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CHUYN PHNG PHP TA MT PHNG LUYN THI I HC
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BIN SON : HONG THI VIT 01695316875 BCH KHOA NNG 2013
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B GIA O DU C VA A O TA O
TRNG I HC BCH KHOA I HC NNG

CHUYN N THI I HC
MN TON
CHUYN :
PHNG PHP TA TRONG MT PHNG

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Sinh vin thc hin : ............................................
Lp : ............................................
MSSV : ............................................

BIN SON: HONG THI VIT
TRNG I HC BCH KHOA NNG
ST : 01695316875
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NNG 2013

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CHUYN N LUYN THI I HC
PHNG PHP TO TRONG MT PHNG

1. Vect ch phng ca ng thng
Vect 0
c gi l vect ch phng ca ng thng A nu gi ca n song song

hoc trng vi A.
Nhn xt: Nu l mt VTCP ca A th k.

(k = 0) cng l mt VTCP ca A.
Mt ng thng hon ton c xc nh nu bit mt im v mt VTCP.
2. Vect php tuyn ca ng thng
Vect n 0 =

gl vect php tuyn ca ng thng A nu gi ca n vung gc vi A.

Nhn xt: Nu n
l mt VTPT ca A th kn
(k = 0) cng l mt VTPT ca A.
Mt ng thng hon ton c xc nh nu bit mt im v mt VTPT.
Nu u
l mt VTCP v n
l mt VTPT ca A th u n

.
3. Phng trnh tham s ca ng thng
Cho ng thng A i qua M x y
0 0 0
( ; ) v c VTCP u u u
1 2
( ; ) =
.
Phng trnh tham s ca A:
x x tu
y y tu
0 1
0 2
= +
= +
(1) ( t l tham s).

Nhn xt: M(x; y) e A - t e R:
x x tu
y y tu
0 1
0 2
= +
= +
.
Gi k l h s gc ca A th:
+ k = tano, vi o = Av

, o =
0
90 .
+ k =
u
u
2
1
, vi u
1
0 = .

x
y
A
v
O
A
o

x
y
A
v
O A
o

4. Phng trnh chnh tc ca ng thng
Cho ng thng A i qua M x y
0 0 0
( ; ) v c VTCP u u u
1 2
( ; ) =
.
Phng trnh chnh tc ca A:
x x y y
u u
0 0
1 2

= (2) (u
1
= 0, u
2
= 0).
Ch : Trong trng hp u
1
= 0 hoc u
2
= 0 th ng thng khng c phng trnh
chnh tc.
5. Phng trnh tham s ca ng thng
PT ax by c 0 + + = vi a b
2 2
0 + = gl phng trnh tng qut ca ng thng.
Nhn xt: Nu A c phng trnh ax by c 0 + + = th A c:

VTPT l n a b ( ; ) =
v VTCP u b a ( ; ) =
hoc u b a ( ; ) =
.
I. PHNG TRNH NG THNG
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Nu A i qua M x y
0 0 0
( ; ) v c VTPT n a b ( ; ) =
th phng trnh ca A l:
a x x b y y
0 0
( ) ( ) 0 + =
Cc trng hp c bit:

- A i qua hai im A(a; 0), B(0; b) (a, b = 0): Phng trnh ca A:
x y
a b
1 + = .
(phng trnh ng thng theo on chn) .
- A i qua im M x y
0 0 0
( ; ) v c h s gc k: Phng trnh ca A: y y k x x
0 0
( ) =
(phng trnh ng thng theo h s gc)
6. V tr tng i ca hai ng thng
Cho hai ng thng A
1
: a x b y c
1 1 1
0 + + = v A
2
: a x b y c
2 2 2
0 + + = .
To giao im ca A
1
v A
2
l nghim ca h phng trnh:

a x b y c
a x b y c
1 1 1
2 2 2
0
0
+ + =
+ + =
(1)
- A
1
ct A
2
h (1) c mt nghim
a b
a b
1 1
2 2
= (nu a b c
2 2 2
, , 0 = )
- A
1
// A
2
h (1) v nghim
a b c
a b c
1 1 1
2 2 2
= = (nu a b c
2 2 2
, , 0 = )
- A
1
A
2
h (1) c v s nghim
a b c
a b c
1 1 1
2 2 2
= = (nu a b c
2 2 2
, , 0 = )
7. Gc gia hai ng thng
Cho hai ng thng A
1
: a x b y c
1 1 1
0 + + = (c VTPT n a b
1 1 1
( ; ) =
)
v A
2
: a x b y c
2 2 2
0 + + = (c VTPT n a b
2 2 2
( ; ) =
).

