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'ETMXSPYP --.
1MGVSGSWQSWYP (&VELQRHE)
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1EL-&ERHLE.
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'LEOVE 7. 0SXYWYP GY S QMI HI TIXEPI (7ELEWVVE-'LEOVE)
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EPXIPI RIQIR'MSREXI R XI\X (TIRXVY E TWXVE WIGVIXYP #M E PMQMXE EGGIWYP GIPSV
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HIWJ#SEV TVEGXMGE =SKE, E SVMGVIM WYVWI HI JSG HIWGLMW (4EGV), XVIFYMI
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W RGIET GY 7EQEHLM (R =SKE) WEY GY ERGSVEVIE R9PXMQE 6IEPMXEXI".
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GEVI #M RGIT IJSVXYP HI -PYQMREVI GY TVEGXMGE QIHMXE'MIM E#I^EXI (HL]ERE;
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IWIR'IM 7MRIPYM; HIWGSTIVMVIE TVSTVMIM WEPI %HIZVEXI 2EXYVM~), IWXI S I\TVIWMI
GEVI HIWIQRIE^ I\TIVMIR'E XVI^MVMM (-PYQMRVMM); HI#M, HMR TYRGX HI ZIHIVI
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GEVI EFME WI RE#XI #M IWXI WYWGITXMFMP W 3I ETVSJYRHEX.
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IWXI TVSKVEQEX W TIVGIET; GSRGIT'ME GSQERH TIVGIT'ME. 'SRGIT'ME
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RXVIEKE TPERIX HEV EGIEWXE GSRGIT'MI IWXI MR3VQEX HI JETXI. 3QYP RY IWXI
S WYT GEVI XVIFYMI TYW PE 3IVX R IXETI WYGGIWMZI: RXM WI TYRI PE 3IVX ETE,
ETSM WI EHEYK PIKYQIPI #M YPXIVMSV GIPIPEPXI MRKVIHMIRXI. 3QYP IWXI HINE
HIWZV#MX, S STIV GSQTPIX nHYT GLMTYP #M EWIQREVIE 'VIEXSVYPYM~, RG
HMR GPMTE R GEVI IWXI RSY RWGYX.
8S'M QEI#XVM WTMVMXYEPM TI GEVI M-E EZYX SQIRMVIE TVIEQVIWG nWXEVIE HI
RSY RWGYX~, HEV VIGYRSWG G EGIEWX WXEVI HI HIWZV#MVI IWXI ZYPRIVEFMP PE
ZMVYWEVIE ?TVSKVEQEVIE; GSRHM'MSREVIE; IHYGE'MEA I\IVGMXEX HI GXVI
SVKERMWQYP WSGMEP, GEVI ME R TSWIWMI RSYE 3MR', GE TI S GIPYP GEVI XVIFYMI
IHYGEX, WTIGMEPM^EX, TIRXVY E TYXIE 3 YPXIVMSV YXMPM^EX R MRXIVIWI WXVMRI
3MR'IM YQERI ?WSPHEX; GSRWXVYGXSV #M HITEREXSV EP GSQTPI\YPYM QMPMXEVS-
MRHYWXVMEP; HITEREXSV EP 3MR'IPSV YQERI FSPREZI; TVSKVEQEXSV, JSVQEXSV EP
EPXSV 3MR'I YQERI RWXVMREXI HI PE EHIZVEXYP PSV 'IP R ZME';A. % EVXE EGIWX
PYGVY SEQIRMPSV RY IWXI R MRXIVIWYP GIPSV GEVI 'MR JVMIPI SVKERMWQYPYM WSGMEP
E#E G GIM GEVI P-EY VIZIPEX EY JSWX I\MPE'M, IPMQMRE'M WEY MRXIVRE'M R SWTMGMM.
7SGVEXI E JSWX SFPMKEX W FIE SXVEZE WEY W VIRYR'I PE EGIWX EHIZV. 7SGVEXI
R QEIYXMG ?QS#MVIA M ENYXE TI SEQIRM W nWI REWG HMR RSY~, W MEW HMR
TI#XIVE RXYRIGEX R GEVI WYRX 'MRY'M TVM^SRMIVM; TIRXVY E VIEPM^E EGIWX PYGVY
7SGVEXI #M TVSZSGE WIQIRMM W GSR#XMIRXM^I #M W WI IPMFIVI^I HI MHIRXM3GVM
?SQYP WI MHIRXM3G KVI#MX GY RYQIPI, GVIHMR'IPI, ZEPSVMPI, MHIEPYVMPI TI GEVI PI-
EY TVMQMX HI PE EP'MMA; SQYP GEVI WI MHIRXM3G KVI#MX GY RYQIPI, GY
n"TIVWSERE~ ?R P. KVIEG XIVQIRYP nTIVWSRE~ EVI WIQRM3GE'ME HI
nQEWG~A GY QIWIVME, GY WTIGMEPM^EVIE, GY TSWIWMYRMPI, GSVTYP, LEMRIPI,
EZIVIE, TS^M'ME WSGMEP, GY PMQFE ZSVFMX, GY GVIHMR'IPI GEVI M-EY JSWX
MRSGYPEXI, GY HVETIPYP, GY JEQMPME, XVMFYP, TSTSVYP, RE'MYRIE RY IWXI PMFIV GM
HSEV YR MRWXVYQIRX HI QERIZV R QRE GIPSV GEVI P-EY RWXVMREX HI
EHIZVEXE WE QIRMVI.
R XSEXI XVEHM'MMPI WTMVMXYEPI EYXIRXMGI, GEVI ZM^IE^ IPMFIVEVIE WEY
QRXYMVIE SQYPYM ?MEV RY RVSFMVIE WEY HITIRHIR'E WE PE RIWJV#MXA WI
ZSVFI#XI HIWTVI -PYQMREVI GE HIWTVI nE HSYE RE#XIVI~, R GEVI WI VIEPM^IE^
WXEVIE MRZYPRIVEFMP HI nRSY RWGYX~. % TYRI MPYQMREVIE PE WJV#MXYP YRIM WIVMM
HI IXETI IWXI S IVSEVI TI GEVI RY S JEG HIGX GIM GEVI GSRWMHIV G HVYQYP GI
XVIFYMI TEVGYVW IWXI YRYP SVM^SRXEP. 9R HVYQ SVM^SRXEP RY RI ZE GSRHYGI
RMGMSHEX HMRGSPS HI PYQIE HMEGVSRMG, HMRGSPS HI WYTVEJE'E JIRSQIREP, R
GEVI WYRXIQ TVM^SRMIVM. %RKE ?VEQYV; FVE'A WI VIJIV PE GM ZIVXMGEPI, GI
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WYGGIWMYRI ?REMRXI-HYT; TE#M; XVITXI WYGGIWMZI; HYEPMXEXI; GEY^EPMXEXIA RY RI
ZE HYGI RMGMSHEX "HMRGSPS" HI VIEPMXEXIE QERMJIWXEX ?HMRGSPS HI VIEPMXEXIE
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JGYX GE RMQIRM (WEY YR RYQV RIWIQRM3GEXMZ HMRXVI EHIT'MM EGIWXIM GM) W RY
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XVERWGVMIVIE JVERGI^ )*)3 ?(GSPI *VEREMWI H')\XV-QI-3VMIRX)A. 8VERWGVMIVIE
?XVERWPMXIVEVIE; VSQERM^EVIEA JVERGI^ )*)3 (GSPI *VEREMWI H')\XV-QI-
3VMIRX) E JSWX MRHMGEX HSEV TIRXVY YRIPI RYQI GYRSWGYXI PE RSM (0ES 8WIY,
8ES 8I /MRK).
8EFIPYP HI VSQERM^EVI R 4MR]MR #M R ;EHI-+MPIW, TVIGYQ #M QSHYP HI
GSRZIVWMI RXVI EGIWXI HSY QSHEPMX'M HI XVERWGVMT'MI E PMQFMM GLMRI^I,
TVI^IRXEX R 'EVXIE 'MM WTVI 'IV #M 4YXIVI" (8ES 8I /MRK) R XVEHYGIVIE #M
GSQIRXEVMYP PYM: 8ES .MER ;IR, *PSVMR &VXMP #M (ER 1MVELSVMER ('SPIG'ME 'QT
*YRHEQIRXEP, 1992) IWXI VIHEX QEM NSW.
