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المصهرات والقواطع الكهربائية والمرحلات PDF
المصهرات والقواطع الكهربائية والمرحلات PDF
W
W
K
K K
K K
K K
K K
W
K
W
K
W
K
- -
WK
K
K
F K
KE
Relays
Current Transformers (C.T.)
Potential Transformers (P.T. or V.T.)
Lightning or Surge Arrestors
K
K
K
K
- -
FusesW
FusesK
KK
(Transient
Fuse holder
Fuse base
Fuse carrier
Fuse link
- -
K
K
Fuse link
(Cartridge)
K (Arc Extinction)
K element
K
Current Rating K
(In) K
K
KL
(Fusing Factor) K
- -
Arcing Time K
K
K L
HZ
KK
W
K
K
K K
(Recovery voltage) K
K K
- -
K K
KK
W
JWK
Miniature Fuses
Semi-enclosed Fuses
Expulsion Fuses
Power Fuses
JWK
K
K
WK
- -
(4000 5000 K)
K
K
( Vacuum Fuses)
K
- -
( Prospective Peak Current)
K( I2 t)
I
Ip
Irms
ID
tm =
ta =
tc =
tm ta
tc
EF
- -
K E F
K ( Dual Element)
K E F
K K
K
EF
- -
KEF
K
K
EF
E F
K[IEC 282] K
K
- -
E JF
K
E JF
- -
KK
E F
( I2tc) E F
K ( I2tm)
K
1
tm
2
tc
EF
(Selectivity Ratio K
K Tables)
K1 : 1.25 and 1 : 3
K
- -
E F K
EF
KEF
K
EF
K K
E FKEF
( ( I
Nmin)
KK
- -
E400 V F E F
KE10 12 kVF
- -
EF
E10 12 kVF
I
EF
16
40
63
63
100
100
160
200
200
Nmax
INminEF
16
25
25
40
63
63
63
100
100
EkVAF
50
100
200
250
400
500
630
800
1000
EF
E10 12 kVFE400 VF
1000 800 ?
500 400 250 200 160 125 80
40
25
EF
25 60
EF
K
E FWEa F
E F K 100 400
160 E FWEb F
E100F160 EFK
K
- -
K 200 W Ec F
E F 40
250KE 63F
K63
11kV
11kV
11kV
500kVA
x=0.06 pu
Ip =26 A
Is = 760 A
1000kVA
x=0.06 pu
Ip =52.5 A
Is = 1519 A
380V
4X400A
4X200A
4X250A
800A
(c)
(b)
EF
- -
(a)
W
K
KK
(Switchgear)
K
K
W
W K
( Disconnect Ea
Switches)
K(Load Break Switches) Eb
(Circuit K
KBreaker)
W
Ea
K
- -
Eb
K
K Ec
K
K
K
K
K E F
E F
K
KK
W
Rated Voltage
K
KEF
K
K
Rated Frequency
K
K
- -
Rated Insulation Voltage K
K
KEF
Rated Breaking Current
K
K
- -
K K
KK
(10,000 to EF
K( 10-5 .m)20,000 C)
KEF
K K
100 ( 20 V/cm)
K10
EF
- -
E
K
WEF
K
K
KK
EF
K EF
(Blow-Out Coil)
- -
X
X
EF
EF
K (Arc Splitters)
KE F
K
K
- -
EF
KK
W
Air Circuit Breakers
W
Low Voltage C.B.
E1000 VF Ea
E240kV33kVF Ec
- -
E240 kVF Ed
KK
K
K
W
1200 A K
EFK 10,000 A
EFEF
- -
K
130,000 4000
EFK
EFEF
KW
EF
K 10
E F
K
I
EF
K50
- -
K ( 30 70 %)
(tripping Characteristics)E F E F
K
K
I1
I2
(IR )
HEF
- -
(2 10 ) IR
(IR )
HEF
0.5 sec
0.03 sec
(IR )
HEF
- -
0.5 sec
0.03 sec
I3
(IR )
HHEF
15 In
(IR )
FHHEF
E
- -
KK
K
K
EF
EF
K
- -
EF
20EaF
2 and 3
K
X
X
EF
- -
EF
KK
W
EF K
KEF J
K100 J
WEFK
K J
K70 J
- -
100 ms
EF
70 ms
EF
KEFW
- -
200A
..
11kV
..
