Func iile trigonometrice inverse

Funciile sin :
1
]
1

2
,
2
[ ] 1 , 1 ; cos : [ ] , 0 [ ] 1 , 1 ;
tg:
,
_

2
,
2
R ; ctg : ( ) , 0 R sunt bijective i deci
inversabile. Inversele acestor funcii sunt resectiv
arcsin : [ ] 1 , 1
1
]
1

2
,
2
; arccos : [ ] 1 , 1 [ ] , 0 ;
arctg : R
,
_

2
,
2
; arctg : R ( ) , 0 .
!abel cu rincialele valori ale funciilor trigonometrice inverse
t -1
3
2

2
2

1
2
0
1
2
2
2
3
2
1
arcsin t
2

"

0
$

"

arccos t %
$
&
#
"
"
2
2

"

0
t 3 1
3
3
0
3
3
1 3
arctg t
"

0
$

"

arcctg t
$
&
#
"
"
2
2

"

Formule
1' sin (arcsin x) = x , x
[ ] 1 , 1
arcsin ( sin x) = x , x
1
]
1

,
2

cos ( arccos x ) = x , x
[ ] 1 , 1
arccos ( cos x ) = x , x
[ ] 0,
tg ( arctg x ) = x , x R arctg ( tg x ) = x , x

,
_

,
2

ctg ( arcctg x ) = x , x R arcctg ( ctg x ) = x , x

( ) 0,
2' arcsin ( x ) = arcsin x , x
[ ] 1 , 1
arctg ( x ) = arctg x , x R
arccos ( x ) = arccos x , x
[ ] 1 , 1
arcctg ( x ) = arcctg x , x R
"' sin ( arccos x ) =
2
x 1
, x [ ] 1 , 1
sin ( arctg x ) =
2
( 1
(
+
, x R
cos ( arcsin x ) =
2
x 1
, x [ ] 1 , 1
tg (arcctg x ) =
x
1
, x

R
ctg (arctg x ) =
x
1
, x

R
)cuaii trigonometrice fundamentale
*ac+ a ,-1 , 1. ecuaiile sin x = a i cos x = a nu admit soluii.
*ac+ a ,-1 , 1. , atunci:
sin x = a x
{ }
/
0 1' arcsin a / / + Z
cos x = a x { } arccos a 2/ / t + Z
*ac+ a R, atunci:
tg x = a x { } arctga / / + Z
ctg x = a x { } arcctga / / + Z
1a2uri articulare
sin x = 0 x { } / / Z
sin x = 1 x
2/ /
2

+
' ;

Z
sin x = 1 x
"
2/ /
2

+
' ;

Z
cos x = 0 x
02/ 1' /
2

+
' ;

Z
cos x = 1 x { } 2/ / Z
cos x = 1 x { } 2/ / + Z
Aplicaii ale trigonometriei n geometrie
3otaii 4ntr5un triung6i:
R 5 ra2a cercului circumscris; r 5 ra2a cercului 4nscris; S 5 aria; p7
+ + a c
2
5 semierimetrul
1' !eorema cosinusului
8n orice triung6i 9:1 are loc
+
2 2 2
a c 2 c cos A
;ariante: a'
+
2 2 2
a c 2 a c cos !

+
2 2 2
c a 2 a cos"
b'
+

2 2 2
c a
cos A
2c
;
+

2 2 2
a c
cos !
2ac
;
+

2 2 2
a c
cos"
2a
2' !eorema sinusurilor
8n orice triung6i 9:1 are loc
a c
2R
sinA sin! sin"
;ariante: a 2R sinA 2R sin! c 2R sin"

"'

A (p ) (p c)
sin
2 c
;

! (p a) (p c)
sin
2 ac
;

" (p a) (p )
sin
2 a
#'

A p (p a)
cos
2 c
;

! p (p )
cos
2 ac
;

" p (p c)
cos
2 a
&' S p (p a) (p ) (p c) 0Formula lui <)=>3'
$'

c sinA
S
2
;

a c sin!
S
2
;

a sin"
S
2
?'

2
a sin! sin"
S
2 sinA
;

2
sinA sin"
S
2 sin!
;

2
c sinA sin!
S
2 sin"
@'
S p r
;ariant+:
S
r
p

A'
a c
S
#R

;ariant+:
a c
R
#S

10'
A ! "
r #R sin sin sin
2 2 2