'SRWMHIVQ G VSQERM^EVIE WEY XVERWGVMIVIE TMR]MR, EWGYRHI
EHIZVEXIPI WMQFSPYVM WSRSVI, R XMQT GI EGIWXIE WYRX TWXVEXI R XVERWGVMIVIE
;EHI-+MPIW (YXMPM^EX RG R XSEXI 'VMPI ERKPS-WE\SRI).
)\IQTPM3GQ R GSRXMRYEVI E3VQE'MMPI ERXIVMSEVI: H (HMR TMR]MR) WI
TVSRYR' X ((ES" WI TVSRYR': 8ES" E#E GYQ IWXI XVERWGVMW R XVERWGVMT'MMPI
;EHI-+MPIW #M )*)3) F (HMR TMR]MR) WI TVSRYR' T (nFE~ WI GMXI#XI: nTE~ E#E
GYQ IWXI XVERWGVMW R XVERWGVMT'MMPI ;EHI-+MPIW #M )*)3) K (HMR TMR]MR) WI
TVSRYR' O (nKYE~ WI GMXI#XI nOYE~ E#E GYQ IWXI XVERWGVMW R XVERWGVMT'MMPI
;EHI-+MPIW #M )*)3)
4VIWGYVXVM: WOVX.: WERWOVMX WEY WERWOVMX; PMX.: PMXIVEP.
'9:28 -2863(9'8-:
4IRXVY XVEHYGIVIE XI\XYPYM 7LMZE-7EQLMXE, TI GEVI P TVI^IRXQ TIRXVY
TVMQE SEV R PMQFE VSQR, E JSWX YXMPM^EX S PYGVEVI R PMQFE WERWOVMX,
VIPYEX R LMRHM (GEVI E EHETXEX WGVMIVIE (IZEREKEV, HINE YXMPM^EX R WERWOVMXE
GPEWMG), PYGVVM GEVI EY JSWX GSRJVYRXEXI GY XVEHYGIVIE R PMQFE IRKPI^
VIEPM^EX HI GXVI 6EM &ELEHYV 7VMWE 'LERHVE :EWY.
7LMZE-7EQLMXE IWXI GSRWMHIVEX HI GXVI YRMM GSQIRXEXSVM HVITX S
PYGVEVI WIGVIX JYRHEQIRXEP HI ,EXLE-=SKE, HIWXMREX TVSJIWSVMPSV, 3MRHG TI
HI-S TEVXI IWXI I\TVMQEX MRXIR'ME HI E GSRXVSPE GSVTYP, TIRXVY E-P TYXIE
XVERWQYXE RXV-YR GSVT HMZMR, MRZYPRIVEFMP (GSVTYP HI HMEQERX) GY ENYXSVYP
GVYME GIP VIEPM^EX SVM IPMFIVEX TSEXI SF'MRI EGGIWYP RIPMQMXEX PE XSEXI TPERYVMPI
I\MWXIR'MEPI (R GIPI XVIM PYQM), MEV TI HI EPX TEVXI, TIRXVY G WYRX MRHMGEXI
QMNPSEGIPI #M GMPI TVEGXMGI HI EGGIW PE TYXIVMPI TWMLMGI SVM TIRXVY E SF'MRI
HEVYVMPI HMZMRI (R WOVX.: WMHHLMW).
0E JIP HI RHVITX'M'M WYRX #M GSQIRXEXSVMM GEVI GSRWMHIV 7LMZE 7EQLMXE
HVITX S PYGVEVI JYRHEQIRXEP E XERXVMWQYPYM, HMR GEY^E MQTSVXER'IM EGSVHEXI
VIEPM^VMM =SKE (YRM3GVMM GY %FWSPYXYP; (YQRI^IY) TVMR I\TIVMIR'E XSXEP #M
MRXIKVEP E ZMI'MM, TVMR VIYRMVIE HMRXVI KRH, WIRXMQIRX #M GSVT, GIIE GI E
VITVI^IRXEX RXSHIEYRE S GEVEGXIVMWXMG JYRHEQIRXEP E XERXVMWQYPYM #M YRE
HMRXVI GSQTSRIRXIPI TVEGXMGMM (R WOVX.: WEHLERE) VIWTIGXEX HI XSEXI #GSPMPI
XERXVMGI.
0MQMXEVIE EGXYEP E XERXVMWQYPYM PE YRIPI TVEGXMGM WI\YEPI VITVI^MRX S
HIKVEHEVI #M S I\XIVMSVM^EVI E EGIWXIM GMM MRXIVMSEVI I\TIVMQIRXEPI HI
VIEPM^EVI, GEVI RG HMR ERXMGLMXEXI E3VQE G XSX GI IWXI RIGIWEV IQERGMTVMM
SQYPYM RY WI E4 R EJEV GM R IP RWY#M (YRMYRIE WI\YEP 3MRH YR QMNPSG
I\XIVMSV #M HSEV YR TVMPIN TIRXVY GIM TVIKXM'M W VIEPM^I^I FIEXMXYHMRIE #M
YRMYRIE MRXIVMSEV, GEVI W GSRHYG PE IPMFIVEVI #M -PYQMREVI).
7MQMPEV WXEY PYGVYVMPI #M R ZVNMXSVMI SVM R #EQERMWQ; R EFWIR'E YRYM
ERXVIREQIRX TVIEPEFMP HI EYXSHMWGMTPMREVI (TWMLS-EJIGXMZ #M WSQEXMG)
EZERXENIPI YXMPM^VMM YRSV QMNPSEGI I\XIVMSEVI (HVSKYVM, WYFWXER'I TWMLSXVSTI),
R ZIHIVIE SF'MRIVMM EGGIWYPYM PE TYXIVMPI WYTVEREXYVEPI (WMHHLMW) HEXSVMX
QSHM3GVMPSV MRHYWI WXVMPSV HI GSR#XMMR', WI HSZIHIWG RIWIQRM3GEXMZI, R
VETSVX GY VMWGYVMPI YVME#I EWYQEXI MRYXMP (SQYP MRXS\MGEX SF'MRI WXVM EPXIVEXI
HI GSR#XMMR', GEVI-P TSEVX GE YR ZEP, YRHI ZSV IPI, HMWXVYKRHY-P; HSEV GIP
GEVI IWXI WXTR TI WMXYE'MI TSEXI YXMPM^E TPEWXMGMXEXIE MRHYW, GEVI WI
WYFWXMXYMI WMXYE'MIM RSVQEPI" R GEVI PYGVYVMPI TEV VMKMHI, RKLI'EXI, WXEFMPI #M
HM3GMP HI QSHM3GEX #M GSRXVSPEX).
R GSRGPY^MI, MRWMWXIR'E XYXYVSV XI\XIPSV XERXVMGI EWYTVE TVIKXMVMM
WTMVMXYEPI, TVMR TVEGXMGEVIE TIVWIZIVIRX E I\IVGM'MMPSV =SKE VWTYRHIYRSV
VIEPMX'M SFMIGXMZI: 1. 'SRXVSPYP I\XIVMSVYPYM IWXI HSEV IJIGXYP GSRXVSPYPYM
MRXIVMSV WEY EYXSGSRXVSPYPYM; 2. %HIZVEXE YRMYRI GY (MZMRMXEXIE WEY GY
%FWSPYXYP RY WI VIEPM^IE^ R I\XIVMSV GM R RSM R#MRI.
