Case Study 42 Passenger Reservation System

Passenger Reservation System

Problem Description
Rutgers Transit is a passenger transportation company. They are located in Cleveland and
provide several bus lines that go to a number of destinations. The company currently has
about 1, buses spread over ! routes. "f these, # are regular, 2 are semi$lu%ury,
and the remaining are super delu%e buses. The seating capacities are 4&, 42, and '!,
respectively. Receiving reservations in advance facilitates the planning process. (or this
reason, the company is encouraging reservations of at least one )ee* in advance by
offering better prices.
+s the business gre), the company faced difficulties in managing passenger reservations.
The managers decided to computeri,e the reservation system. (or this purpose they built a
database that *eeps detailed records of the buses o)ned, routes offered, passenger
reservations, etc. They are no) in the process of building a database decision support
system that )ill facilitate the process of managing passenger reservations.
Database Design
-e present the main entity types of this database. (or each entity type, )e provide some of
the corresponding attributes. .se this information in order to/ 0a1 2uild an 3nhanced 3$R
diagram4 0b1 Transform the 3nhanced 3$R diagram to a relational database. 5dentify the
primary *ey0s1 and the foreign *ey0s1 for each relation. 6ra) the relational integrality
constraints4 0c1 (or each of the relations created, indicate its normal form. 5f the relation is
not in the '7(, decompose it into '7( relations.
1. Bus/ The main attributes are identification number, brand name, capacity, category,
descriptions, unit cost, etc.
2. Passenger/ The main attributes are identification number, name, address, e$mail,
birthday, current balance, etc.
'. Route/ The main attributes are identification number, origin, destination, starting time
and day 0of the )ee*1, arrival time and day, duration, price, etc.
4. Trip/ The main attributes are identification number, origin, destination, starting time and
day, arrival time and day, duration, price, etc.
7ote the follo)ing/ 0a1 -hen a passenger ma*es a reservation, the follo)ing information is
recorded/ number of seats reserved, special concession re8uired, etc. 5f seats are available,
seats of the passenger9s choice are allotted. :o)ever, if seats are not available, the system
provides alternatives to help the passenger ma*e a decision. 0b1 + route consists of a
number of trips. (or e%ample, the route Cleveland$;iami consists of the follo)ing trips/
Cleveland$Cincinnati, Cincinnati$+tlanta, +tlanta$<ac*sonville, <ac*sonville$"rlando, and
"rlando$;iami4 0c1 Passengers get a discount for reservations made at least one )ee* in
advance. 0d1 Students and seniors get a => discount. 0e1 3mployees and their eligible
family members may travel for free once a year for a ma%imum of ', miles. 0f1 +
passenger reserves as many seats as the number of family members that are traveling. The
system should *eep detailed information about the passenger9s dependents.
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Case Study 42 Passenger Reservation System
Access Application Development
The follo)ing are some of the 8ueries, forms, and reports one can create in order to
increase the functionality of the database/
Queries:
1. The follo)ing set of 8ueries facilitates the passenger reservation process/
a. ?ist the route numbers that ma*e a stop at the destination re8uested by the
passenger. This destination could be the final or an intermediate point of the route.
b. ?ist the total number of available seats for a particular route on a particular date.
c. Present the earliest date on )hich a certain number of seats are available for a
particular destination on a particular route.
d. Present the cost of travel by various bus categories 0regular, semi$lu%ury, etc.1 to a
certain destination.
e. Present the cost of travel to a destination using different routes.
2. The follo)ing set of 8ueries helps management identify )hich routes are the most
profitable, )hich routes do not generate enough income to cover their e%penses, etc.
a. Present for each route the average monthly revenues generated. Sort the
information in descending order of average revenues.
b. Present for each bus the average monthly revenues generated. Sort the
information in descending order of average revenues.
c. Present the average number of passengers )ho travel in a particular route per
)ee*.
d. Present the total revenues generated per month during the last t)elve months.
'. The management is trying to decide )hether there is a need to buy additional buses or
re$distribute the current fleet of buses on the e%isting routes.
a. Present for each bus the percentage of capacity used on average per month.
b. Present for each route the percentage of bus capacity used on average per month.
c. Present for each month 0or )ee*1 the total number of passengers traveling. This
8uery helps in identifying the busiest time periods.
d. Present for each route 0during the busiest month1 the total number of passengers
traveling.
4. The follo)ing 8ueries provide information about the demographics of the passengers
)ho have used the service/
a. Present the total number of students )ho have used this service.
b. Present the total number of seniors )ho have used this service.
