Chng 3:

Cng c, bin php ph bin trong

thng mi quc t
(International Trade Policy) (International Trade Policy) (International Trade Policy) (International Trade Policy)
NTVuong 2
Ni dung Ni dung Ni dung Ni dung
3.1 Tng quan v chnh sch thng mi
quc t
3.2 Thu quan xut nhp khu
3.3 Cc bin php phi thu
NTVuong 3
3.1 Tng quan chnh sch TMQT
Khi nim:
Chnh snh TMQT l mt h thng cc nguyn tc, bin php
kinh t, hnh chnh v lut php dng thc hin cc mc
tiu xc nh trong lnh vc ngoi thng ca mt nc trong
mt thi k nht nh.
Phn loi chnh sch TMQT
Theo mc iu tit hot ng ngoi thng ca chnh ph
Theo mc tip cn ca nn kinh t trong nc vi nn kinh
t nc ngoi
NTVuong 4
Chnh sch mu dch t do
Nh nc khng s dng cc cng c iu tit hot ng
XNK
Qui lut cnh tranh iu tit cc hot ng sn xut, ti chnh
v thng mi
Chnh sch bo h mu dch
Nh nc s dng cc bin php thu quan v phi thu quan
iu chnh dng hng ha nhp khu
Nh nc nng cc nh sn xut trong nc h d
dng a sn phm ra nc ngoi
Theo mc iu tit hot ng ngoi thng
NTVuong 5
Chnh sch hng ni
Khng c nhiu quan h vi th trng trong nc
Pht trin cng nghip trong nc thay th nhp khu
Mc can thip ca nh nc cao
Chnh sch hng ngoi
Xut khu l ng lc pht trin
Thc hin chnh sch m ca th trng trong nc
Phn cng lao ng v chuyn mn ha sn xut quc t
Theo mc tip cn vi th trng quc t
NTVuong 6
3.2 Thu quan xut nhp khu
Thu quan xut khu
t c s dng
Thu quan nhp khu
Thu tng i (Ad varolem tax)
Thu c nh (Specific tax)
Thu kt hp (Combined tax)
Thu quan xut khu c tc ng ngc chiu vi thu
quan nhp khu
NTVuong 7
$ 5
D
1000
Q
P
$ 8
S
$ 2.5
3.2 Thu quan XNK
Thng d tiu dng v thng d sn xut
NTVuong 8
Thng Thng Thng Thng d dd d
ng ng ng ngi i i i tiu tiu tiu tiu dng dng dng dng
$ 5
D
1000 Q
P
$ 8
S
$ 2.5
Khi nim
Cch tnh
V d: CS = $1500
NTVuong 9
$ 5
D
1000 Q
P
$ 8
S
$ 2.5
Thng Thng Thng Thng d dd d
nh nh nh nh sn sn sn sn xut xut xut xut
Khi nim
Cch tnh
V d: PS = $1250
NTVuong 10
M hnh:
Nc 2 l nc nh
Nhp khu sn phmX
Bit cu cung sn phmX th trng nc 2
Bit gi X trn th trng th gii Pw = 2
3.2.1 3.2.1 3.2.1 3.2.1 Phn Phn Phn Phn tch tch tch tch tc tc tc tc ng ng ng ng phc phc phc phc li li li li ca ca ca ca thu thu thu thu quan quan quan quan nhp nhp nhp nhp
khu khu khu khu
NTVuong 11
3.2.1 3.2.1 3.2.1 3.2.1 Phn Phn Phn Phn tch tch tch tch tc tc tc tc ng ng ng ng phc phc phc phc li li li li ca ca ca ca thu thu thu thu quan quan quan quan nhp nhp nhp nhp
khu khu khu khu
S SS S
D DD D
E EE E
P PP P
0 00 0
= 4 = 4 = 4 = 4
P PP P
w ww w
= 2 = 2 = 2 = 2
q qq q
1 11 1
q qq q
4 44 4
A AA A B BB B
Nhp khu Nhp khu Nhp khu Nhp khu
Khi Khi Khi Khi th th th thng ng ng ng mi mi mi mi t t t t do: do: do: do:
NTVuong 12
Khi chnh ph nh thu nhp khu X
Thu sut: t = 50%
Gi X trn th trng th gii khng i