*ETXYP G HMZIVWIPI QSHEPMX'M HI GSRXVSP TEVERSVQEP EPI VIEPMX'MM
JIRSQIREPI ETIPIE^ MRZEVMEFMP PE XILRMGM WMQMPEVI GIPSV HMR =SKE, ZM^RH
EYXSHMWGMTPMREVIE WEY EQTPM3GEVIE WXEFMPMX'MM QIRXEPI, EV XVIFYM W RI
WIQREPI^I G TMEXVE YRKLMYPEV GSQYR R TVEGXMGMPI #EQERMPSV (HMR %WME,
%QIVMGE, 7GERHMREZME #M %JVMGE) #M R TVEGXMGMPI XERXVMGI, GEVI VIGYVK PE YRMYRIE
I\XIVMSEV GE PE YR HVSK, RY WI E4 R QMNPSEGIPI I\XIVMSEVI (XILRSPSKMGI)
YXMPM^EXI, GM R RSM R#MRI.
R (LEVWLERE 9TERMWLEH WI E3VQ: 3EQIRMM TVSJERM GEYX ^IMM R ET,
R SEQIRMM GY S GYRSE#XIVI QEM PEVK E GSVTYVMPSV GIVI#XM #M R MQEKMRMPI JGYXI
HMR PIQR WEY TMEXV; HSEV R'IPITXYP P ZIHI TI GIP 7YTVIQ R 7MRI RWY#M".
R 7LMZE-HLEVQSXXEVE WI WTYRI: =SKMRMM ZH 6IEPMXEXIE 7YTVIQ R 7MRI
(%XQER), MEV RY R MQEKMRM I\XIVMSEVI.
-QEKMRMPI WYRX GSRGITYXI HI HVEKYP (I\MWXIR'IM YRYM WYTSVX I\XIVMSV)
GSRXIQTPVMM HI GXVI MKRSVER'M".
7MRIPI SQYPYM (%XQER) IWXI GEWE PYM (YQRI^IY. (YQRI^IY WI E4 R
3IGEVI HMRXVI RSM KEXE W RI ENYXI, HI#M R KIRIVEP RSM P MKRSVQ TI
)P" (&LEKEZEXE). (I EGIIE 7LIXEWLZEXEVE-9TERMWLEH (-, 12) E3VQ:)XIVRYP
(&VELQER) GEVI WI SHMLRI#XI R 7MRIPI (RSWXVY) XVIFYMI W 3I GYRSWGYX. 'Y
EHIZVEX RMQMG HMRGSPS HI %GIPE RY QEM IWXI HI GYRSWGYX.".
R EGIEWX TIVWTIGXMZ XVIFYMI R'IPIW #M QIWENYP PYM 4EXERNEPM GEVI R
=SKE-7/XVE I\TYRI GEPIE =SKE (PMX.: YRMYRI; JY^MYRI; GSRNYRG'MI; EPMRMIVI") HI
MHIRXM3GEVI WXEFMP GY 9PXMQE 6IEPMXEXI, GIIE GI TIRXVY E 3 VIEPM^EX
TVIWYTYRI WYTVMQEVIE MHIRXM3GVMM GY 4YGXYE'MMPI QIRXEPI" (R WOVX.: GLMXXE
ZVMXXM-RMVSHLE") ?=SKE-7/XVE -, 2A; MHIRXM3GEVIE GY GIRXVYP RWIEQR
RSRMHIRXM3GEVIE GY TIVMJIVME.
1SHEPMXEXIE HI E VIEPM^E XVERWTEVIR'E GSR#XMMR'IM (PE 6IEPMXEXIE 7YTVIQ
E4EX #M R RSM R#MRI) IWXI WMQMPEV GY PMRM#XMVIE ZEPYVMPSV HI TI WYTVEJE'E ETIM
YRYM PEG-HSEV GRH WI WXMRKI EKMXE'ME YRHIPSV HI PE WYTVEJE'E ETIM TYXIQ
ZIHIE JYRHYP PEGYPYM-VIEPMXEXIE WYTSVX, nXIQIPME~. 7XMRKIVIE MHIRXM3GVMM GY
4YGXYE'MMPI QIRXEPI TVIWYTYRI GSR#XMIR', XVI^MVI WEY ZIKLIVI HEV #M S
GSRXMRY TVEGXMGEVI ZMHVMM WEY E KSPMVMM HI QYPXMTPMGMXEXI #M JIRSQIREPMXEXI. 2Y
RI TYXIQ YQTPI GY 0YQMRE %FWSPYXYPYM HEG RY RI KSPMQ HI GIIE GI RI
SGYT R TVI^IRX; HEGE RY WXMRKIQ PYQMRE JIRSQIREP (R WOVX.: 2MVZERE; PMX.:
I\XMRG'MI") RY HIWGLMHIQ EGGIWYP PE %HIZVEXE 0YQMR (-PYQMREVIE).
7XEVIE HI ZIKLI TEVEHS\EP HMR XMQTYP XVERWIM QMWXMGI HIWM WIEQR GY
WSQRYP 3MRHG R EGIEWX WXEVI TVEGXMGERXYP WI VYTI HI PYQIE HMR EJEV IWXI
WMQYPXER XVI^MVIE" (&SHLM) PE %HIZVEXE 6IEPMXEXI.
(MR TYRGXYP HI ZIHIVI EP ETEVXIRIR'IM XI\XYPYM 7LMZE-7EQLMXE PE ,EXLE
=SKE XVIFYMI W EQMRXMQ G ETEVM'ME EGIWXYM WMWXIQ =SKE IWXI PIKEX HI
RYQIPI YRYM EWGIX, +SVEOLREXL (HMR WIG. <-- I.R.) HIWTVI GEVI WI E3VQ G E
JSRHEX SVHMRYP /ERTLEXE-=SKM #M G EV 3 EYXSVYP, EXX EP YRYM XVEXEX, EWX^M
TMIVHYX, MRXMXYPEX ,EXLE-=SKE, GX #M EP YRYM XI\X, GEVI W-E TWXVEX:
+SVEOWLEWEXEOE.
1MVGIE )PMEHI, GEVI IWXI HI TVIVI G 7LMZE-7EQLMXE ETEV'MRI EXX
XVEHM'MIM HMR =SKE XERXVMG GX #M GMM ,EXLE-=SKE, E3VQ G GIM HMR SVHMRYP
/ERTLEXE EY HEX HMWGMTPMRIM PSV RYQIPI HI ,EXLE-=SKE", XIVQIR GEVI R-E
RXV^MEX W HIWIQRI^I ERWEQFPYP VI'IXIPSV #M EP HMWGMTPMRIPSV XVEHM'MSREPI GY
ENYXSVYP GVSVE WI ENYRKI PE WXTRMVIE TIVJIGX E GSVTYPYM".
1MVGIE )PMEHI, HYT GI E E3VQEX G XSEXI XVEXEXIPI HI ,EXLE-=SKE
HITMRH RXV-YR JIP WEY EPXYP HI +SVEOWLEWEXEOE, E WIPIGXEX HMR RYQVYP QEVI
HI XI\XI TI GEVI PI TSWIHQ EWX^M, TI GIPI XVIM GEVI WI FYGYV HI MRXIVIW: 1.
,EXLE-=SKE 4VEHMTMOE (HI 7ZEXQEVEQE 7ZEQMR; TVSFEFMP HMR WIG. <:)
VITVSHYGI TEWENI RXVIKM HMR +SVEOWLEWEXEOE; 2. +LIVERHE 7EQLMXE (WGVMW HI
YR ERYQI +LIVERHE, ZEMWREZE HMR &IRKEP VITVSHYGI TEWENI RXVIKM HMR ,EXLE-
=SKE 4VHMTMOE); 3. 7LMZE-7EQLMXE (QEM PYRK HIGX XI\XIPI TVIGIHIRXI, IP
GSR'MRI 517 WXER'I #M IWXI GIP QEM IPEFSVEX HMR TYRGX HI ZIHIVI 3PSWS3G).
%PIKIVIE XI\XYPYM 7LMZE-7EQLMXE HMRXV-S QYPXMXYHMRI HI XI\XI IWXI
NYWXM3GEX HI ZEPSEVIE WE HISWIFMX.
