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Physics 9th Edition
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%u&lis'ed &( )ats)ats
See *ore

%ro&le*s
+
,-
a.erage a//eleration .alues is 0ind t'e .elo/it( of t'e /arat t'e end of t'e initial twel.e1se/ond
inter.al2
33$-2
4wo *otor/(/les are tra.eling due east wit' different .elo/ities2)owe.er!four se/onds later!t'e(
'a.e t'e sa*e .elo/it(2 During t'isfour1se/ond inter.al!/(/le 5 'as an a.erage a//eleration of
$20 *6s
$
dueeast!w'ile /(/le B 'as an a.erage a//eleration of 20 *6s
$
due east2 B('ow *u/' did t'e speeds
differ
at t'e &eginning of t'e four1se/ond inter1.al!and w'i/' *otor/(/le was *o.ing faster7
Se/tion $289uations of :ine*ati/s for ;onstant 5//eleration!Se/tion $2, 5ppli/ations of t'e 89uations
of :ine*ati/s
$2
<n getting read( to sla*1dun# t'e &all!a &as#et&all pla(er starts fro*rest and sprints to a speed of
620 *6s in 12, s2 5ssu*ing t'at t'e pla(era//elerates unifor*l(!deter*ine t'e distan/e 'e runs2
$,2
ss*
5 =ogger a//elerates fro* rest to -20 *6s in $20 s2 5 /ar a//el1erates fro* -820 to 120 *6s also in
$20 s2
(a)
0ind t'e a//eleration(*agnitude onl() of t'e =ogger2
(&)
Deter*ine t'e a//eleration (*agni1tude onl() of t'e /ar2
(/)
Does t'e /ar tra.el fart'er t'an t'e =ogger dur1ing t'e $20 s7 <f so!'ow *u/' fart'er7
$62
5 V> Beetle goes fro* 0 to 6020 *i6' wit' an a//eleration of
a
1
6
a
$

12,02
-20 *6s51$
?
BB5
Se/tion $2- 5//eleration
12
Re.iew ;on/eptual 8@a*ple " as &a/#ground for t'is pro&le*2 5 /aris tra.eling to t'e left!w'i/'
is t'e negati.e dire/tion2 4'e dire/tion of tra.el re*ains t'e sa*e t'roug'out t'is pro&le*2 4'e
/arAs initial speedis $"20 *6s!and during a ,201s inter.al!it /'anges to a final speed of
(a)
$B20 *6s and
(&)
$-20 *6s2 <n ea/' /ase!find t'e a//eleration (*ag1nitude and alge&rai/ sign) and state w'et'er or not t'e
/ar is de/elerating2
1 , 2 ( a )
Suppose t'at a C5S;5R ra/e /ar is *o.ing to t'e rig't wit'a /onstant .elo/it( of

8$ *6s2 >'at is t'e a.erage a//eleration of t'e/ar7

(&)
4wel.e se/onds later!t'e /ar is 'alfwa( around t'e tra/# andtra.eling in t'e opposite dire/tion
wit' t'e sa*e speed2 >'at is t'ea.erage a//eleration of t'e /ar7
162
D.er a ti*e inter.al of $216 (ears!t'e .elo/it( of a planet or&iting adistant star re.erses
dire/tion!/'anging fro*

$02B #*6s to

182, #*6s20ind
(a)
t'e total /'ange in t'e planetAs .elo/it( (in *6s) and
(&)
itsa.erage a//eleration (in *6s
$
) during t'is inter.al2 <n/lude t'e /orre/talge&rai/ sign wit' (our answers to /on.e( t'e
dire/tions of t'e .elo/it(and t'e a//eleration2
1"2
ss*
5 *otor/(/le 'as a /onstant a//eleration of $2, *6s
$
2 Bot' t'e.elo/it( and a//eleration of t'e *otor/(/le point in t'e sa*e dire/tion2)ow *u/' ti*e
is re9uired for t'e *otor/(/le to /'ange its speed fro*
(a)
$1 to -1 *6s!and
(&)
,1 to 61 *6s7
182
5 sprinter e@plodes out of t'e starting &lo/# wit' an a//eleration of

$2- *6s
$
!w'i/' s'e sustains for 12$ s2 4'en!'er a//eleration drops toEero for t'e rest of t'e ra/e2 >'at is
'er .elo/it(
(a)
at
t

12$ s and
(&)
at t'e end of t'e ra/e7
1B2
4'e initial .elo/it( and a//eleration of four *o.ing o&=e/ts at agi.en instant in ti*e are gi.en in
t'e following ta&le2 Deter*ine t'e final
speed
of ea/' of t'e o&=e/ts!assu*ing t'at t'e ti*e elapsed sin/e
t

0 sis $20 s2
<nitial .elo/it(
.
0
5//eleration
a
(a)

1$ *6s

-20 *6s
$
(&)

1$ *6s

-20 *6s
$
(/)

1$ *6s

-20 *6s
$
(d)