Gi X th trng trong nc tng ln Pw
Pw = Pw (1 + t)
3.2.1 3.2.1 3.2.1 3.2.1 Phn Phn Phn Phn tch tch tch tch tc tc tc tc ng ng ng ng phc phc phc phc li li li li ca ca ca ca thu thu thu thu quan quan quan quan nhp nhp nhp nhp
khu khu khu khu
NTVuong 13
Khi c thu Khi c thu Khi c thu Khi c thu
S SS S
D DD D
E EE E
P PP P
0 00 0
= 4 = 4 = 4 = 4
P PP P
w ww w
= 2 = 2 = 2 = 2
q qq q
1 11 1
q qq q
4 44 4
A AA A B BB B
P P P P
w ww w
= 3 = 3 = 3 = 3
Thu Thu Thu Thu
D DD D C CC C
q qq q
2 22 2
q qq q
3 33 3
3 33 3.2.1 .2.1 .2.1 .2.1 Phn Phn Phn Phn tch tch tch tch tc tc tc tc ng ng ng ng phc phc phc phc li li li li ca ca ca ca thu thu thu thu quan quan quan quan nhp nhp nhp nhp
khu khu khu khu
Nhp khu Nhp khu Nhp khu Nhp khu
F FF F
G GG G
NTVuong 14
S SS S
D DD D
E EE E
P PP P
0 00 0
= 4 = 4 = 4 = 4
P PP P
w ww w
= 2 = 2 = 2 = 2
q qq q
1 11 1
q qq q
4 44 4
A AA A B BB B
P P P P
w ww w
= 3 = 3 = 3 = 3
Thu Thu Thu Thu
D DD D C CC C
q qq q
2 22 2
q qq q
3 33 3
F FF F
G GG G
M MM M N NN N
Thng d tiu
dng trc thu
Thng d sn
xut trc thu
NTVuong 15
S SS S
D DD D
E EE E
P PP P
0 00 0
= 4 = 4 = 4 = 4
P PP P
w ww w
= 2 = 2 = 2 = 2
q qq q
1 11 1
q qq q
4 44 4
A AA A B BB B
P P P P
w ww w
= 3 = 3 = 3 = 3
Thu Thu Thu Thu
D DD D C CC C
q qq q
2 22 2
q qq q
3 33 3
F FF F
G GG G
M MM M N NN N
Thng d tiu
dng sau thu
Thng d sn
xut sau thu
NTVuong 16
S SS S
D DD D
E EE E
P PP P
0 00 0
= 4 = 4 = 4 = 4
P PP P
w ww w
= 2 = 2 = 2 = 2
q qq q
1 11 1
q qq q
4 44 4
A AA A B BB B
P P P P
w ww w
= 3 = 3 = 3 = 3
Thu Thu Thu Thu
D DD D
C CC C
q qq q
2 22 2
q qq q
3 33 3
M MM M N NN N
Thu chnh ph
thu c
Chi ph x hi
NTVuong 17
Tc ng ca vic nh thu? Tc ng ca vic nh thu? Tc ng ca vic nh thu? Tc ng ca vic nh thu?
Cc nh sn xut trong nc bn c gi cao hn (+)
Chnh ph thu c thu nhp khu (+)
Ngi tiu dng phi tr gi cao hn (-)
Ngi tiu dng ngy cng c t s la chn hn (-)
NTVuong 18
Bo v cc nh sn xut trong nc
Vic lm
Thng hiu, hnh nh
Tr gi trong nc
Tr a thng mi
Ti sao li nh thu? Ti sao li nh thu? Ti sao li nh thu? Ti sao li nh thu?
NTVuong 19
Liu Liu Liu Liu thu thu thu thu quan quan quan quan c c c c tc tc tc tc ng ng ng ng nh nh nh nh mong mong mong mong mun mun mun mun? ? ? ?
i vi mt s nhmquyn li th C, i vi ngi
tiu dng th Khng;
Bc Carolina cu sng mt vi nh sn xut bng
nhng lmtr hon to ra vic lmmi thay th. Tuy
nhin, khng smth mun tt c cc x nghip vn s
phi ng ca sn xut.
NTVuong 20
Mc gi xe my tng ln 10% M v Harley Davidson bt
u thu li nhun. Theo DN hin i ho sn xut v
tng nng sut.
Cc DN xe my Nht cng thu c li nhun v h khng mt
th phn v bn c SP vi gi cao hn. Xe Harley c th t
gi ln ti 12.000 -15.000 USD v khch hng phi xp hng
t 3 -4 thng mua xe.
Cc khch hng l ngi chu thit thi...
