai n, but not ve r y s t e e p and i nhabi t ed by Muhammadzai Tokhi
G hi l zai s. (Broad f oot . )
*RUDAKAI J-9,
31-44 68-47 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d 2 miles n o r t h we s t o f Mariani i n
Ghazni pr ovi nce.
*RUDBAR A J j ~
34-44 69-50 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e Wuzbin Khwar, some 12 miles
nor t he a s t of Sar obi i n Kabul pr ovi nce.
RUD- I +J
Pl aces and r i v e r s t h e names o f whi ch be gi n wi t h t h e word Rud f ol -
l owed by t h e Per si an i z a f a t , a r e d e s c r i b e d unde r t h e s e c ond word o f
t h e i r de s i gna t i ons .
RUKA Or ROKHEH
(&J ) JjJ
35-16 69-28 A. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Panj s hi r val l ey, a bout 2 m i l e s
below Bazarak. The r e is a f o r c e of 150 kha s a da r s s t a t i one d he r e .
Kafilas goi ng from Kabul over t h e Khawak p a s s usual l y make t h i s
t he i r 5t h s t a ge . (I.B.C.)
RUSTAM
A s e c t i on of t he Dai Zangi Hazaras.
RUSTAM KHEL * P J
34-27 68-46 G. A vi l l age 25 m i l e s west of Kabul, on t h e ~ a mi a n r oad
e a s t of t h e I s pha k pas s . The r e is a smal l d i s t r i c t a t t a c h e d t o it on
t h e Kabul r i ve r , t h e val l ey of whi ch is h e r e not more t ha n 12 m i l e s
in wi dt h, b u t it is f i ne l y wat er ed, and a c ons i de r a bl y por t i on o f
its s u r f a c e is u n d e r c u l t i v a t i o n . A l i t t l e rice is r a i s e d , b u t
barl ey and wheat a r e t h e pr i nc i pa l c r o p s . No wood is f ound on t h e
hi l l s , but g r a s s is pl e nt i f ul . The pr oduc e amount s t o 2,100 khar -
wars. The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Sunni Af ghans , b u t it is not c l e a r t o
what cl an t h e y bel ong. (Wood.)
*RUSTAM KHEL J P ~ J
33-3 68-13 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d near Put wal in t h e val l ey o f t h e
Sardeh Rud in Ghazni province.
* RUSTO * J
35-21 70-14 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on t h e Nur i st an ( Pashal ) r i ve r ,
about 2 miles n o r t h e a s t o f Gadwal i n Laghman pr ovi nce.
SAADATMAND &&A-
34- 70-. A vi l l age in t h e Kot di vi si on of t h e Jalalabad di st ri ct ,
about 1 m i l e nor t h of Kamdl Khel. Inhabi t ant s: Tirais. (Jenkyns.)
SABARI Or ZAMBARI W
33-34 69-52. Sabari is an al aqadari i n Paktia province. The daqa-
dar i compr i ses an area of 313 s quar e ki l omet er s and has a population
t h a t has been est i mat ed a t from 16,108 t o 22,245. The alaqadari is
bounded in t h e w e s t by Musa Khel, i n t h e s out h by Khost, i n t he east
by Trayzai, and Bak, and i n t h e nor t h by Jani Khel. Sabari has some
60 vi l l ages, 12 of whi ch have more t han 500 i nhabi t ant s. The vil-
l a ge s ar e l i s t e d in t h e PG a s fol l ows: Levaneyo Kalai (Lewan ~ h e l ) ,
Zavar Kalai ( Sai dan K he l l , Husai n Kalai (Saydan Khel ), Baryaqubi
(Saryaqubi Kalai, Yaqubi Khord), Kuz Yaqubi Kalai (Yaqubi ~h o r d ) ,
Orri Kalai, Khori Kalai, Gul dak Kalai (Gul dak Khel Mal), Sabza
Kalai, Mad Khel (Mangat Khel Mal), Umumi Zambar ( Umu m Zambar), Rahim
Kohol, Abo Khel, Okbi (Aqbi), Lakari (Lori Kalai), Pari Khel, Toda,
Guldar Kalai, Sabari, Kalai Karez, Laghar Kota (Laghar Kot), Muchi
(Mahi Kalai), Bad Khana, Lewan Khel ( Lewd Khel), Sorwi Pan, Zambar
(Nada Kalai), Zardar Kalai (Zar Dar ah) , Nori Kalai, Nakam Kalai,
Sahra Kalai, Khatkad, Wos Kai Khanda (Khoskai Danda), Gulam Kalai
(Gulnam Kalai), Mirzadin Kalai (Nasapa Kalai), Tor Tangi, Musa Kot,
Khal Busat, Sor Landi (Sorl andi Sayedan Khel), Gedel (Ledor Kale),
Pes ho Kalai ( Pesho Kalai Meli), Toti Kalai, Karr Do (Kroro Gheljai,
Shaykh Madi Baba, Dela Zara ( Re pa l Razar Kala), Gorchak Kalai
(Kochak), Pir Jan Kalai, Pira Gul Kota, Pirata Ghundai Mangal, China
Kalai (China Kale Khalsat), Faqiran (Faqi r Abad Khel), Qasem Qala
(Kala-Sam), Sor obi Kalai ( Sor obi Kalai Mi rai ), Tor Kadar (Doki
Kadi), Kotkai, Sayyid Abbas Kalai (Haji Sayed Abbas), ~ a q i r Jan Abad
Kalai, Mulla Kota (Mullayan) , ~ s a p a r i Sabri , Mask h Kota, Majlesa,
Karezi-Bahram, Pi ri Kalai, ~ a j i Nurullah Khan Kalai, Dokai, Ahmad
Qol and Karolo (Karo). ( LWA) In 1914, t h e vi l l age of Sabari was
des cr i bed a s fol l ows: a vi l l age i n Khost 12 miles nort h of Matun.
The neig hbourhood is w e l l wat ered, and t h e ground is cultivated
cl os e up t o t h e vi l l age. (Kennedy.)
SABAR-I-BALA I& ,+
34-13 70-18 m. A vi l l age in t h e Jalalabad di s t r i c t about 2 miles
nort h of Agham, on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Chapri ar stream. Inhabi-
t ant s: Khugianis and Tajiks. (Jenkyns.) Recent maps show t he spel-
l i ng Sabre. ( LWA)
SABAR-I-PAIN wSk fl
34- 70-. A vi l l age about 1 m i l e nor t h of Sabar-i-Bala. Inhabitants:
Khugianis and Tajiks.
*SABI KHEL & dL
34-57 69-18 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed in t h e Dasht-i-Bagram area, in
Parwan provi nce.
SABZ
h-
A low kot al cr os s ed by t h e road l eadi ng e a s t from t he Shibar Pass--
see "G horband ."
SABZ
. .
34-50 66-39 G. A narrow dara in t h e Yakh Walang di s t r i ct which
de s c e nds nor t heas t and j oi ns t h e Sachak gl en, t h e united streams
forming a Large wat ercourse which debouches i nt o t he and-i-Amir
valley t hr ough a gor ge known a s t h e Dahan-i-Guli. Here are a number
of haml et s c ol l e c t i ve l y known a s Kiligan, and cont ai ni ng a bout 30
f ami l i es f o Ki ri gu Kham-i-Aba Hazaras. The r e is a s m a l l f o r t on t h e
l e f t bank o f t h e Dahan-i-Guli wa t e r c our s e , and a number of c a ve s
used f o r s t o r i n g g r a s s , c or n, etc, and a s cow hous e s .
The Sabz Dara is c r o s s e d by t h e Firozbahar-Mazar-i-Sharif r oad a t 27
miles from t h e f or mer pl ace, and a t a bout 3 m i l e s above its j unct i on
wi t h t h e Sachak, whi l e t h e l a t t e r is c r o s s e d a t a poi nt some 4 m i l e s
f u r t h e r on. The r e is a f a i r l y good t r a c k down e a c h of t h e s e g l e n s t o
t h e i r j unct i on and t h e n c e t h r o u g h t h e Dahan-i-Guli t o Kiligan i n t h e
main val l ey. Maitland, who a s c e n d e d t h e Dahan-i-Gul f r om Ki l i gan,
gi ve s t h e f ol l owi ng d e s c r i p t i o n o f it and t h e Sabz and Sachak gl ens :
I'Having t ur ne d t o t h e r i g h t a t 6 miles ( f r om Ch i h i l b u j r avi ne) ,
f ol l owed r oad t h r o u g h c o r n f i e l d s , f o r hal f a m i l e , t o t h e e nt r a nc e
of t h e de f i l e . It t u r n s t o t h e r i g h t . Wi dt h a bout 30 ya r ds , wi t h
i na c c e s s i bl e wal l s of r oc k on e i t h e r hand. A ha r dl y d i s t i n g u i s h a b l e
pat h up its s t o n y bed. Af t e r a m i l e (7 miles) t h e g o r g e d i v i d e s
i nt o narrow d e f i l e s , t ur ni ng a br upt l y t o r i g h t and l e f t . Down t h e s e
comes t h e dr a i na ge o f Sachak, and Sabz Dara, r e s pe c t i ve l y.
" W e t ur ne d up t h e Sabz Dara d e f i l e , t o see t h e Sang Nawi sht a or
i ns cr i bed s t one , whi c h I had been t ol d e x i s t e d t h e r e . The g o r g e is
onl y some 15 y a r d s wi de, e nc l os e d by l o f t y pe r pe ndi c ul a r c l i f f s ,
much honeycombed and occasi onal l y worn i n t o s t r a n g e s h a p e s by t h e
act i on of wat er . Af t e r a qua r t e r of a m i l e t h e g u i d e s t o p p e d and
poi nt ed t o a pl a c e on t h e l e f t hand s i d e a bout 8 o r 10 f e e t u p t h e
r ock. By l ooki ng c l os e l y, w e coul d d i s c e r n c h a r a c t e r s whi c h, wi t h
some little t r oubl e w e made o u t t o be a s h o r t i ns c r i pt i on. I coul d
see no t r a c e of t h e i ns c r i pt i on havi ng been any l onge r , nor coul d I
mysel f see t h a t t h e r e had been any letters i n a g a p i n t h e mi ddl e o f
t h e wr i t i ng but my d a f a d a r s wer e of opi ni on t h a t s u c h f or mer l y
e xi s t e d. A s it s t a n d s , t h e wr i t i ng may mean J ung At al uk, ' t h e
At al ukgs f i g h t , ' but it is not s u f f i c i e n t l y a nc i e nt t o b e o f a ny
i mpor t ance. Al t oge t he r it was a di s a poi nt i ng i ns c r i pt i on.
The road up t h e d e f i l e is p r e t t y good, and less r ough t h a n bel ow. I t
is e vi de nt l y much us e d.
"Returned and pr oceeded up t h e Sachak gor ge. Tolerable path. Aft er
about hal f a mi l e , t h e d e f i l e o p e n s o u t i nt o t h e l owe r e nd of t h e
Sachak val l ey. Here t h e lesser hol l ow comes i n from t h e l e f t . The r e
is a haml et a t t h e j unct i on. Af t e r a n o t h e r hal f m i l e (2 m i l e s from
Ki l i gan) , t h e v a l l e y is o v e r 200 y a r d s wi d e , a nd t h e b r e a d t h
gr adual l y i nc r e a s e s . It is g r a s s y he r e , and t h e r e is some l ow
scr ub.
"Cont i nued up val l ey f o r a m i l e and ha l f , pa s s i ng s e ve r a l haml et s,
t o our camp on t h e st r eam whe r e t h e main road cr osses. ' '
The vi l l a ge s in t h e Sabz gl e n a r e gi ven unde r "Bamian (district)' ."
( Mai t l and. )
SABZAB +I*
A pa s s l e a di ng over t h e Koh-i-Baba from Besud t o Bamian--see "Jo-
lah." The r e is a vi l l age wi t h t h i s name l oc a t e d a t 34-42 67-59 G.
SABZAB
L.'*
34- 68-. A s m a l l vi l l age in t h e Bamian d i s t r i c t , s i t u a t e d i n t h e
Kalu gl en. Fi ve h o u s e s o f Hazaras. ( Ami r Khan.)
SABZABAD a&T+
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge in t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t , s i t ua t e d on t h e r i g h t
bank of t h e Kabul r i ve r , be t we e n Zulmabad and Nagharak. I nhabi -
t ant s : Ghi l zai s. ( Jen kyns. )
*SABZAK d+
34-53 67-39 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d i n t h e Dara-i-Sabzak, some 1 2
miles n o r t h we s t of Bamian i n Bamian pr ovi nce.
SABZAL SeeTABARGHAN (KOL-I)
Jr
'SABZANG &+
33-6 67-31 m. A vi l l a ge l o c a t e d near t h e Chub-i-Busid and sout heast
o f t h e Arg handab i n Bamian pr ovi nce.
SABZ DEH 'J*
34-38 69-19 m. A r a n g e s e pa r a t i ng t h e Kabul pl ai n on t h e e a s t from
t h e r ough uneven pl at eau t hr ough which t h e r i ver r uns down t o ~ a g h -
man. (Hddich. ) Recent maps show t h e name Dehsabz Dagh. (LWA)
SABZ DEH 4 J*
34- 69-. A vi l l a ge 1 2 miles n o r t h e a s t o f t h e c i t y of Kabul, on a
f e e d e r of t h e Pa nj s hi r r i ver . (Thort on. )
SABZ JOY a?.
34-10 66-55 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d near Wakilan and s out h of Waras in
Bamian pr ovi nce. Anot her vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d nor t h of
t h e Koh-i-Baba and n o r t h we s t o f Sar-i-Qol i n Bamian pr ovi nce, a t 34-
40 67-6 m.
SABZ KALA u.E*
A vi l l a ge on t h e e a s t e r n daman of t h e Paghman r ange, 42 miles north
o f Kabul. (Maitland .)
SABZ, KOL-I i r cbi
A vi l l a ge o f 120 h o u s e s of Andar i Ghi l zai s i n t h e Kharwar di s t r i ct .
( Gr i es bach . )
SACHAN See SABZ
"b
SADA
' A
34-15 71-1 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e Kabul r i ver , about t hr ee
m i l e s w e s t o f Lal pur a i n Nangar har pr ovi nce.
SADAK
JA-
34-46 69-26 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d nor t h of t h e Koh-i-Safi, about One
m i l e e a s t of Shami i n Kapi sa pr ovi nce.
SADBAR , L a
34- 68-. A g l e n whi ch f a l l s i n t o t h e Kalu gl e n 11 1/2 miles above
Zohak. ( Ami r Khan.)
SADBARG
d*J4
35-11 69-46 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d w e s t of t h e oh-i-Ferengal and on
a t r i but a r y of t h e Panj s hi r i n Kapisa pr ovi nce.
SADDA- I ~HULAM JAN "kY)bd*
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge in t h e Kama di vi s i on of t h e ~a l a l a ba d di s t r i c t
s i t u a t e d be t we e n Gaj and Nawaji. I nhabi t ant s : Sayyi ds of he Kunar
Pa ds ha h' s family. ( Jenkyns. )
mDI 3ARDA \ J ~ &
35-40 67-14 A. A s e c t i o n o f Sha i kh Mi Hazaras l i vi ng in t h e DUa
Jalmish. They a r e Sunni s. ( Peacocke. ) The r e a r e t wo vi l l ages with
t h i s name, one a t 35-40 67-14 A., t h e o t h e r a t 34-20 68-41
SAD MASTI
34-49 67-53 G. Two f or t - vi l l a ge s i n t h e Bamian val l ey. 60 fami-
lies of Taj i ks. (A.B.C.)
SADOZAI
See Volume 5.
SADU > A
A t r i b e i nhabi t i ng t h e ba s e of t h e Paghman hi l l s . The y are n o t
Af g hans, b u t a r e pr obabl y or i gi nal l y o f Hindu e xt r a c t i on, now con-
ve r t e d t o Muhammadanism. They ve r y much r es embl e g i p s i e s i n t h e i r
habi t s and modes o f l i f e , and a r e w e l l known a s f o r t u n a t e tellers
and t hi e ve s . ( Bel l e w .)
SADULLA
LU\ A
35-4 69-14 A. A vi l l a ge near Tutamdara. 50 Taj i k hous e s . ( Shahzada
Taimus . )
*SADWAR J'J A
34-59 68-53 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e Ghor band r i ve r , a bout t wo
m i l e s e a s t of Si agi r d i n Parwan pr ovi nce.
SAF
A va l l e y i n t h e Ha z a r j a t .
SAFARAK KALA % dJL
34-30 66-33 G. El evat i on 9, 650 f e e t . The 1 6 t h s t a g e on t h e Kabul-
Daulat Yar r oad, 44 m i l e s e a s t o f t h e l a t e r . The r e is now a f o r t
wi t h t h i s name.
SAFARAK TAGAO See SURKH
,fi d+
SAFDAR ALI KHAN dk&J&
34- 69-. One of t h e f o r t s i n t h e Ri s hkhor t owns hi p, Kabul d i s t r i c t ,
1 5 hous e s o f Gadi Hazaras. The pl ace was c o n f i s c a t e d from t h e
or i gi nal owner ( Saf dar A l i Khan, Gover nor of Kandahar, f o r A m i r S h e r
A l i ) by A m i r Abdur Rahman Khan. (I.B.C.)
*SAFEDAK
d*
34-21 66-44 m. A vi l l a ge nor t h of Sur khqol i and s o u t h e a s t of
Asghar at in Bamian pr ovi nce. Anot her vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is near
Damurda, on a t r i but a r y of t h e Helmand i n Bamian pr ovi nce, a t 34-9
67-22 m.
SAFED BIN1 a&
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge in t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t , s i t u a t e d on t h e l e f t
bank of t h e Kabul r i ve r , about 1 m i l e above Gi rdao. I nhabi t ant s :
Mohmands. (Jenkyns.)
SAFED DI VAR
JIB J 4-
34-8 68-14 m. A vi l l a ge near t h e Qol-i-Zangi, s o u t h w e s t of Miran in
Maidan pr ovi nce.
SAFED JIR A+?&
35- 69-. A v i l l a g e i n t h e u p p e r P a n j s h i r va l l e y, 8 miles a b o v e
Marz. It c ont a i ns 150 f ami l i es of Taj i ks. Kaf i l as goi ng from Kabul
over t h e Khawak p a s s ar e sai d t o ha l t h e r e i n p r e f e r e n c e t o Dasht-i-
Rewat, 3 miles f u r t h e r on. From Sa f e d Jir a t r a c k is s ai d t o l e a d
up t h e Zuria dar a, over t h e Zuria kot al , t o Kala Ahi ngaran i n t h e
Andarab valley. I t is i mpr act i cabl e f o r camel s. (I.B.C.)
SAFED KALA
46
34- 69-. A s m a l l vi l l a ge i n t h e Sha ka r Dara val l ey, Koh Daman of
Kabul. (Masson.)
SAFED KALA &&
34-26 68-28. A f o r t i f i e d vi l l a ge 5 m i l e s e a s t o f t h e Unai pass on
t h e main Kabul-Herat r oad. It c o n t a i n s ( i n 1904) some 30 families
o f Ti mur i s p o s s e s s i n g a bout 50 he a d of c a t t l e and 80 s h e e p and
goa t s . The annual pr oduc t i on of whe a t and bar l ey a ve r a ge s about 370
I ndi an maunds. The Unai, o r Sar-i-Chashma, a s t h e u p p e r Kabul river
is h e r e c a l l e d, is c r o s s e d a t Sa f e d Kala by a kacha s t o n e br i dge, of
10 f e e t s p a n and
1 0 f e e t r oadway, t h e a c t ua l st r eam, bei ng (in ~ u l y )
6 f e e t br oad and 6 i n c h e s d e e p . (Wanliss. )
*SAFEDKECH db
34-11 67-17 m. A vi l l a ge near Khus hqol on t h e Helmand in Bamian
pr 0vi nc. e
SAFED KHAK
dl;*
34-27 68-51 G. El evat i on 8, 330 f e e t . A p a s s over a s p u r of t h e
Pag hman mount ai ns, be t we e n t h e vi l l a ge o f Maidan. I t is c r os s e d by
t h e main Kabul-Herat r oad a t a bout 20 miles from Kabul. The ascent
from t h e wes t is somewhat s t e e p up a r at her st ony pat h; t h e descent
is si mi l ar. The p a s s is pa s s a bl e f o r a r t i l l e r y, but wi t h di f f i cul t y.
Saf ed Khak was continually occupi ed by di s a f f e c t e d Af g hans, who also
h e l d t h e Kotal-i-Takht i n 1880, t h e r e b y s t o p p i n g s u p p l i e s from
comi ng i n t o S h e r p u r or t h e c i t y o f Kabul f r om t h e w e s t and sout h-
west. (I.B.C.)
SAFED KOH Or SPIN GHAR r,f&
33-58 70-25 A. A l o f t y r a n g e o f hi l l s , f or mi ng p a r t of t h e Sulaiman
mount ai n s ys t e m and s e pa r a t i ng t h e bas i n o f t h e Kabul r i ver from
t h a t o f t h e Kurram.
The h i g h e s t p o i n t o f t h e main r a nge is a t its we s t e r n ext r emi t y and
is known a s t h e Sikaram peak. Thi s peak lies a bout 5 miles nor t h of
t h e Paiwar Kot al and r e a c he d a h e i g h t of 15, 620 f e e t . From t hi s
poi nt t h e main r a n g e r u n s near l y d u e e a s t f o r a d i s t a n c e of some 60
miles t o t h e head of t h e Bazar val l ey i n Ti r ah; h e r e it s p l i t s i nt o
t wo br a nc he s , one, unde r t h e name of t h e Sur gha r r ange, running
s o u t h e a s t be t we e n t h e Bazar and Bara vaLleys of Ti r ah, and t h e ot her
r unni ng n o r t h e a s t down t o t h e val l ey of t h e Kabul r i ve r whi ch it
r eaches in t h e nei ghbourhood of t h e Khaibar Pass.
The main range t hr ows o f f many s pur s bot h sout hwar ds i nt o t h e Kurram
val l ey and nor t h ward s i n t o Ni ngr ahar ; its mos t i mpor t ant of s hoot ,
howe ve r , is t h a t whi c h r u n s down from t h e Sikaram peak, in a sout h-
we s t e r l y di r e c t i on, t o t h e S h u t u r Gardan p a s s whe r e it c onne c t s with
t h e Machalgu hi l l s , whi c h a r e i n t u r n a c ont i nua t i on of t h e Sanglakh
r a n g e a n d , t h u s , o f t h e Hi ndu ~ u s h . T h i s is o f t h e ut mos t
i mpor t ance from a g e o g r a p h i c a l p o i n t o f vi ew a s f or mi ng t h e l a s t
connect i ng Link in t h e gr eat wat er shed formed by t h e Hindu Kush, t he
Sangl akh and we s t e r n Sulaiman r a nge s , whi ch d i v i d e s t h e 1ranian
pl at eau from t h e r i ve r s ys t e m of I ndi a.
The only ot he r of f s hoot s of t h e Saf ed oh which r equi r e notice here
a r e t h o s e whi c h, pr oj e c t i ng nor t h wa r ds t o wa r d s t h e Kabul r i ver ,
s e p a r a t e t h e Sur k hab, J a gda l a k, Tezi n end Logar val l eys. These
S p u r s ( whi c h may b e s p o k e n of c ol l e c t i ve l y a s t h e Si ah Koh and t h e
Kar kacha hi l l s ) r unni ng as t h e y d o a t r i g h t a ngl e s t o t h e main
Peshawar-Kabul r oad f or m s u c e s s i v e posi t i ons f or opposi ng an advance
i n e i t h e r d i r e c t i o n .
The p a s s e s ove r t h e main Sa f e d Koh r a nge a r e all h i g h and d i f f i c u l t ,
t h e onl y one o f any mi l i t ar y i mpor t ance bei ng t h e Agam pa s s . Thi s
is t h e l o we s t poi nt i n t h e main r a nge but e ve n it r e a c h e s a h e i g h t
of 11,766 f e e t and is c l os e d f o r s e ve r a l months i n t h e year .
The l ower s p u r s of t h e Sa f e d Koh a r e ba r e and r oc ky i n t h e extreme
but t h e h i g h e r s p u r s and t h e main r a nge i t s e l f u p t o a h e i g h t o f
about 12, 000 f e e t , a r e t h i c k l y wooded wi t h pi ne s , d e o d a r s and o t h e r
timber trees, whi l e t h e va l l e ys l yi ng be t we e n t h e va r i ous s p u r s a r e ,
a s a r ul e , ve r y f e r t i l e and f u l l of or char ds , etc. (I.B.C.)
SAFED POSH See KAFIRISTAN
.L+
SAFED SANG
Elevation 4,500 f e e t . A pl a c e i n t h e Khugi ani c ount r y, on t h e r i g h t
bank o f t h e Mar ki Kh e l s t r e a m a nd a b o u t 2 1/2 miles e a s t o f
Gandamak. Ther e was a Bri t i sh f or t i f i ed pos t and encampment her e in
t h e second Afghan war. The old pos t is now unoccupied and in rui ns,
but t h e r emai ns of t h e wal l s would still (1904) f or m a f a i r l y good
d e f e n c e f o r an e n t r e n c h e d camp. The Marki Khel s t r eam is h e r e
spanned by an ol d b r i d g e , b u i l t i n t h e t i m e o f Dos t Muhammad. Th e r e
is unlimited s pace f o r camping ground with ample good water from t h e
st ream and a l s o from a s p r i n g near t h e ol d p o s t , above t h e st r eam.
Suppl i e s a r e onl y a t t i m e s avai l abe. The cl i mat e is c o o l i n summer
and ver y col d i n wi nt er . The pos i t i on commands t h e c o u n t r y on aU
s i d e s e x c e p t t o wa r ds Fat ehabad (N.E.) .
A t Saf ed Sang a r oad and t r a c k s from t h e Paiwar and Lakar ai kot a l s ,
join t h e main r oad from Jal al abad. (Maleson, Wanl i ss, I.B.C.)
SAFED SANG
L&
34- 69-. A vi l l a ge in t h e Logar val l ey on t h e l e f t bank o f t h e
r i ver and nor t h of t h e Tangi Wagh jan. The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Taj i ks ,
and in 1880 number ed 100 f ami l i es. Sa f e d Sang is 1.9 m i l e s s o u t h o f
t h e c i t y o f Kabul, and 2 m i l e s nor t h of Zahi dabad. ( Cl i f f or d, Euan
Smith.)
SAFED SANG See ISFI SANG
SAF I dL
A r ace of pe opl e i nhabi t i ng t h e hi l l s t o t h e nor t h of t h e Mohmands.
They occupy t h e val l eys of Bar kot and Daminj, adj oi ni ng t h e Dara-i-
Nur, and a l s o a l l t h e val l eys ope ni ng i n t o t h e Kunar val l ey on t h e
r i g h t bank of t h e r i ve r u p t o Chi gha Sarai. Some a r e f ound on t h e
Fajaur s i d e of t h e Kunar r i ver . They a l s o have vi l l a ge s in Laghman,
bot h in t h e Al i shang and Al i ngar val l eys, and l a r g e number s d we l l
in Tagao and t h e o t h e r val l eys r unni ng down t o t h e l e f t bank of t h e
Kabul r i v e r .
Masson d e s c r i b e s t hem a s a s t r a i g h t f o r wa r d , manly r ace, wi t h f l or i d
compl exi ons, l i g h t e y e s and hai r. They have many pecul i ar c us t oms ,
and r et ai n many v e s t i g e s o f a nc i e nt a r t s ; f o r i ns t a nc e t h e y have
bee- hi ves, unknown t o t h e i nha bi t a nt s o f t h e pl ai ns. Thei r val l ey
is most c e l e br a t e d amongs t t h e i r nei g hbour s a s bei ng t h e na t i ve s o i l
of t h e na r c i s s us . The hi l l s of t h e i nha bi t a nt s yi e l di ng g r a p e s ,
qua nt i t i e s of wine and vi negar a r e made by t hem.
The Sa f i s adj oi ni ng Jal al abad, a l t hough t h e y unde r s t a nd t h e Pus ht u
l anguage, s pe a k among t he ms e l ve s a pecul i ar l a ngua ge whi ch may be
cal l ed t h e Kohi st ani di a l e c t . I t is a l a ngua ge of Sa ns kr i t or i gi n,
r esembl i ng t h e l a ngua ge of t h e Si a hpos h Kaf i r s. The r e can b e little
doubt t h a t t h e Sa f i s were or i gi nal l y Kaf i r s, and have been c onve r t e d
t o Muhammadanism dur i ng t h e l a s t f o u r c e nt ur i e s .
The name Saf i has
been pl ausi bl y s u p p o s e d t o i mt i mat e t h a t f a c t , bei ng der i ved from
s a f , meaning pur e. Thi s t r i b e is a c c or di ng t o J e nkyns , di vi ded i nt o
t wo s e c t i ons , vi z:
1. Gurbuz 2. Wader
The Gurbus ar e subdi vi ded i nt o
(a) Ba di nz a i (b) Gagi zai (c) Khadi khel ( d) Sulaimanzai
The Wader are subdi vi ded i nt o
(a) Ka nda ha r i ( I n c l u d i n g Amroi) ( b) Musawad (c) Bar i zai
(dl Si nz a i
Merk gi ve s t he f ol l owi ng i nf or mat i on r egar di ng t he Sa f i s :
1. The Kandahari s a r e s ubdi vi de d i n t o Si pah, Kamal Khel, Mirza
Khel, and Amroi.
Thei r vi l l a ge s are: Waidansha, Karel, Chi ngai , Kundo Kuhai, Amroi
Chi narai . The s e a r e known c ol l e c t i ve l y a s Sarkamar.
2. The Gurbuz l i v e in Tar aki Tangi , Lakarai, Kamar Kala, Katasar
( not t h e Gandao Katasar). Thei r s ubdi vi s i ons are: Badinzai, Sulai-
man zai, Shah zada Kor, Katasar.
3. The Musawad c o n s i s t of Sharnsho Kor, Aba Khel, Madur Kor, and
G hi l zai Kor. They oc c upy C hi nar ai , Zi arat , K hazi na, KO k pan.
4. The Wader s e c t i on l i v e s on t h e nor t he r n s l o p e s of t h e range
s o u t h of t h e Kunar r i ve r beyond Mitai.
The Kandahari Sa f i s j oi ned i n Mulla Khal i l ' s a t t a c k on our communi-
c a t i ons near Dakka i n Januar y 1880. Merk s a ys t h e y number 1,500
f i g h t i n g men, and t h a t t h e whol e cl an musters under 3,000 men.
(Jen kyns, Merk, Masson.)
SAFRA Or JAFRA
4-
35-15 69-12 G. A vi l l age of 40 h o u s e s i n t h e Salang Dara, about 13
1/3 miles above Parwan. (I.B.C.0
SAGDAO r ' L
34- 67-. A vi l l age in t h e Sar-i-Kol s ubdi vi s i on of Yakh Walang. 15
hous e s of Yang hur Hazaras. (I.B.C.)
SAGHANA
L;i.
33-44 68-6 m. A vi l l age near Miana, on a t r i but a r y of Dara-i-Yusuf
i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
SAGPAH
A t r i b e of Hazaras.
SAGPAR
34- 68-. A l a r g e val l ey whi ch j oi ns t h a t of Ghorband 9 1/2 miles
above Bin-i-Seh wak. I t is i nhabi t ed by a bout 60 f ami l i es of t h e Dai
Malan t a i f a of Shai kh Ali Hazaras. A r oad l e a d s from i t and over t he
kot a l of t h e same name on t h e main Koh-i-Baba r ange t o Gulak (in t he
Dara Turkoman?). A t GuLak t h e r e are 50 r e s i d e n t f ami l i es of Turko-
mans. The road is d i f f i c u l t , b u t camel s u s e it goi ng t o Kabul.
The
Sagpar Kotal can a l s o be r e a c he d by t h e Dark (Dara) Kojak, a glen
j oi ni ng t h e Ghorband val l ey 2 miles below t h a t of Sag par.
Thi s road
is sai d t o be much us ed by l ocal camel kaf i l as a s t h e ordinary
communication wi t h Kabul. (Peacocke. )
SAHAR See SOHAK
33-32 69-3 A.
4-
SAHIB
C L L ~
34-47 70-3 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Al i shang~
w e s t of Ahshang in Laghman province.
SAHIBZADA-I-ARABAN L# ~ l j -L
A vi l l age i n t h e Su r k h a b d i v i s i o n o f t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t . I nhab-
i t ant s: Taj i ks. ( Jenkyns. )
SAHIBZADA UZBIN
irrjli 4 ~ l j -L
A t r i b e who i n h a b i t t h e Usbi n val l ey, b e t we e n Laghman and Tagao.
(Masson. )
SAHLAO ,hL
34-46 70-4 G. A vi l l a ge i n Laghman, i nha bi t e d by Dehgans and
cont ai ni ng t h e f ol l owi ng f o r t s and haml et s:
1. ~ala-i- lar ram 6. Kot ki
2. Kala-i-Shah Nur 7. Dakian
3. Kala-i-Hal i m 8. Dhundi -i -Barakzai
4. Banda-i-Muhamad Azim, Akhunzada 9. Shar bat Khel
5. Tangi
In t h e Sket ch- map o f Jal al abad, Laghman, and Kunar, compi l ed i n
1810, t h e c o u r s e o f a t r i b u t a r y o f t h e Al i shang r i v e r is i n d i c a t e d
by d o t s a s r unni ng f r om t h e n o r t h we s t u n d e r t h e name o f Sal ao da r a
and f al l i ng i n t o t h e Al i shang a t Deh-i-Ghazi, a bout 8 miles nor t h-
west of t h e vi l l a ge of Al i shang.
Warburton d o e s n o t d e f i n e t h e p o s i t i o n of h i s Dara-i-Sahlab, whi c h,
i ns t ead o f bei ng a vi l l age, a s h e s a ys , is mor e l i k e l y t o b e t h e
valley of t h i s nor t hwest er n stream. The map, however, s hows none of
t h e haml et s and f o r t s s t a t e d by Warburt on t o b e c ont a i ne d i n t h e
pl ace. (Warburton. )
SAI uL.
A dar a d e b o u c h i n g from t h e s o u t h i n t o t h e Ghor band val l ey, 1 3 m i l e s
above Cha ha r de h. A r oad l e a d s u p it by t h e Sai Kotal t o Lol i ng and
t h e Turkoman Dara. I t is s a i d t o b e easy. ( Peacocke. )
SAI ANDA 4 4 L -
A s t r o n g wal l ed vi l l a ge i n Logar , a bout 55 miles from Ghazni and 63
miles from Kabul on t h e b a n k s o f t h e Logar. (Lusden. )
Thi s is n o t t o b e i d e n t i f i e d wi t h any vi l l a ge in Logar not e d i n t h e
occupat i on o f 1880. (I.B.C.)
*SAID BABA 66 +-
35-11 67-35 m. A vi l l a ge l o c a t e d i n t h e Sai ghan Dara, a bout f o u r
miles w e s t o f Sai ghan i n Bamian pr ovi nce.
*SAIDI KHEL L~4.0
34-15 69-56 m. A vi l l a ge l o c a t e d s o u t h e a s t of Ashpan in Nangar har
pr ovi nce.
*SAIDKHEL
34-24 69-13 m. A vi l l a ge l o c a t e d on t h e Logar r i ve r , s o u t h we s t o f
Bagrami i n Kabul pr ovi nce.
SAIFALI &&
One of t h e t h r e e main s e c t i o n s of t h e Kabul Khel s, Maimai and Pai pal
bei ng t h e o t h e r t wo. They i nha bi t Birmal and o t h e r l o c a l i t i e s on
t h e Indo-Af gha n f r o n t i e r - see "N.W.F. Gazet t eer . "
SAIGAN O r SHAIGO
A pl a c e i n t h e ~ a g h u r i count r y.
*SAIGHAN 04-
Sai ghan is t h e name o f an a l a qa da r i i n Bamian pr ovi nce, The &qa-
d a r i c o mp r i s e s a n a r e a o f 1, 652 s q u a r e k i l o me t e r s and has an
a gr i c ul t ur a l popul a t i on whi c h h a s be e n var i ous l y es t i mat ed a t from
4, 821 t o 5,142. The a l a qa da r i is bounde d i n t h e w e s t by Yakowlang,
i n t h e n o r t h and e a s t by Kahmard, and i n t h e s o u t h by Shibar and
Bamian. Sai g han h a s a bout 2 1 vi l l a ge s of whi c h 3 have more t han 500
i nha bi t a nt s : The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows: Eshan
( ~ h waja-ha), Bayani, Chirag hdan,
G hor a b Shah-i-Muhammad Beg, G horab-
i - ~ o g a d a , Khargi n-Bai gal , Ab Dara-i-Baigal, Goshak-i-Abdara, Khuda-
dad Khel , ~ h w a j a Ganj, Deh Iman, Deh Nola, So k h t a Chenar , Sayidabad,
Ghor ab, Ghor Wachi, Qurg han, Qur una, Qara Khawal, and Koh Gadai.
SAI JADAN 3'-
A vi l l a ge of 500 Tajik h o u s e s , e a s t o f Char i kar . ( Shahzada Taimus,
f r om na t i ve i n ormation. )
SAI KAZI See ZAK &ti&
*SAIYID Pr ope r l y SAYYID
SAIYID
4..
Th e r e a r e s e v e r a l Sai yi d t r i b e s i n Af gha ni s t a n, t h e pr i nci pal being
t h e Wardak. Th e d e s i g n a t i o n "Sayi d" means a d e s c e n d a n t of t h e
Khal i f a Al i , son-i-law of Muhammad.
SAIYID +
A s u b d i s t r i c t of Yak Walang--See "Bamian ( d i s t r i c t ) . I1
Th i s name is a p p l i e d t o t h e Band-i-Amir val l ey f o r some di st ance
bel ow Pi r ozbahar . (A.B.C.)
SA I Y I DABAD
dkT4.
34- 67-. A l ong gl e n d e s c e n d i n g nor t h from t h e Koh-i-Baba and
de bouc hi ng i n t o t h e Bamian val l ey 2 m i l e s bel ow Kala Sarkari--see
"Bamian ( d i s t r i c t ) . " T h e r e is a p a s s a t t h e h e a d o f t h e gl en,
c a l l e d t h e Dokan, whi c h l e a d s ove r t h e main r ange. (Maitland.)
SAI Y I DABAD
a&T*
33-59 68-43. Sayyi dabad is t h e name of a wol eswal i in Wardak
Pr ovi nce. The wol es wal i c ompr i s e s an a r e a of 1, 033 s qua r e kilo-
me t e r s and h a s an a gr i c ul t ur a l popul a t i on whi ch ha s been veri ousl y
e s t i ma t e d a t f r om 20, 352 t o 25,353. The wol eswal i is bounded i n t h e
w e s t by J a gha t u and Chak-i-Wardak, i n t h e nor t h by Ner kh, in t he
e a s t by Pul-i-klam, Baraki , Cha r kh, and i n t h e s o u t h by Zina Khan
and Kh waja Omr i . Sayyi dabad wol es w a l i i n c l u d e s a bout 147 vi l l ages,
of whi c h a bout s i x t e e n have more t h a n 500 i nhabi t ant s . he vi l l ages
a r e l i s t e d in t h e PG a s f ol l ows : Hakim ~h e l - i - o n k h i , Faze1 Khel,
Hasan Beg, Musa Khel , Yami Khel, Badam Khel, Chenar , Per ang, Hashim
Khel , Dag Baghr i , Duab Tangi , Hasan Khel, Bini Sa f e d, ~ala-i-Amir,
Hai der Khel, Taj Begi , Kaj Qala, Aman ~ h e l - i - ~ a k y a h , Shadi KheL
Todah Chi na, Sal ar, Sal ar Tak yah, Sal ar-i -si yah, Patan, Sarwar Khelt
Sul t an Khel, Cha r de hi , Dandoki , Ha f t Asyab, Awsz, Kodi Hasan Beg,
Jan9 Jai, Lowara, Baber Khel, Mehro, Sandawar , Sha i khi , Gogar, Shash
Qala, Y us uf Khel, Mashin Qala, Kh waj at up, Khalyan, Zan k han, ~ b d u l
Muhyud d i n , Gul i Khel - i - Tang i f ~ a ma l - i - u l y a , Mamal-i-Sufla, Barat
Khel , Sar-i-Qol, Bag hak, Muli Khel, Badur Khel, C hangi-i-Bag h a k f
Badogak, Mangali, Karez, Busak, Hasan Khel-i-Shaniz, Baker Khel, Khar
Lowarah, Lala Gul Khel, Aka Khel-i-Takya, Mir Khan Khel, Zarak Kflelf
Zarak Khel-i-Haft Asyab, Alam Khel, Mulla Khel, Gulab Khel, ~al a-1-
Mulls Shah Mohd, Ramzi Khel, Babu Khel, Lachi Khel, Shahgul , Plushak
Khel, Qabchi Khel, Kamran Khel, Qala-i-Allah Dad, Jan Mohd Khel,
Zamuch, Bur hani Khel, Timur Khel, Kot, Si s i , Kodl ak, Seyah Chub,
~ a l a - i - S u r k h , Qal a- i - Sadudi n, S h a t e r , Allah Yar Khel, Arab Khel,
Bulandi, Hamza Khel, Payenda Khel, Larum, Sadul l ah Khel, Shi r Khel ,
I s haq Khel, Badak Khel , Khwaja Gharamban, Larum-i-Sufla, Tarah Khel,
Mado Khel, Karo Khel, Utri Takya, Qala-i-Nau-i-Haft Asyab, G ha z i
Khel, Hakim Khel , Zangor, Nasi r Khel, Mohd Azim Khel, Musa Khel,
Allah Yar Khel , J ar chi yan, Mohabat Khel, Barak Khel, Chor i Khel ,
Alam Khel, Rahim Khel , Ghai bak Khel, Latu Khel, Bandah Khel, Gadaye
Khel, Bari kak Khel, Chawni , Sai kh Azam Baba, Nasr at Khel, Mir Yahya
Khel, Shi r ak, Abdarah, Landah Khel, Jan Mohd Khel , Gadaye Khel,
Cheshma-i-Kaka, Shamshi , Qut ub Khel, Azad Khel, Pat ak Khel, Buland
Qash , Kharyan, Pirak Khel, Abdara-i-Khurd, Abdara-i-Kalan, Pat ak
Khel-i-Chardehi, Das ht - i - Tup- i - Shek h Abad, Sha d i P u c h , Qala-i-
Guldin, Baraki Hasan Beg, Hasan Beg, Dawlat Khel, Hurjan, Takya,
Qarya-i-Sayed, Shai k habad, Dasht-i-Am, and Tar wat i Khel.
SAI Y I DABAD
aLT+
33-59 68- 43 m. El e v a t i o n 6, 950 f e e t . A v i l l a g e i n t h e S h i n i z
valley, a bout 38 miles nor t h o f Ghazni . I t is a c l u s t e r o f haml et s
bel ongi ng t o t h e Kha waja Rasul Sai yi d s. Si gnal l i ng communi cat i on
wi t h t h e Sh e r Dahan Kotal can b e mai nt ai ned from a hi l l j u s t west o f
t h i s vi l l age. A t Sai yi dabad t h e Maidan and Logar val l ey r o a d s from
Kabul t o Ghazni j oi n.
The b e s t campi ng gr ound is on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Shi ni z r i ver .
Suppl i e s mus t b e c o l l e c t e d from t h e var i ous vi l l a ge s i n t h e Shi ni z
and Unkai val l eys, bot h o f whi ch a r e w e l l c ul t i va t e d and f e r t i l e .
Near t h i s vi l l age, i n November 184 1, Capt ai n Woodburn, pr oc e e di ng t o
Kabul wi t h 108 i nva l i ds , was a t t a c k s by an over whel mi ng f o r c e of
Ghi l zai s and h e and h i s whol e pa r t y were ki l l ed.
During t h e year 1880, Sai yi dabad was us ed a s a hal t i ng pl a c e by Si r
Donald St e wa r t on h i s march f r om Kandahar t o Kabul, and by Si r
Fr e de r i c k Rober t s on h i s march from Kabul t o Kandahar. Sai yi dabad
was in t h a t year a c ol l e c t i on of s c a t t e r e d bui l di ngs of no i mpor-
tance. The be s t place f or an encampment was t hen found t o be on t h e
oppos i t e , or r i g h t bank, of t h e Shi ni z r i ver . Due e a s t o f t h e
vi l l age a pa t h l e a d s by a gr adual a s c e n t t o a p a s s 3 m i l e s d i s t a n t ,
from whi ch t h e Logar val l ey is vi s i bl e, and by whi ch it can b e
r e a c he d. Thi s r out e , however , is d i f f i c u l t . The r e a r e t wo al t er na-
t i ve good r o u t e s from h e r e t o Kabul, one by Maidan and Ar ghandi , t h e
o t h e r by t h e Tangi Wardak and Logar val l ey. (Campbel l , Lumsden,
I.B.C.)
SAIYIDABAD Or ZAHIDABAD 44
34- 69-. A l a r g e vi l l age, s ur r ounde d by cul t i vat i on, on t h e l e f t
bank of t h e Logar r i ve r , about 2 miles s o u t h of Sa f e d Sang. The
i n h a b i t a n t s a r e Ta j i k s a nd Adr amzai Ghi l z a i s . The r e is a s m a l l
s qua r e f o r t h e r e , bui l t a bout 1875, by a Wardak c h i e f named Baz-ud-
Din, and t h e r e is a b r i d g e h e r e over t h e Logar r i ve r , pr cl ct i cabl e
f o r l a de n animals. Fodde r f o r 4,000 ani mal s and a bout 300 maunds o f
ungr ound gr ai n is obt ai nabl e from Sai yi dabad and its ne i ghbour hood.
(I.B.C., J o h n s t o n . )
SAIY IDABAD +
34-47 69-6 G. A vi l l a ge in t h e Koh Daman of Kabul, be t we e n 1s t al i f
and Baba Kushkar . Water from a kar ez. The r e a r e s ai d t o b e onl y 1 6
hous e s ( Taj i ks) i n t h e vi l l age i t s e l f , and about t h e same number
among t h e t h r e e f o r t s o u t s i d e t h e pl ace, and bel ongi ng t o it.
( 1 .B.C.)
SAIYID AHMAD &'+
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Besud di vi s i on of t h e Jalalabad dis-
trict, s i t u a t e d on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Kabul r i ve r , about 3 mi l e s
down from Jal al abad. I nhabi t ant s : Arabs. ( Jen kyns. )
SAIY IDAN ir'+
34- 68-. A da r a d e s c e n d i n g nor t h f r om t h e Paghman r ange t o t he
Ghor band val l ey. I t is t r a v e r s e d by t h e r oad l e a di ng over t he
Kachan Kotal.
Peacocke, who c a l l e s t h i s t h e Dara Koi shki , s ays :
"In t h e Dara Koi s hki l i v e 3, 000 f ami l i es o f Koi s hki Af ghans, owning
50 f l o c k s , 5, 000 c a t t l e , 30 wat er mi l l s, and 2,100 gar dens . They
a l s o own a number o f a s s e s , and a c t a s c a r r i e r s . The s ur f a c e of t he
Koi s hki val l ey is br oke n i n t o i r r e gul a r t e r r a c e s on each s i d e of t he
s u n k e n t r o u g h of its st r eam. The t r o u g h o f t h e st r eam is about 200
y a r d s wi de, and b o t h it and t h e t e r r a c e s a r e c ove r e d wi t h villages,
ga r de ns , and o r c h a r d s , and t h e br a nc h val l ey whi ch r uns up t o Parsa
is of si mi l ar de s c r i pt i on. " ( Peacocke. )
A w e l l wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 35-5 67-51 G., and a vi l l age at
33-35 69-6 G. (LWA)
SAIYIDAN-I-ARAB1 d ! "'4..
34- 70-. A v i l l a g e i n t h e J a l a l a ba d d i s t r i c t , s i t u a t e d on t h e
r i g h t bank of t h e Sur kha b r i ve r , a bout a m i l e s o u t h w e s t of Saiyidan-
i-Fauladi. In t h i s pl a c e are i nc l ude d Kala-i-Arsala Khan and Bazid
Khel. I nhabi t ant s : Taj i ks and Ghi l zai s. ( Jenkyns. )
SAIYIDAN-I-FAULADI J Y ~ dl+
34- 70-. A v i l l a g e i n t h e J a l a l a ba d d i s t r i c t , s i t u a t e d on t h e
r i g h t bank o f t h e Sur kha b r i ve r , a bout t wo miles above Wattapur.
I nhabi t ant s : Taj i ks and Ghi l zai s. ( Jenkyns. )
SAIYID GHARIB 44
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge 23 miles from Jal al abad, on t h e Kunar river,
c o n s i s t i n g o f 60 h o u s e s o f Taj i ks. (Leech. )
SAIYID GHULAM ++
33-45 68-21 G. El evat i on 8, 140 f e e t . A f o r t i f i e d vi l l age on t he
l e f t bank of t h e Bari kao, and j u s t t o t h e r i g h t of t h e Ghazni-Besud
r oad. The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Sa yyi ds of whom t h e r e a r e some 20 houses.
The r e is a b r i d g e ove r t h e Bar i kao s t r eam a bout 1/2 m i l e above t h e
v i l l a g e .
Th e r e is ampl e room f o r campi ng gr ound on t h e l e f t bank of t he
s t r eam, and s u p p l i e s f o r a mi xed b r i g a d e f o r 2 o r 3 da ys a r e sai d t o
b e e a s i l y obt a i na bl e . (I.B.C.)
SAI YI D GUL KUSHTA See SAR-I-BULAK
dJ 5 +
A v i l l a g e wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 34-33 67-26 G.
*SAIYID-HA-I-ACHOKHAN 3 b *!& +
33-36 68-3 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e Dara-i-Yusuf, about 2 miles
nor t h of Babur and some 20 miles w e s t of Ghazni i n Ghazni province.
SAIYID HUSAIN w4
34- 69-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Koh Daman, 2 miles s o u t h of t h e ah-i-
Gos f and pa s s . ( ~ l n l o c h . )
SAIYIDI d*
A vi l l a ge a ppa r e nt l y i n t h e J a j i c ount r y, cont ai ni ng 80 hous es , and
a bl e t o t u r n o u t 300 f i g h t i n g men. (Ag h a Abbas.)
SAIYID KALA d4. r
34- 68-. A s m a l l vi l l a ge on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Helmand, a bout
t h r e e miles n o r t h e a s t Jaokul . I t c ont a i ns a bout 10 f ami l i es o f
~ a i y i d s and is s ur r ounde d by a c ons i de r a bl e amount o f cul t i vat i on.
(Wan1 i ss .
SAIYID KANDA 4 d 4
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge in Lagman, pr obabl y i n t h e ne i ghbour hood of
Kanda. I nhabi t ant s : Ghi l z a i s (Warburton. )
SAIYID KARAM tJ4
33-41 69-21. Sai yi d Karam is a wol eswal i i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce. The
wol eswal i c ompr i s e s an a r e a o f 938 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s and h a s an
agr i cul t ur al popul at i on t h a t ha s been e s t i ma t e d a t form 16, 454 t o
20,709. The woleswali is bounded in t h e s out hwes t by Gardez, in t h e
s out h by Shawak, i n t h e s o u t h e a s t by Musa Khel, i n t h e e a s t by
Lajmangal and Hasan Khel, and i n t h e nor t h by Jaj i . Sai yi d Karam
has some 115 vi l l a ge s , 55 of whi ch have more t ha n 500 i nha bi t a nt s .
The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e Pg a s f ol l ows : Mirzaka, Andwam,
Khalilan-i-Mirzaka, J a nde l Kala, Azad Khol, Haji Hamid Kalai, Rud
Ahmadzai, Sr ah Kala, Salam Khel, Dawlat Khel, Azak Khel, Sahbaz
Khel, Pahlawan Khel, Sayed Khel , Sham Shi r Abad, Shah Alam Khel ,
Qader Khel, Moh' d. A l i Khel, Pads hah, Torah Khel, Khwaja Khel, Mali
Khel , Ganda w i , S h a t o Kalai ( Sa t o Khe l Kal e) , Rahmanul l a Kal ai ,
A s hr af Khel, Pat i yan, J a ngi Khel, Miya Khel, Qala-i-Khandan (Tandan
Qala), Husain Khel, Khanak Kala (Nanak Qal a), Kamal Khel (Esa Khel ) ,
Najaran, Af zal Khel, Gamrani Khel, Fer oz Khel, Qala-i-Mahmud, Hemat
Khel, Marbutat-i-Tuti Khel, Khawr esh, Shah Nur-Khel, Khawr Kayan,
Kod Mangal, Kundar Khel , Kot aki , Spi na Husain Khel, Najo Kala, Nano
Kala, Wazir Khe l ( Wal i Khe l ) , J a r Nel-Kala, Bazi d- i - Kar ez, Masak
Karez, Dado Kala, Niyazo Haji, Galak Khel, A l i Khel, Ghani Khel ,
Salah Khel, Koz-Wazir Khel, Sul t an Khel, Wazir Khel-i-Bala, Baraki
Machalghu, Hasan Kala, Mamand, Mulla Khel, Taru Khel, Shat o Khel ,
Bazo Khel, Godi yan, Akhund Khel, Salam Khel, Dezendah Khel ( Spi na
Kala), Kuz Nura-Khel, Nurak Khel, Lewal-i-Ak hund-Khel , Kh waja Dad
Khel, Ghal ak, Ghalak-i-Khusk, Gur gi Khel, Ramak K H e l , Zendi Khel,
Tsapl ai , Alef Khel, Kossi n, Kalgar Kossi n, Khan Jan-Khel, Kossin-i-
Suf l a, Miya Gul Kala, Shakar Khel, Khe dr i Kala, Akbar Khel, Dam,
Khajori-Kalai, Kel ki n K hol a, Garandai-K hul a, Nast i Kot, Mohamad zai
(Momozai) , F e r o z K h e l , Zar g ul Kal ai ( Zol Kalai) , Gh u n d a i Kal ai ,
Khano Khel, Kuz Senj ak, Osman Khel, Ghor eza, Much (Mush), Koshhal -
Khel-i-Chini ( Chi no) , Chor l agai , Ghunzai , Karezgai , Ashpan, Nura
Chi na, Tar ai ( Ta r a i j a nga i ) , Mansur Khel , Gul Khel , S a d a t K h e l ,
Tandan, Mazarzai, Raf i qan, Sr ah Khel-Khula, Bandah Bin-Khel, Qala-i-
Pi rak, Gul di n Kalai, and Munt azer Khel.
SAIYID KHEL &+
35- 69-. A t o wn s h i p of about 300 Tajik hous e s , on t h e Kabul-Khawak
pa s s r oad, n o r t h e a s t of Char i kar . I t i n c l u d e s t h e vi l l a ge s of
Kamangar, Chor a, Haziram, Chukur Khel, Aziz Khel, Abdu Khel, Chi naki
Pain, Shi nwar i , Musha Khel, Harif Khel, Us ht ur ha r , Rasul dad Khel,
Kh wajagi, and Ibrahi m Khan. ( Shahzada Tairnus.)
SA JAWAN ~ k -
33-54 68-45 G. A p a s s ove r t h e s p u r from t h e Sa f e d Koh whi ch
s e pa r a t e s t h e Logar val l ey f r om Zurmat. The road is f i t f o r f oot men
and mul es, and t h e p a s s t u r n s t h a t of t h e Sh e r Dahan.
(I.B.C.)
SAM KALA
34- 69-.
JL
A l a r g e vi l l age in t h e Kabul d i s t r i c t , on t h e r i g h t
bank of t h e Logar r i ver , and c l o s e t o t h e nor t he r n ent r ance of the
sang-i -Nawi sht a de f i l e . I nhabi t ant s: Af ghans of t h e "Saka" tribe.
( I . ) A vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 34-33 68-58 G.
SAKAWA 9 t.l
34-29 66-17 m. leva ti on 9, 200 f e e t . A vi Uage on t h e r i ght bank
of t h e La1 st ream. A f o r t wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 34-30
66-15
G.
SAKHA See CHAHAR DEH (1)
SAKH KHAN
"l; tL
A vi l l age i n Laghman, on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Kabul r i ver , 10 miles
w e s t of Ismat ul l ah Khan' s f or t . I t is a small, uni mport ant place
bui l t a t t h e end of a sand s t o n e s p u r whi ch e x t e n d s from t he Siah
Koh down t o t h e r i ver . (Holdich. )
*SAKINI &
33-38 68-11 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a f e w m i l e s s out h of Dara-i-
Yusuf , and about 14 miles we s t - nor t hwe s t of Ghazni i n Ghazni
pr ovi nce.
SLAB
A vi l l age i n Laghman. I nhabi t ant s: Kohi st ani s. (Jenkyns. )
kL
N.B.-- Thi s is pr obabl y t h e same a s Sahl ao.
*SALAKHEHL $.' $0
34-48 69-2 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d some 3 m i l e s s out h of I st al i f and
west o f Kalakan i n Kabul pr ovi nce.
*SALAMI dL
34-53 71-1 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d near Aybat and west of Asadabad
(C hag hasar ai ) in s o u t h e r n Kunar pr ovi nce.
'SALAMKHEL & rL
34-26 69-40 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d n o r t h we s t of ~ a g d a l a k and north
of t h e Sur t ai Ghar i n Kabul pr ovi nce.
SALANG
&L
35-12 69-13. Salang is a vi l l age and an al aqadar i in Parwan pro-
vi nce. The al aqadar i c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 688 s qua r e ki l omet er s and
ha s an a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on t h a t ha s been est i mat ed a t from 8, 450
t o 13,242. The al aqadar i is bounded in t h e w e s t by Shinwar, in t he
nor t h by Khenjan and Andarab, in t h e e a s t by Panj shi r , in t h e south
by Jabul Saraj. Salang i nc l ude s 40 vi l l ages , of whi ch 1 3 have more
t han 500 i nhabi t ant s . The vi l l ages a r e l i s t d in t h e PG a s foll0ws:
A9 he1 Khel-i-Ag h Ali Khan, Ahangaran, Anamak, A wrati, hangarh ha-i-
Awrati, Seyahchub Sar-i-Awrati, Takht-i-Awrati, Nau ~a hr a - i - ~wr a t i ,
Sambolak Awrati, Tutumzar Awrati, Anarzar Awrati, Deh ~ wr a t i , Seg ha-
i-Awrati, Audak Awrati, Shaghal Kunda-i-Awrati, Tanha ~h a k - i - ~wr a t i ,
Lalma Sabzak, Tughak, Aulang, Ijan, Baba Shungul , ~agh-i -Lal a, Bini
Nawach, Paja, Gumzen wa Peshi-Raj, J af ar ak, Char i kar ak (chari karak
Duab), Deh Y e k , Kotah, Wawa, Surnai Kacha, Taghma, Salah Khan, Qala-
i-Tak, Le wan, Nawuch-i-Ulya wa Suf l a, ~u n a r wa - i - ~a l a wa Pain (Handu-
wa), Nau Tut Waltarzum, Kohna Deh, ~al a- i - Baqi , Chi l akt a, and Sa-
l ang. (LWA) In 1912 t h e ar ea was de s c r i be d as f ol l ows:
A v a e y r unni ng s out hwa r ds from near t h e Bajgah pa s s in t h e Hindu
Rush pa s t t h e vi l l age of Parwan, and j oi ni ng t h e ~ h o r b a n d valley
about 4 miles below Tutamdara. A road l e a d s up t h e Salang Clara,
over t h e Bajgah pa s s , i nt o t h e Andarab valley. (1.B.C.)
Regar di ng t h e Sal ang Dara and its i n h a b i t a n t s , Mai t l and s a y s , " The
~ a l a n g i s a r e a nume r ous race, a c c o u n t e d Taj i ks . The y s p e a k Pe r s i a n.
The g l e n is nar r ow, b u t wh e r e v e r a f i e l d can b e p l a c e d t h e r e is
cul t i vat i on. Th e r e a r e many o r c h a r d s i n t h i s g l e n , t h e trees b e i n g
mos t l y mul be r r i e s .
The Sa l a ngi s a r e carriers. Th e y buy salt, o i l o f ti1 ( sesamum?) ,
rice and wh e a t i n t h e Andar ab a n d Khi nj an d i s t r i c t s , a nd c a r r y t h e m
t o Kabul. Th e s a l t is f r om Ch a l b u t t h e Sa l a n g i s d o n o t g o f o r it.
They buy it f r om t h e Andar ab p e o p l e . Th e r e is a l s o a s t r e a m wi t h
t h i s name a t 35-4 69-14 A., a nd t h e f amous Sal ang Tunnel , l o c a t e d
a t 35-19 69-2 m. (LWA)
SALANGAI O r WALANGAI $'-
35-22 69-4 A. A p a s s o v e r t h e Hi ndu Kush. I t lies a t t h e he a d o f
t h e Ejan Dara on a d i r e c t r oad f r om t h e Pa n j s h i r t o t h e Khi nj an
val l ey. I t is o p e n l o n g e r t h a n e i t h e r t h e Kaoshan, o r t h e Walian
k o t a l s . T h e r o a d o v e r t h e a c t u a l p a s s is f u l l y p r a c t i c a b l e f o r
c a me l s . (I.B.C.)
*SALAR ,IL
33-54 68-40 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d ne a r Mal i khel on t h e Ghazni - Kabul
road i n Maidan p r o v i n c e .
*SALAW dL
34-51 70-16 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d s ome 6 m i l e s w e s t o f Al i ngar i n
s o u t h e r n Laghman pr ovi nc e . Anot he r p l a c e wi t h t h i s name is a f e w
miles s o u t h we s t o f Al i s hang and s o u t h e a s t o f Fe r a d o l i i n Laghman
pr ovi nce.
SALEH KEH d$L
A v i l l a g e 1 0 m i l e s n o r t h we s t o f t h e Abi -i -Ist ada, on t h e d i r e c t
r o u t e f r om G hazni - Quet t a. ( Thor nt on. )
SALEH KHAN &$L
33- 69-. One o f t h e t wo mud f o r t s ( Shal i m be i ng t h e o t h e r ) wh i c h
domi nat e t h e mout h o f t h e Chakmani va l l e y a t a d i s t a n c e o f a b o u t 1/2
mile from t h e j u n c t i o n o f t h e Gobar ak s t r e a m wi t h t h e Kurram r i v e r .
In J u n e 1879 t h i s f o r t was f o u n d t o b e i n g o o d o r d e r , o f r e c t a n g u l a r
s ha pe and wi t h f l anki ng d e f e n c e pr ovi ded by t wo t owe r s 35 f e e t hi gh,
and a t h i r d o f s mal l er di me ns i ons , e a c h p l a c e d a t an a n g l e o f t h e
wal l s, a b o u t 20 f e e t h i g h , t h e whol e l oop- hol e d f o r mu s k e t r y f i r e .
At t ached t o t h e w e s t f a c e was an o r c h a r d , e n c i r c l e d b y a mud wall, 7
f e e t h i g h . Th e va l l e y h e r e is a b o u t 700 y a r d s wi de. (Kane.)
SALIM +-
32-12 66-28 A. A v i l l a g e i n t h e ~ h u g i a n i c o u n t r y , 2 m i l e s s o u t h o f
Fat ehabad, and t h e s ame d i s t a n c e f r om F o r t Bat t ye. I t is a s mal l
wal l ed pl ace. (1.B.C.)
SALOH *A
One o f t h e t r i b e s o f Kaf i r i s t an. In f or me r times it h e l d t h e va l l e y
o f Ra n a k o t o r Sa l a o , b u t f o r v e r y many y e a r s p a s t it h a s b e e n
dwe l l i ng i n t h a t p a r t o f t h e c e n t r e o f Ka f i r i s t a n wa t e r e d by t h e
Shunah r i v e r , t o wa r d s t h e h i g h e s t r a n g e s o f Hi ndu Kush, and c a l l e d
t h e Shunah val l ey. I t lies t o t h e w e s t o f t h e "Kat i hi " c o u n t r y ,
nor t h o f Laghman and east o f t h e val l ey o f Kanda-i-Nil. Ro b e r t s o n
makes no ment i on o f s u c h a t r i b e . Masson me nt i ons a pl ace, c a l l e d
Saloh Ranakat , a b o u t 8 miles s o u t h we s t o f Al i s hang, wh e r e t h e r e a r e
t wo or t h r e e mode r n f o r t s a n d , it is s a i d , s ome a n c i e n t v e s t i g e s .
From a s p r i n g h e r e it is a l s o a s s e r t e d t h a t f r a g me n t s o f r u b i e s a r e
e j e c t e d , and t h a t p a r c e l s of t hem a r e c o l l e c t e d and sol d t o t he
Kabul d r u g g i s t s a s medi cament s. ( Raver t y, Masson.)
*SAMAD1
U b
34-45 67-4 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d some 8 miles n o r t h e a s t of Yakaw-
l ang and nor t h of t h e KO h-i -Shorakarak i n Bamian pr ovi nce.
SAMAJ I L Cl.4
A tribe o f Kaf i r i s t an, who, i n a nc i e nt times, d we l t i n t h e Shamakot
and its c o n t i g u o u s val l ey al ong wi t h t h e Manduls, and a t t h e pr esent
d a y o c c u p y a por t i on o f t h e val l ey of Kand-i-Nil,
wi t h t h e Manduls,
and ' Kat i hi s. ' ( Ra ve r t y. )
* SAMANDAR JL
34-22 68-35 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a s t r eam some 12 miles west of
Ner kh a l a qa da r i s e a t i n Maidan pr ovi nce.
* SAMANDUR > A
35-1 70-19 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d some m i l e s w e s t o f t h e conf l uence
o f t h e Ps ha l and Kolatan s t r e a ms i n Laghman pr ovi nce.
SAMAR KHEL See ALI BOGHAN LLIP
SAMAR KHEL L ~ J -
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge c ont a i ni ng a bout 100 h o u s e s i n t h e Jalalabad
d i s t r i c t , l yi ng a bout 1 m i l e s t o t h e n o r t h of Al i Boghan and in-
c l u d e d in t h e l a t t e r . Fai r campi ng gr ound. I nhabi t ant s: Duranis.
( J e nkyns , J ohns t on. )
SAMBALA
4-
A vi l l a ge s i t u a t e d on a c r o s s r oad be t we e n t h e val l eys of Ghorband
and Parwan Dara. I t is s c a t t e r e d al ong t h e bot t om of a d e e p dale.
(wood .)
SAM GOKH crSr
A val l ey p a s s e d on t h e r oad from Matun, in Khost , t o Hazara Pir,
a bout 8 m i l e s f r om Zer Kamar. (I.B.C.)
SAMUCH MULLA UMAR ~ C ~ K F
34- 69-. El evat i on 5, 900 f e e t . The name gi ve n t o t h e campi ng ground
a t t h e we s t e r n e nd o f t h e Lat aband pa s s . It lies in a hollow sur-
r ounde d on t h r e e s i d e s by h i l l s and is a bout 5 miles from t h e summit
of t h e Lat aband and t wo m i l e s from t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Kabul
r i ve r . Room mi ght be f ound f o r a di vi s i on t o encamp h e r e by scat t er -
i ng uni t s . The r e is a ve r y good and p l e n t i f u l wat er - suppl y from t h e
Lat aband st r eam and from many s p r i n g s ; it is t h u s n o t l i abl e t o be
c u t Of f nor is it a f f e c t e d b y t h e s e a s o n o f t h e year . Fuel is
abundant , b u t bad; no s u p p l i e s a r e pr ocur abl e. A sar ai was built
h e r e i n 1905 and t h e r e is a ga r r i s on of one s qua dr on of cavalry and
o n e com pany of in f a nt r y. (Mal l eson, Wanl i ss, I.B.C.)
*SAMUS1 fl?
34-5 70-9 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d nor t h o f t h e Spi n Ghar and s out h of
Miyagan i n Nangar har pr ovi nce.
SANAQ
JL
35-6 67-34 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Saighan
r i ve r , s ome 8 miles s o u t h west o f Sai g han i n Bamian pr ovi nce.
SANBULAK dY+
34-21 67-54 G. A v i l l a g e of 14 f ami l i es i n t h e Besud Hazara coun-
t r y, a bout 1 1/2 m i l e s n o r t h e a s t o f t h e D i w a l Kot Kotal.
&&3
*SANDUQ
34-6 70-42 m, A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d a bout 2 miles n o r t h o f Achi n and
10 miles s o u t h we s t o f Ghani Khel i n Nangar har pr ovi nce.
SANGANAH Or SANGUNAH &&
35-21 69-34 m; A v i l l a g e i n t h e ~ a n j &i r gl en, 6 m i l e s a bove Baza-
rak. I t c o n t a i n s 50 h o u s e s o f Taj i ks. ( hha hz a da Taimus.)
SANGANDAO
34- 68-. A k o t a l on a s o u t h e r n s p u r of t h e Koh-i-Jaolanga, t h e
we s t e r nmos t emi nence o f t h e Hi ndu Kush pr ope r . The pr ol onga t i on o f
t h i s same s p u r f o r ms t h e wa t e r s h e d o f t h e Shi bar Kotal, and t h e
Sangandao Kotal is a communi cat i on b e t we e n t h e Dara Bi r gi l i ch and
t h e Ghor band val l ey. The not i c e a bl e wh i t e c l i f f s adj oi ni ng it can b e
d i s t i n g u i s h e d e a s i l y f r om t h e Shi bar Kotal. On t h e west a d i f f i c u l t
hi l l t r a c k l e a d s t o it from t h e Kotal-i-Jalmish, and a g o o d , e a s y
road l e a d s t o it a l s o f r om Bi r gi l i ch u p t h e o p e n val l ey i n whi c h
Kala Fai z is s i t u a t e d . Th i s l a t t e r r oad coul d e a s i l y b e r e n d e r e d
pr act i cabl e f o r g u n s a s f a r a s t h e kot al ; b u t t h e d e c e n t down t h e
Dara Sangandao i n t o t h e Ghor band vaLley is d i f f i c u l t f o r a n y t h i n g
b u t pack animals. Th i s r oad is o f some i mpor t ance, a s by it t h e
Shi bar Kotal can b e t u r n e d . ( Peacocke. )
*SANGAR e &
34-16 70-39 m. A vi l l a ge l o c a t e d near Baru and s o u t h of t h e Jal al -
abad-Torkham r oad and a bout 4 m i l e s e a s t o f Sh a h i k o t i n Nangar har
pr ovi nce. Anot her p l a c e wi t h t h i s name is on t h e Kunar r i ve r , some 8
miles s o u t h we s t o f Asadabad i n Kunar pr ovi nce, a t 34-46 71-6 m.
*SANGAR KHEL &f-
34-26 69-48 m. A vi l l a ge l o c a t e d on t h e Maidan r i v e r , near Kota-i-
Ashro in Maidan pr ovi nce.
SANGAR KHEL
J+J-
34-16 69-8 m. A v i l l a g e i n t h e Logar val l ey, on t h e r i g h t bank o f
t h e r i ve r , 1/4 m i l e e a s t of Zahi dabad. The i n h a b i t a n t s a r e Ast anazai
Ghi l zai s, of whom t h e vi l l a ge c ont a i ne d 20 f ami l i es in 1880. ( Cl i f -
f o r d , Euan Smith. )
SANGAR SARAI See SANG- I -SARAI &A
A v i l l a g e wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 34-24 70-38 A. (LWA)
SANG DARA
4, J &.
34-19 66-38 G. A d e f i l e l e a di ng from Bur g, i n t h e Logar val l ey, t o
t h e Abkhor d e f i l e .
The f ol l owi ng is a r e p o r t on it by Capt ai n Gasel ee:
From 1 t o 10 miles--On l eavi ng s o u t h end o f Zargun Sh a h r cul t i va-
t i on c r o s s bar r en l e v e l pl ai n f i t f o r all ar ms, bear i ng 108 d e g r e e s .
A t 6 miles p a s s t h e vi l l a ge of Bur g, a bout 1 1/2 miles t o l e f t ,
l yi ng in l ow h i l l s unc onne c t e d wi t h r a n g e o f h i l l s t o e a s t .
10 t o 12 1/2 mi l e s - - A t about 10 m i l e s s t r i k e a t r a c k whi ch l e a d s
from t h e vi l l age of Burg, and a t 10 1/2 m i l e s t u r n s s h a r p t o t h e
nor t h i n t o t h e Sang Dara pa s s .
For t wo miles t h e t r a c k t h r o u g h t h e p a s s is easy; t h e h i l l s t o t h e
e a s t a r e about 3 m i l e s d i s t a n t , wi t h s p u r s and unde r f e a t u r e s run-
ni ng from t hem. A t a bout 1 m i l e on t h e r i g h t , i mmedi at el y a f t e r
e n t e r i n g pa s s , is t h e s m a l l haml et of Dar kot wi t h f our or five
houses.
A t a bout 1 1/2 miles t h e vi l l a ge o f Nasar ai is m e t ; about 30 houses.
Th e r e is a good d e a l of l and c ul t i va t e d i n t e r r a c e s , runni ng close
u p t o t h e s l o p e of t h e main r a n g e t o t h e e a s t .
About 1 m i l e beyond t h e vi l l a ge r e a c h a l ow kot al , or saddle-back,
by whi ch t h e main r a n g e on e a s t and s m a l l r a nge on w e s t ar e con-
n e c t e d . The h i l l s on b o t h s i d e s a r e e a s y, and u p t o t h i s point
t r o o p s would e nc ount e r no d i f f i c u l t y , and it would b e pr act i cabl e to
make a r oad f o r whe e l e d g u n s in s h o r t t i me .
12 1/2 t o 1 5 miles.--Here, howe ve r , t h e c h a r a c t e r of t h e pass
c h a n g e s , and i mmedi at el y on l eavi ng t h e kot al , t h e t r a c k descends
r a pi dl y i n t o a d e f i l e wi t h p r e c i p i t o u s ma s s e s o f bl ack r ock on both
s i d e s .
Th e s u r f a c e o f t h e r o c k is v e r y ha r d, and a t p r e s e n t t h e t r ack is so
nar r ow t h a t hor s emen can onl y p a s s s i ngl y.
Af t e r a bout 1 m i l e r e a c h t h e be d o f a nala wi t h a ver y hard stony
bot t om; t h e wi dt h o f t h i s nala is f r om 20 t o 30 ya r ds , t h e hi l l s on
b o t h s i d e s mai nt ai ni ng t h e i r p r e c i p i t o u s nat ur e.
I nf a nt r y c oul d move al ong t h e crest o f t h e h i l l s on t h e w e s t ; but it
woul d be d i f f i c u l t t o oc c upy t h o s e on t h e e a s t , a s t h e y could only
b e g a i n e d b y d e s c e n d i n g f i r s t t o t h e b e d o f t h e nal a above
men t i oned .
A t a bout 1 5 t h m i l e r e a c h t h e Abk h o r d e f i l e , whi ch r uns e a s t and west
f r om t h e Koh-i-Sultan t o t h e Sur kha o Tangi. (Gaselee. )
SANGHAR r;L
A vi l l a ge and f o r t i n t h e Kunar val l ey, on t h e l e f t bank of t he
r i ve r , a b o u t 55 miles above Jal al abad, c ont a i ni ng 100 hous es . (Mu-
hammad Amin.)
*SANG1 KHAN 3 LA
35-15 69-47 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Panj shi r i n
Kuna. pr ovi nce. Nearby is a n o t h e r vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name, l ocat ed
a t 35-14 69-41 m. (LWA)
*SANG-I-LAKHSHAN
"UL
35-13 69-17 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e Dara-i-Shotul, a t r i but a r y of t he
Pa nj s hi r r i ve r , n o r t h o f Gul bahar i n Parwan pr ovi nce.
SANG- I -MASHA
6 L L
33-8 67-27 A. A pl ai n i n t h e Ar ghandab val l ey. A vi l l age with t hi s
name is l oc a t e d a t 33-15 67-7 G. (LWA)
SANG- I -MEKH
A well-known peak i n Takht .
*SANGIN
us-
34-2 68-25 m. A vi l l a ge n o r t h we s t of t h e Katagai Ghar, near t he
vi l l a ge of Bul agh, i n Maidan pr ovi nc e .
SANGINA See KOTGAI-0-SANGINA
L5-
A v i l l a g e wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 34-14 70-20 G.
(LWA)
SANG- I -NAK
LIL &-
An e a s y kot a l c r o s s e d by t h e main Kabul-Hazarajat-Daulat Yar r oad*
' SAW INAK
34-35 67-35 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y o f t h e elma and^
near Qash and Sout h o f t h e Koh-i-Baba i n Bamian pr ovi nce. Other
pl aces wi t h t h i s name a r e l oc a t e d near Garmak and s o u t h of t h e Band-
i - ~ o a b i n Ghazni pr ovi nc e , a t 34-5 67-54 m.; on a t r i but a r y o f t h e
~um- i - Yakhak i n Bamian pr ovi nce, a t 34-29 67-24 m.; on a t r i but a r y
of t h e ~ol - i - Khe s h i n Parwan pr ovi nce, a t 34-47 68-24 m. (LWA)
G+ L
SANG-I -NAWISHTA
34- 69-. A d e f i l e 5 m i l e s s o u t h o f Kabul and e x t e n d i n g s o u t h wa r d s
f or r a t h e r more t ha n a m i l e , whe r e it d e b o u c h e s on t h e Char as i a
plain. Thr ough t h i s d e f i l e t h e Logar r i ve r r uns nor t hwa r ds . The
s i d e s of t h e g o r g e a r e pr e c i pi t ous , and it f or med an i mpor t a nt
f e a t ur e i n t h e a c t i on o f Char asi a on Si r Fr e de r i c k Rober t s ' a dva nc e
on Kabul i n Oct ober 1879.
A new b r i d g e ove r t h e Logar r i ve r was bui l t near t h e head of t h i s
gor ge i n 1904. (I.B.C.)
SANG- I-NAWISHTA See BULOLA
G+; &
SANGINIA
&
34- 68-. A l ow kot a l n o r t h we s t of t h e Unai Kotal, c r o s s e d by t h e
Kabul-Bamian r oad, from t h e haml et of Jaokul , a bout 4 miles nor t h-
west of t h e Unai, t h e r oad c r o s s e s t o t h e f a r s i d e of t h e J a okul
valley; t h e n c e it a s c e n d s t o t h e Kotal-i-Aboband ( not t o b e c o n f u s e d
wi t h t h a t of t h e same name s o u t h w e s t of Gardan D i w a l ) , t h e summit o f
whi ch is r e a c he d a t 3 3/4 mi l e s . De s c e nt is a bout a f ur l ong and a
hal f in l e n g t h and is easy. A d r y nala, 200 y a r d s wi de, is n e x t
c r o s s s e d , and t h e r e is t h e n a g e n t l e r i s e of one f ur l ong t o t h e
Kotal Sangi ni a. From h e r e t h e r oad d e s c e n d s e a s i l y f o r hal f m i l e ,
wher e it e n t e r s a narrow d e f i l e , a bout 10 ya r ds wi de, and e nc l os e d
by l o f t y c l i f f s . Af t e r 2 miles t h e d e f i l e is q u i t t e d , and t h e
Helmand c r o s s e d by an e a s y f or d. The s a r a i o f Gardan D i w a l lies
beyond t h e river. (Muhammad Akbar Khan.)
N.B. --The above d i s t a n c e s a r e pr obabl y unde r e s t i ma t e d by a bout 2
miles.
SANG- I -SARA I
U P &-
34-24 70-38 A. A l a r g e vi l l age in t h e Kama s ubdi vi s i on of t h e Jala-
l abad d i s t r i c t ; it lies on t h e l e f t bank o f t h e Kabul r i v e r , 5
miles n o r t h e a s t of Al i Boghan on t h e o t h e r bank. (Wanliss.) Re c e nt
maps s how t h e s pe l l i ng Sangar Sarai.
SANG- I -SHANDA r & k &
34-15 67-43. A l a r g e p l a i n t o t h e Sout h of Besud.
SANG-I-SHANDA r & k &-
34-15 67-43. A smal l s u b d i s t r i c t of t h e Besud count r y. The r e is
al so a vi l l age wi t h t h i s name a t 34-15 67-43 m. Anot her vi l l a ge
wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 33-2 67-30 m. (LWA)
SANG-I -SHANDA . ALL
A va l l e y i n t he Besud count r y dr a i ni ng east war d.
SANG- I -SULAKH
L
A small vi l l age in t h e Zari sub- di vi si on of t h e Yakh Walang di s -
t r i c t . 15 hous e s of Kh wajadad Takanas. (Maitland .)
SANG- I -SULAKH
A pl a c e i n t he Hazara count r y.
SANG-I-SULAKH eYr &
33- 69-. A small f o r t in t h e Logar val l ey, some 7 m i l e s s o u t h o f
pat kao-i -Shahana, t o t h e n o r t h of Aucha Khan. The r e a r e onl y f our or
f i v e h o u s e s of Ahmadzai s i n t h e f o r t , b u t i n s p r i n g it is a favour-
ite r e s o r t , f o r s i x we e ks , of Kuchi s from Zurmat, pr i nci pal l y Gabar
Mangals, who br i ng t h e i r camel s and
s h e e p h e r e t o gr aze. Ther e is a
f i ne s pr i ng of water r ushi ng from t h e hi l l si de, which a f f or ds a good
s u p p l y a t al l s e a s ons . (I.B.C.)
SANG-I-SURAKH c\ , , - L
34-28 68-32 m. A t a ga o dr a i ni ng s o u t h i n t o t h e Kirman val l ey, which
it j oi ns a t 1 m i l e e a s t o f Komaghai vi l l age. It is onl y about 50
y a r d s wi de a t its mout h b u t 1/4 m i l e h i g h e r up it o p e n s out t o form
a chaman a bout 300 y a r d s s q u a r e wi t h e x c e l l e n t gr azi ng. There i s
a l s o p l e n t i f u l camel gr a z i ng i n t h e f or m of a s m a l l pl ant , somewhat
l i k e a t h i s t l e , known a s Khar-Safed.
A r oad r u n s u p t h i s t agao and
j oi ns t h e Bamian r oad near Si a kkha gi . (Wanliss. ) The r e is al so a
vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name a t t h e a bove l ocat i on. (LWA)
*SANG-I-TAWUS Y& &-
34-59 67-55 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d e a s t o f Kangur on a t r i but ar y of
t h e Shi ka r i Dara i n Bamian pr ovi nce.
SANE I -ZARD a i &
34-35 66-2 A. A vi l l a ge in t h e Sar-i -Jangal val l ey, 17 miles above
Daulat Y a r .
SANGLAKH +-
34-32 68-40 A. The Sa ngl a kh r a n g e may b e s ai d t o have its origin
near t h e j unc t i on of t h e Hi ndu Kush and t h e Koh-i-Baba and is really
an o f f s h o o t of t h e f or mer r unni ng i n a g e n e r a l s out hwe s t e r l y di rec-
t i on and di vi di ng t h e Kabul r i v e r bas i n f r om t h a t of t h e Helmand. I t
is of t h e utmost importance in consi der i ng t h e physi cal geography of
Af ghani s t an, a s it f or ms t h e l i nk whi c h c o n n e c t s t h e Sa f e d Koh (and
c o n s e q u e n t l y t h e Sulaiman mount ai ns al s o) wi t h t h e main Hindu Kush
r a nge , whi ch is, i n t ur n, an o f s h o o t f r om t h e g r e a t c e nt r a l upland
o f Asia known a s t h e Pamirs.
I mmedi at el y a f t e r l eavi ng t h e Hi ndu Kush, t h e Sangl akh r ange t hr ows
o f f an i mpor t a nt s p u r known a s t h e Paghman r a nge whi ch r uns in a
nor t her n di r ect i on and forms t h e wat er shed bet ween t h e Ghorband and
Shakar Dara t r i b u t a r i e s o f t h e Pa nj s hi r r i ver . I t over hangs t h e
w e s t of t h e Koh Daman pl ai n, n o r t h o f Kabul, and on its east er n
s l o p e s is s i t u a t e d a summer pal ace o f t h e Ami r . I t is c r os s e d by
t h e Par sa, Kachan (12, 000 f e e t ) , I s t a l i f and Si nj i t kot a l s a s we11
a s by o t h e r s of mi nor i mpor t ance. The h i g h e s t peak i n t h i s r ange is
known a s t h e Takht-i-Turkoman which r eaches a hei ght of 15, 447 f eet *
Th e SangLakh r a nge p r o p e r onl y e x t e n d s a s f a r a s t h e Unai pass,
a f t e r c r o s s i n g whi c h it r e s o l v e s i t s e l f i n t o t wo br a nc he s whi ch, at
f i r s t , may be s ai d t o r un e a s t and west. Bet ween its poi nt s of
or i gi n and t h e Unai p a s s it is c r o s s e d by no p a s s of any importance
e x c e p t , p e r h a p s , t h e Kotal-i-Baghar, a bout 6 m i l e s nor t h of t h e Unai
Pa s s , whi c h, t h o u g h d i f f i c u l t i n p l a c e s e ve n f o r s i n g l e horsemen is
o f val ue a s a f f o r d i n g a means o f c ompl e t e l y t ur ni ng t h e Unai Pass
i t s e l f . The e l e va t i on a t t h e c r e s t of t h e Kotal-i-Baghar is over
11, 000 f e e t .
Sout h of t h e Unai p a s s , t a ki ng f i r s t t h e we s t e r n o f t h e t wo br anches
ment i oned above, w e f i n d it known a t f i r s t a s t h e ~ul and- i - Kash and#
as s u c h , r unni ng i n a s out h- we s t e r l y di r e c t i on and s epar at i ng the
Badasi a pl ai n from t h e Kajao t agao. ~t t h e n , unde r t h e name of KOh-
i-Daman, t u r n s al mos t d u e w e s t a s f a r a s t h e Sur kh Sang kot al where
it is c r o s s e d by t h e Ghazni-Bamian r oad. Here is t u r n s 8out heast
a nd, e nc i r c l i ng t h e h e a d wa t e r s o f t h e t o g a r r i ve r and s epar at i ng its
basi n from t h a t of t h e Ghazni r i ve r , r e a c h e s t h e main Kabul-Ghazni
road, whe r e it is c r o s s e d by t h e She r Dahan kot a l at an e l e va t i on o f
8,500 f e e t . From h e r e it t u r n s al most d u e e a s t f o r about 30 miles
t o t h e Altimur p a s s (9, 600 f e e t ) whence unde r t h e name of t h e
Machalgu hi l l s , it t u r n s n o r t h e a s t t o t h e Shut a r Gardan pa s s , t h u s
compl et i ng t h e c one c t i on wi t h t h e Sulaiman mount ai n s ys t em.