Forms:
1. Create a user sign$in form together )ith a registration form for ne) users.
2. Create the follo)ing data entry forms that are used for database administrative
functions/ passengers, buses, routes, trips, reservations, etc. These forms allo) the
user to add, update, and delete information about passengers, buses, routes, trips,
reservations, etc.
Case Study 42 Passenger Reservation System
'. Create a form that allo)s the user to select the origin and the destination for a trip.
5nsert a subform that presents the routes that pass by the selected cities. 5nsert
command buttons that, )hen clic*ed$on, run the 8ueries 1.a, 1.b, @, 1.e. The
information from these 8ueries facilitates the reservation process.
4. Create a form that allo)s the user to bro)se through the information about the buses
o)ned by the company. (or each bus, present the follo)ing/ identification number,
brand name, capacity, and category. 5nsert a subform that presents a list of the routes
run by the selected bus. (or each route, present the follo)ing/ identification number, city
of origin and destination, start and arrival time and day, and the average percentage of
the bus capacity used.
=. Create a form that allo)s the user to bro)se through the routes run by the company.
The form presents detailed information about each route. 5nsert a subform that presents
a list of the trips included on the selected route. (or each trip, present the follo)ing/ city
of origin and destination, start time and day, arrival time and day, price, and total
number of seats available.
6esign a logo for this database. 5nsert this logo in the forms created above. Pic* a
bac*ground color for the forms and colors for the borders of the titles. 5nclude the follo)ing
in the forms created/ record navigation command buttons, record operations command
buttons, and form operations command buttons as needed.
Reports
1. The follo)ing set of reports helps )ith the financial analysis of the company/
a. Create an annual summary report of the financial activities of the company. The
report should provide detailed information about the revenues generated from
passenger reservations.
b. Create a monthly summary report of financial activities.
c. Present average revenues generated per monthAyear for each bus category.
d. Present average revenues generated per monthAyear for each route.
2. .se the chart )i,ard to plot the follo)ing/
a. Total number of passengers per month during the last t)elve months.
b. Total number of passengers per month per bus category during the last t)elve
months.
c. Total number of seniors )ho have traveled per month during the last t)elve
months.
d. Total monthly revenues during the last t)elve months.
e. +nnual revenues during the last five years.
'. ?ist the five most profitable routes.
4. ?ist the routes that have had the least number of passengers.
=. Provide detailed information about the ten most preferable customers.
Case Study 42 Passenger Reservation System
Visual Basic.NET Application Development
This database application can be used by the employees and managers of the company, the
passengers, the database administrator, etc. 5n the follo)ing figure )e present a tentative
layout of the system.
5n the )elcome screen, the user can choose one of the five options presented. -e give
details about the forms or set of forms to be included in each option4 ho)ever, you are
encouraged to add other forms you find relevant. -e suggest that the 8ueries, forms, and
reports already created in the +ccess +pplication 6evelopment section be included in here.
Passengers/ This part of the database *eeps information about the passengers )ho have
used the service of this company.
Buses/ This part of the database *eeps information about the buses used.
Routes & Trips/ .sers should be able to bro)se this part of the database to identify the route
that best satisfies the re8uirements of the passengers.
Statistics, Graphs & Data Analysis/ The managers bro)se this part of the database to
identify trends in the follo)ing/ the revenues generated, total number of passengers, total
number of buses per category, etc.
Update/ This form allo)s the user to addAdeleteAupdate the information *ept in this database
about buses, passengers, routes, reservations, trips, etc.
Web Extension
+ user may access this database from personal computers at home or in the office. The user
could be a passenger, an employee or manager, the database administrator, etc. The user
should have a login name and a pass)ord to be able to access the system. The passengers
use the system to identify routes that fit their re8uests. The employees use the system to do
the follo)ing/ identify trends in the revenues generated, total number of passengers )ho
have used the system, etc4 identify needs for ne) buses4 decide about bus re$scheduling4
etc. The database administrator can have access to the update forms. .sers are allo)ed to
update their personal information.
-elcome Screen
Statistics, Braphs
C 6ata +nalysis
2usses .pdates
Present Results
3%it the 6atabase
Routes C
Trips
Passengers
Case Study 42 Passenger Reservation System
6evelop an +SP.73T )eb application that )ill enable the users to access the database and
perform the activities described above. Dour application )ill have forms similar to the ones
described in the E2.73T +pplication section.