Liu Liu Liu Liu thu thu thu thu quan quan quan quan c c c c tc tc tc tc ng ng ng ng nh nh nh nh mong mong mong mong mun mun mun mun? ? ? ?
NTVuong 21
Khi Ty Ban Nha nh nh thu nhp khu vo hng ho ca
M, chnh ph M e do tr a bng cch nh thu vo
ru vang v giy dp nhp khu t Ty ban nha. Cui cng,
TBN rt d nh ca mnh.
Sau khi M nh thu vo m ng nhp khu t Italia, EU
quyt nh tr a tng thu NK nh vo du thc vt ca
M.
Liu thu quan c tc ng nh mong mun?
NTVuong 22
Thu quan ging nh mt loi a t m cc nh sn xut,
cc hng, nh phn phi v c nhn gnh chu. N khng
lm tng thm phc li ca cc quc gia.
Lm tng gi i vi ngi tiu dng
Lm gim lng tiu dng
Lm gim n lc hin i ho sn xut v tng nng sut
Lm gim s cnh tranh v to ra hin tng bn c quyn
C th dn n nhng thua thit trong nhng ngnh cng
nghip khc
nhng nc ln, thu quan c th khng lm tng gi
trong nc v c th to nn p lc lm gim gi bn ca
ngi cung cp nc ngoi (gi xut khu)
Kt lun
NTVuong 23
3 33 3.2.1 .2.1 .2.1 .2.1 T T T T l l l l bo bo bo bo h h h h danh danh danh danh ngha ngha ngha ngha v v v v h hh h u uu u hiu hiu hiu hiu
Ng Ng Ng Ngi tiu dng i tiu dng i tiu dng i tiu dng
Nh sn xut Nh sn xut Nh sn xut Nh sn xut
Thu nhp khu danh ngha Thu nhp khu danh ngha Thu nhp khu danh ngha Thu nhp khu danh ngha
Mc bo h ca thu NK danh ngha Mc bo h ca thu NK danh ngha Mc bo h ca thu NK danh ngha Mc bo h ca thu NK danh ngha
i vi c hi sn xut hng ho i vi c hi sn xut hng ho i vi c hi sn xut hng ho i vi c hi sn xut hng ho
cnh tranh vi hng nhp khu cnh tranh vi hng nhp khu cnh tranh vi hng nhp khu cnh tranh vi hng nhp khu
NTVuong 24
T l bo h danh ngha c xc nh bng tng
mc thu nhp khu phi np (nh theo t l % ln
gi hng ho).
3.2.1 3.2.1 3.2.1 3.2.1 T T T T l l l l bo bo bo bo h h h h danh danh danh danh ngha ngha ngha ngha v v v v h hh h u uu u hiu hiu hiu hiu
NTVuong 25
T l bo h hu hiu (ERP) c xc nh bng t l
thay i (tnh bng %) trong gi tr trong nc gia
tng sau khi nh thu nhp khu vo hng ho trung
gian v hng ho cui cng nhp khu.
Gi tr gia tng c xc nh bng gi tr hng ho
cui cng tr i gi tr u vo trung gian.
4.2.1 T l bo h danh ngha v h 4.2.1 T l bo h danh ngha v h 4.2.1 T l bo h danh ngha v h 4.2.1 T l bo h danh ngha v h u hiu u hiu u hiu u hiu
NTVuong 26
V d: t lp rp ti Vit Nam V d: t lp rp ti Vit Nam V d: t lp rp ti Vit Nam V d: t lp rp ti Vit Nam
Ph tng NK = $6,000, gi bn t Pw = $8,000,
Thu nh vo t NK nguyn chic l 25%
T l bo h danh ngha bng bao nhiu?
T l bo h hu hiu bng bao nhiu?