TO r e t ur n t o t h e poi nt of di vi s i on of t h e main r a nge s o u t h of t h e
unai pas s ; t h e e a s t e r n br anch r e f e r r e d t o i n pa r a gr a ph 3 above r u n s
i n a ge ne r a l s o u t h e a s t e r l y d i r e c t i o n f o r a d i s t a n c e of a bout 25
miles f or mi ng t h e wa t e r s he d be t we e n t h e Khawat and u p p e r Kabul
r i ver s. It is c r o s s e d by t h e Tawa Kotal and t e r mi na t e s i n a peak,
13, 067 f e e t hi gh, i mmedi at el y above t h e vi l l age of Beni Badam on t h e
main Kabul-Kandahar r oad. A t about 1 5 m i l e s s o u t h e a s t o f t h e Unai
p a s s it t h r o w s o f f t o t h e n o r t h a n i mp o r t a n t s p u r c a l l e d t h e
Sadmarda r ange, whi ch, cur vi ng r ound t o t h e e a s t , d i v i d e s t h e u p p e r
Kabul r i ve r from its t r i but a r y t h e Pai nda Khel Ni r kh and t e r mi na t e s ,
j us t t o t h e w e s t of t h e j unct i on of t h e t wo, i n a peak known a s t h e
Koh-i-Beg; t h e h e i g h t o f t h e Koh-i-Beg is 10, 184 f e e t . Here, on t h e
nor t he r n s l o p e s , is a whi t e marbl e qua r r y from whi c h is obt ai ned all
t h e whi t e marble us e d i n t h e Kabul wor ks hops . (I.B.C.)
*SANGLAKH i ) ( ZL
34-49 69-6 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a f e w miles e a s t of I s t a l i f and
s out h of Mahala i n Kabul pr ovi nce.
SANGLAKH DARA
4, J $6-
34-29 68-37. A t r i but a r y of t h e Kabul r i ve r whi ch, r i s i ng i n t h e
Sangl akh r ange, f l o ws s o u t h - s o u t h we s t and, a f t e r a c o u r s e o f a bout
20 miles j oi ns t h e Kabul r i ve r a t Jal r ez. I t is s pa nne d i mmedi at el y
above t h i s j unct i on by a wooden br i dge , 20 f e e t l ong and 12 f e e t
br oad, over whi ch g o e s t h e main Kabul-Herat r oad. A t t h e poi nt o f
j unct i on t h e Sangl akh c ont a i ns a l a r g e r volume of wat er t h a n t h e
Kabul r i ver , bei ng h e r e (i n July) 20 f e e t br oad and 2 f e e t d e e p .
The Sangl akh val l ey is sai d t o be e x c e e d i n g l y f e r t i l e . (Wanliss. )
SANG NISHANDEH
A d i s t r i c t i n t h e Hazar aj at .
SANGOTA &&
34- 69-. A vi l l a ge in t h e Hi sarak di vi s i on o f t h e Jal al abad di s -
trict, about 1/2 m i l e s o u t h we s t of Marhez. I nhabi t ant s : Shi nwar i s.
(Jenkyns . )
SANGPAR See KHAWAK 6
SANGRA ( f d&) 4 s
A pl ace ment i oned by Leech i n a r o u t e from Jal al abad t o Kashkar , 216
miles from Jal al abad, on t h e r i ve r Al i ngar, 114 miles f or m Kashkar ,
on t h e o t h e r s i d e of a snowy p a s s and cont ai ni ng 6, 000 h o u s e s of
Kafi rs. (Leech. )
SANG SURAKHI &IF L
34- 68-. A p a s s in t h e u p p e r Helmand val l ey over a we s t e r n s p u r of
t h e Paghman range.
SANG TODA 4 +&
34- 69-. A pl a c e on t h e r oad be t we e n Jagdal ak and Kata Sang, 5
miles from t h e f or mer . Here t h e Pari Dara t r a c k j oi ns t h e h i g h r oad
t o Kabul. A s its name i mpl i es, Sang Toda is a cai r n of s t ones , some
a nc i e nt l andmark. The r e a r e no habi t at i ons i n t h e nei g hbourhood.
(Thompson, Young .)
SANGU KHEL LIP&
A s ubdi vi s i on of t h e Shi nwar i s. A vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is located
a t 34-9 70-49 G. (LWA)
*SANGUNA &,L
35-21 69-34 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e Panj shi r r i ver , about 8
m i l e s s o u t h we s t of Zenia i n Kapisa pr ovi nce.
SANJAN "k
35-9 69-22 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e daman of t h e hi l l s nor t heast of
Char i kar . 150 h o u s e s of Taj i ks. ( Shahzada Taimus.)
SANJIT DARA C,J c;?sl
A vi l l age in t h e Koh Daman of Kabul 30 m i l e s nor t h of Kabul. I t i s
s i t ua t e d on t h e ba nks of a r i vul e t , and is s ur r ounde d wi t h gardens.
The s o i l ar ound is t o o r oc ky t o be t ur ne d t o g r e a t pr of i t , and
p r e v e n t s t h e cul t i vat i on of t h e vi ne t o any e xt e nt . The or char ds
a r e pr i nci pal l y s t o c k e d wi t h mul ber r y and wal nut - t r ees. (Masson.)
Shahzada Taimus g i v e s t h e popul at i on of "Si nj i t Dara" on t h e daman
of t h e Paghman r ange, a s 1, 000 f ami l i es of Taj i ks.
S A 0 9'-
35-10 71-28 A. A vi l l age in t h e Khugi ani count r y, on t h e r i ght
bank of t h e Sur khab r i ver , 5 m i l e s w e s t o f Gandamak. The inhabi-
t a n t s a r e Maruf Khel Ghi l zai s. (MacNair.)
SAO 9'-
A vi l l age of Laghman, a c c or di ng t o Warburton, whose i nhabi t ant s in
1880 were Kohi st ani s.
The pe opl e a r e sai d t o be Nimcha Kafi rs. (Warburton, I.B.C.)
SAO Or SAW )'-
35-10 71-28 m. A f o r t and s m a l l haml et on t h e l e f t bank of t he
Kunar r i ve r , about 14 miles below Arnawai, and 89 miles from Jalal-
abad. The f o r t a p p e a r s t o be a s t r ong pl ace, 80 ya r ds squar e, with
w a l l s about 20 f e e t hi gh and s e ve r a l t ower s . Ther e is a wooden
b r i d g e over t h e Kunar r i ve r a t Sao; t h e r oadway is onl y about 3 Or 4
f e e t wide and. t h e br i dge sways considerably. Horses and mul es can be
l e d over it, i f qui e t , but it is i mpos s i bl e f o r camels. Ther e is a
c ons i de r a bl e amount of cul t i vat i on t o t h e nor t h of Sao. (I.B.C.)
SAOKAD
jir
A vi l l age in t h e Alingar val l ey, 136 miles from Jal al abad, on a road
t o Kashkar. I t is sai d t o c o n s i s t of 5,000 hous e s of r ~a ni e r ba f a r s . "
(Leech. )
SAOROSU PP
34-29 67-22 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d near Diwal, nor t h of Chaharband, in
Bamian pr ovi nce.
*SAOSAHG L r
34-31 67-44 m.
A vi l l age l oc a t e d on t h e Dara-i-Zirtag, a t ri but ary
o f t h e Hel mand, and s o u t h o f t h e oh-i-sar-i-~har in ~a mi a n
prov i nce.
SAOSANG LP
34-48 69-8 G. A vi l l age sai d t o be about 4 m i l e s t o t h e nor t he a s t
of I s t al i f . About 100 hous e s of Daudzai Ghi l zai s. Water from t h e
1st al i f canal and al s o from kar ez; much cul t i vat i on. The i nhabi -
t a nt s a r e camel - br eeder s, and hi r e t h e i r animals o u t on an e x t e n s i v e
s c a l e . (I.B.C.)
SAOSANG Lp
A pl ace in t h e J a ghur i Hazara c ount r y i nhabi t ed by t h e Haidar sec-
t i on. (I.B.C.)
SAOZAK
3jr-
35- 69-. A s m a l l vi l l age on daman of t h e Paghman r ange, 4 1/2 miles
nor t he a s t of Char i kar . (Maitland .)
d j p
SAOZAK
34-53 67-39 m. A vi l l age i n t h e Bamian val l ey, 1 m i l e bel ow Pul-i-
Faringi. 1 5 hous e s of Besud Hazaras. (Sahi bdad Khan.)
SAOZAL &P
34- 67-. A vi l l age of 15 h o u s e s in Yakh Walang, 3 m i l e s up t h e
Tabarg han Kol. (Muhammad Akbar Khan.)
SAOZ-I-KAH SEPAI
A sub-sect i on of t h e Besud Hazaras.
*SAPIBUM t w
34-8 67-12 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a t r i but ar y of t h e Helmand,
e a s t of Shahi i n Bamian pr ovi nce.
SAPRI Or TSAPARAY (d) &-
33-55 69-43 m. A vi l l age in Hariob, 4 miles s out h of Al i Khel, o r
about 5 1/2 miles by t h e Karmana r out e. I t is s i t ua t e d on an ele-
vat ed pl at eau, and is a ppr oa c he d from t h e Hazar dar akht st r eam a t
Karmana by a narrow gl en, t hi c kl y wooded wi t h pi ne trees. The vil-
l a ge gi ve s its name t o t h i s d e f i l e and a l s o t o a pa s s t o its e a s t
l eadi ng i nt o t h e Kurram val l ey, whi ch is uns ui t ed f o r t h e pa s s a ge of
convoys, or t r o o p s wi t h camel car r i age. I nf ant r y and mountain guns
could t r a ve r s e t h i s r out e, a l t hough t h e nat ur al f e a t u r e s would make
it d i f f i c u l t t o f o r c e a pas s age, i f t h e d e f i l e were hel d by an
enemy.
On t h e 13t h December 1878, Si r Fr e de r i c Rober t s, marchi ng from Al i
Khel t owar ds Kurram, had h i s rear-guard a t t a c ke d by a mi xed body of
Mangals and J aj i s (and some f ugi t i ve s from t h e Af ghan army d e f e a t e d
a t t h e Paiwar Kotal on t h e s econd of t h e mont h) in de s c e ndi ng t h e
s out he r n s l ope of t h i s pass. On t h a t occasi on Capt ai ns Goad and
Powell wer e mortally wounded, and 3 s e poys were ki l l ed and 11
wounded of t h e 5t h Gur khas. The enemy was, however , dr i ven o f f
wi t hout t h e l o s s of any of our baggage or t r a n s p o r t animals. (Cane,
I.B.C.)
SARAB C.P I
33-11 67-34 m. A vi l l age in t h e Nawa-i-Khodaidad, nor t he a s t of
Jaghur i i n Ghazni pr ovi nce. Anot her pl ace wi t h t h i s name is near
Belandi in Ghazni, a t 33-3 67-38 m.
SARACHA 4,-
34-22 70-32 G. A vi l l age in t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t , 5 1/2 m i l e s
e a s t of Jalalabad. I t cont ai ns from 60 f ami l i es of Taj i ks pos s e s s i ng
(in 1904) about 140 head of c a t t l e . The annual pr oduct i on of wheat
and bar l ey a t Sar acha a ve r a ge s about 3,000 I ndi an maunds.
(Wanliss.)
SARAFSAR A'p
33-7 68-54 G. A l a r g e g r o u p of vi l l a ge s i n t h e Kharoti Ghilzai
count r y, about 22 m i l e s nor t h w e s t of Urgun and 8 miles nor t hwest of
t h e Kotauni Narai. I t c ont a i ns a bout 800 hous e s of Kharoti and
sulaiman Khel Ghi l zai s. The r e is much cul t i vat i on round about, and
wat er and s u p p l i e s of a l l s o r t s a r e avai l abl e, a s is al so a large
amount of camel t r a ns por t . Sar af s ar is t h e s e c ond s t a g e on a route
from Urgun to Gardez and her e anot her r out e branches of f which forms
a d i r e c t r out e from Urgun t o Ghazni. Sar af s ar is al s o known as
Saraf zai, Shah Sar uf , Sar f ar az and Sar up Sher . (I.B.C.)
SARAFZA I See SARAFSAR
d',
SARA I 6 ' ~
34- 69-. A l a r g e vi l l age i n t h e Koh Daman, about 20 miles north of
Kabul, on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Shakar Dara, and i nhabi t ed principal-
l y by Hi ndus. (Masson.)
* SARA I 6 ' ~
34-52 69-49 m. A vi l l age near Kunda and e a s t - nor t he a s t of Tagab i n
Kapisa pr ovi nce.
SARAJ $P
34-57 69-48 G . A dar a de s c e ndi ng s o u t h and j oi ni ng t h e Ghorband
val l ey 11 m i l e s above Chahar deh. A pa t h l e a d s up it t o t h e Band-i-
Wareandan; but it is little us e d and little known. (Peacocke. )
SARA KALA UJ 4~
33-59 69-25 G. A hal t i ng- pl ace on t h e Gandamak t o Basawal road,
a b o u t 8 1/2 miles e a s t o f t h e f or me r . Wat er is p l e n t i f u l from
s p r i n g s i n a r avi ne 1/2 m i l e t o t h e w e s t ; s upl i e s , and al so a good
number of camel s, a r e pr ocur abl e from t h e vi l l a ge s of Argach, one
mi l e t o t h e n o r t h a nd Kaja, o r Kaggu, 2 miles t o t h e s out h.
( I .B.C.)
SARANDI A
L A',-
34-19 69-53 G. A vi l l age on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Sur khab river, 8
miles west o f Gandamak and 1 1/2 miles s o u t h we s t of t h e Surkhpul
b r i d g e . (I.B.C.)
* SARA0
J'F
34-13 69-54 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d about 3 m i l e s s out he a s t of Jakan
i n Nangarhar pr ovi nce. Anot her pl ace wi t h t h i s name is near Amrot
nor t h of t h e Dasht-i-Nawer in Ghazni pr ovi nce.
SARASI A
4 L'r
34- 69-. A vi l l age i n t h e Char deh val l ey,
on t h e l e f t bank of t he
Kabul r i ve r , be t we e n Thiba and Ri sh k hor. I t has 10 small f o r t s round
t h e pl ace, whi ch c ont a i ns 120 h o u s e s of Taj i ks.
The f o r t s a r e a s f ol l ows:
1. Kala-i-Shamsud-din Khan ( Bar akzai )
2. Kala-i-Mirza Aha d Khan (Bal uch)
3. Kala-i-Mir za Ghulam Sadi k (Baluch)
4. Kala-i-Khwaja Khan ( Ta j i k)
5. Kala-i-Malik Taj ( Ta j i k)
6. Kala-i-Nur Gu l ( Ta j i k)
7. Kala- i-Ha j i Muhamnad (Ta j i k)
8. Rala-i-Mahmud
9. Kal a-i -Mi r Akhor Kasim ( Ba r a kz a i )
10. Kal a-i -Khwaj a Ah a d ( Ta j i k ) . (I.B.C.)
SARAT GI,.
35- 71-. A Kam v i l l a g e o f Ka f i r i s t a n, s i t u a t e d on t h e Sa r a t gul ,
whi ch t o r r e n t f a l l s i n t o t h e Ba s h g u l t h r o u g h its l e f t bank. 40
h o u s e s . P a t h s l e a d f r o m S a r a t t o t h e P i t t i g u l a n d i n t o a l l t h e
nei g hbour i ng g u l s . ( Rober t s on. )
SARAZ
A s e c t i o n o f t h e Sul ai man Khel .
SARAZGHUMI See BIRMAL u h ' ~
*SARBAND Lr
34-29 67-47 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d on a t r i b u t a r y o f t h e Hel mand,
n o r t h we s t o f Be h s u d i n Bamian pr ovi nc e . Ot h e r p l a c e s wi t h t h i s name
a r e l o c a t e d on t h e Kunar r i v e r a c r o s s f r om Ch a p e r i and n o r t h e a s t o f
Shewa i n Nangar har p r o v i n c e , a t 34-36 70-44 m; on t h e Kabul r i v e r ,
o n e m i l e n o r t h we s t o f Loya Daka i n Nangar har p r o v i n c e a t 34-13 71-2
m.
SARBULAK u y ~
34-36 67-24 A. Two s m a l l v i l l a g e s i n t h e Yak Walang d i s t r i c t ,
s i t u a t e d i n t h e Dara Al i ; 40 h o u s e s o f Sa y y i d s a nd Neka Hazar as.
(A.B.C.)
*SARBULAQ u IP!
34-53 68-47 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d on a t r i b u t a r y o f t h e Ghor band,
west of t h e Koh-i-Yakhdara i n Parwan provi nce.
SARDARA 6~ &P
35-54 66-1 A. A p a s s o v e r t h e Hi ndu Kus h, l y i n g a t t h e he a d o f t h e
Salang val l ey bet ween t h e Bajgah p a s s on t h e w e s t and t h e Arzu p a s s
o n t h e e a s t . I t is c r o s s e d b y a r o a d l e a d i n g i n t o t h e Kh i n j a n
val l ey, a t a b o u t 27 m i l e s n o r t h o f Cha r i ka r . Th e a s c e n t f r om t h e
s o u t h is e x c e e d i n g l y s t e e p a nd is d i f f i c u l t e v e n f o r yabus ; t h e
d e s c e n t on t h e n o r t h e r n s i d e is i mpa s s a bl e f o r ani mal s o f a ny d e s -
c r i p t i o n owi ng t o a c l i f f wh i c h h a s t o b e cl amber ed down. (I.B.C.)
SARDAR MUHAMMAD AMIN KHAN Ji M\ ~, Lp
A f o r t in t h e Char deh valley, bet ween Gaokhana and Deh-i-Mozang.
SARDEH 6 >P
A d i v i s i o n o f Zurmat . r t is a nar r ow s t r i p b e t we e n t h e l o we r e n d o f
Takr i and t h e h i l l Spi ns a k. It h a s s e v e n o r e i g h t f o r t s o f Andar i s ,
c ompr i s i ng a b o u t 1, 000 s o u l s . Th e g r o u n d is c o v e r e d wi t h t amar i s k
b u s h e s , and c u t u p b y a r a vi ne r unni ng i n t o t h e J i l gu. Op p o s i t e
Mursal t h e r e is an e a s y p a s s i n t o S h i l g h a r o v e r t h e l o we r e n d o f
Takr i ; t h e r e a r e o t h e r s l o we r down; a g u i d e can s h o w s e v e r a l e a s y
p a s s a g e s t h r o u g h t h e r a vi ne s . (Broad f oot . )
SAR DEHI U. ' F
A small t r i b e , i n h a b i t i n g S a r d e h , s o u t h e a s t o f Ghazni . Th e y a r e
Taj i ks . ( El phi ns t one . )
SAREGUL JP
35- 71-. A haml et i n t h e Kunar val l ey, s i t u a t e d near t h e mout h o f a
br anch val l ey wh o s e stream f a l l s i n t o t h e Nari t o r r e n t a b o u t 3 miles
a bove Nari f o r t . ( Rober t s on. )
SARFARAZ See SARAFSAR
jri,
A v i l l a g e wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 32-56 68-2 G.
(LwA)
SARG I N
A s e c t i o n of t h e D a i Kundis.
SARGO SF
A d e f i l e 80 m i l e s s o u t h e a s t of Ghazni and 60 m i l e s from t h e ~ot al - i -
Sar wandi ove r t h e Sulaiman r ange. I t commences 11 miles from Kala-i-
Langar , and is a r avi ne c u t by wat er down t h e w e s t o f t h e range,
wi ndi ng i n e a s y c ur ve s . Its wi d t h is ne ve r less t h a n 30 yar ds, and
is o f t e n 100. The a s c e n t is s c a r c e l y p e r c e p t i b l e , and t h e hi l l s on
e i t h e r s i d e a r e e a s i l y a s c e n d e d ; t h e bot t om is somet i mes r ough and
heavy, b u t t wo hour s ' wor k would make it an e x c e l l e n t road. There
a r e some s c a t t e r e d h u t s o f Tokhi Ghi l zai s near ,
s t a ndi ng in hamlets
o f 20 and 30 i n t h e mi ds t o f cul t i vat i on. (Broad foot . )
SAR GOZAR J ~ P
35-1 68-41 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a f e w m i l e s s o u t h of Otapur and
nor t h of t h e Ghorband in Parwan province.
SARHAWZA +J-
33-3 69-2. Sar hawza is an a l a qa da r i i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce. The alaqa-
d a r i c o mp r i s e s an a r e a o f 725 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s and has an agricul-
t u r a l popul a t i on t h a t h a s be e n e s t i ma t e d a t from 11, 115 t o 16,760.
The a l a qa da r i is bounde d i n t h e w e s t by Shar an and Omna, i n t he
n o r t h by Mota Khan and Orma, on t h e e a s t by Neka and Urgun, and on
t h e s o u t h by Sar obi and Gomal. Sar hawza h a s a bout 14 vi l l ages, 5 of
whi c h ha ve more t h a n 500 i nha bi t a nt s . The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d in t he
PG a s f ol l ows : Sul t ani , Saraw za, Mazak (Marzak), Sur kot , Liyaki
(Layaki ) , Goral d d i n (Kulald di n) , Kazha kai , Shah Turai, Mir Darang
(Maydanak), Sundur Khel, Tab Dobi, Madokat s, Jabar QaLa, and Qatari.
SAR-I-AB
T
L. r
A g l e n i n t h e Bes ud count r y. A vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is l ocat ed at
33-36 68-2 A. (LWA)
SAR- I -AB
T
L. P
33-36 68-2 A. A stream which appear s t o have its sour ce in ~uhammad
Kh waja Hazara c ount r y.
*SAR-I-AOPUSH GJO'P
34-46 68-21 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y o f t h e Qol - i - ~hesh,
a few mi l e s nor t hwes t of Khurdakza in Parwan province.
SAR-I-ASIA
b',
35-33 67-34 A. A v u a g e o f 20 Tajik h o u s e s i n t h e ~ a mi a n valley*
(A.B.C.)
*SAR-I-BID
*
33-59 67-47 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a st r eam in nor t he r n Ghazni
Pr ovi nce. Anot her pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d on t h e hil la-i-
Tabj oi , n o r t h e a s t o f Qabjoi in Ghazni pr ovi nce, a t 33-10 67-13 m*
SAR-I-BULAK dY?V
34- 68-. A l a r q e vi l l aqe in t h e Bamian d i s t r i c t , pas s ed on t h e
r oad l e a di ng fro; t h e ~ o b a r a t o t h e Jal mi sh Kotal. ( ~e a c oc ke . )
SAR-I-BULAK ~ l s o See SARBULAK u Y w
34- 67-. A s m a l l d i s t r i c t i n t h e n o r t h we s t o f t h e Be s ud c o u n t r y .
SAR-I-BULAK-I-TARGAI J.. dYp?
34- 67-. An i mp o r t a n t s t r e a m i n Be s ud d r a i n i n g i n t o t h e Khawas,
whi ch i n t u r n f l o ws i n t o t h e Hel mand.
SAR- I -BUM t pp
35-33 67-14 m. A v i l l a g e i n t h e Dai Zangi c o u n t r y . Th e v i l l a g e is
on t h e Dai mi r dad, a b o u t 8 m i l e s n o r t h o f S a f i d k h a k . (LWA)
*SAR-I-CHAL See KALU &P
A v i l l a g e wi t h t h i s name is a b o u t 2 miles s o u t h e a s t o f S h a s h Bur j a,
Bamian p r o v i n c e , a t 34-39.
SAR- I -CHASHMA '-+P
34-25 68-31. A va l l e y a t t h e he a d o f t h e Kabul r i v e r , r u n n i n g
e a s t wa r d s f r om t h e Unai p a s s and i n c l u d e d , f o r p u r p o s e s o f admi ni s -
t r a t i on, etc., i n t h e Maidan d i s t r i c t . Th e Sar-i -Chashma, a s a l s o
t h e Dara-i-Bag ha r and o t h e r s i d e v a l l e y s d r a i n i n g i n t o it, is i nhab-
i t e d by Tai mur i s, t h i s b e i n g t h e onl y p a r t o f t h e Kabul p r o v i n c e
wh e r e any member s o f t h i s t r i b e a r e t o b e f o u n d . The y a r e s a i d t o
ha ve b e e n l o c a t e d h e r e f o r o v e r 200 y e a r s and number a b o u t 600
f ami l i es . Th e i r headman is ( 1904) Daul at Muhammad; t h i s man was
f or me r l y a p a r t i s a n o f Ami r S h e r A l i and f o r s ome t i m e a f t e r t h e
a c c e s s i o n o f Abdur Rahman l i v e d as a r e f u g e e i n Qu e t t a , b u t was
s u b s e q u e n t l y p e r mi t t e d t o r e t u r n t o h i s n a t i v e c o u n t r y . About 1904
h i s onl y s o n was mu r d e r e d b y a Ghi l z a i a s t h e r e s u l t o f a q u a r r e l
a n d h e wa s u n a b l e , a t a n y r a t e f o r a l o n g t i m e , t o o b t a i n a n y
r e d r e s s . It is t h e r e f o r e n o t u n l i k e l y t h a t h e may be d i s a f f e c t e d
t o wa r d s t h e p r e s e n t A m i r Habi bul l a. H e can t a l k Hi ndus t ani .
The val l ey is s t u d d e d wi t h v i l l a g e s t h e h o u s e s of wh i c h a r e s u b s t a n -
t i a l l y b u i l t , g i v i n g t o t h e wh o l e n e i g h b o u r h o o d a n a i r o f
p r o s p e r i t y . Th e r i v e r b a n k s a r e l i n e d wi t h p o p l a r s and t h e wh o l e o f
t h e val l ey is r i c h l y c u l t i v a t e d . Not an i n c h o f l and is e v e r l e f t
f al l ow and a s t r i c t l y s c i e n t i f i c r o t a t i o n o f c r o p s is p r a c t i s e d ,
c l o v e r o r b e a n s b e i n g a l wa ys i n t e r p o l a t e d b e t we e n t wo c r o p s o f c o r n ,
t o al l ow t h e l and t o r e c u p e r a t e . Th e p r i n c i p a l c r o p s a r e wh e a t a nd
bar l ey b e s i d e s wh i c h r e d c l o v e r , s h a f t a l (a ki nd o f l u c e r n e ) a n d
h o r s e b e a n s a r e l a r g e l y gr own. Th e f l o u r o f t h e s e b e a n s is mi xe d
wi t h wh e a t f l o u r and e a t e n b y t h e p o o r e r c l a s s e s .
A t Sar-i -Chashma v i l l a g e t h e main va l l e y is j oi ne d b y t h e Dara-i-
Das t gi n f r om t h e s o u t h and by t h e Dara-i-Bag ha r f r om t h e n o r t h , b o t h
of whi c h c o n t a i n ( i n J ul y) a c e r t a i n amount o f wat er . Th e va l l e y a t
t h i s p o i n t is a b o u t 3 miles a c r o s s . ( Wanl i s s , Dobbs.) A v i l l a g e
wi t h t h i s name is s o u t h e a s t o f J al i z, a t 34-25 68- 31 m.
SAR-I-CHASHMA '-+P
34-25 68-31 m. El evat i on 8, 850 f e e t . ( Al so c a l l e d Hauz-i-Mahya, f r om
some t a n k s c l o s e by wh i c h a r e f e d b y c o p i o u s s p r i n g s and c o n t a i n
s ome l a r g e f i s h. )
A v i l l a g e wi t h a s a r a i i n t h e va l l e y o f t h e s ame name a b o u t 8 1/2
miles e a s t o f t h e Unai pa s s . Th e v i l l a g e c o n t a i n s a b o u t 1 0 0 fami-
lies o f Tai muri s; headman ( 1904) Daul at Muhammad. Th e i n h a b i t a n t s
P o s s e s s 150 he a d o f cattle and 200 g o a t s . Th e annual p r o d u c t i o n o f
whe a t and b a r l e y a v e r a g e s a b o u t 1, 650 I ndi an maunds . I t woul d b e
d i f f i c u l t t o f i n d a g o o d campi ng g r o u n d h e r e a s ne a r l y a l l t h e
gr ound is u n d e r c u l t i v a t i o n b u t , b y s c a t t e r i n g u n i t s , room c oul d b e
f ound f o r a b r i g a d e o f i n f a n t r y . S u p p l i e s are obt a i na bl e i n f a i r l y
l a r g e qua nt i t i e s and l uc e r ne is ve r y pl ent i f ul . Ther e is an ample
wat er - suppl y from t h e r i ver . (Wanliss.) A vi l l age wi t h t h i s name
is near Qala-i-Hasht, Behs ud, a t 34-10 67-49 G.
SAR-I-CHASHMA
+P
32- 67-. A vi l l age bet ween Oba and Mukur, near whi ch is t h e source
of t h e Tarnak r i ver . (Masson.)
SAR-I-CHASHMA
* P
33- 68-. A Besud Hazara v i l l a g e i n t h e Sar-i-Ab gl en.
SAR-I-DARIA 'VJP
A pl a c e in Nawar. A pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is about 50 m i l e s nort hwest
of ~ h a z n i , a t 33-47 67-50 G. (LWA)
SAR-I-GARMAO J' $P
In t h e Besud count r y; 150 f ami l i es of t h e J i r gha i sect i on. (A.B.C.)
SAR-I-JANGAL &P
34-33 66-23 m. I t h a s its r i s e a t Kasim A l i Beg, wher e t he r e is a
l a r g e s pr i ng. One of t h e t wo s t r e a ms whi ch form t h e head of waters
of t h e Hari Rud, t h e La1 bei ng t h e ot he r . I t r uns in a westerly
di r e c t i on from t h e Roghani Gardan Kotal, and a f t e r a c our s e of about
70 m i l e s j oi ns t h e La1 about 9 m i l e s below Daulat Yar. The upper
p a r t o f t h e v a l l e y is c a l l e d Garmao, Sar - i - Jangal p r o p e r being
c ons i de r e d t o begi n a t Kh waja J os h. Bet ween t h e l a t t e r place and
Daulat Yar t h e val l ey ha s not been e xpl or e d, b u t a road is said t o
c ont i nue down i t t o Daulat Yar. Fur t he r i nf or mat i on is given under
"Dai Zangi." (A.B.C.)
SAR-I-JULGAI RAOTI ~ J J %
SAR-I-KEJAK See KEJAK a,-
A vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is n o r t h we s t of Mushak, a t 34-29 67-30 m.
SAR-I-KHAWAT See KHAWAT (G\+ ,.+ ) &+J-
34-4 67-59 m. Recent maps show t h e name Shahr-i-Khawat. (LWA)
SAR- I -KOL &P
34-39 67-9 m. A gl e n r unni ng down nor t h from t h e Koh-i-Baba t o t he
Band-i-Amir val l ey near Fi rozbahar. A road l e a d s up it f o r t h e Khak-
i - Chagi r Kotal, and s o t o Tagao Barg and Panjao. A second road r u n s
by Siah Bumak t o t h e Gul-i-Robat pas s . For de t a f i of vi l l ages,
see "Bamian ( d i s t r i c t ) .I'
SARI KOT
+SF
A vi l l age on t h e road from Bel ut t o Jalalabad by t h e Lakarai passt
s i t ua t e d on t h e nor t he r n s l o p e of t h e l a t t e r , on a t r i but ar y of t he
Sur khab r i ver . I nhabi t ant s: Manqals. (I.B.C.)
SAR-I-NASAR
+f-
34-30 70-13.
A vi l l age in t h e Laghman d i s t r i c t , on t h e r i g h t bank
of t h e Kabul r i ve r , 10 miles w e s t of t h e Darunta pass. ~t s t ands a t
t h e f o o t of a l ow, s t ony s p u r from t h e Siah Koh r ange, which would
if hel d pr ove a f or mi dabl e obs t acl e, a s it is i mpossi bl e t o t urn i t
by t h e r i ver - s i de and d i f f i c u l t t o t ur n it t o t h e s out h. The vi l l age
i t s e l f is s m a l l and open, wi t hout t ower s . (Young.)
SAR-I-RWL See KOH-I-SHAITUS
&IW
SAR-I -SANG LP
34- 68-. A f o r t i n t h e Maidan valley, 22 m i l e s from t h e Kabul, on
t h e Ghazni road. I t is bui l t of s t one , and is s i t ua t e d on a hi l l
which compl et el y commands t h e road. (Thornton. ) Vi l l ages wi t h t h i s
name a r e l ocat ed on a t r i but ar y of t h e Dara-i-Mur,at 34-31 67-6 m.;
on t h e Garmab, a t 34-4 67-34.; and some 8 m i l e s e a s t , a t 34-4 67-
37 m.
SAR-I-SANG-I-SHANDA See KOH-I-SHAITUS LP
SAR-I-TAL &
34- 67-. A smal l f o r t and v i l l a g e i n t he Dai Zangi count r y.
*SAR-I -TALA
db.
34-34 66-38 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed on a t r i but ar y of t h e Hari Rud,
about 5 miles e a s t of Shi nya and nor t h of Asgharat . Ot her vi l l ages
with t h i s name a r e l ocat ed on a t r i but ar y of t h e Qol-i-Khesh, a t 34-
42 68-29 m.; and e a s t of Naudeh and nor t h of Luman, Ghazni, a t 33-
15 67-40 m. (LWA)
SAR-I-TANUR See KOH-I-SHAITUS +-.
SAR-I-TARGAN
A pl ace i n t he Jaghat u Hazara count r y.
SAR-I-UCHAK See KOH-I-SHAITUS Wr
SAR KANAI Or SARKANAY J-
34-47 71-6. Sar Kanai is a vi l l age and a wol eswal i i n Nangarhar
provi nce. The wol eswal i compr i s es an ar ea of 299 s qua r e ki l omet er s
and has an agr i cul t ur al popul at i on t h a t has been est i mat ed a t from
5,020 t o 15,288. The wol eswal i is bounded in t h e w e s t by Asadabad,
Chawki, and Narang, in t h e s out h by Khas Konar, in t h e nor t h by
Marawaro, and in t h e e a s t by t h e St a t e o f Paki st an. Sar Kanai has
about 33 vi l l ages, 19 of whi ch have more t han 500 i nhabi t ant s. The
vi l l ages a r e l i s t e d in t h e PG a s f ol l ows: Sarkani , Da Khani Baba
Kalai, Do Nahr (Do Nahi), Sangar, Pashad ( Qus had) , Qaland, Bahrabad
( Bar bad) , Qal a Pal i ( Nangar Kala Pe r a i ) , Naul ai , Kot kai , Nawah,
Ganjgal, Barogai ( Bahr ogai ) , Dara-i-Marwarah, Changai , Tango, Totnaw
Kalai, Gala, Chenar, Warghala, Mulla Gorah, Dara-i-Shingali, Mahay,
Khadi Khel-i-Garbuz, Sobagi , Sulaimanzai, Baddi nzai , Gargo Kalai,
Kandaharo Kalai, Bag h Kalai, Tang i , G ho k h t an kai, Qarya-i-Qala, Wacha
Hurah, Bandah, Shakal , and Sarah Lam (Sharah Lam). ( LWA) In 1912,
t h e vi l l age was de s c r i be d a s f ol l ows: A l a r ge vi l l age on t h e l e f t
bank o f t h e Kunar r i v e r , a b o u t 8 miles bel ow Ch i g h a Se r a i . A
bat t al i on of r egul ar i nf a nt r y and 200 K has adar s a r e qua r t e r e d her e.
( I .B.C.)
SARKARI KALA UJi @by
34-39 67-49. Now t h e site of t h e t own of Bamian. For a r e c e nt
de s c r i pt i on of t h e ar ea, see Bamian. ( LWA) In 1912 t h e ar ea was
des cr i bed a s f ol l ows: Elevation 8,350 f e e t . A pl ace in t h e Bamian
valley, 98 1/2 miles from Kabul on t h e road t o Mazar-i-Sharif. I t is
t h e r e s i de nc e of t h e Governor of ~a mi a n and lies al most o p p o s i t e t o
t h e famous car ved- r ock i dol s of Bamian.
Ther e is a bazar of some 30 or 40 s h o p s h e r e and t wo sar ai s, one old
and one new. The l a t t e r is bui l t up a ga i ns t a hi l l s i de, whi ch f or ms
one of i t s walls, and is about 600 ya r ds from t h e old one. Ther e is
al so a small kacha f o r t s i t ua t e d on a low hi l l about 1,000 ya r ds
from t h e new sar ai . The ga r r i s on c o n s i s t s of 1 ba t t e r y (6 mount-in,
4 f i e l d and 4 machi ne guns ) , 2 compani es of i nf a nt r y and 300 khasa-
dar s . Tar vel l er s' p a s s p o r t s , or r a hda r i s , a r e s ubj e c t t o inspection
a t Sa r ka r i Kala.
bout a m i l e t o t h e w e s t t h e r e is room t o encamp a bri gade on
c ul t i va t e d gr ound on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e r i ver . Suppl i es are
pr ocur abl e a t Sar kar i Kala. The val l ey is h e r e about 1/2 m i l e across
and is e nt i r e l y t a ke n up wi t h cul t i vat i on; t h e r e a r e many frui t
t r e e s , a l s o c hi na r s and wi l l ows.
The r e i s r eal l y no t own or ope n vi l l age i n t h e Bamian valley, but
onl y a s uc c e s s i on of s m a l l f o r t i f i e d haml et s. The i nhabi t ant s are
Ta j i ks . (I.B.C.)
SARMA KOL c b i b
34- 66-. A gl e n i n t h e s out h of t h e Yakh Walang di s t r i ct . ~t
dr a i ns t o t h a t of Kanak.
The word "Sarma" is sai d t o be Tat ar f o r col d, and "Kol" i s of
c o u r s e t h e common word f o r val l ey o r gl en. Sarma Kol, t her ef or e,
means t h e col d gl en. I t c ont a i ns 4 vi l l ages , wi t h a t ot a l population
of about 50 f ami l i es o f Hazaras. (Maitland.)
SARMARGHA
32- 68-. A d i s t r i c t of t h e Ghi l zai count r y, t o t h e e a s t of Kalat-
i-Ghilzai, from whi ch it is di vi de d by a r a nge of hi l l s. I t i s t he
home of t h e Muhammadzai Tokhi Ghi l zai s. The r e is a pl ace of t hi s
name west by a little s o u t h of Shaki n. (Broad f oot . )
SARMAST KHANA
&Lup
34-5 69-48. A peak in t h e Saf ed Koh r ange, whi ch appear s t o be
s i t ua t e d a little t o t h e w e s t of t h e Lakarai pass. (I.B.C.)
SAR MUHAMMAD -P
34- 68-. El evat i on 8, 051 f e e t . A vi l l age on t h e Ghazni and Kabul
road, bet ween Shaik habad and Maidan. (Houg h .)
SAROBI Or SORUBAY @p
34-36 69-45 m. Sar obi i s a t own and a wol eswal i i n Kabul province.
The wol eswal i c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 1, 159 s qua r e ki l omet er s and has
an a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on whi ch ha s been var i ousl y est i mat ed a t
from 9,145 t o 12,445. The wol eswal i is in t h e e a s t of Kabul prov-
i nce, bor der i ng on Nangarhar and Lag hman provinces.
Sar obi i nc l ude s about 42 vi l l ages , of whi ch about 14 have more than
500 i nhabi t ant s . The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d in t h e PG a s follows: Qala-
i-Kalan wa Zamin, Laker Lam, Naghlu, Yakhdand, Salam Khel, Marwa-
r a h, Torkanai , J a gda l e k, Narg hundi , Farmanbeg, Dabili, chasm- i -
Duka, Husain Khel, Kabaltu, Ibrahim Kel, Gaz, Gogamundah, Shapol-
Baba, Chashma-i-Ismail, Chashma-i-Nasrat, Sasbobi , ~ o t a g a i , Wakar
I s pa r Kundi, Angur Tak, Chenar , Rodbar, aria-i-Sarobi, Hut Khel
Sa r obi , Tezi ni - i - Khas , J u l u b i , Sayed Mia Ras ul Baba, ~ b d u r r a h i m
( Chapar Sia Kohl, Murg hi Chasma-i-~aram ~ o l , Ahangaran, ~hamak-i-
Mulls Khel, Qala-i-Hasan, Zarandah, Gerd i ~ u r g ha, Qala-i-Janan Ja-
ray, Jar obi , Shi r ab, and Tast i n. ( LwA) In 1912, t h e ar ea was des-
cr i bed a s f ol l ows:
A gr oup of vi l l ages on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Tezi n st ream, near t he
j unct i on of t h e Lat t er wi t h t h e Kabul r i ver . The r e is room f or a
l a r ge f o r c e t o encamp h e r e wi t h pl e nt i f ul wat er from t h e Tezin
st r eam and from s p r i n g s , but s u p p l i e s a r e s car ce. Fodder f or about
1, 000 animals f o r one day and about 100 maunds of unground grain may
wi t h d i f f i c u l t y be c ol l e c t e d from t h e nei g hbour hood.
Fuel is plen-
t i f ul . The r e is a publ i c sar ai i n t h e pl ace.
~t Sar obi t h e r i v e r r o u t e from Jal al abad t o Kabul c r o s s e s t h e r o u t e
from Seh Baba t o Nagalu and Char i kar . By t h i s l a t t e r r o u t e t h e Kabul
r i ver is c r o s s e d o p p o s i t e Sar obi by a V- shaped f o r d , t h e a p e x o f t h e
V l yi ng upst r eam. Th e bed o f t h e r i v e r h e r e is o f p e b b l e s and
g r a v e l , a n d t h e f o r d is p r a c t i c a b l e f o r l a d e n a ni ma l s . (I.B.C.,
Johnst on. )
SAROB I U '
34-7 70-48 m. A v i l l a g e i n t h e Shi nwar i c ount r y, s o u t h o f Pe s h
Bolak. A f o r c e o f 20 k h a s a d a r s is q u a r t e r e d her e. (I.B.C.) The p l a c e
is s o u t h west of Basawal.
* SAROB I UdJ-
32-48 69-5m. Sar obi is an al aqadar i i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce. The al aqa-
da r i c o mp r i s e s an a r e a of 411 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s and h a s an a gr i c ul -
t ur al popul at i on t h a t h a s be e n e s t i ma t e d a t from 3, 838 t o 5, 125. The
al aqadar i is bounded i n t h e w e s t and s o u t h by Gomal, i n t h e n o r t h by
Sarhawza, and Urgun and in t h e e a s t by Barmal. Sar obi h a s some 21
vi l l ages , 3 o f whi ch have mor e t h a n 500 i nha bi t a nt s . The v i l l a g e s
a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows :
Nawi Kala Pasani , Past ol ay, Zala Pasani , Rubat , Mastoy, Abbas Khel,
Nawai Lanchi Khel, Zala Lanchi Khel, Taus Khel (Kaus Khel ) , Nawi
Babo Khel, Khani Qala, Haybati, Zala Babo Khel, Sodan Khel ( Shor an
Khel), Bas Nas Khel ( Shabi Nash Khel ), Ezai, Mangro Toye (Mongor
J o y e ) , Tor Khe l , Ta b u t Hayat Khe l , Ta b u t Babo Khe l , a n d Haj i
Sadozai .
SAROB IA +!!r
32- 68-. A v i l l a g e i n t h e Khar ot i count r y. I t h a s a r ui ned f o r t
wi t h a f ew h o u s e s near t h e s o u r c e s o f t h e Dwa Gumal r i ve r . (Broad-
f oot . )
SARUN
A s e c t i o n of t h e Dai Kundis.
*SARUNKHEL &
32-4 68-16 G. An ar ea in Katawaz. Also, a vi l l a ge a bout 6 miles
west of Al i khel , a t 33-57 69-40 G; r e c e n t maps s how t h e name Ser ni -
khel . (LWA)
SARUP SHER See SARAFSAR
SARWAI TANG1 &-
33- 69-. A d e f i l e i n t h e Upper Kurram val l ey, b e t we e n Nur Ghasi
and t h e Laji r avi ne. The g e n e r a l wi d t h o f t h i s d e f i l e is f r om 70 t o
80 yar ds . (Kane.)
SARWANDI U ~ J J -
32-36 68-41 A. El evat i on 7, 500 f e e t . A p a s s ove r t h e Sulaiman
r ange a t t h e head o f t h e Gumal r i ver . The a s c e n t from Sh i n t s a on t h e
west s i d e is gr a dua l f o r 3 miles, pa s s a bl e f o r guns . Th e r e is t h e n
an a s c e n t o f 20 y a r d s , t h e a n g l e o f t h e s l o p e bei ng a bout 11 d e g r e e s
t h e n it a s c e n d s v e r y gr adual l y t h r o u g h a r avi ne 30 t o 40 y a r d s wi de,
wi ndi ng among hi l l s , s t e e p on t h e n o r t h and r ounde d on t h e s o u t h .
From t h i s p o i n t it d e s c e n d s a t a s l o p e o f a bout 3 d e g r e e s . The h i l l
is c ove r e d with b u s h e s and t h e r oad lies down a smal l r i vul e t .
(Broad f o o t .)
SAWANI KHEL & jlv
33- 69-. A f o r t a p p a r e n t l y in t h e ~ a j i c ount r y, b u t t h e a u t h o r i t y
is h e r e n o t v e r y cl ear .
It c ont a i ns 50 h o u s e s , h a s numerous apricot
g a r d e n s , and can t u r n o u t 100 f i g h t i n g men. (Agha Abbas.)
SATARNAI See ROBAT (1)
ci;l
SATSUMGROM OR (TETSEMGROM) ( r l ~ @) $&
35-20 70-55 m. A s m a l l Pr e s un vi l l a ge i n Kaf i r i st an. I t is built on
a s t e e p s l o p e on t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e Pe c h o r Pr e s un r i ve r about 74
m i l e s a bove Ch i g h a Sar ai , and be t we e n t h e vi l l a ge s of Kstigrom and
Pashki gr om. It c ont a i ns some 30 h o u s e s and is unf or t i f i e d. just
below t h e vi l l age t h e r e is a good br i dge provi ded with folding doors
a t t h e e nd f u r t h e r f r om t h e vi l l age. ( Rober t s on, I.B.C.) Thi s may be
t h e same a s Tsot sum (Cocum), a t 35-21 70-55 m. (LWA)
SEN BABA 6k
34- 69-. El evat i on 4, 600 f e e t . A s h r i n e i n t h e Tezi n valley, 1 0
m i l e s f r om J a gda l a k, and near l y t h e same d i s t a n c e from t h e Lataband
pa s s . The i nha bi t a nt s i n t h e ne i ghbour hood a r e Ghi l zai s.
Duri ng t h e war o f 1879-80 t h e r e was a p o s t and commi ssar i at de pot at
t h i s pl ace, f r om whi c h t h e r e is an a l t e r na t i ve r o u t e t o Kabul by
Tezi n. Th e Tezi n r i ver - bed is a t t h i s p o i n t par t i cul ar l y r ough and
d i f f i c u l t f o r t h e p a s s a g e o f b a g g a g e ani mal s, e s pe c i a l l y camels.
Su p p l i e s a r e pr oc ur a bl e wi t h d i f f i c u l t y f r om Tezi n and Sarobi.
A good s t r eam of wat er f l o ws p a s t Se h Baba i n wi nt er , but it is all
t a k e n o f f f o r c ul t i va t i on i n t h e Tezi n val l ey i n t h e summer months.
( I .B.C.)
*SM DIWAR J')C J .I
34-59 68-49 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Sekari,
a bout 2 miles n o r t h we s t of Sukht a .
SEH KAM
A s ubs e c t i on of t h e Besud Hazaras.
SEHPAI
A s e c t i o n o f Dai Zangi Hazar as.
SEHPAI Or SIPAI
4451
A main s e c t i o n o f t h e Shi nwar i s . A vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is near
Dusha, a t 34-10 70-37 G. Re c e nt maps s how t h e name Si pi a a t 34-8
70-34 m. (LWA)
*SEHQALA
U b b
34-35 68-43 m. A vi l l a qe l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Maidan
r i ve r , a bout 1 5 m i l e s n o r t h o f Jal i z.
SEHTARH c j *
34-49 71-7. A f e r r y a c r o s s t h e Kunar r i ve r , near a t own of t he
Same name. The l a t t e r s t a n d s on t h e l ef t bank o f t h e r i ver , 7 miles
bel ow Chi gha Sarai . The val l ey h e r e na r r ows down t o a gor ge about
300 y a r d s wi de and t h e r i ve r f l o ws i n one channel .
(1.B.C.)
SEHWAK JW
A vi l l a ge i n t h e Dai Zangi d i s t r i c t o f ~ a l . A vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name
is l oc a t e d a t 34-21 66-28 m. ( LWA)
SEKANDARI
A mall s e c t i o n of Ha z a r a j a t .
*SERKANI See SARKANI
SHABAH See SHAHBAH 4 G . k
SHABAK Or BATAI KANDAO
&
33- 69-. El evat i on 4, 126 f e e t . A p a s s l e a di ng from t h e nei ghbour -
hood of Manduri i n Kurram t o t h e Shamil, o r Kaitu, val l ey i n Khost .
Though s t e e p i n pl a c e s it is pr a c t i c a bl e f o r camel s and coul d e a s i l y
be made f i t f or wheeled guns. There is an Afghan khasadar pos t about
one m i l e t o t h e w e s t of t h e summit. (I.B.C.)
SHABI &
34-7 70-23 A. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Hi sarak di vi s i on, Jal al abad di s -
t r i c t , cont ai ni ng 100 h o u s e s o f Khugi ani s. (MacGregor.)
SHAD1 BEG
A s e c t i on of Kaptasan Besud Hazaras.
SHAD KHANA
& L d L
34-20 69-11 m. A vi l l age in t h e nor t he r n di vi s i on o f t h e Logar
valley, i.e., nor t h o f t h e Tangi Waghjan. It is s i t u a t e d on t h e
r i g h t bank of t h e r i ve r , and a t t h e s o u t h e r n e xt r e mi t y of t h e Musai
t owns hi p. The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Ast anazai Ghi l zai s, who i n 1880 onl y
numbered 10 f ami l i es. ( Cl i f f or d, Euan Smi t h .)
SHAH ALAM- I -AFGHANI jbl,A~k
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Kama di vi s i on o f t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t
near Mayar, and unde r t h e headman of t h e pl ace. I nhabi t ant s : Moh-
mand s. ( Jen k yns .)
SHAH ALAM-I-TAJIKI &k+L
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Kama di vi s i on of t h e Jal al abad di s -
t r i c t , s i t ua t e d be t we e n Mayar and Sangar Sarai. I nhabi t ant s : Taj i ks.
( Jen kyns . )
SHAHAR P e
34-39 66-24 A. A vi l l a ge in Sar-i-Jangal, 40 m i l e s e a s t of Daulat
Yar.
SHAHAR-I-AFGHAN
"b\ -
34- 69-. A vi l l a ge in t h e nor t he r n di vi s i on of t h e Logar val l ey,
on t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e r i ver . I t c o n s i s t s of f our haml et s, whos e
i n h a b i t a n t s , numbe r i ng i n 1 8 8 0 f i f t y f ami l i es are Adramzais and
Taj i ks. ( Cl i f f or d, Euan Smith.)
SHAHAR-I-BARBAR ~4
35- 67-. The r emai ns of an a nc i e nt c i t y of t h e Koh-i-Baba, s t a ndi ng
on t h e h i g h e r r u g g e d and s c a r pe d hi l l be t we e n t h e s t r e a ms of Fi roz-
bahar and Band-i-Amir j u s t above t h e i r c onf l ue nc e . The r e is not hi ng
in t h e r ui ns t o r e pa y any one b u t an a r c ha e ol ogi s t f o r t h e t r oubl e
o f goi ng up t o t hem. The c i t y is t r a di t i ona l l y s ai d t o have been t h e
capital of a kingdom which comprised t h e gr eat er par t of what is now
t h e Hazarajat. The pe opl e were cal l ed Barbar, and were pr obabl y
Taj i ks of t h e same r a c e a s t h o s e now i nhabi t i ng t h e smal l s t a t e s on
t h e Oxus. When t h e c ount r y was pe opl e d by t h e a n c e s t o r s of t h e
p r e s e n t Hazaras, a f t e r t h e Tatar i nvasi on, t h e remnant of t h e Bar-
bar s a p p e a r s t o have been abs or bed by t hem, f o r whi ch r eas on, or
from t h e i r i nhabi t i ng t h e ol d Barbar count r y, t h e Hazaras a r e still
known a s Barbari. The word Barbar is s ai d t o be ol d Arabic f o r
"mount ai neer . " I t is no d o u b t t h e same a s t h a t w e a r e familiar with
unde r t h e form "Berber, " t h e pr onunc i a t i on bei ng e xa c t l y similar.
( ~ a i t l a n d . )
SHAHBAH Or SHOBA (+)k
35-24 69-10. A p a s s ove r t h e Hi ndu Kush l e a di ng from t h e Panjshir
i n t o t h e Andarab val l ey, its summi t l yi ng a bout 6 miles nor t heas t of
t h e par andev pa s s . The r oad ove r t h e Sha hba h p a s s is sai d t o be
d i f f i c u l t , b u t pr a c t i c a bl e f o r l a d e n yabus. I t l e a ve s t h e Panjshir
val l ey a t t h e vi l l a ge o f Ast ana, 5 1/4 m i l e s above Kacha. (I.B.C.)
SHAHBAZJAN irk jb
34-29 69-3. A small f o r t i n t h e Kabul d i s t r i c t , s i t ua t e d cl ose to
Kala-i-Kazi and i nha bi t e d by Hazaras. (I.B.C.)
*SHAHBID + tk
34-13 66-56 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e Nawa-i-Surkhjoy, s o u t h of t h e oh-
i-Sar-i-Ghar, s o u t h we s t of Bamian pr ovi nc e .
*SHAHBIDAK d+t k
34-47 66-40 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a bout 2 m i l e s s o u t h of Mantiq i n
we s t e r n Bamian pr ovi nce. Anot her vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is some 1 4
miles w e s t of Ghazni , a t 33-33 69-10 m.
SHAH BOB0 P# 6 L :
34-29 69-13. A small s q u a r e f o r t 1/2 m i l e nor t h o f Bini Hisar on
t h e w e s t s i d e o f t h e Kabul-Charasia r oad. (I.B.C.)
SHAH BUNYAD
A v i l l a g e i n t h e Yakh Walang d i s t r i c t .
SHAHGHASI
@LtL
34-6 69-4 m. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Logar val l ey, on t h e l e f t bank of
t h e r i ve r , 2 1/2 m i l e s n o r t h of t h e Tangi Waghjan. ~nha bi t a nt s :
Ahmadzai s and Hazaras. In 1880 t h e r e we r e 10 f ami l i es i n t h e place.
( Cl i f f o r d , Euan Smith. ) The vi l l a ge is near t h e Kalangar woleswali
s e a t . (LWA)
SHAHGUM BEG
A s e c t i o n of Takana Dai Zangi Hazar as.
*SHAH1 &
34-38 66-39 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e Hari Rud, w e s t of Siahchashma,
Bamian pr ovi nce. Ot he r vi l l a ge s wi t h t h i s name a r e on a t r i but ar y of
t h e Helmand, a t 34-8 67-10 m.; on t h e Al i shang Ri ver , some 1 2 miles
nor t h o f t h e Al i shang r i ve r , a t 34-55 70-5 m.; and about 15 miles
s o u t h we s t of Nawa-i-Kharwar i n Logar pr ovi nc e , a t 33-38
68-12 m.
SHAH I
A s ubs e c t i on of t h e Dai Zagi Hazar as.
*SHAHID
4r'
34- 59 71-5 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d o n e m i l e n o r t h o f Katar on a
t r i but a r y of t h e Kunar r i ve r .
SHAH I DAN
&'&
34-31 70-1 m. A vi l l a ge In Laghman, on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Kabul
r i ve r , a t its j unct i on wi t h t h e Al i ngar.
The f ol l owi ng a r e t h e haml et s composi ng t h e vi l l age:
1. Kala-i-Karnardin
2. Banda-i-Muhammad I sl am
3. Banda- i-Shahabudd i n
4. Deh-i-Dur Muhammad
The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Kuchi s. (Warburton)
SHAHIDAN ri'+
34- 68-. A g l e n whi ch d e c e n d s form t h e Koh-i-Baba t o t h e Bamian
va l l e y, d e b o u c h i n g i n t o t h e l a t t e r a b o u t 1 0 m i l e s a b o v e Kala
Sar kar i .
~t r uns from s o u t h we s t t o n o r t h e a s t and is a bout hal f a m i l e wi de
wher e e n t e r e d by t h e Bamian r oad t o Daulat Yar. It is ve r y f e r t i l e
her e, and t h e r e are f i v e f o r t s and vi l l a ge s near t h e poi nt whe r e t h e
road c r o s s e s . Above a r e t h r e e o t h e r s . Above t hem t h e val l ey na r r ows
and r uns u p unde r h i g h hi l l s . The l a r g e s t vi l l age is Kala Bakar Beg.
The pe opl e of Shahi dan a r e Yanghur Dai Sangi s, a c c or di ng t o t h e i r
own s t at ement . Se e "Bamian ( Di s t r i ct ) ."
Ther e is a r oad u p t h e Shahi dan over t h e J i r i a Khana Kotal t o Besud.
I t a p p e a r s t o j oi n t h e Si ah Beg r oad from Polada. Below t h e Bamian
road c r os s i ng t h e Shahi dan becomes a d e f i l e . (Maitland.)
SHAHI-KALA See MAIDAN-I-PAI-KOTAL &&
SHAHI-KALA See TATANG-I-JABAR
di pL
*SHAH1 KHEL & &
34-57 68-51 m. A vi l l a ge on a t r i but a r y of t h e Ghor band i n Parwan
pr ovi nce.
*SHAH1 KOT 4 @L:
34-16 70-34 m. A v i l l a g e s o u t h e a s t o f J a l a l a ba d a n d e a s t o f
Chaparhar i n Nangar har pr ovi nce.
SHAH- I -MARDAN KUL
J ,j'>ppL
34- 69-. A f o r t i n t h e Cha r de h val l ey of Kabul, be t we e n Gaokhana
and Kala-i-Mir Ghazab. Water from a kar ez. I nhabi t ant s : Taj i ks and
Barakzai s; 25 f ami l i es. (I.B.C.)
SHAH- I -MASHAD + 6 L
I s s a i d t o be a well-known pl a c e i n t h e Dai Kundi count r y.
SHAH MASID ( y + - - ) + d L
A s ubdi vi s i on of t h e Bacha-i-Ghulam cl an of Dai Zangi Hazaras.
*SHAHIN *L
34-7 69-31 m. A vi l l age on t h e Azra Dara, some 6 m i l e s s o u t h we s t o f
Azra i n Logar pr ovi nce.
SHAHIN *L:
34- 66-. A vi l l age in t h e u p p e r pa r t of t h e Sar-i-Jangal val l ey. A
vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 34-38 66-39 rn. Re c e nt maps
show t h e mme Shahi.
SHAHKI
&
35-9 69-7. A f o r t i n Kohi st an, s i t u a t e d a t t h e e nt r a nc e t o t h e
Nijrao val l ey, 10 miles nor t h w e s t o f Tutamdara. ( Pot t i nger . )
SHAHMAK (&k ) hk
34-58 69-8 m. A vi l l age of 50 h o u s e s of Taj i ks i n Kohistan, 2 mi l e s
s o u t h of Char i kar . The i nha bi t a nt s a r e agr i cul t ur al , and t h e village
h a s an e x c e l l e n t canal near it. (Masson, Shahzada Taimus.) Recent
maps show t h e spel l i ng Shamaq. (LWA)
SHAH MAZAR , % d k
33-52 68-56 G. A vi l l age i n t h e Logar val l ey on t h e l e f t bank of
t h a t r i v e r , 4 m i l e s s o u t h e a s t o f Ba r a ki Rajan. I nhabi t ant s:
Ast anazai Ghi l zai s, of whom t h e r e were 150 f ami l i es in 1880. (Clif-
f or d, Euan Smith.)
SHAH MUHAMMAD & 4 k
A f o r t cont ai ni ng 50 h o u s e s and abl e t o t ur n out 200 f i ght i ng men.
I t is not c l e a r wher e t h i s f o r t is, b u t t h i s a ut hor i t y seems to
i n f e r it is i n t h e J aj i count r y. (Agha Abbas.)
*SHAHQALA di rk
34-49 68-57 m. A vi l l age on t h e Pengram st r eam, about halfway
be t we e n Nawa-i-Kharwar and Baraki Barak i n Logar pr ovi nce.
SHAHRISTAM
"Ln"
34-22 66-47 A. A hal t i ng pl ace on t h e main Kabul-Hazarajat-Daulat
Y a r r oad, 1 5 miles w e s t o f Panjao Sarai. Ot her vi l l ages with t hi s
name a r e l oc a t e d a t 34-34 66-31 m., and near t h e Band-i-Amir,
Bamian pr ovi nce, a t 34-47 67-13 m. (LWA)
SHAHRISTAN See ZAR SANG &&
SHAH SAROF See SARAF dl, 4 k
SHAHTORI Or SHATURI
cw;L
33-1 69-14 A. A Khar ot i s e t t l e me nt on a st r eam of t h e same name
( whi ch f a l l s i nt o t h e Tochi ) on t h e road from Ghazni t o Dawar, five
s t a g e s from t h e f or mer . The r e a r e 20 t o 30 hous es . Ata, ghi , and
rice pl e nt i f ul . Water from s p r i n g s good, b u t not abundant . Fuel and
f o r a g e in f a i r qua nt i t i e s . The di s t a nc e of t h i s pl ace, on native
i n f o r ma t i o n , is e s t i ma t e d a t 69 miles f r om Ghazni . (McLean.1
Anot her vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 33-1 69-4 m. ( LWA)
SHAHTU Or SHATU
#L
34-35 66-58 m. A d i f f i c u l t p a s s l eadi ng over t h e Koh-i-Baba from
t h e Helmand val l ey t o t h a t of t h e Band-i-Amir. The road l eaves t he
Kabul-Hazarajat main road a t Panjao, and r e a c he s Pai ~ot al - i - Shaht u
a t 17 m i l e s , Shewa Anda a t 32 mi l e s , and Tagao Zari a t 46 miles*
( Na t i ve i n ormation.)
SHAHTUS w # ~
33- 68-. One of t h e pr i nci pal mount ai ns t o t h e west of ~ h a z n i .
( Hast i ngs .)
SHAHTUT G+ r k
34- 23 69- 5 m.
A s ma l l v i l l a g e i n t h e Lal andar va l l e y of Kabul-
(Dut t on . )
SHAHU
A s e c t i o n of t h e Muhamnad Khwaja Hazaras.
SMIGO See SAIGAN &
SHAI KH
A s ubs ect i on of t h e Besud Hazaras.
SHAIKHA
A s e c t i o n of t h e Khat ai Hazaras. ( See "Bamian".)
SHAI KHABAD
JLT+
34-5 68-45. A vi l l a ge i n Wardak, 46 1/2 m i l e s from Kabul, on t h e
Ghazni r oad. It s t a n d s on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Logar st r eam, oppo-
site Kher i Tai sang, whi c h is i nc l ude d i n it. I t was from t h i s vil-
l a ge t h a t Outram s t a r t e d i n p u r s u i t o f Dost Muhammad i n 1839 by a
cr oss- r oad l e a di ng ove r t h e Paghman h i l l s t o Yurt. It was l a s t
v i s i t e d by Br i t i s h f o r c e i n 1880, i n wh i c h y e a r Ge n e r a l Ro s s
encamped h e r e i n Apr i l and Si r Fr e de r i c k Robe r t s a f e w we e k s l a t e r ,
t h e l a t t e r on t h e oc c a s i on of h i s r e t ur ni ng t o Kabul f r om Logar. I t
pos s es s es a good f or t .
A masonry b r i d g e is (1906) bei ng bui l t h e r e over t h e Logar r i ve r and
t h e r e is a l s o a s t r o n g t empor ar y wooden br i dge ; t h e Logar is usual l y
f or da bl e her e.
The r e is ampl e s p a c e f o r campi ng gr ound a t Shai khabad; r i c e and
jowar a r e pl e nt i f ul ; whe a t s c a r c e ; f u e l i n s ma l l qua nt i t i e s ; g r a s s
a nd c l o v e r a b u n d a n t . (I.B.C.) An o t h e r p l a c e wi t h t h i s name is
l ocat ed a t 34-20 69-44 m.
*SHAIKH ALI &*
34-57 68-30 m. Sha i kh A l i is an al aqadar i i n Parwan pr ovi nce. The
al aqadar i c ompr i s e s an a r e a o f 908 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s and h a s an
a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on t h a t ha s been e s t i ma t e d a t from 7, 887 t o
9,677. The a l a qa da r i is bounded i n t h e w e s t by Shi bar , i n t h e nor t h
by Tala wa Bar f ak, i n t h e e a s t by Ghor Band, and in t h e s o u t h by
Surkh-i-Parsa. Shai kh ALi i n c l u d e s 27 vi l l ages , o f whi ch 6 have
more t ha n 500 i nha bi t a nt s . The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d in t h e PG a s
f ol l ows: Qarya-i-Babur, Sangar i yan, Rubat, Darwaz, Bini Sayuk wa
Mohammad Yar ( Beni sayuk Sur kh) , Bed (Bed Deh Kalan), Kotak Deh
Kalan, Dara-i-Nerk h, Dahan-i-Nerk h, Tuchi -Nerk h , J e r f , Kajak, Sang
Par , Kh waj aka (Awlang-i-Kh waj aka Koh), Nawi, Khak-i-Ghulam Al i ,
Tor gi ch ( Tor i ch) , Butiyan, Sang Andab, Bad Qol ( Bedel Qol ) , Gandab,
Pawaz, Jangal ak, Jaw Qol, Dekt or , Khum-i-Qarg hana, and Tana Bed Deh
Kal an.
SHAIKH ALI HAZARAS
9'9 2 &+
The f ol l owi ng a r t i c l e ha s been t a ke n from a r e p o r t by Col onel Mait-
l and, compi l ed from i n ormat i on c ol l e c t e d by t h e I nt e l l i ge nc e pa r t y,
Af g han Boundary Commission, i ncl udi ng Captain Peacoc ke' s diary:
The Shai kh A l i Count ry
"General Des cr i pt i on. The c ount r y, i nha bi t e d by Shai kh A l i Hazaras,
lies on bot h s i d e s of t h e s o u t h we s t e r n end of t h e Hindu Kush whi ch
is l ocal l y known a s t h e Koh-i-Warsandan. I t is t h u s s i t u a t e d i n
t h r e e pr ovi nc e s and f or ms pa r t of hal f-a-dozen d i f f e r e n t d i s t r i c t s .
Sout h of t h e r a nge t h e Ghorband r i ve r is f or med by t h e j unct i on o f
t wo s t r eams , one of whi ch r i s e s a t t h e Shi bar wa t e r s he d, and f l o ws
e a s t wa r d s t h r o u g h a val l ey cal l ed Dara Sha i kh A l i ; t h e o t h e r comes
from Khesh and t h e Helmand wat ershed nort h of t h e Gardan Di wa l , and
r uns t h r o u g h t h e Dara Turkoman, j oi ni ng t h e Sha i kh Al i st r eam a t
Doab-i-Loling, about 23 miles from t h e Shi bar Kotal. Sout h o f t h e
Dara Turkoman rises t h e l o f t y Koh-i-Paghman, r i val l i ng t h e Hindu
Kush i t s e l f : be t we e n t h e Dara Turkoman and t h e Dara Shai kh A l i is
t h e e a s t e r n end of t h e Koh-i-Baba, whi ch a p p e a r s t o b e cal l ed t h e
Koh-i-Darwaz, t h o u g h pos s i bl y t h i s name is onl y a ppl i e d t o its
t er mi nat i on. Then be t we e n t h e Dara Sha i kh Al i and t h e Sur kha b r i ve r ,
wh o s e na r ow v a l l e y a n d d e e p l a t e r a l g l e n s a r e a l mo s t e nt i r e l y
pe opl e d by Sha i kh A l i s , i s t h e a bove ment i oned Koh-i-Warsandan, so
t h a t t h e Sha i kh A l i n o t onl y o c c u p y t h e Sur kha b and its gl ens a s far
a s ~ o s h i , whe r e t h e r i v e r t u r n s n o r t h wa r d s , b u t t h e y e xt e nd al l up
t h e we s t e r n s i d e o f Ghor i , and a l s o c ont i nue al ong t h e nor t h s i de of
t h e ~ i n d u Kush, whe r e t h e y al mos t e xc l us i ve l y popul a t e t h e s m a l l
d i s t r i c t o f Khi nj an, and are n o t want i ng i n Andarab.
"The Sha i kh A l i c o u n t r y may b e d i v i d e d i n t o t h r e e par t s . Fi r st , in
t h e Kabul pr ovi nc e t h e r e is wha t a p p e a r s t o b e cal l ed t h e Shai kh Mi
d i s t r i c t , whi c h c o n s i s t s o f t h e Dara Sha i kh Al i and t h e Dara ~ u r k ~ -
man, t o g e t h e r wi t h t h e Par sa gl e n, whos e mout h is below ~oab- i -
Lol i ng. Then, on t h e o t h e r s i d e o f t h e Koh-i-Jalmish and aha an-i-
Jal mi sh are Sha i kh Alis. Below Dahan-i-Jalmish a r e Taj i ks, who are
s u c c e e d e d a t Doab-i-Me k h z a r i by Tat ar s. But Sha i kh A l i s commence
a ga i n bel ow Doab-i-Mekhzari, and e x t e n d t o Sh u t a r Jangal , Jalmish is
i n t h e Bamian d i s t r i c t , whi c h b e l o n g s t o t h e Kabul pr ovi nce, but t h e
rest is in t h e Af ghan Tur ki s t a n d i s t r i c t o f Doab. Thi r dl y, t h e r e are
t h e Sha i kh Ali Hazar as o f Ghor i , Doshi , Khinjan, and Andarab, al l of
which are in t h e provi nce of Badakhshan.
" Cha r a c t e r and pr oc l i vi t i e s . Th e Sha i kh Al i s have no c h i e f s e xc e pt
l oc a l headmen, a r ba bs o f t a i f a s ( s e c t i o n s ) and t h e l i ke . They have a
ve r y bad r e put a t i on, and it a p p e a r s t o have be e n ne c e s s a r y t o re-
p r e s s t hem cont i nual l y, whi c h no d o u b t a c c o u n t s i n a g r e a t measure
f o r t h e i r p r e s e n t br oke n and di s or ga ni z e d c ondi t i on. Not l ong ago,
i n t h e t i m e of Amir S h e r Al i , t h e Sha i kh Alis cont i nual l y pl under ed
t r a v e l l e r s on t h e Kara Kotal, and al mos t s t o p p e d t r a f f i c on t h e
Tur ki s t a n ka f i l a r out e . Even a s l a t e a s 1883 t h e y pl unde r e d a cara-
van; b u t f o r t h i s t h e y seem t o have be e n pr ompt l y and ef f ect ual l y
puni shed, t r oops and l evi es bei ng des pat ched agai nst them from t hree
s i d e s . They were made t o pay a heavy f i n e and pa r t l y di sar med. I t
was t h e Sha i kh Alis of t h e Sur kha b who a p p e a r t o have been mostly
r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e s e o u t r a g e s , and Dilawar Khan, t h e Tat ar Chi ef of
Doab, i n whos e d i s t r i c t t h e y a r e , a p p e a r s t o have had an allowance,
o r r emi s s i on o f r e ve nue , t o k e e p t hem i n or de r . The Shai kh A l i s of
Doshi , Khi nj an, etc., a l s o a p p e a r t o ha ve be e n gi ve n t o pl under i ng,
and w e not i ced when passi ng t hr ough t h o s e di s t r i c t s in 1886 t ha t t he
name a p p e a r e d t o be a s it were p r e s c r i b e d , all t h e Hazaras we met
de c l i ni ng t o al l ow t h e y were Sha i kh A l i s , and cal l i ng t hemsel ves
Khi nj ani s. Si nc e Abdur Rahman Khan' s a c c e s s i on, t h e Shai kh Alis,
l i k e o t h e r t r oubl e s ome t r i b e s , have be e n r e d u c e d t o compl et e submis-
s i on and made t o pay r evenue. When t h e p a r t i e s o f t h e ~ o u n d a r y
Commission passed t hr ough them, t he y appear ed t o be qui et and hard-
wor ki ng c ul t i va t or s . No d o u b t t h e y a c t ua l l y r es embl e most ot her
Hazar as i n be i ng i n d u s t r i o u s and n o t s pe c i a l l y war l i ke. I t Was t h e
i na c c e s s i bi l i t y of t h e i r s e t t l e me n t s on t h e Sur kha b and t h e s t r e ngt h
o f t h e i r f a s t n e s s i n t h e g l e n s of t h e Hi ndu Kush whi ch enabl ed them
f o r s o l ong t o c a r r y on t h e i r e vi l pr a c t i c e s . Lat el y, t h a t is duri ng
I s ha k Khan' s r e be l l i on of 1888, t h e Sha i kh A l i s made some s o r t of a
r i s i ng. I t a p p e a r s t h a t Dilawar Khan, t h e Chi e f of ~ o a b , decl ar ed
f o r t h e Sar dar , and i nduc e d t h e Sha i kh A l i s in h i s d i s t r i c t t o t ur n
out . The Amir on h i s way t o Tur ki s t a n t ook t h e Sur kha b r out e, and
Dilawar Khan who had be e n t a k e n pr i s one r , o r s ur r e nde r e d hi msel f ,
was p u t t o d e a t h a t Dasht - i - Saf ed. Not hi ng was d o n e t o t h e Shai kh
A l i s , who had become q u i e t e nough, b u t t h e Ami r si gni f i cant l y
remarked t h a t he would deal with them when he ret urned.
- Phys i que and arms. Th e Sha i kh A l i s a r e f o r t h e most pa r t a
hardy-looking race, and are good mountaineers, a s might be expected*
They a r e ba dl y ar med- - t hat is t o say, t h e y have no r i f l e s , and
pr obabl y n o t many f i r e a r ms of any s o r t . Thos e of t h e s u r k h a b would
n o t a dmi t t o Pe a c oc ke t h a t t h e y p o s s e a s e d any weapons a t all; and as
t h e y had been compel l ed t o g i v e up one gun and one s wor d p e r f ami l y
a s pa r t of t h e puni s hme nt f o r pl unde r i ng t h e ka f i l a above a l l ude d
t o, it is n o t l i k e l y t h e y s houl d have many l e f t . Peacocke makes no
r emar ks a s t o t h e d r e s s o f t he Sha i kh Alis of t h e Sur kha b and Dara
Shai kh Al i , b u t it was not i c e d t h a t t h o s e o f Doshi and Khinjan
r a r e l y wor e t h e d i s t i n c t i v e Hazar a c a p , a nd c o u l d h a r d l y b e
d i s t i n g u i s h e d a t f i r s t s i g h t from Taj i ks.
"The f e e l i ng of t h e Sha i kh A l i s t owa r ds t h e Af gha ns is p e r h a p s
r a t he r more i ni mi cal t ha n t h a t o f t h e Hazaras i n ge ne r a l , none of
whom l ove t h e i r mas t er s . Pe a c oc ke t h i n k s t h a t i n c a s e of Russi an
t r o o p s advanci ng i nt o t h e i r c o u n t r y t h e y would remain neut r al , a s
t h e y d o not e x p e c t much amel i or at i on i n t h e i r c ondi t i on from t h e
advent of t h e s e peopl e.
"El evat i on and cl i mat e. The Sha i kh Ali c ount r y, bei ng one of g r e a t
mountain r a nge s , d i v i d e d by d e e p val l eys , p o s s e s s e s a c ons i de r a bl e
var i et y of cl i mat e. Sout h of t h e Hi ndu Kush mos t o f t h e Hazaras
s e t t l e me nt s i n t h e Dara Sha i kh Al i and e l s e wh e r e a r e be t we e n 7, 000
and 8, 000 f e e t i n el evat i on. Nor t h o f t h e main r a n g e t h e y are
bet ween 3,000 and 5,000 f e e t . The Hi ndu Kush rises t o a h e i g h t o f
16, 000 f e e t and over , and down t o 12, 000 f e e t is c ove r e d wi t h snow
f or near l y hal f t h e year. But i n t h e va l l e ys t h e r e is little s now,
and t h e compar at i vel y s m a l l amount of l and avai l abl e f o r c ul t i va t i on
pr oduc e s a l l t h e cereals, i nc l udi ng rice i n Dos hi and Khinjan, a l s o
pul s e s , ve ge t a bl e s , and f r ui t . However, it w i l l be b e t t e r t o g i v e a
b r i e f d e s c r i p t i o n o f e a c h p o r t i o n o f t h e S h a i k h A l i c o u n t r y
s e pa r a t e l y.
"Roads. Numerous p a t h s l e a d over t h e t h r e e pr i nc i pa l r a nge s , t h e
Paghman, t h e Koh-i-Darwaz (Koh Baba) and t h e Koh-i-Warsandan ( Hi ndu
Kush). Many of t h e s e , however , t h o u g h us e d f o r l oc a l t r a f f i c , are
mere r u g g e d f o o t p a t h s , or pr a c t i c a bl e onl y (and wi t h d i f f i c u l t y ) f o r
t h e bul l oc ks , d o n k e y s , and s u r e f o o t e d yabus of t h e count r y. A t t h e
same t i m e t h e r e a r e some ve r y i mpor t a nt r o u t e s whi ch l ead t h r o u g h
t h e c ount r y of t h e Sha i kh Al i s . Begi nni ng from t h e e a s t , t h e r e is
t h e Kaoshan p a s s r oad whi ch l e a d s t o Khinjan. Thi s was t h e ol d main
r out e t o Badakhs han and Tur ki st an. Ne xt is t h e Chahar dar p a s s r oa d,
t h e p r e s e n t main r o u t e ove r t h e Hindu Kush. Thi r dl y, t h e r e is t h e
road r unni ng t h e whol e l e n g t h o f Ghor band and t h e Dara Shai k h A l i t o
t h e Shi bar Kotal, and s o t o Bamian. Four t hl y, t h e r e is t h e Sur kha b
road.
"The Shi bar pa s s , an ope n wa t e r s he d c onne c t i ng t h e we s t e r n end of
t h e Hindu Kush wi t h Koh Darwaz, is s pe c i a l l y i mpor t a nt a s bei ng ope n
al l year r ound, and t h u s f or mi ng t h e onl y communi cat i on be t we e n
Kabul and t h e pr ovi nc e s of Badakhs han and Tur ki s t a n dur i ng t h e
wi nt er months.
I. Shai kh Ali District ( whi c h is a dj a c e nt t o, but d i s t i n c t f r om,
Ghorband. ) (Almost t h e whol e o f t h e f ol l owi ng is from i nf or mat i on
r e c or de d by Peacocke, who pa s s e d t h r o u g h t h e d i s t r i c t i n Oct ober
1886 .)
"The Shai kh Al i d i s t r i c t is unde r s t ood t o compr i se: (1) t h e Dara
Shai kh Al i ; (2) t h e Dara Turkoman; and ( 3) t h e Par sa gl e n o f t h e
Paqhman range.
"The Dara Sha i kh Al i . From t h e f o o t of t h e Shi bar Kotal (Pai Kotal-
i-Shibar) t o t h e j unct i on of t h e Dara Turkoman st r eam whi ch i s s u e s
from t h e Lol i ng d e f i l e j u s t above Kala Doab is a bout 21 m i l e s . The
val l ey is of ve r y var i abl e wi dt h. I t a ve r a ge s about f our hundr e d
yar d% down t o Bini Sehwak. Af t e r wa r ds , a t Nawi, it is a m i l e and a
hal f a c r o s s f o r a s h o r t di s t a nc e . Again, a t Gazar Chaman it is
t hr e e - qua r t e r s of a m i l e wide. Soon a f t e r t h i s , however , it becomes
a d e f i l e , whi ch c ont i nue s t o Doab-i-Loling. The wi de r p a r t s o f t h e
val l ey a r e w e l l c ul t i va t e d, and cont ai n numer ous vi l l a ge s s ur r ounde d
by or c ha r ds . The mout hs and lower por t i ons o f t h e numerous af f l uent
gl e ns , some of t hem of l a r g e s i z e , a r e a l s o w e l l cul t i vat ed.
" ~ e s i d e s wheat and bar l ey, j owar is l a r ge l y grown. Al t oget her con-
s i de r a bl e qua nt i t i e s of gr ai n a r e pr ocur abl e, and it is said t hat
Ghi l zai s from Shai kh Dara (on s o u t h s i d e o f t h e Pag hman) come over
i n number s t o buy t h e s ur pl us .
"The
d i s t r i c t c ont a i ns many s h e e p and a l s o c a t t l e . Riding hor s es are
s c a r c e , b u t t h e r e a r e a c e r t a i n number of pack yabus. Bullocks are
a l s o much us ed f o r t r a ns por t .
I 1 ~c c o r d i n g t o Peacocke, snow r ar el y lies t o a d e p t h gr e a t e r than 2
f e e t a t Pai Kotal, and it is o f c our s e , less lower down t h e valley.
The cl i mat e is t h e r e f o r e , not ve r y col d even in wi nt er.
"The f ol l owi ng is a d e t a i l of t h e peopl e:
Shai kh A l i Hazaras of Dara Shai kh A l i
Se c t i on Locat i on Fami l i es
Karam A l i ( Shi ahs?) Pai Kot al (10) Dara Shi ngar i an (50) 60
Dai Kalan ( Shi ahs) ; Upper Dara Shai kh A1 i (600) ,
headman Asadul l a Dara Sagpur ( 60) 660
Naiman ( Shi ahs) ; Dara Shai kh A l i , below Dai Kalan
headman t he same (3001, Red Kol ( 60) , Kala Kazi
Asad ul l a. Nawi (10)
370
Karluck o r Kalluk Data Shai kh A l i , below t h e Naiman
( Sunni s) ; headman, (500) , Dara Taor i (60) . 5 60
Mirza Akbar.
A l i Jam (2/3 Shi ahs , Dara Shai kh A l i , below t he Kalluk 30
1/ 3 Sunni s)
Babar ( Sunni s) Dara Behuda 60
Nekpai ( Shi ahs) Koh-i-Khurd and Kol-i-Lech ( or Luch) .
Bot h t h e s e l a t e r a l g l e n s a r e
underst ood t o be i n t h e Ghorband
d i s t r i c t . 100
TOTAL 1,840
"Peacoc k e ment i ons s ever al o t h e r s e c t i ons , a s t h e Sadmarda, Hasht
Khoja and Daulat Beg. But t h e f i r s t named a r e i n Jal mi sh, and t he
Hasht Khoja on t h e Sur khab, whi l e t h e Daulat Beg (or Pai) are a
di vi s i on of Besud Hazaras. The r e may be a f e w of each of t h e s e and
of o t h e r s l i vi ng in t h e S b i k h Al i d i s t r i c t , b u t t h e i r l ocat i on is
not knwon.
" The S h a i k h A l i s a r e c u l t i v a t o r s and a l s o own a c ons i de r a bl e
number of s h e e p and c a t t l e . The numbers a r e gi ve n by Peacocke a s
under:
Dai Kalan 150 f l oc ks 1, 200 head of c a t t l e
Na iman 40 " 600 "
I1
Karluk 200 700
A l i J m 10 200
Babar 10 200
TOTAL 410 2,900
"The number i n each f l oc k is not s t a t e d , but t h e aver age is not
l i ke l y t o be less t ha n 200 head. Even t h i s would not gi ve t h e l ar ge
t ot a l of 82,000 s h e e p bel ongi ng t o t h e Dara Shai k h Al i alone.
"The pe opl e of t h e Dara Shai kh A l i are par t l y Sunni s, t h e only
i ns t a nc e , wi t h t h e e x c e p t i o n of t h e Kala Nao t r i be, of Hazaras
hol di ng t h e or t hodox form of t h e Mussalman f ai t h. The ~ u n n i s , as
may be g a t h e r e d from t h e t abl e j u s t gi ven, a r e t h o s e l i vi ng in t he
l ower p a r t of t h e val l ey, whi l e t h e whol e of t h e uppe r pa r t i s still
Shi ah. From t h i s it may be i n f e r r e d t h a t t h e Sunni Shai kh Alis have
became so under pr essur e from t he i r Afghan ne i ghbur s , and t hat they
are still (in all pr obabi l i t y) Shi a hs a t he a r t l i k e t h e Hazaras of
Kala Nao.
"The Shai kh Alis of t h e Dara Shai kh A l i a ppe a r t o be on t h e whol e
very well-to-do. They a r e a l s o ( p e r h a p s i n cons equence) t h e qui et -
est and b e s t behaved of t h e r ace.
"The Dara Turkoman and Parsa glen.--The Dara Turkoman is a ver y
l ar ge val l ey bet ween t h e KO h-Dar waz, t h e e a s t e r n e x t e ns i on of t h e
oh-i-Baba, and t h e Paghman r ange. A t its head is t h e s m a l l di s -
t ri ct of Kesh, c ons i s t i ng of some hal f doz e n minor gl e ns , whi ch a r e
i nhabi t ed by Besud Hazaras, and bel ong t o t h e Besud d i s t r i c t . The
Dara Turkoman was de s c r i be d t o Peacocke a s a beaut i f ul , f e r t i l e , and
well-wooded valley. I t a ppe a r s t o be t h e main s our c e of f u e l in
t h i s pa r t of t h e count r y, and t h e wood us ed f o r smel t i ng t h e or e a t
Farinjal l ead mines is t a ke n from it.
"The Dara Turkoman d o e s not lie par al l el t o t h e Dara Shai kh Al i ,
but , s t a r t i ng from t h e Kotal-i-Lakshan on t h e wat er s hed of t h e
Helmand, it r uns about nor t he a s t f o r some 80 m i l e s and t h e n t u r n s
nor t h, cont r act i ng t o a narrow d e f i l e a t , or below, t h e vi l l age of
Loling. I s s ui ng from t h i s de f i l e , t h e st r eam j oi ns t h a t of t h e Dara
Shai kh A l i j u s t above Kala Doab, a s al r eady s t a t e d .