1$ *6s

-20 *6s
$
$02
5n 5ustralian e*u is running due nort' in a straig't line at aspeed of 1-20 *6s and slows down
to a speed of 1026 *6s in 20 s2
(a)
>'at is t'e dire/tion of t'e &irdAs a//eleration7
(&)
5ssu*ing t'att'e a//eleration re*ains t'e sa*e!w'at is t'e &irdAs .elo/it( after anadditional $20
s 'as elapsed7
$12
ss*
0or a standard produ/tion /ar!t'e 'ig'est road1tested a//elera1tion e.er reported o//urred in
1BB-!w'en a 0ord RS$00 8.olution wentfro* Eero to $628 *6s (60 *i6') in -2$", s2 0ind t'e
*agnitude of t'e/arAs a//eleration2
3$$2
**'
5 /ar is tra.eling along a straig't road at a .elo/it( of

-620 *6sw'en its engine /uts out2 0or t'e ne@t twel.e se/onds t'e /ar slows down!and its a.erage
a//eleration is 0or t'e ne@t si@ se/onds t'e /ar slowsdown furt'er!and its a.erage a//eleration is
4'e .elo/it( of t'e /ar att'e end of t'e eig'teen1se/ond period is

$820 *6s2 4'e ratio of t'e

a
$
2
a
1
2
%ro&le* 1-

$2-, *6s
$
2
(a)
)ow *u/' ti*e does it ta#e for t'e Beetle to rea/' t'isspeed7
(&)
5 top1fuel dragster /an go fro* 0 to 6020 *i6' in 02600 s20ind t'e a//eleration (in *6s
$
) of t'e dragster2
$"2
Bef or e s t ar t i ng t 'i s pr o&l e*! r e.i ew Ful t i pl e1 ;on/ept 8@a*ple 624'e left
.entri/le of t'e 'eart a//elerates &loodfro* rest to a .elo/it( of

$6 /*6s2
(a)
<f t'e displa/e*ent of t'e &loodduring t'e a//eleration is

$20 /*!deter*ine its a//eleration (in /*6s

$
)2
(&)
)ow *u/' ti*e does &lood ta#e to rea/' its final .elo/it(7
$82 (a)
>'at is t'e *agnitude of t'e a.erage a//eleration of a s#ier w'o!starting fro* rest!rea/'es a
speed of 820 *6s w'en going down a slopefor ,20 s7
(&)
)ow far does t'e s#ier tra.el in t'is ti*e7
$B2
ss*
5 =etliner!tra.eling nort'ward!is landing wit' a speed of 6B *6s2 Dn/e t'e =et tou/'es
down!it 'as ",0 * of runwa( in w'i/' toredu/e its speed to 621 *6s2 ;o*pute t'e a.erage
a//eleration (*agni1tude and dire/tion) of t'e plane during landing2
-02
**'
4'e :entu/#( Der&( is 'eld at t'e ;'ur/'ill Downs tra/# in Louis.ille!:entu/#(2 4'e tra/# is
one and one19uarter *iles in lengt'2Dne of t'e *ost fa*ous 'orses to win t'is e.ent was
Se/retariat2 <n 1B"-'e set a Der&( re/ord t'at would &e 'ard to &eat2 )is a.erage a//elera1tion
during t'e last four 9uarter1*iles of t'e ra/e was

02010, *6s
$
2 )is.elo/it( at t'e start of t'e final *ile (
@

160B *) was a&out

162,8 *6s24'e a//eleration!alt'oug' s*all!was .er( i*portant to 'is .i/tor(2 4oassess its
effe/t!deter*ine t'e differen/e &etween t'e ti*e 'e would'a.e ta#en to run t'e final *ile at a
/onstant .elo/it( of

162,8 *6s andt'e ti*e 'e a/tuall( too#2 5lt'oug' t'e tra/# is o.al in s'ape!assu*e itis straig't
for t'e purpose of t'is pro&le*2
-12
ss* **'
5 /art is dri.en &( a large propeller or fan!w'i/' /an a/1/elerate or de/elerate t'e /art2 4'e /art
starts out at t'e position
@

0 *!wit' an initial .elo/it( of

,20 *6s and a /onstant a//eleration due to t'efan2 4'e dire/tion to t'e rig't is positi.e2 4'e /art
rea/'es a *a@i*u*position of
@

1$2, *!w'ere it &egins to tra.el in t'e negati.e dire/1tion2 0ind t'e a//eleration of t'e /art2
-$2
**'
4wo ro/#ets are fl(ing in t'e sa*e dire/tion and are side &(side at t'e instant t'eir retroro/#ets
fire2 Ro/#et 5 'as an initial .elo/it(of

,800 *6s!w'ile ro/#et B 'as an initial .elo/it( of

8600 *6s2 5ftera ti*e

t
&ot' ro/#ets are again side &( side!t'e displa/e*ent of ea/'&eing Eero2 4'e a//eleration of
ro/#et 5 is

1, *6s
$
2 >'at is t'e a//el1eration of ro/#et B7
3--2
**'
5 /ar is tra.eling at $020 *6s!and t'e dri.er sees a traffi/ lig'tturn red2 5fter 02,-0 s (t'e rea/tion
ti*e)!t'e dri.er applies t'e &ra#es!and t'e /ar de/elerates at "200 *6s
$
2 >'at is t'e stopping distan/e of t'e/ar!as *easured fro* t'e point w'ere t'e dri.er first sees
t'e red lig't7