n n khi n n
n n khi n n
0
1 2 1 2
1 2
0 0
1 2 1 2
( , ) ( , ) 90
( , )
180 ( , ) ( , ) 90
A A

s
=

>

n n a b a b
n n
n n
a b a b
1 2 1 1 2 2
1 2 1 2
2 2 2 2
1 2
1 1 2 2
.
cos( , ) cos( , )
.
.
A A
+
= = =
+ +

Ch : - A
1
A
2
aa bb
1 2 1 2
0 + = .
- Cho A
1
: y k x m
1 1
= + , A
2
: y k x m
2 2
= + th:
+ A
1
// A
2
k
1
= k
2
+ A
1
A
2
k
1
. k
2
= 1.
8. Khong cch t mt im n mt ng thng
- Khong cch t mt im n mt ng thng
Cho ng thng A: ax by c 0 + + = v im M x y
0 0 0
( ; ) .

ax by c
d M
a b
0 0
0
2 2
( , ) A
+ +
=
+

Cc h s Phng trnh ng thng A Tnh cht ng thng A
c = 0 0 ax by + = A i qua gc to O
a = 0 0 by c + = A // Ox hoc A Ox
b = 0 0 ax c + = A // Oy hoc A Oy

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- V tr tng i ca hai im i vi mt ng thng
Cho ng thng A: ax by c 0 + + = v hai im
M M N N
M x y N x y ( ; ), ( ; ) e A.
M, N nm cng pha i vi A
M M N N
ax by c ax by c ( )( ) 0 + + + + > .
M, N nm khc pha i vi A
M M N N
ax by c ax by c ( )( ) 0 + + + + < .
- Phng trnh cc ng phn gic ca cc gc to bi hai ng thng
Cho hai ng thng A
1
: a x b y c
1 1 1
0 + + = v A
2
: a x b y c
2 2 2
0 + + = ct nhau.
Phng trnh cc ng phn gic ca cc gc to bi hai ng thng A
1
v A
2
l:

a x b y c a x b y c
a b a b
1 1 1 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
1 1 2 2
+ + + +
=
+ +

VN 1: Lp phng trnh ng thng
- lp phng trnh tham s v phng trnh chnh tc ca ng thng A ta cn xc
nh mt im M x y
0 0 0
( ; ) e A v mt VTCP u u u
1 2
( ; ) =
ca A.
PTTS ca A:
x x tu
y y tu
0 1
0 2
= +
= +
; PTCT ca A:
x x y y
u u
0 0
1 2

= (u
1
= 0, u
2
= 0).
- lp phng trnh tng qut ca ng thng A ta cn xc nh mt im M x y
0 0 0
( ; ) e
A v mt VTPT n a b ( ; ) =
ca A.
PTTQ ca A: a x x b y y
0 0
( ) ( ) 0 + =
- Mt s bi ton thng gp:
+ A i qua hai im
A A B B
A x y B x y ( ; ) , ( ; ) (vi
A B A B
x x y y , = = ):
PT ca A:
A A
B A B A
x x y y
x x y y

=

+ A i qua hai im A(a; 0), B(0; b) (a, b = 0): PT ca A:
x y
a b
1 + = .
+ A i qua im M x y
0 0 0
( ; ) v c h s gc k: PT ca A: y y k x x
0 0
( ) =
Ch : Ta c th chuyn i gia cc phng trnh tham s, chnh tc, tng qut ca mt
ng thng.
- tm im M' i xng vi im M qua ng thng d, ta c th thc hin nh sau:
Cch 1: Vit phng trnh ng thng A qua M v vung gc vi d.
Xc nh I = d A (I l hnh chiu ca M trn d).
Xc nh M' sao cho I l trung im ca MM'.
Cch 2: Gi I l trung im ca MM'. Khi :
M' i xng ca M qua d d
MM u
I d
'

(s dng to )
- vit phng trnh ng thng d' i xng vi ng thng d qua ng thng A, ta
c th thc hin nh sau:
Nu d // A:
+ Ly A e d. Xc nh A' i xng vi A qua A.
+ Vit phng trnh ng thng d' qua A' v song song vi d.
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Nu d A = I:
+ Ly A e d (A = I). Xc nh A' i xng vi A qua A.
+ Vit phng trnh ng thng d' qua A' v I.
- vit phng trnh ng thng d' i xng vi ng thng d qua im I, A, ta c th
thc hin nh sau:
Ly A e d. Xc nh A' i xng vi A qua I.
Vit phng trnh ng thng d' qua A' v song song vi d.

