1 (Element )

3
3.1

3.1 .2/1
3.1 .2/2

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

...

(pure substance) :

(atom) :
3
(element) :

(molecule) :

(metal) :

(non-metal) :
(metalloid) :


(radioactive element) :

(radioactivity) :
( ) ( )
(alpha ray [ - ray]) :
2
2
(beta ray [-ray]) :


(gamma ray [-ray]) :



....

...

1.
2.

1.
1
http://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/
2.
3.

1


( )

1
(pure substance)


.. 2204 (Robert Boyle) (element)

(element)
119
92

2
( : http://www.toptenthailand.com/2013/img/img_topten/
img_icon/1344969420.png)
(O) (Si) (Al)
(Fe)

1%
1%

3%

5%

3% 2%

1%

8%
50%

26%

(Atom and Molecule)

(atom)
3 (proton) (neutron) (electron)
1 (proton) (neutron)
(electron)

()

(p)

+1

1.6725 x 10-24

(n)

1.6748 x 10-24

(e)

-1

9.11 x 10-28

(molecule)
2
1) 2
(N2) (O2) (Cl2)
2) 2
(H2O) (CO2) (CH4)

4
( : https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?)

(John Dalton)

(atom)



(John Dalton, .. 2309 -2381)

5
( : http://siweb.dss.go.th/Scientist/images/John%20Dalton/dalton2.jpg)
1.

2.

3.


(Sir Joseph John Thomson, .. 2399-2483)

6
( : https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?)


(Lord Ernest Rutherford,.. 2414-2480)
7
( : https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?)


(Niels Bohr ,.. 2428 2505)

8 ( : http://www.atom.rmutphysics.com/charud/PDFlearning/6/picscientist/4/Neils-bohr.jpg)

10

(Symbol of Element)


(John Dalton)
9

9 (

http://www.bloggang.com

(Jons Jacob Berzelius)


2


http://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/

11

1.

Hydrogen

2.

Carbon

3.

Sodium

Natrium

Na

Iron

Ferrum

Fe

5.

Oxygen

6.

Calcium

Ca

7.

Nitrogen

8.

Chlorine

Cl

9.

Sulfur

10.

Fluorine

11.

Potassium

Kalium

12.

Manganese

Mn

13.

Magnesium

Mg

14.

Iodine

15.

Helium

He

16.

Antimony

Stibium

Sb

17.

Copper

Cuprum

Cu

18.

Gold

Aurum

Au

19.

Silver

Argentum

Ag

Mercury

Hydragyrum

Hg

4.

20.

12

(Nuclear symbol)

A

A
Z
X

X
Z

16
8

( + )
()

O 8 8
16 16- 8 = 8

16
8

(Isobars)

14
6

(p) = 8
(e) = 8
(n) = 8
(Isotopes)

14

12

13
6

14
6

13

(energy level)

2 2 3 4 8, 18 32

2
8
8
2
(20 )
Ca 2 4

...???

14

(periodic table)
(Dmitri Mendeleev)

() (periodic table)

10
( : http://www.atom.rmutphysics.com/charud/oldnews/0/286/16/2/compound/Content_04.gif)
18
2 A B
A 8 IA VIIIA
IIA Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba Ra
B IIA IIIA 8 IB VIIIB
B (transition element)
7

1 2 H He,
2 8 Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F Ne

11
:

1.

2.

12
:

15

16

1.

()........................................... ()........................................... ()...........................................

................................................ ................................................ ................................................

()........................................... ()........................................... ()...........................................

................................................ ................................................ ................................................
2. 1
........................................................................................................................................................

3.

..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................

17

4.
10

0.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
5.

35
17

Cl

23
11

Na

40
20

Ca

(p) = .................... (p) = .................... (p) = ....................

(n) = ..................... (n) = ..................... (n) = .....................
(e) = ..................... (e) = ..................... (e) = .....................

...
?

1. 5-7

2.

1.
3.
5.
7.

2.
4.
6.
8.

()

18

13
:

19

20

1. ()

2. ()

3. A

()

1
2
3

14
:

21

.............

1...........................................................................................................................
2...........................................................................................................................
3...........................................................................................................................
4...........................................................................................................................
5...........................................................................................................................
6...........................................................................................................................
7...........................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................

22

/
(/ )

1.
2.
3.
4. ()
5.

..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................

23

1.
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
2.
........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
3.
........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
4.
........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
5. 2
()
........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................

???

24

1.
2.
3.

1.
2
http://www.chemsoc.org/viselements/
2.
3.