,
+
;'apter $
:ine*ati/s in Dne Di*ension
3-2
**'
5 ra/e dri.er 'as *ade a pit stop to refuel2 5fter refueling!
,2
4'e drawing s'ows a de.i/e t'at(ou /an *a#e wit' a pie/e of /ard&oard!w'i/' /an &e used to
*easure apersonAs rea/tion ti*e2)old t'e /ard at t'etop and suddenl( drop it2 5s# a friend totr(
to /at/' t'e /ard &etween 'is or 'ert'u*& and inde@ finger2 <nitiall(!(our friendAs fingers *ust
&e le.el wit' t'e as1teris#s at t'e &otto*2 B( noting w'ere (ourfriend /at/'es t'e /ard!(ou /an
deter*ine'is or 'er rea/tion ti*e in *illise/onds(*s)2 ;al/ulate t'e distan/es
d
1
!
d
$
! a n d
d
-
2
)DLD )8R8180 *s1$0 *s6020 *s
d
-
d
1
d
$

'e starts fro* rest and lea.es t'e pit area wit' an a//eleration w'ose*agnitude is 620 *6s
$
G after 20 s 'e enters t'e *ain speedwa(2 5t t'esa*e instant!anot'er /ar on t'e speedwa( and
tra.eling at a /onstant.elo/it( of "020 *6s o.erta#es and passes t'e entering /ar2 4'e entering/ar *aintains its
a//eleration2 )ow *u/' ti*e is re9uired for t'e entering/ar to /at/' t'e ot'er /ar7
3-,2
<n a 'istori/al *o.ie!two #nig'ts on 'orse&a/# start fro* rest8820 * apart and ride dire/tl(
toward ea/' ot'er to do &attle2 Sir HeorgeAsa//eleration 'as a *agnitude of 02-00 *6s
$
!w'ile Sir 5lfredAs 'as a *ag1nitude of 02$00 *6s
$
2 Relati.e to Sir HeorgeAs starting point!w'ere do t'e#nig'ts /ollide7
3-62
4wo so//er pla(ers start fro* rest!8 * apart2 4'e( run dire/tl(toward ea/' ot'er

!&ot' pla(ers a//elerating2 4'e first pla(erAs a//elera1tion 'as a *agnitude of 02,0 *6s
$
2 4'e se/ond pla(erAs a//eleration 'asa *agnitude of 02-0 *6s
$
2
(a)
)ow *u/' ti*e passes &efore t'e pla(ers/ollide7
(&)
5t t'e instant t'e( /ollide!'ow far 'as t'e first pla(er run7
3-"2
**'
5 /ar is tra.eling at a /onstant speed of -- *6s on a 'ig'wa(25t t'e instant t'is /ar passes an
entran/e ra*p!a se/ond /ar enters t'e'ig'wa( fro* t'e ra*p2 4'e se/ond /ar starts fro* rest and
'as a /on1stant a//eleration2 >'at a//eleration *ust it *aintain!so t'at t'e two/ars *eet for t'e
first ti*e at t'e ne@t e@it!w'i/' is $2, #* awa(7
3-82
5long a straig't road t'roug' town!t'ere are t'ree speed1li*it signs24'e( o//ur in t'e
following order:,,!-,!and $, *i6'!wit' t'e -,1*i6'sign lo/ated *idwa( &etween t'e
ot'er two2 D&e(ing t'ese speed li*its!t'e s*allest possi&le ti*e
t
5
t'at a dri.er /an spend on t'is part of t'eroad is to tra.el &etween t'e first and se/ond signs at ,,
*i6' and &e1tween t'e se/ond and t'ird signs at -, *i6'2 Fore realisti/all(!a dri.er/ould slow
down fro* ,, to -, *i6' wit' a /onstant de/eleration andt'en do a si*ilar t'ing fro* -, to $,
*i6'2 4'is alternati.e re9uires ati*e
t
B
2 0ind t'e ratio
t
B
6
t
5
2
3-B2
Refer to Fultiple1;on/ept 8@a*ple , to re.iew a *et'od &(w'i/' t'is pro&le* /an &e sol.ed2
Iou are dri.ing (our /ar!and t'e traf1fi/ lig't a'ead turns red2 Iou appl( t'e &ra#es for -200
s!and t'e .elo/1it( of t'e /ar de/reases to

2,0 *6s2 4'e /arAs de/eleration 'as a*agnitude of $2"0 *6s

$
during t'is ti*e2 >'at is t'e /arAs displa/e*ent7
3302
5 Boeing "" JKu*&o KetL'as a lengt' of ,B2" *2 4'e runwa( onw'i/' t'e plane lands interse/ts
anot'er runwa(2 4'e widt' of t'e inter1se/tion is $,20 *2 4'e plane de/elerates t'roug' t'e
interse/tion at a rateof ,2"0 *6s
$
and /lears it wit' a final speed of ,20 *6s2 )ow *u/' ti*eis needed for t'e plane to /lear t'e
interse/tion7
3312
ss*
5 lo/o*oti.e is a//elerating at 126 *6s
$
2 <t passes t'roug' a$0201*1wide /rossing in a ti*e of $2 s2 5fter t'e lo/o*oti.e lea.es
t'e/rossing!'ow *u/' ti*e is re9uired until its speed rea/'es -$ *6s7
33$2
5 train 'as a lengt' of B$ * and starts fro* rest wit' a /onstanta//eleration at ti*e
t