VN 2: Cc bi ton dng tam gic
l cc bi ton xc nh to cc nh hoc phng trnh cc cnh ca mt tam gic
khi bit mt s yu t ca tam gic .
gii loi bi ton ny ta thng s dng n cc cch dng tam gic.
Sau y l mt s dng:
Dng 1: Dng tam gic ABC, khi bit cc ng thng cha cnh BC v hai ng cao
BB', CC'.
Cch dng: Xc nh B = BC BB', C = BC CC'.
Dng AB qua B v vung gc vi CC'.
Dng AC qua C v vung gc vi BB'.
Xc nh A = AB AC.
Dng 2: Dng tam gic ABC, khi bit nh A v hai ng thng cha hai ng cao
BB', CC'.
Cch dng: Dng AB qua A v vung gc vi CC'.
Dng AC qua A v vung gc vi BB'.
Xc nh B = AB BB', C = AC CC'.
Dng 3: Dng tam gic ABC, khi bit nh A v hai ng thng cha hai ng trung
tuyn BM, CN.
Cch dng: Xc nh trng tm G = BM CN.
Xc nh A' i xng vi A qua G (suy ra BA' // CN, CA' // BM).
Dng d
B
qua A' v song song vi CN.
Dng d
C
qua A' v song song vi BM.
Xc nh B = BM d
B
, C = CN d
C
.
Dng 4: Dng tam gic ABC, khi bit hai ng thng cha hai cnh AB, AC v trung
im M ca cnh BC.
Cch dng: Xc nh A = AB AC.
Dng d
1
qua M v song song vi AB.
Dng d
2
qua M v song song vi AC.
Xc nh trung im I ca AC: I = AC d
1
.
Xc nh trung im J ca AB: J = AB d
2
.
Xc nh B, C sao cho JB AJ IC AI , = =

.
Cch khc: Trn AB ly im B, trn AC ly im C sao cho MB MC =

.

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VN 3: V tr tng i ca hai ng thng
Cho hai ng thng A
1
: a x b y c
1 1 1
0 + + = v A
2
: a x b y c
2 2 2
0 + + = .
To giao im ca A
1
v A
2
l nghim ca h phng trnh:

a x b y c
a x b y c
1 1 1
2 2 2
0
0
+ + =
+ + =
(1)
- A
1
ct A
2
h (1) c mt nghim
a b
a b
1 1
2 2
= (nu a b c
2 2 2
, , 0 = )
- A
1
// A
2
h (1) v nghim
a b c
a b c
1 1 1
2 2 2
= = (nu a b c
2 2 2
, , 0 = )
- A
1
A
2
h (1) c v s nghim
a b c
a b c
1 1 1
2 2 2
= = (nu a b c
2 2 2
, , 0 = )
chng minh ba ng thng ng qui, ta c th thc hin nh sau:
Tm giao im ca hai trong ba ng thng.
Chng t ng thng th ba i qua giao im .

VN 4: Khong cch t mt im n mt ng thng
1. Khong cch t mt im n mt ng thng
Cho ng thng A: ax by c 0 + + = v im M x y
0 0 0
( ; ) .

ax by c
d M
a b
0 0
0
2 2
( , ) A
+ +
=
+

2. V tr tng i ca hai im i vi mt ng thng
Cho ng thng A: ax by c 0 + + = v hai im
M M N N
M x y N x y ( ; ), ( ; ) e A.
M, N nm cng pha i vi A
M M N N
ax by c ax by c ( )( ) 0 + + + + > .
M, N nm khc pha i vi A
M M N N
ax by c ax by c ( )( ) 0 + + + + < .
3. Phng trnh cc ng phn gic ca cc gc to bi hai ng thng
Cho hai ng thng A
1
: a x b y c
1 1 1
0 + + = v A
2
: a x b y c
2 2 2
0 + + = ct nhau.
Phng trnh cc ng phn gic ca cc gc to bi hai ng thng A
1
v A
2
l:

a x b y c a x b y c
a b a b
1 1 1 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
1 1 2 2
+ + + +
=
+ +