R 7LMZE-7EQLMXE (STIV VIZIPEX HI GXVI 7LMZE, GEVI IWXI GIE QEM
TSTYPEV HMZMRMXEXI R -RHME) RXPRMQ S RGIVGEVI HI WMRXI^ E XYXYVSV
HIQIVWYVMPSV 3PSWS3GI, HEV #M HI XVMVI SVM HI I\TIVMQIRXEVI, QERMJIWXEXI R
WTE'MYP LMRHYW; R VETSVX GY XI\XIPI ,EXLE-=SKE QIR'MSREXI ERXIVMSV, QEM TY'MR
IPEFSVEXI HMR TYRGX HI ZIHIVI 3PSWS3G, 7LMZE-7EQLMXE VIWTIGX XSEXI
GSRHM'MMPI YRIM WGVMIVM WEGVI" (R WOVX.: 7LWXVE) WEY EPI YRYM XI\X EYXIRXMG;
WIQRIPI HMWXMRGXMZI (0EOWLERE) EPI XI\XIPSV EYXIRXMGI WYRX: 1. 7IQRIPI
GEVGXIVMWXMGI EPI GMM HI VIEPM^EVI E 7MRIPYM JV ETIP PE QMNPSEGIPI I\XIVRI
(HVSKYVM; TEVXIRIV WI\YEP; EG'MYRI WYFMIGXMZ, GEVI GSRHYGI PE JSV'EVI SVM
I\GIWI); 2. 'IPI GMRGM TYRGXI YRMZIVWEP VIWTIGXEXI R 4YVRE #M R PIKIRHIPI
WXVZIGLM.
(YT %QEVE-7MQLE (WIG. :--:--- I.R.), WTIGMEPMWX R PMQFE WERWOVMX, SVMGI
4YVRE XVIFYMI W EMFI GMRGM WIQRI JEZSVEFMPI" (R WOVX.: 0EOWLERE), EHMG W
XVEXI^I GMRGM XIQI TVIGMWI: 1. 'VIE'ME (IQERE'ME; TVSMIG'ME; QERMJIWXEVIE)
PYQMM; 2. (MWSPY'ME (VIWSVF'ME; 4VEPE]E) #M VIKIRIVEVIE WE GMGPMG; 3. 3VMKMRMPI #M
EWGIRHIR'E ^IMPSV, TEXVMEVLMPSV #M IVSMPSV; 4. +YZIVREVIE PIKMWPEXSVMPSV"
TVMQSVHMEPM (1ERY) #M IXETIPI HI IZSPY'MI WSGMEP (HMZM^EVIE R GEWXI,
WTIGMEPM^EVIE) EPI YQERMX'MM; 5. :ME'E #M STIVE HIWGIRHIR'MPSV PYM 1ERY. 'E #M
R 4YVRE SFWIVZQ G 7LMZE 7EQLMXE VIWTIGX EXX VIHEGXEVIE R ZIVWYVM
(QMNPSG QRIQSXILRMG WEY HI QIQSVEVI TIRXVY GE RZ'XYVE W TSEX 3
XVERWQMW SVEP) GX #M JSVQE HI HMEPSK RXVI QEIWXVYP MPYQMREX #M HMWGMTSPYP WY
(I\MWX XSXY#M 4YVRE GEVI RY VIWTIGX HMZM^MYRIE R GMRGM 0EOWELERE).
(I#M R 7LMZE-7EQLMXE SFWIVZQ YXMPM^EVIE YRSV EVKYQIRXI HMR :IHERXE
#M 7EQOL]E R WTVMNMRYP WMWXIQYPYM =SKE, GEVI ZM^IE^ YRM3GEVIE GY %FWSPYXYP
(&VELQER, (YQRI^IY), XVIFYMI W VIGYRSE#XIQ G NYWXM3GEVIE 3PSWS3G RY E
VITVI^IRXEX YR SFMIGXMZ EP YRYM XI\X QRIQSXILRMG #M RMGM RY WI TYXIE I\TVMQE
TI HITPMR R EGIWXI HIWGVMIVM WYGGMRXI, GEVI RY IVEY HIWXMREXI GYRSE#XIVMM
SVM^SRXEPI PMQMXEXI (%TEVE-:MH]), GM SVMIRXVMM I\TIVMQIRXVMM TIRXVY EGGIW PE
GYRSE#XIVIE WYTVIQ (4EVE-:MH]) #M VIEQMRXMVMM YRSV VI'IXI XILRMGI WIGVIXI
EPI GVSV GSQTSRIRXI WEY MRKVIHMIRXI VIEPI RY PI GYRSWG HIGX MRM'ME'MM #M GIM
GI HIWGLMH #M EPXSVE GEPIE GXVI 9PXMQE 6IEPMXEXI, HEG EGIWX PYGVY IWXI
RIGIWEV #M TSWMFMP.
(EG TVMZMQ PYGVYVMPI HMR WMWXIQYP HI VIJIVMR' EP GMM GI IWXI YVQEX R
=SKE XERXVMG SFWIVZQ G I\TYRIVIE HMR 7LMZE-7EQLMXE IWXI TYXIVRMG
GSPSVEX HI :IHERXE #M HI GXVI YRIPI HSGXVMRI FYHHLMWXI, GYQ EV 3 EGIIE
TVMZMRH ZMHYP (R WOVX.: 7L/R]EX).
7GVMIVMPI #M TVEGXMGMPI XERXVMGI VIKVYTEXI WYF RYQIPI HI 8ERXVE, EWGYRH
RYQIVSEWI TIVMGSPI TIRXVY SEQIRMM GEVI RY WYRX HMWTY#M W WI WYTYR YRIM
WXVMGXI HMWGMTPMRI WTMVMXYEPI. 7-EY JSVQEX HI-E PYRKYP XMQTYPYM HSY #GSPM
XERXVMGI, GEVI MRGPYH RYQIVSEWIPI GYVIRXI I\MWXIRXI: 1. 'EPIE MQTYV #M
TIVMGYPSEW E :QGLVE (8ERXVE QMRM WXRKM"), GEVI TVEGXMG VMXYVM
HIWJVREXI #M HI^Q'YP WI\YEP; 2. 'EPIE TYV, (EOWLMRGLEVE (8ERXVE QMRM
HVITXI"), GEVI TVEGXMG VMXYVM HI TYVM3GEVI #M HI WXVMGX HMWGMTPMR WTMVMXYEP,
GIVRH S HIZS'MYRI EFWSPYX 1EQIM (MZMRI", WYF XSEXI JSVQIPI WEPI.
8VEXEXIPI XERXVMGI GYTVMRH XSEXI GIPI GMRGM XIQI: 1. 'VIE'ME PYQMM; 2.
(MWXVYKIVIE WEY HMWSPY'ME WE; 3. %HSVEVIE PYM (YQRI^IY R EWTIGXIPI WEPI
QEWGYPMR #M JIQMRMR; 4. 3F'MRIVIE TYXIVMPSV WYTVEREXYVEPI; 5. (MJIVMXIPI GM
TIRXVY E ENYRKI PE YRMYRIE GY %FWSPYXYP TVMR QIHMXE'MI. 'MPI XERXVMGI VIGYVK
GSRWXERX PE HMJIVMXIPI TVEGXMGM ERXMGI HMR =SKE GYQ WYRX GIPI HMR: /EVQE-=SKE,
&LEOXM-=SKE, 6ENE-=SKE, /YRHEPMRM-=SKE #M EPXIPI.
8VEXEXIPI XERXVMGI WYRX R KIRIVEP VIHEGXEXI WYF JSVQE YRSV HMEPSKYVM
RXVI 7LMZE, (SQRYP HMZMR #M TIVIGLIE WE 7LEOXM, GEVI IWXI RXVYTEVIEIRIVKMIM
HMZMRI". %GIWXI XI\XI EY HVITX WGST W VMHMGI SQYP R MRXIKVEPMXEXIE WE TR PE
TIVJIG'MYRIE HMZMR RZ'RHY-P W XVI^IEWG JSV'E GSWQMG" (R WOVX.:
/YRHEPMRM-7LEOXM), GEVI WX EHSVQMX R IP, PE FE^E #MVIM WTMRVMM, GY ENYXSVYP
HMZIVWIPSV VMXYVM #M I\IVGM'MM MRXIKVEXI, EXX WSQEXMGI GX #M HI QIHMXE'MI.