NTVuong 27
Gi tr gia tng = $2000
Chi ph = $6000
Trc thu:
Gi bn
$8000
$8,000 + (25% x 8,000) = $10,000 ( Gi bn mi)
Sau thu:
T l bo h danh ngha bng 25% T l bo h danh ngha bng 25% T l bo h danh ngha bng 25% T l bo h danh ngha bng 25%
NTVuong 28
Gi bn
$10,000
GTGT = $4,000
ERP = GTGT (mi) - GTGT (c)
GTGT (c)
Gi tr gia tng = GTGT
Sau thu:
X 100 =
Chi ph = $6000
4000 - 2000
2000
X 100% = 100%
T l bo h h T l bo h h T l bo h h T l bo h h u hiu bng 100% u hiu bng 100% u hiu bng 100% u hiu bng 100%
NTVuong 29
Cng Cng Cng Cng thc thc thc thc xc xc xc xc nh nh nh nh t t t t l l l l bo bo bo bo h h h h h hh h u uu u hiu hiu hiu hiu
t: thu quan danh ngha nh vo hng ho NK cui cng
t
i
: thu quan danh ngha nh vo u vo NK
a
i
: t l gia gi tr u vo NK so vi gi tr hng ho cui
cng
4.2.1 T l bo h danh ngha v h 4.2.1 T l bo h danh ngha v h 4.2.1 T l bo h danh ngha v h 4.2.1 T l bo h danh ngha v h u hiu u hiu u hiu u hiu
ERP =

100%
NTVuong 30
Trong cc ngnh cng nghip sn xut hng thay th
nhp khu, t l bo h hu hiu thng ln hn t l
bo h danh ngha.
iu ny thng khng khuyn khch cc doanh
nghip trong ngnh phn u gimchi ph.
3 33 3.2.1 .2.1 .2.1 .2.1 T T T T l l l l bo bo bo bo h h h h danh danh danh danh ngha ngha ngha ngha v v v v h hh h u uu u hiu hiu hiu hiu
NTVuong 31
BIU THU NHP KHU linh kin XE MY BIU THU NHP KHU linh kin XE MY BIU THU NHP KHU linh kin XE MY BIU THU NHP KHU linh kin XE MY
Theo tiu chun linh kin dng ri Theo t l ni a ho - NH
Loi h Loi h Loi h Loi h nh lp rp nh lp rp nh lp rp nh lp rp T l N T l N T l N T l N H (%) H (%) H (%) H (%) Mc thu sut so vi xe Mc thu sut so vi xe Mc thu sut so vi xe Mc thu sut so vi xe
nguyn chic (%) nguyn chic (%) nguyn chic (%) nguyn chic (%)
T l N T l N T l N T l N H (%) H (%) H (%) H (%) Mc thu sut (%) Mc thu sut (%) Mc thu sut (%) Mc thu sut (%)
CKD 1 - 60 Trn 0 n 20 60
CKD 2 - 55 Trn 20 n 30 50
IKD 1 Trn 15 n 30 30 Trn 30 n 40 30
IKD 2 Trn 30 n 60 15 Trn 40 n 50 15
IKD 3 Trn 60 10 Trn 50 n 60 10
- Trn 60 5
NTVuong 32
3.3 Cc bin php phi thu
3.3.1 Hn ngch XNK (Quota)
3.3.2 Hn ch xut khu t nguyn (VER)
3.3.3 Cc hng ro v tiu chun k thut, tiu chun
cht lng, th tc hnh chnh
3.3.4 Bn ph gi (Dumping)
NTVuong 33
3.3.1 Hn ngch 3.3.1 Hn ngch 3.3.1 Hn ngch 3.3.1 Hn ngch xut xut xut xut nhp nhp nhp nhp khu khu khu khu
l cng c hn ch thng mi phi thu
quan trng nht
l cng c hn ch nh lng
qui nh lng hng ho ln nht c nhp
khu hoc xut khu ra khi mt nc trong
thi k nht nh
VD: hn ngch nhp khu hng may mc
ca M vi VN
NTVuong 34
Phn tch tc ng ca hn ngch NK Phn tch tc ng ca hn ngch NK Phn tch tc ng ca hn ngch NK Phn tch tc ng ca hn ngch NK
3 33 3.3.1 .3.1 .3.1 .3.1 Hn ngch Hn ngch Hn ngch Hn ngch xut xut xut xut nhp nhp nhp nhp khu khu khu khu
S SS S
D DD D
E EE E
P PP P
0 00 0
= 4 = 4 = 4 = 4
P PP P
w ww w
= 2 = 2 = 2 = 2
q qq q
1 11 1
q qq q
4 44 4
A AA A B BB B
D DD D C CC C
q qq q
2 22 2
q qq q
3 33 3
D DD D C CC C
Hn ngch