Ch : lp phng trnh ng phn gic trong hoc ngoi ca gc A trong tam gic
ABC ta c th thc hin nh sau:
Cch 1:
Tm to chn ng phn gic trong hoc ngoi (da vo tnh cht ng phn
gic ca gc trong tam gic).
Cho AABC vi ng phn gic trong AD v phn gic ngoi AE (D, E e BC)
ta c:
AB
DB DC
AC
. =

,
AB
EB EC
AC
. =

.
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Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua hai im.
Cch 2:
Vit phng trnh cc ng phn gic d
1
, d
2
ca cc gc to bi hai ng thng
AB, AC.
Kim tra v tr ca hai im B, C i vi d
1
(hoc d
2
).
+ Nu B, C nm khc pha i vi d
1
th d
1
l ng phn gic trong.
+ Nu B, C nm cng pha i vi d
1
th d
1
l ng phn gic ngoi.

VN 4: Gc gia hai ng thng
Cho hai ng thng A
1
: a x b y c
1 1 1
0 + + = (c VTPT n a b
1 1 1
( ; ) =
)
v A
2
: a x b y c
2 2 2
0 + + = (c VTPT n a b
2 2 2
( ; ) =
).

n n khi n n
n n khi n n
0
1 2 1 2
1 2
0 0
1 2 1 2
( , ) ( , ) 90
( , )
180 ( , ) ( , ) 90
A A

s
=

>

n n a b a b
n n
n n
a b a b
1 2 1 1 2 2
1 2 1 2
2 2 2 2
1 2
1 1 2 2
.
cos( , ) cos( , )
.
.
A A
+
= = =
+ +

Ch : -
( )
0 0
1 2
0 , 90 A A s s .
- A
1
A
2
aa bb
1 2 1 2
0 + = .
- Cho A
1
: y k x m
1 1
= + , A
2
: y k x m
2 2
= + th:
+ A
1
// A
2
k
1
= k
2
+ A
1
A
2
k
1
. k
2
= 1.
- Cho AABC. tnh gc A trong AABC, ta c th s dng cng thc:

( )
AB AC
A AB AC
AB AC
.
cos cos ,
.
= =

II. PHNG TRNH NG TRN
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1. Phng trnh ng trn
Phng trnh ng trn c tm I(a; b) v bn knh R: x a y b R
2 2 2
( ) ( ) + = .
Nhn xt: Phng trnh x y ax by c
2 2
2 2 0 + + + + = , vi a b c
2 2
0 + > , l phng trnh
ng trn tm I(a; b), bn knh R = a b c
2 2
+ .
2. Phng trnh tip tuyn ca ng trn
Cho ng trn (C) c tm I, bn knh R v ng thng A.
A tip xc vi (C) d I R ( , ) A =

VN 1: Xc nh tm v bn knh ca ng trn
- Nu phng trnh ng trn (C) c dng: x a y b R
2 2 2
( ) ( ) + =
th (C) c tm I(a; b) v bn knh R.
- Nu phng trnh ng trn (C) c dng: x y ax by c
2 2
2 2 0 + + + + =
th Bin i a v dng x a y b R
2 2 2
( ) ( ) + =
hoc Tm I(a; b), bn knh R = a b c
2 2
+ .
Ch : Phng trnh x y ax by c
2 2
2 2 0 + + + + = l phng trnh ng trn nu tho
mn iu kin: a b c
2 2
0 + > .

VN 2: Lp phng trnh ng trn
lp phng trnh ng trn (C) ta thng cn phi xc nh tmI (a; b) v bn knh
R ca (C). Khi phng trnh ng trn (C) l:
x a y b R
2 2 2
( ) ( ) + =
Dng 1: (C) c tm I v i qua im A.
Bn knh R = IA.
Dng 2: (C) c tm I v tip xc vi ng thng A.
Bn knh R = d I ( , ) A .
Dng 3: (C) c ng knh AB.
Tm I l trung im ca AB.
Bn knh R =
AB
2
.
Dng 4: (C) i qua hai im A, B v c tm I nm trn ng thng A.
Vit phng trnh ng trung trc d ca on AB.
Xc nh tm I l giao im ca d v A.
Bn knh R = IA.
Dng 5: (C) i qua hai im A, B v tip xc vi ng thng A.
Tm I ca (C) tho mn:
I d
d I IA ( , ) A
e
.
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Bn knh R = IA.
Dng 6: (C) i qua im A v tip xc vi ng thng A ti im B.
Vit phng trnh ng thng A' i qua B v vung gc vi A.
Xc nh tm I l giao im ca d v A'.
Bn knh R = IA.
Dng 7: (C) i qua im A v tip xc vi hai ng thng A
1
v A
2
.
Tm I ca (C) tho mn:
d I d I
d I IA
1 2
1
( , ) ( , ) (1)
( , ) (2)
A A
A
=