"The peopl e of t h e Dara Turkoman were originally Turkomans, r ef ugees
from t h e i r own count r y, but have l ong been s e t t l e d in t h e i r p r e s e n t
l ocat i on. They a r e s o much i nt er mar r i ed and mi xed wi t h t h e Hazaras
a s t o be t he ms e l ve s Hazaras t o al l i n t e n t s and pur pos e s . And t h i s
was t h e c a s e s o f a r back a s t h e t i m e of Babar, who a t t a c ke d and
plundered t h e Turkoman Hazaras a f t e r crossi ng t he Shibar pass on hi s
wi nt er march from Her at t o Kabul (1506-7). Li t t l e is known of t h e s e
peopl e, but t h e y seem t o be numerous. Dafadar Amir Khan s a ys t h e r e
ar e 3,000 f ami l i es in t h r e e sect i ons- - Shadi Beg, Mansuri, and A l i
Madat. Accordi ng t o Peacocke' s i nf or mat i on, t h e r e are 4,000 fami-
lies, and t h e y have f our taifas--Bacha Shadi , Mansur, Khi dar, and
Sur kh. The l ast - ment i oned f i g u r e seems a l a r g e est i mat e, but it
doubt l e s s i nc l ude s t h e 300 f ami l i es of Shai kh Alis, who l i ve, a s
Drummond was i nf or med, a t Darwaz. Possi bl y a l s o t h e 500 f ami l i es of
Parsa Hazaras l oc a t e d, accor di ng t o t h e same aut hor i t y, in t h e Parsa
gl en, a l a t e r a l val l ey of some s i z e , whi ch r uns down from t h e
Paghman r a nge and o p e n s i nt o t h e Ghorband val l ey a t Chahar deh,
s ever al miles below Kala Doab. Pr act i cal l y not hi ng is known of t h e
Parsa gl en or of its i nhabi t ant s. Accordi ng t o e xi s t i ng informa-
t i on, it would a ppe a r s a f e t o put down t h e popul at i on of t h e Dara
Turkoman and Dara Parsa t o g e t h e r a t 4,000 fami l i es. Though not
exact l y Shai kh Alis, t h e y must be r eckoned wi t h t hem f o r p r e s e n t
purposes.
"The t ot a l popul at i on of t h e Shai kh Ali d i s t r i c t may, t h e r e f o r e , be
est i mat ed a t about 6,000 s oul s .
"The Hakim in 1886 was Mir Sul t an, a Kandahari Af ghan, who was a l s o
K O t w a l (Naib Kotwal?) of Kabul ci t y. I t is not known what t h e
r evenue of t h e d i s t r i c t may be, but it is no doubt r egul ar l y a s s e s -
sed and pai d.
"Roads.-- Besides t h e main road which runs along t he whole l engt h of
t h e Dara Shai kh A l i , and g o e s over t h e Shi bar Kotal t o Bamian--there
ar e numerous t r a c k s over t h e hi gh r ange t o nor t h and s out h, l eadi ng
in t h e f or mer di r e c t i on t o t h e Sur khab, and in t h e l a t t e r t o t h e
Dara Turkoman. With r e ga r d t o t h o s e nor t hwar d over t h e Band-i-
Warsandan (Hindu Kush), Peacocke de c l a r e s t h e y ar e, a s a r ul e, ver y
bad and d i f f i c u l t f o o t p a t h s on t h e nor t h s i d e of t h e r ange, but a r e
f r e que nt l y pr act i cabl e f o r pack bul l ocks in t h e gl e ns l eadi ng up
from t h e Dara Shai kh Ali on t h e s out h. ( The Kaoshan and Chahar dar
Pass r oads pr evi ousl y ment i oned d o not s t a r t from t h e Dara Shai k h
*lit but from Ghorband. ) The gr a di e nt s on t h a t s i d e must , however ,
be much gr e a t e r t han t h o s e goi ng down t o t h e Sur khab on t h e nor t h.
Th e b e s t o f t h e s e p a t h s is t h a t u p t h e Dara Robat , over t he zak
Kot al and down t h e Dara Mur gh, b u t it is d i f f i c u l t .
Ther e appear to
b e a t least hal f a d o z e n t r a c k s l e a di ng s out hwa r d over t h e oh-i-
Darwaz i n t o t h e Dara Turkoman and Kesh. They a r e less di f f i cul t
t h a n t h e Hi ndu Kush p a t h s , some e ve n be i ng pr a c t i c a bl e f or camels of
t h e c ount r y. Accor di ng t o Pe a c oc ke , t h e t r a c k u p t h e Sagpar glen,
and ove r t h e Sa gpa r Kotal t o Gul ak, is t h e pr i nc i pa l r out e f or local
t r a f f i c t o Kabul, b u t wh e t h e r it g o e s f r om Gulak u p t h e valley and
ove r t h e Laks han Kotal t o Gardan Diwal, o r ove r t h e Paghman range
i n t o t h e Koh Daman, is uncer t ai n.
"Accor di ng t o Peacocke, t h e r e is a good camel r oad from Kala Doab up
t h e Tangi Lol i ng. A t t h e u p p e r e nd of t h e d e f i l e it di vi de s i nt o
t h r e e . The r i ght - ha nd br a nc h g o e s u p t h e Dara Turkoman, and again
d i v i d e s o n e r oad goi ng t h r o u g h Khe s h t o t h e Kotal I r ak; t h e ot her
by t h e Laks han Kot al t o Gardan Diwal. The mi ddl e br anch of t he
or i gi na l t h r e e g o e s ( up t h e Dara Sur kh?) t o Kot andar i n Paghman,
whi l e t h e l e f t hand br a nc h l e a d s i n t o t h e Par sa gl en.
" Suppl i es . Su p p l i e s o f gr a i n, g r a s s , b h u s a and ga r de n pr oduce are
pr oc ur a bl e t h r o u g h o u t t h e Dara Sha i kh Al i , and pr obabl y al so i n t he
Dara Turkoman. Fuel is s c a r c e i n t h e f or mer , b u t abundant in t h e
later. Camel gr a z i ng is s c a n t y i n t h e Dara Sha i kh Al i , but is said
t o b e good u p t h e l a t e r a l val l eys .
11. --Surkhab and J al mi s h.
"From t h e Shi bar Kotal we s t wa r d s t h e c ount r y is occupi ed by t he
Dar ghan, o r Khat ai , Hazaras, who c ove r all t h e e a s t e r n par t of
Bamian, and w i l l be f ound d e s c r i b e d u n d e r t h e head o f 'Bamian
Pr oper . ' T h e s e Dar ghan Hazar as e x t e n d u p t h e Bi r gi l i ch and ot her
g l e n s t o t h e nor t h wa t e r s h e d o f t h e Dara Bulola, b u t beyond t h e
wa t e r s he d t h e Sha i kh Alis r ecommence, and i n par t i cul ar occupy t he
Jal mi sh g l e n whi c h r u n s we s t - nor t hwe s t t o t h e d e f i l e s o f t h e Bamian
s t r e a m l oc a l l y known a s t h e Aodara.
" J a l mi s h i t s e l f is i n t h e Aodar a. T h e mai n v a l l e y f o r a s h o r t
di s t ance up and down, and t h e mouth o f t h e gl en, is known as Dahan-
i-Jalmish. Here t h e r e is c ul t i va t i on and a smal l popul at i on, but
a bove and bel ow Dahan-i-Jalmish t h e Aodara is an i mpassabl e gor ge,
and wi t h o u t i nha bi t a nt s a s f a r down a s Baghak, whe r e t h e r e are
Taj i ks . West of t h e Aodara, t h e Zar sang gl e n, j oi ni ng a t Baghak, i s
also Taj i k, b u t on t h e e a s t t h e l ong g l e n cal l ed t h e Dara ~ u r k a f is
Sha i kh Al i . The boundar y of Bamian r u n s n o r t h we s t from t h e Koh
Jaol angah al ong t h e wa t e r s h e d be t we e n t h e Aodara and t h e Dara
Pur ka f . Tur ni ng w e s t and s o u t h w e s t it i n c l u d e s Baghak and t h e Dara
Zar sang . Below Bag hak is Daob-i-Me k h zar i , whe r e t h e ~ a ma r d Stream
j oi ns . Daob-i-Mekhzari is i n t h e d i s t r i c t of Doab whi ch bel ongs to
Af ghan Tur ki s t an. The p e o p l e of Doab a r e Tat ar s, who a r e not exact -
l y Hazaras t h o u g h c l o s e l y aki n. ( They w i l l be f ound ment i oned under
nDoabH i n Volume 4.)
"Four or f i v e m i l e s bel ow Doab-i-Mekhzari t h e r oad on t h e l ef t bank
o f t h e r i v e r (now become t h e Sur kha b) c r o s s e s a c oupl e of s pur s
t h e Karimak Kotal. Here Sha i kh Alis re-commence and cont i nue down
t h e r i v e r t o Doshi . They a l s o i nha bi t a l l t h e a f f l u e n t gl e ns On
b o t h s i d e s . But t h e Doab d i s t r i c t c e a s e s a t Shut a r J a n g d , where is
t h e b o u n d a r y b e t we e n t h e p r o v i n c e s of Af g h a n ~ u r k i s t a n and
Badakhs han. From Shut a r Jangal onwa r ds , t h e r e f o r e , t h e ~ h a i k h Mis
are i nc l ude d i n t h e n e x t par t . ( See Volume 1.)
"The Dara Jal mi sh is a gl e n wi t h not hi ng ve r y r emar kabl e about it
e x c e p t t h e r u i n s of t wo a nc i e nt c a s t l e s cal l ed Kala ~ h a k - i - S a b ~ ~ *
I t is r a t h e r t h i c k l y popul a t e d, and t h e r e is a r oad t h r o u g h it whi c h
w i l l be f u r t h e r r e f e r r e d t o.
(A des cr i pt i on of t h e Surkhab from Doab-i-Mek hzar i downwards is giv-
en under "Surkhab" i n Volune 1.)
l l ~oads. - - The road al ong t h e Sur khab is of i mpor t ance, bei ng a pa r t
of t h e wi nt er road from Kabul t o Badakhshan and Tur ki st an. I t was
t h e Amir's i nt ent i on i n 1886 t o have t h i s made i nt o a gun r oad, but
not much a p p e a r s t o have been done t o it. H e t r avel l ed by it
himself in t h e s pr i ng of 1889 wi t h h i s whol e camp and an e s c o r t of
t r oops , and Mr . Gr i esbach r e p o r t s t h a t it was ha s t i l y i mproved day
by day a s h e advanced. The road t hr ough Jal mi sh is not ewor t hy. I t
is t h e d i r e c t road from t h e Shi bar Kotal t o Doab-i-Mekhzari, and
t he r e f or e , t o Kamard, etc. I t g o e s up t h e Bi r gi l i ch gl en c r o s s e s t h e
Jalmish Kotal, whi ch is pr act i cabl e f o r mules, but not f o r camel s,
and d e s c e n d s t h e Dara Jal mi sh t o Dahan-i-Jalmish. Cr os s i ng t h e
stream t h r e e t i m e s by eas y f o r d s , it g o e s west war d up t h e Muhammad
Kichar r avi ne t o t h e Kotal-i-Pandanao, on a s p u r of t h e Ghundak
mountain, and, pas s i ng over it, d r o p s i nt o t h e Dara Zarsang. A l l
t h i s pi ece, and a b i t l ower down in t h e gl en, is bad. I t is no
doubt f r e que nt l y t r avel l ed by yabus of t h e count r y and by bul l oc ks ,
but is har dl y pr act i cabl e f o r t r o o p s wi t h mule car r i age. Two more
kot al s a r e c r o s s e d b e f o r e r eachi ng t h e Saig han val l ey a t Dahan-i-
Peshang. The d e s c e n t from t h e s econd is d i f f i c u l t f o r mules.
Thence t h e road c r o s s e s t h e Kalich Kotal t o t h e Lower Kamard val l ey
t wo miles above Doab-i-Mekhzari. The Kalich Kotal is hi gh and
st eep, al t hough t h e road on t h e whole is good.
"There a r e a number of br anch t r a c k s from t h e Sur khab val l ey up t h e
gl ens on e i t h e r s i de . Thos e l eadi ng t o t h e crest of t h e Hindu Kush
ar e al l r oc ky and s o d i f f i c u l t in pl aces a s t o be pr act i cal l y
i mpassabl e by any t r oops . Thos e goi ng up in t h e o p p o s i t e di r e c t i on
t owar ds t h e Sur kh Kala val l ey and Doab-i-Shah Pasand a r e gener al l y
much eas i er , b u t none a r e of any g r e a t i mpor t ance.
"Supplies.--It i s not t o be s uppos e d t h a t any but s m a l l qua nt i t i e s
of s uppl i e s coul d be obt ai ned in t h e Sur khab val l ey, t h o u g h Tala
mi ght f ur ni s h some. However, g r a s s , gr azi ng, and f u e l a ppe a r t o be
abundant . Peacocke s a ys a cons i der abl e amount of s u p p l i e s would be
pr ocur abl e in Jal mi sh, wi t h abundance of f uel , whi l e dr i e d g r a s s is
found s t or e d in ever y hamlet.
Shaikh Al i Hazaras of Jal mi sh and Surkhab.
Sect i on Locat ion Number of Remarks
Fami 1 ies
Sadmarda Dara Jalmish 6 Dahan-i- 1,000 Were over 1,600
Jal mi sh (i n t h e d i s t r i c t f ami l i es, but
of Barnian) . many moved i n t he
summer of 1886 on
account of t he l oc us t s .
Karamali Barfak (40) Dara 8 0 Thes e a r e in t h e
Margh ( 40)
Ali Jam Tala (1, 000), Tangi 1, 055 Doab d i s t r i c t of
Anarbata (IS), Ashraf & Af g han Tur ki st an.
Paindeh ( 40) . Ashraf Khan, Sai yi d
Hazara appear s t o
Hasht Khoja Daman-i-Khilar (15) , 315 have been t he
Dara Wadu ( 300) . pr i nci pal man in
1886. H e l i ved a t
Tal a.
Tarmush Dara Tarmush, j us t 100
( Sai yi da) above Shut ur Jangal .
Tot al 2,550 f a mi l i e s .
"Peacocke al s o ment i ons t h e Gaohi, Gadhi , and Kalluk s e c t i ons . The
t wo f or mer a r e no d o u b t t h e Gawi and Koh-i-Gadi o f Doshi and Khin-
jan; t h e l a t t e r a r e i n t h e Dara Sha i kh Al i .
" As b e f o r e ment i oned, it was t h e s e Sha i kh Alis of t h e Sur khab who
f or me r l y p l u n d e r e d t r a v e l l e r s on t h e Kara Kotal, and r ender ed t he
Bamian ka f i l a r o u t e uns a f e . The Doab d i s t r i c t i n 1886 was under
Dilawar Khan, t h e Tat ar c h i e f o f Doab-i-Shah Pasand. H e was put to
d e a t h i n 1889 f o r pa r t i c i pa t i ng i n Sa r da r I s ha k Khan' s rebellion.
Ashr af Khan a p p e a r s t o have be e n local head o f t h e Shai kh uis,
r e s p o n s i b l e t o Dilawar Khan. A gua r d of 70 Khas adar s was maintained
i n t h e f o r t o f Tal a, a n d 40 mo r e a t Ba r f a k. T h e s e men were
Pa nj s hi r i s ( KO h i s t a n i Taj i ks ) , and s t r u c k Peacoc k e by t h e i r magnifi-
c e n t phys i que s . Th e Shai k h A l i s a r e a l s o f i ne , hardy-l oo king fel-
l o ws , and are c a p i t a l mount ai neer s . The y a r e a t enmi t y with t he
Tat ar s , b u t t h e smal l f o r c e of k h a s a d a r s was s u f f i c i e n t t o keep
o r d e r . A s a l r e a dy s t a t e d t h e Sha i kh Alis ha ve been par t i al l y dis-
ar med. The i r d r e s s is t h a t o f o t h e r Hazaras.
"Accor di ng t o Peacocke, t h e Sha i kh Al i s of t h e Sur khab ar e all
Shi a hs . They a r e i n f a c t f o l l o we r s o f Aga Khan of Bombay, whose
r e p r e s e n t a t i v e Sayyi d J a f a r , f or me r l y r e s i d e d among t hem; but he was
i mpr i s one d by A mi r Abdur Rahman s h o r t l y a f t e r h i s acces s i on, and
s e n t t o Mazar - i - Shar i f , w h e r e h e is s a i d t o h a v e b e e n still i n
c onf i ne me nt i n 1886.
"I t is n o t known wha t r e ve nue is pai d by t h e Sha i kh Alis of t he
Sur khab. In t h e t i m e o f t h e late Dilawar Khan, Chi e f o f Doab, t h e
r e ve nue of h i s d i s t r i c t was r e mi t t e d- - t ha t is t o say, h e l evi ed what
h e pl e a s e d f o r h i s own b e n e f i t , b u t it was less t ha n t h e usual
Government demand. Subadar Muhammad Husain says t h e Shaikh Rlis are
a s s e s s e d a t a l ow r a t e , whi c h is d i f f e r e n t i n d i f f e r e n t pl aces.
"The Sha i kh Alis of t h e Sur kha b d o n o t l e a v e t h e i r c ount r y t o seek
empl oyment a t Kabul or e l s e wh e r e .
" W e may now r e c a p i t u l a t e t h e popul a t i on of t h e whol e count r y occu-
pi e d by t h e Sha i kh Alis:
I . Shai kh A l i s of t h e Dara Shai kh A l i 1, 840 f ami l i es
Hazar as of t h e Dara Turkoman 6 Dara Par sa 4,000 f ami l i es
I I . Sha i kh A1 is of J al mi s h i n t h e Bamian
d i s t r i c t 1, 000 f ami l i es
Shai kh A l i s of t h e Sur khab i n t h e Doab
d i s t r i c t of Afghan Tur ki s t a n 1, 550 f ami l i es
111. Shai kh A l i s and ot he r Hazar as of Ghor i ,
Doshi , ~ h i n j a n , and Andarab i n t h e
pr ovi nc e of Badak h s han.
4,600 fami l i es
Tot a l 12, 990 " "
( ~ a i t l a n d . )
SHAI KHAN
dL
33-38 68-43 m. A vi l l a ge in Kharwar, a bout 23 m i l e s nor t he a s t of
G hazni . (I.B.C.)
SHA I KHAN
&U
34-40 69-23. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Koh Daman, a bout 2 miles s out he a s t of
Baba Kush Kar, on t h e l e f t bank o f t h e Sha ka r Dara st ream.
1nhabi-
t a nt s : Taj i ks. It is a pl a c e o f s ome 200 hous e s , and ha s numerous
ga r de ns . I. B. C. Ot he r pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name a r e l oc a t e d a t 34-19
70-2 m. and 34-14 69-53 m. (LWA)
SHAIKHAN
,)u
35-16 69-29.
A vi l l a ge i n t h e u p p e r Pa nj s hi r gl en, 6 miles above
Anaba. 30 h o u s e s of Taj i ks. ( Sha hz a da Taimus.)
SHAI KHAN o k .
32-53 69-9 m. A vi l l a ge of 50 h o u s e s and 1/2 m i l e s o u t h e a s t o f
ur gun. (I.B.C. Re c e nt maps s h o w t h e name Qar ya- i - Shai k h- ha.
(LWA)
SHAIKH BANDA 4 ' 4 +
34- 69-. A haml et a t t h e f o o t o f t h e n o r t h e r n s l o p e of t h e Lakar ai
Kotal, on t h e r oad t o Jal al abad. ( Col l et t . ) Re c e nt maps s how t h e
name Shai khan i n t h i s ar ea. (LWA)
SHAIKH KALA
d & L
34- 70-. A v i l l a g e i n t h e Ch a p r i a r d i v i s i o n o f t h e J a l a l a ba d
d i s t r i c t , a b o u t a m i l e n o r t h e a s t o f Kal a-i -Surk h. I n h a b i t a n t s :
Arabs (Kh waj azadas) . ( Jen kyns. )
SHAIKH-MIRAN, AB. -I See BAGHAL-I-KANDU
c j b +
SHAIKH MIRAN c i ' ~
A pl ace i n t h e Dai Kundi count r y. A pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d
a t 34-3 66-14 A. (LWA)
*SHA I KHU s
34-16 66- 51 m. A v i l l a g e on t h e Nawa- i - Bi ni gao, n o r t h w e s t o f
Binigao v i l l a g e.
SHAISTA KHEL
&&L
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge in t h e Kot di vi s i on o f t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t ,
a b o u t 2 m i l e s w e s t o f Madok Ba dok. I n h a b i t a n t s : Ti r a i s .
( Jen kyns . )
SHAI TANA &b&
34- 68-. A v i l l a g e i n t h e upper v a l l e y of t h e Helmand.
SHAITAN GUM ,&k
A pl ace in Laghman, e a s t o f t h e Ba dpa kht pa s s , and nor t h of t h e r oad
from t h e l a t t e r t o Ti r gar hi . No r oad p a s s e s t h r o u g h t h i s pl ace, and
it is onl y c e l e br a t e d f o r a s t o r y whi ch r e l a t e s how a Laghmani
s uc c e e de d i n c he a t i ng t h e d e v i l h e r e i n a bar gai n over t h e p r o d u c e
of some f i e l d s cl ai med by bot h. Shai t an Gum is f u l l of f o x e s , whi ch
t h e pe opl e c o u r s e wi t h g r e y hounds , and a n t e l o p e s a r e a l s o s ai d t o
be f ound in t h e ne i ghbour hood. (I.B.C.)
SHAITUS See KOH-I-SHAITUS vfiL:
*SHAKAR &
33-16 67-29 m. A vi l l a ge near Sangj oy, west of Koh-i-Charagah i n
Ghazni pr ovi nce.
SHAKAR DARA 4 ~ 4
34-56 69-27 A. A st r eam r unni ng n o r t h e a s t wa r d s from t h e Paghman
r ange i nt o t h e main wa t e r s of t h e Koh Daman. It a p p e a r s t o j oi n t h e
uni t ed Ghor band- Panj shi r st r eam some 1 5 m i l e s s o u t h e a s t o f Char i kar .
(Kinloch.) Recent maps list t h e name Barikaw. (LWA)
SHAKAR DARA 4,d &
34-41 69-1 A. A vi Uage a bout 17 miles n o r t h we s t of Kabul, on t h e
nor t h s l o p e o f t h e l ow r i d g e whi ch s e p a r a t e s Koh Daman from t h e
plain of Kabul. I t is a d e l i g h t f u l vi l l age s ur r ounde d wi t h ga r de ns ,
g r a s s y s l o p e s , and g r o v e s o f s t a t e l y wa l nut t r ees. ( Ki nl oc h,
A.B.C.)
*SHAKAR DARA %J&
34-41 69-0. Shakar Dara is a ~ 0 l e ~ ~ a l i in Kabul province. The
wol eswal i c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 418 s qua r e ki l omet er s and has an
a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on whi ch ha s been es t i mat ed a t about 23,500,
The wol eswal i is nor t h of Pag hman and n o r t h we s t of Kabul. Shakar
Dara i nc l ude s about 59 vi l l a ge s , 37 of whi ch have more t han 500
i nhabi t ant s . The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows:
Deh ~au- i - Gul dar a, Rast Dara, Qala-i-Y unus, Marg h zar, Qala-i-Ahmad-
Shah Khel, Jangal ak, Payenda Khel, Maidanak, Chap Dara, Qala-i-~ali,
Koch ki n (Koch k i Qala-i-Wazir) , Dulana, Kh waja Wujud, Qala-i-Ezat,
Gawhar Tani , Qal a-i -Murad Be g, Qal a- i - Dasht , Qala-i-Danishmand,
Alg h o i , Haj i Bak h s h i , Se ya b Qu l i , Bedak- i - Gul dar a, Qala-i-
~k hundzada, ~ a l wa n o i (Chal warani ), Deh Balai Gul darah, Dara Guldara,
Qarya-i-Be h zad i, Qarya-i-Lako (Lah k 0) , Deh Yaqub, Sahra-i-Behzadi,
Syasang, Sal eh Khel, Sana Khel, J angi Khel, Fat eh Khel, Deh Boyazar,
Qala-i-Kh waja Az i z u d d i n , Karez-i -Ul ya wa Suf l a (Karez Mir), Bala
Karez, Alg hoy, Anjirak, Baye La1 Khel, Aqa A l i Khwaja, Haji Payk,
Deh Naseri , Aqa Al i Shai kho, Qarya-i-Janshah, Qala-i-Safed, Qala-i-
Ahmad, ~arya-i -Sul ai man, Tur kman, Qarya Sur k h Belandi, Shahi Khel,
D e h C h uqur a k , Qala-i-Yad g ar , Qarya-i-Mumen, Qarya-i-Eltefat, Qarya-
i-G haza, Qalam Andaz-i-Aq wam Kochi ( Naser i ) , and Bech Khel.
SHAKH
A s e c t i o n of t he Khat ai Hazaras.
SHAKHA
A s e c t i o n of t he Jaghat u Hazaras.
*SHAKH-I-SAHIB
33-35 68-29 m. An ar ea l oc a t e d a f e w m i l e s nor t he a s t of Ghazni.
( LWA
SHAKH-I-BARANTA ~i;&
34-25 69-12 G. A s ha r p- poi nt e d hi l l n o r t h e a s t of Charasi a, on t he
r i g h t bank of t h e Logar r i ver , t h e e a s t e r n s l o p e s of whi ch r u n to
t h e Khurd Kabul de f i l e . (I.B.C.)
SHAKH SANG
L. eL'
34-22 66-40 m. A vi l l age in t h e Dai Zangi count r y. The vi l l age i s
s out h of Shi na and s o u t h e a s t of As ghar at i n Bamian pr ovi nce. ( LWA)
SHAKI KHEL
32-59 68-9 m. A Sulaiman Khel Ghi l zai v i l l a g e i n Katawaz.
ccc JL:
SHAKIN O r SHKIN
JL
32-32 69-16 m. El evat i on 6,900 f e e t . A vi l l age in Sulaiman Khel
count r y, s o u t h of Birmal. (I.B.C.) Recent maps show t h e spel l i ng
Sh k i n . (LWA)
SHAL
Jk
35-5 71-22 m.
A l a r g e vi l l age in t h e Kunar val l ey, on t h e l e f t bank
o f t h e r i v e r , 48 miles a b o v e J a l a l a ba d, ha vi ng a f o r t wi t h 200
hous es . (Muhammad Al i . )
SHALEZ , Jk
32-28 68-28 m. A vi l l age in t h e Ghazni d i s t r i c t , 6 miles sout heast
of t h e t own of Ghazni and 1/2 m i l e s out h of Arzu. ( Hast i nge- )
SHALIM
+
33-47 69-48. One of t wo mud f o r t s (Saleh ~ h ~ n bei ng t h e ot her )
whi c h domi na t e t h e mout h f o t h e Chakmani val l ey a t a d i s t a n c e o f 1/2
mile f r om t h e j u n c t i o n o f t h e Gobar ak stream wi t h t h e Kurram r i v e r .
(Kane. )
* S HAMAKA
L
34-27 67-51 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d on a t r i b u t a r y o f t h e Hel mand,
nor t hwes t of t h e Behsud in Maidan provi nce.
SHAMAL
A mai n d i v i s i o n of t h e Sul ai man Khel .
SHAMAL Or BARGY JL-:
33-19 69-33 m. Shamal is an a l a q a d a r i i n Pa kt i a pr ovi nc e . Th e
a l a qa da r i c o mp r i s e s an area o f 1 5 6 s q u a r e k i l o me t e r s and h a s an
a g r i c u l t u r a l p o p u l a t i o n t h a t h a s b e e n e s t i ma t e d a t f r om 5, 772 t o
6,625. Th e a l a q a d a r i is b o u n d e d i n t h e west b y J a dr a n, i n t h e s o u t h
by Sp e r a h , and i n t h e east b y Nader S h a h Kot. Shamal h a s s ome 1 5
vi l l a ge s , 5 o f wh i c h h a v e mor e t h a n 500 i n h a b i t a n t s . Th e v i l l a g e s
a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f o l l o ws : Bar agay, Sayed Khel , Alo Khel ,
Sawi Kot , Qar ya- i - Al l ahuddi n, Ga n d a Khol a , Kh e l wa t i , Ko t i Kh e l ,
Kamal Khel , Dawi Khel , Zakar ah, Khwaj i Koat , Dangar Kalai, St a r Kas,
Ar m Kot, Zamji Kot i Khel , a n d Z a mj i Sai yed Khel .
*SHAMALKHEL
& J k
34-15 69-59 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d i n t h e e a s t o f Chakan i n Nangar har
pr ovi nce.
SHAMANGAL
& S L z
34-38 70-14 m. A v i l l a g e i n Laghman on t h e l e f t bank o f t h e Al i ngar
r i v e r , 1 m i l e a b o v e t h e j u n c t i o n o f t h e l a t t e r wi t h t h e Al i s hang.
I nha bi t a nt s : Ta j i ks a nd J a ba r Khel Ghi l zai s . (Warburt on. )
SHAMATI Se e SHAMTI
34-40 70-15 m.
SHAMAZAR
, \ , 4 L
33-54 68-58. A v i l l a g e i n Logar , a b o u t 4 miles s o u t h o f Bar aki
Rajan. I t is s i t u a t e d i n a val l ey, o p e n and w e l l c u l t i v a t e d , t h o u g h
wa t e r e d onl y b y ka r e z . (I.B.C.)
SHAMBAPUR a&
34- 70-. A v i l l a g e i n t h e S u r k h a b val l ey, J al al abad, c o n t a i n i n g
200 h o u s e s o f Taj i ks . (MacGregor. )
SHAMBOL, Or SHUMBAL See JOLAH
SHAMI L J+
Th e u n i t e d s t r e a ms o f t h e Kh o s t d i s t r i c t be c ome t h e Sharni l r i v e r
e a s t o f Matun. A v i l l a g e wi t h t h i s name is ne a r Ch u k i , Kunar, a t
34-43 70-53 G.
SHAMSHAPUR JX
34-25 70-17 G. A v i l l a g e i n t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t , s i t u a t e d on t h e
l e f t bank o f t h e S u r k h a b r i v e r , a b o u t 6 m i l e s a bove its j u n c t i o n
wi t h t h e Kabul. I n h a b i t a n t s : Taj i ks . ( J enkys . )
SHAMSHER SANG See BAKKAK (1)
&--
A pass wi t h t h i s name is l o c a t e d a t 34-38 66-46 G. (LWA)
SHAMS1 KHEL &+
A vi l l a ge i n Laghman, c o n s i s t i n g of t h e f ol l owi ng haml et s, viz.:
1. Watangatu 2. Nalu 3. Kr andal i .
I nha bi t a nt s : Dehgans. (Warburton. ) A vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is
l oc a t e d a t 34-45 70-7 G. (LWA)
SHAMS-UD-DIN KHAN
"Ld4\-
34- 69-. A f o r t i n t h e Cha r de h val l ey o f Kabul, i ncl uded i n t he
v i l l a g e o f Sa r a s i a . I n h a b i t a n t s : Ta j i k s , a b o u t 20 f ami l i es.
( I .B.C.)
SHM-UD-DIN KHAN "Lad\-
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Sur kha b di vi s i on o f t h e Jalalabad dis-
trict. I nha bi t a nt s : Ta j i ks and Ghi l zai s. Thi s vi l l age is under
t h e same headmen a s Sultanpur-i-Bala. ( Jenkyns. )
*SHAMS-UD-DIN
33-35 67-59 m. A village and a da r a i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
SHAMTI O r SHAMATI
,,i .L
34-40 70-15 m. A vi l l a ge i n Laghman on t h e l e f t bank o f t h e Alingar
r i ve r , 2 1/2 m i l e s above its j unct i on wi t h t h e Al i shang. Thi s is
o n e of t h e pr i nc i pa l p l a c e s i n Laghman, and is composed of t he
f ol l owi ng haml et s. I nhabi t ant s : Sha ms he r Khel and Khan Khel G hil-
z a i s :
1. Ni l awat 6. Kal a- i - J al al Khan
2. Banda-i-Fateh Khan 7. Kala- i-Yar Muhamnad
3. Ghandi Tari a Khel 8. Banda-i-Mamo Khan Kachu
4. Deh-i-Sahibzada 9. Hakimabad
5. Lakar-i-Akhunzada 10. Bela-i-Par-i-Dar i a .
(Warburton. )
SHAMU KHEL &$
33-59 69-39 G. A vi l l a ge i n Uppe r Kurram, on t h e Hazardarakht
r i ve r , a bout 13 miles w e s t of t h e Paiwar Kotal. The r e is a sl ope
near t h i s vi l l a ge on whi ch a c ons i de r a bl e f o r c e coul d be encamped.
Water is a bunda nt f r om t h e above r i ve r . (Lumsden. )
*SHANASHI
*L
34-23 67-17 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e Darazqol , s o u t h west of t h e
Koh-i-Chaharband i n Barnian pr ovi nce.
SHANGOL See NOACH (&).birL
A v i l l a g e c a l l e d Shi ngol is l oc a t e d a t 35-13 69-39 G.
SHANUR
&+
34-46 70-18. A vi l l a ge i n Laghman, on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Alingar
r i ve r , 3 m i l e s s o u t h we s t of Badi abad, and gi vi ng its name t o a small
d i s t r i c t . ( War bur t on, Dutton. )
SHAOKRI
34- 70-. A v a l l e y o f t h e J a l a l a ba d d i s t r i c t .
f ol l owi ng vi l l ages :
I n h a b i t a n t s
Mamug a i Kandahar is - Daodhai
Mul l agar hi II - Hazarnao
Khan Dat a
II - Kubandi
Wa k h t i n k a i Ma s uwi ds - Sabazai
Deh-i-Garbar Kandahar i s - Maya
Shi khal Gurbuz - Gar gi
4A+
~t c o n t a i n s t h e
I nha bi t a nt s
Gurbuz
11
II
I t
Musawids
Banuza i
whi ch h a v e i n a l l 1, 000 h o u s e s . (MacGregor.) ( Thi s d i v i s i o n o f t h e
d i s t r i c t is n o t t o b e i d e n t i f i e d now. I.B.C.)
*SHAR
,k
34-28 67-4 m. A v i l l a g e on a t r i b u t a r y o f t h e Dara-i-Mur, some 7
miles n o r t h o f Panjao i n Bamian pr ovi nce.
*SHARAH
d,L
34-49 67- 26 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d a f e w miles n o r t h e a s t o f
Qar ghanat u i n Bamian pr ovi nce. Anot her vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is
l oc a t e d a t 34-29 67-20 m.
SHARAK KUSHTA See AKZARAT (1).
*SHAWN 6
33-10 68-44. Shar an is a wol eswal i in Ghazni pr ovi nce. The wol es-
w a l i c o mp r i s e s an a r e a o f 580 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s and h a s an a gr i c ul -
t ur a l popul at i on t h a t h a s be e n e s t i ma t e d a t from 11, 022 t o 13, 012.
The wol eswal i is bounde d i n t h e n o r t h by Deh Yak, i n t h e w e s t by
Andar, i n t h e s o u t h we s t by Yusuf Khel, and i n t h e e a s t by Mota Khan
and Sar howza. The wol eswal i h a s a bout 104 vi l l a ge s , 6 of whi ch have
more t ha n 500 i nha bi t a nt s . The v i l l a g e s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s
f ol l ows: Islam Khel , Asghar , Amni Khel, Bar akat Khel, Pa t t Khel ,
Tazi Wall, Tat i Wall, Tar ukai , Jabar Khel, Zadran, Chagan, Ch a r d e h ,
Chakan, Chambar-i-Zamir, Haji Payendah Moh' d, Khanak W a l l , Khachi ,
Khanigai, Khahu, Khal ak, Kh waja Khel-i-Mirak, Kh waja Dur-Khel, Sala,
Dagar ay, Dal u, Da nda k, Zawal i , Sul ai man Zai, Su r k a i Khe l , Sa y e d
Ahmad Khel , Sha t or i , Shar an Khush k, shehabud din-Batan, Sh e r Khanai,
Saf un, Ambar Khel , Emran Khel, Ata Gul, Algai Khel, Ghuhdai , Fat ema
Khel, Qala-i-Haji-Ahmad Khan, Qala-i-Haji-Amir, Qala-i-Khal, Qala-i-
Sur kh, Qala-i-Mirza, Qamar r uddi n, Kakai, Kashi Wall, Kanawah Khel ,
Kotwal, Kari, Godal-i-Moh' d Khel , Godal-i-Mamai, Gula Wal, Lat Wal,
Mahamad Khel , Go d a l Kat i , Madad Khel , Muqar ab Khel , Mal ekan,
Mal kakai , Mas wa s s , Moli Wall, Mahr aban, Mul l ayan, Nazar Khan,
Ni yazi , Hai bat , Y a r o Wall, Haj i Yar-Wall, S h a r Al i - Pat an, Mulla
Patan, Pat wall-i-Khohna, Gul, Fut Khel, Haji Dadai, Mo hamad Sat ar ,
Qart anan, Gada Khel, Mizak, Momen, Khozun, Khudaye Dost , Hani f,
Nawabk h e l , Qala-i-Fa k h r u d d i n , Khal qan, Qala-i-Hazar, Qala-i-Tobi,
Hazar Khel, Shahr-i-Kuhna, Azamat, Baz Qala, Sabad Khel, Sul t an,
Shahnawal l - i - Ul ya, Sh a h n a wa l l - i - Su f l a , Haf r i , Jabar Khel-i-Andar,
Karri Khel, Najar, Burj-i-Patan, Chambar-i-Haji Rozhan, Tar aki Khel-
i -Sharan, Babu Khel , Nazuk Wall, Haji Khel, Haji Khel-i-Kuchi, and
Kok Khel.
SHARFAK
A t agao i n Yakh Walang. See "Bamian ( Di s t r i c t ) ."
SHARGUL c d ~
35-11 71-29. A Sha i kh haml et in Kaf i r i st an, c o n s i s t i n g of 8 poor -
l ooki ng h o u s e s , whi c h, wi t h c a t t l e - s h e d s , a r e e nc l os e d by a s q u a r e
wall. I t i s onl y a f e w h u n d r e d y a r d s from t h e l e f t bank o f t h e
Kunar, b u t is i nvi s i bl e from t h e r oad. I t s t a n d s on t h e l e f t bank o f
t h e Sh a r g u l t o r r e n t , and is a bout hal f - way b e t we e n Nari and Sao.
(Robert son. )
*SHARIPKHEL J++
34-17 69-37 m. A vi l l a ge on a st r eam, n o r t h o f Azro and 2 m i l e s
s out hwes t o f Lahuri i n Nangar har pr ovi nce.
SHARSHAHI ( %$p~) &&
34-16 70-34 m. A g r o u p o f v i l l a g e s on t h e l e f t bank o f t h e Papin
r i v e r , a b o u t 2 1 m i l e s s o u t h e a s t o f Jal al abad. Th e l a r g e s t of t he
v i l l a g e s c o n t a i n s a b o u t 300 h o u s e s and h a s a bazar o f some 20 shops,
Th e r oad f r om S h a r s h a h i t o Jal al abad is s a i d (1906) t o have been
made f i t f o r wh e e l e d t r a f f i c . Th e r e is a g o o d campi ng gr ound here
and s u p p l i e s a r e p l e n t i f u l . Fo d d e r f o r 8, 000 ani mal s f o r one day and
a b o u t 1, 600 maunds o f ungr ound gr a i n a r e obt ai nabl e i n t h e village
and nei g hbour hood. Fu e l is also pr ocur abl e. Donkeys o f good stamp
a r e avai l abl e h e r e i n l a r g e number s. I . B. C. J ohns t on. ) Thi s ap-
p e a r s t o b e t h e p r e s e n t Sh a h i Kot. (LWA)
SHARSHARI 6;
35- 67-. A g r o u p o f ha ml e t s in t h e Walang val l ey, 50 hous e s of
Takanas. ( Mai t l and. )
SHARZA KHAN JA 6 s
34- 70-. A v i l l a g e i n t h e Su r k h a b d i v i s i o n o f t h e Jalalabad dis-
trict, a b o u t 2 m i l e s n o r t h we s t o f Ghaur hak. I nhabi t ant s : Tajiks.
( Jenkyns . )
SHASHBURJA +R-
34- 68-. A haml et o f 12 h o u s e s i n t h e Kalu gl e n, 4 1/4 miles
n o r t h w e s t o f t h e Haj i gak Kotal. ( Ami r Khan.)
SHASHBURJA
A gr oup o f haml et s i n t h e Besud count r y.
SHASHGAO JUG
33-45 68-33 m. El evat i on 8, 184 f e e t . A wal l ed vi l l a ge 1 3 miles from
Ghazni a nd 5 m i l e s n o r t h o f t h e S h e r Dahan pas s . I t is s i t ua t e d on
t h e Sh i n i z s t r eam and is s u r r o u n d e d by a c o n s i d e r a b l e amount of
c u l t i v a t i o n and numer ous f o r t s . An o p e n pl ai n a f o r d s a site f o r a
g o o d campi ng g r o u n d , t h e h i l l s t o t h e e a s t bei ng about 1 mile di s-
t ance. Su p l i e s and f o r a g e a r e pr oc ur a bl e f o r a l a r g e f o r c e and a
mode r a t e amount o f camel - gr azi ng and l u c e r n f o r h o r s e s ; wat er is
s u p p l i e d by 11 kar ez. The whol e o f t h e Kabul-Kandahar For c e (10,000
f i g h t i n g men wi t h f o l l o we r s ) camped h e r e on t h e 1 4 t h August , 1880.
(I.B.C.)
Hough c a l l s t h e S h e r Dahan p a s s by t h i s name. (Campbel l , Lumsden,
Houg h, Havel ock .)
"SHAST-I-ZAIDABAD
, & T 4 d
34-15 69-7 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e Logar r i v e r , a bout 10 miles nor t h of
Kol angar i n Logar pr ovi nce.
SHATKHEL
A Sul ai man Khel Gh i l z a i v i l l a g e i n Katawaz.
SHATUR KALA d &
34- 69-. A s q u a r e f o r t wi t h b a s t i o n s and h i g h wal l s, on t h e r i ght
bank o f t h e Logar r i v e r , b e t we e n Bagrami and Kabul.
(Kennedy.)
SHAUN KARA I
&d uL:
34- 70-. A p a s s i n t h e Kabul Ts a p p a r r a n g e ove r whi ch a f oot pat h
l e a d s f r om Pa s ha t i n t h e Kunar val l ey t o t h e Muhmand val l ey of
Mitai. (I.B.C.) Re c e n t maps s h o w t h e name Shamkar. Ot her s our ces
s h o w t h e name Shaunkanr ai f o r a dar a, a t 34-40
70-59 m. (LWA)
SHAWAK dl+
33-25 69-23. Shawak is an al aqadar i i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce. The al aqa-
da r i c ompr i s e s an a r e a of 129 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s and ha s an a gr i c ul -
t ur a l popul at i on t h a t h a s been e s t i ma t e d a t from 6, 530 t o 9,950. The
al aqadar i is bounded i n t h e west by Zurmat, t h e nor t h w e s t by Gar dez,
in t h e s o u t h and e a s t by J adr an, and i n t h e nor t h by Sayed Karam.
Shawak ha s some 24 vi l l a ge s , 4 of whi ch have more t ha n 500 i nhabi -
t a n t s . Th e v i l l a g e s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f o l l o ws : Gha l ka i ,
Shabak Khel, Loch Khel , J ani Kot, Tamar Kot, Shams hi r i Kalai, Naway
Kot, Mazari Kach, Khwajadad Khel, Ibrahi m (Baraim), Kar Khel, Musa
Khel , Arab Khel , Ak h t e r Khel , Mar achan, Nazar G u l ( Nazar Kot
Shawak) , Goran, Sarwar Khel, Lambaly, Sur Gul Khan, Gunday, Sapar
Khan, Gul daray, Khoj i Khel, and Zor Khel.
SHAWAL Ck.:
35- 71-. El evat i on 14, 030 f e e t . A p a s s ove r t h e e a s t e r n wa t e r s he d
of t h e Ba s hgul val l ey, n o r t h e a s t of t h e Manjam. Over t h e Shawal p a s s
a f o o t p a t h l e a d s t o Ayun i n t h e Chi t r a l val l ey. (I.B.C.)
SHAWAZ j ' ~
33-48 69-5. A p a s s l e a di ng from Logar i n t o Zurmat, a bout 3 m i l e s
n o r t h we s t o f t h e Al t i mu r pa s s , and s ai d t o b e much mor e d i f f i c u l t
t ha n t h e l a t t e r . ( Gasel ee, Bi shop. )
SHAWAZ j ' ~
33- 69-. A vi l l a ge near t h e p a s s o f t h e same name, 2 m i l e s s out h-
e a s t of t h e l a t t e r . ( Gasel ee, Bi shop. )
*SHEKARI UG
34-54 68-2 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e r i ve r o f t h e same name, a bout 8
miles n o r t h we s t o f Shi bar i n Bamian pr ovi nce.
SHERABAD dq,&
34-14 71-1 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e Kabul r i ve r , near Lal pur , Nangar har
pr ovi nce.
SHER AHMAD
A sub- sect i on of Da i khi t a i Hazar as.
*SHERAI &
34-48 67-48 m. A vi l l a ge on a t r i but a r y of t h e Bamian r i ve r , a f e w
miles s o u t h west of Bamian.
SHERAKA I LX&
35-6 68-59. El evat i on 7, 495 f e e t . A g r o u p o f haml et s i n t h e Kaoshan
gl en, about 1 0 m i l e s above its j unct i on wi t h t h e Ghor band val l ey, on
t h e r oad l e a di ng over t h e Kaoshan p a s s i n t o t h e Khinjan val l ey.
Ther e is room f o r onl y a smal l de t a c hme nt t o camp he r e , on some
s m a l l f i e l d s ; t h e r e is a good and abundant wat er - suppl y, and s u f f i -
c i e n t f u e l f o r c ooki ng pur pos e s ; s u p p l i e s a r e avai l abl e i n smal l
q u a n t i t i e s , p r i n c i p a l l y f r om Ta j i k s . T h e r e a r e s e v e r a l s ma l l
o r c h a r d s and p a t c h e s of t e r r a c e d c ul t i va t i on he r e .
From She r a ka i t r a c k s l ead e a s t wa r d s i n t o t h e Kol-i-Yer, and w e s t -
war ds, u p t h e Husain Dara, i n t o t h e Nimakao gl en. (I.B.C.)
SHER ALI KHAN cjL &&
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge in t h e Sur kha b sub- di vi si on o f t h e Jal al abad
d i s t r i c t . I nhabi t ant s: G hi l zai s. (Jen k yns.)
SHERAN, AB-I See BAGHAL-I -KANDU
SHER ANDAZ j' &\ , &
33- 68-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Ghazni d i s t r i c t , be t we e n Gazni and Kala-
i-Nazar Khan. (McLean.)
SHERDAD
A s e c t i o n of Da ul a t pa i Besud.
SHERDAGH
A v a l l e y i n t h e J a ghor i Hazar a count r y.
SHERDAGH
A s ub- s ect i on of t h e J a ghor i Hazar as.
SHER DAHAN "b a,&
33- 68-. El e v a t i o n 8, 300 f e e t . A p a s s i n t h e h i l l s be t we e n
Sha s hga o and Ghazni . It is t h e h i g h e s t s p o t on t h e road bet ween
Kabul and Kandahar.
SHER DARWAZA 4; '9, a+
34- 69-. El evat i on 7, 166 f e e t . The name gi ve n t o t h e sout her n
h e i g h t s o f t h e g o r g e t h r o u g h whi c h t h e Kabul r i ve r r uns t o t h e
n o r t h e r n s i d e o f t h e c i t y of Kabul. Th e s e h e i g h t s a r e t h e end of a
s p u r r unni ng n o r t h wa r d s from t h e Takht - i - Shah, and a r e , f aced from
t h e n o r t h by t h e Asmai hi l l .
*SHERDOSH w 9 ah
34-40 67-15 m. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Koh-i-Baba, e a s t o f Sar-i-Qol, in
Bamian pr ovi nce.
SHERGARH J&
34-27 70-37 m. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Kama di vi s i on o f t h e Jalalabad
d i s t r i c t , a bout 1/2 m i l e n o r t h o f Kamal Khel. I nhabi t ant s : Tirais.
( Jenkyns. ) Anot her pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d near Ghani khel ,
Nangar har , a t 34-12 70-47 m. (LWA)
SHERGARH 3 . .
34- 71-. The name gi ve n t o t h e f o r t bui l t by Sh e r A l i a t Dakka,
Jal al abad d i s t r i c t , and oc c upi e d by t h e Br i t i s h i n 1878, 1879 and
1880. (I.B.C.)
SHERGARH 3'
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Kot Di vi si on of t h e Jalalabad di s t r i c t ,
a bout 1/2 m i l e n o r t h o f Kamal Khel. I nhabi t ant s : Ti r ai s. (Jenkyns. )
Recent maps show t h e name Shegay, a t 34-11 70-39 m. (LWA)
SHERI J AN GUL
A s e c t i o n of t h e Chahar Dast a Hazar as.
SHER MUHAMMAD
-+
34- 68-. A vi l l a ge 30 m i l e s s o u t h we s t o f Kabul, near t h e sout h
e n t r a n c e o f t h e Maidan val l ey and on a f e e d e r o f t h e Kabul ri ver.
( Thor nt on. )
SHER PA0
A+
A s e c t i o n o f t h e Ghi l zai cl an, who have mi xed wi t h t h e Taj i ks in t h e
Koh Daman o f Kabul, and al ong t h e n o r t h bank of t h e Kabul r i ver , a s
f ar as t h e e a s t b o r d e r of t h e Ghi l zai s.
They number a bout 6, 000 f ami l i es and are s ai d t o b e t h e s upe r f l ous
POPul at i on of t h e o t h e r c l a ns o f Ghi l zai s , who emi gr at ed from Kanda-
ha r l ong b e f o r e t h e rest of t h e t r i be . ( El phi ns t one. )
SHERPUR &
34-32 69-10 A. El evat i on 5, 781 f e e t . The cant onment bui l t by Ami r
S h e r A l i , 1 m i l e t o t h e n o r t h o f Kabul c i t y , a nd i n wh i c h t h e
~ r i t i s h army, unde r Si r Fr e de r i c k Rober t s , was be l e a gue r e d i n De c e m-
ber 1879. Sh e r p u r is s ai d t o be c onne c t e d wi t h t h e A mi r ' s pal ace a t
Paghman by an unde r gr ound pa s s a ge , r e pa i r e d i n 1902. (I.B.C.)
SHERZAD O r MAMA KHEL
a\-
34-15 70-0. She r z a d (Mama Khel) is an al aqadar i i n t h e Nangar har
pr ovi nce. The al aqadar i c ompr i s e s an a r e a of 583 ki l ome t e r s and h a s
an a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on t h a t h a s been e s t i ma t e d a t from 12, 251 t o
35,370. The al aqadar i is bounded i n t h e west by Hesar ak, i n t h e
nor t h by Sar obi , i n t h e e a s t by Khugi ani and Sur kh Rud, and i n t h e
s out h by Paki st an. She r z a d (Mama Khel) ha s a bout 23 vi l l a ge s , 11 o f
whi ch have more t ha n 500 i nha bi t a nt s . The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e
PG a s f ol l ows: Ghar r a Koti Khel, Samar Khel ( Shor wal a Khel ), Mama
Khel, Khadi Khel-i-Ulya Taw Taw, Khadi Khel-i-Sufla Taw Taw, Sur kh
Pul, Gar Khel-i-Taw Taw, Laghman Khel-i-Taw Taw, Tormi Marki Khel,
Marki Khel ha (Kher Marki Khel ha) , Koti Khel (Katbi Khel ), Kundai-i-
Taw Taw, Narai Jaba-i-Ta w Taw, Kot gai Gand uma k (Koat gai ), Pat l a,
I s hpan, Wadisar-i-Margi Khel (Wayshar) , Gandomak, She wa (Sha wah),
Zang zai, C hapar Margi Khel, Sadah Khel-i-Taw Taw, Sangar Khel-i-Taw
Taw, and Mar Khel.
SHESNAK
33- 69-. A g r o u p o f vi l l a ge s 12 miles from Tashnak on a r oad from
Kurram t o Gardez. The r e is room h e r e t o encamp hal f a br i ga de wi t h
guns , wi t h s u f f i c i e n t wat er from a s m a l l st r eam. (I.B.C.)
SHEWA a+
34-34 70-34 m. A t 8 miles f r om J a l a l a ba d t h e r o a d t o Ch i t r a l
"l eaves t h e hi l l s and r u n s up t h e Kunar val l ey par al l el t o and a bout
1/2 m i l e from t h e r i ve r , t h r o u g h a t h i c k l y popul a t e d and we l l -
c ul t i va t e d c ount r y, c u t u p by wat er c ha nne l s f e d from a smal l canal ,
whi ch f o r a f e w miles r u n s a l ongs i de t h e r oad. Thi s canal is c r o s s e d
in pl a c e s by s m a l l b r i d g e s of tree t r u n k s l ai d a c r o s s from bank t o
bank. For l o a d s he a vi e r t ha n gun-mul es or camel s t h e y would have t o
be s t r e n g t h e n e d . Shor t l y a f t e r e nt e r i ng t h e val l ey t h e f i r s t o f t h e
numerous Shi ga i ( Shewa?) vi l l a ge s is pa s s e d. The Sh e wa vi l l a ge s are
r e a c he d a t t h e 1 4 t h mi l e . The l a t t e r por t i on of t h e r oad, whi ch lies
in t h e Kunar val l ey, is ve r y good and s ha de d by a ve nue s of mul ber r y
t r e e s . A t Shewa wat er and f u e l a r e abundant , and t h e r e is e nough
good gr ound f o r a di vi s i on t o encamp be t we e n t h e hi l l s and t h e
r i ver . "
The Shewa vi l l a ge s a r e all f o r t i f i e d wi t h h i g h w a l l s and t owe r s , and
a f o r c e of 200 r e gul a r caval r y and 50 kha s a da r s is qua r t e r e d her e.
( Col dst r eam, I.B.C.) Anot her pl ace wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d on t h e
Ghorband a f e w m i l e s e a s t of Abgerd i n Parwan pr ovi nce, a t 35-0 68-
59 m. (LWA)
SHEWAK d*
34-4 66-57 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d a f e w miles n o r t h e a s t o f Spi ghaw
(Espighaw) in s out hwes t Bamian province. Other pl aces with t h i s name
a r e l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Dara-i-Mur, n o r t h e a s t of Panjao in
Bamian pr ovi nce, a t 34-25 67-10 m.; on a t r i but a r y of t h e Helmand,
e a s t of Pi t aoqol , in Bamian pr ovi nce, a t 34-5 67-21 m.; and on t h e
Logar r i ver , a f e w m i l e s s o u t h we s t of Bagrami in Kabul pr ovi nce, a t
34-27 69-13 m., t h e l a t t e r is a l s o cal l ed Shi waki .
SHEWAKI &
34-27 69-13 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e Logar ri ver, 4
m i l e s f r om Kabul, and c o n n e c t e d wi t h Deh-i-Yakub by a br i dge .
Th e r oad f r om Kabul, a f t e r c r o s s i n g t h e r i v e r he r e , br anches into
t wo, o n e r oad l e a di ng t o t h e Sang-i -Nawi sht a d e f i l e , t h e o t h e r going
t o But khak al ong t h e f o o t o f t h e Si ah Sang. I nhabi t ant s: Tajiks,
The r e a r e some 150 o r 200 h o u s e s i n t h e pl ace. (Kennedy, I.B.C.)
*SHIBAR 4
34-23 66-43 m. A vi l l a ge on a s t r eam, s ome 6 miles e a s t of Asgharat
i n e a s t e r n Bamian pr ovi nce. Ot he r p l a c e s wi t h t h i s name a r e l ocat ed
on a t r i but a r y o f t h e Band-i-Amir, n o r t h e a s t o f Si ahdar a in east er n
Bamian pr ovi nc e , a t 34-33 66-47 m.; on a t r i but a r y of t h e Dara-i-
Mur, s ome 1 0 m i l e s n o r t h o f Panjao i n Bamian pr ovi nc e , a t 34-30 67-
2 m.; and a f e w miles s o u t h o f Lal chak i n Ghazni pr ovi nce, a t 33-17
67-14 m.
SHIRAR &
34-53 68-9. Shi bar is t h e name of an a l a qa da r i i n Bamian province.
The a l a qa da r i c o mp r i s e s an a r e a o f 1, 076 s q u a r e ki l omet er s and has
an a gr i c ul t ur a l popul a t i on whi c h h a s be e n var i ous l y est i mat ed at
f r om 8, 212 t o 9,410. The a l a qa da r i is bounde d i n t h e w e s t by Bamian
and Sai ghan, i n t h e n o r t h by Kahmard, and t h e pr ovi nc e of Baglan, in
t h e e a s t and s o u t h by t h e p r o v i n c e s o f Parvan and Maidan. Shibar has
a bout 56 vi l l ages- a bout 4 o f whi ch ha ve mor e t ha n 500 i nhabi t ant s.
T h e v i l l a g e s l i s t e d i n t h e PG a r e a s f o l l o ws : Kalo, Pi r i Kalo,
Kuhna Kalo, Khaki Kalo, Tajak Kalo, Mir Bacha Kalo, Pusht-i-Mazar,
Miya Mardah, Jawzar , Qol-i-Mirak, Jan Mohammad (Kalo), Jandargul
Kal o, Jaw Qol -i -Kal o, Mir k a Kal o, J a l me s h , Daki ( Daki She ba r ) ,
Ghulam A l i Shi bar , Shah Qadam Shi bar , Sar-i -Shebar, Noka-i-Sar Shi-
bar , Zard Sang, Opar Ghundak ( Ghundak) , Abdal Khel, Zehburan-i-Pain
(Zebaram-i-Pain), Z e Mohammad-i-Pain, Malzar Beg (Hazar Beg) , Mard urn
Belal, Mard urn Zehram (Mard um Zehram-i-Bala) , Ziyashem (Zehyasim),
Quchangi, Khuk Kushta, Dahana-i-G hunda k, C ha ha r Gunbad, Siyah Khak,
Wata Pur, Gor bandak, Bar gal ech, Bulola wa Sh e kar i , Bulola, Paye
Muri, Khaki , Shi na Kalo, Ghai bat Al i Kalo, Tar aqchi Kalo, Ayam-i-
She ba r , Shunbul , Abpar, Wel ayat ak, Ghuj or ak, Ada1 Shi bar , Iraqi
Suf l a, Tot i K e s ht a, Iraq-i-Ulay, Qor ya k (No ka- i - Qor yak- i S hebar ) ,
Ke s h i S h e b a r , J o l a , Kaf s h Andaz- i - Bul ol a, ~bdar a- i - Hani f , Jawari
S h e b a r , Sa yyi d Pa r a k, Sa r - i - J a nde r Gul , Khar Qadam, Madar Qol ,
Kangor, Toghi , Mohammad Kacha, Baghak, Bal dar ghan, Sar Khoshk, and
Qambar i .
SHIBAR
J 4
34- 68-.
El evat i on 9, 800 f e e t . A p a s s l e a di ng from t h e head of t he
Ghor band val l ey i n t o t h e Bamian val l ey. ~t c r o s s e s an open, and
r a t h e r f l a t , wa t e r s he d whi c h c o n n e c t s t h e we s t e r n e nd of t h e Hindu
Kush wi t h t h e Koh-i-Baba r a nge ; it is of s p e c i a l i mpor t ance a s being
o p e n pr a c t i c a l l y all t h e year r ound, t h u s f or mi ng al most t h e only
communi cat i on, t h e Khawak p a s s e x c e p t e d , be t we e n Kabul and t h e
Pr ovi nc e s of Tur ki s t a n and Badaks han dur i ng t h e wi nt er . A road Over
t h Shi bar p a s s f or ms an i mpor t a nt l a t e r a l communi cat i on bet ween t h e
Cha ha r da r an Haj i gak r o u t e s f ol l owi ng it t h e h i g h p a s s e s on t he
Lat t er t wo r o u t e s a r e a voi de d. (I.B.C.) A vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is
l oc a t e d a t 34-54 68-14 A.
SHIBARAK
eJ&
34-28 67-20 A. A haml et i n t h e Dai Zangi d i s t r i c t o f Lal.
SHIBARTU & $&
34-44 67-27 m. A l ong gl en which de s c e nds nort h from t h e Koh-i-Baba
t o t h e Bamian val l ey. Wher e e n t e r e d by t h e main r oad f r om Yak Walang
t o Bamian 6 m i l e s from Kar ghanat u, t h e Shi ba r t u is about a m i l e
wi de, and is bounded on b o t h s i d e s by low hi l l s , its d i r e c t i o n bei ng
from we s t - s out hwe s t t o e a s t - nor t he a s t , o r t he r e a bout s . The r e a r e
s e ve r a l vi l l a ge s u p it, a bout a m i l e t o t h e r i g h t of whe r e t h e r oad
e nt e r s . About t h e same d i s t a n c e bel ow, t h e val l ey c o n t r a c t s l i k e t h e
Karghanat u, and its st r eam e s c a p e s t h r o u g h a d e f i l e t o j oi n t h a t
f r om t h e l a s t - na me d va l l e y. S h i b a r t u is p a r t o f t h e S h a h i d a n
s u b d i s t r i c t (see Bamian).
The r oad t u r n s down t h e val l ey a little way, and t h e n c r o s s e s it
di agonal l y. The l owe r p a r t of it, l i k e Kar ghanat u, is bar r en, and
t h e gr ound is s o f t and s al t y. I t is i n t e r s e c t e d by boggy little
st r eams, and t h e r oad is c ons e que nt l y by no means good. ("Shi bar" is
Uzbaki f o r mud, and "t u" is t h e pos s e s s i ve . ) I t would be d i f f i c u l t
t o g e t g u n s a c r o s s he r e , and t h e b e s t way would pr obabl y be t o e n t e r
t h e val l ey h i g h e r up, near t h e vi l l a ge s , whe r e t h e c r o s s i n g is s ai d
t o be b e t t e r . (Maitland.) A vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t
34-47 67-29 m. (LWA)
SHIDGUL Or SHUDGUL
JL
35-42 71-20 m. A Katir vi l l age on t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e Ba s hgul
r i ver , a s h o r t d i s t a n c e above Bragamatal. 140 hous e s . ( Rober t son. )
SHIDGUL L ~ L
35- 71-. A f i n e val l ey i n Kaf i r i st an, whi ch d e s c e n d s s o u t h and
joins t h e upper Pech j us t below t h e Wezgul-Uz hamezhalgul confl uence.
I t ha s its head i n t h e main r a nge whi ch s e p a r a t e s it from Minjan,
and is s ai d t o be a cul - de- sac. ( Rober t son. )
SHIGAI $
34-32 70-34 m. A s m a l l d i s t r i c t be t we e n t h e Besud di vi s i on o f
Jalalabad and Kunar, on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Kunar r i ve r bel ow
Shewa. I t s i nha bi t a nt s a r e Za khe l s and Arabs. The d i s t r i c t c ont a i ns
a good many f o r t s of t h e Kazi Khel Arabs, and is unde r t h e Hakim o f
J al al abad . (I.B. C .)
SHIGAL &
35-2 71-15 m. A c ol l e c t i on of vi l l a ge s i n t h e Kunar val l ey, 68
miles from Jal al abad; t h e y a r e numer ous and a r e i n and near t h e
mouth of t h e Shi gal Dara. The camping ground of t h e Boundary Mission
(1894-95) was j u s t i n s i d e t h e mout h o f t h e dar a, b u t a b e t t e r camp
f o r t r o o p s would be t h e c or n- f i e l ds j u s t bel ow t h e mout h, whe r e
t h e r e is pl e nt y of room. The r e is a good de a l of c ul t i va t i on whi ch
e x t e n d s f a r u p t h e dar a and 9 1 1/2 m i l e bel ow and about 1 m i l e
above t h e mout h of t h e dara. The pe opl e a r e Shi nwar i s. A r oad l e a d s
up t h e hi l l s on t h e s o u t h s i d e of t h e Shi ga l st r eam over t h e r a nge
i nt o t h e Katar and Dewaz dar as .
On t h e l e f t bank o f t h e r i ve r a little above Shi ga l a r e t h e Shur t a n
vi l l a ge s (Mamunds and Sal arai ) a t t h e mout h of t h e Shur t an Dara, t h e
scene of t h e f i g h t bet ween t h e Af ghans and t h e Mamunds r ei nf or ced by
Bajauris. Si nce t h e n t h e i n ha bi t a nt s of t h e s e vi l l a ge s have i ndul ge d
i n occasi onal l y s ni pi ng a t t r a ve l l e r s a c r o s s t h e r i ver . From Shur t a n
a road l e a d s u p t h e Shur t an val l ey over a low p a s s i n t o t h e Tangi
br anch of t h e Asmar Dara, whi ch j oi ns t h e Asmar Dara a t Dangam. On
l eavi ng t h e campi ng gr ound a t Shi ga l t h e Shi ga l st r eam is c r o s s e d by
a wooden br i dge . Thi s b r i d g e can be r i d d e n over , a s it is r i gi d. The
abut ment s l ook ha r dl y s t r o n g e nough t o resist t h e r u s h o f t h e wat er
i n summer; t h e a p p r o a c h e s t o t h e br i dge , e s pe c i a l l y t h a t a t t h e
n o r t h e n d , a r e bad, b u t coul d be ve r y e a s i l y i mpr oved. For t h e n e x t
hal f m i l e a r e t h e r u i n s of ol d s a nga r wal l s e r e c t e d a s a s he l t e r f or
t r a v e l l e r s i n t h e e v e n t o f t h e Mamunds a c r o s s t h e r i ve r shoot i ng at
t hem. About 1 1 / 2 m i l e s f r om Sh i g a l t h e r e is a kha s a da r p o s t called
" ~ h u s h k Obo." From t h i s p o i n t t o near Asmar t h e r oad, t hough fai rl y
good ot her wi se, c r os s e s sever al s ma l l nalas and de s c e nds and ascends
a good deal. (Coldstream.) Recent maps show t h e n a me Shigal Khwar.
SH IGANU &
32- 68-. A vi l l a ge on t h e r oad from Ghazni t o t h e Gumal pass,
b e t we e n Dand and Mi shkhel . I t c o n s i s t s o f a f e w f o r t s o f t h e Sulai-
man Khel a nd, wi t h Mest, is t h e onl y wat er i ng- pl ace on t h i s par t of
t h e r oad. (Broad f oot . )
SHIKARI &
34-54 68-2 m. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Bamian val l ey, s i t u a t e d a t t h e mouth
o f t h e Bul ol a gl en. ( Peacocke. )
SH I LGHAR 3.1.3
33-23 68-25 m. A d i s t r i c t o f t h e Ghi l zai c ount r y, s o u t h of Ghazni,
and l yi ng b e t we e n t h e Ala Koh and Ta kr i r a n g e s and t h e r i ver of
Ghazni . The popul a t i on a r e Andar Ghi l zai s , wi t h t h e e x c e p t i o n of t he
Tajik vi l l a ge s , Rahmak and Robat , e a c h o f a bout 150 houses. I t
c o n t a i n s a bout 340 s q u a r e miles, and a popul a t i on of about 20,000.
The w e s t p a r t is w e l l c u l t i v a t e d wi t h wheat , bar l ey, l ucer ne, and
c l ove r , and pa r t l y s u p l i e s Ghazni . The c o u n t r y is f l a t and easily
p a s s e d i n all d i r e c t i o n s . Water is abundant , and t r o o p s would be
w e l l s u p p l i e d .
Accor di ng t o Molly, " t h e bounda r i e s of Shi l g ha r a r e appr oxi mat el y as
f ol l ows : On t h e n o r t h are Kharwar and Ghazni , on t h e s out h Katawaz
a bout Kharbi n t o Jamrud. Eas t o f it lies Zurmat; Kalalgu, a Tajik
vi l l a ge , and Khwaja Khel , a S o h a k vi l l a ge , a r e s i t u a t e d on t h e border
l i n e in t h i s di r e c t i on. On t h e w e s t are t h e J a gha t u and Karabagh
Hazaras. I t is i nha bi t e d by Andar i Ghi l zai s , of whom I have t h e
f ol l owi ng s ub- di vi s i ons :
1. Lakkan Khel
2. J a l a l z a i
3. I br ahi mzai
4. Musa Khel
5. Marjan Khel
6. P i r Khel
7. Bazi d Khel
8. Rana Khel
"The Rana Khel are found bet ween Chahar deh and Mashaki; e a s t of them
a r e t h e Jal azai s. On t h e w e s t o f Nani i n Waghaz a r e t h e Musa Khel,
whos e we s t e r n b o r d e r s a dj oi n t h a t of t h e J a gha t u Hazaras. On t he
east o f Nani a r e t h e Bazid Khel. Th e r e a r e Tajik vi l l a ge s i n t h i s
d i s t r i c t on t h e e a s t s i d e o f , a n d n o t f a r f r o m, Gha z ni , vi2.t
Rahmak, Tahsan, and Robat. Th e Andar i s a r e comput ed a t 2,000 fami-
lies, and t h e i r r e ve nue amount s o t R s . 1,20,000.w (Broadfoot . )
SHIMILTU
+
34- 67-. El evat i on 11, 000 feet. A kot a l i n Hazarajat c r os s e d by
t h e Band-i-Amir Ghazni r oad, s ai d t o b e c l o s e d f r om t he begi nni ng of
December to t h e end of March.
SH I MRAM f'+
A v i l l a g e i n Laghman, i nha bi t e d by Kohi s t a ni s . (Warburton. )
SH INAGAM
f E ~
A t r i b u t a r y of t h e Kunar r i ve r , j oi ni ng on its r i g h t bank. asson on*)
*SHINA
LL.:
34-26 66-49 m. A vi l l a ge near Panj shanbeh i n we s t e r n Bamian pr ov-
i nce. Ot her vi l l a ge s wi t h t h i s name a r e l oc a t e d some 4 m i l e s e a s t o f
Asghar at i n e a s t e r n Bamian pr ovi nce, a t 34-23 66-41 m.; on t h e
Helmand r i ve r , some 8 m i l e s nor t h o f Behsud i n Bamian pr ovi nce, a t
34-26 67-54 m.; on t h e Dara-i-Sialayak, about 5 m i l e s s o u t h we s t o f
Bamian, a t 34-47 67-44 m.; on a t r i but a r y of t h e Helmand, one m i l e
nor t h o f Sh e r q o l i n Bamian pr ovi nce, a t 34-33 67-48 m.; and on a
t r i but a r y of t h e Ghor band, a f e w miles s o u t h o f Sha i kh A l i i n Parwan
pr ovi nce, a t 34-53 68-31 m.
SHINA KALA d*;r:
34-31 69-17 m. Two l a r g e Parsi wan vi l l a ge s in t h e Kabul d i s t r i c t ,
s i t ua t e d on t h e l e f t bank o f t h e Logar r i ve r , 2 miles nor t h o f
Bagrami, and s ur r ounde d by cul t i vat i on. (Kennedy.) Recent maps show
t h e name Shi na. (LWA)
SHINBUTY >+r*
33- 68-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Ghazni d i s t r i c t . I t ha s a f o r t , and is
i nhabi t ed by nomadi c Ghi l zai s. A s p r i n g of wat er i s s u e s from a
hi l l ock near t h i s . (Broad f oot . )
SHINGARIAN See ZAK irlozc:
SHINIA
&
34- 67-. An e a s y kot a l c r o s s e d by t h e Kabul-Hazarajat main r oad
about 3 miles s o u t h e a s t of whe r e t h e l a t t e r c r o s s e s t h e Helmand.
SHINIA r+L:
34-23 66-41 m. Two smal l vi l l a ge s on e i t h e r s i d e o f t h e Akzar at
va l l e y.
SHINIA rC;;
33- 66-. A small gl e n t r i but a r y t o t h e Shor kol . In its u p p e r p a r t
it is known a s t h e Haoz Tagao, and is e n t e r e d by t h e Bamian-Daulat
Yar main r oad a t 1/2 m i l e a f t e r c r o s s i n g t h e Kotal-i-Haoz. The r e is
a small haml et a t its mout h. (Pana Khan.)
SHINIA G
A vi l l age about 14 miles from Daulat Yar on t h e main Daulat Yar-
Hazarajat-Kabul r o a d .
*SHINIA 6
34-35 66-49 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Band-i-Amir,
s o u t h we s t of Yakawlang in Bamian pr ovi nce. Ot her pl a c e s wi t h t h i s
name a r e l oc a t e d some miles nor t h of Spi gha w ( Es pi ghaw) i n s o u t h e r n
Bamian pr ovi nce, a t 34-7 66-54 m.; on a t r i but a r y of t h e Hari Rud,
nor t h of As ghar at , a t 34-34 66-36 m.; on a t r i but a r y of t h e Band-i-
Amir, s o u t h o f Yakawlang in Bamian pr ovi nce, a t 34-37 66-59 m.;
near Dobuka a t t h e Dara-i-Shibar i n Bamian pr ovi nce, a t 34-28 67-16
m.; n o r t h e a s t of Behsud i n Bamian pr ovi nce, a t 34-23 67-57 m.; on a
t r i but a r y of t h e Garmab, s o u t h of Kamarak in Bamian pr ovi nce, a t 34-
8 67-36 m.; on t h e Qol-i-Khesh, some 1 5 miles s o u t h we s t of Asheq
i n Parwan pr ovi nce, a t 34-42 68-22 m.; and n o r t h e a s t o f Lal chak i n
Ghazni pr ovi nce, a t 33-22 67-25 m.
SHINIA (IN SIAB DARA) See BAGALAK KALA 4+L:
SHINIA-I-LALAK, AB-I &YG
34- 67-. An i mpor t ant st r eam f l owi ng i nt o t h e Helmund from t h e
nor t h in Besud.
SHINIA MAKHBUL
A smal l v a l l e y i n t h e nor t hwest of t h e Dai Kundi count r y.
SHINIA TAKHT
uG
34- 66-. A vi l l a ge in t h e Tal khak val l ey, Dai Kundi count ry.
SHINIZ jlG
34- 68-. A r i ve r whi ch rises i n t h e Sh e r Dahan pas s , north of
Ghazni , and, r unni ng nor t he a s t wa r ds , j oi ns t h e Langar stream at a
pl a c e known a s t h e Do-aba i n t h e Tangi Wardak, 2 1/2 miles sout h of
Shai k habad. The uni t ed wa t e r s a r e he nc e f or war d s t yl e d t h e Logar
r i v e r . (Dutton. )
SHINKAI &
33-57 69-19 m. A p a s s in t h e hi l l s bet ween t h e Shut ur Gardan and
t h e Logar plain. The a s c e n t t o it commences about 2 miles beyond t he
vi l l age of Dobandi, and is onl y 500 y a r d s i n e x t e n t , ver y s t e e p, and
a s e v e r e t r i a l f o r ba gga ge animals. The d e s c e n t t o Kushi is very
gr adual , and is 5 1/2 miles l ong. The Babar Ghi l zai s have a tower on
t h e us hi s i d e of t h i s pa s s , about 500 y a r d s from t h e c r e s t , which
mar ks t h e i r boundar y. (Kennedy.)
SHINKAI &
32-18 68-10 m. A r i d g e in t h e Ghi l zai c ount r y whi ch di vi des t he
pl ai n of Margha from t h e d i s t r i c t of Wazikhwa. I t is a west er n spur
of t h e Sulaiman r ange, and is pr obabl y t h e same r ange t ha t was
cr ossed by t h e Charder pass by t h e Bombay division going from Ghazni
t o Que t t a. (Broad f oot . )
SHINKAI &
32-47 67-37 m. A pl a c e s i t ua t e d some 10 o r 1 2 m i l e s w e s t of Mukur,
near Aghao Jan. Here, a t Shi nkai , t h e p r e s e n t Amir has est abl i shed a
s m a l l cant onment . (I.B.C.)
*SHINKAI &
34-20 69-15 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d some 5 miles e a s t of t h e Logar
r i ve r i n Logar pr ovi nce.
SHINKAI &
33- 68-. El evat i on 9,090 f e e t . A p a s s whi ch l e a d s from sout hern
Kharwar t o Zurmat. I t is e a s y f o r animals t o as cend t o t h e t op, but
t h e d e s c e n t down on t h e Zurmat s i d e is s l i g h t l y di f f i c ul t . A second
kot al , about a m i l e s o u t h e a s t of t h e Shi nkai , is al s o easy. (Gries-
bach.)
SHI N K O M
( J, $ ) 4s &
34-56 71-15 m. A small vi l l age and f o r t on t h e r i g h t bank of Kunart
7 m i l e s below C hi g ha Sarai.
SHINPAD ~ ' t &
A vi l l age on t h e s o u t h e r n s l o p e s of t h e Siah Koh r ange, 3 miles
n o r t h we s t of t h e Pezwan Kotal. (I.B.C.)
&
SH I NTSA
32- 68-. A hal t i ng pl ace 3 miles west from t h e ~ot a l - i - ~a r wa ndi
over t h e Sulaiman r ange. The r e a r e no hous e s , t h e cul t i vat i on being
mi gr at or y, but a l i t t l e watc h- t ower commands t h e cul t i vat i on, and
wat er is p l e n t i f u l from a s pr i ng.
Gr ass is s cant y, but t h e r e is an
abundance of t h o r n y b u s h e s and l ow trees f o r f uel . The i nha bi t a nt s
a r e ~ h i l z a i s , who onl y remain h e r e i n summer. (Broad f oot . )
SHI NWAR
J'+
34-11 70-48. Shi n war is a Loye wol eswal i in Nangar har pr ovi nce. It
c ompr i s e s an a r e a of 179 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s and h a s an a gr i c ul t ur a l
popul at i on t h a t ha s been e s t i ma t e d by var i ous Af ghan s o u r c e s a t from
6,900 t o 9,400. The wol eswal i is bounded i n t h e w e s t by Achi n, on
t h e nor t h by Bati Kot and Mohmand Dara, i n t h e e a s t by Darbaba and
in t h e s o u t h by Naziyan. Markaz-i-Loye Wol eswal i Shi nwar h a s a bout
10 vi l l ages , 5 o f whi ch have popul a t i ons o f more t ha n 500 i nhabi -
t ant s . The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows :
Gulai, Ghani Khel, Anar Bagh, Za Khel, Shi r ga r ( Ser gar ) , Katali,
Daga (Daga Ser ) , Lokhi , Ch e h i l Gazi, and Tor Lar gai (Siyah Chob) .
*SHINWAR J'G
34-20 69-36 m. A vi l l a ge near t h e Karkacha Ghar i n Kabul pr ovi nce.
SHI NWAR I &'L:
Where not o t h e r wise ment i oned, t h e i n or mat i on cont ai ned in t h i s
a r t i c l e h a s been t a ke n from a pa pe r s u p p l i e d t o t h e I nt e l l i ge nc e
Branch by t h e For ei gn Depar t ment , Sept ember 1888. The pa pe r was
compi l ed from t h e s e c ond e d i t i o n of t h i s Ga z e t t e e r , J e nkyns ' pamph-
l et on Jal al abad, Kaye' s "Af ghan War, 1839-43," and t h e r emai nder
from pr i va t e i n ormat i on.
Boundari es, etc.
The Shi nwar i s a r e a t r i b e who i nha bi t t h e c ount r y be t we e n t h e
Khugi ani s of t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t on t h e west and t h e Af r i di s o f
t h e Khaibar r a nge on t h e e a s t , a s w e l l a s t h e val l eys r unni ng nor t h-
war ds from t h e Sa f e d Koh and we s t wa r ds from t h e we s t e r n crests o f
t h e Bazar val l ey, be t we e n t h e above t wo l i m i t s ; o r t a ki ng a d i f f e r -
e n t view of t h e i r boundar y, t h i s may be s ai d t o commence a f e w
miles e a s t of t h e Khugi ani vi l l a ge of Agam, and r uns d u e s o u t h wa r d s
t o t h e crest o f t h e Sa f e d Koh, and t h e n f ol l ows t h a t r i d g e i n an
e a s t e r l y di r e c t i on t o t h e head of t h e Bazar val l ey; it t h e n c u r v e s a
little nor t hwa r ds t o t h e Thabai pa s s , p a s t t h e Panr Per i hi l l t o t h e
Ts at s obi pa s s , and onwa r ds t o t h e hi l l d u e w e s t o f Khargal i . I t t h e n
t a k e s a c u r v e e a s t wa r d s up t o t h e crest of t h e hi l l t h a t f or ms t h e
nor t he r n boundar y of t h e Bazar val l ey, and t h e n nor t hwa r ds by Loe-
Char wazi t o t h e we s t e r n l i m i t s o f Laka Sar on t h e Tar t ar a r ange;
from h e r e it r u n s t o Tor Ts appar , l eavi ng t h e Kam Shilman val l ey t o
t h e nor t h. The l a s t por t i on o f t h i s t r a c t embr aces t h e Landi Kotal
pl at eau, whi ch be l ongs t o a s e c t i o n of t h e Al i s her Khel Shi nwar i s ,
who, s i n c e t h e s i g n a t u r e of t h e Tr eat y of Gandamak, have come unde r
t h e pol i t i c a l c h a r g e of t h e Br i t i s h Government . Sp u r s from t h i s
plateau run down west war ds t owar ds Tor Khan, Haft Chah, Tangi. The
l and is cl ai med by t h e Shi nwar i s u p t o t h e s e pl a c e s , but t h e
boundar y h a s not been f i nal l y demar cat ed or d i s p o s e d of wi t h t h e
Af ghan Government . Anot her br anch of t h e Shi nwar i t r i b e r e s i d e s i n
t h e Kunar val l ey, and on t h e b o r d e r s of Bajaur; b u t a l t hough w e
have hear d o f t h e s e pe opl e , w e have never been a bl e t o g e t any
i n ormat i on r e ga r di ng t hem.
The summit of t h e Sa f e d Koh, whi ch f or ms t h e s o u t h e r n l i m i t of t h e
Shi nwar i c ount r y, va r i e s from 12, 000 t o ove r 15,OO f e e t in h e i g h t ,
and is d e n s e l y wooded f o r a c ons i de r a bl e d i s t a n c e downwa r ds wi t h
Pi ne and wal nut and o t h e r t r e e s t h a t gr ow a t t h i s a l t i t u d e i n a
mount ai nous r egi on. Ri dge s t h e n d e s c e n d nor t hwa r ds till t h e y meet
t h e pl ai ns, f or mi ng pl at eaux and e x q u i s i t e val l eys, wi t h bol d s c a r p
s i d e s f i l l e d wi t h f r u i t trees of all d e s c r i p t i o n s . The vi ew from t h e
hi l l above Band Kaddi Roghani s o u t h wa r d s u p t h e Rud-i-Hisarak
t o wa r d s t h e Sa f e d Koh, is o n e o f t h e p r e t t i e s t s i g h t s t o be seen in
Af ghani s t an: w e l l wa t e r e d, f u l l of f o r t s wi t h mas s i ve t owe r s a s
far
a s t h e e y e can see, f r u i t trees i n pr of us i on, and i n t h e background
t h e Saf ed Koh cover ed wi t h snow, showi ng black, dar k pat ches where
t h e f o r e s t s abound. In t h e Sangu Khel c o u n t r y t h e hi l l s a r e not so
l o f t y , nor s o wel l c o v e r e d wi t h t i mber , t h e h i g h e s t peak not being
mor e t h a n 6, 000 f e e t i n a l t i t ude . I t is mor e r u g g e d i n its nature,
and p o r t i o n s o f it p r o d u c e not hi ng b u t r oc k and s t one .
Th e pr i nc i pa l da r a s , o r wat er - cour s es , wi t h t h e vi l l a ge s near t hem
ar e: Fi r s t , t h e we s t e r n, t h e Agam o r Cha pr i a r Dara, whi ch is joined
by a lesser s t r eam known a s t h e Kambo. The vi l l a ge s a r e Kambo,
Pachi r , Agam, Chapr i ar , and Daul at zai , t h e l a s t t h r e e bei ng each
c ompos e d o f t we n t y t o t h i r t y f o r t s o r e n c l o s e d haml et s. Second, t he
Papi n or ~ a z i n a Dara; v i l l a g e s Papi n, Hi sar ak, Mazina, Sher s hahi , in
a l l c ompos e d of n o t less t h a n o n e h u n d r e d f o r t s . Thi r d, t h e ~ o t
Dara; vi l l ages : Kot, Sh a s h Khel , Jaba, Tr el ai , a bout hundr ed f or t s.
Four t h, t h e Mahman Dara; vi l l ages : Mahman, Maidanak, Chalgazi,
Zer bacha, c ompos e d of f o r t y t o f i f t y f o r t s . Fi f t h , t h e Pesha or
Pe kha Dara, j oi ned a t Deh Sar ak by t h e Nangas and Bandan Daras, and
at Pe s h Bolak by t h e Nazian Dara; vi l l ages : Pe s ha , Kasht al , Sandak,
Nangas, Bandan, and Nazian, c ont a i ni ng n o t less t ha n 150 t o 200
f o r t s . The f o r t s a r e ge ne r a l l y a bout 100 y a r d s l ong and broad,
e n t e r e d by a s t r ongl y- made ga t e wa y and f l a nke d by t owe r s a t each
c or ne r , t h e towers r i s i n g t o 25 and 30 f e e t , t h e w a l l s bei ng 12 t o
1 5 f e e t .