P P P P
w ww w
M MM M N NN N
NTVuong 35
Phn tch tc ng ca hn ngch NK Phn tch tc ng ca hn ngch NK Phn tch tc ng ca hn ngch NK Phn tch tc ng ca hn ngch NK
S SS S
D
E EE E
P PP P
0 00 0
= 4 = 4 = 4 = 4
P
w
= 2
q
1
q
4
A B
D DD D C CC C
q
2
q
3
D DD D C CC C
Hn ngch
P
w
E E E E
q
2 q
3
NTVuong 36
So snh thu quan v hn ngch So snh thu quan v hn ngch So snh thu quan v hn ngch So snh thu quan v hn ngch
Thu Thu Thu Thu NK NK NK NK
Chnh ph thu thu
Khi nhu cu trong nc thay
i:
Mc sn xut trong nc khng
i
Mc nhp khu tng
Kh nng iu tit nhp khu
cn tu thuc vo quan h Cu-
Cung
Hn ngch NK Hn ngch NK Hn ngch NK Hn ngch NK
CP khng thu c thu
Thng dn n hin tng tiu
cc
Khi nhu cu trong nc thay
i:
Mc SX trong nc tng
Mc nhp khu khng i
Hn ch c chnh xc s l-
ng nhp khu
NTVuong 37
3.3.2 Hn 3.3.2 Hn 3.3.2 Hn 3.3.2 Hn ch ch ch ch xut xut xut xut khu khu khu khu t t t t nguyn nguyn nguyn nguyn (VER) (VER) (VER) (VER)
Mt nc ku gi mt nc khc t nguyn hn
ch xut khu hng ho sang nc mnh trnh
nhng tranh chp TM c th xy ra.
Thng c thc hin bi cc nc ln
Tc ng: khng khc g hn ngch
c s dng ph bin v khng vi phm nguyn
tc WTO
NTVuong 38
M yu cu Nht hn ch xut khu xe t sang M(1981
- 1.68 triu chic, 1985 -1.85 tr. chic)
i ph, cc nh SX Nht nng cp cc dng sn
phm: Lexus, Accura, Infiniti bn c vi gi cao hn.
Gi t Nht tng ng k th trng M (+ $1200/c).
Gi t ca nh SX M tng (+$600/c)
Ngi tiu dng M thit hi $ 3.2 t nm 1985.
M duy tr c 55,000 vic lm trong ngnh t vi chi
ph l $105,000/vic lm.
Case: Hn ch XK t nguyn t ca Nht sang M Case: Hn ch XK t nguyn t ca Nht sang M Case: Hn ch XK t nguyn t ca Nht sang M Case: Hn ch XK t nguyn t ca Nht sang M
NTVuong 39
3.3.3 3.3.3 3.3.3 3.3.3 Hng Hng Hng Hng ro ro ro ro k k k k thut thut thut thut trong trong trong trong TMQT (TBT) TMQT (TBT) TMQT (TBT) TMQT (TBT)
c coi l cc hnh thc bo h mu dch mi.
Ngy cng c s dng do cc qui nh t do ho
TM ca WTO lin quan n thu quan v hn
ngch.
Mi nc qui nh h tiu chun ring
gy kh khn cho cho hng ho ca cc nc km pht
trin
Tiu chun thng nht ho l iu cn thit
3.3.3 3.3.3 3.3.3 3.3.3 Hng Hng Hng Hng ro ro ro ro k k k k thut thut thut thut trong trong trong trong TMQT (TBT) TMQT (TBT) TMQT (TBT) TMQT (TBT)
Cc qui nh v th tc xut nhp khu
Cc qui nh v ghi nhn mc hng ha
H thng tiu chun k thut
H thng tiu chun cht lng
H thng tiu chun v mi trng, o c
x hi
NTVuong 40
NTVuong 41
V V V V d d d d t t t t Nht Nht Nht Nht: :: :
- Cm nhp khu khn tm t M v cho rng SP qu dy so vi tai
ca ngi Nht nn c kh nng gy hi cho tai.
- Cm nhp khu tht b M v n gy kh khn cho tiu ho.
- Cm nhp khu trt tuyt t EU v tuyt Nht khc vi EU
nn c th khng an ton cho ngi trt tuyt Nht.
3.3.3 3.3.3 3.3.3 3.3.3 Hng Hng Hng Hng ro ro ro ro k k k k thut thut thut thut trong trong trong trong TMQT (TBT) TMQT (TBT) TMQT (TBT) TMQT (TBT)
NTVuong 42
V V V V d d d d t t t t Chu Chu Chu Chu u: u: u: u:
- Cm nhp khu tht b t M c x l hc mn. iu
ny gn nh loi b c tht b ca M trn th
trng EU.