'EPIE XERXVMG I\TYW R 7LMZE-7EQLMXE ETEV'MRI GMM TYVI, GI YVQVI#XI
TYVM3GEVIE #M WXVMGXE HMWGMTPMREVI WTMVMXYEP, HISEVIGI WYRX MRXIV^MWI GIPI GMRGM
SFMIGXI (QMNPSEGI I\XIVRI) RIGIWEVI I\IGYXVMM VMXYVMPSV XERXVMGI HMR GEPIE
MQTYV: 1. 1EH]E: ZMRYP; 2. 1QWE: GEVRIE; 3. 1EXW]E: TI#XIPI; 4. 1YHV:
EGYQ GIVIEPI TVNMXI, MEV RY KIWXYVMPI QMWXMGI; 5. 1EMXLYQE: VETSVXYVMPI
WI\YEPI.
R FYHHLMWQYP XMFIXER, XIVQIRYP 8ERXVE HIWIQRIE^ HMJIVMXIPI XMTYVM HI
XI\XI (8ERXVE QIHMGEPI, 8ERXVE EWXVSPSKMGI IXG.) EZRH R EGIWX GE^ WIRWYP HI
WMWXIQ" SVM HI ERWEQFPY GSIVIRX".
)WXI EXVMFYMX VIZIPE'ME XI\XIPSV 8ERXVE PYM FYHHLE 7LO]EQYRM, GEVI E
VIWXEFMPMX XVEHM'ME YMXEX, SVMIRXEX GXVI I\TIVMIR'E MRXIVMSEV YQER, GE
WMRKYVE GEPI HI E GSRXEGXE RIQMNPSGMX 9PXMQE 6IEPMXEXI.
%GIEWX XVEHM'MI HIWGVMI HI^ZSPXEVIE WTMVMXYEP TPIGRH HI PE XVIM
GEXIKSVMM: XIQIPME (WSPYP, FE^E), GEPIE #M JVYGXYP.
8IQIPME WI E4 R TIVWSERE GEVI TVEGXMG; GEPIE VIYRI#XI HMJIVMXIPI
QSHEPMX'M HI QIHMXE'MI GEVI GSRXVMFYMI PE TYVM3GEVIE EGIWXIM XIQIPMM; JVYGXYP
IWXI WXEVIE HI -PYQMREVI WEY HI IPMFIVEVI, PE GEVI WI ENYRKI TVMR TVEGXMGEVIE
GSRXMRY E EGIWXSV I\IVGM'MM HI QIHMXE'MI.
8SEXI JSVQIPI HI QERMJIWXEVI EPI 8ERXVE KVEZMXIE^ R NYVYP EGIWXSV
XVIMJE^I.
8VEHM'ME XMFIXER ZSVFI#XI HI TEXVY GEXIKSVMM HI 8ERXVE" GEVI WYRX: 1.
/VM]E-8ERXVE (8ERXVE EPI EG'MYRMM); 2. 'LEV]E-8ERXVE (8ERXVE EPI TVEGXMGMM); 3.
=SKE-8ERXVE #M 4. =SKE-8ERXVE WYTVIQ.
'VMXIVMMPI HI GPEWM3GEVI 'MR GSRX HI HMJIVIR'IPI HI RMZIP WTMVMXYEP EPI
EHIT'MPSV #M HI KVEHIPI HI I3GMIR' EPI QMNPSEGIPSV YXMPM^EXI TIRXVY E ENYRKI PE
-PYQMREVI (R WOVX.: &SHLM).
8I\XIPI GIPI QEM MQTSVXERXI EPI =SKE-8ERXVE WYTVIQI"WYRX:
+YL]EWEQNE-8ERXVE #M /PEGLEOVE-8ERXVE. %RXMGMPI 8ERXVE" EPI #GSPMM
2]MRKQETE HMZM^IE^ HMR RSY =SKE-8ERXVE WYTVIQ" R XVIM GEXIKSVM: 1ELE-
=SKE, %RY-=SKE #M %XM-=SKE ((^SKGLIR).
4IRXVY 3IGEVI HMRXVI EGIWXI 8ERXVE (GE #M TIRXVY 7LMZE-7EQLMXE) FE^E
SVMGVIM TVEGXMGM I3GMIRXI IWXI TYVMXEXIE WTMVMXYPYM (HIWTVI GEVI ZSVFI#XI #M
4EXERNEPM R =SKE 7/XVE); GIP QEM GYRSWGYX HMRXVI EGIWXI XI\XI IWXI
+YL]EKEVFLE-8ERXVE.
8ISVME TSPEVMX'MM YRMZIVWEPI, GEVEGXIVMWXMG 8ERXVE, GEVI #M KWI#XI
I\TVIWME R WMQFSPMWQYP WI\YEP PE QEM QYPXI RMZIPI, XVIFYMI HIWGSTIVMX RY
RYQEM R EJEV (GYTPYP FVFEX-JIQIMI) GM #M R RSM R#MRI (GYTPYP 7LEOXM-7LMZE
IWXI TVSMIGXEX LSPSKVE3G PE RMZIPYP 3IGVYM MRHMZMH WYF JSVQE GYTPYPYM
ERXEKSRMG #M GSQTPIQIRXEV HMRXVI TSPYP WI\YEP #M WSGMEP EP TPGIVMM R VETSVX
GY TSPYP GIVIFVEP #M MRHMZMHYEP -EP GYRSE#XIVM).
%FSPMVIE HYEPMX'MM HMRXVI TVMRGMTMYP QEWGYPMR (QIXSHE 9T]E) #M
TVMRGMTMYP JIQMRMR (R'IPITGMYRI, 4VEN), KVE'MI YRMYRMM GY %FWSPYXYP, GSRWXMXYMI
EWTIGXYP GIP QEM VIQEVGEFMP EP EGIWXIM =SKE-8ERXVE WYTVIQI".
%REPM^RH HMR TYRGX HI ZIHIVI XERXVMG SFWIVZQ G 7LMZE-7EQLMXE
TSEXI 3 RYQMX S PYGVEVI GPEWMG EWYTVE ,EXLE-=SKE, GI MRHMG VIKYPMPI #M
TVIWGVMT'MMPI GVSVE EHITXYP EGIWXIM =SKE XVIFYMI W WI WYTYR", YXMPM^RH
MRHMGE'MMPI HEXI EWYTVE QERMIVIM HI E PI TYRI R TVEGXMG".
2YQIPI GSQTYW HI 7LMZE-7EQLMXE TVSZMRI HMR VIYRMVIE XIVQIRMPSV
7LMZE #M 7EQLMXE TI GEVI M ZSQ HIWGMJVE R GSRXMRYEVI.
7LMZE (WOV.; PMX.: &YRYP, &PRHYP, &MRIJGXSVYP") IWXI EP XVIMPIE ^IY EP
XVMRMX'MM" (R WOVX.: 8VMQ/VXM) LMRHYWI, GEVI GYTVMRHI TI &VELQE, :MWLRY #M TI
7LMZE. 7LMZE IWXI ^IYP HMWXVYKIVMM #M EP HMWSPY'MIM #M IWXI GSRWMHIVEX S HMZMRMXEXI
FMRIJGXSEVI R QWYVE R GEVI TSEXI RPXYVE -PY^ME (1E]E) #M HMWXVYKI
-KRSVER'E (%ZMH]).
9RYP HMRXVI RYQIPI PYM 7LMZE IWXI ,EVE 3MRHG IP RHITVXIE^
MKRSVER'E" (R WOVX.: EZMH]EHIV LEVEREX").