Bet ween t h e Nazian Dara and t h e we s t e r n wa t e r s he d of t h e Bazar
val l ey and t h e Khai bar, a b r e a d t h o f a bout f i f t e e n miles, t h e coun-
t r y is ve r y d i f f e r e n t . A mass o f i nt r i c a t e , bar r en, treeless hi l l s,
wi t h a f e w smal l haml et s and cave-d we l l i ngs h e r e and t here-very
d i f f i c u l t , y e t twice t r a v e r s e d and r e - t r a ve r s e d by Gener al Tyt l er' s
col umn i n 1878-79. It c o n t a i n s t h e haml et s of Chi nar , Kasoba, and
Ts a t s obi be t we e n Nazian and Bazar, and a bove Landi Khana t h r e e or
f o u r haml et s known a s Khar gal i . Khar gal i b e l o n g s t o t h e A1 i s h e r Khel
clan. " (N. W. F. Ga z e t t e e r )
Rout es . The communi cat i ons be t we e n t h e Bazar val l ey and Sangu Khel
Shi nwa r i c ount r y is by means of f i v e pa s s e s . The mos t nor t her n is
c a l l e d Ts a t s obi , t h e n c ome s t h e Thabai , a f t e r t h a t Mazuri or ~ a z r u i ,
t h e f o u r t h is c a l l e d Dabbar, and t h e f i f t y Shi ngha i Ghakha.
The Ts a t s obi lies near t o t h e Khus r ogi c a ve haml et s a t KhwaK i n t he
Bazar val l ey, and is s a i d t o b e t h e b e s t p a s s be t we e n t h i s valley
and t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t . The a s c e n t is by a s t e e p zi g-zag about
t wo miles i n l e n g t h , whi c h l e a d s t o t h e crest of t h e kot al , 1,000
f e e t a bove Bazar, and d e s c e n d s i n a si mi l ar manner down s t e e p , oak-
c ove r e d s l o p e s , a t t h e bot t om of whi c h a wel l - cul t i vat ed valley
d e s c e n d s g e n t l y t o t h e Ts a t s obi vi l l a ge s , wh e r e t h e r e is water and
room t o encamp. Prom h e r e t h e r oad r u n s n o r t h we s t f o r 3 1/2 miles t o
t h e vi l l a ge of Chi nar , f r om whi c h t r a c k s d i v e r g e t o ~ a s a wa l and
Dak ka. Th i s r o u t e is pr a c t i c a bl e f o r l a de n camel s. The ~ s a t s o b i Pass
is hi s t or i c a l , a s be i ng t h e r o u t e by whi ch Nadi r Shah, t h e Persian
c onque r or , t ur ne d t h e Khaibar i n h i s i nvas i on o f I ndi a, when he was
unabl e t o a dva nc e from Landi Khana t o Landi Kotal owi ng t o the
r e s i s t a n c e o f t h e c ombi ne d f o r c e s o f ~ r a k z a i s , ~ f r i d i s , a nd
Shi nwar i s . Duri ng 1078-79, i t was twice t r a v e r s e d by Br i t i sh flying
columns engaged in t h e Bazar e x p e d i t i o n .
Th e Thabai p a s s is a l s o s ai d t o be pr a c t i c a bl e f o r l a de n camel s* In
1878, Gener al Tyt l er , wi t h t wo mount ai n g u n s and 700 men, forced
t h i s r o u t e on h i s way f r om t h e Bazar val l ey, i n f a c e of a l arge
g a t h e r i n g o f h o s t i l e Af r i di s . The crest o f t h e p a s s i a about itoo0
f e e t a bout t h e vi l l a ge of Nekai , and t h e pa t h l e a di ng UP t o it is
wi ndi ng, s t e e p , and d i f f i c u l t f o r mul es, its l e n g t h bei ng 1
miles, s ha de d by trees, and over hung on t h e l e f t by i na c c e s s i bl e
c l i f f s . From t h e c r e s t t h e r e is a si mi l ar d e s c e n t f o r about 3
miles, t h e road t h e n e n t e r s a narrow g o r g e 5 or 6 f e e t wide, al ong
whi ch r uns a st ream. A m i l e beyond t h e pl ai ns a r e r e a c he d, and a
s o r t of road l e a d s t o Pesh Bolak and on war ds t o Basawal.
The Mazuri ( or Mazrui) l e a d s from Khusr ogi in t h e Bazar val l ey in an
al most wes t er l y di r e c t i on t o t h e Nazian val l ey, t o t h e vi l l age of
~e r oz - Sa ngu Khel. Thi s road is sai d t o be cl ear i n some pl aces, b u t
f r e q u e n t hi l l oc ks a r e t o be me t . I t is not s ui t abl e f o r l aden cam-
els, h o r s e s or mul es but l i g h t l y l oaded mul es and bul l oc ks can
vent ur e al ong it. Water is ver y s c a r c e her e. The e nt i r e l e n g t h of
t h e pa s s and road from Bazar t o t h e Sangu Khel hamlet is about 9 1/2
miles; in some pl a c e s it is ver y narrow, and encl os ed by pr e c i pi t ous
c l i f f s .
The f our t h pas s , cal l ed by t h e nat i ves Dabbar, commences from Nekai
and l e a d s t o Dur Baba' s Ziarat, and from t h e n c e t o Kosaba, a vi l l age
of t h e Tar Khel Mulagoris. From Kasoba it pr oc e e ds t o Gado Kandao,
and from t h e n c e t o t h e vi l l age of Surag ha in t h e Nazian valley. From
Nekai t o Dabbar t h e road is ver y d i f f i c u l t , and can onl y be us ed by
footmen; di s t a nc e 2 mi l e s ; ver y narrow, wi t h wat er in t wo l ocal i -
ties; trees abundant . From Dabbar we s t wa r ds t h e road is cl ear ; wat er
abundant ; and can be t r a ve r s e d by l aden camel s, mules, poni es, etc.
From Dabbar t o Sur agha t h e di s t a nc e is about 10 m i l e s .
The f i f t h pas s , Shi ngai Ghakha, l e a d s from t h e pr oxi mi t y of China i n
t h e Bazar val l ey t o t h e vi l l age of Gul Muhammad, Karmu Khel, i n t h e
Nazian valley. The road seems t o be clear and can be used by l aden
ani mal s. In Bazar l i m i t s wa t e r is s c a r c e a l ong t h i s r o u t e , b u t
f u r t h e r on it is f o u n d i n a bunda nc e . Near a s p o t named Mari a
hi l l ock is m e t , up whi ch t h e road l e a ds . Ent i r e l e ngt h of t h i s r out e
is a b o u t 1 8 m i l e s , t o l e r a b l y br oa d, b u t a t p l a c e s its wi d t h is
di mi ni shed t o 9 f e e t .
The p a s s e s from Bara and Rajgul, l eadi ng nor t hwa r ds t o t h e Shi nwar i
count r y, a r e named Sandana, Tordara, Tanara Morgha, t a ke n in t h e
or de r goi ng from e a s t t o west.
The Sandana l e a d s from Bara, from t h e zi ar at of t h a t name, whi ch
lies c l os e t o t h e hamlet of Kazi Si pah, and pr oc e e ds t o t h e vi l l age
of Gul Muhammad, Karmu Khel, in t h e Nazian valley. Thi s road i s sai d
t o have been a d i f f i c u l t one, and can only be us ed by f oot men,
unladen animals l i k e bul l ocks , mul es, donke ys , s h e e p , goa t s , but not
camels or hor s es . I t is de ns e l y cover ed wi t h trees and t h i c k e t s ,
whi ch in pl aces bar t h e r oad. Water can be had in abundance. Lengt h
o f t h e e n t i r e r o u t e a b o u t 1 5 miles, b u t its b r e a d t h i n c e r t a i n
l ocal i t i es is ver y narrow, bei ng l i mi t ed t o 3 or 4 f e e t .
The Tordara a l s o l e a ds from Bara, and goe s t o t h e vi l l age of Sapr i
in t h e Nazian valley. The road is good and cl ear ; can be used by
l aden animals of al l de s c r i pt i ons , a l t hough t wo or t h r e e hi l l oc ks
have t o be f aced. In s p i t e of i t s a s c e n t s and d e s c e n t s , t h i s road is
sai d t o be t h e b e s t of a l l in t h e s e par t s . Water f ound in abundance.
Lengt h about 20 miles, and its nar r owest pa r t 12 f e e t . General l y
used by Af r i di s goi ng t o t h e Nazian val l ey.
The Tanara Morgha r out e be gi ns a t t h e nor t he r n l i m i t of Rajgul and
l e a ds t o t h e Bandan Dara vi l l age Ganzoban, i nhabi t ed by t h e Alijer
Khel Shi nwar i s. Thi s road is r e pr e s e nt e d t o be ver y d i f f i c u l t ; can
be used by unl aden bul l ocks , mul es, donke ys , s h e e p , goa t s but not by
e i t h e r camel s or hor s e s . I t s e nt i r e l e ngt h is sai d t o be about 30
miles, and is ver y narrow i n cer t ai n par t s .
Ot her pa s s e s gi vi ng a c c e s s t o Shi nwar i count r y from t h e s out h a r e
t h e Mahrnan, Oghaz, Papin, and Agam.
Subdi vi si ons. The Shi nwar i s, a s w e know t hem, a r e di vi ded i nt o f our
t r i b e s , viz. , (1) Manduzai, ( 2) Sangu Khel , wi t h whom a r e included
t h e i r hamsayahs t h e Mul l agor i s, (3) Al i s he r Khel , (4) Sipai. ~h~
Manduzai lie w e s t of all, a dj oi ni ng t h e Khugi ani s, and occupy some
1 6 vi l l a ge s and haml et s. Ea s t of t h e s e lie t h e Al i s her Khel of Deb
Sar ak, t h e Si pai , and l a s t o f all t h e Sangu Khel. Of t h e s e f our
t r i b e s t h e Manduzai have t h e r e p u t a t i o n o f be i ng t h e b e s t behaved
and s ome wha t t amer t h a n t h e o t h e r s e c t i o n s . The r emai nder ar e turbu-
l e n t and r i o t o u s t o a d e g r e e . Of c o u r s e t h e Al i s he r Khel of Landi
Kot al are n o t i nc l ude d i n t h i s c a t e g o r y , a s now t h e y have no
c onne c t i on wi t h t h e A m i r ' s Gover nment , and f o r a g e s have been en-
gaged in t r ade and carryi ng goods f or mer chant s bet ween Peshawar and
Jal al abad, whi c h h a s g o t r i d o f a g r e a t p a r t o f t h e t ur bul e nt nature
t h a t t h e y onc e had i n common wi t h t h e i r b r e t h r e n of Deh Sarak. The
Mirjan Khel s e c t i o n o f t h e Sangu Khel , who i n t h e i r or i gi n were
Ghi l zai s , a r e a mongs t t h e most not or i ous r o b b e r s of t h a t country;
and i n t h e i r unhol y wor k c a nnot b e s u r p a s s e d by any sect i on in
Af gani s t an. Duri ng t h e year 1879-80 t h e r e were some good el der s
amongst t h e s e tribes, not ori ousl y Yar Muhammad (Maghdud KheU of t he
Manduzai s, Umra Khan and Azim Khan o f Chal gazi ( Si pai ) , and Yar
Muhammad Khan, Sangu Khel o f Kilajat. But s i n c e 1882, t r oubl e has
come upon t hem al l . Yar Muhammad, Manduzai, is de a d, and h i s son has
be e n dr i ve n away f r om h i s home b y t h e A mi r ' s s ol di e r y. Azim Khan
we nt t o Mecca on a pi l gr i ma ge and d i e d t h e r e i n 1882. Umra Khan was
a r r e ~ t e d by o r d e r s of Ami r Abdur Rahman Khan and d i e d a capt i ve at
Kabul. Yar Muhammad Khan, Sangu Khel , a l s o di s a ppe a r e d from t hi s
world dur i ng 1880; so t h a t now only t h e young generat i ons of t he old
mal i ks a r e i n e x i s t e n c e , who ha ve all t h e f a u l t s o f t h e i r f at her s
wi t h onl y a f e w of t h e i r good qua l i t i e s . Th e s hi nwa r i s a r e always
s uppos ed to have numbered about 13,000 f i ght i ng men: whet her t hi s is
an e x a g g e r a t e d e s t i ma t e or n o t it is i mpos s i bl e t o say. his number
mi ght be t h u s di vi ded:
Manduzai 4, 000
Sangu Khel 3, 000
Al i s he r Khel 3, 000
Si p a i 3, 000
Accor di ng t o " Pa ge t and Mason," t h e Shi nwar i t r i b e numbers bet ween
11, 000 and 12, 000 f i g h t i n g men. The Al i s he r Khel number from 2,000
t o 3,000 of whom a bout 1, 250 come u n d e r Br i t i s h pr ot ect i on; t he
maj or i t y o f t h i s s e c t i o n l i v e a t and a bout Deh Sarak. During t he
a t t a c k on t h a t pl a c e by Gener al Tyt l e r i n 1879 t h e t o t a l number of
a s s a i l a nt s , c o l l e c t e d i n less t h a n s i x hour s , was c e r t a i nl y not l e s s
t h a n 5,000 men f r om t h e vi l l a ge s be t we e n Maidanak and Nazian alone*
Th e N. W. F. Ga z e t t e e r g i v e s t h e t o t a l s t r e n g t h o f t h e t r i be as
pr obabl y n o t less t h a n 25, 000 s oul s . I t is pr obabl y gr e a t e r .
Mand ~ Z a i s . The Manduzai s l i v e in t h e Rud- i - ~i s a r a k; t h e i r most
n o r t h e r l y vi l l a ge on t h i s s t r eam is known a s Faki r Khel. From her e
t h e i r c o u n t r y e x t e n d s s o u t h wa r ds t o t h e o g haz Dara ( val l ey of wal-
n u t s ) and u p it t o t h e crest of t h e Sa f e d oh. Two vi l l a ge s in t hi s
l i mi t a r e i n h a b i t e d by Mi ans, c a l l e d papi n- i - Kal an and ~ a p i n - i -
Khu rd .
Th e Manduzai s have, o r had, no less t ha n s ome 120 f o r t s , or l ar ge
s ubs t a nt i a l e nc l os ur e s , i n t h e i r c ount r y, named a f t e r t h e fol l owi ng
e l d e r s and gr ey- bear ds : Osman, Sai yi d Ami r , Bashar , Gul Mir Khan,
Kewas Khan, Shakar , Zamanai, I r an, Malkae Maddo Azam Khan, Saiyid
Rasul , Ajab Mir Narai, Gulyar Khan, Bads hah Gul, ~ a u l a d a d zarif
Khan, Kamran, Muhammad Gul, p a i d i n - ~a i n d a ~ u l , Hajat Sanna Gu l r
S a i d a l , Kamil, Mir Azar , Sa i yi d Ha s a n, Zal l a Khan, ~ g h a Jan, Ali
Gul, Kashmir, Sh e r Muhammad, Ahmad Nur Gul Mat, Bashakai, Kabul,
Sha h Zaman, Gud, Akhbar Sha h, Ghulam, Zaman, Naim, Shah Murad, yar
Mir, Mughal , Hazr at Nur, Ganjali, Mi j a n, Faki r Jan, Bangai Nazar
Ali, Sahi b Khan; a bout 450 f o r t s be l ongi ng t o men o f not e.
Mirjan Khel: La1 Baz, Sha h Baz, Sa ha hda d, Muhammadji, Anwar, shaikh
Mia Kadir, Sha i kh Manulla, Sha i kh Muhammad Afzal. The s e e i g h t forts
be l ong t o t h e d e s c e n d a n t s o f Dur Baba.
Sai d o kai , Nasi r (Mirjan Khel s) , Sai yi d A l i Mullagori.
Mul l agori s: Tab Khan, Mahmad, Al am, Fazal, Nadi r, Sai yi d Shah, ~~1
Sha h Mihrban, Mira Khan, Aoghan, Lal Khan, Kajir, Lalai, Bahadur
Shah: 14 f o r t s be l ongi ng t o t h e Mul l agor i s.
Maik Khel: Mashai, Zalla Khan, Karim Sha h, Ghulam Janai , Ata Khan,
Akbar She r di l , Tor Gul-Da Khan, Dad Mi .
Si kandar , Jamal Din, Faki r , Si j at Khan, Torai , Tajai She r di l , Abdul-
la Khan, M i j a n , Tor Jan, Lawang Gul Shah, Narai, Kuchai, Rahman,
Aslam.
Al i s her Khel. The Al i s he r Khel ha ve a l s o be e n di vi de d f or ready
r e f e r e n c e i n t o (i) t h o s e o f Landi Kotal and Loar gai , (ii) of Bandan,
(iii) Deh Sar ak, (i v) Pe kha , (v) Nangas Dara.
Th e Landi Kotal o r Loar gai pl a t e a u is s o w e l l known now t ha t a
f u r t h e r d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e same is h a r d l y ne c e s s a r y. The following
s e c t i o n s have t h e i r f o r t s l o c a t e d on t h i s pl at eau:
Shai khmal Khel on t h e n o r t h e a s t c o r n e r o f t h e pl at eau.
Pi r o Khel on t h e n o r t h be t we e n t h e Khuga Khel and t h e Shaikhmal
Khel .
Khuga Khel on t h e west er n portion.
Sayyi d Khel o f Khar gal i on t h e pl a t e a u d u e s o u t h o f Landi Khana.
The f o r t s hel d by t h e s e f our s ect i ons number 59.
Al i s he r Khel of Bandan: F o r t s of Sha hda d, Shah Muhammad, Taza,
Khan, Walai, La1 Mir, Sai f ul l a, Ami r Sha h, Raz Gul, Ami r , Karimdad,
Naoroz, Mohim Khan, Ghazo, Nazim, Zar dad, Shahzada Abdur Rauf,
Ha z a r a t S h a h , Alam, La1 Mir ( 2 ) , S a h i b Nu r , S h a z Khan, Zatalla,
Sar kai Zaman, Sul t anai , Khan Mir, Mabk h, Mul l ukut ah, Ganzuban, Lal
Din, Senai , Maizal, Gul das t , Mastanai, Nur Gul, Sahi bj an, Darwezai,
Dad Mir, Por chakai , Fadi l . (40)
Al i s he r Khel o f Deh Sar ak: Mulla Kadir (Pa Khel) Mirdil, ~ a d g h a l l i ,
Mosam, Hai dar ( Shai khmal s) , Mombarak Shah, Sai yi d Al i , Mir Zaman
( Khuga Khel ), Sahi bdi n ( Shai k hmal Khel ) , Naib, Majid, She r gul (Ash
Khel ), Shazai , (Khuga Khel ) , Khana, Khwaja Mir ( Shai khmal Khel). A
r a vi ne i n t e r v e n e s and s e p a r a t e s t h e a bove f o r t s from t h o s e t h a t now
f ol l ow.
Mero (Kh waja Khel) , Naib Mir za (Ash Khel) , ~al a- i - Ak hund zadagant
I z a t Khan (Ash Khel ) , Khan Mir ( Shai khmal Khel ), La1 Zad, Saiyid A l i
(2) (Khuga Khel ) , Zainulla Khan, Taib ( Shai k hmal Khel) , ~a r wa z a i t
Hazar at Mir, Hobarak Shah, Sul t an Mir, Zainulla, Rahmat, Azam Khan,
Sa hi b Sha h, Sar dar ( Khuga Khel ) , Dad Muhammad, Badshah (Ash Khel)f
Kahai , Sa munda r , De h g a n o M i r Kal an, Akba r S h a h , Gul zar , Miran,
Nurai, La1 Sha h ( Pi r o Khel ), Rahmat (Mirdad Khel ) , Rahman, Guldinf
Kalandar, Jala ( Pi r o Khel ), Hai dar, Sahi bdi n, Yar Khan ( ~ha i khma l
Khel) , Kala-i-Ak hund zadagan ( 2) , Azmat Khan, Sai yi d ~uhammadr Isa
Khan (Khuga Khel ), Niaz Mir and Muhammad (Ak hundzadas ) . (57)
Al i s he r Khel o f Pekha: Th e f o r t s i n t h i s val l ey a r e Abdur Rahman
( Pi r o Khel ), La1 Muhammad (Khuga ~ h e l ) . Haji ( Shai khmal Khel), Nai bf
Ghulam Sha h, Gul Mast ( Pi r o Khel). Mulla Mino, Imam of t h e Masjidf
A j a r Khan, Hazr at Sha h ( Pi r o Khel ), La1 Beg, s a r gs nd, Mad Hiseam (Pa
Khel), Mardan, Ahbat , Yaro, Sagnai Muhammad Ami r , La1 Muhammad
(Khuga Khel ), Sha h Khan Mir Ghuhrn ( Pi r o Khel ), Mia Jan (Khuqa
Khel ) , Naukar, Bahram Muhammad Ami r , Ami r ( Pi r o Khel), Mohsinr
Shahi , Yardin, Yar Muhammad, Mir Muhammad, Mir Juma Khan, Naibf
Ahmad (Pi ro Khel ), Ibrahim, Mosam Khan (Shaik hmal Khel), Samand
(Khuga Khel), Shah Mir, Zamin (Pi ro Khel), Mushaduddi n and Iram,
~ b d u r Rahman, Jan Baz, Mira Khan, Alfai, Shahs hak, Azad, Nasir,
Zafaran (Piro Khel), Saiyid Ghulam, Sahi bdi n, Osman, Zobar, A mi r
Shah. (54)
Al i sher Khel of Nangas Dara: Al i sher zai , Shahzai , Mulko. Mahmud,
Langar, Ghazal, Shahnak Mir, Ul l u s Mir, Zazai, Ganjai, Alam Khan,
Admir, Yadmir, Hazrat Mir, Malik Mir, Barai, Shahwal i Dagai, Yadmir
(2), Rahim Khan, Paiao, Ganjai (2), Mulla Si kandar , Kamran, Shaz
Khan, Uzbak, Shah Murad, ~ u r a i , Rahmatulla, Pur di l , Mirdil, Niaz
Mir, Ghaljai, Durani, Langar (2). (36) The Al i sher Khel t h e r e f o r e
have in al l about 246 f o r t s s pr e a d over t h e count r y hel d by t hem.
The Si pai s. The Si pai a ppe a r not t o be s o w e l l pr ovi ded wi t h f or t -
r e s s e s a s t h e rest o f t h e Shi nwar i s. Thes e w i l l be not ed a s t h e y
appear in cer t ai n qua r t e r s of t h e i r count r y, r e c ogni s e d by t h e l ocal
names gi ven t o t h e t r a c t or quar t er .
In Chal gazi t h e y have f o r t s of Umra Khan, Azim Khan, Sher Muhammad
Khan, Badr uddi n, La1 Mir, Sul t an Ujjam.
In Maidanak. Tor. Khanzada, G haumbaz, Torkaka, Shahi Khan.
In Girdai. Samand, Muhabbat Khan, Khairo.
In Baltan. Bostan, Ganjai, Azim Bai Khan, Alam Khan, Akbar Khan,
Muhammbat Khan.
In Tanga. Lala, Nazim, Shaki r , Naimdar.
In Makranai. Alidad, Bazai, Bostan, La1 Mir, Yad Mir.
In Dawarai. Shakar (2), China.
In Morgai. La1 Mir, Sul t an Jan, Kagi Mir, Alam Khan, Saiyid Amir.
In Bagh. Mirjan, Sadul l a Zardad Khan.
In Tangi. Daim, Muhammad Gir, Rahim Khan.
In Achine. Afghan, Muhammadji, Khaipul, Bostan Mia Gul, Kano Khan.
In Trelai. Khwas Khan, Mansur, Sai fal , Samundar.
The f ol l owi ng t a bl e s show t h e s ubs e c t i ons and t h e i r s ubdi vi s i ons ,
pl aces of r e s i de nc e , etc., a s t h e y e x i s t e d in 1888:
MANDUZA I
No. Sect i on Subdi vi si on
1. Ahrnad Khel
1 Hamza Khel
2. Maghdud Khel
1. Kuki Khel
2 I l i a s Khel 2. Daulat Khel
3. Kotwal
1. Umar Khel
3 Hasan Khel 2. Musi Khel
Residence
Dch Bala
1 Narai
I
Gagra
Faqi r Khel
Mar hez
Gai jana
Dph Bala
Deh Bala
1 E::wazi
I
Yaghaiband
Tarnao
Tsandal ai
Shpola
Narai
3. Da Oghaz Kandi Aka Khel
Gurgur i
Oghaz
SANGU KHEL
1 Ghani Khel, i nc l . 1. Baba Nrnasi Ki l a j a t
Ghaus Khel 2. Dada Nnasi
II
Kachkal Khel
Tsal or-pl ara
Karmu Khel
1.
Khani Khel 2.
3.
1.
Haidar Khel 2.
1.
Mirjan Khel
I ::
4.
Mirjan Khel I ::
Mullagorie *
I it
Mai Khel 1 ::
Adil Khel ( s ai d t o 1.
be Al i sher Khel,
not Sangu Khel) 2.
Akan Nmasi
Hazarmia Nmasi
Sahi b Khan Nmasi
Zarin Nmasi
Kandi Khel
Bara Khel
Mazid Khel
Mirki Khel
Azara Nmasi
Walak Nmasi
Shah Wali Nmasi
Khwajun Nmasi
Malun Nmasi
Janun Nmasi
Badia Nmasi
Bazai Mnasi
Darbaba Nmasi
Wari Nmasi
Ana Nmasi
Sanzi Nmasi
Bangin Nmasi
Godin Nmasi
Par Khel
Tar Khel
Kamal Khel
Ata Khan par t y
Masha's par t y
Usman Khel
Kuru Khel
Sarobi
II
They occupy t h e
lower end of t he
Nazian Dara
They l i v e i n
t h e Nazian
Dara above
Tsal or-pl ara
In Nazian Dara
above Karmu
Khel
In t he t op of
Nazian Dara
Sha i khan
In Kasoba and
Chinar between
Sar obi & Si s obi
They occupy
Tsat sobi , KO soba
& Pakhamena
Dadghara or Shol-
gar .
In Nangas Dara
adj oi ni ng t he
Pekha Rud.
* The or i gi n of t h e Mul l agor i s is not c l e a r ; and t h e y a r e not
acknowl edged by e i t he r Shi nwari s, Mohmand or Afri di s. Merk i s of
opi ni on t h a t t h e y ar e remnant s of t h e Dilazaks.
ALISHER KHEL
1 Khuga Khel
2 Shekhmal Khel 2.
3.
1.
3 Pi r o Khel
2.
1.
4 Pi s e t Khel
2.
1.
5 Mi rdadKhel 2.
1.
Fatima Nrnasi
Basai Nmasi
Ashrapai Nmasi
Alam Khan Mnasi
-------
Ghani Nmasi
Tal i b Khel
Mat Khel
Shudan Khel
Shamu Khel
Rostam Khel
Ti r a i Nmasi
Ganjun maei
Shahmad Nnasj
Loargai , Deh
Sarak, Pekha
Loargai , Deh
Sarak
Loargai , Deh
Sarak
Pekha, Loarga i
Deh Sarak and
Pekha
Loargai
II
" Deh Sarak,
and Pekha
Loargai, Deh
Sarak
Darband ,
Khargal i
Loarga i
II
I1
I1
6 Ash Khel
7 Ot ar Khel
8 Pa Khel
1 Hai dar Khel
2. Al i j a n Nmasi ------
3. Kamal Mnasi Deh Sar ak
1. Badia Nmasi ------
2. Nur Gholam Nmasi
3. Kadi r Nmasi N i l ------
N i l Pekha Rud
2 Babar Khel 3.
4.
1.
3 Rahimdad Khel 2.
3.
SIPAI
Nimidar
Mama Khel
Lal a Mnasi
Ata Mnasi
Aka Mnasi
Fa t ima Nmasi
Mamai Khel
Aka Khel
Ya Khel
Tr e l a i and
Maidanak
Landal , Maidanak
Tr e l a i , Dannai
Sunduk, Achim
Bat t a n
Chal gazi , Bat t an
Tanga
Rushkai
Bat t an
Chal gazi and
ot he r v i l l a g e s
------
* Hast i ngs s ubdi vi de s t h e Al i s he r Khel a s f ol l ows:
Se c t i ons Fi ght i ng
Khwaja Khel 800
Shaikhmal Khel 600
Ash Khel 200
Pi rwal Khel 800
Pa Khel 20
Sha i kha i 100
Kal i Khel 300
P a s t Khe l 300
men Vi l l a ge s
Loar gai and Deh Sar ak
Di t t o
Di t t o
Loar gai and Pekha
Deh Sar ak
Bandar
Bandar and Deh Sar ak
Loa r ga i , Kha r ga l i , Da r ba nd,
Bagh and Bandar
(The word "Nmasi" us e d i n t h e above t a bl e is t h e pl ur al of t h e
Pus ht u word "Nmasi," s i gni f yi ng a gr ands on. I t is us e d by t h e t r i b e
and denot i ng o f f s pr i ng o r d e s c e n d a n t s gener al l y. )
Hi s t or y
The or i gi n of t h e Shi nwar i t r i b e is s h r o u d e d i n gloom. They s a y t h a t
t h e a n c e s t o r of t h e t r i b e was a Pat han o r Af ghan, whos e ve r y name
t h e y a r e unacquai nt ed wi t h; t h a t h e marri ed t h e d a u g h t e r of a
Sai yi d, and t h a t t h i s a c c ount s f o r t h e i ndomi t abl e br aver y and
c our a ge t h e i r t r i bes men have al ways di s pl a ye d; and t h a t , bei ng
descended from a Saiyid on t h e mot her' s si de, t hey were r es pect ed by
a l l r u l e r s of Af g hani s t an, e x c e p t A m i r Abdur Rahman Khan, who al one
r a i s e d h i s s wor d and t h e hand of o p p r e s s i o n a g a i n s t t h e d e s c e n d a n t
o f Sai yi ds.
The a nc i e nt home o f t h e t r i b e was i n Ghora Margha, whe r e ve r t h a t
l ocal i t y may be. In a l l pr obabi l i t y t h e Shi nwar i s f i g u r e d i n t h e
e x c u r s i o n s o f Mahmud of Ghazni , and gr adual l y oc c upi e d t h e c ount r y
t h e y now l i v e i n a f t e r t h e same had be e n c onque r e d. We can p u t a s i d e
t h e t r a d i t i o n s o f t h e p a s t c e nt ur i e s , and de a l wi t h what w e have
seen and not i ced r egar di ng them in our times, f or which w e have some
t angi bl e, and p e r h a p s a little c l e a r e r , dat a t o g o upon.
Th e Br i t i s h Gover nment was f i r s t b r o u g h t i n t o c o n t a c t wi t h t he
Shi nwa r i t r i b e d u r i n g t h Af ghan War o f 1839-42. A p o s t of 250 men
u n d e r command of Capt ai n F e r r i s was l o c a t e d a t Pe s h Bolak, wi t h t he
o b j e c t of k e e p i n g t h e communi cat i ons o p e n be t we e n Jalalabad and
Pes hawar vi a t h e Khaibar pa s s . The u n s e t t l e d f e e l i n g whi ch exi s t ed
a l l o v e r Af gha ni s t a n a g a i n s t t h e oc c upa t i on o f t h e i r c ount r y by us
gr a dua l l y e x t e n d e d t o t h e Shi nwa r i s , a l t h o u g h Pe s h Bolak di d not
be l ong t o t hem a t all. On t h e 1 3 t h November 1841, a pa r t y of oh-
mands from Gul ahi , a s s i s t e d by Shi nwa r i s , number i ng i n all 2,000
men, a t t a c k e d our p i c q u e t s , and t h e whol e pa r t y were compel l ed t o
t a k e s h e l t e r i n a di l a pi da t e d f o r t . The a s s a i l a n t s were t h e n joined
by t h e Sangu Khel f r om Nazian and o t h e r q u a r t e r s , and t h e Al i sher
Khel o f Deh Sar ak, unt i l t h e i r number s r e a c h e d 5,000. The ammunition
of t h e ga r r i s on r unni ng s h o r t , Capt ai n Fe r r i s wi t hdr e w it with
little l o s s , and e ve nt ua l l y r e a c h e d Pes hawar on t h e 2 1 s t November
1841. When Gener al Pol l ock had f o r c e d t h e Khai bar and r e a c he d ~al al -
abad, it was deemed a dvi s i bl e t o puni s h t h e Shi nwa r i s and men of
Gul ahi , who had c a p t u r e d 18, 000 t o 20, 000 r u p e e s i n c a s h, and
s e c u r e d a gun whi c h was r e t a i ne d i n Deh Sarak. A br i ga de under
Gener al Mont eat h moved o u t t o e x e c u t e t h e s e o r d e r s i n t h e month of
J une. On t h e 20t h h e moved t o Gul ahi , and t h e wor k of de s t r uc t i on
commenced; 35 f o r t s were b u r n t o r bl own up; t h e f r u i t trees were
r ui ne d and d e s t r o y e d ; 10, 000 r u p e s i n c a s h and some o t h e r pr ope r t y
were r e c o v e r e d a s w e l l a s t h e gun; and t h e e x p e d i t i o n havi ng moved
t o Mazina, r e t u r n e d t o Jal al abad on t h e 3 r d of August , havi ng l i ved
e n t i r e l y on t h e p r o d u c e o f t h e c ount r y d u r i n g t h e t i m e t h e y wer e i n
it.
Af t e r 1842 our d e a l i n g s i n e v e r y f or m and s h a p e c e a s e d wi t h t h e
Shi nwa r i s o f t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t ; and it was n o t till t h e l a s t
war a g a i n s t Af g ha ni s t a n had commenced agai n t h a t w e came i n cont act
wi t h t hem o n c e more. The Al i s he r Khel of Maidanak had f i r e d on a
p a r t y of our o f f i c e r s and men who had g o n e i n t o t h e i r c ount r y on t h e
1 8 t h March 1879; and, t o puni s h t hem f o r t h e i r c onduc t , a f or c e
u n d e r Br i gadi er - Gener al J. Tyt l er , C.B., V.C., p r o c e e d e d t o Maidanak
on t h e 24t h March: and i n t h e e nga ge me nt t h a t e n s u e d 200 Shi nwar i s
a r e s a i d t o ha ve be e n ki l l e d and wounded. On t h e n i g h t of t h e 24th
December 1879 a pa r t y of Manduzai Shi nwa r i s came down and c u t up
s ome 20 k a h a r s who were bei ng i nval i ded t o I ndi a from Jal al abad, and
who, having permi t t ed t h e escort t o pr oceed onwards, had st opped f or
t h e n i g h t a t Chor gal i , i n s p i t e o f all r e mons t r a nc e s , i ns t ead of
goi ng on t o Barikao. The Manduzai s were s ai d t o have been s he l t e r e d
and f e d a t t h e Durani vi l l age, Banda Kaddi ~ o g h a n i i n t h e ~ u d - i -
Hi sarak. A t t h e e nd o f December a pa r t y of 200 i nf a nt r y, 120 cavalry
and t wo f i e l d guns , unde r command of Col onel ~ a c k e n z i e , C-B-t
Commandant 3r d Bengal Caval ry, were s e n t a g a i n s t t h i s vi l l age: its
headmen were secur ed and conveyed pr i soner s t o Jablabad.
Owing t o t h e e x e r t i o n s o f Yar Muhammad Khan of Mahrez, and hi s son
Ar mi a Khan, who r emai ned wi t h t h e Chi e f pol i t i c a l Of f i c e r a t Jalala-
bad, t h e Manduzai s c ont i nue d p e a c e f u l and r emai ned q u i e t f o r sever al
mont hs . But c e r t a i n c h a n g e s and t h e p r e a c h i n g s of Mulla ~ a k i r again
s t i r r e d t hem u p dur i ng t h e f ol l owi ng May; and on t h e 1 8 t h of t h a t
mont h a f o r c e o f 715 r i f l e s , 245 s a b r e s and f o u r guns , a l l under
command of Bri g ad i er - Gener al Gib, advanced a g a i n s t ~ i s a r a k and
Mazina. In t h e a c t i on t h a t i ns ue d t h e enemy were d e f e a t e d wi t h a
l o s s o f 120 ki l l e d, 200 wounded, wh i l s t t h r e e o f t h e i r f l a g s fell
i n t o our hands . The t r o o p s r e t u r n e d t o Pe s h ~ o l a k on t h e 22nd May
1880. With t h e evacuat i on of Ea s t e r n Af gha ni s t a n t h a t year our
c onne c t i on wi t h t h e Ni ngr ahar Shi n war i s a l s o c e a s e d , and t he i r
dealing remained in the hands of Ami t Abdur Rahman Khan.
Duri ng t h e pe r i od t h a t w e oc c upi e d t h e c o u n t r y be t we e n ~ a n d i Khans
and Dak ka, w e f ound t h a t t h e Ni ngr ahar Shi nwar i s cl ai med c e r t a i n
por t i ons of t h e r oad, and t h i s claim bei ng a dmi t t e d, t h e t r i b e s were
cal l ed upon t o l o c a t e c h o k i d a r s a t t hem, and f o r t h i s t h e y were pai d
by our Government . Thus t h e Si pa i s had t h e i r p o s t a t Tor Kham, 2,000
ya r ds w e s t of Landi Khana; t h e Manduzais a t Pai nda Khak and Darband
Sar, wh i l s t t h e men o f Deh Sarak he l d J i r ga , near Haf t Chah. Beyond
t hi s t h e land bel onged to t h e Mohmands, and t he y were answerable f or
t h e s af et y of t h e road. When Ami r Abdur Rahman Khan t ook t h e manage-
ment of t h i s r oad i n h i s own l i m i t s , h e det er mi ned t o k e e p it ope n
by t h e empl oyment of Mohmand kha s a da r s , and i gnor e d i n t o t o a l l and
e ve r y claim of t h e Shi nwa r i s t o any s h a r e o r al l owances i n t h e same.
Th e r e s u l t wa s o b v i o u s and t h e S h i n wa r i s , f i n d i n g r e d r e s s
i mpos s i bl e, r e s o r t e d t o arms and t ook t h e mat t er i n t o t h e i r own
hands.
The s e t r o u b l e s commenced i n e a r n e s t a bout t h e mont h of Oct ober 1882
a l t hough t h e bubbl i ngs o f d i s c o n t e n t a mongs t t h e f o u r Shi nwar i
t r i b e s were a p p a r e n t some t i m e e ve n b e f o r e t h i s per i od. The Sangu
Khel he l d c ons ul t a t i ons a mongs t t he ms e l ve s a s t o t h e p r o c e d u r e t h e y
s houl d a d o p t t o s e c u r e t h e i r l a wf ul r i g h t s . Thei r exampl e was f ol -
l owed by t h e Al i s he r Khel, t h e Si pai and t h e Manduzai. I t was
r e s ol ve d unani mousl y t o t a k e uni t ed act i on, and t o set a s i d e pr i va t e
and t r i ba l qua r r e l s ; b u t b e f o r e r e s o r t i n g t o ar ms it was d e c i d e d
t h a t a uni t e d j i r ga s houl d be s e n t t o Kabul, wi t h t h e o b j e c t of
r e p r e s e n t i n g t h e i r r i g h t t o t h e Ami r , and t o s o l i c i t r e d r e s s o f
t h e i r gr i e va nc e s . The j i r ga went i n Oct ober , and havi ng gai ned
not hi ng, r e t u r n e d t o t h e i r homes i n December 18 82, gr e a t l y d i s s a t i s -
f i e d a t t h e t r e a t me nt t h e y had r e c e i ve d. Af t e r t h i s t h e Khan of
Lal pura summoned a j i r ga t o meet him a t Basawal; t h e s e were s e c u r e d
and s e n t on t o Kabul, whe r e a number o f t hem were e x e c u t e d , and t h e
r emai nder c a s t i n t o pr i s on. A t Basawal, whi l s t t r yi ng t o e s c a pe , one
of t h e Shinwaris named Ashraf was wounded by a r i f l e shot .
I ns t i ga t e d by Sar dar Muhammad Hasan Khan and Mir Bacha, who had
t a ke n s h e l t e r i n t h e i r count r y, t h e Sang u Khel commenced r ai di ng
i nt o t h e A m i r ' s l i m i t s and a t t h e same t i m e moved t h e i r f ami l i es
i nt o s a f e r l oc a l i t i e s in t h e i r hi l l s . Le t t e r s wer e a l s o f or wa r de d t o
t h e Loar gai Shi nwa r i s and t h e Zak ka Khel s ol i c i t i ng a s s i s t a n c e f r om
t hem, a s t h e i r j i r ga had been a r r e s t e d and s e n t on t o Kabul i n
cont r avent i on of t h e us ual cus t om, whi ch hel d t h a t t h e p e r s o n s o f
a l l s u c h members s e n t i n by a t r i b e were al ways c ons i de r e d s a c r e d ,
and whos e l i b e r t i e s s houl d n o t be i n t e r e f e r e d wi t h. About t h e com-
mencement of January 1883 news was recei ved t ha t t h e Sangu Khel had
commenced c ol l e c t i ng i n l a r g e numbers. On t h e 4t h Januar y a pa r t y o f
70 Sangu Khel a t t a c k e d a convoy be t we e n Landi Khana and Dakka,
e s c o r t e d by 1 5 s owa r s , who f l e d a t t h e f i r s t s hot . One camel was
ki l l e d, t h r e e were wounded, a s w e l l a s a pony; t wo l o a d s were car -
r i ed o f f ; and t h e r e a r o f t h e kaf i l a f l e d back t o Dakka. Anot her
convoy proceedi ng from Landi Khana t o Dakka was at t acked on t h e 6t h
January; b u t t h i s t i m e , t h e guar d bei ng ampl e, t h e r a i d e r s were
e a s i l y dr i ve n away. On t h e 1 1 t h Januar y a l a r g e ga t he r i ng of Sangu
and Mirjan Khel havi ng c ol l e c t e d a t Pai nda Khak, t h e convoy was n o t
per mi t t ed t o pr oc e e d onwa r ds lest it s houl d r e c e i ve s e v e r e i nj ur i e s
a t t h e ha nds of t h e r a i de r s . The Sangu Khel t h e n moved on Khar gal i
and bol dl y a t t a c k e d t h e Khan of Lal pur a' s men, and a f r e e f i g h t t ook
Place; t h e road beyond Landi Khana t owar ds Dak ka remained cl osed f or
days ; a t l a s t want of pr ovi s i ons , and f i ndi ng t h e y coul d d o no
ul t i mat e good, i nduc e d t h e t r i bes men t o d i s p e r s e t o t h e i r homes. On
one occasion t h e r ai der s secur ed some t housands of r upees from some
Shi ka r pur i Hi ndus; b u t a l t hough t h e y had d i s p e r s e d , t h e i r o f f e n c e s
t owa r ds Basawal and Pai ndeh Khak cont i nued a t i nt e r va l s unt i l 1885,
when Sa r t i p Muhammad Husai n, Ghi l zai , was a p p o i n t e d t o t h e command
o f t h e kha s a da r s , t h e i r number s r e gul a r l y or ga ni s e d, and Malik Labor
nomi nat ed t h e i r Sad-Bashi . Af t e r t h a t t h e r oad be t we e n Landi Khans
and Dak ka was r e n d e r e d t ol e r a bl y s a f e .
Ami r Abdur Rahman Khan a r r i ve d a t Jal al abad f r om Kabul on t h e 2nd
February 1883. H i s Hi ghness had det ermi ned t o t hor oughl y punish t he
Shi nwa r i s f o r t h e i r numer ous o f f e n c e s , and dur i ng t h e l a t t e r end of
March h e had i nduc e d a l l t h e Shi nwar i t r i b e s t o s e nd t o him host ages
f r om t h e i r d i f f e r e n t s e c t i o n s , who were r e q u i r e d t o b e men of good
f ami l i es. Th e s e h o s t a g e s , wi t h a l l t h e i r women and c hi l dr e n, were
l o c a t e d a t Kala-i-Shahmard Khan and i n Besud. Each man was allowed
o n e Kabuli r u p e e da i l y f o r t h e f ami l y e x p e n d i t u r e . Af t e r a f ew day' s
r e s i d e n c e t h e whol e of t hem managed t o e s c a p e t o t h e i r count r y. The
Sangu Khel o u t r a g e s not havi ng y e t be e n d i s p o s e d o f , t h e Amir t ook a
f r e s h s t e p and de t e r mi ne d t o make all t h e Shi nwa r i t r i b e s pay up
year l y s e h - k o t r e ve nue ; i.e., a t h i r d of t h e annual pr oduc e of al l
t h e i r ha nds , whi c h was q u i t e c o n t r a r y t o t h e r u l e unde r whi ch t h e
f or me r r u l e r s o f Af gha ni s t a n had d e a l t wi t h t h e t r i bes men of t h e
Saf ed Koh. The Shi nwari s hel d meet i ngs and det ermi ned t o oppose t hi s
meas ur e i n e ve r y way.
Dur i ng t h e mont h of Apr i l 1883 t h e A m i r s e n t Ghulam Haidar Khan,
Or akzai ( who had l a t e l y come from t h e Mangal c ount r y, wher e h e had
c r u s h e d t h a t t r i b e and be e n r a i s e d t o t h e r ank o f Gener al f o r hi s
s e r v i c e s ) , a t t h e head o f t wo r e gi me nt s o f i nf a nt r y, one of cavalry,
and a bout s i x g u n s t o Pe s h Bolak t o a t t a c k t h e Shi nwar i s . The t r oops
were a s s i s t e d by l oc a l l e v i e s u n d e r t h e d i f f e r e n t Mohmand Khans of
La l p u r a , Bar o, S h e r s h a i , Gi r d a o , etc., a nd t h e he a dme n o f t h e
Khugianis. Ghulam Haidar Khan having r eached Pesh Bolak, moved on t o
Maidanak, whe r e all t h e Shi nwa r i s had c o l l e c t e d t o o p p o s e him. In
t h e e n c o u n t e r t h a t f ol l owe d t h e A m i r ' s t r o o p s were vi ct or i ous ,
s u f f e r i n g mer el y a l os s of 14 t o 1 5 ki l l e d. The Shi nwa r i s coul d make
no s t a nd a g a i n s t t h e a r t i l l e r y f i r e ; and a number o f t h e Adil Khel,
who a r e r e p o r t e d t o b e t h e i r b r a v e s t cl an, t o o k s h e l t e r i n t h e f o r t
o f Khan Mir, whi c h was near a t hand. Th e g u n s were t h e n t ur ne d on
t h i s f o r t , its g a t e was set on f i r e , and t h e Adi l Khel s r us hi ng out
were near l y a l l ki l l e d o r made pr i s one r s . Th e Shi nwar i l o s s was
a bout 150 t o 200 ki l l e d, wh i l s t 50 o f t h e i r number wer e capt ur ed.
The h e a d s of t h e s l ai n were d e s p a t c h e d t o Jal al abad, whe r e t he y
were e x p o s e d in t h e pl ai n be t we e n t h e f o r t and Shahmard Khan' s
ga r de n. Ghulam Hai dar d e s t r o y e d a s many f o r t s a s h e was abl e t o do,
a s w e l l a s t h e i r s t a ndi ng c r o p s . The Shi nwa r i s t h e n d i s p e r s e d t o
t h e i r hi l l s . Af t e r t r a v e r s i n g s e v e r a l va l l e ys and doi ng t h e ut most
damage, Ghulam Hai dar r e t u r n e d t o Jal al abad wi t h t h e bul k of hi s
t r o o p s i n May 1883, l eavi ng onl y one t r o o p of caval r y, 300 khasa-
d a r s , and f o u r g u n s a s a guar d ove r Pe s h Bolak.
Sa r da r Muhammad Hasan Khan and Mir Bacha, a f t e r t h e s hi nwa r i d e f e a t
r e c o r d e d above, f l e d t o Ti r ah, and t r i e d t o s t i r u p t h e ~ f r i d i s and
Or akzai s t o g i v e ai d t o t h e Shi nwa r i s i n t h e t i m e of t h e i r t r oubl e.
Th e A mi r l e f t Jalalabad on t h e 1 0 t h June f o r Mama Khel, and a f t e r
s p e n d i n g t wo mont hs and a f e w d a y s t h e r e , p r o c e e d e d onwar ds t o
Kabul. Af t e r h i s d e p a r t u r e no f u r t h e r movement s t ook pl ace agai ns t
t h e Shi nwar i s . The t r i ba l j i r ga s were cal l ed i n t o pay r evenue, t o
d i s p o s e of t h e d i s p u t e , and t o i n d u c e t hem t o become law-abiding
s u b j e c t s of t h e A mi r ; b u t it was of no avai l . Mat t er s remai ned t h u s
till t h e mont h of May 1887, when Sar dar Nur ~uha mma d Khan (Son of
Wali Muhammad Khan, h a l f b r o t h e r of A m i r S h e r Al i . Nur ~uhammad
accompani ed h i s f a t h e r t o I ndi a in 1880, and r e s i d e d wi t h him at
Pes hawar till March 1887, when h e f l e d a c r o s s t h e bor de r t o Tirah
and Shi nwar i c ount r y, and t h e r e j oi ned in t h e r ebel l i on a ga i ns t t h e
Amir.), and Sardar Baz Muhammad Khan and ot he r s appear ed amongst t he
Sangu Khel s, and t h e i ns ur r e c t i on i n t h a t q u a r t e r commenced a f r e s h .
We w i l l now t u r n t o t h e Manduzais, whos e homes lie i n t h e Rud-i-
Hi sarak, a t its s o u t h e r n e xt r e mi t y, and e x t e n d i n g up t o t h e c r e s t o f
t h e Sa f e d Koh. The f i x e d a s s e s s me n t f o r t h e whol e t r i b e i n t h e
Ami rshi p of She r Al i Kha n was R s . 9, 035, wi t h R s . 833 Mehmani and R s .
446 a s Rasum-i-daftar. But t h i s a s s e s s me n t was sel dom r e a l i s e d, a s
it was c o n s i d e r e d b e t t e r by t h e Kabul Gover nment t o f o r e g o t h e
amount, and s e c u r e t h e good w i l l o f a powe r f ul t r i be , and i n t h i s
way win t hem over . Thei r headman, Yar Muhammad Khan, was a man of
good pos i t i on and powe r i n t h e t r i be , and coul d b e made ver y us e f ul ,
and t h i s r e ve nue was gi ve n t o him i n j agi r ; and h e was a l s o f a oj da r
f or t h e Manduzai t r i be. H i s s on, Armia Khan, was a l s o a good man.
When A mi r Abdur Rahman came t o Jal al abad on t h e 2nd Febr uar y 1883,
he made up h i s mind t o s t o p t h e Manduzai j agi r al l owances, and
r e a l i s e t h e f u l l a s s e s s me nt . Thi s de c i s i on was communi cat ed t o Yar
Muhammad Khan, who had a t t e n d e d t o make h i s salaams t o t h e Ami r .
Yar Muhammad r e pl i e d t h a t h e would g o t o h i s t r i be , c o n s u l t t hem,
and t h e n f or wa r d t h e i r de c i s i on. H e went , as s embl ed h i s t r i ba l
e l d e r s , c ons ul t e d t h e i r wi s he s , and t h e y i n a body de c l i ne d t o pay
r evenue. Thi s de c i s i on was communi cat ed t o t h e Ami r , and Yar Muham-
mad Khan f u r t h e r s ai d " t h a t a l t h o u g h h i s t r i b e had de c l i ne d t o pay
r evenue, h e hi msel f was wi l l i ng t o a t t e n d whenever h i s p r e s e n c e was
r equi r ed. " The Amir' s a ns we r was c ha r a c t e r i s t i c : "If you a r e unabl e
t o r e s t r a i n and c o e r c e your t r i be , what good d o I d e r i v e by your
coming i n t o me." The Ami r t h e n o r d e r e d a p o s t t o be bui l t a t Deh
Bala, and l oc a t e d k ha s a da r s i n t h e same. During 1883 var i ous r umour s
were b r o u g h t i n t h a t t h e Manduzais wer e r e a dy t o rise, and t h a t
t r oops would be des pat ched agai nst them, but t h e s e rumours subsi ded
agai n f o r some t i m e . During June 1884 a f o r c e from Jal al abad moved
t o Hadda, Mazina, and ul t i mat el y Mahras, whe r e upon t h e Manduzai s
l e f t t h e i r vi l l a ge s and wi t h t h e i r f ami l i es t ook s h e l t e r i n t h e i r
hi l l s. They t h e n made pr e pa r a t i ons t o a t t a c k t h e A m i r ' s t r o o p s t h a t
had oc c upi e d t h e i r count r y. Me s s e nge r s were r e p e a t e d l y s e n t t o t h e
o t h e r s e c t i o n s a s ki ng t hem t o r e n d e r ai d a t t h i s per i od. The Si pah
Salar, Ghulam Hai dar Khan (Ghulam Haidar Khan, Cha r khi , who had
meanwhi l e r e l i e ve d G hulam Haidar Khan, Orak zai ) , t h e n s e n t t h e Mirs
o f Trel ai , whos e e x h o r t a t i o n s i nduc e d some of t h e Manduzais t o
r e t ur n t o t h e i r homes. The f o r c e r e t u r n e d , and a t l a s t Armia Khan
hi msel f accompani ed by 50 men, pai d a v i s i t t o t h e Si pah Sal ar a t
Jalalabad. Thi s v i s i t e nde d i n not hi ng. Af t e r war ds numer ous j i r ga s
wer e s e n t f o r by Ghulam Haidar; t h e y came; t h e A m i r ' s wi s he s were
e xpl a i ne d t o t hem; t h e y t h e n r e t ur ne d t o t h e i r homes, and t h e r e s u l t
was nil. Ont he 1 8 t h Apr i l 1887, ma t t e r s came t o a cl i max, t h e 100
kha s a da r s a t Deh Bala we r e a t t a c k e d by t h e Manduzais, t h r e e o f t h e i r
number were ki l l e d, f i v e wounded, t h e i r ar ms t a ke n away, and t h e
r e s t wer e t ol d t o r e t u r n t o Jalalabad. On r e c e i p t of t h i s news , and
unde r o r d e r s from t h e Ami r , a f o r c e moved u p from Jal al abad t o Deh
Bala unde r command o f Ghulam Haidar. The Shi nwar i s had b u r n t Deh
Bala and f l e d . Sever al e nc ount e r s t ook pl ace, but t h e Si pah Salar
r e s ol ut e l y hel d h i s gr ound, bui l t a ver y s t r o n g f o r t t h e r e , c u t down
f r u i t t r e e s , and d e s t r o y e d e ve r yt hi ng bel ongi ng t o t h e r e c a l c i t r a nt
Shinwaris t ha t he could lay hands upon. H e succeeded in t h e end. Y a r
Muhammad Khan and Armia Khan had l a t e r on t a ke n s h e l t e r i n Muhammad
(Mahman?) Dara, whe r e t h e f or mer di e d i n 1887. Some of t h e Shi nwar i s
r e t ur ne d t o t h e i r c ount r y, but were not per mi t t ed t o oc c upy t h e i r
hous e s or c ul t i va t e t h e i r l ands . The r emai nder cont i nued in r e vol t ,
s c a t t e r e d about i n d i v e r s e hi l l l oc a l i t i e s .
Ref er r i ng back t o t h e o t h e r Shi nwar i s, it ha s a l r e a dy been b r i e f l y
not i c e d t h a t in s p i t e of j i r ga s bei ng s e n t f o r and di s mi s s e d, f ol -
l owed by me s s e n g e r s and r e l e a s e o f c e r t a i n pr i s one r s , t h e Si pah
Sal ar was a s f a r a s e v e r f r om gai ni ng h i s object wi t h t hem, till t he
time t h a t Sardar Nur Muhammad Khan and hi s par t y of Sardars appeared
a mongs t t he m dur i ng t h e commencement o f May 1887. Muhammad Sadik
Khan, f or me r Khan o f Lal pur a, was t h e n s e n t t o t h e Deh Sarak and
Sangu Khel Shi nwa r i s , a d v i s i n g t he m t o pay u p r e ve nue , whi ch t hey
r e f u s e d t o do. La t e r on t h e y were a s k e d t o r e c e i v e a Kazi and Hakim
o f t h e A m i r i n t h e i r c o u n t r y , wh i c h wa s a l s o d e c l i n e d . Raids
commenced a f r e s h , and t h e A mi r ' s p o s t a l r unne r was waylaid near
Gi r di Kach, and t h e mail b a g s t a k e n away f r om him. During ~ u g u s t
1887 a l l t h e Sangu Khel, Al i s he r Khel and Si pa i Shi nwar i s , who were
u p i n ar ms, d e c i d e d t o a s s i s t Sa r da r Nur Muhammad Khan i f h e came
down t o a t t a c k Pe s h Bolak, whe r e t h e r e were o n e t r o o p o f cavalry,
300 kha s a da r s , and f o u r g u n s unde r command o f a Ri sal dar . The Sar-
da r , i n s t e a d of a t t a c k i n g t h e s e t r o o p s , moved f i r s t t o t h e Nazian
val l ey; a f t e r t h a t t o Nangas Dara, and s t o p p e d wi t h t h e Adil Khel
Shi nwar i s . Duri ng Se pt e mbe r 1887 t h e Si pa h Sal ar i nt i mat ed t h a t he
had r e c e i ve d t h e Amir' s o r d e r s t o bui l d f o r t s a t Achin and Sarobi.
I n t h e same mont h h e summoned t h e Sangu Khel j i r ga, t h r o u g h Ghulam
Jan, and p r e s e n t e d t hem wi t h khi l a t s ; t h e y were t h e n di s mi s s e d and
a s ke d t o t ur n o u t Sardar Nur Muhammad Khan. On t h e 7t h of t h i s month
t h e A m i r ' s mail b a g s we r e agai n c a r r i e d o f f by Shi nwar i s from be-
t we e n Basawal and Jal al abad, and ha nde d ove r t o Sar dar Nur Muhammad
Khan. The year 1887 c l o s e d wi t hout t h e Si pa h Sal ar havi ng come t o
any unde r s t a ndi ng wi t h t h e t r i b e , and wi t h o u t h i s havi ng per s uaded
t he m t o c a r r y o u t a s i n g l e o r d e r o f hi s .
Th e A m i r a r r i ve d a t Jal al abad a bout t h e 1 3 t h Januar y 1888. Whi l st a t
Nimla some of t h e Shi nwa r i e l d e r s came t o s a l u t e him a t t h i s pl ace,
and a n o t h e r p a r t y d i d t h e same a t Sul t anpur . H i s Hi ghne s s was gr eat -
l y pl e a s e d a t t h i s , ga ve t hem p r e s e n t s , and f e d t hem. Af t e r gi vi ng
t hem good a d v i c e t h e y were di s mi s s e d t o t h e i r homes. Seei ng what
had be e n d o n e f o r t h e i r b r e t h r e n , o t h e r Shi nwa r i s a l s o came in t o
v i s i t t h e Ami r , and were t r e a t e d i n t h e same s p i r i t . Sar dar Nur
Muhammad Khan on t h i s moved up t o Tirah.
A t t h e c l o s e o f J a n u a r y 1 8 8 8 , h o we v e r , r a i d i n g by Shi nwa r i s
commenced again. The of f i c e r in command of t h e Ami r ' s t r oops a t Pesh
Bolak r e t a l i a t e d and c a r r i e d o f f some 550 s h e e p bel ongi ng t o t h e
p e o p l e o f Sarobi . Af t e r t h i s t h e Ami r s e n t t h e Al i s her Khel of Deh
Sarak and t h e Sangu Khel o f Nazian t o t h e Shi nwa r i s o f Pekha and
Mahman Dara, i nvi t i ng t hem t o come in and a s s u r i n g t hem t h a t t h e y
had n o t t h e s l i g h t e s t r e a s on t o f e a r any da nge r . heir e f f o r t s were
u n s u c c e s s f u l . I t would b e a wa s t e o f t i m e t o r e l a t e h e r e all t h e
d i f f e r e n t i n t r i g u e s t h a t we nt on a t Jal al abad wi t h t h e obj e c t of
i nduc i ng t h e Shi n war i s t o c a r r y o u t e n t i r e l y what t h e A mi r wi shed.
The r e ve nue was t o b e r e d u c e d from one - t hi r d t o one- t ent h of t h e
annual pr oduc e , b u t e ve n t h i s was n o t a c c e p t e d . The Ami r t h e n l e f t
Jal al abad a bout t h e 1 4 t h Apr i l 1888, and a s h e had f a i l e d on ever y
poi nt , t h e f u t u r e s e t t l e me n t o f t h e Shi nwa r i q u e s t i o n was l eft i n
t h e h a n d s of Si pah Sal ar Ghulam Hai dar Khan.
The Shi nwa r i s had gi ve n a s emi - as s ent t o t h e ~ mi r and Si pah Salar
t h a t t h e y would r e c e i v e f o u r Hakims and f o u r ~ a z i s i n t h e i r Coun-
t r y , viz., a t Kilajat, Maidanak, Chal gazai , and Oghaz. In conf or mi t y
wi t h t h i s c ompa c t t h e s e men were s e n t i n c h a r g e of c e r t a i n shi nwar i
e l d e r s t o t a k e u p t h e i r , a b o d e s a t t h e i r s e v e r a l p o s t s . With t h e
e x c e p t i o n o f t h e t wo men f o r Kilajat, t h e r emai nder were al l t ur ned
back and d i r e c t e d t o r e t u r n a t o n c e t o Jalalabad a s t h e t r i besmen
had d e c l i n e d t o r e c e i v e t hem i n t h e i r c ount r y, and t h e e l d e r s who
had b r o u g h t t hem so f a r de c l i ne d t o b e a ns we r a bl e f o r t h e i r s a f e t y*
Th e s e o f f i c i a l s f ound t h e ms e l v e s i n an unha ppy pr edi cament . Death
a nd o u t r a g e f a c e d t hem in t h e Shi nwar i c o u n t r y and i f t h e y r et ur ned
t o Jal al abad t h e y had t o s t a nd t h e a n g e r o f t h e Ami r , who would have
demanded t h e r e a s on t h e y vacat ed t h e i r s t a t i o n s wi t hout r e c e i vi ng
f i r s t H i s Hi ghne s s ' s per mi ssi on. Sar dar Nur Muhammad Khan a l s o
t ur ne d up i n t h e Shi nwar i c ount r y a f t e r a f e w days ' a bs e nc e in
Ti r ah.
Ghulam Haidar Khan' s pa t i e nc e was not e x h a u s t e d , a s h e f ound t h a t
bot h t h e Ami r and hi ms el f had been t r i c k e d by Shi nwar i e l de r s . A l l
t h e k h i l a t s and f e e d i n g and ki nd t r e a t me nt had e nde d i n not hi ng. H e
t h e r e f o r e moved wi t h a l l h i s avai l abl e t r o o p s from Jal al abad t o
Chal gazai and summoned o t h e r r e gi me nt s t o be f or wa r de d t o h i s
a s s i s t a nc e . From Chal gazai h e mar ched t o Deh Sarak and ha l t e d t h e r e
wi t h t h e o b j e c t o f c onc e nt r a t i ng h i s t r o p p s a t t h a t pl ace. The s e
event ual l y as s embl ed t o t h e number of :
4 1/2 r egi ment s of i n f a n t r y
3 r egi ment s of c a va l r y
18 guns
14 e l e pha nt s
300 khas adar s
The above d o e s n o t i nc l ude t h e l oc a l Mohmand Khans and o t h e r s who
f ol l owed i n h i s f o o t s t e p s wi t h t h e i r t r i ba l l e vi e s . The number o f
t h e s e men coul d not be c o r r e c t l y a s c e r t a i ne d.
The Shinwaris were t aken by s ur pr i s e a t t h e Sipah Salar' s unexpect ed
and r a pi d movement s. Thei r s p r i n g c r o p s had been g a t h e r e d in and
were l yi ng i n t h e i r vi l l ages . They had had no t i m e or warni ng t o
remove t h e i r f ami l i es, c a t t l e , and c r o p s t o t h e hi l l s , and had made
no preparat i ons f or a def ence. They were caught unprepared and must
s u f f e r f o r t h e same. The Si pah Salar remai ned near l y t h e whol e of
June a t Deh Bala, and dur i ng t h i s per i od of h i s s ol di e r y l i ve d on
t h e Shinwaris and pl undered them a t l ei sure. Their women were unable
t o l eave t h e i r h o u s e s and remai ned i n s i d e wi t h c l os e d door s . Li ke a
swarm of l o c u s t s t h e t r o o p s and l e v i e s c l e a r e d o u t e ve r yt hi ng i n
t h e i r i mmedi at e ne i ghbour hood. Some o f t h e Shi nwar i s e c t i o n s on
t h i s gave in and pr omi sed t o pay t h e f ol l owi ng s ums annual l y:
Shi nwar i s of Pekha Rud
Shi nwar i s of Deh Sar ak
Adi l Khel
Bandan Shi nwar i s
The Sangu Khel and men of Sar obi de c l i ne d t o pay a f a r t h i n g , and,
i nc i t e d by Sar dar Nur Muhammad Khan, who advanced t hem f u n d s , par-
ties of t hem t ur ne d o u t r e p e a t e d l y a t ni g h t and f i r e d i n t o t h e Si pah
Salar' s camp, wounding men and hor ses.
A t t h e commencement of July 1888, Ghulam Haidar evacuated Deh Sarak,
and moved wi t h all h i s t r o o p s and f ol l owi ng t o Baltan, whi ch lies
more t owa r ds t h e Manduzais and away from t h e Sangu Khel. Af t e r h i s
d e p a r t u r e a g r e a t many of t h e Shi nwar i s who had gi ven in and
pr omi sed t o pay r e ve nue removed t he ms e l ve s wi t h t h e i r f ami l i es and
Pr ope r t y t o t h e hi l l s .
About t h e mi ddl e o f Jul y t h e Shi nwar i s of Pekha made a t r e a c he r ous
a t t a c k on a j i r ga s e n t t o t hem by Ghulam Haidar, and many of t h e
mal i ks wer e ki l l e d. The c ount r y remai ned in a ve r y d i s t u r b e d s t a t e
t h r o u g h o u t t h e year , b u t t h e ' d e f e a t o f Nur Muhammad by t h e Af ghan
Commander-in-Chief gave some r e s p i t e . I t may b e ment i oned h e r e t h a t
Nur Muhammad r e t ur ne d t o ~ n d i a in 1892, and was al l owed t o l i ve wi t h
t h e ex-Amir, Yakub Khan.
In 1889 ope r a t i ons d r a g g e d on wi t h no d e c i s i v e r e s u l t s . Ghulam
Hai dar c o n s t r u c t e d a f o r t and cant onment a t Kahi, but t hough t he
t r i b e s eemed t i r e d of o p p o s i t i o n t h e y d i d n o t make c ompl e t e submis-
s i on. I n 1890 t h e Sangu Khel c ont i nue d t o r ai d vi l l a ge s in t hei r
vi c i ni t y, t o h a r a s s c onvoys , and t o a t t a c k t h e Af ghan out pos t s . In
t h e f ol l owi ng year no c h a n g e t o o k pl ace, Ghulam Haidar bei ng still
unabl e t o br i ng t h i s r e f r a c t o r y s e c t i o n u n d e r p r o p e r cont r ol , and
r a i d s were c ont i nue d a s h e r e t o f o r e . I n 1892, howe ve r , t h e t r i be as a
whol e s e t t l e d down, b u t r e c e n t l y s i g n s o f l a wl e s s n e s s have begun t o
r e a p p e a r i n c o n s e q u e n c e pr obabl y of t h e l a r g e i mpor t at i on of arms
f r om t h e Pe r s i a n Gul f . (N.W.F. Ga z e t t e e r , Has t i ngs , I.B.C.)
SHINWARI &'&
35-2 69-1. Shi nwar i is an a l a qa da r i i n Parwan pr ovi nce. The alaqa-
d a r i c o mp r i s e s an a r e a o f 359 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s and ha s an agri cul -
t u r a l popul a t i on t h a t h a s be e n e s t i ma t e d a t from 7, 758 t o 9,863. The
a l a qa da r i is bounde d i n t h e w e s t b y Ghor band, i n t h e nor t h by Salang
and Khi nj an, i n t h e e a s t by Cha r i ka r and Jabal Saraj , and in t h e
s out h by Bagram.
Shi nwa r i i n c l u d e s a bout 25 vi l l a ge s , o f whi c h 10 ha ve more t han 500
i nha bi t a nt s . Th e vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows : Ab Khanah
Us h t u r Sha hr , Ast ana, Af g hani a Us h t u r Sha hr , Af g hani a Kaf shan,
Taj i ka Kaf shan, Bo j Gul Jan, S u f i Khel , Dahan Kaf shan, Bulandi,
Taj i ka Us ht ur Sha hr , Daraz Ger d, Se r Dara-i -Usht ur Shahr , Shewa,
Qashal , Khak Angur ( Sangu) , Su r k h Sang, Qai Kamar, Mullaqi, Kajakan,
Bag h Af ghan, Hei r, Ab Ger d, Qalacha, Chenar Dara, Namak Ab, and
Wiwila.
*SHINWAR1 a's
34-34 69-29 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e Kabul r i ve r , n o r t h o f t h e Kabul-
Jal al abad hi g h way i n Kabul pr ovi nce.
*SHI RAZ I &'&
34-52 68-38 m. A vi l l a ge l o c a t e d on a t r i but a r y o f t h e Ghorband ri-
ve r , s o u t h o f Su r k h o Par sa, Parwan pr ovi nce.
*SHIRBAZKHEL &jL&
34-43 68-58 m. A vi l l a ge near Qala Lalay t o t h e nor t h o f Paghman in
Kabul pr ovi nce.
SHIRIN
A s e c t i o n of t h e Chahar Dast a Hazar as.
SH ISTAR
ri
33- 69-. A vi l l a ge on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Kurram r i ver , 1 1/2
m i l e s d i s t a n t from it. It lies i n a wel l - cul t i vat ed val l ey a few
miles w e s t o f t h e poi nt whe r e t h e Karaia s t r eam j oi ns t h e Kurram.
Thi s val l ey is commanded and s ur r ounde d on a l l s i d e s , e x c e p t t h e
w e s t , by l ow ba r e hi l l s . The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Ahmad Khel J aj i s , and
can t u r n o u t 500 f i ght i ng- men. (I.B.C.)
SHOBA See SHAHBAH 4 G
SHOGHLA &
33-25 67-27 G. A p l a c e i n t he J a ghur i Hazara count r y.
SHOLANA
a;L:
34- 70-. A v i l l a g e i n t h e Ch a p r i a r d i v i s i o n o f t h e ~ a l a l a b a d
d i s t r i c t , a bout 2 miles n o r t h e a s t of Hadia ~ h e l . I nhabi t ant s : Taj i ks
and Dehgans. ( Jenkyns. )
SHORIGUL Or SKORIGUL A&
35- 71-. A val l ey, o r gul , i n Nur i st an whi ch dr a i ns n o r t h e a s t and
de bouc he s i n t o t h e Ba s hgul a t a poi nt about hal f-way be t we e n Ahmad
Diwana and Ps hui . I t is a bout 17 m i l e s by r oad from t h e mout h of t h e
Shor i gul t o its u p p e r e nd, whe r e t h e r e a r e t h r e e br a nc he s ; t h a t t o
t h e s o u t h l e a d s ove r a h i g h p a s s i n t o t h e Wezgul, t h e o t h e r t wo t o
t h e w e s t l e a di ng ove r p a s s e s t o vi l l a ge s i n Minjan. A l l t h e nal as
r unni ng down t o t h e l e f t bank of t h e Shor i gul a r e sai d t o have
d i f f i c u l t r o a d s u p t hem, whi ch c r o s s a r a nge of mount ai ns ( t h e main
Hindu Kush?) and d e s c e n d i nt o Minjan.
The Shor i gul is a f i n e val l ey, wi t h much c ul t i va t i on in t h e g r e a t
bays f or med by t h e hi l l s . About 3 miles from its mout h is t h e haml et
of Lul uk; t h e haml et o f Ouzhak is 10 m i l e s , and Pt si gr om vi l l age,
whi ch was bei ng bui l t in t h e or di na r y s q u a r e f o r t s h a p e in Augus t
1891, is a bout 1 5 miles. The r e a r e i n a ddi t i on t i ny s e t t l e me n t s and
wat ch t o we r s s p r i n k l e d al l over t h e d i s t r i c t . The r oad lies up t h e
l e f t bank t h r o u g h o u t , and is f i t f o r hor s e s . Ther e is little or no
cul t i vat i on al ong t h e r i g h t bank, and t h e hi l l s l o p e s i n most pl a c e s
r un s t e e p l y r i g h t down t o t h e st r eam. The Shor i gul a c t s a s an over -
f l ow r e s e r voi r f o r t h e popul at i on of t h e Katir p a r t of t h e Ba s hgul
val l ey, and h a s r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s from a l l t h e Katir vi l l ages . It is
ver y p r o s p e r o u s l ooki ng. ( Rober t son. ) Re c e nt maps s how t h e name
Chapdara. (LWA)
SHORKACH @&
33- 69-. A s m a l l Ghi l zai vi l l age o f 30 h o u s e s s i t ua t e d i n a l a r g e
pl ai n a bout 9 miles s o u t h o f Gar dez. The r e a r e many vi l l a ge s c l o s e
by; wat er and gr azi ng a r e avai l abl e her e. (I.B.C.)
SHORKOL &&
34- 66-. A l a r g e gl e n d e s c e n d i n g nor t h t h r o u g h a l ong d e f i l e t o
t h e Sar-i-Jangal va l l e y.
SHPOLA JG
34-11 70-29 m. A vi l l a ge in t h e Hi sarak di vi s i on of t h e Jal al abad
d i s t r i c t , a b o u t 3 m i l e s n o r t h e a s t o f Yag h i b a n d . I n h a b i t a n t s :
Shi nwar i s. ( Jenkyns. ) A vi l l age cal l ed Shpol i Baba is l oc a t e d a t
34-34 69-32 m.
SHTEVGROM 'J-
35-27 70-56 A. El evat i on 8, 920 f e e t . A Kafir vi l l age of 100 hous e s ,
s i t ua t e d on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Pr es ungul , or u p p e r Pe c h, st r eam,
near t h e head of t h e val l ey. It is bui l t i n t h e s h a p e o f an i r r e gu-
l ar s qua r e , more o r less convex on t h e r i ve r s i de . From unde r t h e
p r i e s t ' s hous e a t unne l t h r o u g h whi ch a man can cr awl on all f our s ,
l e a d s t o t h e wa t e r ' s e d g e , whi ch is 100 t o 150 ya r ds di s t a nt . Most
of t h e h o u s e s a r e e xt r e me l y l ow; t h e y a r e c l os e l y pa c ke d t o g e t h e r ,
and have unde r gr ound rooms. The t o p room is semi - subt er r anean, and
t h e r e a r e t wo a pa r t me nt s unde r ne a t h it, t h e one bel ow t h e o t h e r . The
vi l l age wall is bui l t wi t h g r e a t economy of wood, and ha s a c opi ng
of dr i e d s h r u b s k e p t i n pos i t i on by l a r g e s t one s . I t is s t r e n g t h e n e d
by t wo smal l t owe r s , whi l e t h e r e is a t h i r d a mi ds t t h e hous e s , whi ch
f or ms t h e c i t a d e l of t h e pl ace. The r e is no pa r a pe t or ba nque t t e
e x c e p t whe r e h o u s e t o p s or i r r e gul a r i t i e s of t h e wall a c c i de nt a l l y
pr oduce them. Many of t h e houset ops a r e f l ush with t h e wa l l , which
is nowhe r e more t h a n 10 f e e t hi gh. A r oad l e a d s west t o Minjan via
t h e Kamah pas s . Supl i e s a r e p l e n t i f u l a t Sht evgr om. ( Rober t s on,
I.B.C.) Thi s a p p e a r s t o be i de nt i c a l t o Sht evi . Anot her l ocat i on
is gi ven a t 35-13 70-51 G.
SHTEVI or ESHTVI a+'
35-27 70-56 m. The h i g h e s t vi l l a ge i n t h e Pech val l ey. I t consi st s
of 60 h o u s e s c l u s t e r e d t o g e t h e r and n o t s u r r o u n d e d by a wall. The
vi l l a ge ha s one t ower . The h o u s e s a r e o n e - s t o r e y e d and have no
unde r gr ound rooms. (N.1.)
SHUDOSH LA J&
A vi l l a ge i n t h e Sar-i-Kol s u b d i s t r i c t o f Yakh Walang. 25 hous e s of
Neka Hazaras. (A.B.C.)
SHU I 6
35-51 71-22 A. A f o r t i f i e d vi l l a ge o f 120 h o u s e s i n t h e Bashgul
val l ey i n Kaf i r i s t an; a bout 11 1/2 m i l e s a bove Bragamatal. From her e
a pa t h l e a d s ove r t h e Shui p a s s , a bout 12, 000 f e e t , t o I zh in t h e
~ u t k u f val l ey i n Chi t r al . I t is s ai d t o b e pr a c t i c a bl e f o r hor ses.
(Robertson, I.B.C.) Recent maps show t h e name Peshawur. (LWA)
SHU J AN o k
33- 68-. A v i l l a g e nor t h of t h e Sher Dahan pa s s . (Kennedy.)
SHUKUR-ULLA-KHAN 3
L dl*
34- 69-. A f o r t i n t h e Cha r de h val l ey o f Kabul, i nc l ude d i n Deh-i-
Murad Khan, and c l o s e d t o t h e l a t t e r . I nha bi t a nt s : Barakzai s and
Taj i ks. About 30 f ami l i es. (I.B.C.)
SHULUK Or SHULAK &+
34-7 68-53 m. A vi l l a ge in t h e n o r t h e r n por t i on of t h e Logar val-
l e y, 4 miles n o r t h we s t of Babus. I nha bi t a nt s : Gr adi Khel Ghi l zai s,
o f whom t h e r e were 30 f ami l i es i nha bi t i ng t h e pl a c e in 1880. (Clif-
f o r d , Euan Smith. )
SHUMBAL See JOLAH
34-52 68-10 A.
SHUMIA 6
A vi l l a ge i n Kaf i r i s t an, on t h e Kunar f r o n t i e r , s ai d t o be s i t uat ed
on t h e e d g e o f a t abl e- l and a t t h e e x t r e mi t y o f a val l ey, and t o
ha ve 1, 000 hous e s . (Masson.)
SHUNAH
r;LJ
34-38 70-14. The p r o p e r name, a c c or di ng t o Raver t y, of t h e r i ver ,
us ual l y c a l l e d Al i ngar above its j unc t i on wi t h t h e Al i shang.
SHURTAN See SHIGAL
34-58 71-21 A. Another name gi ven is Lar Shot an.
SHUTUR GARDAN &$ d JJS
33-55 69-23 m. El evat i on 11, 200 f e e t . A p a s s ove r t h e west er n
c ont i nua t i on o f t h e Sa f e d Koh, l e a di ng from t h e Hariob i nt o t h e
Logar val l ey. I t is c r o s s e d by t h e Paiwar Kotal-Kabul r oad, its
summi t l yi ng a bout 43 miles f r om t h e Paiwar Kotal. From t h e summit
of t h e p a s s a gr and and e x t e n s i v e vi ew o f t h e Logar val l ey i s
obt a i ne d. The a s c e n t from t h e e a s t is e a s y, wi t h a ge ne r a l gr a di e nt
o f a bout 8 i n 100 i nc r e a s i ng s l i g h t l y a s t h e s u m m i t is appr oached;
t h e d e s c e n t on t h e w e s t is mor e d i f f i c u l t , and t h o u g h g u n s were g o t
down by hand i n 1879 it would be al most i mpos s i bl e t o g e t t hem U P
wi t h t h e r oad i n t h e s t a t e it was i n a t t h a t t i m e . The s oi l is,
howe ve r , o f d i s i n t e g r a t e d r oc k and a f a i r r oad f o r wheel ed t r a f f i c
c oul d be made wi t hout ve r y much d i f f i c u l t y . The r e is no timber
avai l abl e near t h e summit. Regar di ng t h e Sh u t u r Gardan pa s s Sir
~ r e d e r i c k Rober t s , i n bal anci ng t h e r e s p e c t i v e a dva nt a ge s o f t h e
Kurram and Khaibar r o u t e s i n t o Af ghani s t an, r emar ked a s f ol l ows i n
1880 :
"The onl y pe r i od t h e Sh u t u r Gardan is c l os e d t o t h e pa s s a ge of
t r o o p s is from t h e mi ddl e of December t o t h e end of March, and
t h o u g h of c o u r s e it is obj ect i onabl e t o have an army pr act i cal l y c u t
o f f from Kabul f o r f r om 3 1/2 t o 4 mont hs , still it must b e remem-
ber ed t h a t dur i ng t h i s per i od t h e pl ai ns of Kabul a r e more or less
cover ed wi t h s now, and t h a t t h i s s e a s on o f t h e year would c e r t a i nl y
not be s e l e c t e d f o r mi l i t ar y ope r a t i ons i n Af ghani s t an e x c e p t unde r
ver y p r e s s i n g ci r cums t ances . But I t h i n k I may s a f e l y a s e r t t h a t ,
even i n t h e d e p t h of wi nt er , were a move ne c e s s a r y, an e n t e r p r i s i n g
commander would c r o s s t h e Shut a r Gardan. Pr act i cal l y, t h e r e f or e ,
t r o o p s qua r t e r e d i n t h e u p p e r por t i on o f t h e Kurram val l ey a r e
capabl e of bei ng p u s h e d on t o Kabul all t h e year round. "
For d e t a i l s o f t h e ope r a t i ons i n t h e ne i ghbour hood o f t h e Sh u t u r
Gardan p a s s i n 1879, see t h e " Of f i ci al Hi st or y of t h e Second Af ghan
War." (I.B.C.)
4 Jp&
SHUTUR MURDA
34- 67-. A f o r t i n t h e Besud count r y. A pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is
l ocat ed a t 34-29 67-36 G.
SHUTURSHAHR o r USTARSHAHR
&J=
35-0 68-52 G. A l a r g e Shi nwar i vi l l age on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e
Ghorband r i ve r , 18 1/2 miles above Tutam Dara. I t lies a t t h e mout h
of t h e Sh u t u r s h a h r r avi ne whi ch h e r e j oi ns t h e Ghorband from t h e
s out h. A t Sh u t u r s h a h r t h e r oad l e a di ng over t h e Walian p a s s i n t o
Khinjan l e a ve s t h e main r oad t o t h e Chahar dar p a s s and, c r o s s i n g t h e
Ghorband r i ve r , l e a d s up t h e Nimakao gl en. The G hor band is s ai d t o
be br i dge d o p p o s i t e Shut ur s ha hr , b u t it is d o u b t f u l i f t h i s b r i d g e
r eal l y e x i s t s ; t h e r i ve r , however , is pr obabl y e a s i l y f or da bl e
her eabout s ; it c e r t a i nl y is s o a t s e ve r a l pl a c e s bot h above and
below Sh u t u r s hahr . (I.B.C.)
SI AB +&
34- 69-. A vi l l a ge in t h e Koh Daman of Kabul, about 1 m i l e s o u t h
of Dak ka. Its name, t h r e e wat er s , i ndi c a t e s its pos i t i on near t h e
c onf l ue nc e of t h e Kah Dara, t h e Shakar Dara, and t h e Karez-i-Mir
st r eams; 300 h o u s e s o f Taj i ks and Khar ot i s. (I.B.C.)
*SIAHBANDI & + 4 b
34-58 71-24 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d a f e w miles s o u t h we s t of Dangam i n
Kunar pr ovi nce.
SIAH BIN1
&e"e
34- 68-. A p a s s ove r a s p u r from t h e Paghman r a nge l e a di ng i nt o
t h e Koh Daman o f Kabul from t h e s out hwe s t . I t lies 1 1/ 2-mi l e t o
t h e n o r t h we s t of t h e Sur kh Kotal. Thi s is an e a s y pa s s , but wi t h no
wel l - def i ned r oad; it is, however , pr act i cabl e f o r all arms, e x c e p t
wheel ed a r t i l l e r y, and f o r bag g a g e mul es and poni es . (Kinloch .)
SIAH BUHAK 4 L
34-39 67-9. Appear s t o be t h e name a ppl i e d t o t h e u p p e r pa r t o f t h e
Sar-i-Kol g l e n .
SIAH BUMAK
A,? *L
34-37 67-13 rn. El evat i on 10, 375 f e e t . A vi l l age i n t h e Dai Zangi
d i s t r i c t of Lal, s i t ua t e d i n a l a r g e t agao whi ch e n t e r s t h e Kirman
val l ey from t h e s out h. Ot her pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name a r e l ocat ed a t
34-29 67-0 m., 34-16 67-3 m., and 34-12 66-40 m. ( LWA)
SIAH CHASHMA q'-rd
34- 66-. A f o r t vi l l age of t h e or di nar y t y p e , s i t uat et j i n t he
Tal khak sub- di vi si on of t h e Da i Zangi d i s t r i c t of Lal. Ot her vil-
l a g e s wi t h t h i s name a r e l oc a t e d a t 34-38 66-43 m., 34-21 66-23 G,
34-30 66-17 G, and a w e l l a t 34-37 66-43 G.
*S I AHCHO 4-
34-25 68-59 m. A vi l l age on t h e ba nks of t h e Maidan, s out h of t he
Koh-i-Qorugh i n Kabul pr ovi nce.
SIAH CHOB +H *'P
34- 70-. A vi l l age i n t h e Mahman Dara di vi s i on of t h e Jalabad
d i s t r i c t . I nhabi t ant s: Dehgans. (Jenkyns. ) Pl aces wi t h t h i s name
a r e l oc a t e d a t 34-10 70-44 m.; a bout 4 m i l e s nor t hwe s t of Doaba,
Maidan pr ovi nce, a t 34-3 68-42 m.; and n o r t h e a s t of Ghazni, a t 33-
43 69-36 m. (LWA)
SIAH DARA
4) J 4 L -
34-21 67-1. A gl e n in t h e Dai-Zangi count r y, t r i but a r y t o t h e Panj-
ao. A vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 34-21 67-13 G. (LWA)
SIAH DARA 4, J &
34-31 66-45 m. A very populous glen which des cends nort heast t o t he
Zari val l ey i n Yakh Walang. Se e "Bamian (District)."
A r oad a p p e a r s t o l ead up it and over t h e Kharkol or Gandao Kotal on
t h e Koh-i-Baba, and s o t o Akzarat . (A.B.C.) A vi l l age wi t h t h i s
name is l oc a t e d a t 34-55 66-30 m. (LWA)
SIAH DARA bJ J 4 L
34-37 66-53 G. A gl e n whi ch r uns nor t h and j oi ns t h e Band-i-Amir
val l ey in t h e n o r t h we s t o f Yakh Walang. The vi l l age a t its mouth
c ont a i ns 20 hous e s . (Maitland.)
*SIAH DASHT &J &
34-29 67-4 m. A vi l l age on a st r eam, some 10 miles nor t h of Panjao
i n Bamian pr ovi nce.
