There are 4 large molecules that make up living things.

1. Carbohydrates
2. Fats (lipids)
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic acids
When a bond is made energy is stored
When a bond is broken energy is released
1. Carbohydrates
Can be sugars or starches
Polysaccharide (draw it)
In the form of a ring
Broken down for energy first because
Monosaccharide (draw it)
Disaccharide (draw it)
2. Lipid (fat)
Long chain of carbon
Has many bonds, therefore, can store a lot
of energy
Describe animal fat.
Describe plant fat.
Which plant lipid is best for you? Why?
Broken down second for energy. Has more
energy than carbohydrates, but takes more
energy to break it down.
3. Proteins
Make up your muscles, hormones, enzymes
Enzymes have a specific job. Their shape determines
their job. Their shape can change by
Broken down last for energy this is when a
person is near starvation
ENZYMES
Substrate what an enzyme works on
To name an enzyme, remove the ending
and add ase.
Sucrose Sucrase
Lactose _______
4. Nucleic Acids
There are two kinds: DNA and RNA
DNA (chromosomes, genes) is found in the
nucleus of the cell. It cant get out of the
nucleus. It controls the cell. To get a
message to the other parts of the cell, it
must send a messenger (RNA).