(VITX ,EVE IWXI TVI^IRXEX 7LMZE R 7LMZE QELMQRE 7XSXVE": 7EPYXVM
PYM &LEZE SVM &VELQE R GEVI VENEW (ZI^M 2SXE 7) TVIHSQMR TIRXVY E GVIE
9RMZIVWYP; WEPYXVM PYM ,EVE WEY 7LMZE R GEVI 8EQE# TVIHSQMR TIRXVY E
HM^SPZE (HMWXVYKI 9RMZIVWYP). 7EPYXVM PYM 1VMHE WEY :MWLRY R GEVI 7EXXZE
TVIHSQMR, TIRXVY E HE JIVMGMVI SEQIRMPSV.
7EPYXVM PYM 7LMZE GEVI IWXI WXVPYGMXSV HMRGSPS HI GIPI XVIM
EXVMFYXI" (WXEVIE 8YV]E n% TEXVE~ TEVI ETVSTMEX HI WSQR #M XEQEWMG, R
VETSVX GY WXEVIE HI ZIKLI, GEVI IWXI VENEW, HEV IE IWXI, R EGIPE#M XMQT,
PYQMRSEW HMRGSPS HI GIPI XVIM WXVM HI GSR#XMMR' TVSJERI, SEVFI #M EXE#EXI HI
PYQIE JIRSQIREP; ZI^M #M 2SXE 40). ?3FWIVZQ S MIVEVLM^EVI E XIRHMR'IPSV #M
GMPSV; GEPIE GIRXVMTIX, GXVI 9RMXEXI, IWXI GEPIE IPMFIVVMM; GEPIE GIRXVMJYK,
GXVI QYPXMTPMGMXEXI, IWXI GEPIE VXGMVMM #M E QSV'MM, EXX R LMRHYMWQ GX #M R
XESMWQA.
R 1ELFLEVEXE, GIP QEM QEVI HMRXVI GIM XVIM ^IM IWXI GRH :MWLRY, GRH
7LMZE, GEVI VIHIZMRI WXTRYP #M GVIEXSVYP PYM &VELQE #M EP PYM :MWLRY, ZIRIVEX
HI XS'M ^IM, HMWXYKXSVYP MKRSVERXIM #M HSQRYP =SKMRMPSV.
4IRXVY EHIT'MM GEVI EHSV R 7LMZE -HIEPYP PSV EPIW" (R WOVX.: -WLXE (IZE)
IP IWXI HMZMRMXEXIE XSXEP, 6IEPMXEXIE WYTVIQ. %WSGMEX GY JSV'IPI WEPI
HMREQMGI, GYRSWGYXI WYF RYQIPI HI 7LEOXM (WS'ME WE EP GVIM WMQFSP IWXI =SRM)
4VZEXM, /PM WEY (YVK, IP RGEVRI^ %FWSPYXYP XVERWGIHIRXEP.
'IPI XVIM HMZMRMX'M (8VMQ/VXM) WYRX R VIEPMXEXI 9RYP, MEV 9RYP IWXI XVMTPY, PE
JIP GYQ #M :IHEW WYRX XVMTPI (7EQLMX, &VELQERE #M 7/XVE), XSEXI JSVQRH YR
WMRKYV XSX. )PI WYRX XSEXI XVIM GSR'MRYXI R EGIEWX *MMR' YRMG, GEVI IWXI
EHIZVEXYP 7MRI EP 3IGVYM PYGVY.
%#E GYQ 7LMZE IWXI YRE HMRXVI GIPI XVIM RGEVRVM EPI %FWSPYXYPYM
(&VELQER) XSX E#E 7EQLMXE (WOVX.; PMX.: GYPIKIVI") VITVI^MRX YRYP HMRXVI GIPI
XVIM ZEWI", GEVI GSR'MR RXVIKYP QIWEN HMR :IHE; XIVQIRYP 7EQLMXE
HIWIQRIE^ PMXIVEXYVE ZIHMG E 1ERXVE, GEVI QFVEG JSVQE VYKGMYRMPSV HI
SJVERH #M E GRXIGIPSV VMXYEPI, VIYRMXI #M VITEVXM^EXI R HMJIVMXI XI\XI ZIHMGI.
REMRXI HI E RGLIME, VIHQ GYZMRXIPI PYM +. 8YGGM EWYTVE GSVIPE'MIM
HMRXVI %FWSPYX (&VELQER) #M 7LMZE: :IHERXE WMWXIQYP 3PSWS3G GEVI HIVMZ
HMR 9TERMWLEHI E RYQMX &VELQER ('SR#XMMR'E 'SWQMG TYV, GEVI IWXI
WYTSVXYP SVMGVIM KRHMVM GSRGVIXI) #M M-E KWMX QMWXIVMSEWE TVI^IR' R RSM, GE
7MRI WIGVIX, %XQER, GE PYQMR TYV, GE TVMRGMTMY TVMQSVHMEP #M YRMG VIEPMXEXI
MQYEFMP R QMNPSGYP SGIERYPYM HI XVERWJSVQVM. "GSPMPI WLMZEMXI EY RYQMX 7LMZE
WEY 4EVE-WEQZMX, 'SR#XMMR'E 7YTVIQ, GEVI WI VWTRHI#XI #M WI HIWJ#SEV
TIWXI XSX GIIE GI IWXI. R WJV#MX, GSRXVEV :IHERXE RSR HYEPMWX, IPI WYW'MR G
PYQIE RY IWXI MVIEP, GM QEM GYVRH S HIWJ#YVEVI E PYM (YQRI^IY, LEMRE 7E.
)VSEVIE TVSZMRI HMR EXVMFYMVIE YRIM I\MWXIR'I VIEPI, SFMIGXMZI #M
EYXSRSQI PE GIIE GI ETEVI HVITX nIY~ WEY GE PYGVY; IYP #M PYGVYVMPI WYRX
nYRHI~ (WEY ZEPYVM), TI S nET TVMQSVHMEP~, WYWGMXEXI PMFIV HI RIGIWMXEXIE
HMZMR EPMQIRXEXI HMR IVSEVIE RSEWXV; IPI WI REWG #M WI WYGGIH TI WYTVEJE'E
TVMQSVHMEP MQSFMP E EGIWXIM 'SR#XMMR'I".
(ER 1MVELSVMER n31~
7,-:%-7%1,-8%
8)<890 46-2'-4%0
'%4-83090 -
)\MWXIR'E RYQEM YRE.
1. .RE1 (GYRSE#XIVIE) WMRKYV IWXI IXIVR; IE IWXI JV RGITYX SVM
WJV#MX; RY I\MWX RMGM S EPX WYFWXER' VIEP.
(MZIVWMX'MPI TI GEVI PI ZIHIQ R PYQI WYRX GEY^EXI HI GSRHM'MMPI
WMQ'YVMPSV; GRH EGIWXIE RGIXIE^, EXYRGM RYQEM EGIEWX .RE WMRKYV, #M
RMQMG EPXGIZE, VQRI.
3. )Y, -WLZEVE MYFMXSV EP GIPSV HIZSXE'M QMI, HXXSV EP IQERGMTVMM
WTMVMXYEPI GXVI XSEXI GVIEXYVMPI, TVI^MRX =SKERYWWERE (I\TYRIVIE =SKE).
R EGIEWX PYGVEVI WYRX VIWTMRWI XSEXI EGIPI HSGXVMRI R HMWTYX, GEVI
GSRHYG PE JEPW GYRSE#XIVI.
%GIEWXE IWXI TIRXVY HI^VSFMVIE TIVWSERIPSV EPI GVSV QMR'M WYRX
RIEFXYXI #M R RXVIKMQI SVMIRXEXI GXVI 1MRI.
(MJIVIR'I HI STMRMI.
4. 9RMM PEYH EHIZVYP, EP'MM TYVM3GEVIE #M EWGIXMWQYP; YRMM IPSKME^
MIVXEVIE, EP'MM IKEPMXEXIE #M WMRGIVMXEXIE.
5. 9RMM PEYH HVYMVIE (QMPE, EPXVYMWQYP) EP'MM WEGVM3GMMPI JGYXI R
SRSEVIE WXVQS#MPSV; YRMM IPSKME^ EG'MYRIE (/EVQE), EP'MM GVIH G PMTWE HI
TEWMYRI (GEPQYP, MQTEWMFMP) (:EMVK]E2) IWXI GIE QEM FYR.