0 s2 5t t'is instant!a /ar =ust rea/'es t'e end of t'e train2 4'e /ar is *o.ing wit' a /onstant
.elo/it(2 5t a ti*e
t

1 s!t'e /ar =ust rea/'es t'e front of t'e train2 Ulti*atel(!'owe.er!t'e trainpulls a'ead of t'e
/ar!and at ti*e
t

$8 s!t'e /ar is again at t'e rear of t'e train2 0ind t'e *agnitudes of
(a)
t'e /arAs .elo/it( and
(&)
t'etrainAs a//eleration2
Se/tion $260reel( 0alling Bodies
-2
ss*
4'e greatest 'eig't reported for a =u*p into an air&ag is BB2 *&( stunt*an Dan :o#o2 <n 1B8
'e =u*ped fro* rest fro* t'e top of t'eVegas >orld )otel and ;asino2 )e stru/# t'e air&ag at a speed of
-B *6s(88 *i6')2 4o assess t'e effe/ts of air resistan/e!deter*ine 'ow fast 'ewould 'a.e &een
tra.eling on i*pa/t 'ad air resistan/e &een a&sent2
2
5 d(na*ite &last at a 9uarr( laun/'es a /'un# of ro/# straig't up1ward!and $20 s later it is rising
at a speed of 1, *6s2 5ssu*ing air resist1an/e 'as no effe/t on t'e ro/#!/al/ulate its speed
(a)
at laun/' and
(&)
,20 s after laun/'2
62
**'
5 &all is t'rown .erti/all( upward!w'i/' is t'e positi.edire/tion2 5 little later it returns to its point of
release2 4'e &all is in t'e airfor a total ti*e of 820 s2 >'at is its initial .elo/it(7 Cegle/t air resistan/e2
"2
Re.iew ;on/eptual 8@a*ple 1, &efore atte*pting t'is pro&le*2 4woidenti/al pellet guns are
fired si*ultaneousl( fro* t'e edge of a /liff24'ese guns i*part an initial speed of -020 *6s to
ea/' pellet2 Hun 5 isfired straig't upward!wit' t'e pellet going up and t'en falling
&a/# down!e.entuall( 'itting t'e ground &eneat' t'e /liff2 Hun B is firedstraig't downward2 <n
t'e a&sen/e of air resistan/e!'ow long after pelletB 'its t'e ground does pellet 5 'it t'e ground7
82
**'
5n astronaut on a distant planet wants to deter*ine its a//el1eration due to gra.it(2 4'e astronaut
t'rows a ro/# straig't up wit' a .e1lo/it( of

1, *6s and *easures a ti*e of $020 s &efore t'e ro/# returnsto 'is 'and2 >'at is t'e a//eleration
(*agnitude and dire/tion) due togra.it( on t'is planet7
B2
ss*
5 'ot1air &alloon is rising upward wit' a /onstant speed of $2,0 *6s2 >'en t'e &alloon is -200 *
a&o.e t'e ground!t'e &alloonista//identall( drops a /o*pass o.er t'e side of t'e &alloon2 )ow
*u/'ti*e elapses &efore t'e /o*pass 'its t'e ground7
,02
5 &all is t'rown straig't upward and rises to a *a@i*u* 'eig'tof 16 * a&o.e its laun/' point2
5t w'at 'eig't a&o.e its laun/' point 'ast'e speed of t'e &all de/reased to one1'alf of its initial
.alue7
,12
Fultiple1;on/ept 8@a*ple 6 re.iews t'e /on/epts t'at pla( a role int'is pro&le*2 5 di.er
springs upward wit' an initial speed of 128 *6sfro* a -201* &oard2
(a)
0ind t'e .elo/it( wit' w'i/' 'e stri#es t'ewater2
M)int:>'en t'e di.er rea/'es t'e water!'is displa/e*ent is (

-20 *
(*easured fro* t'e &oard)!assu*ing t'at t'e downward dire/tion is /'osen as t'e negati.e
dire/tion2N
(&)
>'at is t'e 'ig'estpoint 'e rea/'es a&o.e t'e water7
,$2
5 &all is t'rown straig't upward2 5t 200 * a&o.e its laun/' point!t'e &allAs speed is one1'alf its
laun/' speed2 >'at *a@i*u* 'eig'ta&o.e its laun/' point does t'e &all attain7
,-2
ss*
0ro* 'er &edroo* window a girl drops a water1filled &alloonto t'e ground!620 * &elow2 <f t'e
&alloon is released fro* rest!'ow longis it in t'e air7
,2
Before wor#ing t'is pro&le*!re.iew ;on/eptual 8@a*ple 1,2 5 pel1let gun is fired straig't
downward fro* t'e edge of a /liff t'at is 1, *a&o.e t'e ground2 4'e pellet stri#es t'e ground
wit' a speed of $" *6s2)ow far a&o.e t'e /liff edge would t'e pellet 'a.e gone 'ad t'e gun
&eenfired straig't upward7
,,2
;onsult Fultiple1;on/ept 8@a*ple , in preparation for t'ispro&le*2 4'e .elo/it( of a di.er =ust &efore
'itting t'e water is