*SIAHDEH
4 uL-
33-30 67-25 m. A vi l l age on t h e Nawa-i-Quchangatu, e a s t of t h e
KO h-i-Qada-i-Barik i n G hazni pr ovi nce.
SIAHGIRD
JJ A-
35-0 68-52 M. El evat i on, 6,270 f e e t . Four f o r t vi l l ages on t h e
l e f t bank of t h e Ghorband st r eam and t h e vi l l a ge of Chahar Burjak on
t h e r i g h t bank c o n s t i t u t e Si ahgi r d pr ope r ; di s t a nc e 7 1/2 miles
below Chahar deh. They cont ai n i n a l l 200 f ami l i es of Taj i ks, with a
s pr i nkl i ng of Ghi l zai s. The r e is good campi ng gr ound on t h e r i ght
bank above Si a hgi r d; s u p p l i e s pr ocur abl e. The Dara ~ i n d u k i s t a n ,
whi ch h e r e j oi ns on t h e r i g h t , i s a broad val l ey, wi t h popul at i on of
500 f ami l i es of Taj i ks, owni ng some 700 gar dens . A road l e a ds up it
t o t h e Kotal I s t a l i f on t h e Paghman r ange. Thi s kot al is sai d t o be
d i f f i c u l t f o r pack animals, b u t is occasi onal l y c r o s s e d by l i g htlY
l aden camel s.
The Dara Wazghar j oi ns on t h e l e f t , and about its mouth a r e a number
of small vi l l ages. Here and up t h e dar a l i v e 500 f ami l i es of Tajiks
owning 400 gardens.
~t Si a hgi r d, o p p o s i t e t h e mout hs o f t h e s e t wo da r a s , t h e main val l ey
o p e n s o u t t o a wi dt h of 5 t o 6 miles, and a br oad, gr avel l y d a s h t on
t h e r i g h t bank s l o p e s down from t h e f o o t of t h e Paghman r a nge t o
t h e r i ve r t h r o u g h , a but t i ng on it i n gr a ve l c l i f f s 150 f e e t hi gh.
The r i ve r t r o u g h i t s e l f is 1 m i l e wi de, and is c r owde d wi t h trees
and ga r de ns . ( Peacocke. ) Anot her vi l l age is l oc a t e d a t 34-59 68-
53 m. (LWA)
SIAHKHAGI
J L d b
34-33 66-32 A. El evat i on 10, 585 f e e t . A g r o u p o f f i v e vi l l a ge s i n
t h e Dai Zangi d i s t r i c t o f Lal, a bout 50 m i l e s e a s t o f Daulat Yar.
SIAH KHAK d L 4 L
34-26 68-29 m. A vi l l a ge in t h e Sar-i-Chashma val l ey, 6 miles e a s t
of t h e Unai pas s . I t c ont a i ns (i n 1904) 40 f ami l i es of Taimuris;
headman, Ghulam Nabi. The i nha bi t a nt s p o s s e s s about 60 head of
c a t t l e and 100 s h e e p and goa t s . The annual pr oduc t i on of whe a t and
bar l ey a ve r a ge s a bout 600 I ndi an maund s. (Wanliss.)
SIAHKHAK
d L 4 L
34- 66-. In t h e Sar-i-Kol s u b d i s t r i c t o f Yak h Walang. Se e "Bamian
(District)." Re c e nt maps s how t h e vi l l a ge Si ahk ha ki a t 35-1 67-5
m. (LWA)
SIAH KHARAK d+ &.
A l oc a l i t y i n t h e Dai Kundi count r y. A p a s s and a vi l l age wi t h t h i s
name a r e l oc a t e d a t 34-13 67-5 m. 35-4 68-40 m. (LWA)
SIAHKHAWAL &$ J\+ b-
35- 67-. A pl a c e i n Yakh Walang, 26 m i l e s nor t h o f Kala J a f i r ,
s i t ua t e d i n t h e Dara Si ah Khawal. No i nhabi t ant s . A r oad r u n s down
t h e dar a t o t h e Kamard val l ey; i n f a c t , t h e dar a a p p e a r s t o be t h e
head o f t h e Kamard r i ve r . ( Ami r Khan.) A dar a and a p a s s wi t h t h i s
name is l oc a t e d a t 35-10 67-7 m. (LWA)
SIAH KHOLA + d&
34-33 66-13 G. A g l e n r unni ng nor t h t o t h e Sar-i-Jangal val l ey.
SIAH KOH Or TOWR GHAR (3s) d & L
34-27 70-13 A. A s p u r of t h e e a s t e r n Sa f e d Koh mount ai ns, whi ch
s t a r t s from t h e pa r e nt r a nge s o u t h of J agdal ak, f or ms t h e wa t e r s he d
bet ween t h e Tazin and Sur kha b r i v e r s a nd, on ar r i vi ng e a s t of Jagda-
l ak, t u r n s d u e e a s t t o t h e j unct i on o f t h e Sur khab wi t h t h e Kabul
r i ver . I t is in t h e l a s t pa r t of its c o u r s e t h a t t h e above name is
more s pe c i a l l y a ppl i e d. It s e p a r a t e s Lag hman from Jal al abad. The
pr i nc i pa l p a s s e s ove r t h i s r a nge from t h e Kabul val l ey t o t h e val l ey
of t h e Sur kha b a r e t h e Darunta and t h e Waragali. (Masson, Hol di ch. )
Anot her mount ai n wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 34-24 69-51 C., and a
vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 33-57 68-57 G. (LWA)
SIAH LIAK Or LAYAK &I A-
34-44 67-38. El evat i on 10, 500 f e e t . A p a s s on t h e Bamian-Daulat
Yar main r oad, c r o s s e d a t 38 miles from t h e f or mer . From a l ow
el evat i on t o t h e nor t h of t h e r oad a good vi ew is obt ai ned. The
c ount r y is a mass of r i d g e s and undul at i ons , r unni ng nor t hwar d from
t h e main r a nge on t h e s o u t h , and f or mi ng pa r t of t h e g r e a t pl at eau
nor t h of t h e Koh-i-Baba. The l a t t e r is i n t e r s e c t e d by hol l ows, whi ch
a r e not unf r e que nt l y r oc ky g o r g e s . ~ t s ge ne r a l a s p e c t is t h a t o f a
brown, s t o n y or gr avel l y and treeless wast e. The r e is little or no
gr a s s , e x c e p t i n t h e hol l ows , but l ow s cr ub; a ppa r e nt l y good camel
gr a z i ng e x i s t s e ve r ywhe r e . Th e a s c e n t t o t h e kot a l is r a t he r st i ff,
b u t c oul d e a s i l y b e i mpr oved; t h e d e s c e n t is s l i g h t . The head of t h e
Si ah Liak r a vi ne is c r o s s e d by t h e r oad b e f o r e t h e kot a l is r eached.
Th i s r a vi ne r u n s away nor t h, t h e r oad f r om Fi r ozbahar t o Band-i-~mir
d e s c e n d i n g i n t o t h e l o we s t p a r t of it. (Maitland.) The r e is al so a
vi l l a ge and a s t r eam wi t h t h i s name i n t h i s ar ea. (LWA)
*SIAH NAO $ *L-
34-24 67-12 m. A vi l l a ge on a t r i b u t a r y of t h e Darazqol , nor t heas t
o f Panj ao i n Bamian pr ovi nce.
SIAH NUR Or ( RAH KOL)
34- 67-. A k o t a l i n t h e Besud count r y.
SIAH NUR
34- 67-. A v i l l a g e i n Besud.
SIAH POSH See KAFIRISTAN &R *L
*S I AHQOL
&*k
34-2 67-1 m. A vi l l a ge s o u t h we s t o f Pi t aoqol ; o t h e r pl aces with
t h i s name a r e n o r t h e a s t o f Pi t aoqol , a t 34-7 67-17 m., and nearby
a t 34-10 67-26 m.
SIAH REG
4, *L
34-40 67-57. A p a s s l e a di ng ove r t h e Koh-i-Baba from t h e Helmand
val l ey t o t h a t of Bamian, and t h e n e x t p a s s w e s t o f t h e Hajigak. Th e
d e s c e n t is s o d i f f i c u l t t h a t Masson ment i ons mos t of hi s part y
di s mount e d t o l e a d t h e i r h o r s e s . On r e a c hi ng "Siah Sang," t h e road
t a k e s a w e s t di r e c t i on, and crosses t wo l ong p a s s e s , and de s c e nds
i n t o t h e Kal u val l ey. (Masson.)
I . . : Th i s would a p p e a r t o b e i d e n t i c a l wi t h t h e Kafzar. I t cannot
w e l l be t h e same a s t h e Si ah Reg ment i oned unde r "Ji ri a Khana."
Th e r e is a Si ah Sang 10 miles s o u t h o f t h e I r ak Kotal. Vi l l ages with
t h i s name a r e l oc a t e d a t 33-25 67-9 m., 33-56 68-11 G., and 34-2
66-32 m. (LWA)
SIAH SANG & *&-
34-36 68-7 A. A val l ey t r i but a r y t o t h e Helmand near its sour ce.
SIAH SANG
L dd. .
34- 67-. A g r o u p o f vi l l a ge s i n t h e n o r t h e a s t of t h e Besud coun-
t r y. One vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 34-6 67-33 m. ( LWA)
SIAH SANG
L *L-
34-31 69-14 A. An i s ol a t e d hi l l l yi ng be t we e n t h e c i t y of Kabul and
t h e c o n f l u e n c e o f t h e Kabul and Logar r i ve r s . Its c r e s t is about 2
miles l ong, i n t e r r u p t e d by s e v e r a l d i p s , and its s l o p e s a r e gent l e,
e x c e p t on t h e we s t e r n s i d e , whi ch is s t e e p . ( See "Kabul City.")
SIAH SANG
L *b-
34-49 69-29 m, A vi l l a ge i n t h e Koh Daman; 50 hous e s . (Kinloch.)
SIAH SANG
L *k
33- 68-. A pl a c e near Ghazni . Anot her pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is
l oc a t e d a t 33-12 67-29 m. ( LWA)
34-40 67-50 m. A vi l l a ge on
a s t r eam, some miles nor t hwe s t of
Qala Sangak in Bamian pr ovi nce. Ot he r vi l l a ge s wi t h t h i s name ar e
l oc a t e d a f e w miles s o u t h of t h e Dahana-i-Shurab in Ghazni pr ovi nce,
a t 34-1 68-2 m., and on a t r i but a r y o f t h e Ghor band, s o u t h e a s t o f
Asheq and some 15 m i l e s s o u t h of Sur kho Par sa i n Parwan pr ovi nce, a t
34-46 68-39 m.
SIAH SANG1
A s ubs ect i on of t h e Daul at Pai Besuds.
*SIBAK
4'P
34-14 67-14 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e Qol-i-Tsuitamman in Bamian pr ovi nce.
Anot her pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y o f t h e Ghor -
band s o u t h o f Sur kho Par sa i n Parwan pr ovi nc e a t 34-49 68-37m.
SI KANDAR
A v i l l a g e of Besud Hazaras.
SI KANDAR KHEL
&--I&
33-53 69-40 m. A vi l l a ge of t h e Hasan Khel Taj i ks, 1 m i l e s o u t h of
Karmana on t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e uni t ed wa t e r s o f t h e Karaia and
Hazar Dar akht s t r eams . The vi l l age c o n s i s t s of 60 hous e s . Cul t i va-
t i on e x t e n s i v e and r unni ng a c ons i de r a bl e d i s t a n c e u p t h e val l ey t o
t h e w e s t . (Khane.) Ot he r pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name a r e l oc a t e d a t 33-
53 69-51 G. and 34-13 66-44 m. (LWA)
SIKARAM or SITARAM ts
34-2 69-54 m. El evat i on 15, 620 f e e t . The h i g h e s t poi nt i n t h e
Saf ed Koh r ange. Bel l ew, who c a l l s it Si t aram, s ays : "Towar ds its
bas e Sitaram is t h i c k l y c ove r e d by a d e n s e gr owt h o f oa ks and
ol i ves, whi c h, t o g e t h e r wi t h o t h e r trees, e x t e n d over its l owe r
h e i g h t s . On t h e r i d g e s above t h e s e a r e s p l e n d i d f o r e s t s o f p i n e s
and yew t r e e s , and above t hem p r o j e c t s in wild gr a nde ur t h e ba r e
mountain r oc k, p r e s e n t i n g h e r e and t h e r e massi ve boul de r s t h a t
over hang in t hr e a t e ni ng a t t i t u d e c r a g g y p r e c i p i c e s of f e a r f u l d e p t h ;
whi l s t r i s i ng above a l l is a h u g e snow- cover ed mass, whos e summit
t owe r s a l o f t i n a coni cal poi nt , whi ch is s ur r ounde d by pur e , whi t e ,
f l e e c y snow, c l o u d s and va pour s , whos e pa r t i c l e s s p a r k l e l i k e di a-
monds in t h e s u n l i g h t a s t h e y f l o a t calmly r ound t h e pi nnacl e o f
Sitaram .'I ( Bel l e w , Hold i c h .)
SILMAN See DAI MIRDAD
*SINABOLAQ JX!
34-21 67-52 m. A vi l l a ge in t h e Behsud ar ea i n Maidan pr ovi nce.
SIN1 +=
34- 68-. A smal l vi l l age in t h e s o u t h of t h e Bamian d i s t r i c t , 2
miles w e s t of t h e Hajigak Kotal. Near it is t h e haml et o f Si ah
Khak. (Amir Khan.) A pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 34-38 68-2
G. (LWA)
SINJIT
34- 69-. A kot a l l e a di ng over t h e nor t he r n end of t h e Paghman
r ange. A t r a c k t a k e s o f f west from t h e Kabul-Charikar main r oad 7
1/2 mi l es b e f o r e r e a c hi ng t h e l a t t e r pl ace, and l e a d s up t h e Si nj i t
Dara t o t h e kot al , d i s t a n t a bout 10 miles, and t h e n c e down t o Kala
Amir Ali in Kakshal . Thi s r o u t e is d i f f i c u l t , but sai d t o b e pr ac-
t i cabl e f o r camels. Si nj i t pr ope r , a l a r g e pl a c e a t t h e mout h o f
t h e dar a, is sai d t o cont ai n 1, 000 Tajik f ami l i es. (1.B.C.)
SINJIT (DAHAN)
A p l a c e i n t h e Dai Kundi count r y.
&&"
*SINJITAK
34-10 67-14 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e Helmand a f e w m i l e s nor t he a s t of
Pi t a oqol i n t h e Bamian pr ovi nce.
*SINZAt I
a?-
34-36 70-27 m. A vi l l a ge near Dogar n o r t h o f Jal al abad.
SIPAH SALAR , YLr &
34-36 69-13. A s m a l l f o r t i n t h e Kabul d i s t r i c t , e a s t of and cl ose
t o t h e Paiminar pa s s . I nha bi t a nt s : Ki zi l bashi s. (Kennedy.)
SIPAI 3k &-
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge in t h e Kot di vi s i on o f t h e Jal al abad di s t r i c t ,
a little t o t h e w e s t o f Kamal Khel ( about 1/2 mi l e ) . I nhabi t ant s:
Ti r ai s. ( Jenkyns. ) A pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 34-10 70-
37 G., a n o t h e r - s p e l l e d Si pi a - is a t 34-8 70-34 m. (LWA)
SIPAI Or SEHPAI
One of t h e f our main d i v i s i o n s of t h e Shi nwar i s .
*SIPIAO J' W
34-16 70-44 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e Jal al abad - Tor kham r oad, about 8
m i l e s w e s t of Basawul i n Jal al abad pr ovi nce.
SIRACHA-I-ALI KHAN "I; &*'P
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Sur kha b di vi s i on o f t h e Jalalabad di s-
trict. I nha bi t a nt s : De hga ns and Taj i ks. ( Jenkyns. ) One vi l l age
wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 34-22 70-32 G. (LWA)
'S I RAK 4-
33-55 68-37 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a f e w miles w e s t o f t h e Ghazni -
Kabul r oad, near Mal i khel i n Maidan pr ovi nce, Anot her vi l l age with
t h i s name is l oc a t e d on t h e Jar-i-Antak, s o u t h of Koh-i-Baba, in
Bamian pr ovi nc e , a t 34-34 67-52 m.
S I RANCAN
a
3 rr.
A s e t t l e me n t o f t h e Kar a- kul - dag h i c l a n o f S e h p a i Dai Zangi.
( Pe a r t . )
SIRANGAN, --I See UJARISTAN
*SIRDAK
a' JP
34-37 66-54 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y o f t h e Band-i-Amir,
s out h w e s t of Yakawhng i n Bamian pr ovi nce.
SIRGUL &
A vi l l a ge in Hariob, be t we e n Bel ut and Zabar das t Kala. (Collet. )
S I RKA I c(r
33-47 69-30 m. A p a s s be t we e n t h e Sh u t u r Gardan and ~ a r a t i g a , about
3 m i l e s from t h e f or mer . In 1079 a Br i t i s h de t a c hme nt o f 1 of f i c e r
and 50 men was s t a t i one d on t h i s p a s s in a bl ock- hous e, on whi ch a
f u t i l e a t t a c k was made i n t h e mont h of Se pt e mbe r by a band of
Mangals and Ghi l zai s. In t h e same mont h t h e a p p r o a c h e s t o t h e pass
were much i mpr oved by t h e S a p p e r s and Miners. (McLean, 1.B.C.)
Anot her pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 33-8 69-44 G.
(LWA)
SITARAM See SIKARAM
r+
*SIWAY
w
34-0 69-38 m. A vi l l a ge near Tsapar ay a bout 10 m i l e s s o u t h of Azraw
i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
SKORIGUL See SHORIGUL
*SOBAT
'+P
34-14 67-7 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Helmand
s o u t h e a s t o f Panjao i n Bamian pr ovi nce.
SOF I AN
0 G i ~
34-38 69-22. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Koh Daman, 3 miles s o u t h of Baba Kush
Kar. I t s t a n d s on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Shakar Dara s t r eam, and i n
1880 it cont ai ned 30 hous e s . (Kinloch.)
*SOFIKHEL &,+
34-1 68-32 m. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Wardak a r e a s o u t h of Lwara, i n
Maidan pr ovi nce.
*SOFI SAHIB KOHI &$-L d~
34-28 70-56 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Kabul r i ve r ,
n o r t h e a s t o f Gos ht a, i n Nangahar pr ovi nce.
SOHAK 4-
A br anch o f t h e Burham di vi s i on o f t h e g r e a t Ghi l zai cl an. They
number a bout 5, 000 o r 6,000 f ami l i es; one- t hi r d of t hem l i v e i n
Kharwar; t h e rest a r e i n Paghman, w e s t of Kabul, and r es embl e t h e
o t h e r Ghi l zai s i n t h a t nei g hbour hood. W e have little de a l i ngs wi t h
t hem, but a f e w come i nt o t h e Zhob and Thal Chot i a l i d i s t r i c t s i n
t h e wi nt er . (McMahon, El phi nst one. )
SOJAWAN ~b
33- 68-. A p a s s l e a di ng from Baraki Rajan i n t h e Logar d i s t r i c t t o
t h e Shi ni z val l ey. A vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 33-54 68-
45 G. Recent maps show t h e n a me Sejrawand a t 33-54 68-48 m. (LWA)
SOKHTA
&p.
33- 68-. A val l ey a t t h e head o f t h e Ghazni r i ve r , i nha bi t e d by
Wardaks, and s o cal l ed from its bur nt - up l ook. I t p r o d u c e s s e v e r a l
f i n e ve i ns of l e a d, t h e o r e e vi de nt l y bei ng ve r y p u r e by t h e e a s e
wi t h whi ch it is wor ked. Small q u a n t i t i e s o f i r on have be e n f ound.
A s h r u b on t h e h i l l s ar ound, l i k e a f e r n, b e a r s a medi ci nal gum
smel l i ng l i k e t ur pe nt i ne . (Broad f oot . ) Vi l l ages wi t h t h i s name a r e
l ocat ed on a t r i but a r y of t h e Maidan a f e w m i l e s s o u t h we s t o f Sar-
chashma i n Maidan pr ovi nce, a t 34-24 68-28 m.; on a t r i but a r y o f t h e
Ghorband n o r t h e a s t of t h e Koh-i -Sokht a, i n e a s t e r n Bamian pr ovi nc e ,
a t 34-45 68-5 m.; on a t r i but a r y of t h e Garmab, n o r t h e a s t o f Saf i d-
ab, in s o u t h e r n Bamian pr ovi nce, a t 34-4 67-34 m.; on a t r i but a r y of
t h k Shekar i , nor t h of Bamian,in Bamian pr ovi nce, a t 34-59 67-51 m.
SOKHTA CHI NAR ,&&Ap
34- 69-. A p a s s ove r t h e Karkacha r a nge nor t h of t h e Tezi n pas s .
I t is not d i f f i c u l t , bei ng us e d by car avans. (Masson, Wood.)
?N.B. The Sokht a Chi nar would a p p e a r t o be i de nt i c a l wi t h t h e I r o
Mangal, whi l e t h e Tezi n is p e r h a p s t h e same a s t h e Karkacha. A
vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 35-7 67-41 m. (LWA)
*SOKHTAGI &
34-56 66-36 m. leva ti on 7, 950 f e e t . A c ol l e c t i on of hamlets on
t h e and-i-Amir r i ver .
SOKHTA JAWAL
A pl a c e i n t he Besud count r y.
SOKHTA KALA
A v i l l a g e i n t he Dai Zangi count r y.
SOKHTA KOL
A name a ppl i e d t o t h e lower Tar bul ak.
SOLANAK all-
35- 69-. A p a s s over t h e Panj s hi r r i d g e , on t h e road bet ween Kabul
and Farajg han be t we e n t h e vi l l a ge s of Barakzai and Zarshoi. I t is
s a i d t o b e s o na r r ow i n s ome p l a c e s a s o n l y t o a dmi t a s i ngl e
horseman. ( Leech .)
SOTAN GP
34-43 70-37 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Kunar, some
8 miles nor t h of Dara-i-Nur i n Nangarhar pr ovi nce. A pl ace called
Shot an is l oc a t e d a t 33-35 68-40 m.
SPERAH 'a%-
32- 69-. A r a nge of hi l l s r unni ng s out h from Birmal t o t h e Gumal
a t Domandi. (I.B.C.) A pl ace wi t h t h i s name is l ocat ed a t 33-12
69-31 A. (LWA)
SPERAH 4-
33-12 69-31. Sper ah is a vi l l age and a wol eswal i in Paktia prov-
i nce. The wol eswal i c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 513 s qua r e ki l omet er s and
h a s an a g r i c u l t u r a l p o p u l a t i o n t h a t h a s been est i mat ed a t from
10, 053 t o 12, 775. The wol eswal i is bounded in t h e west by Zeluk, i n
t h e s o u t h we s t by Urgun, in t h e s out h by Gayan, i n t h e e a s t by Tani
and t h e St a t e of Paki st an, in t h e nor t h by Nadar Shah Kot and
Shamal. Sper ah ha s some 43 vi l l ages , 6 of whi ch have more t han 500
i nhabi t ant s . The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d in t h e PG a s f ol l ows: Dwah
Mandah, Sarwi kani , Dargai, Shaddal , Es pi (Wazipa Kalai), Zendah
Tiga, Dandakai, Sper ah, Khor Gorai, Khair Kodai, Warma (Ghorma),
Wasti, Bazi, Laka Ti ga, Sar koh (Sura Kakh), Mina Darah (Mana), Tani
Khel, Kot kai (Qala), Kala, Torwah, Yar Afzal (Afzal Khel), ~ a s h mi r
Rot, Zandar Garre, Tut Kalai, Bir Khel, Lawori (Babori ), Atsal Khel,
Tor Mandah, Dand, Tari, Shami Khola, Khang, Mandata, Ghoj arah (GhOS-
bard), Bazi Kana (Bazi gan), Kana, Kata Sar Khel, Khost Khel, Mulki,
Tang- i - Sul t an- ~hel (Tanisultan-K h el ), Bak hmal a, I sl am Khan, Talib
Khel, Kheder , Sur Kakh, and Balali.
SPIDAR J*
34-46 70-50 m. A vi l l age l ocat ed about 10 miles nor t h w e s t of Tsaw-
kae on a t r i but a r y of t h e Kunar in t h e Kunar pr ovi nce.
SPIDAR NARAI &J+
32-41 69-2 A.
A p a s s in Birmal over t h e wat er s hed bet ween t h e head
wa t e r s of t h e Shaki n and Urgun al gads. I t lies about 1 5 miles sout h
o f Urgun, and is said t o be easy f o r camel s a t all t i mes of t h e
ye a r . (I.B.c.)
SPXGA ~k
A val l ey W e s t o f t h e Sulaiman r ange, whi ch dr a i ns i nt o t h e ~ h a z n i
r i ver . ( El phi nst one. ) A s t r eam wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 33-33
69-4 G. (LWA)
SPINATIGA *+
An a l t e r na t i ve name f o r t h e Narki Khel st r eam i n t h e Khugi ani coun-
t r y s o u t h o f Gandamak. ( St ewar t . )
SpINGAWAI d w
33- 69-. A p a s s a bout 2 1/2 miles n o r t h e a s t o f t h e Paiwar. On
t h i s poi nt t h e l e f t f l a nk of t h e Af ghan army r e s t e d
i n t h e a c t i on o f
t h e Paiwar Kotal, 2nd December 1878.
SPIN GUND
The whi t e f a c t i o n of t h e Khostwals. (I.B.C.)
SPINKAI
One of t h e two main d i v i s i o n s of t h e Nas i r s .
*SPIN KALAY p;.t-
34-5 68-34 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a bout 4 m i l e s n o r t h e a s t of Lwara i n
Maidan pr ovi nce. A pl a c e cal l ed Spi na Kala is l oc a t e d a t 34-10 68-
55 m.
SPIN SAK
JL
The name of a port i on of t h e r ange which, coming from t h e Sher Dahan
hi l l s, r u n s be t we e n t h e Shi l g har and Zurmat d i s t r i c t s . (Broad f oot . )
*SRA 's-
34-14 69-38 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d nor t h of Azraw i n e a s t e r n Nangar-
h a pr ovi nce.
STAGHAI See STIGAI
STANIZAI o r ASTANAZAI
dl;.
Said t o b e a s e c t i o n of t h e Sulaiman Khel Ghi l zai s, but McMahon d o e s
not s how t hem a s s uc h. Se e "Sulaiman Khel."
STERKUAL &+
33- 70-. An a f f l u e n t of t h e Shami l r i ve r whi ch it j oi ns from t h e
nor t he a s t , 1 m i l e bel ow Kadam, on t h e o p p o s i t e bank. ( Spr at t . )
STIGAI or STAGHAI A
A hal t i ng pl ace on t h e Gumal, 34 m i l e s from t h e s o u r c e o f t h a t
r i ver . I t is a d r y pl ai n 300 y a r d s wi de. Water h a s t o b e b r o u g h t
from a s p r i n g near l y 1 m i l e d i s t a n t up a r avi ne on t h e nor t h. Gr as s
is h e r e abundant . Bet ween Ahmadsi Kats, 10 m i l e s above t h i s hal t i ng
pl ace, and Bet s ul , 14 miles bel ow, a road g o e s over t h e h i l l s on t h e
l e f t bank, avoi di ng t h e bed of t h e r i ver . A t 1 1/2 miles is t h e
kot a l of St i gai : t h i s i s a low r i d g e c r o s s e d by t h r e e p a t h s a l l
equal l y good. The a s c e n t is about 150 y a r d s by a br oa d, l e v e l r oad,
not a t all s t e e p ; t h e d e s c e n t is e a s y and down a r avi ne t o t h e
Gumal. (Broad f oot . )
STIR KALA %A+
34- 69-. A vi l l age 6 miles from t h e c r e s t o f t h e Lakarai p a s s on
its nor t h- e a s t e r n s i de . Her e t h e r e is a d e e p narrow r avi ne, c r o s s e d
by a r ough wooden br i dge . The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Mangals, and t h e i r
malik, Mulaim, Akbar Khel Ghi l zai , was ki l l ed in an a t t a c k on t h e
Br i t i s h p o s t a t J agdal ak December 1879. (I.B.C.)
SUBAH +P
A p a s s a t t h e he a d o f t h e Sadbar g l e n l e a di ng i n t o t h e Ahingaran
gl e n.
*SUFI See SOFI d~
*SUKHTA Also see SOKHTA +-
SUKHTA
+-
A v a l l e y i n t h e Al l ahuddi n c ount r y o f t h e J aghat u Hazaras.
SUKHTA JANGAL &~i r .
33-57 67-57 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d s ome 8 miles nor t h of Okak in
nor t her n G hazni pr ovi nce.
SULAIMAN KHEL ckcj\ulr
Th e Sulaiman Khel are t h e l a r g e s t and mos t i mpor t a nt of a l l t h e
Ghi l zai tribes, whi l e t h e y and t h e A l i Khel a r e t h e most i mport ant
o f t h e Bur han di vi s i on. Th e Sulaiman Khel l i v e c h i e f l y i n Mukur,
Kat awaz, a n d w e s t o f Wa z i r i s t a n , a n d a n n u a l l y mi g r a t e i n l a r g e
n u mb e r s vi a t h e Gumal t o t h e Der a I s ma i l Khan d i s t r i c t . ( See
"Powindah. In)
Accor di ng t o McMahon t h e y a r e d i v i d e d i n t o t h e f ol l owi ng main sec-
t i o n s and s ub- s e c t i ons :
SULAIMAN
I 1
Shama i 1 Kha i s a r f *
I
Ahmad*
I
I I I I I I 1
Sul t a n Sa l e h J a n i Kal andar Ghai bi Landai Sar az
J e l a l
Kamr anPani Yahya Hasan Khan Ba s k h a t i a i
I
Mir Khan Zankal Di nar Kharwardin J e l a l I
I
Nisan Sal and Seddu Chi s i V e s t Pai nda
*The Ahmadzai s, t h e main br anch of t h e Sulaiman Khel t r i be , r e s i de
i n t h e ne i ghbor hood o f Sp e g a and Bahl ol , Logar.
**The Sons of Khai sar a r e s ai d t o be: Adan, Nao, s a t ur , Kajhkai,
Mamur, Mitha, Bagh, Mallai, Mallu, Sahi bdi n, Hanzkai , Gul, Batin.
WThe Chi e f o f all t h e Sulaiman Khel s was l s ma t uua ~ h a n , Jabar Khel
~ h m a d z a i (see "Jabar Khel "). H e a nd h i s e l d e s t s on, Muhammad Ha-
shi m, were k i l l e d b y t h e p r e s e n t Amir. Two o t h e r s o n s are s a i d t o
b e i n Ka f i r i s t a n, a nd t h e f o u r t h a nd y o u n g e s t , Abdur Rahman Khan, is
wi t h o t h e r Af ghan r e f u g e e s i n Ra wa l Pindi.
"We a r e b r o u g h t i n t o c o n t a c t c h i e f l y wi t h t h e f o l l o wi n g s e c t i o n s o f
t h e Sul a i ma n Kh e l s , a n d b u t l i t t l e w i t h t h e r e s t o f t h e t r i b e ,
i.e.:
Bahl ol zai s . "A f e w o f t h e Landai zai s c r o s s t h e b o r d e r y e a r l y u n d e r
Malik Dina, wh i l e t h e f o l l o wi n g Sul t a n Khel s u b s e c t i o n s y e a r l y v i s i t
t h e Gi r dao and Zarmel an p l a i n s a nd o t h e r t r a c t s wi t h i n t h e Br i t i s h
bor der under t h e f ol l owi ng headmen:
Kamrani s
Mir Khan Khel
Pani Khel
Zanka is
Yahya Khel
Di nar Khel
J e l a l Khel
Mir Hazar Khan
Azan Khan, Mi r za Khan
Di l a i
Pahl wan Khan
Muharmad Akram Khan
Ka t t a i Khan
Mamrnai Khan
"Of t h e r emai ni ng s u b s e c t i o n s o f t h e Sul t a n Khe l t h e Hasan Khan
Khel and Ba s k h a t t a i s l i v e t h r o u g h o u t t h e ye a r i n Umnai a nd t h e
Kamardid Khel i n Kat awaz.
Saraz. "Of t h e s e w e h a v e little t o d o wi t h a n y b u t t h e Hi l azai s o f
whi ch t h e She i kh Khel and Mahmud Khan Khel s ub- s ect i ons year l y c r o s s
o u r b o r d e r .
"Thei r p r e s e n t headmen a r e :
Shei kh Khel
Mahmud Khan Khel
Kal wat Khan
Muhammad Y a r Khan,
Neku Khan
Khoedad Khel, etc. "The Khoedad Khel, Rama Khel, Sarwan Khel, Shai kh
Khel and Mahmud Khe l have, u n t i l q u i t e r e c e n t l y , had no d e a l i n g s
wi t h t h e Af g h a n Gove r nme nt a nd r e s i d e i n t h e Pi er ak r a n g e u n d e r
t he i r Chi ef Shahabuddi n Khan. The Babi Khel and Sangi n Khel s r e s i d e
i n Kat awaz.
"The Sa r a z r e c o g n i s e t h e c h i e f s h i p o f Sh a h a b u d d i n Khan who, u n t i l
t h e l a s t t wo o r t h r e e y e a r s , h e l d an i n d e p e n d e n t p o s i t i o n on t h e
Af g han b o r d e r and d e n i e d t h e A m i r ' s a u t h o r i t y . H e h a s s i n c e admi t -
t e d t h e A m i r l s s o v e r e i g n t y and h a s g i v e n h i s d a u g h t e r i n ma r r i a ge t o
one of t h e Ami r ' s younger s ons . The Bahl ol zai s have t wo headmen:
"Muhammad Akrarn Khan, Yahya Khel, and Muhammad Azim Khan."
Th e s e c o n d e d i t i o n o f t h i s Ga z e t t e e r s a ys : " The i n h a b i t a n t s o f
Mukur a r e mos t l y o f t h e A l i Khel s e c t i o n o f t h e Sul ai man Khel," b u t
t h e A l i Khel woul d a p p e a r t o b e a s e p a r a t e br a nc h o f t h e Ghi l zai --
see McMahonl s t a b l e g i v e n u n d e r "Ghi l zai . " Ha s t i n g s me n t i o n s Ta p p a
A l i Khel a s a p o r t i o n o f t h e Gha z ni d i s t r i c t a s f ol l ows :
"Tappa A l i Khe1.--This t a p p a is known b y t wo names , vi z. , Ali Khe l
and Mukur, t h e c h i e f t o wn , wh i c h , on t h e wa t e r s h e d s y s t e m, is t h e
boundr y l i n e b e t we e n Kandahar a nd Kabul.
"The name o f t h e cl an who i n h a b i t t h i s t a p p a is ' A l i Khel.' T h e
b o u n d a r i e s a r e s a i d t o b e a s f o l l o ws :
Nor t h . - - J ah- i - ~ur ad, i n Andari .
South.--To k hi , i n t h e Ka l a t - i - G h i l z a i d i s t r i c t a nd Arg handab.
Ea s t . - - Tar aki
West.--Jag h u r i i n Hazara
Th e r e are c e l e b r a t e d p l a c e s o r l a r g e v i l l a g e s i n t h i s t a p p a .
Ther e a r e from 80 t o 100 f o r t s .
T h e i n h a b i t a n t s a r e Gh i l z a i s , t h e y a r e s p l i t u p i n t o main s ub-
d i v i s i o n s (1) Khudozai , (2) A l i Khel.
" The c h i e f men o f t h e Khudozai s e c t i o n a r e Maliks Azam Khan and
Sha di Khan. Pai nda Khan is t h e c h i e f o f t h e A l i Khel s e c t i on.
"The Khudozai s own a bout 3, 000 h o u s e s i n t h e d i s t r i c t . The A l i Khel
population is more numerous and al so more powerful. They number but
a f e w Kuchi s.
The d i s t r i c t is i n p a r t s l e v e l and e l s e wh e r e hi l l y; t h e hi l l y par-
t i on o c c u p i e s a l a r g e r a r e a t h a n t h e l e v e l por t i on. None of t h e
h i l l s i n t h e d i s t r i c t a r e l a r ge .
I r r i ga t i on is by means o f t h e ka r e z s ys t e m f e d from s p r i n g s .
Th e r e is o n e ka r e z o f not e , cal l ed Sadozai . It is Government pro-
p e r t y and l a n d s wa t e r e d by it a r e khal sa. "
Th e above ha s be e n al l owed t o s t a n d , b u t j udgi ng from McMahon8s
i nf or mat i on it would e v i d e n t l y be mor e c o r r e c t l y pl aced under " Al i
Khel ."
In Apr i l 1880, when Si r Donald St e wa r t mar ched from Kandahar t o
Ghazni t h e vi l l a ge s i n t h e Mukur d i s t r i c t were c ompl e t e l y d e s e r t e d ,
and a c ons i de r a bl e number o f t h o s e who o p p o s e d him a t Ahmad Khel
were Sulaiman Khel. ( Ha s t i ngs , McMahon, I.B.C.)
SULAIMAN KHEL LC)"&
A s ubdi vi s i on of t h e Chakmani s. A vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is l ocat ed
a t 32-16 68-30 G. (LWA)
SULA IMAN RANGE iru
Th e name whi c h h a s be e n a p p l i e d by g e o g r a p h e r s , f o r pur pos e s of
g e o g r a p h i c a l d e s c r i p t i o n , t o t h e mos t s o u t h e r l y por t i on of t h e gr e a t
wat er shed which di vi des t h e drai nage syst em of t h e Helmand from t hat
of t h e I ndus . Th e name Sulaiman, a s a p p l i e d t o t h i s r ange, is qui t e
unknown l ocal l y and no d o u b t o we s its or i gi n s i mpl y t o t h e f a c t t ha t
it p a s s e s f o r a c o n s i d e r a b l e d i s t a n c e t h r o u g h c ount r y i nhabi t ed by
t h e Sulaiman Khel Ghi l zai s .
St a r t i ng from t h e ne i ghbour hood of t h e Sh u t u r Gardan p a s s it r uns a t
f i r s t i n a s o u t h - s o u t h e a s t e r l y d i r e c t i o n and, unde r t h e names of
t h e Mangal, and J a dr a n hi l l s , s e p a r a t e s t h e h e a d wa t e r s of t h e Gar-
d e z , o r J i l ga s t r eam from t h o s e o f t h e Kurram and Kaitu. Thi s
s e c t i o n c ont a i ns s e v e r a l p e a k s o f from 11, 000 t o 12, 000 f e e t in
h e i g h t , and is c r o s s e d by a d i f f i c u l t t r a c k l e a di ng from Matun in
Khos t t o Gar dez i n Zurmat.
A t a bout 35 miles from t h e Sh u t u r Gardan p a s s t h e r a nge t u r n s shar p-
l y t o t h e w e s t f o r a s h o r t d i s t a n c e and t h e n c ont i nue s i n a s out h-
we s t e r l y d i r e c t i o n f o r a bout 60 miles t o t h e Sar wandi Narai. In
t h i s s e c t i o n it is va r i ous l y known a s t h e Kotanni, Koh-i-Nak and
Sar wanid r a nge and s e p a r a t e s t h e Khar ot i Ghi l zai c ount r y and Birmal
on t h e e a s t from t h e Katawaz d i s t r i c t on t h e w e s t . I t is c r o s s e d by
t wo e a s y p a s s e s , t h e Kot anni Narai ( 8, 000 f e e t ) and t h e Sarwandi
Narai (7, 500), ove r whi c h r un r o a d s from t h e Toc hi and Gomal t o
Ghazni and Mukur r e s pe c t i ve l y. The hi g h e r p e a k s i n t h i s s e c t i on ar e
still ove r 10, 000 f e e t b u t beyond t h e Sar wandi Narai t h e y de c r e a s e
i n h e i g h t and t h e r a nge becomes i ns i gni f i c a nt .
From t h e Sar wandi Narai t h e r a nge c o n t i n u e s i n a s out hwes t er l Y
d i r e c t i o n f or a bout 4 5 miles u n d e r t h e name o f t h e Wazi Khwa; it
t he n t ur ns shar pl y sout hwar ds and, now almost undefi ned e xc e pt a9 a
wat er - par t i ng, e n t e r s Br i t i s h t e r r i t o r y near Sur zangal . From her e
it c o n t i n u e s u n d e r t h e name of Khwaja Amran a nd, pa s s i ng t o t h e west
o f Que t t a , t e r mi na t e s i n t h e Sa r l a t r a nge j u s t n o r t h o f ~ u s h k i -
For p u r p o s e s o f g e o g r a p h i c a l d e s c r i p t i o n onl y t h e mountain syst em
j u s t d e s c r i b e d is s omet i mes s p o k e n of as t h e Wes t er n Sulaiman ranger
a n d i n t h i s c a s e t h e E a s t e r n Sul ai man r a n g e is h e l d t o b e t h e
s u c c e s s i o n o f h i l l s al ong wh o s e c r e s t r u n s t h e Indo-Af g han bounda r y
from t h e Pai war Kot al t o Domandi (see I nt r oduc t i on) . Th e s e h i l l s
t hr ow o f f a number o f s p u r s t o t h e e a s t b u t a s t h e s e al l lie wi t hi n
~ r i t i s h t e r r i t o r y t he y need not be t r e a t e d of her e. (I.B.C.)
SULI J Or SOLECH +
35-3 66-26 A. A haml et i n t h e Band-i-Amir val l ey, some 57 m i l e s
below Fi r ozbahar , and near t h e boundar y l i n e o f t h e Kabul - Tur ki st an
pr ovi nces . Th e r e is s a i d t o b e s p a c e e n o u g h t o camp a bat t al i on.
(A.B.C.)
SULTAN AHMAD
A s ubs e c t i on of Da i k h i t a i Hazar as.
SULTAN BAGH i'! cju
33-20 68-36 A. A vi l l a ge o f Ander Ghi l zai s , b e t we e n Ghazni and
Kala-i-Nazar Khan, t h e f i r s t s t a g e t o wa r d s Darwar. (MacLean.)
SULTAN BAKAR
33- 67-. A f o r t i n Sang-i-Masha.
SULTAN BAKAR, KALA-I- O r KALA-I-NAU o u
33- 67-. A J a h u r i vi l l a ge s i t u a t e d a bout one m i l e t o t h e w e s t o f
Sang-i-Masha.
SULTAN BURJ c* u
u
34- 69-. A vi l l a ge on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Su r k h a b r i ve r , on t h e
road f r om Gandamak t o Kabul by t h e Kar kacha pa s s . I t is near t h e
vi l l age o f Yaghi band and, l i k e it, b e l o n g s t o t h e Maruf Ghi l zai s.
Su p p l i e s a r e n o t pr ocur abl e, b u t f u e l is abundant . Th e r e is no
campi ng gr ound. ( St e wa r t , J ohns t on. )
SULTAN1 jL
33-4 68-58 m. A v i l l a g e s i t u a t e d a t t h e e n t r a n c e of Zurmat and
Katawaz from t h e Dwa Gumal r i ver . (Broad f oot . ) Ot he r p l a c e s wi t h
t h i s name a r e l o c a t e d a t 34-20 68-1 m., and 34-2 67-18 m. (LWA)
SULTAN J A N J- ,u
34-30 69-3. A f o r t i n t h e Ch a r d e h val l ey of Kabul, i nc l ude d i n t h e
vi l l age o f I nchu, and c l o s e t o it. About 30 f ami l i es o f Taj i ks. I t
b e l o n g e d f o r me r l y t o S a r d a r S u l t a n J a n ( Bar akzai ) , who d i e d in
conf i nement a t Her at in t h e d a y s of Amir Dost Muhammad Khan. H i s
s on Abdul l a Khan was ki l l e d a t Kandahar in 1881. (I.B.C.)
SULTAN KHEL & &J-
33-52 68-38 G. A v i l l a g e 26 miles n o r t h e a s t o f Ghazni , on t h e r oad
t o Kabul. Ot he r p l a c e s wi t h t h i s name a r e l o c a t e d a t 34-18 68-42 m.
and 34-18 69-13 m. (LWA)
*SULTAN KHEL LL)&J-
32-56 68-38. Sul t an Khel is an al aqadar i i n Ghazni pr ovi nce. The
al aqadar i c o mp r i s e s an a r e a o f 394 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s and h a s an
a g r i c u l t u r a l popul at i on t h a t ha s been e s t i ma t e d a t from 2, 605 t o
4,959. The al aqadar i is bounded i n t h e w e s t by Katawaz, i n t h e
Sout h by Jani Khel, i n t h e e a s t by Omna, and in t h e n o r t h by Yusuf
Khel. Sul t an Khel h a s a bout 36 vi l l a ge s , 2 of whi ch have more t h a n
500 i nha bi t a nt s . The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d in t h e PG a s f ol l ows :
Ghai bi Khel, Yahya Khel, Atalan, Muru wat Khel , Khal at , Naw-i-Khalat,
Zala Khal at , Allayar, Waluki (Mug hul Waluki), Mug ha1 Khel, Zanki ,
Terwi-i-Zanki, Malakh Zanki, Karawuddin, Meht argai , G h a z - i - ~ c h ~ ~ ~ ,
Osman-i-G ha ni , Godal - i - Shamal zai , Moh' d Af zal , Haji Alam, Mul l a
Gagh, Marzakan, Muchan, Mata Khel, Palaw, Spi n Sar, Balu Godali,
Gul wal, Qazla-i-Asg har, Qala-i-S hin-Marakan, Mare z kan, Qala-i- ash-
mir, Koriyan, Karim Khan, Pa Ya w-i-Jalal-Khel, Somuy Qala, Borakai,
and Zart agai .
SULTANPUR BALA y & & & L
34-25 70-19 m. A vi l l age i n t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t , on t h e r i ght
bank of t h e Sur khab r i ver , about 10 1/4 m i l e s s o u t h we s t of Jalal-
abad. The r e is a s ar ai h e r e and t h e r e i s room t o encamp a division
wi t h p l e n t i f u l s uppl i e s , and wat er from i r r i ga t i on channel s. Camel
g r a z i n g is s c a n t y . ( Wanl i ss. ) Re c e n t maps s how t h e spel l i ng
Sul t anpur e. (LWA)
SULTANPUR PAIN G&W&-
34-24 70-17. A vi l l age i n t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t , about 1 1/2 miles
s o u t h e a s t of Sul t anpur Bala. I t is s ur r ounde d by cul t i vat i on i rri -
g a t e d from t h e Sur khab. I t c ont a i ns ( i n 1904) some 1,000 families
of Taj i ks p o s s e s s i n g about 1, 200 head of c a t t l e ; t h e annual produc-
t i on of wheat and bar l ey a ve r a ge s about 22,000 Indi an maunds, t he
ar ea of l and unde r cul t i vat i on bei ng 800 j ar i bs. Land-tax is as-
s e s s e d a t t h e r a t e of 16 kr a ns pe r j ar i b on cul t i vat ed land and 24
kr a ns pe r j ar i b on or c ha r ds . The r e is a g r e a t de a l of weaving done
he r e . (Wanliss.)
*SUM P
34-44 66-48 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on t h e Band-i-Amir, some 10 miles
w e s t of Yakawlang in west ern Bamian province.
SUMARA 4 ~ ~ 4 ~ -
34-49 67-53 G. A l a r g e gl en i nhabi t ed by Taj i ks, de s c e ndi ng north
from t h e Koh-i-Baba and debouchi ng i nt o t h e Bamian val l ey about 4
1/2 m i l e s below Kala Sar kar i . Accor di ng t o Amir Khan t h e vi l l ages
i n it a r e :
Fami 1 ies
Kala Murad A l i 6
Kala Akrarn 4
Kala Ramzan 15
Kala Fa t e hul l a 20
Kala Fa i z ul l a h 7
Kala Sumara 15
( Ami r Khan.)
SUMBALAK 6
35-18 69-3. A br anch of t h e Bajgah pa s s over t h e Hindu Kush.
The
road t o it g o e s from Tutamdara in t h e Kohi st an, and t he nc e by Sumba-
l ak and "Alang" in 38 m i l e s t o t h e t o p of t h e pas s , whence i t is
about 10 m i l e s t o Khinjan. (Leech. )
N.B.--This is pr obabl y t he same a s t he Sal ang.
SUM-I-DULDUL J J J ~
34-2 68-44. A low p a s s i n t h e Logar val l ey over whi ch t h e Kabul
road r uns. I t is 2 1/2 miles nor t h of Zahi dabad, and has an almost
i mpe r c e pt i bl e a s c e n t and de s c e nt . The pr i nt of t h e hoof of ~ u d u l
( t h e f a vor i t e hor s e of Al i , t h e pr ophe t ' s son-in-law) is poi nt ed out
on a r ock a t t h e summit, he nc e t h e name. ( I B C ) A vi l l age with
t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 34-9 69-7 G. ( LWA)
*SUMUCHAK 6
34-51 68-44 m. A vi l l a ge near Pa s de h on a t r i but a r y o f t h e Ghor band
in Parwan pr ovi nce. Ot he r pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name a r e l oc a t e d a f e w
miles n o r t h e a s t o f Paghman in Kabul pr ovi nce, a t 34-37 69-0 m., and
on a t r i but a r y o f t h e Helmand i n Maidan pr ovi nc e , a t 34-31 67-50 m.
SUMUK L
IS sai d t o b e a val l ey w e s t of Uj ar i st an, and t o be i nha bi t e d by t h e
Kolian t r i b e . ( Mai t l and .)
*SUNBULAGH ~ Y R "P
34-3 67-20 m. A vi l l a ge near Haj i gak on a t r i but a r y of t h e Helmand
in Barnian pr ovi nce.
SUNRU
*
35- 71-. El evat i on 4, 610 f e e t . A pl a c e on t h e l e f t bank of Bash-
gul , in Mad uga l t e r r i t o r y . (I.B.C.)
SURAKH t ' ~
33-40 69-11 G. A vi l l a ge 12 miles f r om Gar dez, on t h e r oad t h e n c e
t o t h e Al t i mur k o t a l . T h e i n h a b i t a n t s a r e Amazai Gh i l z a i s .
(I.B.C.)
SURBI w
A vi l l age near t h e j unct i on of t h e Kohi st an ( Panj shi r ?) wi t h t h e
Kabul r i ver . (Masson.)
*SUR DAG k' d~
34-19 70-13 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a f e w miles s o u t h of Didawan on a
t r i but a r y o f t h e Sur khr ud i n Nangar har pr ovi nce.
SURKAI &
33-56 69-27 m. El evat i on 10, 200 f e e t . A kot a l a bout 3 miles e a s t
of t h e Shut ur Gardan on t h e Paiwar-Kabul r oad. I t is pa s s a bl e f o r
wheel ed g u n s t h o u g h t h e r oad would r e q u i r e some i mpr ovement i n
pl aces a s it ha s some ve r y s h a r p t ur ni ngs . A wel l - al i gned r oad
coul d e a s i l y b e made a s t h e s oi l is s o f t . I. B. C. Anot her vi l l a ge
wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 32-5 67-15 A. ( L WA)
SUR KALAY 2~
34-2 70-55 m. An a r e a near Dur Baba in s o u t h e r n Nangar har pr ovi nce.
SURKH See AKZARAT tp
SURKH &
33- 66-. El evat i on 10, 020 f e e t . A kot a l c r o s s e d by t h e Daulat
Yar-Bamian main r oad a t a bout 43 m i l e s from t h e f or mer pl ace, and 8
3/4 miles w e s t of Sakawa. I t f or ms a t t h i s poi nt t h e boundar y bet -
ween t h e Hazara d i s t r i c t s o f La1 and Kirman.
SURKH C !
34- 68-. A p a s s on t h e main r oad from Ar ghandi t o t h e Koh Daman.
I t is a bout 1 1/2 miles s o u t h e a s t of t h e Si ah Bini pas s . It is
pr act i cabl e f o r all ar ms e x c e p t wheel ed a r t i l l e r y. (Kinloch. )
SURKH ~r
35-7 69-27 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d s o u t h w e s t of Ts apdar a and e a s t of
Reza Kohest an i n Kapisa pr ovi nce.
SURKHAB Or SURKHRUD (++P) +Lp
24-23 70-7 m. A r i v e r whi c h rises i n t h e Sa f e d Koh r ange t o t he
w e s t o f t h e Lakar ai Kotal, and r u n s nor t h- e a s t wa r ds unt i l it f al l s
i n t o t h e Kabul r i ve r , 4 m i l e s n o r t h we s t o f Jal al abad, r ecei vi ng i n
its c o u r s e numer ous s h a l l t r i b u t a r i e s f r om t h e nor t he r n s l ope s t o
t h e w e s t of Si karam, and gi vi ng its name t o a s ubdi vi s i on of t he
Jal al abad d i s t r i c t . Th e Sur kha b r i v e r is c r o s s e d by an anci ent
b r i d g e , 7 m i l e s n o r t h we s t of Gandamak, whi c h is known a s Sur khpul ,
or t h e "red bridge." The br i dge, whi ch is of bri ckwork and masomy,
c o n s i s t s o f one a r c h of a bout 60 f e e t s p a n and 30 f e e t above t h e
wat er , and was i n good r e p a i r when s e e n i n 1905. It is i ncl udi ng
a p p r o a c h e s , 170 y a r d s l ong by 5 y a r d s br oad. The r e is a good and
per manent f o r d j u s t bel ow it. Th e Sur k hab is h e r e a f i n e st r eam, 60
f e e t i n b r e a d t h , r unni ng (i n Oct ober ) a bout 3 m i l e s an hour. Fodder
f o r a bout 8, 000 ani mal s f o r one day and a bout 1, 500 maunds of un-
ground grain may be col l ect ed in t h e nei ghborhood of Surkhpul. Fuel
a l s o is ampl e. ( St ewar t , Wanl i ss, J o h n s t o n , I.B.C.)
Accor di ng t o J e n kyns , t h e Rud- i - Sur khr ud, o r Sur kha b, sub-di vi si on
c o mp r i s e s a s t r i p on b o t h b a n k s o f t h e r i v e r be t we e n t h e Siah Koh
r a n g e and Kabul r i v e r on t h e n o r t h , and t h e Khugi ani , Chapr i ar , and
Hi sarak s u b d i v i s i o n s on t h e s o u t h , and i n c l u d e s t h e t own of Jalal-
abad .
Th e f ol l owi ng is J e nkyns ' list of t h e vi l l a ge s cont ai ned in Sur khab
i n 1879:
Vi 1 l a g e
I n h a b i t a n t s
1. Tat ang- i - Si hkot i Gh i l z a i s
2. Tat ang- i - Wazi r De h g a n s , Kh u g i a n i s
Gh i l z a i s
3. Kankarak-i -Afghani Ghi l z a i s ( As t a na z a i )
4 . Kankar ak- i - Taj i ki Ta j i k s
5. Baghwani Di t t o
6. Bal abagh Di t t o
7. Bar i na
Gh i l z a i s ( Ast anazai )
8. Fat ebabad Ta j i k s
9. Lakh- i - Taj i ki Khugi ani s
10. Kukukkhel Gh i l z a i s
11. Kot apur-i -Afghani and Kota Di t t o
Muhamnad Shah
12. Kot apur - i - Taj i ki Ta j i k s and Ghi l z a i s
13. Tatang-i-Jabar Ghi l zai s , Taj i ks,
and Dehgans
14. Shamsapur-i-Bala Taj i k s
15. Shamsapur-i-Pain Di t t o
16. Mughalkhel-i-Afghani Gh i l z a i s
17. Kal a-i -Lul a Di t t o
18. Kala- i-Dara Di t t o
19. Baghal -i -Afghani Di t t o
20. Khai rabad ( a l i a s Tat ang- i - Ghi l z a i s , Ta j i ks ,
Usman Khan) and Dehgans
21. Kushkak Ta j i k s
22. Sahi bzada-i -Araban Di t t o
23. Kalan-Mirza Hashim Ki z i l ba s h
24. Sai dan- i - Ar abi and Kal a-i - Ta j i k s and Ghi l z a i s
Ar s al a Khan and Bazi dkhel
25. Sul t anpur - i - Bal a Ta j i ks
26. Sul t anpur - i - Pai n Di t t o
27. Sai dan- i - Faul adi Ta j i k s ~ h i l z a i s
271/2. Banda-i-Mir Akram
Sahi bzadas
28. Wat t apur , a l i a s Kal a-i - Gh i l z a i s
Shukur Khan
29. Khudpur
30. Malaimpur, alias Kala-i-
~halikdad Khan
31. Mastikhel
32. Kala-i-Shamsuddin Khan
33. Kala-i-Sardar Muhammad
Yusuf Khan
34. Kala-i-Sher Ali Khan
35. Kala-i-Iwaz
36. Deh-i-Ballo
37. Deh-i Walid
38. Amarkhel-i-Afghani
39. Sabzabad
40. Nazarabad
41. Mirzaian
42. Kala-i-Jamadar
43. Mirza Aliabad
44. Nagharak-o-Taj ik
45. Zulmabad
46. Nanabad
47. Kala-i-Sharga Khan
48. Swati
49. Kala-i-Mulla Muhamnad Gul
50. Banda-i-Ha j ian
51. Charbagh
52. Kala-i-Agha Jan
53. Kala-i-Haji Shakur
54. Kala-i-Bakhtan
55. Baladeh
56. Bagrami
57. Chiknaori
58. Kala-i-Mulla Bashir
59. Ghanchak
60. Zerani
61. Jahannuma, alias Kasaba-i-
Pain (including Kala-i-
Alikhel, Kala-i-Babari, Kala-
i-Arbabha, Kala-i-Fazil Beg.)
62. Jalalabad
63. Karezha-i-Shahmand Khan
64. Karez-i-Ghulam Muhammad Khan
65. Kasaba, alias Banda-i-Arnbar
Shah and Mufti Sultan
66. Nahar-i-Shahi
67. Kush Gurnbaz
60. Karez-i-Malik Lala
69. Siracha-i-Ali Khan
70. Samarkhel, alias Ali Boghan
71. Girdikach-i-Bala
72. Girdikach-i-Pain
73. Sultanpur-i-Bala wa Kushkak-i-
Afghani
74. Imlak-i-Shahidar Surkhrud
75. Imlak-i-Shah Paiwasta-i-
Jalalabad
76. Imlak- i-Arbabha
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Tajiks, Ghilzais
Tajiks, Gbilzais
Ghilzais
Ditto
Ta j i ks
Tajiks, Ghilzais
Ghilzais
Ditto
Ta j i ks , Dehgans
Ghilzais
Tajiks, Ghilzais
Taj iks
Ditto
Ghilzais
Ditto
Tajiks
Ditto
Ghilzais
Hindkis
Taj iks
Ri kas
Ditto
Ta j iks , Dehgans
Tajiks
Tajiks, Dehgans
Ditto
Dehgans
Tajiks, Dehgans
Ditto
Tajiks, Mughals,
Kashmiris, Arabs
Dehgans, Tajiks,
Kashmir is
Dehgans, Afghans
Barakzais
Ta j i ks , Dehgans ,
Ki zilbash
Dehgans, Arabs,
Tajiks
Dehgans, Ta j i ks
Arabs
Dehgans, Tajiks
Duranis (weavers)
Dehgans
Ditto
Tajiks
Tajiks, Ghilzais,
Dehgans
Dehgans , Arabs,
Ta j iks
Ta j i k s , Dehgans,
Kuch i s
SURKHABAD ' 6 ' &
34-11 69-4 m. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Logar val l ey, on t h e l e f t bank of
t h e r i ve r , 5 miles n o r t h o f t h e Tangi Waghjan. The i nhabi t ant s ar e
Hazaras, o f whom t h e r e were 40 f ami l i es i n 1880. ( Cl i f f or d, Euan
Smith. ) Anot her pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is w e s t o f Di vaqol i n Bamian
pr ovi nc e , a t 34-19 67-40 m. (LWA)
SURKHAI See MI RZAKAI u+
SURKHAK
34-37 66-45. A vi l l a ge on t h e Bamian-Daulat Yar main r oad, 3 miles
w e s t o f t h e Bakkak Kotal. Re c e nt maps s how t h e name Surkhak-i-
Shi vna. Anot her pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 34-42 68-8 G.
(LWA)
SURKHAK dAp
34-20 66-22 A. A kot a l l e a di ng ove r t h e Band-i-Doakhan from t h e La1
val l ey t o t h e Tal khak gl en. I t is a p p r o a c h e d f r om t h e nor t h by t h e
Sakawa gl e n, whi c h is o f some s i z e , and is s a i d t o be pr act i cabl e
f o r camel s. (Maitland.)
SURKHAK
A small f o r t vi l l a ge i n t h e Dai Zangi count r y. A vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s
name is l o c a t e d a t 34-36 67-14 m. (LWA)
SURKHAK See KHESH dAp
*SURKHAN 0 b P
34-38 70-31 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d i n t h e mount ai ns nor t hwe s t of
Shi va and s o u t h we s t o f Najaran i n Nangar har pr ovi nce.
SURKHANDAO
,\&I&
34-4 69-47. A s m a l l s a d d l e , 1/2 m i l e f r om t h e crest o f t h e Lakarai
p a s s t o wa r d s Bel ut . (I.B.C.)
SURKHAO
,b
34-7 69-7. An out l yi ng d i s t r i c t of Logar , 6 miles e a s t of Zargan
Shahar , and i nha bi t e d by Ahmadzai G hi l z a i s , whos e Chi e f , Padshah
Khan, ga ve s ome t r oubl e t o t h e Br i t i s h in 1879-80. A s a puni shment
t o t h i s c h i e f , h i s t o we r s we r e bl own u p by Si r Fr e de r i c k Rober t s in
May 1880. The d i s t r i c t t a k e s its name f r om t h e s t r eam whi ch f l ows
t h r o u g h it from t h e e a s t , and whi c h, by an e x t e n s i v e syst em of
ka r e z , s u p p l i e d Zargan Sha ha r and o t h e r vi l l a ge s t o wa r d s t h e Logar
r i v e r wi t h wat er . ( Cl i f f or d, Euan Smith. )
SURKH BEDAK
J4R &
34- 68-. A p a s s l e a di ng from t h e Logar i n t o t h e Maidan valley, 8
miles n o r t h we s t of Shul uk. I t is pr a c t i c a bl e f o r a l l arms unt i l
wi t hi n 300 y a r d s o f t h e crest, when it becomes t oo s t e e p f o r f i el d-
guns . The s o i l is e a s i l y wor ke d, and t h e r e would be no d i f f i c u l t y
in maki ng a good r oad ove r it. ( Gasel ee. )
SURKH BUM tfl k
34-26 66-36 m. The name a p p l i e d t o a por t i on o f t h e u p p e r Kirman
val l ey whi c h is, i n t u r n known l owe r down as t h e La1 val l ey. Vinag-
es wi t h t h i s name a r e l oc a t e d a t 34-28 66-35 G. and 34-37 66-33 G.
SURKHDAR tr
34-51 67-45 m. The name a p p l i e d t o t h e u p p e r pa r t of t h e Bamian
val l ey. Re c e nt maps s how a vi l l a ge wi t h t h e name Sug hdar . (LWA)
SURKH DEH 6 at.-
35-36 67-0 G. Two f o r t s and a vi l l a ge in t h e Yakh Walang s ubdi s -
trict, c ont a i ni ng 70 h o u s e s o f Hazaras. (Maitland.) A vi l l a ge wi t h
t h i s name is near Bi dqol , ' s o u t h we s t o f t h e Dasht - i - Nawer i n Ghazni
pr ovi nce, a t 33-24 67-27 m. (LWA)
SURKH DEHYAK (&a)),rl*ac~-
A pl ace in t h e Besud count r y. A vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is a t 34-8
67-1 m. (LWA)
SURKH DENKOR 26,-
34- 70-. A pl ai n i n t h e Jal al abad val l ey, be t we e n A l i Boghan and
Char deh. I t is a wi de, ba r r e n and s t o n y d e s e r t , and i n t h e mont hs
of Apr i l and May t h e de a dl y si moon bl ows ove r it. I t h a s a b r e a d t h
of 9 miles. (Houg h.)
SURKH DIWAL J\fi a cr
34-22 70-42. A l ow r a n g e of h i l l s i n t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t occu-
pyi ng t h e whol e of t h e a ngl e f or med by t h e nor t hwa r d bend o f t h e
Kabul r i ve r be t we e n Lachi pur and A l i Boghan. I t is a l s o known a s
t h e A l i Boghan o r Samar Khel r ange. (Wanliss.) A vi l l age wi t h t h i s
name is l oc a t e d a t 33-57 67-57 G. (LWA)
SURKH-DIWAL J'R a tr
34- 67-. An i mpor t ant st r eam f l owi ng from t h e nor t h i n t o t h e
Helmand i n Besud count r y. It f l o ws from t h e Kohi-i-Baba t h r o u g h t h e
Pusht-i-Jambud-Bebud count r y. A vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d
a t 34-3 67-51 m. (LWA)
*SURKHGAH d q ~
34-1 67-12 m. A vi l l a ge near t h e Band-i-Takhak i n Bamian pr ovi nce.
SURKHJUI, AB-I
T
k ec. -
34-15 66-55 m. A t r i but a r y of t h e Helmand in t h e Hazaraj at . I t
j oi ns t h a t r i ve r from t h e nor t h a f t e r a c o u r s e of 30 miles. It is
al ways f or dabl e. Two pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name a r e l oc a t e d a t 33-47 67-
14 G.,and 33-25 67-1 G. (LWA)
SURKHJU I crvlr CP
A l o c a l i t y i n t h e Jaghur i Hazara count r y. ( Mai t l and. )
SURKH KALA
&.ti cr
34- 69-. A f o r t in t h e Cha r de h val l ey of Kabul, be t we e n Ri s hkhor
and Sar asi a, and i nc l ude d i n t h e l a t t e r . I nhabi t ant s : a bout 20
f ami l i es of Taj i ks. (I.B.C.) A f o r t wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t
34-16 68-59 G. (LWA)
SURKH KALA -b c:r
33-41 68-59. A vi l l age, 1 m i l e from I s pi da r , t o wa r d s Zana Khan, on
t h e road from Guda i n Kharwar t o G hazni . (Gasel ee. )
SURKH KALA &.tie
34- 70-. A v i l l a g e i n t h e Ch a p r i a r d i v i s i o n o f t h e J a l a l a ba d
d i s t r i c t , s i t u a t e d about midway be t we e n ~ a f i z a n and Kala-i-Shaikh.
I nhabi t ant s : Ghi l zai s. ( Jenkyns. )
SURKH KOL cbi&
33- 68-. A vi l l age i n t h e Ghorband val l ey, s i t ua t e d 10 1/2 miles
above ~ a r i n j a l , and 33 miles from t h e head of t h e valley. I t has
600 h o u s e s of Hazaras. (Leech. )
'SURKHKUCHA *sir
34-36 67-3 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d i n t h e Kuh-i-Baba r ange, s out hwes t
of Sar-i-Qol in Bamian pr ovi nce.
'SURKHO PARSA See SURKH PARSA
LJL, cp
*SURKH PARSA ' - J ~ ~ . P
34-55 68-39 m. Sur kh Parsa is a vi l l age and a wol eswal i i n Parwan
pr ovi nce. The wol eswal i c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 949 s qua r e ki l omet ers
and has an a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on t h a t ha s been est i mat ed from
16, 338 t o 23,289. The wol eswal i is bounded in t h e w e s t by Behsud,
i n t h e n o r t h we s t by Shai kh Al i , i n t h e n o r t h e a s t by Ghorband, in t he
e a s t by Paghman, and i n t h e s o u t h by Jal r i z. Sur kh Parsa i ncl udes
42 vi l l ages , of whi ch 21 have more t han 500 i nhabi t ant s . The vil-
l a g e s a r e l i s t e d in t h e PG a s f ol l ows: Baqi Pir Sul t an, Qat ander
(Qat ander-i -Surkh), Khedr i , Paiwand Sur kh, Lulanj, Kh waja Parsa,
Rahman Quli Ulya, Rahman Qul i Suf l a, Abdal Parsa, Wand Parsa, Amer-
t a k , Gulak wa ~ a f z a r , Ab Pus h, Dast arzan, Khakr ez, Ghujur, Dahan
Ghar, Ghazal , Kariz Dahani, Kariz, Dahan Kariz, Bakhshenda, A t a wa
Jamil, Sumuch, Shadman, Wahid, Bangi, Lala, Sangenak, Jami, Daulat
Khani, Sur uki Sur k h ( Sai doki ) , Paye Ro k i , Beg hamak, Khajam Aman,
Meyana Ja- i - Sur k h , Shi na , Fa z e l , Pi r Sul t a n, Kalan Tal a, Shar ak
( Shadak) , and Dahan Qamar wa A l i Khani.
SURKHWL See SURKHAB S ~r
SURKHRUD J~~ t .
34-25 70-18. Sur kh Rud is a wol eswal i i n Nangarhar Province. The
wol eswal i c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 383 s qua r e ki l omet er s and has an
a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on t h a t ha s been es t i mat ed a t about 22,800.
The wol eswal i is bounded i n t h e nor t h by Kats Aziz Khan and Behsud,
i n t h e e a s t by Kama, i n t h e s o u t h by Rodat , Chapar har , and Khogiani,
and on t h e west by Sher zad. Sur kh Rud ha s a bout 64 vi l l ages, 30 of
whi ch have more t han 500 i nhabi t ant s . The vi l l ages a r e l i s t e d in
t h e PG a s f ol l ows: Chaknur i , Sul t an Pur-i-Ulya, Shai kh Mesry, Qala
Dand, Deto Khel, Deh Gha wchak, Nag hzak ( Naqr ak) , Qala-i-Jumadar,
Khairabad, Qala-i-Sardaran, Mast i K h e l , Cha r Bag h-i -Safa, Qala-i-
Hazrat Sahi b, Qala-i-Azim Khan, Mohd. Rahirn-Pur, Ak hund Qala, Darun-
ta, Seyah Sang, Lokhi , Qala-i-Amanullah, Bazid Khel, Deh walid,
Bagh-i -Bal a, Shamsa Pur , Tat ang-i -Qal a-i -Shahi , Zirani, Wata Pur,
Ahmadzai, Mulayem Pur, Sul t an Pur-i-Sufla, sayedan-i-Foladi, Bakh-
t a n , Kes h k a l i k , Sayedan- i - Ar abi , Fa t e h a b a d , Kata Pur , Tatang-i -
Nawab-i-Jabar Khen, Banda-i-Mir-Alamji, Deh Balu, Amar Khel, Bima-
r an, Baghbani, Qala-i-Haji Sahi b, Kankarak, Kakrah, Ganda Chashma,
Nazar abad, Banda- i - Bi bi - Sai d, S wat i , Qarya Haj i -Pi r Sahi b, Shah
Naser, Qala-i-Abdul Wahed, Mirzayan, Qala-i-Nau, Miyagan, Mirane
Qaeimi Yaka, Bala Deh, Z u l m Abad-i-Mirzayan, Bagrami, qala-i-Maruff
Mirza A l i Abad , Kako Khel (Bar kako k hel ) , Sherabad-i-Mirzayan, Khano-
wa Baba-Rhasal, Banda Bibi Shabl o, and Ganbagak.
SURKHRUD See SURKHAB
SURKH SANG
t r
34-13 67-45 m. El evat i on about 11, 000 f e e t . A gr oup of 5 f or t i f i -
f l e d vi l l ages 13 1/2 m i l e s s out h of Mai dan-i -~ai ~ o t a l on t h e road
from Ghazni t o Yakh Walang. A vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t
34-29 67-13 m. (LWA)
SURKH SANG &&
34- 67-. El evat i on 11, 730 f e e t . A kot a l on t h e wa t e r s he d be t we e n
t h e Helmand and Kabul r i v e r basi ns. I t is c r o s s e d by t h e Ghazni -
Yakh Walang r oad a t a bout 62 miles from Ghazni and 1 5 m i l e s s o u t h of
aida an-i-Pai Kot al .
*SURKHSAR r e
34-44 67-20 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y of t h e Band-i-Amir,
s o u t h we s t o f Qar ghanat u, i n Bamian pr ovi nce.
SURKHURGAI J*P
32-35 68-41. A hal t i ng- pl ace a t t h e f o o t o f t h e Kotal-i-Sarwandi
over t h e Sulaiman r a nge , on t h e Gumal r out e . Fuel , wat er , and camel
f or a ge a r e abundant . (Broad f oot . )
SURKI JJ-
33- 69-. A s t r eam f al l i ng i n t o t h e Kurram r i ve r , about 10 miles
below A l i Khel; near t h e c onf l ue nc e is s i t u a t e d on bot h s i d e s of t h e
Sur khi st r eam, a l a r g e s e t t l e me n t of Ahmad Khel J aj i s . (Kane.)
SURKIA ( ~ ) J P
33-56 69-27. A val l ey t o t h e e a s t o f t h e Sh u t u r Gardan, on t h e r oad
t o J aj i Thana. I t is o p e n and eas y, and is c onne c t e d t o e a s t wa r d
wi t h t h e Loi Koi val l ey. ( Spr at t . ) Re c e nt maps s how t h e s pe l l i ng
Surkay. (LWA)
SURMA See BIHAR-I-ULYA '-P
SUROKOT GAP
33- 69-. A Khar ot i Ghi l zai vi l l age of 80 h o u s e s about 21 miles
s out h o f Gar dez. It lies i n a l a r g e pl ai n on t h e l e f t bank of a
br anch of t h e Ghazni r i ver . Wood, wat er and gr azi ng a r e avai l abl e
and s u p p l i e s coul d b e c ol l e c t e d from vi l l a ge s near by. (I.B.C.)
Recent maps s how Sha hi Kot i n t h i s a r e a a t 33-22 69-12 m. (LWA)
SURWANI KHEL j ' ~
33-46 69-6 m. The pr i nc i pa l vi l l age in t h e Altimur pa s s , t h e o t h e r
and t h e smal l er c ol l e c t i on of haml et s bei ng Niazi. (Bi shop. ) R e -
cent maps show t h e spel l i ng Sarwankhel. (LWA)
SUSKU Or CHASHKU (&&I &-
35-28 71-19 m. A Madugal vi l l age of 70 hous e s i n t h e Ba s hgul val-
l ey, i n Kaf i r i st an, about 5 miles above Kamdesh. The vi l l age is
bui l t h i g h up above, and some d i s t a n c e f r om, t h e l e f t bank of t h e
r i ver and c a nnot b e s e e n from t h e r oad i n t h e val l ey. (I.B.C.,
Robert son. )
SWA RA ( 6~b ) ~J' F
33- 68- . A vi l l a ge i n t h e val l ey of t h e Shi ni z, 22 miles nor t h of
Ghazni. The r e is a good d e a l of cul t i vat i on, and a t t h e e nd o f May
t h e hi l l s ar ound a r e c ove r e d wi t h rnajoram and pr a ngos , whi ch t h e
na t i ve s dr y, mix, and u s e a s f o d d e r f o r t h e i r h o r s e s and c a t t l e ,
s t or i ng l a r g e q u a n t i t i e s of it i n t h e wi nt er . (Bellew. )
SWAT1 U'P
34- 70-. A vi l l age in t h e Laghman d i s t r i c t , s i t ua t e d on t h e l e f t
bank of t h e Alingar r i ve r , about 2 m i l e s w e s t of Char bagh. The
i nha bi t a nt s a r e Nasi r i Ghi l zai s.
haml et s , viz.:
1. Kala-i-Abdul Hamid
2. Banda-i-Kazi
3. Daul at abad
4. Ghundi
5. Kala-i-Malik Rustam
6. Kala-i-Muhamad Yusuf
I n Swa t i a r e i nc l ude d 12 f o r t s and
7. Deh-i-Muhammad Amin
8. Banda-i-Mian Nur
9. ~ala-i-Muhammad Azim Khan
10. Deh-i-Saiyid Ahmad
11. Kala-i-Arab Khan
12. Kal a- i - Sher di l .
(Warburton. )
SWATI G'P
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Sur kha b s ubdi vi s i on of t h e Jalalabad
d i s t r i c t , 1 mi l e s o u t h w e s t o f Ch a r b a g h. I n h a b i t a n t s : Taj i ks .
( Jenkyns . )
*TABAKHSAR rj.?;
33-16 67-19 m. A vi l l a ge near War chaghu and s o u t h e a s t of Lalchak in
Ghazni pr ovi nce.
TABARGHAN KOL
& u L a P
34- 67-. A g l e n i n t h e s o u t h e a s t o f Yakh Walang di s t r i c t . ~t
d r a i n s w e s t al ong t h e n o r t h e r n f o o t of t h e Koh-i-Baba f o r sever al
miles, and t h e n t u r n s n o r t h t o t h e Band-i-Amir val l ey, i n t o whi ch it
d e b o u c h e s near Kala J a f i r . A r oad l e a d s down, o r r oughl y paral l el
t o, t h e g l e n t o Kara Khawal, and t h e n c e t o Kala J a f i r . I t a ppe a r s t o
b e c a l l e d Saozal o r Sabzal i n t h e l o we r p a r t o f its c our s e . (Muham-
mad Akbar Khan, Maitland.)
*TABARKHEL &,b
34-23 68-43 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a bout 6 miles w e s t of Nerkh i n
Maidan pr ovi nce.
TABB I
33- 69-. A p a s s 2 m i l e s west o f Jaj i Thana on t h e road t o t h e
Sh u t u r Gardan f r om whi c h it is d i s t a n t 6 miles. One vi l l age with
t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 34-1 70-55 G., a n o t h e r - a l s o s pe l l e d Tabay
- is l oc a t e d a t 33-59 69-31 m. (LWA)
TABUT G,&
A s e t t l e me n t o f t h e Kara-Kut-Daghi cl an o f Se h p a i Dai Zangi Hazaras.
A vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 33-50 67-20 G. (LWA)
TADEOLI
J# A
34-20 67-42 G. A vi l l a ge on t h e Ghazni- and-i-Amir r oad, about 4
m i l e s f r om t h e l e f t bank of t h e Helmand.
TAG
34-54 70-18 m. A vi l l a ge in Laghman. I nhabi t ant s : Kohi st ani s. (War-
bur t on. )
* TAGAB
35-51 69-39. Tagab is a wol es wal i i n Parwan pr ovi nce.
The woleswa-
11 c ompr i s e s an a r e a o f 485 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s and ha s a popul at i on
t h a t h a s been e s t i ma t e d a t a bout 16, 600. The wol eswal i is bounded
in t h e e a s t and s o u t h e a s t by Alasai and Sar obi , i n t h e w e s t by Kobe
Sa f i , and i n t h e nor t h by Nejrab. Tagab ha s a bout 54 vi l l ages, of
whi ch a bout 7 have more t h a n 500 i nha bi t a nt s . The vi l l ages ar e
l i s t e d i n t h e pG a s f ol l ows :
~ d i z a i , Aka Khel, Almas Khel, Baba Khel, Bahadur Khel, Payenda Khel,
pashagar i , Tapadar wa Mulla Khel , Babar Khwaja, Tat ar Khel, Jalu
Khel, Joybar , Hesa-i-Awal-i-Miya Khel, Wali Khel, Deh Mukhi, Shani
Khel, Sul t ank hel , Lag hmani, Shat ur i , Sha hi Khel, Mosh wani, Sha kot ,
Sh a n k a i , S e d d i q Khe l , Si nzai - i - Ul ya, Sinzai-i-Sufla, Se d d i q Khel
Ulya, O me r Khel , Ghazi Khan Khel, Qor g hol , Ghani Khel, Ghani Khel
Ulya, Qala-i-Saleh, Karam Khel, Kamus h , Naliyan, Korah, Gada Khel,
Ezat Khel, Sof i yan, Gandah Chashma, Daram Daram, Shal ut i , Landa
Khel, Mirah Khel, Nawroz Khel , I sa Khel, Khan Dawrah, Hamzah Khel,
Saqi Khel, Se h Padar, Anar Joy, Br ut i yan, and Jangal .
TAGAO &
34-45 69-40 m. A val l ey l yi ng t o t h e w e s t of t h e Laghman d i s t r i c t ,
and be t we e n Laghman and Nirjrao. The Tagao st r eam r i s e s i n t h e
mount ai ns bor de r i ng on Nur i st an, and j oi ns t h e Kabul r i ve r somew h e r e
t o t h e n o r t h e a s t o f Lat aband. Very little, however , is known of t h e
ge ogr a phy of t h i s r e gi on, whi ch ha s not been vi s i t e d by any Euro-
pean. Tagao is be l i e ve d t o form one o f t h e f o u r s u b d i s t r i c t s o f
Kohi st an, and a t t h e p r e s e n t t i m e (1895) is s ai d t o b e unde r one
Ismail Khan.
The i nha bi t a nt s a r e more a gr i c ul t ur a l t ha n pas t or al , and c ows a r e
t h e i r c h i e f l i ve - s t oc k. Gr as s is c h e a p and pl e nt i f ul . The h o u s e s a r e
f l a t - r oof e d, and t i mber is e a s i l y pr ocur abl e i n most pl a c e s , a s is
f u e l from s h r u b s or b r a n c h e s of trees. Pr ovi s i ons a r e c he a p. Some
s h e e p a r e b o u g h t from t h e Ghi l zai s. Be s i de s pr ovi s i ons , some pome-
gr a na t e s and o t h e r f r u i t s a r e s e n t t o Kabul b e f o r e t h e y come i n
s eas on t h e r e , and t h i s d i s t r i c t is d i s t i n g u i s h e d by maki ng a little
s i l k . The c r o p s a r e i r r i ga t e d wi t h f e w e x c e p t i o n s , and t h e qua nt i t y
of r abi whi ch is s own and gr own is b u t little. Wi t hi n t h e d i s t r i c t
bul l oc ks a r e t h e c h i e f car r i age. The cl i mat e is d i f f e r e n t i n va r i ous
pl aces , but on an a ve r a ge is a t e mpe r a t e one.
Leech s a ys Tagao c ont a i ns 9, 000 f ami l i es of Sa f i s , a l l i n d e p e n d e n t .
Many v e s t i g e s of an a nc i e nt r a c e havi ng i nha bi t e d Tagao have be e n
f ound, a s w e l l a s many c oi ns ; b u t Masson makes no ment i on o f t h e
nat ur e o f t h o s e relics.
The r e ve nue of Tagao is s ai d by Molloy t o amount t o R s . 40,000.
The f ol l owi ng is an e x t r a c t form a r e p o r t on t h e val l ey of Tagao and
Nijrao, dr awn u p in 1880 by Li eut enant - Col onel St e wa r t , of t h e
Guides :
"Thi s is a r e gi on i n t o whi ch no Eur opean t r a ve l l e r ha s p e n e t r a t e d ,
and ve r y little is known of its ge ogr a phy. The maps a r e t h e r e f o r e
ver y i mp e r f e c t and t h e r o u t e s and d i s t a n c e s t o many pl a c e s i n t h e
r emot e val l eys a r e i nc or r e c t .
Whi l st wi t h t h e column unde r Col onel J a nki ns l a s t year i n Laghman, I
was abl e t o f i nd o u t c o r r e c t d i s t a n c e s i n t h a t val l ey a s f a r a s
Ti r gar hi , and from e nqui r y o f men of Faraj g han, I a s c e r t a i ne d t h e
r o u t e t o t h e l a t t e r p l a c e f r om J a l a l a ba d, a nd p o i n t e d o u t i n a
r e p o r t t h a t i t was not a t t h e head of t h e Tagao val l ey, a s ment i oned
on t h e a u t h o r i t y of Major Leech, b u t a t t h e head of t h e Al i shang
r i ver . From e n q u i r i e s made h e r e of i nha bi t a nt s of t h e Nijrao val l ey
I l ear n t h e same f a c t . ( Thi s is c o r r e c t , LWA.)
The Tagao val l ey, f a r from bei ng a l ong val l ey, r unni ng nor t h t o
Far aj ghan, is a compar at i vel y smal l val l ey, meani ng, a s t h e name
i mpl i es , t h e l ower wat er , it bei ng s i t u a t e d bel ow t h e Nijrao and
Alasai val l eys. Tah i n Per si an means ' unde r ' o r ' bel ow' and 'Ab'
wat er. Tahab is e a s i e r pr onounced Tagab o r Tagao, by e i t h e r of
whi ch names it is now c a l l e d.
The val l ey r uns nor t h and s o u t h . The l owe r e nd is i nha bi t e d by
Ghi l zai s and t h e u p p e r por t i on by Saf i s . I t is s ai d t o cont ai n 8, 000
hous e s of Sa f i s , who a r e a l l i nde pe nde nt . The i r c h i e f , Usman Khan,
was ki l l e d i n t h e l a t e r i s i ng o f t h e t r i b e s a g a i n s t t h e Br i t i sh. The
p e o p l e a r e c h i e f l y a gr i c ul t ur a l and t h e val l ey is t ol e r a bl y produc-
t i ve. " ( Raver t y, I r wi n, Masson, Le e c h, St ewar t . )
TAGAO- I 3%
PLaces t h e names of which begi n with t h e word Tagao followed by t he
Pe r s i a n i z a f a t , w i l l b e f ound d e s c r i b e d unde r t h e s e c ond word of
t h e i r de s i gna t i on.
TAGAO LOR
A s e t t l e me n t of t h e Khushamadi cl an of Se h p a i Dai Zangi Hazaras.
JJ >E
TAGAO LUR And AB-I-ULQAN
JJJE
A s t r eam a bout 30 m i l e s i n l e n g t h f l owi ng i n t o t h e Helmand from t h e
n o r t h a f t e r dr a i ni ng Chuks ha r , Warag ha, Us hu, J anz and Tagao ~ u r .
TACHAN "k
34-6 69-44 G. El evat i on 8, 500 f e e t . A vi l l a ge be t we e n t h e crest of
t h e Lakar ai Kot al and Hi sar ak, 5 m i l e s f r om t h e f or mer . The i nhabi t -
a n t s are Mangal s, v a s s a l s t o t h e Ghi l zai s. (Col l et . )
TAGHAR I &
34- 68-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Sar-i -Chashma val l ey, a bout 10 miles
e a s t o f t h e Unai p a s s and close t o a n o t h e r vi l l a ge cal l ed Takhana.
The t wo t o g e t h e r c ont a i n s ome 140 f a mi l i e s o f Ta j i ks p o s s e s s i n g ( i n
1904) a bout 140 head of c a t t l e and 150 s h e e p and goa t s . The annual
pr oduc t i on o f whe a t and bar l ey a v e r a g e s a bout 1, 450 I ndi an maund s.