25

2





-

3
1) (metal)
(Hg) (Fe)
(Mg) (Cu) (Zn)
2) (non-metal)
3 (S) (P) (C)
(Br) (H2) (N2)
(Cl2)
3) (metalloid)
(Si) (B) (Ge) (As) (Sb)
(Te) (Po) (At)
...
3

26

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

4.5 g/cm3

4.5 g/cm3


D =

D =

M
V

M =
V =

27

(oC)

(oC)

1.

3,730

4,830

2.

2,030

3,900

3.

1,410

2,680

4.

98

892

44

280

6.

113

445

7.

-38.9

356.6

8.

-219

-183

9.

-7.2

58.8

-259

-253

11.

-101

-35

12.

-220

-188

13.

838

1,490

14.

1,535

2,750

650

1,090

113.5

184.5

5.

10.

15.
16.

Au

28

Al

Zn

Fe

Ag

Cu

Au

1%

29

5 ( )

Ge

Tungsten carbide

Si

Hg

30

5 ( )

Cl

...

...

...!

31

1) 15 x 20

2)

1.

2. ( 10 )

1.

2.




3. 20

32

1. 5

2.
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
3.
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................

33

4. 10

5.
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................

(radioactivity element)
?

1.
3
http://www.ipst.ac.th/chemistry/webchem.html
2.

34

35

3 (Radioactive Element)
.. 2439 (Antonine Henri Becquerel)




(Pierre Curie and Marie Curie)


(Po), (Ra), (Th)


(radioactive element)
-60 (Co 60) -131 (I 131)
-235 (U -235) -226 (Ra - 226)
-24 (Na-24)
(radioactivity)
3 6

+2

-1

1.
2.
3.
4.

1.4-2.4 x109 m/s

()

1.
2.
1
3.
4.
()
1.
2.
3.
4.

(3 x 108 m/s)

15 () () ()

36

37

-24 (Na-24)

-14 (C-14)

-131 (I-131)

-60 (Co-60)

-235 (U-235)

-239 (Pu-239)
-32 (P-32)

-99 (Tc-99)

7

16
( : http://kanchanapisek.or.th/kp6/New/pictures27/l27-236.jpg)

17
( : http://onemillionactsofgreen.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/
nuclear-power-plant.jpg)

38

1.
2.
3.

?
....

39

1.
2.
3.

18

( : http://www.foodnetworksolution.com/uploaded/RADURA.gif)

19
( : http://webdb.dmsc.moph.go.th/radiation/images/0_1/radiation_clr.jpg)

40

1.
.........................................................................................................................................................
2.
........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................

3.

.........................................................................................................................................................

4.

.........................................................................................................................................................

5.
........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................

41

(Element)

1. D E F D
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................

2.

1.

11.

2.

12.

3.

13.

4.

14.

5.

15.

6.

16.

7.

17.

8.

18.

9.

19.

10.

20.

42

3.

..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................

4. (O2) (O3) (H2)

..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
5.
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................

6.
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................

43

7.

(oC)

(oC)

1.

3,730

4,830

2.

2,030

3,900

3.

1,410

2,680

4.

98

892

44

280

6.

113

445

7.

-38.9

356.6

8.

-219

-183

9.

-7.2

58.8

-259

-253

5.

10.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
.........1)

.........2)

.........3)

.........4) .
.........5)

.........6)

........7) I 131

........8)

........9) Hg

........10)

44


10.

-60

45

My Knowledge

...
(element)
...

(Mind map)
A4

...

46

2
1 (Element)
1. X
2. 15 10

1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
2. Hg

1.
2.
3.
4.

p=
p=
p=
p=

80 , e = 80
80 , e = 121
80 , e = 80
201 , e = 201

,
,
,
,

n
n
n
n

= 121
= 121
= 80
= 80

3. Y

1.
2.
3.
4.

47


4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
A B 5-6
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:

5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
6.
1. Au Cu Al
2. Ag Co Al
3. Ag Cu Al
4. Au Ca Al

48

7.

1.
2.
3.
4.

A B
A C
B C
C D

A B C D 8

8.
1. A B
2. C D
3. A B
4. B D

49


9
.
.
.
.
.
9.

1. - -
2. - -
3. - -
4. - -
10

10.

1.
2.
3.
4.

50

51

1.
2. 4 ( )
3.

1.
2 1
2.

3.
4. 2
8 4 2

52

2 (Compound)

(Element)

10

1
-

15

2
-
-

15
15

3
-

15

4
-

15

(Element)

30

1 (Element)

10