1021 *6s!w'ere t'e *inus sign indi/ates t'at 'er *otion is dire/tl(downward2 >'at is 'er
displa/e*ent during t'e last 12$0 s of t'e di.e7
3,62
5 golf &all is dropped fro* rest fro* a 'eig't of B2,0 *2 <t 'itst'e pa.e*ent!t'en &oun/es &a/#
up!rising =ust ,2"0 * &efore falling&a/# down again2 5 &o( t'en /at/'es t'e &all on t'e wa(
down w'en itis 12$0 * a&o.e t'e pa.e*ent2 <gnoring air resistan/e!/al/ulate t'e totala*ount of
ti*e t'at t'e &all is in t'e air!fro* drop to /at/'2

%ro&le*s
+
,,
3,"2
**'
5 wo*an on a &ridge ",20 * 'ig' sees a raft floating at a/onstant speed on t'e ri.er &elow2
4r(ing to 'it t'e raft!s'e drops a stonefro* rest w'en t'e raft 'as "200 * *ore to tra.el &efore
passing undert'e &ridge2 4'e stone 'its t'e water 200 * in front of t'e raft2 0ind t'espeed of t'e
raft2
3,82
4wo stones are t'rown si*ultaneousl(!one straig't upward
O12$,O1200O02",O02,0O02$,00
% o s i t i o n ( # * )
@
5B;
4i*e (')
t
0 2 $ 0 0 2 0 0 2 6 0 0 2 8 0 1 2 0 0
D
O100O80O60O0O$000
V e l o / i t ( ( * 6 s )
P
5 B;
4i*e (s)
t
1 0 $ 0 - 0 0 , 0 6 0
O,020O020O-020O$020O102000 0 2 , 1 2 0 1 2 , 4i*e
t
(')$ 2 0 $ 2 , - 2 0
% o s i t i o n
@
( # * )
5 B;
662
Starting at
@

16 * at ti*e
t

0 s!an o&=e/t ta#es 18 s to tra.el8 * in t'e

@
dire/tion at a /onstant .elo/it(2 Fa#e a positionQti*egrap' of t'e o&=e/tAs *otion and /al/ulate
its .elo/it(2
6"2
**'
5 snow*o&ile *o.es a//ording to t'e .elo/it(Qti*e grap's'own in t'e drawing2 >'at is t'e
snow*o&ileAs a.erage a//elerationduring ea/' of t'e seg*ents
5
!
B
! a n d
;
7
682
5 &us *a#es a trip a//ording to t'e positionQti*e grap' s'own in t'edrawing2 >'at is t'e
a.erage .elo/it( (*agnitude and dire/tion) of t'e&us during ea/' of t'e seg*ents
5
!
B
! a n d
;
7 8@press (our answersin #*6'2
36B2
5 &us *a#es a trip a//ording to t'e positionQti*e grap' s'ownin t'e illustration2 >'at is t'e
a.erage a//eleration (in #*6'
$
) of t'e &usfor t'e entire -2,1' period s'own in t'e grap'7fro* t'e &ase of a /liff and t'e ot'er
straig't downward fro* t'e top of t'e /liff2 4'e 'eig't of t'e /liff is 6200 *2 4'e stones are
t'rown wit' t'esa*e speed of B200 *6s2 0ind t'e lo/ation (a&o.e t'e &ase of t'e /liff) of t'e
point w'ere t'e stones /ross pat's2
3,B2
ss*
;onsult Fultiple1;on/ept 8@a*ple B to e@plore a *odel forsol.ing t'is pro&le*2
(a)
Kust for fun!a person =u*ps fro* rest fro*t'e top of a tall /liff o.erloo#ing a la#e2 <n falling
t'roug' a distan/e
)
!s'e a/9uires a /ertain speed
.
2 5ssu*ing free1fall /onditions!'ow *u/'fart'er *ust s'e fall in order to a/9uire a speed of $
.
7 8@press (ouranswer in ter*s of
)
2
(&)
>ould t'e answer to part (a) &e different if t'is e.ent were to o//ur on anot'er planet w'ere t'e
a//eleration due togra.it( 'ad a .alue ot'er t'an B280 *6s
$
7 8@plain2
3602
4wo arrows are s'ot .erti/all( upward2 4'e se/ond arrow iss'ot after t'e first one!&ut w'ile t'e first is
still on its wa( up2 4'e ini1tial speeds are su/' t'at &ot' arrows rea/' t'eir *a@i*u* 'eig'ts at
t'esa*e instant!alt'oug' t'ese 'eig'ts are different2 Suppose t'at t'e ini1tial speed of t'e first
arrow is $,20 *6s and t'at t'e se/ond arrow is fired12$0 s after t'e first2 Deter*ine t'e initial
speed of t'e se/ond arrow2
3612
ss*
5 /e*ent &lo/# a//identall( falls fro* rest fro* t'e ledge of a ,-201*1'ig' &uilding2 >'en t'e
&lo/# is 120 * a&o.e t'e ground!a*an!$200 * tall!loo#s up and noti/es t'at t'e &lo/# is dire/tl(
a&o.e'i*2 )ow *u/' ti*e!at *ost!does t'e *an 'a.e to get out of t'e wa(7
36$2
5 *odel ro/#et &lasts off fro* t'e ground!rising straig't up1ward wit' a /onstant a//eleration
t'at 'as a *agnitude of 8620 *6s
$
for12"0 se/onds!at w'i/' point its fuel a&ruptl( runs out2 5ir resistan/e 'asno effe/t on its flig't2
>'at *a@i*u* altitude (a&o.e t'e ground) willt'e ro/#et rea/'7
336-2
>'ile standing on a &ridge 1,20 * a&o.e t'e ground!(ou drop astone fro* rest2 >'en t'e stone
'as fallen -2$0 *!(ou t'row a se/ondstone straig't down2 >'at initial .elo/it( *ust (ou gi.e t'e
se/ond stoneif t'e( are &ot' to rea/' t'e ground at t'e sa*e instant7 4a#e t'e down1ward
dire/tion to &e t'e negati.e dire/tion2
3362
5 roof tile falls fro* rest fro* t'e top of a &uilding2 5n o&ser.erinside t'e &uilding noti/es t'at it
ta#es 02$0 s for t'e tile to pass 'er win1dow!w'i/' 'as a 'eig't of 126 *2 )ow far a&o.e t'e top
of t'is windowis t'e roof7
Se/tion $2"Hrap'i/al 5nal(sis of Velo/it( and 5//eleration
6,2
ss*
5 person w'o wal#s for e@er/ise produ/es t'e positionQti*egrap' gi.en wit' t'is pro&le*2
(a)
>it'out doing an( /al/ulations!de/idew'i/' seg*ents of t'e grap' (
5
!
B
!
;
!or
D
) indi/ate positi.e!negati.e!and Eero a.erage .elo/ities2
(&)
;al/ulate t'e a.erage .elo/it( for ea/'seg*ent to .erif( (our answers to part (a)2
O020O-020O$020O102000
% o s i t i o n ( # * )
@
0 2 , 1 2 0 1 2 , $ 2 0 $ 2 , - 2 0 -
2 ,
5 B ;
4i*e (')
t
3"02
5 runner is at t'e position
@