About 1 1/2 miles bel ow t h e vi l l a ge o f Tag ha r i t h e main Kabul-
Hazarajat-Daulat Yar r oad c r o s s e s t h e s t r eam by a wooden br i dge of
20 f o o t s p a n and 1 2 f o o t road-way, t h e a c t ua l s t r eam bei ng, i n Jul y,
a bout 1 5 f e e t br oad and 2 f e e t d e e p . (Wanl i ss. )
TAGHI BEG &&
34-30 68-13 m. A vi l l a ge near Chal ak on t h e Helmand r i ve r in Maidan
pr ovi nce.
TAGHMA
4&
35-11 69-13 m. A vi l l a ge o f 200 h o u s e s i n t h e Sal ang dar a, about 6
1/2 miles above Parwan. (I.B.C.)
*TAHANA
&4;
33-23 68-42 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d w e s t of Tapor i n t h e Tapor Dasht ,
s out he a s t o f G hazni .
TAHBUT I
34- 67-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Bamian val l ey, cont ai ni ng 40 hous e s of
Taj i ks. ( Ma i t l a nd .)
TAHIR
3 - 70-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Kama di vi s i on o f t h e Jalalabad di s t r i c t ,
near l y o p p o s i t e Gi r di Kats. The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Dehgans. (Jenkyns.1
TAIBAR See UTPUR
'TAXBUM f+
33-55 68-12 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e Shi mi l t u st r eam about 2
miles s o u t h of Shi ni a i n n o r t h e r n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
TAIDU KUL
A t a n g i i n t he Ghorband va l l ey- - see "Ghorband ."
*TAI RASHAK a,$
34-31 66-56 m. A vi l l a ge near Rashak and s o u t h we s t of Shat u i n Ba-
mian pr ovi nce.
TAI TAMUR
# L-
34-20 68-53. A vi l l a ge on bot h ba nks o f t h e Kabul r i ve r , 5 miles
s o u t h we s t o f Lal andar , gi vi ng its name t o t h e most n o r t h e r n p a s s
l e a di ng from t h e Logar val l ey i n t o Maidan. The pa t h is onl y s ui t a bl e
f o r f o o t t r a f f i c . (Kennedy.)
*TAJ
cb
35-17 69-7 m. A vi l l a ge near Kalari, a f e w m i l e s e a s t - s o u t h e a s t o f
t h e Salang Tunnel i n Parwan pr ovi nce.
TAJDIN See ZARSANG J cb
TAJIK
&L
The Taj i ks, or , a s t h e y a r e somet i mes c a l l e d, t h e Par si wans, c ons t i -
t u t e a numer ous and wi del y s p r e a d por t i on of t h e i nha bi t a nt s o f
Af ghani s t an, from w hom t h e y d i f f e r i n l anguage, i nt e r na l gover nment ,
manner s and cus t oms . The de s i gna t i on Par si wan, however , is more
par t i cul ar l y a p p l i e d t o Per si an- spea ki ng p e o p l e o f I r ani an or i gi n
who i nha bi t t h e Kandahar and Her at pr ovi nces . In t h e l a t t e r pr ovi nc e
bot h Par si wans and Taj i ks a r e f u r t h e r s p o k e n o f a s "Herat i s. " A s
r e g a r d s t o so- cal l ed Taj i ks, " t h e y are, " s a ys Bel l e w , " t h e r e p r e s e n -
t a t i v e s of t h e a nc i e nt Per s i an i nha bi t a nt s o f t h e c ount r y, a s t h e
Af ghans a r e of its a nc i e nt I ndi an i nha bi t a nt s . I t would a p p e a r t h a t ,
a s t h e Af ghan ( wh o s e t r u e home and s e a t a r e in t h e nei g hbour hood of
Kandahar) mi xed and i nt er mar r i ed wi t h t h e I ndi an pe opl e whom t h e y
c onque r e d, and ga ve t h e i r name t o t h e mi xed r ace, s o t h e Arabs, who
di d t h e same with t h e Persian peopl e whom t he y conquer ed, l e f t t he i r
name a s t h e nat i onal de s i gna t i on of t h e i r mi xed p o s t e r i t y , t h a t is
t h e name by whi ch t h e y were cal l ed by t h e Per si ans. The term Taj i k,
it is s a i d, is de r i ve d from t h e a nc i e nt Per si an name f o r t h e Arab,
t h e a nc i e nt Per si an writers d i s t i n g u i s h i n g t h e i r h e r e d i t a r y enemi es
on t h e nor t h and s o u t h r e s p e c t i v e l y by t h e terms Tur k and Taz or
Taj. And h e n c e it is t h a t t h e term Taz a p p l i e d t o t h e Arab i n
Per si a; and e ve r yt hi ng c onne c t e d wi t h him, or pr oc e e di ng from him,
was cal l ed by t h e Pe r s i a ns Tazi o r Taj i k, whi ch a r e t h e same a s Taji
o r Tajik. "
By some, however , t h e term is s ai d t o s i g n i f y "Persi an, " and t h e r e
i s al s o r e a s on t o be l i e ve t h a t t h e Taochi of t h e Chi ne s e is t h e same
word a s t h e moder n Taj i k. If s o, and t h i s l a t t e r a p p e a r s t o b e t h e
c o r r e c t ver s i on, t h e f or mer e xpl a na t i on must b e r e j e c t e d , and Tajik
hel d t o be mer el y t h e a nc i e nt name f o r t h e Per si an peas ant . The word
i n f a c t , bei ng a Per si an one, is r e s t r i c t e d t o t h e t e r r i t o r i e s whi ch
f or mer l y owned t h e Per s i an s ove r e i gnt y. Hence its a bs e nc e from
I ndi a, and its p r e s e n c e i n Tur ki s t an.
AS s t a t e d a t t h e begi nni ng of t h i s a r t i c l e , t h e name i s a ppl i e d now-
a-days i n a ve r y l o o s e way, and is o f t e n made t o i nc l ude all t h e
Per si an- speaki ng pe opl e o f t h e c ount r y who a r e n o t e i t h e r Hazara,
Af g han, o r Sai yi d.
The Taj i ks of Badakhs han a r e di vi de d i nt o d i s t i n c t communi t i es, who
f o r l ong c e n t u r i e s mai nt ai ned t h e i r i nde pe nde nc e , t h o u g h t h e y a r e
now s u b j e c t s of Af ghani s t an. They a r e , a s a r ul e, p r o f e s s e d l y
Mussalmans o f e i t h e r t h e Sunni o r Shi ah sect, claim t o b e de s c e n-
d a n t s of Al exander t h e Gr eat and h i s Gr eek s o l d i e r s , d i f f e r i n
appear ance, a s w e l l as in some o f t h e i r manner s and c us t oms , from
t h e Taj i ks of t h e pl ai n c ount r y, and s p e a k d i f f e r e n t d i a l e c t s of
Per si an. They a r e known a s t h e Badakhs hi , t h e Wakhi, t h e Shi gni ,
etc., and i n t h i s r e s p e c t d i f f e r f r om t h e Taj i k o f t h e pl ai ns, who
h a s no s u c h
s ubdi vi s i ona l d i s t i n c t i o n b u t is s i mpl y a Taj i k, whet her
o f Her at , Kabul, o r e l s e wh e r e .
A s a r a c e t h e Ta j i ks of t h e pl a i ns a r e a hands ome pe opl e , of t al l
s t a t u r e , and r o b u s t f r ames. They a r e o f a peaceabl e di s pos i t i on,
i n d u s t r i o u s , and f r u g a l i n t h e i r ha bi t s , and f ond o f s oc i a l gat her -
i n g s and amusement s. The y oc c upy a s ubor di na t e a nd, t o some e xt e nt ,
s e r v i l e pos i t i on among t h e i nha bi t a nt s o f t h e c ount r y, and have no
voi c e i n its Gover nment o r pol i t i c s . In t h e r u r a l d i s t r i c t s t h e y ar e
e n t i r e l y d e v o t e d t o a g r i c u l t u r e and ga r de ni ng, e i t h e r s e t t l e d i n
vi l l a ge communi t i es o f t h e i r own, o r s c a t t e r e d a bout a s farm serv-
a nt s . In t h e t o wn s t h e y f u r n i s h t h e s e v e r a l i n d u s t r i a l and mechani-
cal t r a d e s wi t h t h e i r ha ndi c r a f t s me n. They p o s s e s s nat ur al l y many
e s t i ma bl e q u a l i t i e s b u t be i ng a s u b j e c t and dow n- t r od d e n peopl e,
t h e y a r e s u s p i c i o u s o f t h e i r r u l e r s , and meet f o r c e wi t h decept i on.
Bel l ew e s t i ma t e s t h e number s o f Taj i ks i n Af gha ni s t a n a t 500,000
s oul s . El phi ns t one , howe ve r , e s t i ma t e s t hem a t 1, 500, 000 soul s. The
l a t t e r is pr obabl y t h e mor e c o r r e c t f i g u r e . Owing t o t h e i ndi scri mi -
na t e u s e made o f t h e wor d Taj i k it would b e u s e l e s s t o a t t e mpt t o
g i v e any f u r t h e r s t a t i s t i c s , and it w i l l b e s u f f i c i e n t t o add t ha t
Ta j i ks a r e most numer ous a bout t h e t owns , f or mi ng t h e pr i nc i pa l par t
o f t h e popul a t i on ar ound Kabul, Kandahar, and Her at ; whi l e t h e
i nha bi t a nt s of Ba da khs ha n p r o p e r and t h e Uppe r Oxus pr ovi nc e s ar e
so- cal l ed Taj i ks , a s a r e t h o s e o f mos t o f t h e d i s t r i c t s on t h e nor t h
o f t h e Hi ndu Kush, s u c h a s Khos t Andarab, Khi nj an, etc. (Bellew,
I.B.C.)
*TAJI KAN 3 &Lb
35-8 69-14 m. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Sal ang val l ey, s ome 10 miles nor t h-
e a s t of Cha r i ka r i n Parwan pr ovi nce. Ot he r pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name
a r e near Matan, s ome 24 m i l e s n o r t h e a s t o f Tagab i n Kapisa pr ovi nce,
a t 35-3 69-40 m., and n o r t h of Zi r at on a t r i but a r y o f t h e Helmand
i n Bamian pr ovi nc e , a t 34-29 67-51 m. (LWA)
TAJIKIA GUNKAR s&&k
A vi l l a ge i n Laghman. I nha bi t a nt s : Taj i ks. I t c ont a i ns one f or t ,
viz. , Kala-i-Mansur Khan. (Warburton. )
TAJ I KOH
34-23 67-40 m. A smal l haml et on t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e elm and,
c ont a i ni ng 5 h o u s e s of Besud Hazaras.
TAJ-I-SARETI See BAJGAH
TAJKHAN KALA
d" L cL.
34-30 69-18. A r ui ne d f o r t i n t h e Kabul d i s t r i c t , be t we e n But khak
and Bagrami. No one lies i n t h e pl ace, b u t i n s p r i n g Kuchi s pi t ch
t h e i r t e n t s by it. T h e l a n d b e l o n g s t o s ome Ta j i k s o f Shi na.
(I.B.C.)
TAJ MUHAMMAD KHAN
"LJ+
34-33 69-13. A vi l l a ge in t h e t o wn s h i p of Yakat ut , Kabul d i s t r i c t ,
s i t u a t e d 1 1/2 m i l e s e a s t of Bemaru. The pl a c e is s qua r e , with
ba s t i ons , and t h e i nha bi t a nt s a r e Durani s. (Kennedy. )
TAKAGHAL
&&
A v i l l a g e i n t h e Dai Zangi d i s t r i c t of La l .
TAKAGHAL
&S;
34-30 66-16. A g l e n r unni ng s o u t h t o t h e La1 val l ey, whi ch i t j oi ns
near Sakawa.
*TAKALGHU r6;
33-12 67-13 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d n o r t h o f t h e Koh-i-Nala and s o u t h -
west o f Aimaitu i n Ghazni pr ovi nce. (LWA)
TAKANA
A main s e c t i o n of t h e Dai Zangi s,
TAKANA
A Taj i k v i l l a g e i n Maidan (Mol l oy) .
*TAKATU
34-32 68-17 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d on a p a t h l e a d i n g from Si asang t o
t h e Helmand r i v e r a t Sar-i-Olum i n Maidan pr ovi nce.
TAKAWEZ
&&
35- 69-. The name a p p l i e d t o t h a t p a r t o f t h e Pa nj s hi r g l e n l yi ng
be t we e n t h e mout h o f t h e Rewat and t h e mout h o f t h e e a s t e r n Til.
( Shahzada Taimus.)
TAKHCHI (&=)&b
A s e c t i o n o f Chahar Dast a Hazaras. A v i l l a g e wi t h t h i s name is
l oc a t e d a t 35-14 66-29 m. (LWA)
r;i;
TAKHT
34-5 66-37. A d i s t r i c t i n Dai Zangi c ount r y, a bout whi ch v e r y little
is known.
L;i;
TAKHT
34- 68-. El evat i on 7, 600 f e e t . A p a s s on t h e Kabul and Ghazni r oa d,
1 8 m i l e s s o u t h we s t of t h e f or mer . During t h e Br i t i s h oc c upa t i on o f
Kabul i n 1880, t h i s p a s s was f r e q u e n t l y c l o s e d by b a n d s o f marau-
d e r s , who f r om t i m e t o t i m e were t h u s a bl e t o s t o p s u p p l i e s f r om
coming i n t o Kabul from t h e s o u t h we s t . (I.B.C.) A v i l l a g e wi t h t h i s
name is l o c a t e d a t 34-6 68-17 m. (LWA)
TAKHTA r;L'
34- 66-. A g l e n d e b o u c h i n g i n t o t h e s o u t h s i d e of t h e Sar-i -Jangal
val l ey, a little above Kohna Deh.
cl;;;
*TAKHTAK
33-46 68-55 m. A vi l l a ge l o c a t e d on t h e Pengram s t r e a m, a b o u t 5
miles n o r t h e a s t o f Nawa-i-Kharwar i n Logar pr ovi nce. (LWA)
TAKHT-I-SHAH
34- 69-. El evat i on 7, 530 f e e t . A mount ai n t o t h e s o u t h o f Kabul,
with which t h e Sher Darwaza h e i g h t s are connect ed by a narrow r i dge,
near l y p r e c i p i t o u s on t h e we s t e r n s i d e . Th i s is t h e mos t commandi ng
poi nt i n t h e i mmedi at e vi c i ni t y o f Kabul. It was s e i z e d by t h e
Af gha ns on t h e 1 1 t h December 1879, and c a p t u r e d by t h e Br i t i s h on
t h e 1 3 t h a f t e r an u n s u c c e s s f u l a t t e mp t on t h e p r e v i o u s day.
The summit is s u p p o s e d t o have been t h e site o f an a n c i e n t k i n g ' s
pal ace, h e n c e its name. (I.B.C.)
Jjcjj;
TAKHT-I-TURKMAN
34- 68-. El evat i on 15, 300 f e e t . A peak i n t h e Paghman r a nge , a bout
d u e west o f Kabul. Near t h i s p o i n t t h e Helmand and Kabul r i v e r s t a k e
t h e i r r i s e . ( Hol di ch. )
TAKI AH d;
33-55 68-41 m. Th e name gi ve n t o t h e por t i on of t h e val l ey of t he
Shi ni z a r ound Hai dar Khel , 34 miles n o r t h o f Ghazni .
(Campbell.)
TAKRI 6s
33- 68-. A r i d g e i n t h e Ghi l zai c ount r y, a por t i on o f t h e s pur of
t h e S h e r Dahan r a n g e whi c h d i v i d e s Sh i l g h a r f r om Zurmat. ~t is
d e s c r i b e d a s a r o c k y r i d g e , a bout 1, 000 f e e t a bove t h e plain, 18
miles l o n g , s t e e p i n t h e c e n t r e , and e a s i l y p a s s e d a t e i t h e r end.
(Broad f o o t .)
TALA dk
A s e t t l e me n t of t h e Kara-Kul-Dag h i cl an o f Se h p a i Dai Zangi Hazaras.
TALA BEGUM &P ~k
33-36 68-3 A. A vi l l a ge on t h e Sar-i-Ab, pr obabl y t h e h i g h e s t place
on t h e s t r e a m whi c h is i nha bi t e d by J a gha t u Hazaras.
TALAB-I -AB ?k T Y\;
35-24 69-9. A name s a i d t o be l oc a l l y a p p l i e d t o t h e Hi ndu Kush in
t h e nei ghbourhood of t h e Parandev pass. (See Parandev.)
*TALABKHEL &&
33-8 69-22 m. A vi l l a ge l o c a t e d near t h e s o u r c e of t h e Tangay
s t r eam, s o u t h e a s t o f Zi r uk, i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
TALA DEH
A v i l l a g e of 10 hous es i n t h e Besud count r y.
TALAKUL
& dk
34- 66-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Dai Zangi c ount r y, on t h e Kabul-Hazarajat
main r oad.
TALATU &
34-34 66-28 rn. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Dai Zangi d i s t r i c t o f Lal, s i t uat ed
i n t h e Kirman val l ey.
TALATU #&
34-33 66-28 G. El evat i on 10, 830 f e e t . A p a s s l e a di ng a c r os s t h e
wa t e r s h e d b e t ween t h e Lal and Sar-i -Jangal val l eys.
TAL I A
33- 68-. A vi l l a ge 9 miles nor t h o f Ghazni .
TALKHA GUZAR
) A d
33-37 68-27. A pl ai n i n t h e Ghazni d i s t r i c t , 2 miles nor t h of ROZat
t o wa r d s t h e S h e r Dahan pa s s . I t is not e d as be i ng an asylum f or
out l a ws and bad c h a r a c e r s o f all s o r t s . f t is s ai d t o be 6 miles
br oad. (I.B.c.)
&
TALKHAK
35-10 68-56 m. A r a vi ne dr a i ni ng s o u t h e a s t i n t o t h e Nimakao gl en-
( See " Zalikan.")
TALKHAK
a
34-26 67-40 m. A pl a c e i n t h e Bes ud count r y.
TALKHAK
cl;L;
33- 68-. A pl ace some 20 miles nor t hwes t of Chahardeh on t h e Kand*
har-G ha z ni r oad.
&
TALKHAK
34-18 66-15 m. A val l ey d e s c e n d i n g i n a ge ne r a l s o u t h we s t e r l y di r e c -
t i on from near t h e Akzar at Kotal, and r unni ng r oughl y par al l el t o
t h e sout h s i de of t h e Band-i-Duak h wan.
*TALKHAN
" La
33-46 69-20 m. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Mechal qhu a r e a some 15 miles nor t h-
e a s t o f Gar dez i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce. (LWA)
*TALKHANA
6L. L
35-17 69-32 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d s o u t h e a s t o f t h e Panj s hi r r i ve r ,
and s o u t h we s t of Ast ana i n Kapi sa pr ovi nce. (LWA)
TALPECH See TALKHAK (VALLEY)
34-18 66-12 m.
TAMAKI &
A s e c t i o n of t h e Chahar Dasta Hazaras. A vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is
l oc a t e d a t 33-12 67-40 G. (LWA)
TAMAZAN
A pl a c e i n t h e Dai Kundi count r y.
*TAMBEKA &&
33-25 69-35 m. A vi l l a ge in t h e J a n i k h e l ar ea, n o r t h we s t o f Matun,
i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce. (LWA)
*TAMQOL & tL
33-6 67-38 m. A vi l l a ge nor t h o f t h e Koh-i-Tamqol and s o u t h we s t o f
Luman i n Ghazni pr ovi nce. (LWA)
*TANA
(G )&L-
33-51 69-45 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d n o r t h we s t of Chamkanni and s o u t h -
e a s t of A l i Khel i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce. (LWA)
TANACHOB %~ei*-dk
33-18 67-8 G. A pl a c e i n t h e Maska s u b d i s t r i c t of t h e J a g h u r i Hazara
count r y.
*TANDA
33-43 69-54 m. A vi l l a ge on a t r i but a r y o f t h e Zambar Toy i n Pakt i a
pr ovi nce. Nearby is a n o t h e r vi l l age a t 33-43 69-55 m. (LWA)
TANDAN "1 &
33-44 69-9 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e s o u t h e r n s i d e o f t h e Altimur p a s s , 16
miles from t h e vi l l a ge of Altimur. The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Amazai Ghi l -
zai s. The r e is a s ar ai h e r e and room f o r a br i ga de t o encamp wi t h
ample water from s p r i n g s .
*TANGAY See TANGI LF.
TANGI &
32-58 67-45 m. Deh Tangi Bala and Deh Tanqi Pain a r e t wo vi l l a ge s
about 7 and 10 miles, r e s p e c t i v e l y , s o u t h of t h e Chahar dar pa s s , on
t h e road from Kabul t o Haibak. They cont ai n some 60 f ami l i es be t we e n
t hem. Water and f u e l a r e p l e n t i f u l a t Deh Tangi Bala, and t h e r e is
room f o r a bat t al i on t o encamp h e r e t h o u g h t h e gr ound is narrow and
cr amped. Ot her pl a c e s wi t h t h i s name a r e l oc a t e d a t 33-42 70-2 m.,
34-30 70-41 m., 34-49 68-40 m., 34-5 70-27 G., 34-10 70-15 G., 33-13
69-25 G., 34-57 69-52 G.; an a r e a a t 33-12 69-26 m., and a stream a t
33-13 69-33 m. (LWA)
TANG1 GHARU ,,L &
34-34 69-30 A. The name o f a g o r g e on t h e Kabul r i ve r t h r o u g h which
r u n s a r o u t e a l t e r n a t i v e t o t h e mai n J al al abad- Kabul r o a d , t h u s
a voi di ng t h e Lat aband pa s s , t h e summi t o f whi c h r e a c h e s a he i ght of
7, 950 f e e t , and is c ove r e d wi t h d e e p snow i n wi nt er .
Th e g o r g e e x t e n d s from a p o i n t a bout 5 miles bel ow Pul-i-Charkhi t o
j u s t above t h e vi l l a ge o f Gogamand, or f o r a b o u t 9 1/2 miles in all,
t h o u g h t h e r e is a s h o r t br eak a bout 2 m i l e s f r om t h e l owe r end.
The Kabul r i v e r is c r o s s e d by t h r e e wel l - bui l t b r i d g e s a t about 2, 6
1/2 and 8 1/2 m i l e s , r e s p e c t i v e l y , from t h e we s t e r n, or upper ,
e n t r a n c e t o t h e gor ge . Th e f i r s t o f t h e s e b r i d g e s is made of wood
and t h e o t h e r t wo of br i c k.
A s mentioned above, t h e gor ge ope ns out s l i ght l y bet ween t h e second
and t h i r d b r i d g e s b u t e l s e wh e r e its wi dt h is nowhe r e more t han 100
a nd, i n pl a c e s , n o t more t h a n 20 y a r d s , t h e c l i f f s on e i t h e r s i de
t owe r i ng up, a t times a l mos t pe r pe ndi c ul a r l y, t o a h e i g h t of some
5, 000 f e e t a bove t h e r i ve r . The f a l l o f t h e r i v e r i n t h e g o r g e is
ge ne r a l l y ve r y s t e e p a nd, i n o n e s t r e t c h o f little over a mi l e , is
n o t less t h a n 1, 000 f e e t . Thi s is j u s t a bove t h e s e c ond br i dge , and
it is i n t h i s s t r e t c h t h a t t h e "Mahipar," o r "Fish-Leap, " wat er f al l
o c c u r s , wh e r e t h e r i v e r p l u n g e s bodi l y ove r a h e i g h t of about 90
f e e t .
Th e r oad all t h r o u g h t h e g o r g e h a s be e n c o n s t r u c t e d f o r wheel ed
t r a f f i c , b u t it is i n bad r e p a i r i n pa r t s . Af gha n ka f i l a s , however,
i nvar i abl y make u s e o f t h i s r o u t e i n wi nt e r i n p r e f e r e n c e t o t ha t
ove r t h e Lat aband Pass. A b a t t e r y o f a r t i l l e r y, t wo s qua dr ons of
c a va l r y and a ba t t a l i on of i n f a n t r y a r e r e p o r t e d t o have marched
f r om Jal al abad t o Kabul by t h i s r o u t e i n Apr i l 1906. (I.B.C.) Ther e
is now an e x c e l l e n t r oad whi c h h a s c ompl e t e l y r e pl a c e d t h e Lataband
r out e . (LWA)
TANGI KHARUM
34-34 69-30. A gor ge t hr ough which t h e Kabul ri ver f l ows between t he
e nd of Si ah Koh and t h e Tagao hi l l s . ( Evi dent l y i de nt i c a l wi t h t h e
p r e c e d i n g place. ) (Masson.)
TANG1 -LEH GI &
34-27 68-33 G. A vi l l a ge o f 50 h o u s e s on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Kabul
r i v e r , 11 3/4 m i l e s e a s t o f t h e Unai p a s s . T h e i n h a b i t a n t s a r e
Ta j i ks p o s s e s s i n g (i n 1904) a bout 60 head of c a t t l e and 80 s h e e p
and goa t s . The annual pr oduc t i on of whe a t and bar l ey a ve r a ge s about
720 I ndi an maund s.
Th e Kabul r i ve r h e r e r u n s i n a nar r ow g o r g e a bout 60 y a r d s
wi de and
is s pa nne d by a wooden b r i d g e o f 20 f o o t s p a n and 12 f o o t road way
ove r whi c h r u n s t h e main Kabul-Herat r oad. A f e w hundr e d yar ds
above t h e vi l l a ge t h e Tang-i-Lech s t r eam f a l l s i n t o t h e Kabul r i ver ;
t h e r oad c r o s s e s t h i s s t r eam j u s t a bove t h e j unct i on by a wooden
b r i d g e o f 1 0 f o o t s p a n and 8 f o o t r oadway; t h i s b r i d g e would car r y
f i e l d a r t i l l e r y . (Wanliss. )
TAW1 SAR- I -CHASHMA
34- 69-. A nar r ow and p r e c i p i t o u s d e f i l e j oi ni ng t h e
Abkhor de f i l e
( s o u t h e a s t of Zargan Sha ha r i n Logar ) from t h e nor t he a s t . A stream
o f e x c e l l e n t wat er r u n s t h r o u g h t h e d e f i l e , u p whi ch a t r a c k is said
t o l e a d t o Chakar i , whi c h is ve r y d i f f i c u l t f o r hor semen.
In t h e Tangi Sar-i-Chashma a r e s i t u a t e d t h e vi l l a ge s o f Ag haj an and
~ a r i k i . ( Ga s e l e e . )
*TANG-I-SAYYIDAN
dl + &
34-25 69-6 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e Maidan r i v e r i n t h e Char asi ab ar ea,
Kabul pr ovi nce. (LWA)
TANGI-I-SHAKHTAKA See UJARISTAN &+JL
TANG1 TURK1 & &-
34- 69-. A p a s s e a s t o f Khurd Kabul on t h e s o u t h r o u t e ove r t h e
Karkacha r a nge be t we e n Kabul and Jal al abad, 1 8 m i l e s s o u t h e a s t o f
Kabul. ( Eyr e, Thor nt on. )
TANGI WAGHJAN See WAGHJAN
TANGI WARDAK
Jd,, &
34- 68-. A d e f i l e l e a di ng from t h e Wardak c ount r y i n t o t h e Logar
val l ey, its n o r t h e r n mout h bei ng near Shai khabad, and it s o u t h e r n
near A m i r Kala. (Kennedy. )
TANI $
33-15 69-49 A. Tani is a wol eswal i i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce. The wol es-
w a l i c ompr i s e s an a r e a o f 439 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s and h a s an a gr i c ul -
t ur a l popul at i on t h a t ha s be e n e s t i ma t e d a t from 35, 210 t o 51, 060.
The wol eswal i is bounded i n t h e west by Spe r a h and Nadar Kot, i n t h e
nor t h by Mandozai, i n t h e e a s t by Gur buz, and i n t h e s o u t h by t h e
St a t e o f Paki st an. Tani h a s a bout 49 vi l l a ge s , 27 of whi ch have
more t h a n 500 i nha bi t a nt s . The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d in t h e PG a s
f ol l ows: Daragai, Landai, Utman (Lotman), Kot akai Utman, ( Kot akai
Latman), Sangar i , Narizai, Alam Khel, Sur Kot, Faqi r an, Landi , War-
zala, ( I s t a r Kalai), Char i Pakhi , Tsapr ah A w Mana, A t Khel, Tandai
Kalai, Ti rah Ti ga, Wolizai; Warghal, Rashunah, Mirzagai, ( Mi r zogai ) ,
Tar Khel (Tor Khel ), Matak, Khes r ai Kalai, Damburai Kalai, St e r g a i
Lota, Manza, Neshpa, Dabar (Babur), Kochan (Kochman), Khandakai
Senar ak, Hesar ak, Laghol i Pi ran, Gokha, Dakhi , Lalmi Kot kai , Landai
Kotkai, Kot kai Tur Khel, Kot kai Dargai , Der Malika, Lezhay Kot kai ,
Kot kai Pi ran Lalmi, Utmanzai, Gandi Kalai, I s a Khel, Sr ah, Shabi
Khel, Zendah Khel, Khasi r ai , Shi nkai , and Kot gai Lali Darah.
TAN1
A s e c t i o n of t h e Khost wal s.
The f ol l owi ng a c c ount of t h e Tani s and t h e i r c ount r y is t a k e n from
i nf or mat i on, c ol l e c t e d i n 1892 from na t i ve s o u r c e s , by Mr. Ander son,
a t t h a t t i m e Pol i t i cal Of f i c e r i n t h e Tochi val l ey.
"The Tani c ount r y is s i t u a t e d i n t h e s o u t h we s t e r n c o r n e r of t h e
Khost val l ey. It is bounded on t h e nor t h by t h e I smai l t a ppa o f
Khost , whi l e on t h e s o u t h lie Uppe r Dawar and t h e hi l l t r a c t s occu-
pi e d by t h e Gurbaz and Sai dgai s . I t is s ai d t o b e 8 km. in l e n g t h
and 6 km. i n br e a dt h; it is pa r t l y hi l l - count r y and pa r t l y pl ai n,
t h e f or mer l yi ng t o t h e s o u t h and t h e l a t t e r t o t h e nor t h.
The Tani s and ~ a w a r i s a r e r e p u t e d t o b e of o n e l i ne of d e s c e n t , Tani
and Dawar havi ng been b r o t h e r s . The Tani s e a t t h e same f ood and
wear near l y t h e same d r e s s a s t h e Dawaris b u t t h e y a r e more ha r dy
and war l i ke t ha n t h e l a t t e r . They a r e di vi de d i n t o t h r e e main
s e c t i ons , t h e Si naki , Mari K he1 and Arevzai.
The c h i e f vi l l age of t h e Tani s is Dar aggi , or Dar geh, whi ch b e l o n g s
t o al l t h r e e s e c t i o n s ; it is s ai d t o cont ai n 500 h o u s e s and t o b e
abl e t o t ur n o u t 1, 000 armed men. It is s i t ua t e d i n t h e pl ai ns. The
hi l l y por t i on of t h e Tani c ount r y c o n s i s t s o f a semi - ci r cul ar r a n g e
o f hi l l s , c a l l e d Che hl a o r Mana, and is s a i d t o b e d i f f i c u l t of
a c c e s s ; it c ont a i ns f o u r main vi l l a ge s , vi s: Gokha, t o t h e west near
t h e Zadran bor de r ; Hi sar ak and Tar akhi , t o t h e s o u t h o f Gokha; and
Utman in t h e e a s t e r n por t i on o f t h e hi l l - count r y. Be s i de s t he s e
t h e r e are many s m a l l ha ml e t s s c a t t e r e d t h r o u g h t h e hi l l s . The chi ef
p r o d u c t s o f t h e pl ai n a r e chenna, whe a t and kankani , whi l e t obacco
and whe a t are gr own i n t h e hi l l s . Tobacco is s a i d t o be l ar gel y
e x p o r t e d f r om t h e Tani c ount r y t o Bannu. Th e Tani s a r e comput ed t o
number 10, 000 s oul s ; t h e y bel ong t o t h e Spi n, o r whi t e , f act i on in
p o l i t i c s and a r e b i t t e r l y o p p o s e d t o t h e I smai l Khel Khost wal s, who
are of t h e Tor f act i on. The y pay, nominally, R s . 1, 000 i n annual
r e ve nue t o t h e Gover nor o f Khos t , of whi c h sum R s . 200 is r epai d in
a l l owa nc e s t o t h e i r own Maliks. The y al ways resist t h e a t t e mpt of
t h e A mi r ' s o f f i c i a l s t o c o l l e c t t h i s r e ve nue i n c a s h , pr e f e r r i ng t o
make u p t h e amount d u e i n h o r s e s h o e s , wool en b e l t s , bul l oc ks , mats,
etc." A vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is l o c a t e d a t 33-14 69-49 m. ( LWA)
TANUR ~.6
34-29 68-10 m. A s t r eam f l owi ng i n t o t h e Helmand from t h e s out h in
t h e Besud c ount r y. A pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 33-50 67-14
G. (LWA)
*TANURAK
d+
34-53 68-56 m. A vi l l a ge on a t r i b u t a r y o f t h e Ghor band about 8
m i l e s s o u t h e a s t o f Si a ge r d i n Parwan pr ovi nce. (LWA)
TANU RAM ~JF
34- 68-. A vi l l a ge on t h e l e f t bank o f t h e Helmand; it lies cl os e
t o t h e j unc t i on wi t h t h e l a t t e r o f t h e Tanuram t agao, about 1 1/3
miles a bove Far akhul am s er ai . Thi s may be t h e Tanur above. (LWA)
TAORI Or TURI
&
35-8 68-26 G. A da r a j oi ni ng t h e Ghor band val l ey on t h e l e f t , 11 1/ 2
miles a bove Cha ha r de h. The r e is a l s o a p a s s wi t h t h i s same name.
( LWA1
TA RA I d
A vi l l a ge in t h e Dai Zangi c ount r y. A vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is
l oc a t e d a t 33-3 68-2 m. (LWA)
TARAKAI
J 4 2
34- 69-. A l o f t y s p u r l yi ng be t we e n t h e Marki Khel and Mama Khel
( Ni anr ud) va l l e ys r unni ng n o r t h wa r d s from t h e Sa f e d Koh i nt o t h e
Khugi ani c ount r y. The s l o p e s a r e v e r y s t e e p t o wa r d s t h e nor t h in
t h e d i r e c t i o n o f t h e Gandamak pl ai n, and rise t o a h e i g h t of about
8, 300 f e e t ; but a f t e r r e a c hi ng t h i s e l e va t i on, t h e whol e char act er
of t h e s p u r becomes c ha nge d. The t o p is of compar at i vel y l evel
f or mat i on, c o n s i s t i n g of r ounde d knol l s , g e n t l y s l opi ng and gradu-
a l l y i nc r e a s i ng i n h e i g h t , unt i l t h e y ul t i mat el y j oi n t h e r ugge d and
snowy s l ope s of t h e Saf ed Koh pr oper , beyond t h e zone of vegetation.
( St ewar t . )
TARAKAO
6 -
/ I
34- 69-.
A d e f i l e l e a di ng from Tezi n t o Khurd ~ i b u l on t h e s out h-
e r n r oad f r om Gandamak t o Kabul. (I.B.C.)
TARA KHEL 4 4 2
34-36 69-15. A c ol l e c t i on of haml et s i n t h e Kabul d i s t r i c t , l yi ng - - - - ~
t o t h e e a s t of t h e Paiminar p a s s and s o u t h o f ~e h- i - Ya hi ya , c l os e t o
t h e l a t t e r . A l o w r i d g e f r om t h e Pai mi nar h i l l r u n s e a s t wa r d
t h r o u g h t h e pl ace, p a r t o f whi c h lies on t h e n o r t h , or ~eh- i - Yahi ya
s i d e , t h e pr i nc i pa l por t i on, however , bei ng on t h e s o u t h s i d e .
The r e a r e 300 h o u s e s , i nha bi t a nt s all Af gha ns , and t h e r e is a g r e a t
de a l of cul t i vat i on. On t h e nor t h s i d e t h e r e is a wal l ed pl a c e
cal l ed t h e Kala-i-Pul-i-Sang. (Kennedy.) Anot her pl a c e wi t h t h i s
name is on t h e Al i ngar , a f e w miles n o r t h of its j unct i on wi t h t h e
Al i shang i n Laghman pr ovi nc e , a t 34-39 70-15 m. (LWA)
TARAKI J d i
32-30 67-45. A t a ppa , o r di vi s i on o f t h e Ghazni d i s t r i c t . It is
bounded on t h e nor t h by Jamrud; on t h e s o u t h by t h e c ount r y o f t h e
Tokhi Ghi l zai s i n t h e Kalat-i-Ghilzai c ount r y; on t h e e a s t by t h e
Katawaz d i s t r i c t (Sulaiman Khel Ghi l zai s) ; on t h e w e s t by t h e coun-
t r y of t h e J a g h u r i Hazaras. The pr i nc i pa l vi l l a ge s a r e s ai d t o b e
Nawa Taraki , Gilan, Oba, Aoband, Saga, Ag hao Jan, and Gandao. The
f ol l owi ng is an e x t r a c t from Has t i ngs ' r e p o r t ( 1880) on t h e Ghazni
d i s t r i c t r e ga r di ng t h i s pl ace, from na t i ve i n ormat i on:
"In t h i s t a p p a t h e r e is an e x t e n s i v e l a k e o r mar sh, cal l ed t h e Ab-i-
I s t ada, meas ur i ng 6 km. i n l e n g t h and 4 i n br e a dt h. Thr e e s t r e a ms
f a l l i nt o t h e l a ke , cal l ed:
1. The Rud-i-Ghazni 3. The Rud-i-Karabagh
2. The Rud-i-Sardeh
"Ther e is an i s l and i n t h e mi ddl e o f t h e l a k e whe r e wild f owl br e e d
in g r e a t number s. When t h e l a k e is f r o z e n ove r i n t h e wi nt er ,
s h i k a r i s a r e s ai d t o s h o o t t h e wild f owl i n l a r g e qua nt i t i e s . Thi s
l a ke is i n t h e Nawa Tar aki val l ey, near t h e vi l l a ge of Nawa Taraki .
"The i nha bi t a nt s of t h i s t a p p a a r e c h i e f l y Tar aki Ghi l zai s; t h e y a r e
di vi de d i n t o 6 cl ans:
1. Fer oz Khel , who l i v e i n t h e v i l l a g e of Nawa Tar aki
2. Gurez Khel, who l i v e i n Gi l an
3 . Soel Khel, who l i v e i n Oba
4. Badin Khel, who l i v e i n Aoband
5. Saki Khel, who l i v e i n Saga
6. Nakhel, who l i v e i n Aghao J an and Gandao
"The Kuchi s of t h i s t a p p a a r e numer ous, and t h e y c h i e f l y bel ong t o
t h e Badin Khel , who i n t h e wi nt e r mont hs t a k e t h e i r f l o c k s t o Kanda-
har and t o Nawar i n t h e Ghazni d i s t r i c t . They pay a t a x t o t h e
Gover nor o f Ghazni f o r t h e pa s t ur a ge of t h e i r c a t t l e . The Sar mar di
t ax is l e vi e d; t h e y pay more p e r head t ha n t h e Andar t r i be . They
a r e sai d t o number 20, 000 s oul s .
"Thi s c ount r y is s ur r ounde d on all s i d e s by hi l l s , b u t t h e r e is much
l e ve l l and unde r c ul t i va t i on, and t h e vi l l a ge s a r e most l y i n t h e
Nawa val l ey. Thi s val l ey commences i n t h e Katawaz c ount r y of t h e
Sulairnan Khel , and r u n s down t o t h e Bata Khel Tokhi s i n t h e Kalat-i-
Ghi l zai d i s t r i c t . The val l ey is 30 km. in l e n g t h , and in t h e mi ddl e
of it is t h e Ab-i-Istada. The r e a r e no hi l l s wi t h any known names
in t h e t a ppa , nor a r e t h e r e any l a r g e r i ve r s . The r e a r e t h r e e
s t r eams , b u t t h e y d o not i r r i g a t e t h e c ount r y, whi ch is c h i e f l y
d e p e n d e n t on rai n and a r t i f i c i a l i r r i ga t i on by means o f kar ez. The
vi l l age o f Nawa Tar aki is wat er ed by kar ez.
"The r e ve nue , i nc l us i ve of t h e Sar mar di t a x, amount s t o 1 1/ 2 l a kh
of (Kham) Kabuli r upees . " ( Hast i ngs. )
The d i s t r i c t above d e s c r i b e d is a ppa r e nt l y none o t h e r t ha n t h a t
whi ch w e know a s Mukur, and is sai d t o b e unde r t h e same Hakim,
namely, Mansur Khan. The name Tar aki is pr obabl y t a ke n from t h e
i nha bi t a nt s Tar a k is.
TARAKI J d i
34-19 70-25. A vi l l a ge in t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t , s i t u a t e d on t h e
r i g h t bank of t h e Chapr i ar st r eam, a bout 1 1/3 miles nor t h o f Deh-i-
Gaz. I nhabi t ant s : G hi l zai s . ( Jen kyns. )
TARAK I &i
A main s e c t i o n o f t h e Bur han br a nc h of t h e Ghi l zi as.
They i nhabi t
Mukur and t h e c o u n t r y ar ound i t e x t e n d i n g t o t h e s o u t h a s f a r a s t h e
s o u t h b o r d e r o f t h e Ghi l zai s.
The y a r e e s t i ma t e d t o number 12,000
f ami l i es , many of t hem a r e pa s t or a l , and of t h o s e some move i n
wi nt e r i n t o t h e Durani c ount r y, whi l e o t h e r s wander a s f a r a s Daman.
( El p h i n s t o n e . )
*TARAKI &j
33-19 68-21 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a bout 2 m i l e s s o u t h o f Must aufi on
t h e Moqur-Gazni r os d i n Ghazni pr ovi nce. A p a s s wi t h t h i s name is
a t 33-38 69-49 A., a n o t h e r a t 34-2 69-50 G. A s t r eam wi t h t h i s name
is l o c a t e d a t 33-36 69-50 m., and v i l l a g e s a t 33-36 69-50 m., 34-11
69-56 G., and 34-22 69-26 G. (LWA)
TARAKI TANG1 & &
34- 69-. About 11 miles f r om Tezi n, is a ha l t i ng pl a c e f o r kafi l as.
No habi t at i on. Wat er obt ai nabl e f r om s p r i n g s t h r o u g h o u t t h e year.
No s u p p l i e s avai l abl e. Fai r campi ng gr ound. Fo d d e r f o r 800 animals
f o r one da y and ungr ound gr a i n a bout 150 maunds can b e col l ect ed
f r om Chakar i , a vi l l a ge f o u r m i l e s s o u t h o f Tar aki Tangi . A road
b r a n c h e s o f f f r om h e r e t o But kha k whi c h is a bout s i x miles. (John-
s t on. )
TARA KOH See FIRAJ
*TARAN ,J\$
34-29 70-35 m. An a r e a l o c a t e d n o r t h o f Kama i n Nangar har provi nce.
( LWA1
TARBULAK (a% phi
34- 66-. A val l ey d e s c e n d i n g s o u t h e a s t f r om t h e Shar ak Kushta
Kotal, whi c h a f t e r wa r d s , it is be l i e ve d, t u r n s s o u t h - we s t and j oi ns
t h e Tal khak. A g o r g e wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 34-22 66-33 G.,
and a vi l l a ge a t 34-7 67-46 m. (LWA)
*TARGHAY
&
34-3 67-44 m. A vi l l a ge n o r t h west of t h e Koh-i-Mir and s out h west of
Barik j oy i n Bamian pr ovi nce. (LWA)
uj
TARGUN AK
34- 67-. A t r i b u t a r y o f t h e Helmand whi c h, r i s i n g i n t h e Band-1-
Baba and f l owi ng i n s o u t h e r l y d i r e c t i o n , f a l l s i n t o t h e Helmand
a bout 4 miles e a s t of Maidan-i-Pai-Kotal. A vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name
is l oc a t e d a t 34-24 67-43 G. (LWA)
TARISTAN
A s e c t i o n of t h e Dai Kundis.
TARKHANA See TAGHAR I
&Lj
TARLAKI
LP;
A s e c t i o n o f t h e J a j i s who i nha bi t a val l ey and t h r e e f o r t s cont ai n-
i n g 80 h o u s e s , and who can t u r n o u t 120 f i ght i ng- men. ~ a r l a k i is
pr obabl y t h e name of a vi l l a ge in t h e Jaj i c ount r y.
(Agha Abbas.)
TARNAO
+j
34- 70-. A vi l l a qe in t h e Hi sar ak di vi s i on of t h e ~a l a l a b a d di s -
-
trict. I nha bi t a nt s : Shi n war i s. ( Jen kyns. )
*TARNAWA
d, l;r
34-49 67- 48 m. A v i l l a g e l o c a t e d on a t r i b u t a r y o f t h e Bamian
r i ver , s o u t h we s t of Bamian i n Bamian pr ovi nce. (LWA)
TAROAI OK TARVI LuJ
34-36 69-45. A vi l l a ge a t t h e j unct i on o f t h e Tezi n r i ve r wi t h t h e
Kabul r i ver . Thi s is e v i d e n t l y meant f o r Sarobi . (Hough. ) Anot her
vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 31-49 68-25 A. (LWA)
TASHNAK
33-43 69-37 m. A vi l l a ge o f 100 h o u s e s i n t h e Lajha (Lazha) nala.
I t lies 1 2 m i l e s a b o v e t h e j u n c t i o n o f t h e La j ha nal a wi t h t h e
Karaia s t r eam, on an a l t e r na t i ve r o u t e from t h e Karaia val l ey t o
Gardez. The r e is room h e r e t o encamp hal f a br i ga de wi t h guns .
( I .B.C.)
*TASAN
33-29 68-35 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d w e s t of Te nf e r and s o u t h e a s t of
Ghazni i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
*TATANAK
33-29 69-1 m. A vi l l a ge near Kol i khel , a f e w m i l e s w e s t o f t h e r oad
t o Gar dez i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
*TATANG
&-
34-10 68-38 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e Badqol st r eam, a bout 2 miles s out h-
e a s t of Badqol i n Maidan pr ovi nce. An o t h e r pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is
l oc a t e d a t 34-25 70-15 G.
,b 2 L
TATANG-I-JABAR Or KALA-I-SHAH1
34-25 70-15 m. A vi l l a ge a bout 11 miles west - by- sout h of Jal al abad
on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Sur kha b r i ve r f r om whi ch it is d i s t a n t a bout
1 mi l e . I t lies a bout 3 m i l e s from Bawali (Baghwani ) s a r a i on a
bear i ng of 317 1/2 d e g r e e s .
The vi l l age is St a t e p r o p e r t y and c o n s i s t s pr a c t i c a l l y e n t i r e l y of a
powde r f a c t o r y and of t h e h o u s e s o f t h e men empl oyed t he r e i n. The
site of t h e f a c t o r y is s ur r ounde d by e x t e n s i v e wi l l ow- gr oves, t h e
wood of which f ur ni s hes t h e charcoal used in t h e factory. Ther e are
t wo m i l l s , in e a c h of whi ch f our wooden t i l t - hammer s pound t h e
i n g r e d i e n t s i n h o l e s s unk i n t h e f l oor ; t h e s e hammers a r e wor ked by
wat er power . Af t e r bei ng t h u s pounded f o r 24 hour s t h e mi xt ur e is
f u r t h e r t r e a t e d by hand in a p e s t l e and mor t ar , and is t h e n d r i e d
and pa s s e d t h r o u g h a s i e ve . The t wo m i l l s a r e sai d t o b e a bl e t o
t ur n o u t a bout 1 5 1/2 I ndi an maunds dai l y. The powde r , when r e a dy,
is s t o r e d i n a magazi ne in t h e c e n t e r of t h e e nc l os ur e and is s e n t
t o Kabul a s r e qui r e d. A smal l er f a c t or y is s ai d t o e x i s t a t t h e
vi l l age o f Amar Khel, near t h e Darunta Gor ge. (Mal l eson, I.B.C.)
TATANG-I-SEH KOTI
&k J L
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Sur kha b r i ve r , o p p o s i t e
t o, and about 1/2 m i l e f r om, Tatang-i-Wazir. (I.B.C.)
TATANG- I -WAZ I R #.A&
34-21 70-3 G. A vi l l a ge on t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e Sur kha b r i ve r ,
about 10 m i l e s s o u t h west o f Tatang-i-Jabar. (1.B.C.)
TATTOR (&) &=
A v i l l a g e i n t h e Loga r v a l l e y c l o s e t o ~ a i o Khel , b e i n g i n d e e d
r e c kone d a s one and t h e same f o r r evenue pur pos e s . ( I . . A
vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 35-33 67-49 A. (LWA)
*TATUMDARA See TUTAMDARA ~J' FS
TAWA 4, \;
35- 68-. A p a s s l e a di ng over t h e Hindu Kush from t h e Ghorband
val l ey t o t h a t of t h e Sur khab. The a s c e n t from t h e s out h is by t h e
Dara Fa r i nj a l , a na r r ow c r a mp e d v a l l e y i s s ui ng from among very
broken hills, and debouching i nt o t h e Ghorband 5 mi l e s above Chahar-
d e h . The s u m m i t of t h e p a s s is r e a c he d at 18 or 20 miles from t he
mout h of t h e Dara Farinjal. The d e s c e n t is by t h e Ashraf Dara f or
Tala. Thi s r oad is sai d t o be e a s y f o r pack animals on t h e sout h
s i d e of t h e r ange, b u t t o be ver y d i f f i c u l t on t h e nor t h s i de ; t he
p a s s can, on t h e whol e, be c ons i de r e d pr act i cabl e f o r men on f oot
onl y. ( Peacocke, I.B.C.)
TAWAK O r TAWAKH
35-15 69-24 m. A vi l l age 1 m i l e up a dar a whi ch de bouc he s i nt o t he
r i g h t of t h e u p p e r Panj s hi r val l ey 3 m i l e s above Anaba. I t cont ai ns
240 h o u s e s of Taj i ks. ( Shahzada Taimus.)
TAZ , \;
A vi l l age 152 miles from Jal al abad, 176 miles from Kashkar, consi s-
t i ng of 150 h o u s e s i nha bi t e d by Kohi st ani s, s ur r ounde d by a good
d e a l of j ungl e. Water is pr ocur abl e from a st r eam, t h e Alingar.
(Leech. )
TEBA O r THIBA ( G) G
34- 69-. A vi l l age in t h e Char deh val l ey of Kabul, a t t h e nor t heas-
t e r n ba s e of t h e Korogh mountain, about 1 1/2 m i l e s from Deh Dana.
The r e a r e about 500 h o u s e s of Taj i ks i n t h e pl ace. Water from a
canal from t h e Kabul r i ver . Much cul t i vat i on, i ncl udi ng wheat,
bar l ey and rice; and many peach and a p p l e trees. The r e is a shr i ne
he r e , Ziarat-i-Sultan-G hazi , to whi ch t h e pe opl e of Kabul and of t h e
Cha r de h vi l l a ge s r e pa i r f o r de vot i on and amusement once a month,
s ummer and wi nt er . In s u mme r t h e amusement c o n s i s t s i n c oc kf i ght -
i ng; i n wi nt er t h e y have a s p o r t r esembl i ng "mont agne r usse, " in
whi ch an a ve r a ge of t e n to t we l ve pe opl e a r e sai d t o l o s e t hei r
l i v e s a nnua l l y. (I.B.C.)
*TEBAZAR r 'S
35-6 69-18 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d s o u t h of Rezakohest an i n Parwan
pr ovi nce. (LWA)
TIRGARHI Or TIGRI Now c a l l e d MEWI"IW&M (t I- ) d .
34-39 70-13 m. One of t h e pr i nc i pa l vi l l a ge s i n Laghman, on t h e
l e f t bank of t h e Al i shang r i ve r , 2 mi l es above its j unct i on with t h e
Alingar. In Ti r ga r hi a r e i nc l ude d 16 f o r t s and haml et s, t h e inhabi-
t a n t s of whi ch a r e all Taj i ks. The f ol l owi ng is a list of t h e f o r t s
and haml et s t h a t g o t o make up t h e t o wn s h i p of ~ i r g a r h i :
1. Bagh-i-Bibi Sahi ba 9. Banda- i-Abdul Ahmad
2. Shi ggi 10. Kala-i-Shah Baz
3. Kala-i-Ja j i 11. Sang Toda
4. Kala-i-Sher Muhamnad 12. Deh-i-War
5. Kala-i-Hasan 13. Deh- i-Sul t a n ~ u h a ma d
6. Kala-i-Khala Khel 14. Mariam Kora
7. Deh-i -Zi arat 15. Kala- i-Muhammad Khan
8. Deh-i-Sherulla Khan 16. Kala-i-Wali
Ti r gar h i is s ur r ounde d by cul t i vat i on, and s u p p l i e s and water are
p l e n t i f u l her e. The campi ng- gr ound us e d by t h e Br i t i s h i n 1880 lies
some 1/4 m i l e t o t h e west of t h e vi l l age. (Warburt on, I.B.C.)
*TEKAR $
34-46 67-43 m. A vi l l a ge near Zakaria, s o u t h we s t of Bamian i n
Bamian pr ovi nce.
*TELGAR 3
33-25 69-48 m. A vi l l a ge near Badal Kalay, n o r t h we s t o f Matun, i n
~ a k t i a pr ovi nce.
TERAH d k
33-45 69-10 A. An a l t e r n a t i v e name f o r t he Al t i mur pas s .
TETSEMGROM See SATS UMGROM (+J+) +J#
TEZAK dj&
A s e c t i o n o f Daul at pai Besud Hazaras. A vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is
l oc a t e d a t 34-12 68-4 G. (LWA)
TEZAO J'S
A pl a c e in t h e J a g h u r i Hazara count r y. A vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is
l oc a t e d a t 34-47 66-46 G. (LWA)
TEZIN iK?
34-21 69-35 m. A l a r g e g r o u p of vi l l a ge s near t h e head of t h e
val l ey of t h e same name, a bout 10 miles s o u t h we s t o f J agdal ak.
The r e is room t o encamp a c ons i de r a bl e f o r c e h e r e wi t h an a bunda nt
wat er s u p p l y , b u t s u p p l i e s a r e s c a r c e . Fodde r f o r 1, 000 ani mal s f o r
one day and about 150 maunds of unground grain may be col l ect ed from
t h e Tezi n val l ey wi t hi n f o u r miles. Fuel is abundant and t h e r e is
f a i r gr ound f o r encampment . The r e is a company of i nf a nt r y quar -
t e r e d a t Tezi n. (I.B.C., J ohns t on. )
TEZIN 6S.2
34-36 69-46 m. A s t r eam whi ch rises i n t h e Sa f e d Koh and, f l owi ng
near l y d u e nor t h, f a l l s i n t o t h e Kabul r i ve r a t Sar obi , 40 miles
bel ow Kabul, a f t e r a c o u r s e of a bout 40 m i l e s .
Masson d e s c r i b e s it a s a p i c t u r e s q u e val l ey wi t h much c ul t i va t i on on
e i t h e r bank of t h e r i vul e t , and wi t h f o r t s and g a r d e n s o f var i ous
Ghi l zai c h i e f s , t h e owne r s o f t h e val l ey, s c a t t e r e d about , e s pe c i a l -
l y t o wa r d s t h e s out h. Hough, however , s a ys it is n o t above 1, 000
ya r ds br oad, and is bar r en, wi t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f a f e w p a t c h e s o f
cultivation, a few bus hes of holly and some st unned s hr ubs among t h e
r o c k s bei ng a l l t h e ve ge t a t i on vi si bl e. To t h e s o u t h t h e val l ey is
Sh u t i n by t h e Sa f e d Koh, whi ch is wooded from its ba s e t o its
summit and t o t h e w e s t o f nor t h and t o t h e e a s t t h e r e a r e o t h e r
mount ai ns. The r e a r e many i ndi c a t i ons of c o p p e r in t h e r o c k s i n t h e
hi l l s whi ch bound t h e val l ey. The c ul t i va t i on c o n s i s t s of whe a t and
r ye.
Br i gadi er Sal e, r e t i r i ng from Kabul t o Jal al abad in 1841, wi t h a
f o r c e of 1 f i e l d ba t t e r y, 1 mount ai n ba t t e r y, 1 s qua dr on, 5 t h Li g h t
Cavalry, 1 s qua dr on t h e Sh a h ' s 2nd Cavalry, Br oa df oot ' s Sa ppe r s , Her
Maj est y' s 1 3 t h Regi ment and t h e 35t h Nat i ve I nf a nt r y, e nc ount e r e d
and d e f e a t e d on t h e 22nd Oct ober 1841 a body of h o s t i l e Af gha ns a t
t h i s pl ace, wi t h t h e l os s on h i s s i d e of 5 ki l l ed and 19 wounded.
The d e t a i l s of t h e a c t i on a r e t h u s d e s c r i b e d by t h a t o f f i c e r : "From
t h e val l ey of Tezi n, a n o t h e r val e s t r e t c h e s o u t t owa r ds t h e s out h-
e a s t and on t h e s i de s and summits of t h e mountains which encl ose t h e
l a t t e r were p o s t e d , in e ve r y qua r t e r , bodi e s of t h e i n s u r g e n t s ,
wh i l s t a n o t h e r por t i on o f t h e i r f o r c e , c o n s i s t i n g of f oot , l e d on by
Sa r da r s on hor s e ba c k, and t h e i r mount ed f ol l owe r s , s howe d a det er-
mi nat i on t o d i s p u t e t h e p o s s e s s i o n o f a c oni c a l hi l l , whi ch partial-
l y c l o s e s t h e e n t r a n c e o f t h e br a nc hi ng val l ey, and bar r ed our
a p p r o a c h t o Muhammad Af z a l ' s f o r t a l a r g e wor k ba c ke d by gar dens,
whi c h t h e r e b e l s still ga r r i s one d. From t h i s emi nence, t h e advance
gua r d u n d e r Col onel Mont eat h d r o v e t he m by a combi ned a t t a c k, and I
t h e n d i r e c t e d t h e 1 3 t h L i g h t I n f a n t r y and a por t i on of Captain
Abbot t ' s b a t t e r y t o a dva nc e u n d e r Li eut enant - Col onel Dennie, and
a s s a u l t t h e f o r t i t s e l f . Th e i n s u r g e n t s , howe ve r , abandoned it
a f t e r d i r e c t i n g from it a f e e b l e f i r e. "
On t h e 1 1 t h Januar y 1842, t h e r e mna nt o f t h e Br i t i s h f o r c e r et r eat -
i ng f r om Kabul, c o n s i s t i n g o f 4, 500 men, i nc l udi ng f ol l owe r s ( out of
a t o t a l o f 16, 400 who had l e f t Kabul t h r e e d a y s b e f o r e ) , ar r i ved a t
Tezi n, s a ve d s o f a r b y t h e p e r s e v e r i n g e n e r g y and unf l i nc hi ng f or t i -
t ude o f General Shel t on, who had commanded in t h e r ear with a few of
t h e 4 4 t h Foot . The i r bi vouac a t Tezi n was ha ppi l y n o t di s t ur be d,
and t h e y were t h u s e na bl e d t o c o l l e c t t h e i r numbed e n e r g i e s f o r t h e
d r e a d f u l miles y e t b e f o r e t hem--mi l es whi c h were n o t e nde d e r e al l
had been des t r oyed.
When Gener al Pol l ock was a dva nc i ng on Kabul i n 1842, h e hal t ed a t
Tezi n f o r a day, on t h e 1 2 t h Se pt e mbe r 1842, t o r e c r u i t h i s cat t l e;
t h i s ha l t t h e enemy i magi ned t o b e t h e r e s u l t of he s i t a t i on, and in
t h e a f t e r n o o n a t t a c k e d t h e p i c q u e t s on h i s l e f t f l a nk, and became s o
da r i ng t h a t it was " c ons i de r e d n e c e s s a r y t o s e n d Li eut enant Colonel
Tayl or , wi t h 250 men o f Her Maj est y' s 9 t h Foot , t o d r i v e t hem back;
s ome s h a r p f i g h t i n g t o o k pl ace, and t h e enemy we r e dr i ve n up t h e
ne i ghbor i ng h i l l s f r om t h e crests o f whi c h t h e y k e p t up a heavy
f i r e . Li eut enant - Col onel Tayl or , how e ve r , wi t h a smal l par t y, c r e p t
u p o n e e nd o f t h e hi l l unpe r c e i ve d by t h e enemy, who were hot l y
e n g a g e d in t h e i r f r o n t , and l a y c onc e a l e d unt i l j oi ned by a f e w more
of hi s men, when r ushi ng upon t h e fl ank of t h e ast ounded Afghans, he
i n f l i c t e d a s e v e r e l e s s o n pour i ng i n a d e s t r u c t i v e f i r e upon t hem as
t h e y f l e d down t h e hi l l . The enemy r emai ned i n o f f e n s i v e on t h e l e f t
f l a nk i n c o n s e q u e n c e o f t h i s v e r y wel l - pl anned and ga l l a nt a f f a i r of
Li eut enant - Col onel Tayl or ' s and wi t hdr e w t o t h e r i g h t wher e t he y
commenced a f u r i o u s a t t a c k upon a p i q u e t , c o n s i s t i n g of 80 men of
t h e 66t h Regiment Native I nf a nt r y, commanded by Li e ut e na nt MOntgOm-
e r y , who s u s t a i n e d t h e a s s a u l t wi t h g r e a t r e s ol ut i on unt i l rein-
f o r c e me n t s r e a c h e d him when t h e enemy were be a t e n o f f ; i n t h i s
at t ack t h e pi cquet had f our ki l l ed, Lieutenant Montgomery and 17 men
wounded; t h e enemy came s o c l o s e t h a t f r e q u e n t r e c o u r s e was had t o
t h e bayonet . The i r a t t e mp s on t h e p i q u e t s c ont i nue d t h r o u g h o u t t h e
n i g h t , b u t were i nvar i abl y u n s u c c e s s f u l .
"On t h e mor ni ng o f t h e 1 3 t h , it was pe r c e i ve d t h a t t h e Af gha ns had
o c c u p p i e d i n g r e a t f o r c e e v e r y h e i g h t n o t a l r e a dy cr owned by our
t r oops; and General Pollock commenced hi s march t owar ds t h e mouth of
t h e Tezi n pa s s , whe r e h e l e f t t wo guns , t wo s q u a d r o n s o f Her Majes-
t y ' s 3r d Li g h t Dr agoons, a pa r t y of t h e 1st Li g h t Caval r y and 3rd
I r r e gul a r Cavalry. The enemy' s h o r s e a p p e a r e d i n t h e val l ey, with
t h e i nt e nt i on of f a l l i ng upon t h e ba gga ge , but t h e dr a goons and
na t i ve caval r y ( Regul ar and I r r e gul a r ) made a mos t br i l l i a nt char ger
and wi t h s u c h e f f e c t t h a t t h e whol e body of t h e enemy' s f o r c e was
c ompl e t e l y r o u t e d , and a number of t hem c u t up.
"The pass of t h e Tezin a f f o r d s gr eat advant age to an enemy occupying
t h e h e i g h t s , and on t h e above oc c a s i on ~ u h a mma d Akbar ne gl e c t e d
not hi ng t o r e n d e r its nat ur al d i f f i c u l t i e s a s f or mi dabl e as numbers
c oul d make it. The Br i t i s h t r o o p s mount ed t h e h e i g h t s , and t h e
Af gha ns , c o n t r a r y t o t h e i r g e n e r a l cus t om, a dva nc e d t o meet them,
and a de s pe r a t e s t r uggl e ensued; i ndeed, t he i r de f e nc e was s o obst i -
nat e, t h a t t h e ba yone t i n many i n s t a n c e s al one d e c i d e d t h e c o n t e s t .
The Li ght Company of Her Majesty' s 9t h Foot, l ed by Captain Lushing-
ton, who was wounded in t h e head, ascendi ng t h e hi l l s on t h e l e f t o f
t h e pa s s , unde r a heavy c r o s s f i r e , c h a r g e d and o v e r t h r e w t h e i r
oppone nt s , l eavi ng s e v e r a l h o r s e s and t h e i r r i d e r s , s u p p o s e d t o b e
c h i e f s , de a d on t h e hi l l . The s l a u g h t e r was c ons i de r a bl e , and t h e
f i g h t c ont i nue d dur i ng a g r e a t p a r t o f t h e day, t h e enemy a ppe a r i ng
r e s ol ve d t h a t t h e Br i t i s h s houl d not a s c e nd t h e Ha f t Kotal; but one
s p i r i t s eemed t o p e r v a d e all, and a det er mi nat i on t o c o n q u e r over -
came t h e o b s t i n a t e r e s i s t a n c e of t h e enemy, who were a t l e n g t h
f or c e d from t h e i r numer ous and s t r o n g pos i t i on, and t h e Br i t i s h
t r oops mounted t h e Haft Kotal giving t hr e e c he e r s when t he y r eached
t h e s u mmi t . " The r e were a bout 16, 000 men i n t h e f i e l d o p p o s e d t o
Gener al Pol l ock, a c ons i de r a bl e por t i on o f whom were caval r y; Muham-
mad Akbar Khan, Muhammad Shah Khan, Amin Ul l a , and many ot he r c h i e f s
wi t h t h e i r f ol l owe r s were pr e s e nt . The Gener al t h u s gai ned a com-
p l e t e vi c t or y, and h i s enemi es s u f f e r e d s e ve r e l y, havi ng s e v e r a l
hundr eds ki l l ed, l osi ng t he i r guns and t hr e e st andar ds, one of which
was t a k e n f r om t h e enemy' s h o r s e by t h e 1st Li g h t Cavalry.
THIBA See TEBA ("t; )&
TI GRI See TIRGARHI &
TIL &
35-36 69-44 A. El evat i on a bout 11, 700 f e e t . A p a s s i n t h e Hi ndu
Kush, l e a di ng f r om t h e Pa nj s hi r val l ey i n t o t h e Andarab val l ey o f
Badakshan. The summi t o f t h e Ti1 p a s s lies a bout 7 m i l e s s o u t h we s t
of t h e Khawak pa s s . I t is c r o s s e d by a r o u t e whi ch is s ai d t o b e
somet i mes us e d by s a l t ka f i l a s , t h o u g h it is n o t ge ne r a l l y con-
s i d e r e d t o b e f i t f o r camel s; bei ng much s h o r t e r t h a n t h e r o u t e o v e r
t h e Khawak p a s s , howe ve r , t r a v e l e r s wi t h yabus f r e q u e n t l y make u s e
o f it. From t h e e a s t e r n f o o t o f t h e p a s s a s t r e a m r u n s i n a n
e a s t e r l y d i r e c t i o n and j oi ns t h e Sar-i-Lang st r eam, whi ch f l o ws down
from t h e Regak pas s . Thi s st r eam is s omet i mes s p o k e n o f a s t h e
East er n Til, a s o p p o s e d t o t h e st r eam of t h e same name whi ch f l o ws
down t h e we s t e r n s i d e of t h e p a s s t o t h e Andarab val l ey. (I.B.C.)
TIL * &
35-34 69-51 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Ea s t e r n Til, o r
Sar-i-Lang s t r eam, a bout 7 m i l e s w e s t o f Dasht-i-Rewat. I t is s a i d
t o cont ai n a bout 90 hous e s . The st r eam h e r e is s a i d t o be (i n
Oct ober ) 24 f e e t wi de and 6 i n c h e s d e e p . (I.B.C. Thi s is a l s o
c a l l e d Ti l -i -Pan j s hi r . (LWA)
T IMRAM ("I&) t k
A pl a c e i n t h e Dai Kundi count r y. A mount ai n wi t h t h i s name is
l oc a t e d a t 33-44 66-50 G. (LWA)
TIMURI SHAH tk
34- 69-. A vi l l a ge in t h e Tagao val l ey, 16 miles from Far aj ghan,
c ons i s t i ng of 50 h o u s e s of "Pashai s. " (Leech. )
TIRAHI @'&
A smal l t r i b e i n t h e J a l a l a ba d d i s t r i c t .
"They oc c upy t h e Rud-i-Kot. Naib Khan, who i n 1879 was t h e c h i e f
man i n t h e t r i be , s t a t e d t h a t t h e y were or i gi nal l y t r a n s p o r t e d (by
Taimur Lang pr obabl y) from Tehr an i n Per si a, and l oc a t e d on t h e
pl at eau o f Ti r ah. The name ~ i r a h i may be de r i ve d from Tehr an, or
f r om Ti r ah, mos t pr obabl y t h e latter. Af t e r r e s i d i n g f o r some time
i n Ti r ah, t h e y were e x p e l l e d b y t h e Af r i d i s and Or akzai s. They t h e n
d e s c e n d e d i n t o t h e pl a i ns o f Ni ngr ahar , and dr i vi ng o u t t h e Di l a-
zaks, who t he n occupi ed t h e Rud-i-Kot, t ook pos s es s i on of t h e coun-
t r y. Si nc e t h e n t h e Ti r a hi s ha ve n o t c h a n g e d t h e i r pl a c e of resi-
de nc e . The y a r e e n g a g e d e n t i r e l y i n a gr i c ul t ur e .
The T i r a h i s a r e di vi de d i n t o t h r e e s e c t i o n s :
1. Shabadwan i 2. Si p a i 3. La r t o i
"The Shabad wani occupy Faruk hs hah k hel , Hid wani, I ddur k hel, Shayasta-
k he l , Kalajat, Kala-i-Saadatmand , etc., a n d a r e s u b - d i v i d e d i n t o
t h r e e f ami l i es , vi z:
1. Far kukhshahkhel ( i nc l udi ng Hai bat khel )
2. Shayas t akhel
3. Andarani
"The S i p a i c ont a i n t h e f ol l owi ng s ubdi vi s i ons :
1. Sandwani ( i n Manzuni, Ba t i kot , and Si pa i . )
2. Guzwani ( i n Dosha, etc.)
3. Zar kani ( i n Changar, Jabba, Mi t r a ni , etc.)
"The Lar t oi a r e n o t s ubdi vi de d; t h e y o c c u p y Laghar j u, Khi dar khani ,
Bat i kot , Madok Badok, Kamah k he l , etc.
"The h i g h e s t vi l l a ge in t h e Rud-i-Tangi is he l d by Utmanzai Moh-
mands, and a t t h e l owe r e nd o f t h e Rud t h e vi l l a ge of Zerbacha is
o c c u p i e d by Sai yi ds ; but all t h e rest o f t h e Rud is i n t h e ha nds of
t h e Ti r ahi s .
" I t is pr oba bl e t h a t t h e Ti r a hi s were or i gi na l l y Shi a s , and, i ndeed,
a por t i on of t hem, c a l l e d Dupa, who still remai n among t h e Orakzai s,
a r e Shi a hs ; b u t now a l l t h e Ti r a hi s i n t h i s d i s t r i c t , l i k e t h e ot he r
Muhammadans of Jal al abad, a r e strict Sunni s.
"They n mb e r about 3, 000 s oul s .
"Naib Khan h a s f o r s e v e r a l y e a r s h e l d t h e Kot vi l l a ge s i n farm, and
h a s be e n Naib Hakim u n d e r t h e Gover nor o f Jal al abad.
nThe Ti r a hi s s p e a k t h e Pu s h t u l a ngua ge , b u t it is s ai d t h a t t he y
have a pe c ul i a r l a n g u a g e of t h e i r own, whi c h t h e y t a l k i n t h e i r
homes. I ha ve n o t had an o p p o r t u n i t y o f d i s c o v e r i n g t h e nat ur e of
t h i s l a ngua ge , b u t f r om o n e o r t wo wo r d s t h a t I have he a r d, it would
seem t o b e one o f t h e I ndi an f ami l y o f l anguages. " ( Jenkyns. )
TIRALAI-I-MIRAN or# &
34- 69-. A vi l l a ge in t h e Hi sar ak di vi s i on o f t h e Jal al abad di s-
t r i ct , a b o u t 3 m i l e s s o u t h o f Ba r i ka o. I n h a b i t a n t s : Sa i yi ds .
About 200 maunds o f ungr ound gr a i n and f o d d e r f o r 2, 000 ani mal s f or
one da y is obt ai nabl e. Fuel a l s o may be pr oc ur e d i n small quant i -
ties. ( Jen kyns , J ohns t on. )
TIRALAI Or TRELAI &i
34-20 70-25 m. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t , a bout a mile
n o r t h o f Tar aki , on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Chapr i ar st r eam. Inhabi-
t a nt s : Mohmand s. ( Jenkyns. )
TI RI M &
34- 67-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Besud Hazara c ount r y, a bout 6 1/2 miles
east o f t h e D e w a l Kol kot al . One vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is l ocat ed
a t 34-35 67-22 m. ( LWA)
TI RKHANA
&L+
34-27 68-37. The name o f t h e val l ey o f t h e Kabul r i ve r bet ween
J a l r e z and Sar-i-Chashma. The r e a r e numer ous vi l l a ge s and f o r t s
scattered about , us ual l y c o n s t r u c t e d o f s t o n e s , wi t h gener al l y t h e
St oc k of wi nt e r p r o v e n d e r on t h e r oof s . Th e i nha bi t a nt s a r e Taj i ks
and Af gha ns , wi t h some Hazara c ul t i va t or s . (Masson.)
TOBAGI &
34- 69-. A p a s s i n t h e Kar kacha r a nge , by whi ch Chakar i is r e a c he d
from t h e e a s t e r n por t i on o f t h e Logar val l ey. (I.B.C.)
*TOBAK &
34-15 67-13 m. A vi l l a ge near Chah, on a t r i but a r y of t h e Helmand
i n Bamian pr ovi nce. Anot her pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is a bout 2 m i l e s
s o u t h we s t of Miran i n Maidan pr ovi nce, a t 34-12 68-18 m. (LWA)
TOCHI
A s e c t i o n of Muhammad Khwajo Hazar as.
*TOGHA +
32-58 69- 22 m. A v i l l a g e n e a r Gi yan, e a s t o f Ur gun, i n P a k t i a
pr ovi nce.
TOHAK *
A pl ace i n t h e Ghor band val l ey, whe r e t h e r e a r e abundant p e t r i f y i n g
s p r i n g s ; i n one pl a c e t h e b e d s c u t t h r o u g h by t h e t o r r e n t s how a
t h i c k n e s s o f 50 f e e t , t h e i ndi vi dua l l a y e r s n o t e x c e e d i n g 1 t o 3
i nc he s . (Lord .)
TO1 MUHAMMAD
A Darghan Hazara vi l l a ge of 20 f ami l i es i n t h e Kalu gl en.
-clu;
TOKCHI &
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Besud di vi s i on o f t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t
s i t ua t e d a bout 2 miles nor t h of Bi ni nga, on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e
Kunar r i ver . I nhabi t ant s : Taj i ks and Barak zai s. ( Jen kyns. )
TOKHI S e e Volume 5 .
TOKH WIRDI uJx,+
A vi l l age be t we e n Parwan and Char i kar . It c ont a i ns about 400 h o u s e s
of Taj i ks, and t h e r e a r e 8 f ami l i es o f Hindu t r a d e r s . Water f r om a
canal known a s t h e Nahar-i-Mahi-Gir, whi ch comes from t h e Ghor band
r i v e r . Much c u l t i v a t i o n , c h i e f l y a k i n d o f d a l a nd c o t t o n .
( I .B.C.)
TOP *+
34-9 68-47 A. El evat i on 7, 400 f e e t . A s m a l l d i s t r i c t on t h e Kabul
and Ghazni r oad, be t we e n Kala Durani and Sai yi dabad. The r e is
pl e nt y o f s p a c e f o r encampi ng, and a good s u p p l y of wat er from a
st r eam. The Sh e r Dahan is not vi s i bl e from he r e , b u t it can be s e e n
from t h e h i l l s c l o s e by. (Montgomery. ) Re c e nt maps s how t h e name
Top Kalay, a t 34-10 68-47 m. (LWA)
TQP Y+
A vi l l age on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Kajao st r eam, about 11 m i l e s
s o u t h e a s t o f D i w a l Kol. Vi l l ages wi t h t h i s name a r e l oc a t e d a t 34-
34 67-46 m., 34-13 67-10 m., and 34-20 67-33 m. (LWA)
TOPCH I &*
34-49 67-57 m. Two f o r t s i n t h e Bamian val l ey, t o g e t h e r cont ai ni ng
100 f ami l i es of Taj i ks. Topc hi Bala is on t h e nor t h s i d e o f t h e
val l ey, near l y o p p o s i t e t h e mout h of t h e Panj f i l an gl e n, 7 miles
bel ow Kala Sar kar i . Topc hi Pain is on t h e o p p o s i t e s i d e of t h e
val l ey, about 1 1/2 miles l owe r down. (Maitland.)
TOPCHI BASH1 &b e t !
34- 69-. A r ui ned f o r t a s h o r t d i s t a n c e w e s t of Kabul. 1t st i l l
p o s s e s s e s some f i n e pl ane trees near it and an e x c e l l e n t s pr i ng of
wat er . I t is usual f o r ka f i l a s goi ng w e s t t o c ol l e c t her e. (Mas-
son. )
TOP DARA * ~ d k #
34- 69-. A g r o u p of 8 o r 9 f o r t s and vi l l a ge s on t h e daman of t he
Paghman r ange, 4 m i l e s s o u t h of Char i kar . (Maitland.) A village
wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d 34-59 69-8 G. (LWA)
*TOM *U;
34-6 70-57 m. A vi l l a ge near caves , s o u t h e a s t of Ghani khel in
Nangarhax pr ovi nce.
TORACH I NA L;tt 4 U;
34- 69-. A pl a c e be t we e n t h e Karkacha r a nge and Tezi n, on t he
s o u t h e r n r oad from Gandamak t o Kabul. (I.B.C.)
TOR GUND
The bl ack f a c t i o n of Khostwals--see "Khost ."
*TORKHEL &&
34-56 69-37 m. A vi l l age l oc a t e d on t h e Tagab r i ver , some 6 miles
nor t h of Tagab i n Kapisa pr ovi nce.
*TRAIZAI or TERI ZAI (ALI SHER) [&&I j ' j k
33- 26 70-4. Te r i z a i ( A l i S h e r ) is a v i l l a g e and an a l a qa da r i in
Pakt i a pr ovi nce. The al aqadar i c ompr i s e s an a r e a of 484 squar e
ki l ome t e r s and ha s an a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on t h a t ha s been est i -
mated a t from 6, 302 t o 15,315. The al aqadar i is bounded i n t h e west
b y Kh o s t a nd Sa r o t i , i n t h e n o r t h b y Bak, a nd i n t h e e a s t and
s o u t h e a s t by t h e St a t e o f Paki st an. Ter i zai ( Al i She r ) has some 42
vi l l a ge s , 10 of whi ch have more t ha n 500 i nha bi t a nt s . The vi l l ages
a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f o l l o ws : Abu Khan, Be l a wa t ( Bel awut ) ,
Kadam, Tor-Abo, Derabo-Kalai, St e r Kalai, Shakar ai , Landar, Jadrano
Kalai, Zakar Khel, Kotgai, Dabgai, Mata Khel, Akhgar ai , Jon0 Ghun-
dai , Kh waja Moh'd Kalai, Si ddi q ( Sadeq) , Tat arai , Yuri Kalai (Yur
Ka hol ) , Sawa ki, Tarakai, Koza Tarakai, Mirzajan-i-Tarakai, Kerg hadi,
Kats (Kach), Kabal Kalai, Faki r an, Matani, Khorami, Zela ~ h o n d a i ,
Li wano Kal ai , Kha r ka i , Harun Khel , S h e b i Kalai, Sha i k h ( Shai kh
Madi ) , Masud Kalai, Mira J a n Kal ai , Sa hr a Kalai ( Gh e l j e y o Kalai),
Gan Te r i z i , Mamajan Kalai, Tal wal , Mul l ayano Kal ai (Mol ayan), Tar
Rani, Ter i zai , Danai Ter i zai , Al i She r , Kuz Kalai, and Hazer Makay.
TRELAI See TI RALAI J i
TSAGA I >
34- 6%. A Kuchi encampment l yi ng in a hol l ow among t h e hi l l s t o
t h e s out h of Lat aband, and t h r e e hour s 1 march from t h e t o p of t h e
Pas s . The r e is pl e nt y of good wat er and g r a s s he r e , and some fuel .
The Kuchi s who f r e q u e n t t h i s s p o t a r e Mian Khel Ghi l zai s. From
Tsagai e a s y p a t h s r un in s e ve r a l di r e c t i ons . One t o t h e e a s t l eads
t o Seh Baba, a not he r s o u t h e a s t t o Tezi n ( d i s t a n t 6 o r 7 miles),
a n o t h e r t o t h e s o u t h l e a d s d i r e c t t o t h e f r o n t over a low r i dge and
down t o t h e Tezi n and Khurd Kabul road ( j oi ni ng it near t h e Haft
Kotal, a t a pl ace cal l ed Bal ut ak) , a f o u r t h pa t h l e a d s t o t h e sout h-
w e s t , over t h e same r i d g e t owa r ds Khurd Kabul,
pa s s i ng, a t 1 mile
from t h e r i d g e , t h e s o u t h e r n end of t h e Chi nar i pass. (Young.)
TSANDALAI dd
A vi l l age i n t h e Hi sar ak di vi s i on o f t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t . Inhab-
i t a nt s : Shi n war i s unde r t h e headman o f Yag hi band. ( Jen kyns. )
TSARO See PECH J J ~
TSRANU See WAMA ~ i b
TUBU F-
A vi l l age i n t h e Gandamak val l ey, Jal al abad d i s t r i c t , cont ai ni ng 300
houses of Sherzad Khugi ani s. (McGregor. )
( Thi s is pr obabl y i nt ended f o r Tutu. )
* TUCHI &
33-42 68-0 m. A vi l l a ge near t h e Khak-i-Sayyid Zi ar at , e a s t o f t h e
Dasht-i-Nawer i n Ghazni pr ovi nce. (LWA)
TULAKSHA See DAI MIRDAD r k dl+
TUL DARA See PARANDEV 4)
TULKHAH See KACHU r l i J+
TULU See DAI MIRDAD (')t&
*TUMQUL J*
33-16 67-37 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d s o u t h we s t of t h e Koh-i -Chehel buz
in Ghazni pr ovi nce. Se e a l s o Tamqol. (LWA)
TUNDI u&
34- 69-. A vi l l a ge in Laghman. I nhabi t ant s : Tara Khel Ghi l zai s.
Thi s pl a c e is pr obabl y on t h e Al i shang r i ve r , not f a r nor t h of its
j unct i on wi t h t h e Al i ngar. (Warburton. )
*TUNDKHUY ,+ &-
35-16 69-38 m. A vi l l a ge near Pezgar an, on a t r i but a r y of t h e
Panj s hi r r i ve r , i n Kapi sa pr ovi nce.
TUNKHANA
A pas s over t h e Hindu Kush--see "Zak".
TUPAKAL &
A t r i b e of Kafi r Si a hpos h, who i nha bi t t h e val l ey o f I nka r whi ch
t h e y have hel d some c e n t u r i e s pa s t . They a r e near l y a l l Musl i ns by
pr of e s s i on, but a r e n e v e r t h e l e s s c o n s i d e r e d by t h e i r n e i g h b o r s o f
t h a t f a i t h t o b e wor s e t h a n t h e Kaf i r s gener al l y. (Raverty. )
TU RA N
One of t he two main d i v i s i o n s of t h e Ghi l z a i s .
TURGAN Jb
33- 68-. A gl e n d r a i n i n g w e s t t o t h e Ghazni r i v e r .
TURKER >S
33- 69-. A vi l l a ge of t h e Ahmad Khel J a j i s , s i t u a t e d on t h e r i g h t
bank o f t h e Kurram r i ve r , s o u t h of A l i Khel.
TURKOMAN DARA See SHAIKH ALI HAZARAS
~ J J crS;
TUTAMDARA 'J' FS
35-5 69-12 m. El evat i on 5, 270 f e e t . A l a r g e vi l l a ge s i t uat ed a t
t h e n o r t h e a s t c o r n e r o f t h e g r e a t pl ai n of t h e Koh Daman, 46 mi l e s
n o r t h of Kabul, and c o n s i s t i n g o f a c ompa c t g r o u p of about 100
hous e s . The r oad l e a d i n g down t h e Ghor band val l ey c r o s s e s t h e
s t r e a m by a wooden b r i d g e near t h i s vi l l age. The s pa n is 35 f eet ,
and t h e b r i d g e can t a k e f i e l d g u n s and l a d e n camel s. The volume of
t h e r i v e r is h e r e much r e d u c e d by t h e f o u r l a r g e canal s , whi ch t ake
o f f f r om t h e r i g h t bank near t h e mout h of t h e val l ey. The road
a f t e r l e a vi ng
t h e b r i d g e c r o s s e s t h r e e o f t h e s e canal s , e a c h 15 f e e t
wi de and 6 f e e t d e e p , and l i n e d wi t h s p o i l ba nks , and t h e n a s c e nds a
rise o f 75 f e e t on t o t h e daman a t t h e Tut amdar a vi l l age, wher e it
c r o s s e s t h e f o u r t h canal , whi c h r u n s al ong j u s t i n s i d e t h e t o p of
t h e rise.
Th e r e is a ve r y good site f o r a campi ng gr ound on t h e daman near t h e
vi l l a ge b u t w e l l c l e a r o f t h e vi l l a ge wa t e r s u p p l y from t h e canal.
S u p p l i e s and camel - gr azi ng a r e pl e nt i f ul .
The t o p of t h e rise on t o t h e daman a f f o r d s an e x c e l l e n t pos i t i on t o
c l o s e t h e e x i t f r om t h e val l ey. On t h e 29t h Se pt e mbe r 1840, a
Br i t i s h f o r c e u n d e r Gener al Sir Robe r t Sal e e nc ount e r e d h e r e a par t y
o f Kohi s t a ni s who were f r i e n d l y t o t h e c a u s e o f Dos t Muhammad Khan.