Bn knh R = IA.
Ch : Mun b du GTT trong (1), ta xt du min mt phng nh bi A
1
v
A
2
hay xt du khong cch i s t A n A
1
v A
2
.
Nu A
1
// A
2
, ta tnh R = d
1 2
1
( , )
2
A A , v (2) c thay th bi IA = R.
Dng 8: (C) tip xc vi hai ng thng A
1
, A
2
v c tm nm trn ng thng d.
Tm I ca (C) tho mn:
d I d I
I d
1 2
( , ) ( , ) A A =
.
Bn knh R = d I
1
( , ) A .
Dng 9: (C) i qua ba im khng thng hng A, B, C (ng trn ngoi tip tam gic).
Cch 1: Phng trnh ca (C) c dng: x y ax by c
2 2
2 2 0 + + + + = (*).
Ln lt thay to ca A, B, C vo (*) ta c h phng trnh.
Gii h phng trnh ny ta tm c a, b, c phng trnh ca (C).
Cch 2: Tm I ca (C) tho mn:
IA IB
IA IC
=
.
Bn knh R = IA = IB = IC.
Dng 10: (C) ni tip tam gic ABC.
Vit phng trnh ca hai ng phn gic trong ca hai gc trong tam gic
Xc nh tm I l giao im ca hai ng phn gic trn.
Bn knh R = d I AB ( , ) .

VN 3: Tp hp im
1. Tp hp cc tm ng trn
tm tp hp cc tm I ca ng trn (C), ta c th thc hin nh sau:
a) Tm gi tr ca m tn ti tm I.
b) Tm to tm I. Gi s: I
x f m
y g m
( )
( )
=
.
c) Kh m gia x v y ta c phng trnh F(x; y) = 0.
d) Gii hn: Da vo iu kin ca m a) gii hn min ca x hoc y.
e) Kt lun: Phng trnh tp hp im l F(x; y) = 0 cng vi phn gii hn d).
2. Tp hp im l ng trn
Thc hin tng t nh trn.

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10

VN 4: V tr tng i ca ng thng d v ng trn (C)
bin lun s giao im ca ng thng d: Ax By C 0 + + = v ng trn (C):
x y ax by c
2 2
2 2 0 + + + + = , ta c th thc hin nh sau:.
- Cch 1: So snh khong cch t tm I n d vi bn knh R.
Xc nh tm I v bn knh R ca (C).
Tnh khong cch t I n d.
+ d I d R ( , ) < d ct (C) ti hai im phn bit.
+ d I d R ( , ) = d tip xc vi (C).
+ d I d R ( , ) > d v (C) khng c im chung.
- Cch 2: To giao im (nu c) ca d v (C) l nghim ca h phng trnh:

Ax By C
x y ax by c
2 2
0
2 2 0
+ + =
+ + + + =
(*)
+ H (*) c 2 nghim d ct (C) ti hai im phn bit.
+ H (*) c 1 nghim d tip xc vi (C).
+ H (*) v nghim d v (C) khng c im chung.