0 * w'en ti*e
t

0 s2 Dne 'undred*eters awa( is t'e finis' line2 8.er( ten se/onds!t'is runner runs 'alf t'e
re*aining distan/e to t'e finis' line2 During ea/' ten1se/ondseg*ent!t'e runner 'as a /onstant
.elo/it(2 0or t'e first fort( se/onds of t'e *otion!/onstru/t
(a)
t'e positionQti*e grap' and
(&)
t'e .elo/it(Qti*e grap'2

,6
+
;'apter $
:ine*ati/s in Dne Di*ension
re*ains /onstant2 Fa#e a positionQti*e grap' for one of t'e runners20r o* t 'i s
gr ap'! det er *i ne
(a)
'ow *u/' ti*e passes &efore t'erunners /ollide and
(&)
t'e speed wit' w'i/' ea/' is running at t'e*o*ent of /ollision2
"$2
4'e data in t'e following ta&le represent t'e initial and finalt'e /'eeta' *aintain in order to run
t'e sa*e distan/e as its pre( runs int'e sa*e ti*e7
3802
Fultiple1;on/ept 8@a*ple B illustrates t'e /on/epts t'at are perti1nent to t'is pro&le*2 5 /a&
dri.er pi/#s up a /usto*er and deli.ers 'er$200 #* awa(!on a straig't route2 4'e dri.er
a//elerates to t'e speedli*it and!on rea/'ing it!&egins to de/elerate at on/e2 4'e *agnitude
of t'e de/eleration is t'ree ti*es t'e *agnitude of t'e a//eleration2 0ind t'elengt's of t'e
a//eleration and de/eleration p'ases2
3812
ss*
5wo*an and 'er dog are out for a *orning run to t'e ri.er!w'i/' is lo/ated 20 #* awa(2 4'e
wo*an runs at $2, *6s in a straig'tline2 4'e dog is unleas'ed and runs &a/# and fort' at 2, *6s
&etween 'isowner and t'e ri.er!until t'e wo*an rea/'es t'e ri.er2 >'at is t'e totaldistan/e run
&( t'e dog7
38$2
4'e leader of a &i/(/le ra/e is tra.eling wit' a /onstant .elo/it(.elo/ities for a &oat tra.eling
along t'e
@
a@is2 4'e elapsed ti*e for ea/'of t'e four pairs of .elo/ities in t'e ta&le is $20 s2 Re.iew t'e
/on/ept of a.erage a//eleration in Se/tion $2- and t'en deter*ine t'e a.erage a//el1eration
(*agnitude and dire/tion) for ea/' of t'e four pairs2 Cote t'at t'ealge&rai/ sign of (our answers
will /on.e( t'e dire/tion2
<nitial .elo/it(
.
0
0inal .elo/it(
.
(a)

$20 *6s

,20 *6s
(&)

,20 *6s

$20 *6s
(/)

620 *6s

-20 *6s
(d)

