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Chapter 5
Methodology/ Planning of work
STEP 1. Study of Research papers on parameter improvement of Rectangular Microstrip
patch antenna.
STEP 2. Design of Rectangular Patch antenna using IE3D software or HFSS software
The three essential parameters for the design of a rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna are:
Frequency of operation ( f
o
)
Dielectric constant of the substrate (
r)

Height of dielectric substrate(h)
Transmission line model will be used to design the rectangular microstrip patch antenna, as
this model is simplest of all. For designing length (L) and width (W) can be calculated as[7]

1.Calculation of the Width (W ): The width of the Microstrip patch antenna is given by

2. Calculation of Effective dielectric constant ( ) :



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3. Calculation of the Effective length ( L
eff
): Effective length is calculated by:

4. Calculation of the length extension ( L ):

5. Calculation of actual length of patch ( L ): The actual length is obtained as

6. Determination of Feed point location (X
f,
Y
f
) :
A coaxial probe type feed is to be used in this design. The center of the patch is taken as the
origin and the feed point location is given by the co-ordinates ( X
f,
Y
f
) from the origin. The feed
point must be located at that point on the patch, where the input impedance is 50 ohms for the
resonant frequency. Hence, a trial and error method is used to locate the feed point.
STEP 3. Implementation of
Slotting
Tapering
Using EBG structure
Using Fractal Shapes Defects
Using EBG with Fractals etc
on the proposed antenna design.
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STEP 4. Observing the results and impact on account of modifying the rectangular microstrip
patch antenna.
STEP 5. Fabrication of the simulated Patch antenna. After the modeling of the proposed patch
antenna and achieving satisfactory results we came to our fabrication part.
STEP 6. Finally testing the fabricated antenna to verify the required result.