VN 5: V tr tng i ca hai ng trn (C
1
) v (C
2
)
bin lun s giao im ca hai ng trn
(C
1
): x y a x b y c
2 2
1 1 1
2 2 0 + + + + = , (C
2
): x y a x b y c
2 2
2 2 2
2 2 0 + + + + = .
ta c th thc hin nh sau:
- Cch 1: So snh di on ni tm I
1
I
2
vi cc bn knh R
1
, R
2
.
+ R R I I R R
1 2 1 2 1 2
< < + (C
1
) ct (C
2
) ti 2 im.
+ I I R R
1 2 1 2
= + (C
1
) tip xc ngoi vi (C
2
).
+ I I R R
1 2 1 2
= (C
1
) tip xc trong vi (C
2
).
+ I I R R
1 2 1 2
> + (C
1
) v (C
2
) ngoi nhau.
+ I I R R
1 2 1 2
< (C
1
) v (C
2
) trong nhau.
- Cch 2: To cc giao im (nu c) ca (C
1
) v (C
2
) l nghim ca h phng trnh:

x y a x b y c
x y a x b y c
2 2
1 1 1
2 2
2 2 2
2 2 0
2 2 0
+ + + + =
+ + + + =
(*)
+ H (*) c hai nghim (C
1
) ct (C
2
) ti 2 im.
+ H (*) c mt nghim (C
1
) tip xc vi (C
2
).
+ H (*) v nghim (C
1
) v (C
2
) khng c im chung.

VN 6: Tip tuyn ca ng trn (C)
Cho ng trn (C) c tm I, bn knh R v ng thng A.
.
11
A tip xc vi (C) d I R ( , ) A =
- Dng 1: Tip tuyn ti mt im M x y
0 0 0
( ; ) e (C).
A i qua M x y
0 0 0
( ; ) v c VTPT IM
0
.
- Dng 2: Tip tuyn c phng cho trc.
Vit phng trnh ca A c phng cho trc (phng trnh cha tham s t).
Da vo iu kin: d I R ( , ) A = , ta tm c t. T suy ra phng trnh ca A.
- Dng 3: Tip tuyn v t mt im
A A
A x y ( ; ) ngoi ng trn (C).
Vit phng trnh ca A i qua A (cha 2 tham s).
Da vo iu kin: d I R ( , ) A = , ta tm c cc tham s. T suy ra phng trnh
ca A.

1. nh ngha
Cho F
1
, F
2
c nh vi FF c
1 2
2 = (c > 0).
M E MF MF a
1 2
( ) 2 e + = (a > c)
F
1
, F
2
: cc tiu im, FF c
1 2
2 = : tiu c.
2. Phng trnh chnh tc ca elip

x y
a b
2 2
2 2
1 + = a b b a c
2 2 2
( 0, ) > > =
- To cc tiu im: F c F c
1 2
( ; 0), ( ; 0) .
- Vi M(x; y) e (E), MF MF
1 2
, gl cc bn knh qua tiu im ca M.

c c
MF a x MF a x
a a
1 2
, = + =
3. Hnh dng ca elip
- (E) nhn cc trc to lm cc trc i xng v gc to lm tm i xng.
- To cc nh: A a A a B b B b
1 2 1 2
( ; 0), ( ; 0), (0; ), (0; )
- di cc trc: trc ln: AA a
1 2
2 = , trc nh: BB b
1 2
2 =
- Tm sai ca (E):
c
e
a
= (0 < e < 1)
- Hnh ch nht c s: to bi cc ng thng x a y b , = = (ngoi tip elip).
4. ng chun ca elip (chng trnh nng cao)
- Phng trnh cc ng chun A
i
ng vi cc tiu im F
i
l:
a
x
e
0 =
- Vi M e (E) ta c:
MF MF
e
d M d M
1 2
1 2
( , ) ( , ) A A
= = (e < 1)

III. PHNG TRNH NG ELIP
.
12

VN 1: Xc nh cc yu t ca (E)
a phng trnh ca (E) v dng chnh tc:
x y
a b
2 2
2 2
1 + = . Xc nh a, b, c.
Cc yu t: di trc ln 2a, trc nh 2b.
Tiu c 2c.
To cc tiu im F c F c
1 2
( ; 0), ( ; 0) .
To cc nh A a A a B b B b
1 2 1 2
( ; 0), ( ; 0), (0; ), (0; ) .
Tm sai
c
e
a
= .
Phng trnh cc ng chun
a
x
e
0 =

VN 2: Lp phng trnh chnh tc ca (E)
lp phng trnh chnh tc ca (E) ta cn xc nh di cc na trc a, b ca (E).
Ch : Cng thc xc nh cc yu t ca (E):
+ b a c
2 2 2
= +
c
e
a
= + Cc tiu im F c F c
1 2
( ; 0), ( ; 0)
+ Cc nh: A a A a B b B b
1 2 1 2
( ; 0), ( ; 0), (0; ), (0; )