20 *6s

20 *6s
"-2
ss*
<n preparation for t'is pro&le*!re.iew ;on/eptual 8@a*ple "20ro* t'e top of a /liff!a person
uses a slings'ot to fire a pe&&le straig'tdownward!w'i/' is t'e negati.e dire/tion2 4'e initial
speed of t'e pe&1&le is B20 *6s2
(a)
>'at is t'e a//eleration (*agnitude and dire/tion)of t'e pe&&le during t'e downward *otion7 <s
t'e pe&&le de/elerating78@plain2
(&)
5fter 02,0 s!'ow far &eneat' t'e /liff top is t'e pe&&le7
"2
<n 1B, t'e 8nglis' runner Roger Bannister &ro#e t'e four1*inute&arrier for t'e *ile wit' a ti*e
of -:,B2 s (- *in and ,B2 s)2 <n 1BBBt'e Foro//an runner )i/'a* el1Huerrou= set a re/ord of
-:-21- s fort'e *ile2 <f t'ese two runners 'ad run in t'e sa*e ra/e!ea/' running t'eentire ra/e at
t'e a.erage speed t'at earned 'i* a pla/e in t'e re/ord&oo#s!el1Huerrou= would 'a.e won2 B(
'ow *an( *eters7
",2
ss*
5 speed ra*p at an airport is &asi/all( a large /on.e(or &elt onw'i/' (ou /an stand and &e
*o.ed along2 4'e &elt of one ra*p *o.es ata /onstant speed su/' t'at a person w'o stands still
on it lea.es t'e ra*p6 s after getting on2 ;lifford is in a real 'urr(!'owe.er!and s#ips t'espeed
ra*p2 Starting fro* rest wit' an a//eleration of 02-" *6s
$
! 'e /o.1 ers t'e sa*e distan/e as t'e ra*p does!&ut in one1fourt' t'e ti*e2 >'atis t'e speed at
w'i/' t'e &elt of t'e ra*p is *o.ing7
"62
**'
5t t'e &eginning of a &as#et&all ga*e!a referee tosses t'e &allstraig't up wit' a speed of 26 *6s2
5 pla(er /annot tou/' t'e &all untilafter it rea/'es its *a@i*u* 'eig't and &egins to fall down2
>'at is t'e*ini*u* ti*e t'at a pla(er *ust wait &efore tou/'ing t'e &all7
""2
8le/trons *o.e t'roug' a /ertain ele/tri/ /ir/uit at an a.erage speedof 121

10

$
*6s2 )ow long (in *inutes) does it ta#e an ele/tron totra.erse 12, * of wire in t'e fila*ent of a
lig't &ul&7
"82
<n 1BB8!C5S5 laun/'ed
Deep Spa/e 1
(DS11)!a spa/e/raft t'at su/1/essfull( flew &( t'e asteroid na*ed 1BB$ :D (w'i/' or&its t'e
sun*illions of *iles fro* t'e eart')2 4'e propulsion s(ste* of DS11 wor#ed&( e=e/ting 'ig'1
speed argon ions out t'e rear of t'e engine2 4'e engineslowl( in/reased t'e .elo/it( of DS11 &(
a&out

B20 *6s per da(2

(a)
)ow *u/' ti*e (in da(s) would it ta#e to in/rease t'e .elo/it( of DS11 &(

$"00 *6s7
(&)
>'at was t'e a//eleration of DS11 (in *6s
$
)7
"B2
**'
5 /'eeta' is 'unting2 <ts pre( runs for -20 s at a /onstant
33"12
ss*
4wo runners start one 'undred *eters apart and run towardea/' ot'er2 8a/' runs ten *eters
during t'e first se/ond2 During ea/'se/ond t'ereafter!ea/' runner runs ninet( per/ent of
t'e distan/e 'eran in t'e pre.ious se/ond2 4'us!t'e .elo/it( of ea/' person
/'angesfro* se/ond to se/ond2 )owe.er!during an( one se/ond!t'e .elo/it(.elo/it(
of

B20 *6s2 Starting fro* rest!w'at /onstant a//eleration *ustof

11210 *6s and is 1020 * a'ead of t'e se/ond1pla/e /(/list2 4'ese/ond1pla/e /(/list 'as a .elo/it(
of

B2,0 *6s and an a//eleration of

12$0 *6s
$
2 )ow *u/' ti*e elapses &efore 'e /at/'es t'e leader7
38-2
5 golfer rides in a golf /art at an a.erage speed of -210 *6s for$820 s2 S'e t'en gets out of t'e
/art and starts wal#ing at an a.eragespeed of 12-0 *6s2 0or 'ow long (in se/onds) *ust s'e wal# if 'er a.er1
age speed for t'e entire trip!riding and wal#ing!is 1280 *6s7
382
4wo /ars /o.er t'e sa*e distan/e in a straig't line2 ;ar 5/o.ers t'e distan/e at a /onstant
.elo/it(2 ;ar B starts fro* rest and*aintains a /onstant a//eleration2 Bot' /ars /o.er a distan/e
of 60 * in$10 s2 5ssu*e t'at t'e( are *o.ing in t'e