"On a r r i vi ng i n f r o n t of Tut amdara, h e f ound t h e enemy pos t e d in a
v e r y s t r o n g p o s i t i o n . A v i l l a g e s u r r o u n d e d by g a r d e n wal l s,
de f e nde d by a s m a l l f o r t and sever al det ached t ower s, commanded t he
undul a t i ng gr ound bel ow t h e h i g h and s t e e p h i l l s whi ch bound t h e
' Ghor band' p a s s t o t h e s o u t h , and a c ha i n o f t h e i r d e t a c h e d f o r t s
wi t hi n mu s k e t r a nge , r e s p e c t i v e l y o f t h e vi l l a ge and e a c h ot he r ,
e x t e n d e d t o t h e e a s t wa r d o f t h e vi l l age; one o f t h e s e f o r t s , a
he xa gona l s t r u c t u r e wi t h t o we r s a t t h e a n g l e s , was of cons i der abl e
s t r e n g t h . The rear, or n o r t h of t h e pos i t i on, was d e f e n d e d by a
d e e p canal c a r r i e d al ong t h e h i g h gr ound a bove t h e Ghor band r i ver ,
t h e vale below was ent i r el y cover ed wi t h gar dens, beyond which again
r o s e t h e r o c k y h i l l s t o t h e n o r t h o f t h e pa s s .
"A p a r t y o f t h e enemy was dr a wn u p i n f r o n t o f t h e vi l l a ge pr ot e c t e d
by a mound, a s e c ond o c c u p i e d t h e f a c e of t h e h i l l t o t h e west of
t h e vi l l a ge , and t h e t o we r s and f o r t s we r e ga r r i s one d by mat chl ock-
men, who ope ne d a b r i s k f i r e on t h e pa r t y o f caval r y s e n t in
a dva nc e t o r e c onnoi t r e .
"The Gr e na di e r Company o f t h e 3 7 t h Nat i ve I nf a nt r y, a pa r t y of Her
Maj est y' s 1 3 t h L i g h t I nf a nt r y, Shah Shuj a ' s 2nd Caval ry, and t wo 6-
pounder guns, under Li eut enant Warburton, were di r ect ed t o clear t he
hi l l t o t h e l e f t , and t h e n t o t a k e t h e pos i t i on of t h e enemy f l ank,
and c o o p e r a t e wi t h t h e o t h e r p a r t i e s e n g a g e d i n c l e a r i ng t h e vil-
l age.
"Two companies of Her Majesty' s 13t h Li ght I nf ant r y were det ached to
t h e r i g h t t o t a k e p o s s e s s i o n of t wo of t h e smal l d e t a c h e d f o r t s , in
whi c h ope r a t i on t h e y were s u p p o r t e d by t h r e e 9- pounder g u n s under
Capt ai n Abbot. The f i r e from t h e s e g u n s was a l s o, a s oppor t uni t y
o f f e r e d , d i r e c t e d on t h e t o we r s and o t h e r d e f e n s e s of t h e vi l l age,
wi t h t h e vi ew of d i s l o d g i n g t h e enemy from t h e i r a dva nt a ge ous posi -
t i on, and f a c i l i t a t i ng t h e a dva nc e of t h e i nf a nt r y. Th e s e opera-
t i ons were crowned wi t h corn pl e t e s ucces s .
"The pr i nc i pa l col umn of a t t a c k , c o n s i s t i n g o f t h e r emai nder of Her
Maj est y' s 1 3 t h L i g h t I nf a nt r y, t wo compani es of t h e 27t h ~ a t i v e
I nf a nt r y, and t h e Li g h t Company o f t h e Nat i ve I nf a nt r y, was t he n
o r d e r e d t o a dva nc e and moved on t h e vi l l a ge a t a r a pi d pace. The
enemy c ont i nue d t h e i r f i r e till t h e h e a d s of t h e compani es were
wi t hi n 50 p a c e s o f t h e wal l s, when t h e y f l e d wi t h pr e c i pi t a t i on
a c r o s s t h e r i ve r , and ove r gr ound whe r e t h e y coul d not be f ol l owed
by t h e caval r y.
The g a r r i s o n o f t h e l a r g e f o r t s e e i n g t h e p o s i t i o n b o t h t o t h e i r
r i g h t and l e f t t h u s i n t h e p o s s e s s i o n o f o u r t r o o p s , and Capt ai n
Abbot ' s g u n s i n b a t t e r y o p p o s i t e t h e g a t e , abandoned t h e p o s t and
e s c a p e d t h r o u g h a wi c k e t whi c h, ope ni ng t o t h e s o u t h , was c o v e r e d
from t h e f i r e o f t h e det achment . "
The l o s s on t h i s oc c a s i on was s l i g h t a s t o number s, b u t r e a l l y g r e a t
from t h e f a c t t h a t it i n c l u d e d t h e br i l l i a nt and t a l e n t e d o f f i c e r ,
Capt ai n Edwar d Connol l y, who was h e r e s h o t t h r o u g h t h e hear t .
( Leech, Masson, Sale.)
TUTU #$
El evat i on a b o u t 5, 100 f e e t . A l a r g e c o l l e c t i o n of f o r t s and haml et s
i n t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t and i n t h e Khugi ani s u b d i v i s i o n o f t h a t
d i s t r i c t . I t lies a bout 6 m i l e s s o u t h we s t of Gandamak. Th e r e is
much c ul t i va t i on h e r e and wat er is us ual l y abundant . The i nhabi -
t a n t s a r e Sh e r z a d Khugi ani s, and t h e p l a c e is c e l e b r a t e d f o r t h e
e x c e l l e n c e o f t h e k n i v e s it p r o d u c e s . Some o f t h e Br i t i s h c a p t i v e s
o f t h e ol d war were q u a r t e r e d i n Tut u and t h e mal i ks o f t h e pl a c e
p r o d u c e d , d u r i n g t h e campai gn o f 1879-80, some relics and c e r t i f i -
c a t e s from t h e s e c a p t i v e s . (I.B.C.)
*UBAGAK
cb +'
34-28 68-7 m. A v i l l a g e near Pas i naqol on t h e Helmand r i v e r in
Maidan pr ovi nce.
UBAZAKA See A 0 BAZAK
UD KOL (AOKOL)
A p l a c e i n t h e J aghur i Hazara count r y.
UGHAZ See OGHAZ
, L\
UJARISTAN &P'
33-4 66-13 G. A v a l l e y i n t h e c e n t e r of t h e Ha z a r a j a t .
UKOR I d'
A vi l l a ge in t h e Ghi l zai c ount r y, a bout 30 miles n o r t h of l a k e Ab-i-
I s t ada. (Outram.) A pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is l o c a t e d a t 32-52 67-53
G. (LWA)
ULAB-I-GARDAN
A p l a c e i n t h e Besud count r y.
ULAMA
A s e c t i o n of Daul at pai Besud Hazar as.
ULANG a,\
33-9 67-8 m. A vi l l a ge on a t r i b u t a r y o f t h e J angal i Rud, a t t h e
f o o t o f t h e Koh-i -Khushqul , i n G hazni pr ovi nce.
ULANGASH a,'
34- 67-. A vi l l a ge in Bamian, s i t u a t e d in t h e Sai yi dabad Tagao.
ULUMBULUKSANG
33- 67-. A l o c a l i t y i n Mal i st an.
ULYAR
I n t he Dai Kundi count r y.
UMAR KHAN dL*
33- 68-. A vi l l a ge i n Kharwar, c ont a i ni ng 20 h o u s e s o f Ghi l zai s,
( Gr i es bach. )
*UMARKHAN KALAY ~ c i +
34-37 70-27 m, A vi l l a ge near Dogar, s ome 10 m i l e s west - nor t hwest
o f Shi wa i n Nangar har pr ovi nc e ,
UMARKHEL &H
34-46 69-40 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e Tagab a bout 6 miles s o u t h of Tagab
i n Kapi sa pr ovi nc e .
* UMAY dl1
33-48 68-51 m. A vi l l age nor t h of Nawa-i-Kharwar and w e s t of Charkh
i n Logar pr ovi nce.
UMK I &I
A vi l l a ge near Sai yi dabad, on t h e Kabul and Ghazni r oad. Suppl i es
p l e n t i f u l , e s p e c i a l l y i n t h e way o f l i ve - s t oc k. (Montgomery.)
UMRAZ Or MARZ ~ P J
35-22 69-38 A. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Pa nj s hi r val l ey, 17 m i l e s from t h e
crest o f t h e Khawak p a s s ove r t h e Hi ndu Kush. I t cont ai ns 300
h o u s e s o f t h e Zamarat Khel t r i be . (Leech. )
( Thi s is pr obabl y t h e same as Marz, b u t t h e latter is about 300
miles f r om t h e Khawak.)
UNA I j l r
34-27 68-22 A. El evat i on a bout 11, 000 f e e t . A p a s s ove r t h e water-
s h e d b e t we e n t h e Helmand and Kabul r i v e r ba s i ns ; it is c r os s e d by
t h e main Kabul-Herat r oad a t a bout 49 miles west of t h e former
pl ace. The a s c e n t f r om t h e e a s t is r a t h e r s t e e p and s l i p p e r y i n wet
we a t he r and t h e r oad is o b s t r u c t e d by f a l l e n s t o n e s and gr ani t i c
boul de r s . The whol e o f t h e r oad ove r t h e p a s s is, however , pr act i c-
abl e, wi t h v e r y s l i g h t i mpr ovement f o r f i e l d a r t i l l e r y. The de s c e nt
on t h e west is gr a dua l and c o n s i s t s of a s u c c e s s i o n of 2 or 3
kot a l s . The h i l l s f o r a bout a m i l e on e i t h e r s i d e o f t h e road are
pr a c t i c a bl e f o r i nf a nt r y. (I.B.C., Wanliss.) A vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s
name is l o c a t e d a t 34-26 68-25 G. (LWA)
UNAMAK
dl;\
35- 69-. A g r o u p o f ha ml e t s i n t h e Sal ang Dara, a bout 16 3/4 miles
a bove Parwan. They c ont a i n some 150 h o u s e s i n all and have t hi c k
and e x t e n s i v e o r c h a r d s . (I.B.C.)
UNCHI See INCHU
&'
UNI SAIYIDAN J4- jlr
33-58 69-1. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Logar d i s t r i c t and on t h e l e f t bank of
t h a t r i ve r , 2 miles s o u t h we s t o f Hi sar ak. The i nha bi t a nt s ar e
Sa i yi ds and Taj i ks , and i n 1880 t h e pl a c e c ont a i ne d 250 families.
(Euan Smith. )
UNI SUPLA JL. dl'
34- 69-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Logar val l ey, t o t h e s o u t h of the ~ a n g i
Wag hj an. I nha bi t a nt s : Hot ak Ghi l zai s. In 1880 t h e pl a c e c ons i s t e d
o f t wo f o r t s , and c ont a i ne d 20 f ami l i es.
UNKAI
, , & I
34- 68-.
A vi l l a ge 54 m i l e s s o u t h we s t o f Kabul and 4 m i l e s west of
t h e r oad t o Ghazni . ( Thor nt on. )
*URDU 9 JJ'
34-11 68-37 m. A vi l l age near Badqol and t h e st r eam of t h e same
name in Maidan pr ovi nce.
URDU SHAH
A s e c t i on of t h e Dai Kundi Hazaras.
URETI $J'
35- 69-. A smal l dar a dr ai ni ng i nt o t h e Salang Dara, whi ch it
j oi ns from t h e w e s t a t about 23 m i l e s above Parwan. Near t h e junc-
t i on of t h e t wo da r a s is t h e s m a l l vi l l age of Bagh-i-Dala, cont ai n-
i ng 30 hous e s , many o r c h a r d s and a t ank. (I.B.C.)
URGUN "97)'
32-54 69-9. Urgun is a wol eswal i i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce. The wol eswal i
compr i s es an ar ea of 574 s qua r e ki l omet er s and has an a gr i c ul t ur a l
popul at i on t h a t ha s been es t i mat ed a t from 12, 458 t o 17, 575. The
wol eswal i is bounded i n t h e w e s t by Sarhawza, i n t h e nor t h by Zel uk,
in t h e e a s t by Sper ah and Gayan, and in t h e s out h by Barmal and
Sarobi. Urgun ha s some 36 vi l l ages , 11 of whi ch have more t ha n 500
i nhabi t ant s. The vi l l ages a r e l i s t e d in t h e PG a s f ol l ows:
Sayed Hasan, Ahangaran, Ghundai , Manda Sayedan, Qala-i-Khwaja Hasan,
Bahadur Khel, Changal ai , Qala-i-Murgha, Farari, Gulak, Bandi, Mus-
hki , Khandar, Dahana, Barakat, Hamborwan (Ambarwan), Faqi ran, Chana
Khor, Urgon-i-Kalan, Melati-Kalan, Qara Khel, Dara-i-Urgon, Shenkai -
i-Khurd, Shenkai-i-Kalan, Sar k h a t , Pus ht i - i - J a dr a n, Qal a-i -Muft i ,
Bal esh- i - Kal an, Kamran, Kh a l e q d a d , Na s r ul l a h, Pi r Kot i , Hesa-i -
Do wom-i-Pirkoti, Qala-i-Musa, Janai, Shai k ha, Gal arddi n, Chank ho
Kalai, and Qala-i-Bondi. ( LWA) In 1912 t h i s ar ea was de s c r i be d a s
fol l ows: A l a r g e f o r t i f i e d t own and ci vi l s t a t i on i n Birmal, and t h e
r e s i de nc e of t h e Governor of t h a t d i s t r i c t . I t ha s a ve r y mixed
popul at i on of about 1,000 f ami l i es in al l , t h e i nha bi t a nt s bei ng
most l y Taj i ks who a r e sai d t o be l a r ge l y occupi ed in smel t i ng i r on;
t h e r e a r e al s o a l a r g e number of Hindu s hop- ke e pe r s . I t lies on a
d i r e c t road from Bannu t o Ghazni a t about 63 m i l e s from t h e l a t t e r
pl ace. Ther e a r e sai d t o be 2 powder and 3 f l i n t l oc k f a c t o r i e s
her e. A l a r g e maidan a f f o r d s a good site f o r a campi ng gr ound;
s uppl i e s of a l l s o r t s a r e avai l abl e i n l a r ge qua nt i t i e s , and ampl e
wat er from kar ez.
The gar r i s on of Urgun c o n s i s t s of 2 s qua dr ons of caval r y, 6 mountain
guns, 3 bat t al i ons of i nf a nt r y, and 900 khasadar s. Fl our f o r t h e
t r oops is sai d t o be br ought from Zurmat, t h e r e bei ng little cul t i -
vat i on in t h e nei ghbor hood of Urgun. Urgun i t s e l f , and t h e c ount r y
f o r a f ew m i l e s around it, a ppe a r s t o be occupi ed by Taj i ks but all
t h e s ur r oundi ng count r y o u t s i d e is in t h e ha nds of t h e Khar ot i
Ghi l z a i s . ( I . B. ~ . )
UFUIIR Or URMUL ( J- 1 ) adJ
35-25 71-19 m. A Kafir vi l l age on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Bashgul ,
near t h e j unct i on of t h e Ni chi ngul , I t is t h e Kam f r ont i e r vi l l age
towards t he Madugal country and contains 20 houses. The br i dge over
t h e Ni chi ngul , over whi ch g o e s t h e road up t h e main val l ey, is some
200 or 300 ya r ds from Urmir. ( Rober t son. )
*URMUL See URMIR &A#'
URMUR PA#'
34- 70-. A vi l l age in Laghman, on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Kabul
r i ve r , about 18 m i l e s w e s t of t h e Darunta pa s s . I t c o n s i s t s of t wo
haml et s, vi z.
1. Banda-i-Bahawaldin 2. ~ a n d a - i-Din Muhammad
The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Mamozais. (Warburton. )
URT See YURT c ; ~ \
URZA *h
35- 69-. A p a s s whi ch l e a d s from Umraz i n t h e Panj shi r val l ey over
t h e Hindu Kush. I t is sel dom f r e e from snow, and on t h a t account is
n o t pas s abl e f o r animals. ( Leech .)
Suppos i ng Umraz t o be t h e same a s Marz, t h e Urza p a s s is probably
i d e n t i c a l wi t h t h e Zuria.
USBIN Or WUZBIN i4
34-44 69-50 m. A r i v e r whi ch, r i s i ng i n t h e s p u r of t h e Hindu ~ u s h
be t we e n t h e val l eys of t h e Tagao and Al i shang, j oi ns t h e Kabul ri ver
near l y nor t h o f J agdal ak, a bout 50 m i l e s above Jalalabad. I t has a
s h o r t c our s e , and its val l ey is i nha bi t e d by Ghi l zai s. (Elphin-
st one. ) A vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 34-44 69-47 G. (LWA)
USGUNAJAI See WAZGHUNAJUI ~k 4,
*USHAY &>'
35-1 71-19 m. A vi l l age on t h e Kunar r i ve r , about 2 m i l e s s out hwes t
of As ma r i n Kunar pr ovi nce.
USHTARGIRAN
3\J"\
35-7 69-18 m. "A t owns hi p, or gr oup of vi l l ages , on t h e l e f t bank
of t h e Panj s hi r , compr i s i ng a l t o g e t h e r 500 hous e s o f Tajiks. The
d i f f e r e n t vi l l a ge s a r e Sh e r Khan Khel, I z z a t Khel, Panah Khel, Baku
Khan, Tabazar, She ka j Khel, Lat i f Khel, Toghak and Jamal Aka. The
o r c h a r d s a r e e x t e n s i v e , and s o i s t h e cul t i vat i on. Char i kar is 10
m i l e s s o u t h we s t of Baku Khan." ( Shahzada Taimus.)
*USMANKHEL
Jp "b
33-38 69-12 m. A vi l l age s o u t h of Tut akhel , about 10 miles nor t h-
e a s t o f Gar dez i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce. Anot her vi l l age wi t h t h i s name
1s on t h e Azraw Dara about 2 m i l e s w e s t of Azraw in Logar provi nce
a t 34-10 69-35 m.
USTAM
A v i l l a g e i n Daraz Kol.
USTAR SHAHR See SHUTUR SHAHR
UTAHDARI
A c l a n of t he Kam Kaf i r s .
UTAK O r ATAK (&I )&p
33-1 67-59 m. A l a r a e f o r t in t h e Jamrud d i s t r i c t of Ghazni, 249
m i l e s from Que t t a and -46 miles from Ghazni by t h e d i r e c t road.
The
i nha bi t a nt s a r e Popal zai Durani s, and t h e r e a r e some vi l l ages near.
(Campbell .)
UTARMA Or VATERMEH LA'
34-17 66-9 A. An or di nar y f o r t of some s i z e in t h e Tal khak valley.
UTIPURI-GHULAK
JJ+ j>'
34-44 66-48 G.
A vi l l age in Yakh Walang, 7 1/2 miles nor t hwe s t of
Zari, near t o t h e r oad l e a di ng t h e n c e down t h e Band-i-Amir val l ey.
(Maitland.) A vi l l a ge cal l ed Ut pur is l oc a t e d a t 34-36 68-10 m.,
a not he r cal l ed Ut apur is a t 35-3 68-40 m. (LWA)
UTKHEL Or WUTKHEL
&&'
34- 69-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Kabul d i s t r i c t , near t h e j unct i on o f t h e
Kabul and Logar r i ve r s , on t h e l e f t bank o f t h e f or mer . The r e a r e
200 h o u s e s i n t h e pl ace; i nha bi t a nt s a l l Ghi l zai s. Much cul t i va-
t i on. (Kennedy. ) Vi l l ages wi t h t h i s name a r e l oc a t e d a t 34-38 69-
42 A., and 34-32 69-17 m. (LWA)
UTPUR
rc;'
34-29 68-12 G. A f o r t i f i e d haml et on t h e l e f t bank o f t h e Helmand,
about 4 m i l e s above Farakhul m sar ai .
*UZBAGH (&;\) tbi
34-34 70-40 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e Kunar, some 5 miles e a s t of Shi wa
i n Nangar har pr ovi nce.
UZBI N See USBIN -9'
UZHAMEZHALGUL J&9
35- 70-. One of t h e main h e a d s of t h e Pech r i ver - - see "Ni chi ngul . "
VIRUN t ~ u 3
The name gi ve n t o t h e i nha bi t a nt s o f t h e Pr e s ungul by t h e i r Muslim
neig hbors--see "Pech ."
WAD AT
L; Jf
34-23 69-45 G. A haml et of s i x hous e s , i nha bi t e d by Maruf Khel
Ghi l zai s, on t h e r oad be t we e n t h e J agdal ak and Karkacha p a s s e s .
( St ewar t . )
WADAWU 9 ' 3
34-57 70-21 m. A vi l l a ge near Nengara i n t h e Alingar-Kolatan Dara
in Lag hman pr ovi nce.
WADER See SAFI , J\J
WAD I HU P a)
A Kafir cl an i nha bi t i ng t h e val l ey of I nkar . A f e w of t hem a r e
Muslims. (Ravert y. )
* WADQOL & A\,
35- 20 69- 33 m. A v i l l a g e on t h e P a n j s h i r r i v e r , a b o u t 3 miles
n o r t h e a s t of Bazarak i n Kapisa pr ovi nce. Anot her pl a c e wi t h t h i s
name is about 1 m i l e n o r t h e a s t of Wadkhol a t 35-21 69-34 m.
WAGA JAN See WAGHJAN c, W
WAGH
A pl a c e i n t h e Muhammad Khwa j a Hazara count r y.
WAGHJAN Or WAGA J AN
cj k'f
34-9 69-5 m. A Tajik vi l l age in t h e Logar d i s t r i c t , t o t h e nor t h of
t h e r i d g e s e pa r a t i ng t h e u p p e r from t h e l owe r por t i on o f t h e val l ey.
Thi s r i d g e is pi e r c e d by a d e f i l e , known a s t h e Tangi Waghjan,
t h r o u g h whi ch t h e Logar r i ve r r uns. The vi l l age s t a n d s on t h e l e f t
bank of t h e r i ve r , c l o s e t o ~al a- i - Rahi m Khan. I t c ont a i ns about
500 hous e s . Water abundant . Fo d d e r f o r 4, 000 ani mal s f o r one day
and 400 maunds o f gr a i n is pr oc ur a bl e wi t hi n 5 m i l e s of t h i s vil-
l a ge . Fuel a l s o is obt ai nabl e. Th e b e s t r o u t e f o r all ar ms passi ng
f r om Kabul t o t h e Uppe r Logar , or v i c e ve r s a , is t o Zargan Shahar or
by t h e Dado Khel d e f i l e j u s t a bove Zargan Sha ha r , b o t h bei ng used
f o r a l a r g e f o r c e , a s t h e pl a i ns n o r t h and s o u t h a r e br oad and admit
o f t h e mar ch o f pa r a l l e l col umns. Th e r oad t h r o u g h t h e t a n g i is f i t
f o r caval r y, i nf a nt r y, and b a g g a g e ani mal s, on b o t h s i d e s of t h e
r i ve r , b u t ve r y d i f f i c u l t f o r whe e l e d guns . I.B.C., Euan Smith,
Cl i f f o r d , J ohns t on. )
WAHID DEH * ' w
34- 67-. A v i l l a g e o f 40 Ta j i k h o u s e s i n t h e Bamian val l ey.
(A.B.C.)
WAIGALAK
35-10 70-21 m. An a r e a on t h e ~ar a- i - Kol um i n Laghman pr ovi nce.
4
WAIGUL A '3
A t r i b e o f Kaf i r s who l i v e i n t h e Wai gul and Amzhi val l eys , t ri bu-
t a r i e s o f t h e l owe r Pech. The y s p e a k a l a ngua ge q u i t e d i f f e r e n t
f r om t h a t s p o k e n i n Pr es ungul - - t he u p p e r Pech--or by t h e Si ahpos h,
and a r e a br ave, h i g h s p i r i t e d r ace, r emar kabl e f o r t h e i r hospi t al -
i t y , and f o r t h e i r p r o n e n e s s t o qua r r e l . A t p r e s e n t it seems t h a t
t h e r e is no v e r y s t r o n g t r i b a l f e e l i n g a mongs t t h e Wai, f o r t h e y a r e
p e r p e t u a l l y f i g h t i n g among st t he ms e l ve s . They are r oughl y estimated
a t 5, 500 s o u l s and a r e s a i d t o own t e n vi l l a ge s , of whi ch t h e names
gi ve n t o Robe r t s on were a s f ol l ows : Runchi , Ni zhai , Jamma, Amzhi,
Chi mi on, Kegi l i , Akun o r Akum, Mi l desh, Bar gul and Prai nt a. Nizhai,
near t h e Pe c h r i ve r , is be l i e ve d t o b e t h e r e s i d e n c e of a very
e n e r g e t i c Mulla who h a s e i t h e r c o n v e r t e d t h e p e o p l e t o Islam, or
k e e p s t hem s t e a d f a s t i n t h e i r new f a i t h .
Bar r ow' s " Ga z e t t e e r o f t h e Ea s t e r n Hi ndu Kush" c ont a i ns t h e fol l ow-
i ng r e g a r d i n g t h e Wai gul i s:
The y a r e s u b d i v i d e d i n t o 1 8 cl ans . In t h e Dara-i-Nur a r e conver t ed
Waigulis, who have abandoned t h e national cost ume and adopt ed cotton
c l o t h e s . Bi d d u l p h n o t i c e s t h e f ol l owi ng pe c ul i a r i t i e s i n t he i r
d r e s s : "On t h e i r f e e t t h e y wear r u d e s a n d a l s o f goat - s ki n, wi t h a
t u f t o f hai r on t h e i n s t e p a s a de c or a t i on. The women wear l ong
s a c k- l i ke ga r me t s of bl ack woven g o a t ' s hai r wi t h l ong l oos e
s l e e v e s and a c ol our e d c o t t o n s c a r f bound t i g h t l y ove r t h e s h o d -
d e r s . The i r hai r t h e y wear pl a i t e d i n a number of t h i n pl ai t s,
whi c h a r e c oi l e d away unde r t h e head dr e s s . " ( Robe r t s on, Masson,
Raver t y, Bi ddul ph. ) The s t r eam wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 34-59
70-54. (LWA)
WAKHE KOH See DASHT-I -REWAT
#!LANG Al so see WOLANG
J4
35-16 69-6 m. A name s omet i mes a p p l i e d t o t h e Sal ang Kotal--see
Sa 1 ang .
WALANG
a
35-17 67-7 A. A g r a s s y campi ng gr ound, a bout 300 y a r d s wi de, a t t h e
head o f t h e Ejan Dara, a bout 1 5 miles f r om t h e poi nt whe r e t h e
l a t t e r j oi ns t h e Sal ang Dara. Th e r e is some c ul t i va t i on he r e , and
t h e pl a c e is much r e s o r t e d t o i n s p r i n g and summer. The r e is pl ent y
of wat er , and g r a s s is a bunda nt till f a i r l y l a t e i n t h e year ; f ue l
is s c a n t y and c o n s i s t s o f smal l s h r u b s onl y. (I.B.C.)
WALANGAK
a,
34-43 67-18 m. A s m a l l val l ey d e s c e n d i n g nor t h from t h e Koh-i-Baba
t o Karghanat u. Thi s is a l s o s p e l l e d Wolangak. (LWA)
WALI AN 3 '4
35-36 68-52 A. A p a s s ove r t h e Hi ndu Kush. I t lies a t t h e head o f
t h e Nimakao gl e n, be t we e n t h e Kaoshan p a s s on t h e e a s t and t h e
Chapdar a on t h e west. I t is c r o s s e d by a r oad l e a di ng from t h e
Ghorband val l ey t o t h a t o f Khinjan. The r e a r e r eal l y t wo k o t a l s a t
t h e s u m m i t , and of t h e s e t h e more we s t e r l y (on t h e l e f t goi ng t o-
war ds Khi nj an), is t h e Walian pr ope r ; it is s ai d t o be pr a c t i c a bl e
f o r Af ghan camel s. The o t h e r kot al , cal l ed t h e Loani, or Loahani ,
is a s hor t - c ut i mpr a c t i c a bl e even f o r yabus. A t t h e t o p of t h e p a s s
is a st r eam whi c h r u n s f o r a s h o r t way down t h e nor t he r n s l ope ; i n
pl a c e s it r u n s unde r gr ound b u t wat er is s ai d t o b e e a s i l y obt ai nabl e
i n any p a r t of t h e wa t e r c our s e by s c r a pi ng away t h e s h i n g l y s ur f a c e .
A little way bel ow t h e summit, on t h e Khinjan s i d e , a f o o t p a t h
s t r i k e s o f f t o t h e e a s t ; t h i s l e a d s ove r t h e wa t e r s he d t o t h e head
of t h e Changalawez gl en and t he n down t h e latter t o t h e Kaoshan gl en
whi ch it j oi ns near Maidan-i-Khuni. (I.B.C.)
WALID (4)4
34-27 70-22. A vi l l a ge in t h e Sur kha b di vi s i on o f t h e Jal al abad
d i s t r i c t , s i t u a t e d on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Sur kha b r i ve r , 2 m i l e s
above its j unct i on wi t h t h e Kabul and near l y o p p o s i t e D e h-i-Balo.
I nhabi t ant s : Tajik s and G hi l zai s. ( Jen k yns.)
*WALI KHEL $L JJ
34-45 69-40 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e Tagab r i ve r , a bout 7 miles s o u t h o f
Tagab i n Kapi sa pr ovi nce.
WALI MUHAMMAD
34-14 69-15. A f o r t i n t h e Kabul d i s t r i c t , s i t u a t e d t o t h e e a s t of
Bini Hi sar, on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Logar r i ver . Si d e s of t h i s
s qua r e f o r t 50 y a r d s l ong. (Kennedy. )
WAMA ' >
A Kafir t r i b e who i nha bi t t h e I nkar val l ey. Some f e w o f t hem have
become Mus l i ms . They a r e a l s o cal l ed Sanu Kaf i r s, or La1 Kaf i r s,
and a r e d e s c r i b e d a s a merry, j ovi al pe opl e . Accor di ng t o Tanner ,
t h e y l i v e i n t h e u p p e r e nd o f t h e Pech Dara, b u t St e wa r t pl a c e s t hem
on t h e e a s t s i d e o f t h e Al i ngar r i ve r , and r e c k o n s t hem a t a bout
4,000 f i g h t i n g men. ( Raver t y, Tanner , St ewar t . )
WAMA Or TSRANU 4
35-7 70-45 m. A Si a hpos h vi l l age o f about 200 h o u s e s i n t h e Pech
val l ey i n Nur i st an a bout 55 m i l e s above Chi gha r Serai . Thi s por t i on
of t h e val l ey is known a s Parun. The vi l l age is on t h e r i g h t bank
of t h e r i ve r whe r e t h e r i ve r is f or da bl e a s w e l l a s b r i d g e d over .
The h o u s e s a r e c l u s t e r e d t o g e t h e r i n a ve r y s t r o n g nat ur al pos i t i on,
p e r c h e d h i g h above t h e r i ver . On its s o u t h s i d e is a 500 f e e t
c l i f f , whi l e on t h e r i v e r s i d e t h e s p u r on whi ch it s t a n d s d r o p s
pe r pe ndi c ul a r l y t o t h e wa t e r ' s e d g e . The hi l l s be hi nd a r e unscal e-
abl e, and t h e vi l l a ge is r e a c he d by a narrow pa t h whi ch cl i mbs up a
"chimney" on t h e n o r t h e a s t s i d e . The vi l l age is not wal l ed. Thi s
name is a l s o a p p l i e d t o t h e val l ey a s h o r t d i s t a n c e above and bel ow
t h e vi l l age. A company o f s a p p e r s is camped h e r e i n s u mme r t o
r e pa i r t h e r o a d s and s upe r i nt e nd t h e f l oa t i ng of t i mber down t h e
r i v e r .
Kaf i l as camp h e r e on t h e r i ve r banks . Suppl i e s a r e p l e n t i f u l from
t h e v i l l a g e . (I.B.c., N.I.)
500 hous e s . Water abundant . Fodde r f o r 4,000 ani mal s f o r one day
and 400 maunds o f gr ai n is pr ocur abl e wi t hi n 5 miles of t h i s vil-
l age. Fuel a l s o is obt ai nabl e. The b e s t r o u t e f o r all ar ms passi ng
from Kabul t o t h e Upper Logar, or vi c e ver sa, is t o Zargan Shahar or
by t h e Dado Khel d e f i l e j u s t above Zargan Shahar , bot h bei ng used
f o r a l a r g e f or c e , a s t h e pl ai ns nor t h and s o u t h a r e br oad and admi t
o f t h e march of par al l el col umns. The r oad t h r o u g h t h e t a ngi is f i t
f o r caval r y, i nf a nt r y, and ba gga ge animals, on bot h s i d e s of t h e
r i ver , but ve r y d i f f i c u l t f o r wheel ed guns . I.B.C., Euan Smith,
Cl i f f o r d , Johnst on. )
IAHID DEH a'*
34- 67-. A v i l l a g e o f 40 Taj i k h o u s e s i n t h e Bamian val l ey.
(A.B.C.)
#A IGALAK
35-10 70-21 m. An ar ea on t h e Dara-i-Kolum i n Lag hman pr ovi nce.
6
KAIGUL & 'J
A t r i b e of Kaf i r s who l i v e in t h e Waigul and Amzhi val l eys, t r i bu-
t a r i e s of t h e l owe r Pech. They s pe a k a l a ngua ge q u i t e d i f f e r e n t
from t h a t s p o k e n i n Pr esungul - t he u p p e r Pech--or by t h e Si a hpos h,
and a r e a br ave, hi gh s p i r i t e d r ace, r emar kabl e f o r t h e i r hospi t al -
i t y, and f o r t h e i r pr one ne s s t o quar r el . A t p r e s e n t it seems t h a t
t h e r e is no ve r y s t r o n g t r i ba l f e e l i ng amongs t t h e Wai, f o r t h e y a r e
pe r pe t ua l l y f i g ht i ng among st t hemsel ves. They ar e r oughl y estimated
a t 5,500 s o u l s and a r e sai d t o own t e n vi l l ages , of whi ch t h e names
gi ve n t o Rober t son wer e a s f ol l ows: Runchi , Nizhai, Jamma, Amzhi,
Chimion, Kegili, Akun o r Akum, Mi l desh, Bar gul and Prai nt a. Nizhai,
near t h e Pech r i ve r , is bel i eved t o be t h e r e s i d e n c e of a ver y
e n e r g e t i c Mulla who ha s e i t h e r c onve r t e d t h e pe opl e t o Islam, or
k e e p s t hem s t e a d f a s t i n t h e i r new f a i t h.
Barrow' s "Gazet t eer of t h e Ea s t e r n Hindu Kush" c ont a i ns t h e fol l ow-
i ng r e ga r di ng t h e Waigulis:
They a r e s ubdi vi de d i nt o 18 cl ans. In t h e Dara-i-Nur a r e conver t ed
Waigulis, who have abandoned t h e national costume and adopt ed cot t on
c l o t h e s . Bi d d u l p h n o t i c e s t h e f ol l owi ng pe c ul i a r i t i e s i n t he i r
d r e s s : "On t h e i r f e e t t h e y wear r u d e s a nda l s of goat - ski n, wi t h a
t u f t of hai r on t h e i n s t e p a s a decor at i on. The women wear l ong
s ack- l i ke ga r me t s of bl ack woven goa t ' s hai r wi t h l ong l oos e
s l e e v e s and a col our ed c ot t on s c a r f bound t i g h t l y over t h e shoul -
d e r s . Thei r hai r t h e y wear pl ai t ed i n a number of t h i n pl ai t s ,
whi ch a r e coi l ed away under t h e head dr es s . " ( Rober t son, Masson,
Raver t y, Bi ddul ph. ) The st r eam wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 34-59
70-54. (LWA)
WAKHE ROH .See DASHT-I-REWAT &\J
WALANG Also see WOLANG
JJJ
35-16 69-6 rn. A name somet i mes a ppl i e d t o t h e Salang Kotal--see
Sal ang .
WALANG
35-17 67-7 A. A g r a s s y campi ng gr ound, about 300 ya r ds wi de, a t t h e
head of t h e Ejan Dara, about 1 5 m i l e s from t h e poi nt wher e t h e
l a t t e r j oi ns t h e Sal ang Dara. The r e is some cul t i vat i on he r e , and
t h e pLace is much r e s o r t e d t o i n s p r i n g and Bummer. Ther e is pl ent y
of wat er , and g r a s s i s abundant till f a i r l y l a t e in t h e year; f u e l
is s c a nt y and c o n s i s t s of small s h r u b s only. (I.B.C.)
WALANGAK
&,
34-43 67-18 m. A s m a l l val l ey d e s c e n d i n g nor t h from t h e Koh-i-Baba
t o Kar ghanat u. Th i s is a l s o s p e l l e d Wolangak. (LWA)
WALIAN " u>
35-36 68-52 A. A p a s s ove r t h e Hi ndu Kush. It lies a t t h e head o f
t h e Nimakao gl e n, be t we e n t h e Kaoshan p a s s on t h e e a s t and t h e
Chapdar a on t h e west. I t is c r o s s e d by a r oad l e a di ng f r om t h e
Ghor band val l ey t o t h a t o f Khinjan. The r e a r e r eal l y t wo k o t a l s a t
t h e summit, and of t h e s e t h e more we s t e r l y (on t h e l e f t goi ng t o-
war ds Khi nj an), is t h e Walian pr ope r ; it is s a i d t o be pr a c t i c a bl e
f o r Af ghan camel s. The o t h e r kot al , c a l l e d t h e Loani, o r Loahani ,
is a s h o r t - c u t i mpr a c t i c a bl e e ve n f o r yabus. A t t h e t o p of t h e p a s s
is a st r eam whi c h r u n s f o r a s h o r t way down t h e n o r t h e r n s l ope ; i n
pl a c e s it r u n s unde r gr ound b u t wat er is s ai d t o b e e a s i l y obt ai nabl e
i n any p a r t of t h e wa t e r c our s e by s c r a p i n g away t h e s h i n g l y s u r f a c e .
A little way bel ow t h e summi t , on t h e Khinjan s i d e , a f o o t p a t h
s t r i k e s o f f t o t h e e a s t ; t h i s l e a d s ove r t h e wa t e r s he d t o t h e head
of t h e Changalawez gl en and t he n down t h e l at t er t o t h e Kaoshan gl en
whi ch it j oi ns near Maidan-i-Khuni. (I.B.C.)
WALID (49)4
34-27 70-22. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Sur kha b di vi s i on o f t h e Jal al abad
d i s t r i c t , s i t u a t e d on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Sur kha b r i ve r , 2 m i l e s
above its j unc t i on wi t h t h e Kabul and near l y o p p o s i t e Deh-i-Balo.
I nhabi t ant s : Ta j i ks and G hi l zai s . ( Jen kyns. )
*WALI KHEL & JJ
34-45 69-40 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e Tagab r i ve r , a bout 7 miles s o u t h o f
Tagab i n Kapi sa pr ovi nce.
WALI MUHAMMAD ACS)
34-14 69-15. A f o r t i n t h e Kabul d i s t r i c t , s i t u a t e d t o t h e e a s t o f
Bini Hi sar , on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Logar r i ve r . S i d e s of t h i s
s q u a r e f o r t 50 y a r d s l ong. (Kennedy. )
WAMA 'J
A Kafir t r i b e who i nha bi t t h e I nka r val l ey. Some f e w o f t hem have
become Muslims. They a r e a l s o c a l l e d Sanu Kaf i r s, o r Lal Kaf i r s,
and a r e d e s c r i b e d a s a mer r y, j ovi al pe opl e . Accor di ng t o Tanner ,
t h e y l i v e i n t h e u p p e r e nd o f t h e Pe c h Dara, b u t St e wa r t p l a c e s t hem
on t h e e a s t s i d e o f t h e Al i ngar r i ve r , and r e c k o n s t hem a t a bout
4,000 f i g h t i n g men. ( Raver t y, Tanner , St ewar t . )
WAMA Or TSRANU 'J
35-7 70-45 m. A Si a hpos h vi l l a ge of a bout 200 h o u s e s i n t h e Pe c h
val l ey i n Nur i st an a bout 55 miles a bove Chi gha r Serai . Thi s por t i on
of t h e val l ey is known a s Parun. The vi l l a ge is on t h e r i g h t bank
of t h e r i ve r whe r e t h e r i v e r is f o r d a b l e a s w e l l a s b r i d g e d over .
The h o u s e s a r e c l u s t e r e d t o g e t h e r i n a ve r y s t r o n g nat ur al pos i t i on,
p e r c h e d h i g h above t h e r i ver . On its s o u t h s i d e is a 500 f e e t
c l i f f , whi l e on t h e r i v e r s i d e t h e s p u r on whi ch it s t a n d s d r o p s
pe r pe ndi c ul a r l y t o t h e wa t e r ' s e d g e . The h i l l s be hi nd a r e unscal e-
abl e, and t h e vi l l a ge is r e a c he d by a nar r ow pa t h whi ch cl i mbs u p a
"chimney" on t h e n o r t h e a s t s i d e . The vi l l a ge is n o t wal l ed. Thi s
name is d s o a p p l i e d t o t h e val l ey a s h o r t d i s t a n c e above and bel ow
t h e vi l l age. A company o f s a p p e r s is camped h e r e i n summer t o
r e pa i r t h e r o a d s and s u p e r i n t e n d t h e f l oa t i ng of t i mber down t h e
r i v e r .
Kaf i l as camp h e r e on t h e r i ve r ba nks . Su p p l i e s a r e p l e n t i f u l from
t h e v i l l a g e . (I.B.c., N. I. )
,ND
34-46 68-50 m. A vi l l a ge near Usht ur mur da, on a t r i but a r y of t h e
Ghorband in Parwan pr ovi nce.
iRAGALI O r LAKHI P4*)
34-21 70-8 G. El evat i on 4,400 f e e t . A p a s s over t h e Siah Koh r ange
be t we e n Khairo Khel, on t h e r i ve r r out e from Jal al abad, and Fateha-
bad, or Fo r t Bat t ye, on t h e Jalalabad-Gandamak r oad. I t is pr act i c-
a b l e , t h o u g h d i f f i c u l t i n p l a c e s , f o r mul e s a nd h i l l camel s.
( I .B.C.)
IARAS V A ~
34-13 66-54 A. Waras is a wol eswal i i n t h e Bamian pr ovi nce. The
wol eswal i c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 2,845 s qua r e ki l omet er s and ha s an
a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on whi ch ha s been es t i mat ed a t from 23,362 t o
33,940. The wol eswal i is bounded i n t h e w e s t by Da-i-Kundi and La1
wa Sar j angal , in t h e nor t h by Panjab, i n t h e e a s t by Behsud and
Nawer, and i n t h e s out h by Shahr i s t an. Waras h a s a bout 69 vi l l ages,
35 of whi ch have more t ha n 500 i nha bi t a nt s . The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d
in t h e PG a s f ol l ows:
Abdal (Abdal-i-Surk h J oy) , Acha Sar Asp, Khar Pus h, Sang-i-Sukhta,
Sur k h Joy, Qala-i-Beg-i-Sok ht a, Shuba t ( Shobat Sur kh Joy) , Qawm-i-
Sul t an, Bar Qol, Saf ed Kich, Miyana Deh, Bad Rawak, Lakhak (Tal khak-
i-Bad Qo l ) , Qol - i - Hai dar , Buz Gi r a k, Bani Gaw, Pi t a b J oy, Pi l an
( Pl a n) , Panj a Dur ( Paj and u r ) , Sak h a wi (Tak ha wi ) , Sarab-i -Waras,
Tagab-i-G hor (Tagab-i-G har ) , Bast u k ( Sut r ak) , Tag ab-i-Shina w (Tagab-
i - Shewi ) , Qonak-i-Shinaw (Qonak-i -Takht ), Jaw Qol, Chambar, Chah
Chin-i-Waras, Qawm-i-Barfi), Chachi n ( Chachi n wa Sur a Soy-i-Surkh
J oy) , Khal achak wa Borlak-i-Waras, Dola, Baragh Sang-i-Dola, Shamin-
i -0be (Shina-i-Obe), Sur k h Gawak, Saf ed Ghoy-i-Sufla, Niqol, C hijan,
Reg-i-Safed Gho, Saf ed Ghu-i-Ulya, Sul t an Robat, Si l Burda, Shahi-i-
Sur k h Joy, Shanu k (Shuyaki-i-Surk h Joy) , Fatu-i-Surk h Joy, Tagab-i-
Sha, Qawm-i-Khud i, Qawm-i-Mirza, Ga l Qol-i-Surk h Joy, Gambatak-i-
Sur k h Joy, Ligan-i-Waras, Nayespat an ( Nayest an) , Warasgin-i-Surk h
Joy, Warzang, Qawm-i-Yari, Qarya-i-Tak h t , Ulyatak, Qayag hak-i-Arga-
nak, Sar-i-Ta k ht , Qulba-i-Toy-i-Ta k ht , Qara G hajur-i-Tak h t , Surk h
Sang, I spar mak, Sang-i-Naweshta, Sokht a Qol, Manda-i-Ulyat-i-Takht,
Sar g hawchak-i-Tak ht , Khak-i-Bibi-i-Tak ht , Reg JOY-i-Qa wm-i-Khoshi,
Sawalyu-i-Surk h Joy, Qawm-i-Isa, Malik (Mulk), and Bag h-i-Sang . ( A
d i s t r i c t i n t h e Dai Zangi count ry. )
WARAS-I-NAZRULLA KHAN, AB-I +JJ'+ *a
A t r i b u t a r y of t he Helmand, from t he nor t h, i n t he Hazar al at .
WARDAK
4 J~
A t r i b e of Sai yi ds hol di ng a narrow s t r i p of c ount r y whi ch r uns from
t h e Hazara por t i on of t h e Ghazni d i s t r i c t t o t h e western por t i on o f
t h e Logar val l ey, and i nc l ude s t h e Tangi Wardak de f i l e . The peopl e
are qui e t , hos pi t a bl e and i ndus t r i ous , and t h e i r c ount r y is w e l l
c ul t i va t e d. The p r e s e n t headman of Wardak, i ncl udi ng Tangi Waghjan
and Tangi Wardak, is Nazir Muhammad Ismai l Khan.
The f ounde r of t h e t r i b e was Ward. H e had f our sons--1, Mayar; 2,
Nuri; 3, Mirkhel; 4, Gudai--and t h e f our sub- di vi si ons of t h e War-
d a k s are cal l ed a f t e r t h e above.
The most pr omi nent members of t h e t r i b e i n r e c e n t ye a r s have been
Muet auf i HabibulLa Khan, Gener al Ghulam Haidar Khan and ~uhammad
Jan, not or i ous f o r h i s oppos i t i on t o t h e Br i t i s h in 1879-00, and who
was af t er war ds put to deat h by Amir Abdur Rahman's or der s.
~ o l l o y s a y s o f t h i s t r i be : "The War daks a r e s ubdi vi de d a s f ol l ows :
1. Mayar 2. Mir Khel 3. Nuri
"In t h e i r t e r r i t o r y are t h e f ol l owi ng pl aces- - Shash gao, i nha bi t e d by
t h e Mir Khel and Mayar s e c t i o n s ; Shai khabad, i n whi ch a r e t h e Ma-
yar s. Bet ween Sh a s h g a o and Shai khabad is t h e Dara-i-Shiniz, wh e r e
all t h r e e s e c t i o n s a r e f ound. The Dara-i-Unkhai be l ongs t o t h e Nuri
s e c t i on. The Dara-i-Tangi t o t h e Mir Khel s e c t i on; wh i l s t b o t h t h e
Mir Khel and Mayar s e c t i o n s a r e f ound i n t h e Dara-i-Khawai. Jag ha-
lie is a Mayar vi l l a ge wi t h a f e w o f t h e Mir Khel s e c t i o n i nt e r -
s p e r s e d among its i nha bi t a nt s . Gardan-i-Masjid is a n o t h e r Mayar
vi l l age. I n Deh Mirdad all t h r e e s e c t i o n s a r e f ound. The War daks
a r e c omput e d a t 20, 000 f ami l i es , and t h e y pay one l a k h o f r u p e e s i n
revenue. " ( Bel l ew, Ha s t i ngs , I.B.C.) Pl aces wi t h t h i s name a r e
l oc a t e d a t 34-15 68-0 m., and 34-40 70-10 G. (LWA)
* WARGHA UAf
33-22 69-53 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d n o r t h e a s t o f Matun i n Pakt i a
pr ovi nce .
* WARGU R
33-50 69-48 m. A vi l l a ge nor t h of Chamkanni i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
JA
WARIAJ See ARIOH
w
WARKHAN See MADINUI i r b
WARNATA
GAf
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge i n Laghman. I t is r e c kone d a s one t o wn s h i p
wi t h Adar. I nha bi t a nt s . Ar oki s. (Warburton. )
WARSANDAN "1 L~
The name appl i ed t o t h e west er n end of t h e Hindu Kush.
WARSANDAN "1 &,,
An a l t e r na t i ve name f o r t h e Tun Khana p a s s ove r t h e Hi ndu Kush--see
' Zak' .
WASI L
J4
34- 69-. A f o r t i n t h e Kah Dara di vi s i on, Koh Daman, n o r t h we s t of
Kabul. (Masson.)
WASTAZI 6)
32- 6 8 . A vi l l a ge 88 miles s o u t h of Ghazni , on t h e r oad t o t h e
Kundar and Gumal val l eys. I t is s i t u a t e d i n a hi l l y and par t i al l y
c ul t i va t e d c ount r y; t h e wat er is b r a c k i s h , from wells. (Lumsden. )
WATKOL Or WADQOL Jli 4
35-20 69-33 m. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Uppe r Panj s hi r val l ey, on t h e l e f t
bank of t h e s t r eam, 4 miles above Bazarak. 30 h o u s e s of Taj i ks.
( Shahzada Taimus.)
WATTAPUR ( &A) A#&,
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Sur kha b de pa r t me nt o f t h e Jal al abad
d i s t r i c t . I t is s omet i mes c a l l e d Kala-i-Shukar Khan, and its i nhab-
i t a n t s a r e Ghi l zai s. It is s i t u a t e d 5 miles west o f t h e j unct i on of
t h e Kabul and Sur kha b r i v e r s , on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e l a t t e r .
( Jenkyns. ) Th e pl a c e may a l s o b e cal l ed Ut apur . A vi l l a ge wi t h t h e
name Kat apur is l oc a t e d a t 34-24 70-14 m. (LWA)
rTTI JABAR KHEL &A +\J
34- 70-. A vi l l age i n Lag hman. I nhabi t ant s: Jabar Khel Ghi l zai s.
(Warbur t on. )
kTTI PUR rn G'J
34- 70-. A vi l l age in Laghman, c l o s e t o t h e j unct i on of t h e Kabul
and Alingar r i ve r s , and be t we e n t hem bot h. (Warburton.) Probably t h e
same a s Wat t apur. (LWA)
~AWAK Or WEYWAH ( d m ) ~ J ' J
35-18 69-10 m. A vi l l age i n t h e Salang Dara, about 20 1/4 miles
above Parwan, and c l o s e t o a not he r vi l l age c a l l e d Arzani. They lie
a t t h e j unct i on wi t h t h e Salang of a s m a l l dar a whi ch comes i n from
t h e w e s t ; up t h i s dar a a road is s ai d t o l ead t o Walang, a hal t i ng-
pl a c e a t t h e head of t h e Ejan Dara. The Salang st r eam is he r e
about 20 f e e t wi de; t h e r e is a good f or d i mmedi at el y above t h e
vi l l age, and j u s t bel ow is a f oot - br i dge, 5 or 6 f e e t wide. The
road be a r e r s a r e of whi t e popl ar and t h e b r i d g e is pr obabl y s t r ong
e nough f o r pack animals, but t h e r oadway is not good. (I.B.C.)
Recent maps show t h e spel l i ng Wiwa. (LWA)
WAZGHAR See SIAHGIRD i j 'J
A v i l l a g e wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 35-3 68-52 m. (LWA)
WAZGHUNAJUI &? 4%
El evat i on 9, 045 f e e t . A s ubdi vi s i on of t h e Dai Zangi d i s t r i c t of
Lal .
WAZA KHWA, WAZIKHWA Or MASHURAY djjJ
32-12 68-21 m. Waza Khwa is a wol eswal i i n Ghazni pr ovi nce. The
wol eswal i c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 3, 551 s qua r e ki l omet er s and has an
a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on t h a t ha s been es t i mat ed a t from 4, 211 t o
8,320. The wol uswal i is bounded i n t h e w e s t by Nawa, i n t h e e a s t by
Gomal and Wol-Mamay, i n t h e nor t h by J ani Khel, i n t h e n o r t h we s t by
Dila. Waza Khwa ha s a bout 82 vi l l a ge s , 19 of whi ch have more t han
500 i nhabi t ant s . The vi l l ages a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows:
Haji Adam Khel, Akram Khan, Andai, Bazid, Batta Khel, Burj, Buzai,
Pat nai , Kh wajer, Ashuq, Qabat , Mulla Karo, Tarwah, Tarwakai, Tanga-
i-Najaf, Tor Tangai, Torwam, Nur Murg ha, Spi na K hama, Chas hma-i-Azad
Khan, Chashma-i-Sar Qalam, Hayat Khel, K ha r ga h, Khezer Khel, Khaira-
bad, Warabni, Zang Khel, Zarghun, Spe r ki , Shabi Khel, Shukur Khel,
Shi nko W a l l , Sha Khel, Shahnawaz, Shahi n, She r gul Tar kha, Omar Khel
(Omaran Khel), Ashuq Khel, Abdul Matin, Abdul Jalil-i-Petaw, Qala-i-
Mehman wa Zafar, Karez-i-Petaw, Kudali, Kamkai Wazkhwah, Kach Khor-
i-Mulla Shah Moh' d, Kot sak, Gul Shah Gari, Gulabi, Lalizai, Landi,
Qal a-i -Moh' d Khan, Mas hwar r ai , Marjan, Manzai , Mul l ayan, Naj af ,
Wassel Khel, Qala-i-Haji Raz Moh'd, Mankai, Sang i n, Arab Shak hi l ,
Maryani Pataw, Gosht a, Aka Khel-i-Tawgari, Tolai, Jani Khel, Chat ak,
Chali, Chenar gai , Khud Kundi, Haji Dost i , Shah Mardan, Gha t ( Ghash) ,
Gada Geram-i-Jalalzai, Ger da w i (Gora wi ) , Gadaywal-i-Jalalzai, Nag-
har, Nangar Khel, Wuch Khwarah, Din Omar, Wali, and A t u m Khel.
(LWA) In 1912 t h i s ar ea was de s c r i be d a s f ol l ows:
A l ocal i t y i nha bi t e d by Sulaiman Khel Ghi l zai s, and l yi ng w e s t of
t h e Sulaiman r ange. Accor di ng t o nat i ve i nf or mat i on obt ai ned by
Lieutenant Benn, t h e Taraki Tirwah-G hazni road r eaches t h e Wazik h wah
pl ai n a t about 19 miles, and t h e n c r o s s e s it t h r o u g h cul t i vat i on and
Sulaiman Khel vi l l a ge s unt i l camp a t Marjan is r e a c he d a t 26 mi l e s .
Water good and pl e nt i f ul ; s u p p l i e s of e ve r y ki nd obt ai nabl e, al so
bhusa. No g r a s s , f u e l s c a r c e , camel -grazi ng good. From Wazikh wah
t h r e e main r oa ds l ead o f f t o Ghazni: (1) by t h e Shi nka i Kotal and
Oban; (2) by Sara Kala; ( 3) by Pat anai and Oban. The r e a r e many
vi l l a ge s i n t h e vi c i ni t y, i nha bi t e d by Tar aki s and Sulaiman Khel s.
(Benn. )
*WAZIRI d
33-2 68-1 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a f e w miles o f f t h e Kandahar-Ghazni
road i n Ghazni pr ovi nc e .
WAZ I RABAD >&Ti&
34-33 69-10 G. A l a r g e s t r a g g l i n g vi l l age, one mile n o r t h we s t o f
She r pur , near Kabul. The i nha bi t a nt s are Ki zi l bashi s. The pl a c e
g i v e s its name t o t h e l a k e l yi ng t o its nor t h. Th i s l a k e is 4 1/2
miles l ong, and on an a v e r a g e 1/2 m i l e br oad. (Kennedy. ) Anot her
vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 34-27 70-22 G. (LWA)
WAZ I RBAGH tL&
34-25 70-28. Th e name o f a ga r de n and pal ace o f t h e A m i r l yi ng
a bout 1 m i l e t o t h e w e s t o f Jal al abad.
WAZIR KALA ~ s A
34- 69-. A vi l l a ge on t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e Logar r i ve r , i n t h e
l owe r or n o r t h e r n por t i on o f t h e val l ey. I t is a bout a m i l e s o u t h
of Muhammad Agha. The vi l l age c ons i s t s of t wo hamlets, i nhabi t ed by
Ahmadzais, Hazaras, and Taj i ks. I n 1880 t h e r e were onl y 20 f ami l i es
i n t h e pl ace. ( Cl i f f o r d , Euan Smith.) A vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is
l oc a t e d a t 34-0 69-4 G. (LWA)
WAZIR KALA &A
34-27 68-24 m. A vi l l a ge a t t h e e a s t e r n f o o t of t h e Unai p a s s on
t h e main Kabul-Herat r oad. I t c ont a i ns some 20 f ami l i es o f Tai murs,
headman ( i n 1904) Daul at Muhammad. The i nha bi t a nt s p o s s e s s s ome 50
head of c a t t l e and 100 s h e e p and goa t s . The annual pr oduc t i on o f
wh e a t a nd b a r l e y a v e r a g e s a b o u t 430 I n d i a n ma unds . ( Wa nl i s s . )
Recent maps show only t h e name Wazir. (LWA)
WAZIR KAREZ
6
h &A
34-3 69-3. A vi l l a ge in t h e Logar d i s t r i c t , 3 miles n o r t h e a s t of
Hi sarak, on t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e r i ver . The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Haza-
r a s , and i n 1880 t h e y number ed 40 f ami l i es. (Euan Smi t h, Cl i f f or d. )
WAZIR RUD -' 9&9
34- 70-. A t r i b u t a r y of t h e Sur kha b r i ve r , r i s i ng in t h e n o r t h e r n
s l o p e s o f t h e Sa f e d Koh and j oi ni ng t h e Sur kha b j u s t above Bawali
(Rozabad). It is a pe r e nni a l s t r eam and is occas i onal l y i mpas s abl e
i n s p r i n g a s much a s 1 5 miles above its j unct i on wi t h t h e Sur khab.
( I .B.C.)
WERAN See KAMAHBIDA
"'d
The r e is a val l ey wi t h t h i s name, a t 35-35 70-50 and a p a s s a t 35-28
70-52 A. (LWA)
WESHAR J&
A pl ace on t h e r oad be t we e n Kabul and Far aj ghan, 154 m i l e s f r om t h e
l a t t e r . ( S t e war t . )
WEYWAH See WAWAK dm
WEZGUL $A
35-30 70-58 m. One o f t h e main h e a d s o f t h e Pr e s ungul o r Pech
r i v e r .
t LAYAT I &I 9
34- 69-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t , i n t h e Bes ud de pa r t -
ment . The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Arabs. Th e vi l l a ge is s ur r ounde d by
c u l t i v a t e d l a n d , wa t e r e d b y i r r i g a t i o n c h a n n e l s from t h e Logar
r i ver . Th e r e is a p l e n t i f u l s u p p l y o f wat er f r om t h e s e c ha nne l s ,
and f r om t h e r i v e r i t s e l f . ( J e nkyns , I.B.C.)
'ILAYATI & y,
34-28 69-12 m. A s m a l l vi l l a ge i n t h e Kabul d i s t r i c t , a bout 1 m i l e
s o u t h we s t o f Bini Hi sar and 1/2 m i l e n o r t h o f t h e Logar r i ver .
I nha bi t a nt s : Ghi l zai s . (Kennedy. )
JOL MAMA1 (4- ) ~ J P
32-5 68-41. Wol Mamai is an a l a qa da r i i n Ghazni pr ovi nce. The
a l a qa da r i c o mp r i s e s an a r e a o f 3, 272 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s and ha s an
a g r i c u l t u r a l popul a t i on t h a t h a s be e n e s t i ma t e d a t f r om 3,440 t o
5,195. The a l a qa da r i is bounde d i n t h e west by Wazakhwa, i n t h e
n o r t h by Gomal, i n t h e e a s t and s o u t h by t h e S t a t e o f Paki st an. Wol
Hamai h a s a b o u t 38 vi l l a ge s , 3 of whi c h ha ve more t h a n 500 i nhabi -
t a nt s . The vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows :
Ahmad Khel , Akht a r Dad, Sha h Se ka nda r , Akht a r Denar Khel, I s pa s i t ,
Manzai, Al okozai , Te r kha , J abar Khel , Khezer Khel , Danar Khel Wal,
Danar Khel-i-Arta G hbar ga, Fai z Moh' d Danar-Khel, Duchi na, Dawlat
Sha r a k, t a ndi , Rahmat ( Chawar Khel ) , Rui, Sangar Khel , Sayed Khan
Khel , Mad Zar, Sha hba z Khan Khel , Ghulam Rasul , Qandi l , Gul i Khel,
Mo h ' d J a n , J a l a l z a i , Masum Khel - i - Mi r Dal, Masum Khel -i -Kari m,
Plamai, Niyazi, Wasel Khel-i-Ismail Khan, Wasel Khel-i-G hulam Raza,
Lalo Khel , Nakand, Sa f e d Ri sh-i -Jal ad, Sayyi d Khan Khel-i-Surkai,
Ahmad Khel-i-Surkai, and Mahmud Khel.
WORAKI &
33- 69-. A s m a l l vi l l a ge a t t h e s o u t h e a s t e r n e x t r e mi t y of t h e
Mu k hbi l val l ey. (Kane.)
WUCH ALGAD &'u
34-14 69-57. A small val l ey i n a n o r t h e r n s p u r from t h e Sa f e d Koh
r a nge , whi c h r u n s down t o t h e Kudi Khel and Mama Khel vi l l a ge s i n
t h e Khugi ani c ount r y, s o u t h o f Gandamak. Li eut enant - Col onel St e-
wart, of t h e Gui de s , who v i s i t e d it i n May 1879, writes o f it a s
f ol l ows :
"The r oad lay u p t h i s val l ey, c a l l e d i n Pu s h t u t h e ' Wuch Al gad' , or
d r y r avi ne. Why t h e name h a s be e n gi ve n c a nnot be a s c e r t a i n e d , f o r
it is a nyt hi ng b u t dr y, and c ont a i ns a good vol ume o f wat er , s u f f i -
c i e n t t o s u p p o r t c o n s i d e r a b l e cul t i vat i on. " ( St ewar t . )
WUJAI
A s m a l l val l ey t r i b u t a r y t o t h e Helmand near its s our c e .
fl
WURGAR
d
J I
33-42 69-45 m. A vi l l a ge on t h e Gabr t oy, s ome 8 miles s o u t h we s t of
Cham kanni i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce.
WURGHALAY
Jb
34-42 71-7 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a f e w miles s o u t h e a s t o f s h e r k a n i
near t h e Pa ki s t a n b o r d e r , Kunar pr ovi nce.
WUTKHEL See UTKHEL
YADCAR KALA d ,SJ&
34- 68-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Bi r gal i ch Dara, a t t h e poi nt wh e r e t h e
l a t t e r is e n t e r e d by t h e r oad l eadi ng from t h e Shi bar val l ey over
t h e Jal mi sh Kotal. Yadgar Kala is a bout 6 1/2 miles from t h e Jal-
mish Kotal and t h e val l ey is h e r e about 200 ya r ds wi de, wi t h pl e nt y
of gr a s s . (I.B.C.)
YAGHIBAND +>k
34-10 70-27. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t , 4 miles s o u t h we s t
of Mazina. I nhabi t ant s: Shi n wari s. ( Jen kyns.)
YAGH IBAND +&k
34- 69-. A vi l l age on t h e road from Gandamak t o Tezi n, s o u t h we s t
of Jagdal ak f o r t , and d u e west of t h e Pezwan Kotal. (Kennedy.)
YAHIA e
34-36 69-15 m. A vi l l a ge 8 m i l e s nor t h of Kabul, 2 miles n o r t h we s t
of Tara Khel, and 1 1/2 m i l e s e a s t o f Paiminar. I nhabi t ant s: Ta-
j i ks. I. B. C. Anot her vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 31-50
68-8 A. (LWA)
YAHYA KHEL ~ L Z L C
A s e c t i on of t h e Khar ot i s. A vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t
32-56 68-39 A. (LWA)
YAKATUT
+ &
34- 69-. A c ol l e c t i on of vi l l ages l yi ng t o t h e e a s t of She r pur
(Kabul d i s t r i c t ) , and about 2 m i l e s from it. I t s t a n d s on bot h
banks of t h e Kabul r i ve r , and c ont a i ns t h e f ol l owi ng vi l l ages:
1. Kala-i-Mirza Muhanunad A l i ( Ki zi l bas h)
2. AWul Majid ( Ta j i k)
3. Mirza Ghai as ( Ta j i k)
4. A l i Mardan ( Ta j i k)
5. I smai l ( Ta j i k)
6. Kal a-i -Jurab (Ta j i k)
7. Kala-i-Miru Khel ( Ta j i k)
8. Kala-i-Kadir Khan (Durani )
9. Taj Muharmad Khan (Durani ) (Kennedy.)
YAKAWLANG Or YAKH WALANG a,&
34-44 66-58. Yakawlang is t h e name of a wol eswal i in t h e Bamian
pr ovi nce. The wol eswal i c ompr i s e s an ar ea of 6,628 s qua r e kilom-
e t e r s and ha s an a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on whi ch has been es t i mat ed by
var i ous Af ghan s o u r c e s a t from 18, 820 t o 30,349. The wol eswal i is
bounded in t h e west by Ghur and Jawzj an, in t h e nor t h by Samangan
pr ovi nces, in t h e e a s t by Kahmard, Sai ghan, and Bamian, and i n t h e
Sout h by Panjab d i s t r i c t s . Yakawlang has about 116 vi l l ages of
whi ch about 21 have more t ha n 500 i nhabi t ant s . The vi l l a ge s a r e
l i s t e d in t h e PG a s f ol l ows: Baraka, Baghalak ( Baf al akha) , Band-i-
Amir, Div Khana, Sang-i-Surakh, Bedak-i-Siya Dara-i-Sufla, Bedak wa
Juy-i-Nau, Bidak, Pudi nat o, Tajekan, Shi na Dara-i-Ali wa Tano, Shi-
na, Tag hak-i-Otapur, Tang-i-Saf i dak (Sang-i- Saf i da k) , Chahar D e war
wa Saf i d Rah, Cha ha r de h, Che he l Burj, Chaman-i-Chardeh (Chaman-i-
g her), Chashma- i - ~ahl u, Bark ha ha , Za r di ga , Zamin-i-Rajab, Si ya
Khak, Dahan-i-Zurlich wa sar - i - Sor l i ch, Zurlic h, Sabzi l , Sar Reg,
Sar t ar nuk wa Show ha, Sar t ar nu k, Sabz Dara, Seh Pak hsa-i-Chel Ga w ,
Sagduw, Sokht a gi , Sarma Qol, Siya Bamak, Kargah (Garga), Sarbazan,
Saf ed Barah ( Saf ed Dara) Sar Murg hi , Kushkak, Halwa Qawm, Khak-i-
Do-i-Sufla, Khak-i-Do-i-Ulya, Kh urj i n Bulaq-i-Ulya wa Suf l a, Khak-i-
C hi g hal , K ha r e s t a n (Khamistan), Band-i-Kakru k-i-Amir, K ham-i-Astana,
G hunda Sangi ne ( G hunda Sang) , JUS hang-i-Sar-i-Qol, Dara-i-C h e s h t ,
Dara-i-Ali, Do Bur j e, Dahan- i - Mur ghi , Ra Qol ( Sar Qol ) , Anda wa
Shat oye, Sabz Nau, Zarin, Yesl ach, Khar est an ( Shar i s t an) , Sachak
( Sar chak) , Shor Shi r i n Kin-i-Bala ( Shahr Shi r i n Bagnila), Shamsud-
din-i-Dasht Nek (Shamrin-i-Dasht Neka) , Shi r Dosh was Juy Nau,
Ghar ak, Fi r oz Bahar, Qur ghan, Qal andaran, Kata Qala, Kochagak, oh
Kanak, Kaligan, (Qawmabad), Gamab, Gazak-i -Sharshari , Miyana Deh-i-
Sha r s ha r i , Gard Bid-i-Dahr Chi , Deh Tur achi , Garan Ghabar (Gardan
G habr ) , Kalta Tu p-i-Sulfa, Kalta Tup-i-Ulya, Tubak, Kafalzak (Tag-
hal zak) , Li l or ha, Lar nozan ( Mi r bazan) , Mohammad Shar af - i - Rus t am
(Mohd. Sha r i f ) , Mush Khana, Sar gi ch ( Bar gi ch) , Bag halak wa Sur kh
Qala, Dahan-i-Karnar Kuch wa Royaha, Rust am, Sa r d a g h ( Si r da g h ) ,
Minar, Menda Yak, Namadak-i-Sulfa, Namada k-i-Ulya, Naitaq, Na-Yak,
Bazar-i-Yaka wlang, Nauabad. Nauabad-i-Deh Sur k h, Olangak, Hazar
Chashma, Duzdan Chashma, Dahan-i-Kanak, Deh Sur kh, Dahan Tawa, Bid
Mushki n wa Ger d Bid (Bed-i-Mushki), Gunbadi, Akhundan, Shat ughan,
J ar ukas han, Qala-i-Jafar, Sar Bulaq, Zarsang wa Razag, Sarkanak,
Gurg in-i-Ha w za Shah, Si yah Dara-i-Ulya, Sachak-i-Qa wm-i-Hasan, and
I s pe r a h. (LW A)
In 1912, t h i s ar ea was de s c r i be d a s f ol l ows: a s u b d i s t r i c t of
Bamian i nha bi t e d c h i e f l y by Dai Zangis. It lies west of Bamian
pr ope r , and is dr ai ned by t h e head- wat er s of t h e Band-i-Amir r i ver .
On t h e nor t h it is bounded by t h e Dara Yusuf and Balkh-Ab d i s t r i c t s
of Af ghan Tur ki s t an, on t h e w e s t and s o u t h by t h e Dai Zangi count r y
p r o p e r and t h e Koh-i-Baba. I t c o v e r s an ar ea of a bout 2,800 s qua r e
m i l e s , a pa r t of whi ch, however , is bar r en and uni nhabi t ed, e x c e p t
by pe opl e gr a z i ng t h e i r f l o c k s i n summer.
The s o u r c e of t h e Rud-i-Band-i-Amir is i n t h e c ur i ous l a k e s cal l ed
Band-i-Amir; from t h e l a k e s t o Sul i j , t h e d e e p val l ey of t h e r i ver ,
t h o u g h ge ne r a l l y s pe a ki ng more t ha n 8, 000 f e e t above t h e sea, is
f a i r l y popul at ed and f e r t i l e . Below Sul i j t h e road down t h e val l ey
is q u i t e i mpr act i cabl e f o r ba gga ge animals. Se e "Band-i-Amir."
The Bamian-Daulat Y a r road r u n s a c r o s s t h e d i s t r i c t from e a s t t o
w e s t , via t h e Bakkak Kotal, and meets t h e Kabul-Hazarajat road near
Kala Sa f a r a k.
The Ghazni road having cr ossed t h e Koh-i-Baba by t h e l of t y Zard Sang
Kotal, l e a d s t o Band-i-Amir, whence it r u n s vi a Dara Yusuf t o Tash-
kurghan.
I nf or mat i on r e ga r di ng popul at i on, s u p p l i e s , etc., is gi ven under
Bamian ( d i s t r i c t ) .
YAKH DARA
*J J @
35-1 68-51. A val l ey whi ch l e a d s out of t h e Ghorband val l ey, 1/2
m i l e from t h e e nt r a nc e t o t h e Chahar dar pas s . (Leech. )
YAKHNAO
+@
35-3 69-4. A l a r g e gl e n j oi ni ng t h a t of Kaoshan about 5 1/2 miles
s o u t h of t h e Kaoshan Kotal.
I t comes from t h e nor t he a s t , its head bei ng pr obabl y c l o s e t o t h e
kot al , and j oi ns t h e main gl e n j u s t below Maidan-i-Khuni. Ther e is
s a i d t o b e no road up it. (Maitland.)
*YAKH WALANG See YAKAWWING
&,h
*YABOB
?*
33-22 68-23 m. A vi l l a a e l oc a t e d some 10 m i l e s s o u t h of ~ h a z n i ,
l e f t of t h e High way t o ~ h a z n i .
YAKClB DEH
r J++%
34-28 69-14. A l a r g e vi l l age 4 m i l e s s o u t h e a s t o f Kabul, and 1 1/2
m i l e from Bini Hisar. I t s t a n d s on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Logar
r i ver , and is c onne c t e d wi t h t h e vi l l age of Shewaki , on t h e r i g h t
bank, by a b r i d g e 90 f e e t l ong by 8 f e e t br oad, compos ed o f wood
s u p p o r t e d on c r a t e s f i l l e d wi t h s t o n e s a s pi e r s ; no pa r a pe t s . Th e
vi l l age c o n t a i n s 80 o r 90 h o u s e s , and is s ur r ounde d by o r c h a r d s ,
g a r d e n s and c ul t i va t i on. I nhabi t ant s : Muhammad zai s , Taj i ks and
Ut khe l s . ( Kennedy, I.B.C.)
YAKUBI &
34-27 69-59 m. A vi l l a ge i n Khos t a bout 9 m i l e s n o r t h by e a s t o f
Matun. Th e r e is room f o r a smal l camp on t h e r i g h t bank o f t h e
st r eam whi c h f l o ws j u s t n o r t h o f t h e vi l l age. The i nha bi t a nt s a r e
Lewan Khel , J aj i s . (I.B.C.) Anot her vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is l o-
c a t e d a t 34-21 71-3 G. (LWA)
YAKUB KHEL J+%h
35-20 69-31. A vi l l a ge i n t h e u p p e r Pa nj s hi r gl e n, s i t u a t e d on b o t h
ba nks o f t h e s t r eam, a bout one m i l e above Bazarak. Thi r t y h o u s e s o f
Taj i ks. ( Sha hz a da Taimus.)
YANGUR
A main s e c t i o n of t h e Dai Zangi Hazar as.
YAR AHMAD
A v i l l a g e i n t h e J a gha t u Hazara count r y.
YARGHATI
j.rL
33- 68-. A vi l l a ge 18 m i l e s s o u t h o f Ghazni . It is s i t u a t e d i n a
s i ngul a r l y d u l l and d r e a r y l ooki ng c ount r y, q u i t e ba r e o f trees and
even br us hwood. (Bellew.)
YAR MUHAMMAD -JL
34- 69-. A vi l l a ge near Kabul, on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e Logar
r i ve r , be t we e n Kala-i-Sak and t h e b r i d g e a t Bagrami. I n ha bi t a nt s :
Muhammadzai Af g hans . (I.B.C.)
YASIN i r k
34- 69-. Elev. 8, 000 f e e t . A f o r t 33 miles s o u t h e a s t of Kabul, on
t h e r o u t e f r om Kabul t o Jal al abad by t h e Kar kacha pa s s . (Thornt on. )
A vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 34-52 69-33 G. (LWA)
*Y ERGANA 4
33-38 68-47 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d s o u t h we s t o f Kharwar i n Logar
prov i nce .
YER KOL Or QOL-I-HER
chi#
35-7 69-3. A g l e n dr a i ni ng s o u t h wa r d s from t h e Hi ndu Kush, a bout 4
miles t o t h e e a s t o f and par al l el t o, t h e u p p e r por t i on o f t h e
Kaoshan gl en. I t j oi ns t h e Kaoshan a bout t wo m i l e s a bove t h e p o i n t
whe r e t h e l a t t e r d e b o u c h e s i n t o Ghor band. I t is of c ons i de r a bl e
s i z e and u p it t h e r e are vi l l a ge s and c ul t i va t i on be l ongi ng t o t h e
Shi nwar i s , b u t a t , and j u s t above, its j unct i on wi t h t h e Kaoshan it
is a d e f i l e wi t h h i g h r o c k y s i d e s . The s t r eam of t h e Koh-i-Yer h a s
t o be c r o s s e d by t h e r oad l e a di ng f r om t h e Kaoshan p a s s down t o t h e
Ghor band val l ey. I t is near l y a s l a r g e a s t h e Kaoshan s t r eam it-
s e l f . ( Mai t l and .)
YURT
GAE
34- 68-. Two s m a l l vi l l a ge s l yi ng a bout 4 m i l e s w e s t o f t h e Unai
Pass. ( See Mi l i t ary Re por t on Hazaraj at , Pa r t 11.)
3 RT
34- 68-. Elev. 9, 000 f e e t . A pl ai n s i t u a t e d on t h e crest o f t h e
Paghman r a nge , 56 miles f r om Kabul, be i ng an e l e va t e d t abl e-l and
a b o u t 8 miles b r o a d , a t a n e l e v a t i o n o f 9, 000 f e e t . I t h a s an
unc onge ni a l cl i mat e and a poor s oi l . The c h i e f c r o p is bar l ey, but
e n o u g h can ne ve r b e r a i s e d f o r t h e i nha bi t a nt s , who c ons e que nt l y
e mi gr a t e i n g r e a t number s i n t h e wi nt e r t o Kabul. Th e onl y f u e l
obt a i na bl e on it is t h e but a b u s h , and g r a s s is pl e nt i f ul . (Wood.)
N RT GJI
34- 67-. A t r i b u t a r y of t h e Helmand, f r om t h e s o u t h , i n t h e Besud
c ount r y. ( See Mi l i t ary Re p o r t on Hazar aj at , Pa r t 11.)
WSUF KALA
L.it&*
A vi l l a ge i n t h e Logar d i s t r i c t , s o u t h e r n di vi s i on. I n 1880 t h e
p l a c e c ont a i ne d 200 f a mi l i e s o f Ast anazai Ghi l zai s . (Euan Smi t h,
Cl i f f o r d . )
YUSUF KHEL &&B
33-40 68-53 G. A vi l l a ge i n Kharwar, a bout 22 m i l e s n o r t h e a s t of
Ghazni . ( I C . ) Anot her vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is l o c a t e d a t 33-3
68-39 A. (LWA)
YUSUF KHEL &&)r!
33-3 68-39. Yusuf Khel is a vi l l a ge and an a l a qa da r i i n Ghazni
pr ovi nc e . Th e a l a qa da r i c o mp r i s e s an a r e a o f 550 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s
a nd h a s an a gr i c ul t ur a l popul a t i on t h a t h a s be e n e s t i ma t e d a t from
5, 780 t o 6,130. The a l a qa da r i is bounde d i n t h e w e s t by Giru, i n
t h e s o u t h w e s t by Katawaz, i n t h e s o u t h e a s t by Sul t an Khel, i n t h e
n o r t h e a s t by Shar an and i n t h e n o r t h w e s t by Andar. Yusuf Khel ha s
a bout U vi l l a ge s , 4 of whi c h ha ve more t h a n 500 i nha bi t a nt s . The
v i l l a g e s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows : Bar at Khel , Bokhan Khel,
J a r Kana-i-Ulya wa Sul f a , Zmarai Kot, Khar Bin, Madrasa-i-Khar Bin,
Khazan, Mast, Malak h, Y us uf Khel , and Kochi-i-Landizai.
ZABAR DAST
b Jy,
33- 69-. A vl l l a ge i n t h e J a j i c ount r y, 25 miles from Kurram f o r t ,
s i t u a t e d above t h e Karaja st r eam. No s u p p l i e s a r e pr ocur abl e, and
f o r a g e of all s o r t s is s c a r c e . Water is pl e nt i f ul . Th e r e is pl e nt y
of o p e n gr ound t o t h e nor t h s ui t a bl e f o r encampi ng.
Th i s vi l l a ge would be bet t er d e s c r i b e d a s s i t u a t e d i n t h e Hariob
val l ey, 8 m i l e s n o r t h e a s t o f A l i Khel. ( Lumsden, I.B.C.)
ZAFAR KHAN u
L,LL
34- 70-. A f o r t i n t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t , s i t u a t e d on a low, s t ony
r i d g e , a bout 4 miles s o u t h of Fo r t Bat t ye, 5 e a s t o f Nimla, and 9
s o u t h we s t o f Rozabad. In 1880 t h e f o r t was i n good pr e s e r va t i on,
wi t h h i g h mud walls and t owers, and was s ur r ounde d by mul berry
trees. Good wat er f r om a r avi ne s o u t h we s t o f t h e pl ace. Fair
campi ng gr ound a t f o o t of r i d g e . (Masson.)
ZAHIDABAD See SAIYIDABAD ~ & T a \ j
A v i l l a g e wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 34-16 69-7 G. (LWA)
ZAHIK See GAHIK .L\j
ZAHO ( dj ' j 9 'J
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge d e s c r i b e d as s i t u a t e d beyond Ga r de z Zurmat. A
f o r c e u n d e r Capt ai n Hay is s ai d t o have g o n e t h e r e i n Se pt e mbe r 1841
t o puni s h a c h i e f , b u t f i n d i n g it much s t r o n g e r t ha n was s u p p o s e d ,
r e i nf or c e me nt s we r e s e n t o u t u n d e r Col onel Ol i ver t o d e s t r o y t h e
f o r t s . Th e r e seems t o b e no ment i on of it e x c e p t i n Lady Sal e' s
book. (Sale.) A pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 34-10 70-5 G.
( LWA
ZA I DAM
A s ubdi vi s i on of t h e Dai Zangi Hazar as.
ZAIMAN I 2L'j
34-28 68-40 G. Two Ghi l zai vi l l a ge s on t h e main Kabul-Herat r oa d, 3
1/4 miles e a s t o f J al r ez. The name Zaimini is a l s o a p p l i e d t o t h e
Kabul r i ve r val l ey f o r a bout 5 miles bel ow J a l r e z . (Wanliss. )
* ZAINAL
Aj
35-4 68-45 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y o f t h e Ghor band,
about 4 miles f r om its j unct i on wi t h t h e l a t t e r , i n Parwan pr ovi nce.
ZA I NO +Lj
34- 69-. A vi l l a ge on t h e Hi sar ak di vi s i on o f t h e Jal al abad di s -
trict. I nha bi t a nt s : Durani s. ( Jen kyns. )
ZAK d,
35- 68-. A p a s s l e a di ng ove r t h e Hi ndu Kush from t h e Ghor band t o
t h e Sur kha b val l eys. I t can b e r e a c he d f r om t h e s o u t h by e i t h e r t h e
Robat of Shi ngar i an Dara. The f or mer is a nar r ow r avi ne de bouc hi ng
t h r o u g h br oke n, ba r r e n cl ay h i l l s f o u r and a hal f m i l e s bel ow Bin-i-
Sehwak. The Shi nga r i a n is a si mi l ar r avi ne j oi ni ng t h e main val l ey
3 miles h i g h e r up. The t r a c k u p it l e a d s t o t h e vi l l a ge of Sar i
Kazi, and t h e r e d i v i d e s . The l e f t br anch c r o s s e s t h e main r a n g e by
t h e Kotal-i-Tun Khana ( or Warsandan), and d e s c e n d s by t h e Dara
Narkoh t o t h e Sur kha b val l ey, a little above Bar f ak. The r i g h t
br anch c r o s s e s t h e main r a nge by t h e Kotal-i-Zak, and l e a d s down t h e
Dara Margh t o Tallah on t h e Sur khab. A l l t h e s e r o a d s a r e s ai d t o be
ver y d i f f i c u l t , and onl y pr a c t i c a bl e f o r bul l oc ks and yabus, and may
be d i s r e g a r d e d a s p o s s i b l e r o u t e s f o r t r o o p s . The Kara Malli t a i f a
i nha bi t s t h e Dara Shi ngar i an. ( Peacocke. )
ZAKAR Ji
33-28 68-36 m. A vi l l a ge near Tasan, some 10 miles s o u t h e a s t o f
Ghazni.
ZAKHEL Jr ' j
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge 15 miles from Jal al abad, on t h e Kunar r i ve r ,
c ons i s t i ng o f 80 h o u s e s o f Taj i ks. ( Leech. )
ZAKHEL- I -GI RDI KACH
$6 aJJ+'j
A Kuc hi v i l l a g e i n t h e J a l a l a ba d d i s t r i c t , S u r k h a b d e p a r t me n t .
(Jenkyns . )
ZAKHEL- I - ZULFI KAR- KHAN &,w\, ;&Ij
34-24 70-33 m. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t , Kama d e p a r t -
ment. I t is s i t u a t e d on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Kunar, a t its con-
f l ue nc e wi t h t h e Kabul. The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Hind ki s , Arabs, Moh-
mand s and Dehgans. (Jen kyns.)
ZAKHEL See ZANGO KATS b'j
ZAKHO KHEL -A
A s e c t i o n of t h e Khar ot i s. A vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t
33-19 70- 3 G. (LWA)
WLI KAN &I\;
35-8 68-56. A r a vi ne whi c h j oi ns t h e Nimakao g l e n f r om t h e nor t h-
west a t a b o u t 8 m i l e s above wh e r e t h e l a t t e r d e b o u c h e s i n t o t h e
Ghor band val l ey. A t Dahan-i-Zalikan ( t h e j unc t i on o f t h e Zalikan
and Nimakao), t h e r e is s a i d t o b e room f o r a l a r g e camp; t h e gr ound
is p a r t l y c u l t i v a t e d a n d t h e r e is a c e r t a i n a mo u n t o f g r a s s i n
summer. Some l a r g e b u s h e s and smal l trees a r e avai l abl e f o r f uel ,
b u t no s u p p l i e s a r e t o be had ne a r e r t h a n t h e Ghor band val l ey. u p
t h e Zal i kan r a vi ne a r oad r u n s t o t h e head
of t h e Waghur, or Wadag-
hur , a g l e n l yi ng be t we e n, and pa r a l l e l t o, t h e Nimakao and Deh
Tangi gl e ns .