VN 3: Tm im trn (E) tho mn iu kin cho trc
Ch cc cng thc xc nh di bn knh qua tiu im ca im M(x; y) e (E):

c c
MF a x MF a x
a a
1 2
, = + =

VN 4: Tp hp im
tm tp hp cc im M(x; y) tho iu kin cho trc, ta a v mt trong cc dng:
Dng 1: MF MF a
1 2
2 + = Tp hp l elip (E) c hai tiu im F
1
, F
2
, trc ln 2a.
Dng 2:
x y
a b
2 2
2 2
1 + = (a > b) Tp hp l elip (E) c di trc ln 2a, trc nh 2b.

BI TP CHUYN
GII TCH MT PHNG TRONG THI I HC

.
13

PHN 1 . NG THNG
Cu 1 (C A2008)

Cu 2 ( C A2009)

Cu 3 (C A2009)

Cu 4 (C A2011)

Cu 5 (C A2011)

Cu 6 (C A2012)

Cu 7 (C 2013)

Cu 8 (A2002)

.
14

Cu 9.(B2002)

Cu 10.(B2003)

Cu 11.(A2004)

Cu 12.(B2004)

Cu 13.(D2004)

Cu 14.(A2005)

Cu 15.(A2006)
.
15

Cu 16.(B2007)

Cu .17.

Cu .18(A2009)

Cu 19.(D2009)

Cu 20 .(A2010)

Cu 21.(D2010)

Cu 22.(B2010)

.
16
Cu 23 (A2010)

Cu 24. (A2011)

cu 25 (B2011)

Cu 26.(B2011)

Cu 27 (D2011)

Cu 28 (A2012)

Cu 29 (D2012)

Cu 30(A2013)
.
17

Cu 31 (d b 2 A2006)

Cu 32 (d b 1 B2006)

Cu 33 (d b 2 B2006)

Cu 34 (d b 1 D2006)

Cu 35(d b 2 A2007)

Cu 36.(d b D2007)

Cu 38.(d b 2 B2010)

Cu 39(d b 2 B2010 )

Cu 40 (d b A2012)
.
18

Cu 41 (d b A2012 NC)

Cu 42 (d b 2 B2005)

Cu 43 (d b 1 A2004)

Cu 44 (d b 2A2004)

Cu 45(d b 1 B2004)

Cu 46 (d b 2 D2004)

.
19
PHN 2 NG TRN
Cu 1 (A2012)

Cu 2 (C 2013)

Cu 3(H 2005)

Cu 4.(B2006)

Cu 5.(D2006)

Cu 6.(A2007)

Cu 7.(D2007)

Cu 8.(B2009)
.
20

Cu 9.(D2010)

Cu 10. (D2011)

Cu 11. (B2012)

Cu12. (D2012)

Cu 13. (A2013)

Cu 17. (d b A2007)

Cu 18 .(d b 1 B2007)

Cu 19. (d b 2 B2007)

.
21
Cu 20.(d b A2010)

Cu 21 (d b 1 B 2010)

Cu 22 (d b 2 B2010)

Cu 23 (d b A2011)
.Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC vi nh ( ) 3 , 2 A , ta tm ng trn
ngoi tip ,ni tip c ta ln lt l ( ) 6 , 6 I v ( ) 5 , 4 K .Tm ta hai nh cn li ca
tam gic

Cu 24 (d b 1 A2005)

Cu 25 (d b 2 A2005)

Cu 26 (d b 1 B2005)

.
22
Cu 27 (d b 2 D2005)

PHN 3. ELIP
Cu 1. (D2002)

Cu 2(D2005)

Cu 3.(A2008)

Cu 4 (B2010)

Cu 5 (A2011)

Cu 6 (A2012)

.
23

Cu 7 (B2012)

Cu 8 (d b 1 A2006)

Cu 9 (d b 2 D2006)

Cu 10 (d b 1 D2005)

Cu 11 (d b 2 B2004)

HONG THI VIT

Giai Thích Áhrhgsdvhbsdbh

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Giai Thích Áhrhgsdvhbsdbh

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CHUYN PHNG PHP TA MT PHNG LUYN THI I HC

c gi l vect ch phng ca ng thng A nu gi ca n song song

gl vect php tuyn ca ng thng A nu gi ca n vung gc vi A.

(1) ( t l tham s).

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