500kVA
Ip =26 A
Is = 760 A
Isc=12kA
380V
EF
KE F
KK
EF
- -
K63, 100EF
K100100
KK
W
Oil Circuit Breakers EF
W
Bulk Oil Circuit Breakers J
Minimum Oil Circuit Breakers J
E FK
K
- -
EFEF
aEF
K K
- -
K
KWK
K KEbF
E5FECF
K 4,6
EF
E FK K
12
10,000kV, 31.5 kA
- -
EF
K E F
10-7
K
K
EF
- -
F K
K
E
EFEF
- -
EFEF
K
K20,000100
30,000
EFK
E F
Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6)F
L 6.07 20 CK
- -
E FK
KSF6
SF6EF
( electro-
K negativity)
K
- -
( SF6)
K SF6 E F
K 3.5
EF
EaFKEF
(3),(4)K (b)
- -
EF
(c)(b)(a)
2000 400010 20
K
- -
W
JK
JKK
K
K
KEFK
WEF
K K
K K
K K
K K
K K
K K
K K
K K
- -
EF
JKK
K
K
W
K K
K
K
7
(interlock)
K
- -
WK
K K
K(VI cos) K
V/I K
F K
KE
JKK
W
Thermal Relays
Digital Relays
Static Relays
K
- -
Induction relaysEF
2 1
K
W 2 1 T
T 1 1 sin
.
(shaded W
KPole)
KW
KEF
K
_K
K40 45
- -
EF
E F
KE F
EF
- -
EF
W
T1 = k1I2
T2 = k1 I02
T1 K
T 2 K
KI0
T3 = k2 (d/t)
T3 K
d
KEF t
- -
T = k1 I2 k1 I02 k2 (d / t)
WT = 0
K1 ( I2 I02) = k2 ( d / t)
T = k d /( I2 I02)
I0 and d
KE F
I0
EF
WK
- -
K K
K K
KK
E FK
EF
EF
EF
- -
K E F
K E1F
E3F
KE4 F
E5FK
K E7F
KE8F
2
1
KE9F
8
10
.
.
. .
. .
. .
. .
EF
- -
KEF
EBFV1
VE V1K
VE V1K C E
C
B
+
V1
-
E
VE
EF
EF
W
KEF
F K
KEC L
KER C F K
- -
EF
EF
EF
F
KEC1 & R1
K C2 R2 T1
P T1
KTR T2 T1
K D Th
+Vc
T
R1
C2
R2
T1
C1
EF
- -
TR
K
K
K K
KEaF
KEb F
Eb F
K
- -
.
.
EaF
EbF
EF
- -
KEF
+
-
EF
KE1000F K
E500 kVA F K
K(differential Protection)
K(Impedance Protection) K
K K
- -
K K
K K
W
Time grading K
Current grading K
(IDMT K
KRelays)
Components of Induction Type O/C Relay
K E F
W Tap Block
KKEF
W Damping Magnet
F
KE
KWTime Dial
WWSpring
K
- -
W C.T.
W
1A or K K
K5A
K
K
EF
125 % 1 A W
400 : 1 K T.M.S = 0.6
KKEF4000 A
- -
F
4000 A
C.B.
EF
I = 4000 / 400 = 10 A
I / I0 = (10 / 1.25) = 8
t = 2 Seconds EF
EF
- -
K
E k\ V2F Ek I2F
KK
k
V
I
k
k
k
k
k
k
K E F
K
K k
, k
k
k
EFK
X
k
k
-R
-X
EF
- -
KE F
KEF
W
T V
I Cos ( - )
VI
90-
EF
- -
-R
-X
EF
EF
Directional Over Current Protection
K
K
E F Induction Relay
KEF
- -
v
T+ve
c
Ir
Vr
Vr
Ir ,c
Iv ,v
EF
c Ir v Vr
T = k2 Vr . Ir. Cos ( r + )
- -
r E F
W
K r J
r J
Solenoid coil J{
KEFEF
EF
- -
JKK
KEF
K
EF
(Ampere,s law)B
Bl = 0Ni
(1)
W
W
W B
Wl
WN
0 = 4 10-7W0
WB(1)
(2) B = 0
W B
(3)
B = 0 r
K1000r
- -
( F
EdlF
WK
B = 0 r
W
= 0 r
K
KEFr
Fr
JKK
KEF
- -
KE F
K
2
1
inch
1/2 5/8
3/4
EF
(inrush current)
5:1K(holding current)
K15:1
JKK
- -
E F
K
J
KK
EWF
KEWF
K
K
K W
E F
K
- -
KEF
B KA K
K (elastic diaphragm)
C K
K
K
- -
F EK
KDCE
KF A
K (pilot)
KW
(starter solenoid) J
K
K (ignition switch)
E F
K W
K
- -
- -
KK
KK
KKK
KK
E JFE JFK
11kV
11kV
11kV
500kVA
x=0.06 pu
Ip =26 A
Is = 760 A
1000kVA
x=0.06 pu
Ip =52.5 A
Is = 1519 A
380V
4X250A
4X500A
4X250A
4x500 A
1000A
(c)
(b)
- -
(a)
EF
KKK
KK
KK
W
KK
KK
KK
K
KK
KK
KK
- -