6. 9RIPI TIVWSERI R'IPITXI IPSKME^ RHITPMRMVIE HEXSVMMPSV YRYM GET HI
JEQMPMI; EPXI EYXSVMX'M MRHMG WEGVM3GMYP JSGYPYM, GE GIP QEM REPX.
7. 9RMM PEYH 1ERXVE =SKE, EP'MM JVIGZIRXEVIE PSGYVMPSV HI TIPIVMREN. %#E
HMZIVWI WYRX GMPI TI GEVI SEQIRMM PI HIGPEV TIRXVY IQERGMTEVI.
8. *MMRH ERKENE'M R EGIEWX PYQI RXV-YR QSH EXX HI HMZIVW, GLMEV #M GIM
GEVI QEM GYRSWG RG REXYVE EG'MYRMPSV GE 3MRH FYRE WEY VIE, HI#M PMFIVM HI
KVI#IEP (HI TGEX), XSXY#M HIZMR ZMGXMQI EPI HI^SVMIRXVMM (GEH TVEH
VXGMVMM).
9. 3EQIRMM GEVI YVQIE^ EGIWXI HSGXVMRI, #M GEVI EY GSQMW EG'MYRM FYRI
#M VIPI, VXGIWG GSRWXERX R PYQMPI (QERMJIWXEXI), VQRRH TVM^SRMIVM EM
GMGPYPYM HI RE#XIVM #M QSV'M, #M PIKE'M HI GVYHE RIGIWMXEXI (HI PYQIE XIQTSVEP,
GEY^EP).
10. %P'MM, QEM R'IPIT'M, #M QEM EV^XSV HIZSXE'M MRZIWXMKE'MIM SGYPXYPYM,
HIGPEV G WY4IXIPI WYRX QYPXI, IXIVRI #M SQRMTVI^IRXI.
11. %P'MM E3VQ G: )\MWX RYQEM EGIPI PYGVYVM GEVI WYRX TIVGITYXI TVMR
WMQ'YVM #M RMQMG R EJEV HI IPI; YRHI IWXI GIVYP SVM MEHYP#". %GIEWXE IWXI
GVIHMR'E PSV JIVQ.
12. %P'MM GVIH G PYQIE IWXI YR GYVIRX HI GSR#XMMR' (S QERMJIWXEVI, S
TVSMIG'MI E 'SR#XMMR'IM 'SWQMGI) #M RY S IRXMXEXI QEXIVMEP; YRMM RYQIWG ZMHYP
GE GIP QEM QEVI. %P'MM GVIH R HSY IWIR'I 1EXIVME (4VEOVMXM3) #M 7TMVMXYP
(4YVYWLE4).
14. %WXJIP GVI^RH R HSGXVMRI GSQTPIX HISWIFMXI, GY WTEXIPI PE
WYTVIQYP 'IP, IM GVIH, R EGSVH GY R'IPIKIVIE #M IHYGE'ME PSV, G EGIWX YRMZIVW
IWXI JV (YQRI^IY; EP'MM, HSVMXSVM W WXEFMPIEWG I\MWXIR'E PYM (YQRI^IY #M
RXIQIME^ GVIHMR'E (GSRZMRKIVMPI, TVIVMPI) TI EVKYQIRXI HI RI^HVYRGMREX
HMR YRIPI XI\XI GI HIGPEV HMJIVIR'E HMRXVI WY4IX #M (YQRI^IY.
16. %GI#XME #M QYP'M EP'M R'IPIT'M GY HMJIVMXI HIRYQMVM, EY JSWX HIGPEVE'M
R 7LWXVE5 (XI\XIPI WEGVI): GSRHYGXSVM R IVSEVI EM QMR'M SQIRI#XM ". 2Y
IWXI TSWMFMP W HIWGVMIQ R RXVIKMQI HSGXVMRIPI EGIWXSV TIVWSERI EXX HI
TEWMSREXI HI GIEVX #M GSRXVSZIVW; HI EGIIE SEQIRMM VXGIWG R EGIWX
YRMZIVW, 3MRH EXVE#M R EJEVE GMM GI GSRHYGI PE IPMFIVEVI.
=SKE IWXI WMRKYVE QIXSH EHIZVEX 17. (YT GI EQ WXYHMEX XSEXI
7LWXVE (XI\XIPI WEGVI) #M HYT GI EQ QIHMXEX RHIPYRK EWYTVE PSV, EGIWX
=SKE 7LWXVE (XI\XYP HI JE') E JSWX KWMX G IWXI WMRKYVE HSGXVMR EHIZVEX
#M JIVQ (WSPMH RXIQIMEX R %HIZV).
18. (ISEVIGI TVMR =SKE XSEXI EGIWXI EHIZVYVM WYRX GYRSWGYXI GE 3MRH
GIVXMXYHMRM (I\TIVMQIRXEP MEV RY XISVIXMG), XSEXI IJSVXYVMPI XVIFYMI W 3I JGYXI
TIRXVY E PI I\TIVMQIRXE. %XYRGM GEVI IWXI RIGIWMXEXIE SVMGVIM EPXI HSGXVMRI
(GYRSE#XIVM MRXIPIGXYEPI)#
%GIEWX =SKE 7LWXVE, TI GEVI RSM S TVI^IRXQ EGYQ, IWXI S GEPI JSEVXI
WIGVIX, GEVI TSEXI 3 VIZIPEX RYQEM WY4IXIPSV REPXI, HIZSXEXI #M GYGIVRMGI
HMR GIPI XVIM PYQM.
/EVQE /RHE6 20. )\MWX HSY WIG'MYRM (R :IHW) /EVQE /RHE (TEVXIE
HIHMGEX EG'MYRMM) #M .RE /RHE (TEVXIE GSRWEGVEX GYRSE#XIVMM). *MIGEVI
WIG'MYRI IWXI PE VRHYP WY HMZM^EX R HSY TV'M.
21. /EVQE /RHE IWXI QTV'MX R HSY GSRWXRH HMR TSVYRGM
(LSXVVM) #M MRXIVHMG'MM.
22. 'RH EGXIPI MRXIV^MWI WYRX JGYXI, ZSV EHYGI GY WMKYVER' TGEX; HMR
I\IGYXEVIE EGXIPSV EKVIEFMPI VI^YPX GY WMKYVER' QIVMX.
23. ,SXVVMPI WYRX QTV'MXI R XVIM GPEWI RMX]E (TIVQERIRXI),
REMQMXXMOE (SGE^MSREPI), #M OQ]E (ST'MSREPI).
4VMR RIRHITPMRMVIE RMX]E WEY E VMXYVMPSV ^MPRMGI, GVI#XI TGEXYP; RW TVMR
RHITPMRMVIE PSV RMGM YR QIVMX RY IWXI G#XMKEX. 4I HI EPX TEVXI HEXSVMMPI
SGE^MSREPI #M ST'MSREPI, HEG WYRX JGYXI WEY PWEXI RIJGYXI, TVSHYG QIVMXI
(I3GMIR') WEY HI3GMIR' (HIJIGX).
24. *VYGXIPI EG'MYRMPSV WYRX QTV'MXI R HSY GPEWI: GIV WEY MEH. 'IVYVMPI
WYRX HI ZEVMEXI JIPYVM #M HI EWIQIRIE MEHYVMPI WYRX HMZIVWI.
25. %G'MYRMPI FYRI (TSVYRGMXI) WYRX GIPI QEM GIVI#XM #M HSVMR'IPI
TGXSEWI (GEVI RGEPG MRXIVHMG'MMPI) WYRX GIPI QEM RIKVI; GVIE'ME IWXI HSEV YR
TVSHYW REXYVEP EP /EVQIM (JETXIPSVXVIGYXI; HIWXMRYPYM) #M RMQMG EPXGIZE.
26. 'VIEXYVMPI WI FYGYV HI QYPXI TPGIVM R GIV; #M HI QYPXI HYVIVM
(WYJIVMR'I) MRXSPIVEFMPI R MEH.