NTVuong 43
V d t M: V d t M: V d t M: V d t M:
- Cm nhp khu c ng t Mexico v n gy hi cho c
heo.
NTVuong 44
B qui tc ng x (Code of Conduct) B qui tc ng x (Code of Conduct) B qui tc ng x (Code of Conduct) B qui tc ng x (Code of Conduct)
Th Th Th Th tr tr tr trng ng ng ng
hng hng hng hng ho ho ho ho
Cc Cc Cc Cc
cng cng cng cng ty ty ty ty MNC MNC MNC MNC
v TNC v TNC v TNC v TNC
Cc Cc Cc Cc
doanh doanh doanh doanh nghip nghip nghip nghip
cung cung cung cung cp cp cp cp
t t t t cc cc cc cc n nn nc c c c
Ng Ng Ng Ngi i i i
tiu tiu tiu tiu dng dng dng dng
Th Th Th Th tr tr tr trng ng ng ng
ph ph ph ph tr tr tr tr
B B B B qui tc qui tc qui tc qui tc ng ng ng ng x x x x ( (( (CoC CoC CoC CoC) )) )
-ng x vi khch hng
-ng x vi ngi lao ng
-ng x vi gia nh ngi lao ng
-ng x vi khch hng
-ng x vi a phng
-ng x vi cc c quan nh nc
-
NTVuong 45
Khi Khi Khi Khi nim nim nim nim: :: :
Bn ph gi c hiu l bn hng ra nc ngoi vi
gi thp hn gi bn ti th trng ni a
Bn ph gi l bn hng ra nc ngoi vi gi thp hn
chi ph sn xut
3.3.4 3.3.4 3.3.4 3.3.4 Bn Bn Bn Bn ph ph ph ph gi gi gi gi (Dumping) (Dumping) (Dumping) (Dumping)
NTVuong 46
Cc hnh thc bn ph gi
Bn ph gi n nh
chnh sch gi phn bit
Bn ph gi chp nhong
loi i th cnh tranh ra khi th trng nc ngoi
ginh th c quyn
Bn ph gi khng thng xuyn
gii quyt nhng kh khn trc mt ca DN
4.3.4 Bn ph gi (Dumping) 4.3.4 Bn ph gi (Dumping) 4.3.4 Bn ph gi (Dumping) 4.3.4 Bn ph gi (Dumping)
NTVuong 47
Thng Thng Thng Thng k k k k v v v v iu iu iu iu tra tra tra tra chng chng chng chng bn bn bn bn ph ph ph ph gi gi gi gi
ca ca ca ca cc cc cc cc n nn nc c c c vi vi vi vi Vit Vit Vit Vit Nam Nam Nam Nam
N NN N m mm m N NN Nc c c c Mt hng Mt hng Mt hng Mt hng Kt qu Kt qu Kt qu Kt qu
1 1994 Colombia Go Khng nh thu v mc d c bn ph gi mc 9.07% nhng
khng gy tn hi cho ngnh trng la ca Colombia
2 1998 EU Bt ngt nh thu chng bn ph gi, mc 16.8%
3 1998 EU Giy dp Khng nh thu v th phn gia tng nh so vi Trung quc,
Indonesia v Thi lan.
4 2000 Ba lan Bt la nh thu chng bn ph gi mc 0.09 EUR/chic
5 2001 Canada Ti nh thu chng bn ph gi, mc 1.48 CAD/kg
6 2002 Canada Giy khng thm nc Khng nh thu
7 2002 EU Bt la Khng nh thu
8 2002 M C da trn nh thu chng bn ph gi, mc 36,84% -63,88%
9 2003 M Tm nh thu chng bn ph gi, mc 4,13% -25,76%
10 2004 EU Xe p, n compack
11 2005 EU Giy, dp .........