Nearl y o p p o s i t e Dahan-i-Zalikan t h e Nimakao g l e n is j oi ned from t h e
e a s t by t h e Tal khak r avi ne; u p t h i s r avi ne a t r a c k , s ai d t o b e
e a s i l y pr a c t i c a bl e f o r hor s emen and Af ghan camel s , l e a d s ove r t h e
Chashma Husain k o t a l and down t h e Husai n r a vi ne i n t o t h e Kaoshan
gl e n, whi c h it j oi ns j u s t bel ow Sher akai . (I.B.C.)
ZAL RED
A Ta j i k v i l l a g e i n Maidan. (Mol l oy. )
ZAMANI j Lj
34- 68-. A b e a u t i f u l val l ey whi c h c o mp r i s e s a por t i on of t h e Kabul
r i ve r , near its s our c e , bel ow J a l r e z and Sar-i-Chashma. (Masson.)
ZAMAN KALA d " L j
35- 70-. A vi l l a ge e a s t o f Char i kar , i nha bi t e d by 100 f ami l i es of
Taj i ks. ( Sha hz a da Taimus.)
ZAMAN KHAN
,jL ,jlj
34- 69-. A f o r t i nc l ude d i n Alla-ud-din, Cha r de h val l ey o f Kabul;
1 5 f ami l i es o f Gadi Hazar as and Ki zi l bashi s. (I.B.C.)
ZAMBURAK
J*j
33-59 68-46 G. A p a s s i n Wardak c ount r y, l e a di ng i n t o t h e Logar
val l ey. The f ol l owi ng is a r e p o r t on t h e p a s s by Capt ai n Larminie,
R.E., a t t a c h e d t o t h e Ghazni Fi el d For ce, on its march t o t h e Logar
val l ey on Apr i l 1880:
"On t h e mor ni ng of t h e 29t h Apri l , t h e u p p e r por t i on o f t h e Logar
val l ey b e t we e n Shai k habad and Tangi Wardak havi ng be e n de c l a r e d
i mpr a c t i c a bl e f o r guns , a r e c onna i s s a nc e o f t h e Zamburak p a s s was
or der ed wi t h a view t o cr os s i ng them t her e.
"The Zamburak p a s s is s i t u a t e d near t h e e nd o f t h e r a n g e o f hi l l s in
t h e a n g l e f or med by t h e j unct i on o f t h e Shi ni z and Logar r i ve r s .
Th e s l o p e s on t h e Sai yi dabad, o r we s t e r n s i d e , were f ound t o be ver y
e a s y and r e qui r i ng b u t little wor k t o r e a c h t h e t o p of t h e p a s s
wi t h o u t d i f f i c u l t y ; b u t on t h e s i d e t o wa r d s Tangi Wardak t h e f a l l
was ve r y a br upt , i n some p l a c e s al mos t pr e c i pi t ous . The hi l l s were
on t h i s s i d e c ompos e d c h i e f l y o f mica s c h i s t , t h e s t r a t a bei ng
t i l t e d u p a t va r i ous h i g h a ngl e s .
(I
An examination showed t h a t a narrow t r ack e xi s t e d f or t h r e e f o u r t h s
of a m i l e l e a di ng down i n t o a wi de, s a ndy nala, whi c h a f f o r d e d an
e a s y r oad al ong its be d f o r t h e r emai nder o f t h e d i s t a n c e down t o
t h e Logar r i ve r , near Tangi Wardak. I t a p p e a r e d pr oba bl e t h a t , wi t h
l a r g e wor ki ng p a r t i e s , t h i s pa t h wi t h i mpr ovement s and a c h a n g e o f
d i r e c t i o n a t t h e l owe r por t i on, mi g h t b e made pa s s a bl e f o r g u n s by
the 2nd of Hay; but a s it was c o n s i d e r e d d e s i r a b l e t h a t a t l e a s t one
b a t t e r y of a r t i l l e r y s houl d cross on t h e lst, o r d e r s were i s s u e d t o
commence work upon t h e pa t h wi t h a vi ew t o i mpr ove it a s f a r as time
would al l ow o f , wh i l s t a pos i t i on f o r a gun- s l i de was d e c i d e d upon.
Scar cel y had t h e wor k commenced, when a s e c ond r e p o r t a r r i ve d,
de c l a r i ng t h e Logar val l ey r o u t e pr a c t i c a bl e , upon whi ch wor k on t h e
pass was s t oppe d, and a t hi r d and car ef ul reconnai ssance made of t h e
val l ey r e s u l t e d i n t h e p a s s bei ng d e c i d e d upon a s t h e l e a s t hazar -
dous method of get t i ng guns t o Tangi Wardak.
"Work on t h e p a s s was a c c or di ngl y r ecommenced a t d a y l i g h t on t h e
30t h. The gun- s l i de was l a i d o u t down a s p u r s ome wha t t o t h e r i g h t
of t h e e x i s t i n g p a t h , t h e u p p e r hal f of whi ch had a s l o p e o f a bout 1
i n 2 and t h e l o we r a bout 1 i n 3.
"A wire c a bl e was i n c o u r s e o f pr e pa r a t i on t o r un t h e g u n s down t h e
e n t i r e d i s t a n c e , a bout 1, 100 f e e t , i n t o a smal l nala, t h e way was
bei ng p r e p a r e d , when, a t t h i s s t a g e , t h e Of f i c e r Commanding d e t a c h -
ment s a p p e r s and mi ner s , who had be e n wor ki ng vi gor ous l y a t t h e
r oad, r e p o r t e d t h a t , havi ng f ound t h e r oc k much s o f t e r and mor e
eas i l y wor ked t h a n had be e n a n t i c i p a t e d , h e would pr obabl y b e a bl e
t o make a t r a c k pr a c t i c a bl e f o r g u n s by 10 o' c l oc k t h e f ol l owi ng
morning.
"With t h e permission of t h e Brigadier-General Commanding, who was on
t h e pass a t t h e time, t h e work on t h e gun-slope was s t oppe d, and t h e
wor ki ng p a r t i e s t r a n s f e r r e d t o t h e r oad, t h e r e s u l t bei ng t h a t a t 8
on t h e f ol l owi ng mor ni ng t h e b a t t e r y o f Hor se Ar t i l l er y commenced
t h e d e s c e n t . The e n t i r e ba t t e r y, g u n s and wagons, was dr a wn up i n
t h e bed o f nala a l r e a dy ment i oned t h r e e h o u r s and f o r t y mi nut e s f r om
t h e time of s t a r t i n g .
"Considerable improvements were made in t h e road duri ng t h e day, and
t h e s e , combi ned wi t h t h e b e t t e r a r r a nge me nt r e s u l t i n g f r om t h e
e x p e r i e n c e o f t h e f i r s t day, enabl ed t h e s e c ond ba t t e r y, G-4th Royal
Ar t i l l er y, t o a c c ompl i s h t h e same f e a t on t h e morni ng o f t h e 2nd o f
May in e x a c t l y t wo hour s .
"The g u n s and wagons were on e a c h oc c a s i on t a k e n down by hand f o r
t h e g r e a t e r p a r t o f t h e way, l i mber ed up, wi t h d r a g r o p e s a t t a c h e d ,
manned by wor ki ng p a r t i e s of 25 men t o e a c h gun or wagon; t h e s h o e
or dr ag chain was used whenever consi der ed necessary.
" A t t h e l owe r por t i on o f t h e r oad, whe r e it ran al ong a smal l nala,
it was f ound pr a c t i c a bl e t o u s e t h e h o r s e s .
"No a c c i d e n t o c c u r r e d t o e i t h e r b a t t e r y dur i ng t h e d e s c e n t , and a l l
t h e mul es and poni e s of t h e b a t t e r i e s , a s a l s o t h o s e of t h e Or dnance
Park, Engi ne e r s ' Fi el d Par k, and e n t i r e ba gga ge o f t wo compani es
s apper s and miners were enabled t o c r os s wi t hout any hitch. "
ZANA KHAN
"L &,
33-40 68-36. Zana Khan is t h e name of an al aqadar i i n t h e Ghazni
pr ovi nce. The a l a qa da r i c ompr i s e s an a r e a of 258 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s
and ha s an a gr i c ul t ur a l popul at i on whi ch h a s be e n e s t i ma t e d a t
3,350. The a l a qa da r i is bounde d i n t h e w e s t by Khwaja Omr i , i n t h e
nor t h by Sayyi dabad and Ch a r k h , i n t h e e a s t by Cha r kh, i n t h e s o u t h
by Deh Yak, and in t h e s out hwe s t by Ghazni. Zana Khan i ncl udes some
34 vi l l a ge s , none of whi ch h a s more t ha n 500 i nha bi t a nt s . The
vi l l a ge s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows : Azam Wal, Aman Khel ,
Bashagi , Bayani, Payendah Khel , Pur D e l , Chagi , Khacha Khel, Khwaja
Khel, Khushab De l , Daddo, Dadak, Du r Khan Khel, Rahat Khel, Rashi d
Khel, Zarak, Qala-i-Surkh, Sar-i-Qol, Sa f e da r , Sang Ab, Shaykhan,
Alam Khel, E waz Khan, Far i d, Faqi r , Mamus h (Qala-i-Mamos hi ) , Qala-i-
Moh' d-Hasan, Gadol, Gogar , Lola, Mullayan, Yasin Khel, Shahi , and
Haibat Khel. (LWA) I n 1912 t h e ar ea was d e s c r i b e d a s f ol l ows : A
smal l val l ey, and a p a s s of t h e same name, l e a di ng from Ghazni i n t o
Kharwar, t h e summi t o f t h e p a s s l yi ng a bout 1 9 miles n o r t h e a s t o f
Ghazni . The r oad over t h e p a s s is f i t f o r I ndi an camel s b u t would
r e q u i r e some i mpr ovement f o r wheel ed a r t i l l e r y, e s pe c i a l l y on t h e
e a s t e r n s i d e whi ch is t h e more d i f f i c u l t o f t h e t wo. (I.B.C.)
Z ANGAL cbr;
35-5 68-59 G. A vi l l age i n t h e Kaoshan gl en, about 6 1/4 miles
above its j unct i on wi t h t h e Ghorband val l ey. I t lies conceal ed i n a
mass o f t h i c k o r c h a r d s t e r r a c e d down t o t h e st r eam. (I.B.C.)
ZANGO KATS Or ZAKHEL
34- 70-. A vi l l age of 300 h o u s e s i n t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t ; it is
s i t ua t e d in a r avi ne o f t h e same name 1 0 m i l e s s out h- s out hwe s t of
A l i Boghan. The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Mohmands. The r e is a pl e nt i f ul
s u p p l y of wat er her e. (I.B.C.)
ZANGUL &j
34- 70-. A viLlage i n t h e Jalalabad d i s t r i c t , 3 miles s o u t h e a s t of
Besud. The i nha bi t a nt s a r e Arabs, and i n 1879 t h e headman was
Sai yi d Arab. ( Jen kyns. )
ZAOLI
A s ubs ect i on of Da i khi t a i Hazaras.
ZARAK
dj J
33- 69-. On e of t h e Ahmad Khel vi l l a ge s on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e
Kurram r i ve r , s o u t h e a s t of A l i Khel. The pl ace is sai d t o be abl e
t o t ur n out 200 f i g h t i n g men. (I.B.C.) Vi l l ages wi t h t h i s name ar e
l oc a t e d a t 33-14 69-23 A. and 33-19 68-1 m. (LWA)
ZARA KHUNDI
c(& d j j
34- 69-. The name gi ven t o a s h o r t r out e from Bel ut i n t h e Hariob
val l ey t o Gandamak, t h r o u g h t h e Khugi ani count r y. Thi s be gi ns by a
d i f f i c u l t pat h from t h e Lal i dar r avi ne up t h e pr e c i pi t i ous s i d e s of
t h e Saf ed Koh. Se e "Lakarai." A f o r t wi t h t h i s name is l ocat ed a t
34-2 69-59 G. (LWA)
ZARDAK
A l o c a l i t y i n t he J aghur i Hazara count r y.
ZARDALU
sf JJ~
A s e c t i on of Chahar Dasta Hazaras. A vi l l age wi t h t h i s name is
l oc a t e d a t 33-11 67-51 A. (LWA)
ZARDALU KAK
d ,.If djj
35-6 68-40 G. A haml et in t h e gl e n de s c e ndi ng s o u t h from t h e
Chahar dar pa s s , from whi ch it is d i s t a n t a bout 9 miles.
The r e is ampl e room f o r a bat t al i on t o encamp on some l e ve l s t r i p s
of c ul t i va t e d gr ound on t h e l e f t bank of t h e st r eam whi ch f l ows i n
t h e gl en, and f u r t h e r s p a c e is avai l abl e a little way up and down
t h e val l ey.
The wat er s u p p l y is good and abundant , and t h e r e is pl e nt y of f uel ;
s u p p l i e s in small qua nt i t i e s , a r e pr ocur abl e from a dj a c e nt vi l l ages.
Zardalu Kak is a most conveni ent hal t i ng- pl ace f o r t h e 4t h s t a ge
from Char i kar on t h e road from Kabul t o Haibak. (I.B.C.) A dar a wi t h
t h i s name i s l ocat ed a t 35-5 67-35 G. (LWA)
ZARDGAH OR ZARD-I-GAO
4rSdJj
35-1 67-9 m. A vi l l age i n Yak Walang, 17 miles ( by r oad) nor t h of
Kala J af i r . In 1886 it was d e s e r t e d on a c c ount of t h e l oc us t s . The
or di nar y in ha bi t a nt s a r e Takana Hazaras. Fi ve miles s o u t h e a s t is
t h e Kotal-i-Zardgah (10, 500 f e e t ) . The a s c e n t and d e s c e n t a r e bot h
eas y, ove r g e n t l e s l o p e s , and q u i t e pr a c t i c a bl e f o r guns . The Kotal
a nd g r o u n d o n b o t h s i d e s o f it a r e o p e n d a s h t , c u l t i v a t e d i n
p a t c h e s , and c a pa bl e o f bei ng c r o s s e d i n any di r e c t i on. (Amir
Khan. 1
ZARD- I -GAO See ZARDGAH &i
A pl a c e wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 34-57 67-15 A. (LWA)
ZARD SANG O r SHAHRISTAN & d i
34- 66-. A t a g a o d e s c e n d i n g s o u t h t o t h e head o f t h e Kirman val l ey.
A vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 34-29 66-9 m. (LWA)
*ZARD SANG
&" dJj
33-56 68-6 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on a t r i but a r y o f t h e Shi mi l t u,
some 3 m i l e s we s t o f Payenda i n Ghazni pr ovi nce. Anot her vi l l a ge
wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 34-41 67-17 G., a mount ai n, a t 34-22
66-40 G., and a da r a a t 35-12 67-58 G.
ZARD SANG
L djj
34-39 67-1 A. El evat i on a bout 13, 310 f e e t . A p a s s ove r t h e Koh-i-
Baba r a n g e a t t h e head of t h e Sar-i-Bulak Val l ey l e a di ng i n t o t h e
val l ey o f t h e Band-i-Amir.
ZARD SANG
&L djj
34-39 67-1 m. El evat i on 10, 820 f e e t . A vi l l a ge on t h e Maidan-i-Pai
Kotal -- Mazar-i-Sharif r oad, a bout 4 m i l e s n o r t h o f t h e Zard Sang
p a s s i n t h e Koh-i-Baba r ange.
ZARD SANG
L dJj
A vi l l age o f a bout 10 h o u s e s i n t h e e a s t o f t h e Dai Zangi c ount r y,
on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Si ah Dara st r eam.
* ZARGAR JJj
33-29 68-22 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d some 6 miles s o u t h we s t o f Ghazni ,
west o f t h e r oad t o Kandahar, i n Ghazni pr ovi nce.
ZARGARAN d 'JJj
34- 69-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Koh Daman, s i t u a t e d on an emi nence s o u t h
of t h e r i v e r Far za and a bout 24 miles n o r t h we s t of Kabul. (Masson.)
A vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 32-42 67-18 A.
ZARGHUN SHAHR J+ &A;
34-7 69-9 m. A l a r g e vi l l a ge in t h e Logar val l ey; it lies on t h e
Paiwar Kotal-Kabul r oad a t a bout 33 miles f r om Kabul. I t c o n s i s t s
of 9 haml et s, and i n 1880 had a popul at i on of 250 f ami l i es , hal f
Tajik and hal f Ahmadzai. The r e is room h e r e f o r a ve r y good and
unl i mi t ed campi ng gr ound wi t h an e x c e l l e n t wat er s u p p l y from kar ez.
Th e s u r r o u n d i n g l a n d is v e r y f e r t i l e , b e i n g wa t e r e d by k a r e z .
Grain, f o d d e r and f u e l obt ai nabl e in g r e a t quant i t y. The r e is a
s h r i n e h e r e o f Kh waja Sadar-i-Aolia.
A t Zargan Sha hr t h e Paiwar Kotal-Kabul r oad meets t h e Logar val l ey
r out e from Kabul t o Ghazni .
I t was from t h i s vi l l a ge t h a t Major-General H i l l s d e f e a t e d , wi t h h i s
caval r y, t h e Zur mat i s a t Pat kao-i -Shahana on t h e 1st J ul y 1880, see
t h e " Of f i ci al Hi s t or y of t h e Second Af g ban War." (I.B.C.)
ZARGHUN SHAHR 4 U5.i
32-51 68-27 m. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Katawaz d i s t r i c t , a bout 56 m i l e s
s o u t h o f Ghazni , 8 m i l e s f r om Kala-i-Langar. I t h a s a f o r t wi t h
about 50 h o u s e s o f ~u l a i ma n Khel Ghi l zai s , and about 500 a c r e s of
cul t i vat i on, of whi ch, however, much is fallow. (Broad foot.)
XARGR I
d~ri
A narrow gl en running s out h i nt o t h e Gurzah t agao j us t e a s t of t he
j unct i on of t h e l a t t e r wi t h t h e Akzarat valley.
ZAR I a';
34-40 66-53 m. Elevation 8,625 f e e t . Zari, ot he r wise known a s Kala
Nao, is s i t uat ed a t t h e j unct i on of t h e Zari and Bakkak gl ens, 6 1/2
miles nor t heas t of t h e Bakkak Kotal. Anot her pl ace wi t h t h i s name
is l ocat ed a t 35-57 66-42 A. (LWA)
ZARINKALA Or ZARIBKALA (4ui )
34-37 69-14 m. A s m a l l f o r t i n t h e Kabul di s t r i c t , 3 miles north-
e a s t of t h e Paiminar Kotal. (I.B.C. Recent maps show t h e name
Zari n Kala. ( LWA)
ZARKAWAL J'h
33-35 68-28. A vi l l age 4 miles nor t heas t of Ghazni, on t h e road
t he nc e t o Khar war. (I.B.C.)
ZARSANG &,j
35-13 67-58. A dar a whi ch dr ai ns nor t h t o t h e Sai ghan stream.
St ar t i ng from Nagara Khana a t t h e j unct i on of t h e Sai ghan and Bamian
r i ver s , t h e road t o Jalmish l e a ds up t h e Sai ghan valley f or about a
m i l e and t he n r uns up t h e narrow Pi shang Dara. I t is good, and f i t
f o r guns a s f ar a s t h e f oot of t h e Sal at i Kotal. Here t h e t rack
bends s har pl y t o t h e l e f t , and climbs t h e s t e e p s i d e of t h e valley.
The a s c e nt is 3/4 m i l e l ong, and t h e t ot al r i s e is 1,012 f eet . The
a s c e nt is very s t e e p, a s much a s 1 i n 3 f or t h e l a s t 1/4 mi l e , and
t h e s oi l of t h e hi l l s i de is cl ay and l oos e gravel , af f or di ng r at her
pr ecar i ous f oot hol d on t h e f i nal zi g-zags. Ther e is only a narrow
f o o t t r ack, and Laden mules ascend wi t h di f f i cul t y. To make even a
good camel t r ack would r equi r e some days. A t t h e t o p of t h e kot al
t h e r e i s no de s c e nt , but t h e t r ack al most a t once s t r i k e s t h e bed of
t h e Dara Kaftar Khana. Here a t r ack br anches t o t h e l e f t t o Bag hak
in t h e Aodara.
The Kaftar Khana Dara is a shal l ow ravi ne about 30 t o 50 yar ds wide,
and its bed is l evel and good goi ng f or all arms over small gr assy
chamans, with many s pr i ngs , f or t h e ne xt 3 m i l e s . A t 3 1/4 miles
(mileage from t h e Sal t i Kotal), about a quar t er m i l e s hor t of t h e
de s e r t e d f o r t of Kala Kaftar Khana, t h e road a s c e nds over a gent l e
s l ope up t h e r i s e bor der i ng t h e ravi ne on t h e l e f t t o t h e Kotal-i-
Khawaja Tajdin. Al t i t ude of t h e t o p of t h e kot al , 7,453 f e e t .
Here t h e t r ack de s c e nds a dr op of 700 f e e t i nt o t h e Dara Zarsang.
I t s gener al gr adi ent is 1 in 8, but s t e e p por t i ons occur a t 1 in 6
t o 1 i n 4. Ther e is a good t r ack pr act i cabl e f or l aden camels down
t h e open hi l l s i de, and it coul d easi l y be improved.
The Dara Zarsang a s f ar a s Khawaja Kashmir, 6 1/4 m i l e s , is fai rl y
open. I t is cul t i vat ed in pat ches ; and t hough s t ony i n pl aces,
t h e r e is a good camel t r ack up it. For its f i r s t 1 1/4 miles above
t h e f oot of t h e de s c e nt from t h e Tajdin Kotal t h e f i e l ds ar e contin-
uous. Por t i ons of t h e sur r oudi ng hi l l s i des ar e al so cul t i vat ed.
Thi s por t i on is cal l ed Mandao, and t h e r e a r e t wo m i l e s and some few
s cat t er ed habi t at i ons. The Zarsang valley was i nhabi t ed and c u l t i -
vat ed by t h e Taj i ks of Baghak unt i l 1886, but on account of t he
l ocust s t he y t he n emi grat ed t o t h e Dara Yusuf. Two or t hr e e s emi n-
d e r s still remain a t Baghak; but t h e Zarsang valley is qui t e deser -
t ed. Ther e is no wood, e x c e p t an occasi onal l a r ge mulberry t r e e i n
t h e valley.
The Zarsang j oi ns t h e Aodara a t Baghak, and becomes ve r y nar r ow and
r ock- bound i n its l owe r por t i ons . It is d i v i d e d i n t o t h e f ol l owi ng
s ma l l d i s t r i c t s :
1. Mandao 3 . Tai Kandi
2. Khawaja Kashmir 4. Sa i yi da n
5. Khawaja Ghar
Good campi ng gr ound a t Mandao or a t Khawaja Kashmir. No g r a s s or
f ue l , b u t i n or di na r y ye a r s s u p p l i e s would be pr ocur abl e.
Al t i t ude o f Khawaja Kashmir 7, 900 f e e t . Heavy s now f a l l s i n t h e
Dara Zar sang, and lies f o r t h e t h r e e wi nt e r mont hs .
Above Khawaja Kashmir t h e Dara Zarsang becomes a t o r t u o u s r o c k y
d e f i l e s h u t i n by l o f t y c l i f f s f o r t h r e e - q u a r t e r s of a m i l e , and t h e
t r a c k is ve r y r o c k y and d i f f i c u l t f o r l a de n mul es. It t h e n o p e n s
o u t t o a b r e a d t h o f 250 ya r ds ; its be d becomes s moot h, and t h e s i d e
s l o p e s less r oc ky, and in some pl a c e s s moot hl y r ounde d. Here t h e
t r a c k is ve r y e a s y and good, and r u n s t h r o u g h f i e l d s o r s m a l l g r a s s y
chamans.
A t 8 1/4 m i l e s Kala Tai Kandi and a c l u s t e r o f d e s e r t e d hove l s ; 10
1/4 m i l e s Sai yi dana; and a t 11 1/4 m i l e s Khawaja Ghar.
A t Khawaja Ghar t h e head o f t h e val l ey is r e a c he d unde r t h e f o o t o f
a l o f t y s e r r a t e d r i d g e . Here a t r a c k b r a n c h e s t o t h e r i g h t t o
Ghandak and Bamian onl y pa s s a bl e by men on f oot ; and t h e t r a c k t o
Jal mi sh l e a v e s t h e val l ey and b e n d s t o t h e l e f t u p an ope n h i l l s i d e
t o t h e Kotal-i-Pandanao. The rise f r om Khawaja Kashmir t o Khawaja
Ghar is 1, 850 f e e t . The t o p of t h e Pandanao Kotal is r e a c h e d a t 12
3/4 m i l e s . Al t i t ude 11, 260 f e e t . Rise from Khawaja Ghar 1, 500
f e e t . The a s c e n t of t h e kot al , owi ng t o its l e n g t h (1 1/2 m i l e s ) ,
is t r yi ng f o r b a g g a g e ani mal s. The r e is, howe ve r , a good, b u t s t o n y
zi g-zag pa t h u p t h e h i l l s i d e of a g e n e r a l g r a d i e n t o f 1 i n 7. The
h i l l s i d e is ope n; and t h e r e is no n e c e s s i t y t o a d h e r e t o t h e pat h-
way, and t h e g r a d i e n t can e a s i l y be r e d u c e d by i nc r e a s i ng t h e number
of t h e r et ur ns. The de s c e nt is much s t eeper ; it wi nds down a smooth
bar e s p u r ; cl ay s o i l wi t h l o o s e s t o n e s . The r e is a r ough pa t hwa y 4
f e e t wi de; b u t t h e g r a d i e n t is s t e e p (1 i n 8 t o 1 i n 4) and a f a l s e
s t e p would b e f a t a l t o any l a de n ba gga ge animal. The f o o t o f t h e
d e s c e n t is r e a c h e d a t 14 miles. Main d e s c e n t from kot a l is a f a l l
of 1, 400 f e e t .
Then t h e r e is a good pa t h wi t h e a s y g r a d i e n t down a s m a l l ope n
val l ey t o 1 5 1/4 miles, a s f a r a s t h e smal l haml et of Muhammad
Ki chah. The haml et is s i t u a t e d a t t h e j unct i on of a n o t h e r t r i but a r y
val l ey, b o t h of t h e s e head va l l e ys bei ng bor de r e d by l o f t y r i d g e s
t hr own o u t from t h e main Ghandak mountain. In b o t h of t h e s e head
val l eys, and f o r 2 m i l e s bel ow t h e haml et , t h e r e is a c o n s i d e r a b l e
e x t e n t o f c ul t i va t i on ( wheat ) i n t e r r a c e s ; and t h e or di na r y popul a-
t i on of t h e haml et is t h i r t y f ami l i es, Taj i ks o f Ghandak.
The val l ey r a pi dl y c o n t r a c t s be t we e n l o f t y r o c k y r i d g e s , and r o c k y
and d i f f i c u l t t o its mout h, whi ch is r e a c h e d a t 19 3/4 miles. The
l a s t 2 1/2 m i l e becomes a nar r r ow r oc ky g o r g e , and t h e t r a c k is
t h r o u g h o u t t h a t d i s t a n c e a s bad a s it w e l l coul d be, and is q u i t e
i mpr act i cabl e f o r any l a de n ani mal s, e x c e p t l i g h t l y l a de n mul es and
bul l oc ks , and d i f f i c u l t e ve n f o r t hem. A t one pl a c e t h e be d o f
g o r g e is o n l y 5 f e e t wi d e ; a t a n o t h e r it is o n l y 1 0 f e e t wi d e
be t we e n l o f t y c l i f f s , and t h e bed o f t h e wa t e r c our s e is t h e onl y
means of pa s s a ge . Down t h e wa t e r c our s e one h a s t o cl amber o f t e n
over s h e e t r oc k, ove r whi ch a s t r o n g mount ai n t o r r e n t is f l owi ng,
and l ed hor s es make t h e de s c e nt with di f f i cul t y.
The pa t h on meet i ng t h e Aodara f o r d s t h e r i v e r Bamian, and r u n s u p
t h e r i g h t bank, r e - c r os s i ng t o t h e l e f t bank t o t h e pr i nc i pa l haml et
of Jal mi sh, whi ch is r e a c he d a t 21 1/4 miles. Al t i t ude 6, 630 f e e t .
( Peacocke. ) A vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is l o c a t e d a t 34-4 68-43 m.,
and a mount ai n is a t 34-39 67-1 A. (LWA)
ZARSHAKH ( +) @~.i
34-35 69-1 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d a f e w m i l e s n o r t h we s t of Qargha
Lake i n Kabul pr ovi nce.
ZARSHO
SJ.~
A vi l l a ge 54 m i l e s f r om Kabul, 69 miles f r om Far aj ghan, c ons i s t i ng
o f 100 h o u s e s o f Sa f i s . Water is a dunda nt , f r om a st r eam. (Leech. )
ZARSHO-I-ARBABHA UJ' Gi
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Kama d e p a r t me n t o f t h e Jal al abad di s-
trict. I nha bi t a nt s : Moghal s. ( Jenkyns. ) A vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name
is l oc a t e d a t 34-54 69-32 G. (LWA)
ZARSHO-I-JALALUDDIN KHAN
J\ J&si
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e same d i s t r i c t a s t h e f or e goi ng. Inhabi-
t a nt s : Hind ki s , Arabs, Mohmands and Dehgans. ( Jenkyns. )
ZARYAFT
34-25 67-48 G. A v i l l a g e i n t h e Besud Count r y.
ZARYAFTA
34- 66-. A v i l l a g e i n t h e Dai Zangi d i s t r i c t of Lal .
ZARYAFTA See ROGHANI GARDAN .;iL
ZAWA 19 'i
34-10 70-5 G. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t , a bout 16 miles
s o u t h e a s t o f Gandamak. The i n h a b i t a n t s be l ong t o t h e Kharbun sec-
t i o n o f t h e Khugi ani s. ( Jenkyns. )
ZAWAR A
32-26 69-11 m. A stream whi ch f l ows s out h along t h e w e s t f oot of t he
Spe r a r a nge , and j oi ns t h e Gumal a t a p o i n t some 7 m i l e s above t h e
Kundar-Gumal c o n f l u e n c e a t Domandi. (I.B.C.) Re c e nt maps s how t h e
s p e l l i n g Za' ura Lgad. A vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 32-42
69-20 G. (LWA)
Z EBBUDAK
d 4 j
34- 68-. A vi l l a ge on t h e Kabul r i ve r , near its s o u r c e bel ow Jal-
r e z , whe nc e t h i s por t i on o f t h e val l ey is s omet i mes cal l ed t h e
d i s t r i c t o f Ze buda k. I t is e n t i r e l y i n h a b i t e d by Rust am Khel .
Wheat and rice a r e pr oduc e d i n l a r g e q u a n t i t i e s i n t h e val l ey.
(Nasson. )
ZERANA
d,fj
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge i n Laghman on t h e l e f t bank of the Kabul r i ver ,
a bout 0 miles from its j u n c t i o n wi t h t h e Al i nga r . I n h a b i t a n t s :
KO hi s t a ni s . The f 0110 wi ng haml et s a r e i nc l ude d i n Zerana:
1. Kotha-i-Azam 3, Banda-i -Mura Khan
2. Banda-i -AWul l a Khan 4. Banda-i-Mulla Khan
5. Kaj Mian Khan (Warburt on. )
ZERANI &'A
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge 4 miles we s t o f Jal al abad. The i nha bi t a nt s a r e
Ta j i ks and Dehgana. ( Jenkyns. ) Re c e nt maps s how t h e name Ziranj, a t
34-31 70-8 m. (LWA)
ZERBACHA
34-13 70-41 m. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t , a bout 3 m i l e s
s o u t h of Bat i k ot . ( Jenkyns. )
Z ERU J x j
A r a n g e o f mount ai ns d e s c r i b e d a s " t h e e nd of t h e r i d g e whi ch,
coming f r om t h e Sulaiman r a nge , d i v i d e s Zurmat f r om Katawaz, and
e n d s i n t h e Ab-i-Istada l ake. " (Broad f oot. )
*ZERUK See ZILUK d~
ZIARAT
~ ~ & j
34-40 70-10. A vi l l a ge i n Laghman, on t h e r i g h t o f t h e Al i shang
r i ver , 4 m i l e s above its j unct i on wi t h t h e Alingar. It c ont a i ns t h e
f ol l owi ng haml et s:
1. Banda- i-Wal i Muhammad
2. Banda-i-Shekhan
3. Banda-i -Sadul l a Khan
Th e i n h a b i t a n t s a r e S o h a k a nd S h a i k h a n Gh i l z a i s . ( War bur t on. )
Anot her vi l l a ge wi t h t h i s name is l oc a t e d a t 34-13 70-58 G. (LWA)
ZIARAT-I-MEHTAR LAM t y ~ ~ ~ b
A s h r i n e i n t h e Al i shang val l ey, Laghman d i s t r i c t , on t h e r i g h t bank
of t h e r i ver . I t is s u p p o s e d t o b e t h e t omb o f Lamech, Noah' s
f a t h e r , t o whom s ome a s c r i b e t h e or i gi n o f t h e name Lag hman. (Hol-
d i c h , Young.)
ZIARAT-I-PEWA rR&~b
34- 70-. A ha l t i ng pl a c e 8 miles from Sha r s ha hi . Water pl e nt i f ul .
Supphes not procurable. Good campi ng gr ound. ( Johnst on. )
ZI DI G See AHMAD DIWANA
(&a) &
*ZIKRIAKHEL AUj
35-2 69- 44 m. A v i l l a g e ne a r Mi r a n k h e l , on a t r i b u t a r y o f t h e
Tagab, i n Kapi sa pr ovi nc e .
*ZILUK O r ZIRUK
dd
33-9 69-18. Ziluk is an a l a qa da r i i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce. The al aqa-
da r i c ompr i s e s an a r e a o f 241 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s and ha s an a gr i c ul -
t ur a l popul at i on t h a t ha s been e s t i ma t e d a t from 9, 140 t o 11, 810.
The a l a qa da r i is bounde d i n t h e w e s t by Neka, in t h e s o u t h by Ur gun,
i n t h e e a s t by Spe r a h, and i n t h e nor t h by Jadr an. Ziluk h a s some
16 vi l l a ge s , 7 o f whi ch have more t h a n 500 i nha bi t a nt s . The vi l -
l a g e s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows : Salarn Khan-i-Kesham, Bakh-
mala Kesham ( Fe r oz Khan), Kheder Khel (Koti Khel ) , Sar Maidan, War
Jana ( Wur zana A l i Khan- Khel ) , Bal i Wur zana (Wurzana Khel-i-Bali),
Sharmai, Madakai, Sar Mast, Sur ai , Khudkai , Alamai, Dabai-i-Sultan-
Khel, Tang-i-Sultan-Khel, Tol ub Khel-i-Kesham, and Dalai.
Z IMMA &J
34-43 69-11 m. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Kabul d i s t r i c t , 10 m i l e s nor t h of
t h e Paiminar pa s s , on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Ju-i-Bar st r eam. Thi s
vi l l age g i v e s its name t o a p a s s i n t o Koh Darnan. (Kinloch. )
IMMA &j
34-43 69-11. A p a s s l e a di ng from t h e pl ai n nor t h of Kabul i n t o t h e
Koh Daman. Sever al r o a d s from Kabul c o n v e r g e a t t h e vi l l age o f
Zimma, s o u t h e a s t o f t h e pa s s , whe r e t h e r e a r e e a s y a p p r o a c h e s ove r
ope n gr ound t o Baba Kush Kar, Ak Sarai , etc. I t was by t h i s p a s s
t h a t Br i gadi er - Gener al Baker e n t e r e d t h e Koh-Daman i n December 1879,
i n o r d e r t o d e s t r o y t h e f o r t i f i e d vi l l a ge s be l ongi ng t o Mir Bacha.
( I .B.C.)
Z INA KHAN
(L;; ) CjL +j
33- 68-. A vi l l a ge s a i d t o b e a bout 1 6 m i l e s f r om Ghazni , t owa r ds
Kharwar. Th e i n h a b i t a n t s are Wardaks; 100 h o u s e s ; wa t e r from kar ez;
s ome c ul t i va t i on. Th e r o u t e on whi c h t h i s pl a c e s t a n d s is sai d t o
b e q u i t e i mp r a c t i c a b l e f o r wh e e l e d a r t i l l e r y , a n d s u p p l i e s a r e
pr obabl y ve r y s c a r c e on it. ( Scot t . ) Th i s is a p p a r e n t l y t h e same
pl a c e a s Zanak han. (LWA)
Z INDAN J &j
A val l ey ment i oned by Babar i n h i s memoi rs, a s l yi ng t o t h e west of
Kabul. I t is pr obabl y o n e o f t h e va l l e ys o f t h e Hazaraj at . (Babar.)
Z I NDAWANA
d, 4 &,
34- 69-. A vi l l a ge be t we e n t h e Si ah Sang r i d g e and t h e c i t y of
Kabul. I t is a smal l s t r a g g l i n g pl a c e on t h e r i g h t bank of t h e
r i ve r , c l o s e t o Pos t i ndoza. I nha bi t a nt s : Tajik s. (Kennedy. )
Z I NTEGA 6
33- 68-. Elev. 9, 150 f e e t . A p a s s l e a di ng ove r t h e h i l l s s o u t h of
Kharwar t o Kalalgu and Shi l gha r . The r oad f r om Mani Khel is ver y
good and r e a c h e s t h e kot a l by a s c a r c e l y p e r c e p t i b l e a s c e nt . Des-
c e n t on s o u t h s i d e is a l s o ve r y e a s y, and mi g h t wi t h some t r oubl e be
u s e d by whe e l e d a r t i l l e r y. Th i s p a s s is one o f t h e pr i nc i pa l r out e s
l e a di ng s o u t h f r om Kharwar. ( Gr i esbach. )
Z I RAK
d&
34-53 68-17. A d i f f i c u l t and h i g h p a s s l e a d i n g ove r t h e Koh-i-Baba,
s a i d t o b e onl y f i t f o r pack yabus and bul l oc ks . It is a ppr oa c he d
f r om t h e n o r t h by a t r a c k l e a di ng u p t h e Bed k u l val l ey. The l a t t e r
j oi ns t h e Ghor band val l ey 3 miles e a s t of t h e Shi bar Kotal, is t wo
h u n d r e d y a r d s wi de a t its mout h, and is c ul t i va t e d and i nhabi t ed.
Anot her t r a c k l e a d s t o Kotal-i-Zirak by t h e Shumbal Dara. (Pea-
cocke. )
*ZIRAY Or ZHIRAI crrj
34-25 70-50 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d on t h e I nj e r Khwar, a bout 5 mi l es
n o r t h e a s t o f Gos ht a , i n Nangar har pr ovi nce.
ZIRMALA See ZURMAT rl xj
ZIRUK See ZILUK 4 5
Z IWALAT % hi
34-28 68-41 m. A g r o u p o f f o u r Ghi l zai vi l l a ge s on t h e l e f t bank of
t h e Kabul r i ve r , a bout 5 1/2 miles bel ow J al r ez. (Wanliss. ) Recent
maps show t h e spel l i ng Zaywalayat. (LWA)
ZIZHGAI (A&)&
33- 68-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Ghi l zai d i s t r i c t , near Pannah, i nhabi t ed
by Audar and Tar aki Ghi l zai s mi xed. The r e is a peak o f t h i s name On
t h e r a n g e whi c h d i v i d e s Zurmat from t h e Sh i l g h a r d i s t r i c t . (Broad-
f o o t .)
ZOAR
ui
A vi l l a ge on t h e nor t h s l o p e s o f t h e Sa f e d Koh, and s o u t h of Ganda-
mak. It is f amed f o r t h e mul t i t ude o f its vi ne ya r ds and or c ha r ds .
(Hasson. )
ZOHAK
( d b )Jbj
34-49 67-58 A. An e x t e n s i v e rui n near t h e debouchur e of t h e Paimuri
( ~ a l u ) gl en i nt o t h e Bamian val l ey, 95 1/2 miles from Kabul by t h e
Irak pa s s and 1 1/2 m i l e s from Kala Sarkari . Maitland, who vi s i t ed
t h i s pl ace i n November 1884, says:
"The a s c e n t t o Zohak is a f e w hundr ed yar ds up t h e Paimuri, on t h e
r i g h t hand. A s t e e p zig-zag r oad, r a t he r narrow and o u t of r epai r ,
but whi ch can still b e r i dde n up, is de f e nde d all t h e way, on t h e
out er s i de , by a l i ne of bat t l ement ed walls and t ower s , still f ai r l y
pe r f e c t . The w a l l s a r e of sun-dri ed br i ck, t h e b r i c k s bei ng made of
t h e t ough r e d d i s h cl ay of t h e hill. They a r e ar r anged in ope n
pat t er ns t owa r ds t h e t o p of t h e w a l l s and t ower s . Thes e out e r
f or t i f i cat i ons a r e t h e most s t r i ki ng of t h e whole. They l ooked t o
me t o be of l a t e r d a t e t han t h e pl ace i t s e l f . Some of t h e t owe r s
her e a r e oct agonal , and some of t h e a r c h e s a r e di s t i nc t l y poi nt ed,
t hough f l at . But t h e maj ori t y of t h e a r c h e s a r e r ound- headed.
Besi des t h e l i ne of wal l s and t owe r s cover i ng t h e road, t owe r s a r e
pl aced in s ever al pl aces on knol l s, or t h e s h o u l d e r s of s p u r s , and
connected by curt ai ns with t h e ot her works. A s seen from below, t h e
gener al e f f e c t is pi c t ur e s que , and even i mpr essi ve: not hi ng can
al t oget her overcome t h e meanness of as pect inseparable from t h e mud-
bri ck bui l di ngs ; and t h e col our of t h e walls and t ower s is s o nearl y
t h a t of t h e s t e e p br oken s l o p e s behi nd, t h a t t h e y a r e al most l o s t
a g a i n s t it. I make t h e s e r e ma r k s , a s a p r e v i o u s t r a v e l l e r h a s
wr i t t en of Zohak in a s t y l e cal cul at ed t o gi ve an a l t o g e t h e r f a l s e
i dea of its appear ance. Apart from t h e i r ant i qui t y and as s oci at i ons
nei t her t h i s pl ace, nor Ghul ghul ah, a r e wor t h goi ng a qua r t e r of a
mile t o see and a s a r c hi t e c t ur a l remai ns a r e abs ol ut el y i ns i gni f i -
cant be s i de t h e magni f i cent f o r t s , pal aces and t ombs, whi ch abound
i n I ndi a.
"Two gat eways a r e pas s ed t hr ough, near t h e f o o t of t h e a s c e nt , and
above t h e s econd t h e road is t unnel l ed, f o r a few yar ds , t h r o u g h
s o f t r ock. I t h i n k t h e a s c e n t is about a quar t er of a m i l e , p e r h a p s
more.
" A t t h e t o p of t h e hi l l , t h e upper pa r t s of t wo or t h r e e r avi nes,
runni ng t o t h e main val l ey, have been encl os ed by l i n e s of walls and
t ower s r adi at i ng from a l o f t i l y pl aced ci t adel , whose s out he r n f a c e
appears t o overhang t h e preci pi t ous s i de of a deep and narrow ravine
runni ng a t r i g h t a ngl e s t o t h e ~ a i mu r i gl en. Mi ndful of Tal bot ' s
advi ce, I di d not g o up t he r e . Ther e a r e many l a r ge chambers al ong
t h e l i ne s of wall, s qua r e in plan and wi t h domed r oof s , t h e s qua r e
being conver t ed i nt o an oct agon in exact l y t h e same way a s t h e
caves. In f a c t t h e i nt er i or de t a i l of many of t h e caves is s o
remarkably si mi l ar t o t h a t of t h e s e domed chamber s of raw br i ck,
t h a t one would imagine t h e former had been hewn out in c a r e f u l
i mi t at i on of t h e l a t t e r , were it not cer t ai n t h a t t h e caves e x i s t e d
l ong be f or e t h e r ui ns.
"The i nt er i or walls, t hough of t h e same sun-dri ed br i ck t hr oughout ,
are of somewhat ruder construction than t hos e of t h e ot her def ens es ,
and t h e r e i s no at t empt a t ornament at i on. They a r e by no means
big h, about 18 f e e t wher e pe r f e c t . The c i t a de l walls may be hi ghe r ,
but I di d not see t hem. The f oundat i ons her e, a s a t Ghul ghul ah and
el s ewher e, a r e of r ough round s t o n e s bedded in clay. Thi s r ubbl e is
cont i nued a f o o t or t wo above t h e gr ound. The i nt er i or s p a c e s of
t h e l ower por t i on of t h e f o r t r e s s a r e al most empt y. I saw some hal f
cave dwel l i ngs in one of t h e hol l ows, and no doubt habi t at i ons of a
s uper i or s o r t e x i s t e d a t t h e t o p of t h e hill. Bu t t h e pl ace a ppe a r s
t o have been i nt ended r a t he r t o s h e l t e r a l a r ge number of warri ors
i n t i m e o f war t h a n f o r per manent oc c upa t i on by an or di na r y popula-
t i on. In f a c t t h e latter woul d have b e e n much i ncommoded by t h e
want o f a c onve ni e nt wa t e r s uppl y. A s a s t r a t e g i c f o r t r e s s Zohak is
w e l l pl a c e d, commandi ng t h e e x i t s of t h e t h r e e pr i nc i pa l p a s s e s i nt o
t h e val l ey f r om t h e west, pr a c t i c a l l y all t h e r o a d s from Kabul."
( Mai t l and .)
ZUKHAGAK
.&,
A p a s s l e a d i n g ove r t h e h i l l s n o r t h o f Kharwar f r om Or f an t o t h e
Shi ni z val l ey. I t is a ve r y d i f f i c u l t t r a c k and onl y pa s s a bl e by
men on f o o t , or s h e e p . ( Gr i esbach. )
ZULICH &J
34-55 66-34 m. A s m a l l da r a d e s c e n d i n g n o r t h t o t h e Bandi-i-Amir,
i n t h e w e s t o f t h e Yakh Walang d i s t r i c t . Th e r e a r e 1 0 h o u s e s of
Ha z a r a s a t Dahan- i - Zul i c h. ( Mai t l and. ) Th e vi l l a ge is l oc a t e d a t
34-53 66-31 m. (LWA)
ZULMABAD
,q+
34- 70-. A vi l l a ge i n t h e Jal al abad d i s t r i c t , on t h e r i g h t bank of
t h e Kabul r i ve r , close t o its j unc t i on wi t h t h e Sur khab. The i nhab-
i t a n t s are Ghi l zai s. ( Jenkyns. )
ZURI A 4wj
35-31 69-43. A t r a c k ove r t h e Hi ndu Kush, whi c h a p p e a r s t o l eave
t h e Pa nj s hi r val l ey a t Sa f e d Jir, a b o u t 8 m i l e s a bove Marz. Here is
t h e mout h of t h e Dara Zuria, i n whi c h is a haml et wi t h some trees.
Th e r oad t o t h e Zuria Kotal is be l i e ve d t o l e a d up t h i s dar a. Af t e r
c r o s s i n g t h e kot a l , t h e r oad d e s c e n d s t h e Arzi a o r Zur i a Dara, whi ch
r u n s i n a g e n e r a l n o r t h e r l y d i r e c t i o n down t o t h e u p p e r Andarab
val l ey. Th e r o u t e is c o n s i d e r e d a bad one, and is s a i d t o be onl y
pr a c t i c a bl e f o r l a d e n b u l l o c k s and donke ys . It can ha r dl y b e more
t h a n a mer e f o o t p a t h , and is o f little mi l i t ar y i mpor t ance, t h o u g h
it mi g h t be u s e d by i n f a n t r y wi t h o u t ba gga ge , e i t h e r t o t ur n t h e
Khawak and Ti1 p a s s e s , or t o r e l i e v e p r e s s u r e i n e v e n t o f a movement
by t h o s e r oa ds . (A.B.C.)
ZURKALA
%A
34-27 70-52 m. A vi l l a ge l oc a t e d s ome 8 miles n o r t h e a s t o f Gos ht a
i n Nangar har pr ovi nce.
*ZURKOT See MUSA KHEL +$A
ZURHAT
' ; , j
33-25 69-7 m. Zurmat is a wol eswal i i n Pakt i a pr ovi nce. The woles-
w a l i c o mp r i s e s an a r e a o f 917 s q u a r e ki l ome t e r s and h a s an agr i cul -
t u r a l popul a t i on t h a t ha s be e n e s t i ma t e d a t from 20, 217 t o 42,841.
The woleswali is bounded i n t h e s o u t h by Mata Khan and Orma,
i n t h e
e a s t by Shawak, i n t h e n o r t h e a s t by Gar dez, i n t h e n o r t h by Cha r kh,
and i n t h e w e s t by Zena Khan and Deh Yak. Zurmat h a s some 129
vi l l a ge s , 23 o f whi c h ha ve more t h a n 500 i nha bi t a nt s . The vi l l ages
are l i s t e d i n t h e PG a s f ol l ows :
Be k wal -i -Orya Khe l , Mazar Khe l , Qal a-i -Al ef, Maroz Khel , Gorjai,
Husain K hel , Shah Karez, Makawa-i-Ulya, Makawa-i-Dawlatzai ( ~ i y a d a d
Khel ) , Char Kala, Omar Khel, Nek Nam, Naway Kadus, ~ados - i - Kohna
( Z d Kadus), Hawas Khel , Gandi r Khel, Sa r di Khel, Kohi gar , Mangal
Khel , Khurdah-i-Malikan, Malikan, Spi n Tak h t , paye Loch, ~ u l d a d
Khel, Hazar Khel , Khandak, Hayat Khel , Ghol a Khel, Bat or, ~ i r a i
(Zoya Khel ) , Dawlat Khan, Dawl at zai , Nazar Khel, Sha ka r Khel, Baba-
kar Khel , Mulla Shamol zai (Madiwal), Mira Jan-i-Mamozai (Bangiyan) t
Baki Khel, Shadi dar , Khader Khan, Janak Khel-i-Mamozai, Mat t kai
Khel, Zapar Khel, Omar Khel, Turah Baz Khel, Fat eh Khel, Lak D e w a l ,
Ast ogan, Khwaja Pat ehul l a, Kuli Khel, Mado Khel, Ghani Khel, Shai kh-
an, Khwajagan, Jal al zai , Bahram Khel, Alozai, Timur Khel, Haibat
Khel, Al i Jan Khel, Shah Gum Khel, Adam Khel (Adram Khel ), Madwal,
Ad hund zadah Khel (Tsarai wa Mullayan) , Mullayan-i-Shabaka, Khair
Mast, Sarmast Khel, Chi ni , Menjawor, Chal ozai , Shai k h Nur, Mullah
Khel , Nakam, Dawl at Khan ( Dawl at Khe l ) , Zol Kohi ( Kohi Kohna) ,
Godal, Khuni Bag hc ha (Haw z-i-Bag hcha) , Kharashai , Joma Gu l Kala,
Adin Khel, Mushak, Mastak, Darya Khan, Sepaye, Patan Khel, Gandah
Khel, Ashkawi , Matwarkh, Azmat Khel, Barat Khel, Ashok Khel, Sur kai ,
Zotni Khel, Khwaja Dad Khel, Khudi Khel, Al i m Khel, Shol gad, Haidari
Kala, Ibrahim Khel, Jan Moh'd Khel, Shamulzai, Khoji Khel, Babakar,
Mullah Kala, Kandai Kala, Hayat Khel, Rahman Khel, Kaki Kala, Naja-
rano Kala, Jeba, Shah Sahi b Kala, Shahbaz Khel, Imni Khel, Mukarab
Khel, Shabak, Kaliyan, Kulalg 0, Mullayan, Sar-i-Jar, Seray, Jag hat i -
yan, Payendah Khel, Zar ghun Shahr , Nawai Kohi, Konbi Khazak, Luchi
Khel, Sal i h Khel, Lalo Khel, Mimizai Ahangaran, Baro Khel, Maraye
Khel-i-Mamozai, Miyadad Khel, Kambad, Tor saye, Babat Khel, Mirza
Khel, Qala-i-Surkh, Tata Nak, Qala-i-Alozai, Tani Khel, Zarin Khel,
Sahak, Worya Khel, Koti Khel, and Panj Paye. (LWA) In 1914 t h e
ar ea was de s c r i be d a s f ol l ows: A d i s t r i c t s e pa r a t e d from Logar by a
s out h- wes t er n br anch of t h e Saf ed Koh r ange, by t h e Altimur pas s .
Sout hwe s t of t h e d i s t r i c t , and bor der i ng on it, is Katawaz. I t s
e a s t e r n boundar y is f or med by s p u r s from t h e Jadr an hi l l s. Very
little is known of Zurmat, and no s ur ve y of t h e c ount r y exists. I t
is sai d t o be a pl ai n 40 miles l ong by 20 a c r os s , and is wat er ed by
a st r eam r unni ng from Kalalgu, and al s o by one from t h e Altimur
pass. The pr i nc i pa l pl ace is Gar dez, whi ch us ed t o be t h e r e s i d e n c e
of t h e Ghi l zai Gover nor , Arsala Khan, and is now one of t h e g r e a t
c e n t e r s of t h e Ghi l zai t r i be. Molloy says: "The i nha bi t a nt s o f
Zurmat bel ong in t h e main t o t h e f ol l owi ng s e c t i o n s of t h e Sulaiman
Khel Ghi l zai s, vi z.
1. Sohak 3 . Tuta Khel
2. Ahmadzai 4. Minzai
5. Mamozai
Ther e a r e a l s o some Taj i ks and Khar ot i s s e t t l e d i n Zurmat. The
f ol l owi ng a r e some o f t h e vi l l a ge s owned by t h e d i f f e r e n t s e c t i ons :
Gardez, Taj i ks; Koshi n, Sohak; Chara and Machalgar, bot h Ahmadzai;
Robat, Tajik; Sohak, a vi l l age i nhabi t ed by Sohaks. In t h e t own of
Zurmat i t s e l f a r e Sul ai man Khel , Mi nzai and Mamozai s e c t i o n s .
Kalalgu is a Tajik vi l l age; Urgan is a not he r Tajik vi l l age. Khwaja
Khel be l ongs t o t h e Sohak s e c t i on; Sar af zai is an i n d e p e n d e n t vil-
l a ge in t h e pos s e s s i on of t h e Sulaiman Khel s ect i on. Thi s must be
one of t h e l a r g e s t pl a c e s in Zurmat; it is sai d t o cont ai n a s many
a s 2,000 hous es . In t h e d i s t r i c t of Katawaz most of t h e i nha bi t a nt s
a r e sai d t o be i nde pe nde nt , whi l s t a f ew a r e s ubj e c t , but i n Zurmat
t h e maj ori t y p r e f e r t o be r ai at s , whi l s t t h e mi nor i t y a r e i nde pe nd-
e nt . The t ot a l f ami l i es in Zurmat a r e comput ed a t from 25,000 t o
30,000, and t h e y pay 1 1/2 l a k h s of r u p e e s i n r evenue. But t h i s is
r ar el y r eal i zed in e i t h e r Zurmat or Katawaz unt i l f or c i bl e s t e p s a r e
t aken t o e x a c t it."
The pr es ent Hakim of Zurmat i s one Muhammad Aslam Khan.
There a r e s a i d t o be f our pr i nc i pa l r out e s i n Zurmat, vi z :
1. To Kabul vi a t he Altimur pass
2. To Kurram vi a t h e Chakmani va l l e y
3. To Ghazni vi a Kalalgu
4. To Mukur v i a Shi l ghar
L i t t l e or not hi ng i s known of t h e nat ur e of t h e s e r oa ds wi t h t h e
e xc e pt i on of t h e f i r s t one--see "Altimur." In Sept ember , 1838, a
f o r c e , i nc l udi ng a r t i l l e r y and caval r y, v i s i t e d Zurmat, and agai n in
Se pt e mbe r , 1841 t r o o p s were s e n t i n t o t h e d i s t r i c t t o r e d u c e it t o
or der , and t h e f or t s , which were found de s e r t e d, were all dest r oyed.
The l a t t e r e x p e d i t i o n c o n s i s t e d o f 200 men o f Her Maj est y' s 44t h
Foot , 5 t h I nf a nt r y, Ande r s on' s Hor se, 6 t h S h a h ' s I nf a nt r y, Capt ai n
Ba c khous e ' s mount ai n t r a i n, f o u r g u n s o f No. 6 Bat t er y, t wo 8-inch
mortars, t wo iron 9-pounders, and t h r e e companies of Shah' s Sappers.
Thi s f o r c e c r o s s e d t h e Altimur on t h e 3r d and 4 t h Oct ober 1841.
Capt ai n Abbot t ( f r om whos e j our nal t h e s e d e t a i l s a r e t a ke n) de-
s c r i b e d t h e Zurmat val l ey a s w e l l wa t e r e d and s u s c e p t i b l e o f g r e a t
f e r t i l i t y , b u t t h e i nha bi t a nt s were f e w i n number, and n o t above
hal f t h e avai l abl e l and wa s c u l t i v a t e d a n n u a l l y , t h e o t h e r ha l f
r e ma i n i n g f a l l o w. T h e h i l l s were s p r i n k l e d wi t h s t u n t e d f i r s ,
r e s e mbl i ng t h e j uni pe r i n f ol i a ge . H e d e s c r i b e d Ga r de z a s a remark-
a b l e o b j e c t i n t h e val l ey, be i ng b u i l t on an i s ol a t e d hi l l , about 40
f e e t above t h e pl ai n, havi ng a s o r t o f c i t a d e l on a nat ur al mound
r i s i n g 20 o r 30 Feet h i g h e r .
Duri ng t h e Br i t i s h oc c upa t i on of t h e Logar val l ey i n t h e summer of
1880, t h e Zur mat i s and t h e i r n e i g h b o r s o f Katawaz a s s e mbl e d i n some
f o r c e on t h e Altimur pa s s , and made oc c a s i ona l d e s c e n t s t o annoy t h e
t r o o p s and t o mol e s t t h e p e o p l e f r i e n d l y t o t h e l a t t e r . The not o-
r i o u s Wardak l e a d e r , Muhammad J an, f ome nt e d t h e e x c i t e me n t from a
d i s t a n c e , and a t l a s t a l a r g e body o f t h e t r i be s me n commi t t ed them-
s e l v e s t o an a dva nc e down t h e val l ey a s f a r a s Patkao-i-Shahana. A t
t h i s l a t t e r pl a c e t h e y we r e e nc ount e r e d on t h e 1st J ul y by Palli-
s e r ' s b r i g a d e of caval r y, and u t t e r l y r out e d.
In t h e Pu s h t u l a ngua ge t h e d i s t r i c t is c a l l e d Zirmala, b u t Zurmat is
t h e name r e c o g n i z e d gener al l y. ( Abbot t , Broad f o o t , Molloy, I.B.C.)
Glossary of Terms
~ f t a b
Ahingar
Ahu
Ak -T
i9
'a k L
T Akhor, or Aokhor , -, ,
Alaf
Alakadari
Alaman
Alkhani, or Ulkhani ,U 1
Alparghan or Altarghan L& t
Water, also a stream or river.
Used in northern Afghanistan for reser-
voir or cistern.
The sun.
A blacksmith ; ahingaran, blacksmiths, is
a common name for a village.
Deer; the big deer of the Oxus is called
gawaz; kurk-i-ahu is "kurk" made of
deer's "pashm"; a gazelle.
A summer camping ground or village, in
contradistinction to kishlak, winter camp.
This word means simply nomad; chahar-
aimak the four nomad tribes; dowazda-
aimak, the twelve nomad tribes, kib-
chaks.
White; ak-sakal, white beard, the head
man of a village.
A diminutive suffix, as bazarak, meaning
a little bazar; saraiak, a little sarai.
A drinking trough, a cylindrical mud
trough from which horses eat their
bhusa; otherwise a manger; mirakhor,
master of the horse, head groom.
Grass.
A district, subdivision.
A raid, particularly a Turkoman raid;
also a party of raiders; rah-i-alaman, a
track followed by raiding parties.
See Ilkhani.
A small bush with a yellow flower, very
similar t o Iskich.
Pass.
Anbar
Angur
Angu ri
Anjir
Aokhor
Aolia
Aorez
Araba
Ard
Arbab
Archa
Arg, or Ark
Arik
Ar zan
Asia
ASP
Azhdaha
Azwaji
Bad
*at
Bai (Boi in some dialects)
A store or granary.
Grapes.
Revenue on fruit trees and vines.
Figs.
See Akhor.
A ziarat or shrine.
A stream of water.
A cart.
Island; the Aral Sea is said to be so
called, because it is full of islands.
The headman of a village (among Tajiks,
and other Persian-speaking peoples).
The juniper tree, "obusht" in Pushtu.
Citadel or keep.
Canal; yang-arik, the new canal.
Millet .
Watermill; bad-asia, a windmill.
Horse; maidan-i-asp; used as a vague
measure of distance, meaning about a
quarter, or half, a mile.
Dragon, often met with as the name of a
locality in connection with some legend.
Revenue on arable land.
Wind; badasia, wind-mill; badgir, a venti-
lator; bad-i-sad-o-bist roz, the wind of
120 days, famous in Sistan and Herat.
Garden or orchard; chahar-bagh, a
common name.
The orchard suburbs of a town or village.
A title applied t o any well-to-do Usbak or
Turkoman. It implies an owner of flocks.
Bairak Literally a standard; a company of
khasadars.
Mare. ~ a i t a l
Bda High, in contradistinction to "pa'in" low;
bala hisar, the high fort, is used indiffer-
ently with "ark" for citadel.
Bam, or Bum Terrace, roof, any flat place or plateau
on the top of a cliff; apparently also the
cliff or scarp itself. The name Bamian is
probably Bam-mian, "between cliffs or
terraces."
Band
Bandar
Literally a dam, fequently used for range.
Road; never used in the sense of market
or port.
Barak Soft cloth woven from sheep's wool and
undyed. Superior barak is called "kurk."
J-,
Barkhan
Bash
Sand dunes.
Head; bashi, the headman of anything, as
sad-bashi, chief of 100, a captain of khasa-
dars; mingbashi, chief of a 1,000, was a
leader of Iocal levies in northern Afghani-
stan; karawalbashi, chief of outposts.
Bast
Closed or enclosed; di wd bast, sur-
rounded by a wall.
Baz
Bazg ar
Bed
Beg
Hawk; jangal-i-baz, hawk, wood.
A tenant cultivator.
Willow.
A common title among all Turki-speaking
peoples; a beg is a more important per-
son than a "bai;" begler begi, the beg of
begs, a high title.
Beghami
Be1
Be1
See Tahwil pago.
A spade.
This word is a synonym of "kotal" or
"gardan," pass.
Bhusa
Bini
Birinj
Bolak
Bolak, or Buluk
Borida
Bum
Bunnu
~ur i abaf
Burj
Burkhan
Burna
Buta
Buzghunj
Chah
Chaharbagh
Chaharmagz
Chakao
Charnan
Chapchal
Chargo
Chashma
Chehildukhtar
Chopped straw. The straw is naturally
broken small by the process of threshing
with bullocks.
Nose; applied t o the spur of a hill.
Rice.
Spring.
Sub-division of a district, a tduk.
Pierced or cleft; sang-borida, the pierced
rock.
See "Barn."
A kind of grass.
Mat or basket-work. Weaver.
A tower, or bastion.
A ridge of sand, formed by the winds
action into the shape of a wave.
I-hgh; same as "bala."
Small brushwood.
The gall of the pista, pistachio, tree; it is
produced in alternate years with the
berry.
Well.
See "Bagh."
Walnuts; literally "four kernels."
A waterfall.
Any grassy place; turf.
A road cut in rock.
'I2 of a pago.
Common word for a spring, but applied
t o a small stream.
Forty daughters; a common name of
locality.
Chim
Chinar
Chir, or Chil
Chob
F
A clod of earth or sod of turf.
Plane tree.
Pine.
Wood; or piece of wood; a pole, stick, or
club.
Chol Turkish for a desert; common in Af-
ghanistan, and always applied t o a sandy
waste.
Chopan
Chughur
Dahbashi
Dagh, or Tagh
Dahan
Shepherds.
Deep.
Head of ten; sergeant or havddar.
Range or hill.
Mouth; commonly applied to the lower
part of a glen, valley, ravine, or stream.
A place at the mouth of a valley, glen, or
a stream.
Dahana
Cultivation not dependent on irrigation;
same as "lalmi."
Daima, or Daimi
Marsh.
Daqq
Dara, Darrah Properly a valley; generally applied to a
narrow rocky glen or defile; especially
with a stream flowing through.
Darakht Tree; yak-darakht, one tree; ming-da-
rakht, a thousand trees.
Darband
Daria
Darw aza
A gorge or defile.
A river; Amu Daria, the Oxus.
~ i t e r a l l ~ a door; also applied to a gap
between hllls or short defile.
Dash t A gravelly or stony plain or open space;
often applied to flat, gravelly plateaux of
small size.
Hand or fist.
I - J
Das t
I , J Pass.
Davan
Deh
Deh kan
Dev
Diwd
Dongaz
Dost
Duzd
Farash
Farsakh
Fasl
Gah
Gallah
Gandum
4 Village; dehat, populated count v;
suburbs or a town.
( , L J )
An agricultural tenant or laborer.
%J
Demon or supernatural being; occurs in
names, as Dev Kda, Dev Hisar.
J ' XJ wall.
3; , J
Understmd t o be Turkoman for sea or
lake.
L , J A friend.
, J Robber; duzdan, robbers; chashma
duzdan the robbers' spring; rah-i-duzdan,
a robbers' road implying a difficult, out-
of-the-way path.
j J s a t .
\
This word is of Turkic origin, meaning
large or big; ellai (see "Bai"), a man
of importance, a large sheep-owner;
elband, the great range or dam, said to
be the real name of the e elm and river-
Rud-i-Elband, the river of the great
range, or great dam.
3 9
Spread out ; sang-i-farash, sheet rock.
j
Parasang, a measure of length varying
from 3'1, t o 4 miles, but always called
12,000 paces; farsakh-i-gurg, or wolFs
farsakh, is anything from 7 t o 10 miles.
Also, 18,000 feet.
JeJ Harvest. Season.
4 ' J Place; kadam-gah, a footprint; shikugah,
hunting ground.
d A flock, a number, also "in kind."
r
-1- Wheat.
Gao
Gao, or Gai \5 ,\5
c)
Gardan, Gardana u +3
Garm-sel
A
Gawaz
jd
Gaz
3
Gaz
A
Ghami, or Ghani Pago
& &
Ghar
Gilim
Gosfand
Gowd
Gumbaz, or Gumbad
Gurg
Guzar
Ghrunah
Haidara
Haizum
Hakim
A cow; post-i-gao, cow skin; occurs more
than once as the name of a place said t o
have been measured with a cow's skin
cut in strips, a hide of land.
Oxen or bullocks.
A low neck, or an easy kotal, where a
low place in hill or ridge is crossed.
A low-lying, hot , country.
The large deer of the Oxus.
A yard or pace (varies considerably).
Tamarisk or manna tree.
A small gang of men organised as a unit
for agricultural labour. It differs from a
tahwil pago in being liable for State serv-
ice, vide Khash.
A cave; this common word is used for an
animal's den in Hazarajat; mountain
range.
A long narrow carpet.
Sheep; rah-i-gosfand, a sheep track, often
a well marked road, but when known as
a "rah-i-gosfand" is impracticable.
Depression.
A domed building; a tomb or shrine.
Wolf; gurg-farsakh, a long farsakh.
A crossing place; a ford; a ferry; used by
Turkomans for a place where the banks
of a river are practicable, and animals
can go t o drink; a watering place.
Mountains, mountain range.
Graveyard.
Firewood.
Governor of a province or district.
Doctor. hki m
3amai
Hamsaya
Hamun
- "Hing," the asafoetida plant.
b Neighbor; client.
" -18
Literally the sea; any large piece of water
or place where water collects, especially
the lakes of Sistan.
Hamwar
\ ,A Level smooth.
Haram -sarai
1 - See "Sarai."
Hashar , A gang of labourers who make canals.
Hauz , , +- An artificial reservoir for water; it may
be an open pond, or a brick-built cistern.
Hinduwana ( j 1 , Watermelon.
Hing L The asafoetida, or angoza, plant.
Hisar L A fort; dev-hisar, the demon's castle.
Hotpur, or Utpur &,' i b A tower.
I khrajat
G ! + Land revenue.
, A title among Hazaras and Chahar
Aimak tribes; an ikhtiar is generally the
headman of a village, kul ikhtiar is a
higher rank, and sahib ikhtiar higher
still, probably a chief of some irnpor-
tance.
dbai, or Il bep & &I See "El."
llband & &\ See "El."
rlkhani I A title of honour; the head of tribe.
Ishan I A Turkoman, or Uzbak, sayyid.
\
A small, spreading bush, very common in
t
the Hazarajat, Taimani country, etc. It is
poor fuewood, but rope is said to be
made of the fibres.
lspust L -1 Lucerne.
A party sent out t o do honour t o a
distinguished person on arrival at a place;
a guard of honour.
Izbashi
Jaidad
A title among Hazaras.
Land given by way of payment for mili-
tary service.
Jageer
J da
Jam
Jangal
Jao
Jar
A fief, pension.
A raft.
Cup.
Forest.
Barley.
A ravine; a s m d tagao; in Turkistan, a
hollow; a stream.
Jarib A measure of land (not a thing t o meas-
ure with as in India).
Jawd
Jazira
Je h il
Jowar, or Jowari
Juft
Bag.
Island .
Lake.
Millet.
A pair (of oxen), i. e., a plough land -
see "Kulba."
Jui
Julga, Jilga
Kabal, or Kabul
Kadam
Kadim
Kadkhoda
Kafila
Irrigation canal or stream.
A glen.
sheep-fold.
Pace; kadan-gah, a footprint.
Ancient.
Headman.
A number of animals carrying merchan-
dize or baggage; baggage train.
See "Kak."
Kah
Kaiak
Ka fu
Kak
Kal
Kala
Kalacha
Kalam a
Kdan
Kald u
Kdgir or Kalgirkhar
Kaljao
Karn (Kaum)
Kam
Karn ar
Kaman
IGndao, Kandaw
834
46' Grass, dried grass, or hay; kah-i-safed is
bhusa.
hL3 A small boat.
6 Infidel; places called Kafir Kala are
innumerable; at least 50 per cent, of the
old ruins in the country are called "Kafu
Kda."
6 6 An open reservoir, or cistern; several
places beginning with khak should really
have kak.
A hollow or ravine.
1LI '% Fort.
@ A little fort.
L Reed; a reed pen.
u jlS' Great.
J \ 6u &' Kallahdu, from kallah, cap or head -
Indian money so called on account of
the head on the obverse.
$6
A term supplied t o village land given to
poor relations of the headman, or to
bazgars (labourers) which they are al-
lowed t o cultivate for their own benefit.
An inferior, thin-husked, species of
barley, grown in the higher portions of
the Hazarajat. Animals, as a rule, take
sometime t o get accustomed to 'kaljao,'
and do not eat it readily at fust.
Section of a tribe.
Few.
Cliff; kamar kulagh, crow's cliff.
Bow, bend, loop; kaman-i-bihisht, bow
of paradise, the name of a place.
1 Pass.
J
Karez
Karkana
Karw an
Kaus
Kavir
Keshtegar
Khaima, or Khima
Khak
Khakistar
Khakm ah
Kharn
Kham, or Kaj
Khan
Khana
Khandak
Khar
K har
Kharabeh
Kharaj, or Kharach
6 An underground water channel.
L; 6,s LSyS Word used in Turkistan for the low
brushwood elsewhere called "iskich."
I 6 Caravan or "kafila;" also a halting place
3 9 1
for caravans; a karwan-sarai or caravan-
;A Arc.
-, Marsh.
&L!! Tenant farmer.
Tent.
JL
Ashes or clay; any clayey soil. See also
"Kak."
Q\'L Graveyard; ashes.
L Camel's hair cloth.
f
L
Raw; also means "in kind."
c . r
Bent. Used for the bend, or reach, of a
river .
3 L
Title of honor; In Herat local governors
(hakims) are called Khans of such a
place; khan khel, the chi efs family in a
tribe.
: L
Place; rud-khana, river bed; sar-khana,
house or family tax; siah-khana, black
tents, also the people who live in them;
safed-khana is sometimes used for people
living in houses.
. .
j a . A rock cistern; literally ditch.
J Thorn; khar-i-shutur, camel thorn.
Donkey; khargor, wild ass.
+\+ Ruin(s).
c'+
Toll; kharaj giri, toll bar.
Kharbuza
Khargah, or Khirgah
Kharif
Khasadar
Khawd
Khima, or Khaima
Khinjak
Khishti
Khum, or Kum
Khuni
Khush
Khushk
Khwaja
Khwar
Kila
Kiri
Kirta
Kishlak
Kish ti
Kiz il
Koh, or Kuh
~i t er al l y an ass load, about 10 maunds in
Herat and 16 in Afghan Turkistan.
Melon.
The ordinary felt tents called by most
travellers " kibtika." In Turki it is
"oweh."
Crops reaped in autumn.
Irregular foot soldier; the police of the
country; tribal militia.
A natural cave.
Tent.
Pistacia cabulica, a common tree.
Brick; khisht pukhta is burnt brick.
The sandy soil of the "chol."
Blood guilty, also deadly; barf-i-khuni is
said to be an expression for "fatal
snow ."
Pleasant.
Descendent of a saint or holy man, not
necessarily a sayyid.
Stream.
Synonymous with Kulba.
A low hill.
A kind of grass suitable for horses.
Any permanent vlllage or settlement; a
winter camp as opposed to d a k , a
summer camp.
Boat.
Red.
Hill, or mountain, Kohistan, hill country.
a& Old. Kohna
~ o l
Kotal
owl
Kran
Kro
Kruman
Kucha
Kulach
Kulba, or Zauj
Kum
Kund
Kundal
Kurghan
Kur k
Kush
Kush (Kushta)
Kush k
Kupruk
Lab
La 8- k
Lak
J 9
Glen, wide hollow, or valley.
3 :: 7
Common word for a pass or "col" on a
range.
J~ Lake.
A coin worth four pence.
,
A kas, one and a half t o two miles.
a sang man.
Literally a lane, applied t o a narrow
defile, or gorge.
L
Fathom, 6 feet.
~9 J +Is
A plough land, i.e., as much of one
plough with one pair of oxen can culti-
vate in a year; generally about 30 acres.
4f-
See "Khum."
d Day.
J.J
A kind of grass' food for horses.
3 L Fort.
J ,3
A superior kind of barak, or fine soft
cloth woven from the under-wool of the
sheep.
Apair.
v
& Death place.
L A Elevated; a place.
,
A bridge; in Turkoman Turki, kupru or
ku kru.
I
The edge; lab-i-ab the river side.
d U Stork.
A word used instead of "kotal" in
Bduchistan.
Lalmi
Lang
Langar
Langar
Lar
li, or lik
Lig-lig
Lurga
Lut
Ma'dan
Maid an
, t ~l
Cultivation not dependent on irrigation.
Mal, Maldar
J L JL
Malakh
Malik
Mdiya, or Mdiyat
G WL 4 1
Man
*
Manda d &L;L
Mar 2 I.
Mash and Mung & &
Mashk Jf-- , . I - .
A ford or passage.
A place of sacrifice or devotion.
The area a pago or plough can sow in one
day.
Pass.
A locative suffix; Khorasanli, people
from Khorasan; pistalik, a tract where
the pista tree abounds.
Trot.
A ridge.
A waterless tract; a stony desert, or
"dasht," without water.
Mine.
Plaine; maidan-i-asp, an indefinite meas-
ure of distances, about a quarter, or half,
a mile.
Livestock; maldar, owner of live stock, a
flockmaster.
Locusts.
The headman of a village, or of a tribal
section (among Pathans).
Taxes in general.
A maund.
Stream.
Snake; marpich, zig-zag or winding like a
snake's track.
Sorts of dhal or pulse.
A sheep-skin filled with air t o serve as
a float for crossing rivers. A number of
such skins are often combined to ferry
men and livestock across rivers.
Mazar, or Mizar
Mehman
Mehtar
Mi
Mingbashi
Mir
Mirigan, or Mirgan
Mawajib
Motabar
Munj
Munshrif
Nahr
Naju
Nakhchir
Nda
Namad
Nao
, ' j Shrine; a ziarat.
u &
A guest; mehmandar, a person who has
charge of guests.
-;.
Hazara title of honour; a tribal chief.
A measure of water for irrigation pur-
poses.
.
Literally head of a thousand the chief of
& .
a local levy in Turkistan.
C
Chief; mir section the chi efs own clan or
family, the "khan khel" of a tribe; mir-
akhor, master of the horse; mirabashi,
the divider of water for irrigation, often
an important official.
J, ,
Shlkari, or matchlockman; any footman
armed with a gun.
L-L' F
Literally pay; the allowance of a chief or
"hakim."
Headman.
Fibre, rope.
A man usually a khassadar who looks
after the crops to see that the Govern-
ment gets its share.
Canal; irrigation canal; used in northern
Afghanistan as the equivalent of "jui."
-L
The tree resembling a Scotch fir (pinus
religiosa?), often seen at ziarats in the
Herat province, particularly at Karokh.
. .
- . Game (shlkar).
JL; Small river, canal.
t - ; Felt.
,
New; nao-roz, new year's day, the 21st
March.
Narai
3 i Pass.
~ wa
LWY
5 h
ihang
Jip ta
Jobda
Dbah
&h, or Oweh
ow
Padah, or Patoh
pago
Pai
Pa'in
Pal
Pdas
Palez or Fdi z
Pam
Pashakan
Ravine or nala; stream.
Tank, lake, in termittent lake.
Reed; naizar reed beds.
Crocodile; ~afir-nihang, the faithless or
unbelieving crocodile, the name of a
river.
A place where salt is obtained; a salt bed,
or salt mine.
In line with, the same as barabar.
Glen or ravine.
A Turkoman camp in the chol.
Felt tent of the Turkomans; a khirgah or
kibitka.
Stream.
The padah tree; populus euphratica.
A team of six men organized for agricul-
tural purposes. One works the plough
and five work with hoes. The team has a
pair of oxen. See Lash Juwain for infor-
mation about the pago system.
Foot; pai-band, foot of a range; pai-
kotal, foot of a kotal; pai Duldul, foot
print of Duldul (a celestial horse).
Low or lower, in contradistinction to
Baa, high.
A ridge or small range.
Canvas; palasnishin, tent dwellers, no-
mads, living in huts made of wicker
frames of tamarisk wood.
Garden crops, melon-ground.
A flat place.
Patah
Pech
Pir
Pista
Pitao and Geru
Post
Pukhta
Pul
Pul
Puz
Qabrestan
Qal 'a
Qolla
Rabi
Rah
Rai 'a t
Rama
Reg
%
A flat clay plain, or desert, without
water.
+ See "Padah."
L =
A bend or winding; marpech, zig-zag like
the track of a snake.
e A holy man.
&-
The pistachio tree; the pistachio berry.
,I+
Sunny and shady sides, as of a hill; also
pitao and sori.
-M
Skin or hide.
: , Literally cooked; answers t o the Indian
pakka.
Bridge.
J Money-
J*
Nose; puzik, spur of a hill or promon-
tory.
"LA Cemetary.
& Fort.
& Peak.
Crops reaped in spring and early summer.
' J
Road; rah kalan, a high road; rah-i-
gosfand, a sheep track; rah-i-duzd, a
robber's path. The last two imply a bad
road.
A subject, also peasant.
L A $1
- 1
Flock of sheep.
Sand; registan, country of sand - i.e., a
sand desert.
Rish ka
Rish ta
+ Lucerne.
, Guinea worm.
iafeda, or Safedal
Gai
Sailab
Saiyid, Say yid
Sakht
Sal
Salsola
+ 6,
A cuavansarai; also sometimes a vlllage.
Samuch
6?-
Sang L
Sang L
Sang kharwar or Khir
,\l+ .?t,
Sang Man +.&
River; rud-khana, river-bed.
Green ; sabz-barg, au turnn crops.
Head of 100; a captain of khasadars.
White; safed barg, spring crops; safed
rish, grey beard, a headman or leader;
safed khana, people who live in houses,
in contradistinction to "siah-khana,"
black tents.
White poplar.
A ravine; saiat appears t o mean cultiva-
tion and habitation in a ravine. There are
several villages so called in northern
Afghanistan.
Flood.
A descendant of the Prophet, ishan in
Tur ki.
Hard: used for steep, difficult.
A raft of wood tied on four pumpkin
floats.
A plant with dark leaves which grows on
salt encrusted land.
Plural of "Sum": caves; a cave village or
settlement.
A locked box into which petitions may
be dropped. One is supposed to be set up
in every bazar.
Stone; sang-i-sulakh, pierced stone;
sangtoda, a heap of stones.
A farsakh in Turkistan; it is 12,000
paces.
About 15 Indian maunds.
Equivalent to 13 Ibs. of wheat and 12 Ibs.
of other grain.
Sangreza
Saur
Sar, or Nok
Sarai
Sarband
Sard
Sarhad
Sarhang
Sarm a
Shamal
Sar tip
Se h
Selsela
Sev, or Sib
, Gravel.
&
The name of a month.
d+ -
Head or peak of a hill.
*' J-
A house or building; more particulary a
public resting place for travellers;
Haram-sarai, the private house of a
governor or person of importance. In
most towns there is a sarai which is state
property, and all officials of rank, and
distinguished visitors, put up there when
passing through.
:<? Watershed.
J -
Cold; sardaba, a covered brick cistern
(this word, though Persian, is used only
in Turki).
.+L ,--
Boundary or frontier; also any country
of moderate height which is neither hot
nor cold.
-
In Persia a major, or lieutenant-colonel.
In ~f ghani st an the leader of three
"bairaks" of khasadars.
L- Cold.
,J \: ; : Peach.
t
L
A branch, whether of a road, a ravine or
a tribe.
J L
Literally north wind, but used apparently
for a strong wind from any quarter.
w* -
In Persia a colonel or general. In Af-
ghanistan the leader of 6 or more,
"bairaks" of khasadars. It appears to be
in reality an honorary title.
A Three.
d-L Mountain range.
& Noble. hari f
hela
ihewagi
;hibar
Shikan
Shikast
Shinia
Shinai
Shirkhish t
Shirin
Shor
Shutur and Ushtar
Siah
So kh ta
Spin
Sulakh
Sultan
Sum
r
Sur and Surkh i~ J F
Tababa
Tabistan
3 L L
A hollow or valley; applied t o the entire
valley of a stream the wider parts of which
may be "tagaos" of various names.
A descent; from shev, low.
Mud.
~r e a ke r ; dandan-shikan, tooth-breaker.
Broken; shikasta, broken ground.
Juncture of two streams (do-ab).
Pistacia cabulica, the "khinjak" of Persia.
Manna.
Sweet.
Salt; also salt mud, saltmarsh, or a ravine
with salt water; stream.
Camel.
Black; siah khana, black tents; applied
also t o the dwellers in them.
Commander-in-chief; really the comman-
der of the troops in a province, not the
commander-in-chief of the whole army.
Burnt.
White.
Pierced.
A title given to chief of clans among
some Hazaras, and also among certain
other Persian-speaking tribes.
Cave (excavated, not natural); samuch,
caves; a cave village.
Red.
A group of villages.
Summer.
Tagao
Taghaz
Tahwil
Ta'ifa
Taimus
Tair n a
Takht
Tal
Taw a
Talk h
Tanab
Tang
Tanga
Tang.
Taoki
Tapa, tappa
Tash
Tikan
Tir
,IL:
A hollow, valley, or ravine; generally
grassy. Stream .
;LC-
A kind of tamarisk with a white bark
whose foliage is suitable for camel grazing.
A small gang of men organised as a unit
for field labour. They are not liable for
state service, and are taxed by the head
man of the district for his own remuner-
ation instead of by the State, vide Khash.
L C A tribal sub-division, or section.
, , )rk Summer.
+
Lower, as opposed t o burna, upper.
_ - . _ ,
Any flat place; a seat; a throne; takht-i-
rawan, a horse litter.
J L
A hollow, pit, or small basin.
, L Camel.
-L Bitter.
L
A measure of land, same as a jarib.
L Gorge.
& A coin; one-third of a Kabuli rupee.
, b
A name applied in Sistan t o ~ a l u c h
tribesmen who are not "asil," i.e., noble,
or of pure descent; it means bondsmen
or dependants.
A mound; pronounced by Turkomans,
aIso by Persians, "tepeh."
L St oneorbri ck.
u
"Buta;" small shrubs or brushwood used
for fuel.
An arrow; tirband, a path along the crest
line of a range.
Tirma, or Tirirna
Tokrak, or Toghrak
Tor
'tu
Tufang
Turbat
Tursh
Uc h
Ulang, or Walang
Ulan
Umed
Urdu
Ush
Ushtar
'Ushar
Vida
Wadi
Wali
Walang, or Ulang
Wasuli
Wazifa
A herb growing into a small bush,
common all over Afghanistan, and
grazed on by camels and sheep.
Autumn.
Straight.
Black.
A possessive suffut: shibar-tu, a muddy
or clayey place; badam-tu, a place where
there are almonds.
A matchlock; any firearm.
A shrine, ziarat.
Pungent.
D=Y.
Grassy place.
.Death place.
Hope; dash t-i-na-umed, the plain of
hopelessness, a bad desert.
Camp of troops.
Camel.
Camels.
Land revenue.
A water channel.
Stream, riverbed.
A hereditary governor.
A grassy place; a natural meadow.
Ordinary revenue
Land, the revenue of which is given as an
endowment to a shrine; or, to the de-
scendants of a mint.
First-order administrative division.
Yabu
Yaghi
Yang
Yarim
Yurt
Zakat
Zamis tan
Zauj
Zar
Zar d
Zardak
Zardalu
Ziarat
J\ 4
A district, administrative subdivision of a
welay at.
gL Rebellious or independent; Yaghistan,
independent country.
L New; yang kala, new fort; yang-ark, new
canal.
r J
6 A half; yarim padshah, Turki for a
viceroy or governor of a province.
GJ H
A village, a semi-permanent settlement.
Cattle-Tax.
3 L j Winter.
9 j
Same as "kulba," that is, a "plough
land," as much as can be cultivated by
one plough with a pair oxen in one year.
J J Gold.
Yellow.
& J J
A a J , Carrot.
a,; Apricot.
L; & j A shrine, generally a grave or tomb.