@
dire/tion2 Deter*ine
(a)
t'e /onstant .elo/it( of /ar 5!
(&)
t'e final .elo/it( of /ar B!and
(/)
t'e a//eleration of /ar B2
38,2
**'
5 poli/e /ar is tra.eling at a .elo/it( of 1820 *6s duenort'!w'en a /ar Eoo*s &( at a /onstant
.elo/it( of $20 *6s due nort'25fter a rea/tion ti*e of 02800 s t'e poli/e*an &egins to pursue
t'espeeder wit' an a//eleration of ,200 *6s
$
2 <n/luding t'e rea/tion ti*e!'ow long does it ta#e for t'e poli/e /ar to /at/' up wit' t'e
speeder7
33862
**'
5 'ot1air &alloon is rising straig't up at a /onstant speed of "20 *6s2 >'en t'e &alloon is 1$20 *
a&o.e t'e ground!a gun fires apellet straig't up fro* ground le.el wit' an initial speed of -020
*6s25long t'e pat's of t'e &alloon and t'e pellet!t'ere are two pla/es w'ereea/' of t'e* 'as t'e
sa*e altitude at t'e sa*e ti*e2 )ow far a&o.eground are t'ese pla/es7
338"2
ss*
<n a 9uarter1*ile drag ra/e!two /ars start si*ultaneousl( fro*rest!and ea/' a//elerates at a
/onstant rate until it eit'er rea/'es its*a@i*u* speed or /rosses t'e finis' line2 ;ar 5 'as an
a//eleration of 1120 *6s
$
and a *a@i*u* speed of 106 *6s2 ;ar B 'as an a//elerationof 1126 *6s
$
and a *a@i*u* speed of B$2 *6s2 >'i/' /ar wins t'e ra/e!and &( 'ow *an( se/onds7
33882
5 foot&all pla(er!starting fro* rest at t'e line of s/ri**age!a//el1erates along a straig't line for a ti*e
of 12, s2 4'en!during a negligi&lea*ount of ti*e!'e /'anges t'e *agnitude of 'is a//eleration to a .alueof 121 *6s
$
2 >it' t'is a//eleration!'e /ontinues in t'e sa*e dire/tion foranot'er 12$ s!until 'e rea/'es a speed of -2 *6s2
>'at is t'e .alue of 'isa//eleration (assu*ed to &e /onstant) during t'e initial 12,1s period7
5dditional %ro&le*s

,"
; ) 5 % 4 8 R
-
5 fire&oat on t'e 8ast Ri.er in LowerFan'attan! Cew Ior#! spra(s water in atest of its
e9uip*ent2 4'e ar/'ing strea*sof water follow para&oli/ pat's w'osesiEes depend on t'e laun/'
.elo/it( of t'ewater and t'e a//eleration due to gra.it(!assu*ing t'at t'e effe/ts of air
resistan/eare negligi&le2 (R Siegfried La(da6Hett(<*ages! <n/2)
:ine*ati/s in 4wo Di*ensions
Displa/e*ent! Velo/it(! and 5//eleration
<n ;'apter $ t'e /on/epts of displa/e*ent!.elo/it(!and a//eleration are used todes/ri&e an o&=e/t
*o.ing in one di*ension2 4'ere are also situations in w'i/' t'e *otionis along a /ur.ed pat'
t'at lies in a plane2 Su/' two1di*ensional *otion /an &e des/ri&edusing t'e sa*e /on/epts2 <n
Hrand %ri@ ra/ing!for e@a*ple!t'e /ourse follows a /ur.edroad!and 0igure -21 s'ows a ra/e /ar
at two different positions along it2 4'ese positionsare identified &( t'e .e/tors and !w'i/' are
drawn fro* an ar&itrar( /oordinateorigin2 4'e
displa/e*ent

of t'e /ar is t'e .e/tor drawn fro* t'e initial position atti*e
t
0
to t'e final position at ti*e
t
2 4'e *agnitude of

is t'e s'ortest distan/e&etween t'e two positions2 <n t'e drawing!t'e .e/tors and

are drawn tail to 'ead!soit is e.ident t'at is t'e .e/tor su* of and

2 (See Se/tions 12, and 126 for a re.iewof .e/tors and .e/tor addition2) 4'is *eans t'at

!or
Displa/e*ent

4'e displa/e*ent 'ere is defined as it is in ;'apter $2 Cow!'owe.er!t'e displa/e*ent.e/tor *a(

lie an(w'ere in a plane!rat'er t'an =ust along a straig't line24'e
a.erage .elo/it(
of t'e /ar in 0igure -21 &etween t'e two positions is definedin a *anner si*ilar to t'at in
89uation $2$!as t'e displa/e*ent

di.ided &(t'e elapsed ti*e

t
0
:(-21)Sin/e &ot' sides of 89uation -21 *ust agree in dire/tion!t'e a.erage .elo/it( .e/tor 'ast'e
sa*e dire/tion as t'e displa/e*ent

2 4'e .elo/it( of t'e /ar at an instant of ti*e isits

instantaneous .elo/it(
2 4'e a.erage .elo/it( &e/o*es e9ual to t'e instantaneous.elo/it( in t'e li*it t'at

t
&e/o*es infinitesi*all( s*all (

t
:
0 s):
.
B

li*

t
:
0

r
B

t
.
B
.
B
r
BB
.

r
B

r
B
0
t

t
0

r
B

t
r
B
0
r
B
r
B
.
B
r
B
0
r
B
r
B
r
B
r
B
0
r
B
r
B
r
B
0
r
B
r
B
r
B
0
r
B
r
B
r
B
0
r
B
r
B
0
r
B
-21
0igure -21
4'e displa/e*ent

of t'e /aris a .e/tor t'at points fro* t'e initial positionof t'e /ar at ti*e
t
0
to t'e final position atti*e
t
2 4'e *agnitude of

is t'e s'ortestdistan/e &etween t'e two positions2

r
B
r
B
O(O@
r
0
r
S
r
t
0
t
Activity (150)
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5dd to /olle/tion Re.iew 5dd Cote Li#e
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