NTVuong 48
Hip Hip Hip Hip nh nh nh nh chng chng chng chng bn bn bn bn ph ph ph ph gi gi gi gi ca ca ca ca WTO WTO WTO WTO
Nc nhp khu c p dng cc bin php
chng bn ph gi khi:
Hng nhp khu b bn ph gi;
Gy thit hi v vt cht cho ngnh sn xut trong
nc; v
cuc iu tra ph gi c tin hnh theo ng th
tc
3 33 3.3.4 .3.4 .3.4 .3.4 Bn Bn Bn Bn ph ph ph ph gi gi gi gi (Dumping) (Dumping) (Dumping) (Dumping)
NTVuong 49
Xc nh vic bn ph gi
Mt sn phm c coi l b bn ph gi khi gi xut
khu sn phm thp hn:
gi c th so snh c trong iu kin TM thng thng
(GTTT)
gi ca sn phm tng t khi tiu th th trng nc xut
khu
Nguyn tc xc nh bin ph gi (BPG)
tuyt i: BPG = GTTT GXK
tng i: BPG = (GTTT GXK)/GXK
GTTT v GXK c so snh trong cng iu kin thng mi,
v ti cng mt thi im
3.3.4 Bn ph gi (Dumping)
NTVuong 50
Xc nh thit hi
Khi lng hng nhp khu b bn ph gi
c tng mt cch ng k khng?
Tc ng ca hng nhp khu ln gi SPTT:
c r hn gi SPTT nc nhp khu nhiu khng
c lm st gi hoc km gi SPTT th trng nc nhp khu
khng?
Cuc iu tra s c thc hin khi:
BPG >= 2% GXK; hoc
Khi lng nhp khu b nghi ng bn ph gi t mt nc >=
3% tng nhp khu SPTT nc nhp khu
NTVuong 51
Chng Chng Chng Chng bn bn bn bn ph ph ph ph gi gi gi gi ca ca ca ca M M M M
Vn bn php qui
tun th hip nh v chng bn ph gi ca WTO
Qui nh v chng bn ph gi v chng tr cp
1997
C quan c thmquyn iu tra bn ph gi:
B thng mi (DOC)
Hi ng TMQT (ITC)
NTVuong 52
Tin trnh iu tra
1. T chc hoc c nhn i din cho ngnh SX trong n-
c np n ln DOC v ITC ngh iu tra ph gi.
n hp l khi sn lng ca nh SX ng h n
chim t nht 25% v ln hn sn lng ca cc nh
SX phn i n.
2. Sau 20 ngy, DOC ra quyt nh nu r c tin hnh
iu tra hay khng v l do. (TH c bit c th l 40
ngy)
3. Sau 45 ngy, ITC s a ra nh gi s b v c hnh
vi bn ph gi hay khng.
Chng bn ph gi ca M
NTVuong 53
Tin trnh iu tra
3. Sau 115 ngy, DOC cng s c nh gi s b.
p dng bin php tm thi
chm dt iu tra
5. Tham vn gia cc bn lin quan
nh XK, nh SX trong nc bo v kin ca mnh
6. Sau 235 ngy, DOC s c nh gi cui cng
khng nh vic bn ph gi
Ch r bin ph gi, GTTT v GXK
7. Sau 280 ngy, ITC c nh gi cui cng
Chng bn ph gi ca M
NTVuong 54
3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 Tr Tr Tr Tr cp cp cp cp xut xut xut xut khu khu khu khu
Khi nim:
Chnh ph thc hin cc bin php h tr cho
cc doanh nghip trong nc, gip h y mnh
xut khu SP ra nc ngoi
Cc hnh thc tr cp:
Tr cp trc tip
Tr cp gin tip
NTVuong 55
Tr cp trc tip Tr cp trc tip Tr cp trc tip Tr cp trc tip
3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 Tr Tr Tr Tr cp cp cp cp xut xut xut xut khu khu khu khu
Chnh ph Chnh ph Chnh ph Chnh ph
DN DN DN DN trong trong trong trong n nn nc c c c
-Bng tin
-u i thu
-u i tn dng
-Tin thu t
-Th tc ph duyt d n
-...
NTVuong 56
Cp tn dng Cp tn dng Cp tn dng Cp tn dng
3 33 3.4 .4 .4 .4 Tr Tr Tr Tr cp cp cp cp xut xut xut xut khu khu khu khu
Chnh ph Chnh ph Chnh ph Chnh ph
DN DN DN DN trong trong trong trong n nn nc c c c
Tr cp gin tip Tr cp gin tip Tr cp gin tip Tr cp gin tip
N NN Nc c c c ngoi ngoi ngoi ngoi
Xut khu Xut khu Xut khu Xut khu
Vn ODA Vn ODA Vn ODA Vn ODA
NTVuong 57
Phn tch tc ng ca tr cp XK Phn tch tc ng ca tr cp XK Phn tch tc ng ca tr cp XK Phn tch tc ng ca tr cp XK
3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 Tr Tr Tr Tr cp cp cp cp xut xut xut xut khu khu khu khu
D DD D
S SS S
P PP P
0 00 0
P PP P
W WW W
P P P P
W WW W
Tr Tr Tr Tr
A AA A B BB B
C CC C D DD D
q qq q
1 11 1
q qq q
2 22 2
q qq q
3 33 3
q qq q
4 44 4
NTVuong 58
Trc tr cp:
th trng trong nc cn bng ti P
o
gi trn th trng TG l P
W
mc xut khu l AB
Khi CP tr cp trc tip:
gi trong nc tng ln: P
W
= P
w
+ Tr
mc xut khu t c l CD
3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 Tr Tr Tr Tr cp cp cp cp xut xut xut xut khu khu khu khu
NTVuong 59
3 33 3.4 .4 .4 .4 Tr Tr Tr Tr cp cp cp cp xut xut xut xut khu khu khu khu
Phn tch tc ng li ch Phn tch tc ng li ch Phn tch tc ng li ch Phn tch tc ng li ch
D DD D
S SS S
P PP P
0 00 0
P PP P
W WW W
P P P P
W WW W
Tr Tr Tr Tr
A AA A B BB B
C CC C D DD D
q qq q
1 11 1
q qq q
2 22 2
q qq q
3 33 3
q qq q
4 44 4
M MM M N NN N
NTVuong 60
Th trng trong nc
Thng d tiu dng gim (dt P
W
CAP
W
)
Thng d nh SX tng (dt P
W
DBP
W
)
Chi tr cp ca CP (dt CDNM)
Phn mt ca XH - Chi ph XH (dtCMA + dtDBN)
Th trng nc ngoi
NTD nc ngoi tng mc phc li
gi khng i
lng hng ho c tiu dng nhiu hn
3.4 Tr cp xut khu
(Dn tr) - T ngy 29/4 ti, xe t ch ngi qua s dng, loi di 9 ch, c dung tch xi-lanh nh
(t di 1.0L n di 1.5L) nhp vo Vit Nam s b p mc thu tuyt i cao hn hin ti t 700-
1.600 USD/chic.
Theo Thng t s 28/2013/TT-BTC do Th trng B Ti chnh Hong Anh Tun k ban hnh ngy 15/3 va
qua v c hiu lc t ngy 29/4 ti, thu sut tuyt i thu nhp khu xe t ch ngi t 9 ch ngi tr xung
(k c li xe) qua s dng c dung tch xi-lanh di 1.000cc (1.0L) tng 700 USD, t mc 3.500 USD/chic hin
ti ln 4.200 USD/chic (tng ng mc tng 20%).
Xe c dung tch xi-lanh t 1.000cc n di 1.500cc (1.0 - 1.5L) s b p mc thu sut nhp khu tuyt i mi
tng 1.600 USD, t 8.000 USD/chic theo quy nh hin hnh ln mc 9.600 USD/chic (tng ng mc tng
20%).
Cc dng xe c dung tch xi-lanh di 1.5L vn ch b p thu sut nhp khu tuyt i, ch khng phi chu thm
thu sut tng ng vi thu xe mi nhp nguyn chic cng loi (hin mc ti a l 82%) nh xe c dung tch xi-
lanh t 1.5L tr ln.
Nh vy, vic iu chnh tng mc thu sut nhp khu ln ny s nh hng n cc mu xe t c nhp khu c
dung tch xi-lanh nh, nh Hyundai i10, Hyundai i20, Kia Morning (Picanto)...
Cc mc thu nhp khu khng iu chnh ti Thng t ny vn thc hin theo Quyt nh s 36/2011/Q-
TTg ngy 29/6/2011 ca Th tng Chnh ph.
Theo , cc dng xe c di 9 ch ngi c dung tch t 1.5 - 2.5L s chu thu sut tng ng vi thu xe mi
nhp nguyn chic cng loi (mc 82%), cng thm 5.000 USD/chic thu tuyt i.
Vi cc dng dung tch trn 2.5L, ngoi mc thu tuyt i 15.000 USD/xe, cng chu thu tng ng mc thu xe
mi nhp nguyn chic cng loi (72-77%).
Cc dng xe t 10 - 15 ch vn gi cch tnh thu tuyt i nh hin nay, vi cc mc ln lt l 9.500 USD,
13.000 USD v 17.000 USD/chic vi cc dng xe c dung tch xi-lanh di 2.0L, t 2.0 - 3.0L v trn 3.0L.
Nht Minh
NTVuong 61