27. 6I^YPX HMR EGXIPI VIPI HYVIVI, MEV HMR GIPI FYRI JIVMGMVI. (I HVEKYP
JIVMGMVMM, SEQIRMM RHITPMRIWG GSRWXERX EG'MYRM FYRI.
28. 'RH WYJIVMR'IPI TIRXVY EG'MYRMPI VIPI WYRX RHYVEXI, EXYRGM EVI PSG
GY WMKYVER' S VIRE#XIVI; GRH JVYGXIPI GI VI^YPX HMR EG'MYRMPI FYRI EY JSWX
ITYM^EXI EXYRGM VI^YPXEXYP IWXI EGIPE#M.
29. 'LMEV #M R GIV I\MWX I\TIVMIR'E HYVIVMM TVMR ZIHIVIE FYGYVMIM QYPX
QEM REPXI E GIPSVPEP'M; GY EHIZVEX RY IWXI RMGM S RHSMEP G RXVIK YRMZIVWYP
IWXI TPMR HI WYJIVMR'.
30. 'PEWM3GEXSVMM /EVQIM (HIWXMRYPYM, WSV'MM) EY HMZM^EX-S R HSY TV'M:
EG'MYRM FYRI #M VIPI; IPI WYRX ZIVMXEFMPE PIKXYV (WGPEZMI) E WY4IXIPSV
RXVYTEXI, #M WI QERMJIWX 3IGEVI PE VRHYP WY.
31. %GIME GEVI RY WYRX HSVMXSVM W WI FYGYVI HI JVYGXIPI EG'MYRMPSV PSV R
EGIEWX PYQI SVM R YVQXSEVIE XVIFYMI W VIRYR'I PE XSEXI EG'MYRMPI
WYFMIGXMZI GEVI WYRX JGYXI YVQVMRH JVYGXIPI PSV; R QSH WMQMPEV XVIFYMI
VIWTMRW EXE#EVIE JE' HI EGXIPI ^MPRMGI #M SGE^MSREPI (REMQMXXMOE), #M W WI
HIHMGI TVEGXMGMM =SKE.
.RE /RHE 32. =SKMRYP R'IPITX, GEVI E R'IPIW EHIZVYP /EVQE /RHE
(EG'MYRIE WYFMIGXMZ #M GSRWIGMR'E WE: WGPEZME) XVIFYMI W VIRYR'I PE EG'MYRMPI
GEVI RPR'YMI; #M HYT TVWMVIE EXX E ZMVXY'MM GX #M E ZMGMYPYM, IP XVIFYMI W WI
ERKENI^I R .RE /RHE (TEVXIE GSRWEGVEX GYRSE#XIVMM).
33. R XI\XIPI :IHMGI, GRH WI E3VQ G 7TMVMXYP XVIFYMI W 3I Z^YX" #M
(IWTVI %GIPE GMRIZE XVIFYMI W EYH" WI WYW'MRI G HSEV I\TIVMIR'E ERGSVVMM
R %FWSPYX (&VELQER) IWXI EHIZVYP WEPZEXSV (QRXYMXSV) #M HXXSV EP
EHIZVEXIM GYRSE#XIVM; HI EGIIE XI\XIPI :IHMGI XVIFYMI W 3I WXYHMEXI GY
QEVI KVMN.
34. %GIE -RXIPMKIR' GEVI MRGMX JYRG'MMPI TI GVEVIE ZMVXY'MM SVM ZMGMYPYM
WYRX )Y (%FWSPYXYP %GIPE, -RXIPMKIR'E 'SWQMG, 'SR#XMMR'E 'SWQMG). 8SX EGIWX
YRMZIVW R QM#GEVI #M RIQM#GEVI IWXI R 1MRI; XSEXI PYGVYVMPI WYRX TWXVEXI HI
1MRI; XSEXI WYRX EFWSVFMXI R 1MRI (R QSQIRXYP HMWSPY'MIM TVEPE]E); TIRXVY
G RY I\MWX RMQMG EPXGIZE HIGX 7TMVMX #M )Y WYRX" WTMVMXYP %GIPE. 2Y I\MWX
RMQMG EPXGIZE.
35. %#E GYQ R RIRYQVEXI ZEWI TPMRI GY ET, WYRX Z^YXI QYPXI
VI4I\MM EPI WSEVIPYM, HI#M WYFWXER'E IWXI EGIIE#M; R QSH WMQMPEV MRHMZM^MM GE #M
ZEWIPI WYRX RIRYQVE'M, HEV WTMVMXYP RWY4I'MXSV, GE #M WSEVIPI IWXI YRYP WMRKYV.
36. 'E #M R ZMW YR WMRKYV WY4IX GVIIE^ QYPXI SFMIGXI RYQEM HSVMRHY-PI;
HEV PE XVI^MVI XSXYP HMWTEVI R EJEV HI EGIP WY4IX (GIP GI GPXSVI#XI, GIP GI
ERMQIE^ WGIRE); E#E IWXI EGIWX YRMZIVW.
37. 'E RXV-S MPY^MI GRH S JYRMI ETEVI GE YR #EVTI, MEV S TIVP ETEVI GE
EVKMRXYP; R QSH WMQMPEV XSX EGIWX YRMZIVW IWXI WYTVETYW TIWXI 4EVEQXQ
(7TMVMXYP YRMZIVWEP, 7Y4IXYP YRMZIVWEP, 7MRIPI YRMZIVWEP).
38. 'E #M EXYRGM GRH GYRSE#XIVIE JYRMIM IWXI SF'MRYX, RS'MYRIE
IVSREX G IWXI YR #EVTI RY VQRI; E#E, TVMR GVI#XIVIE GYRSE#XIVMM )YPYM,
HMWTEVI EGIWX YRMZIVW FE^EX TI MPY^MI.
39. 'E #M EXYRGM GRH IWXI SF'MRYX GYRSE#XIVIE QEQIM TIVPIM, E3VQE'ME
IVSREX G TIVPE IWXI EVKMRX RY VQRI; XSX E#E TVMR GYRSE#XIVIE 7TMVMXYPYM (E
M^ZSVYPYM XYXYVSV QERMJIWXVMPSV), PYQIE ETEVI RXSXHIEYRE GE S MPY^MI.
40. 'E #M EXYRGM GRH YRYM SQ HRHY-#M TI TPISETI GY YR TVITEVEX HMR
KVWMQI HI FVSEWG, YR FEQFYW M ETEVI GE YR #EVTI, XSX E#E ETEVI PYQIE R
4EVEQXQ, HEXSVMX R#IPXSVYPYM TMKQIRX EP SFMGIMYPYM #M MQEKMRE'MIM.
41. 'E #M EXYRGM GRH TVMR GYRSE#XIVIE JYRMIM #EVTIPI HMWTEVI GE S MPY^MI;
WMQMPEV ETEVI PYQIE TVMR GYRSE#XIVIE WTMVMXYEP. %#E GYQ TVMR SGLMM RKPFIRM'M
EPFYP TEVI KEPFIR, WMQMPEV EGIEWX PYQI ETEVI R WTMVMX GE S FSEP GEY^EX HI
MKRSVER'; EGIEWXE IWXI S KVI#IEP JSEVXI HM3GMP HI RPXYVEX.
42. 'E #M EXYRGM GRH KPFIRIEPE IWXI RHITXEX, TEGMIRXYP ZIHI
GYPSEVIE E#E GYQ IWXI, XSX E#E GRH R#IPXSEVIE MKRSVER' IWXI HMWXVYW,
EHIZVEXE REXYV E WTMVMXYPYM IWXI (JGYX) QERMJIWXEX.
43. %#E GYQ S JYRMI RY TSEXI HIZIRM RMGMSHEX YR #EVTI, R XVIGYX,
TVI^IRX SVM ZMMXSV; XSX E#E WTMVMXYP GEVI IWXI HMRGSPS HI XSEXI KYRW7 #M GEVI
IWXI TYV, RMGMSHEX RY HIZMRI YRMZIVW (JIRSQIREP; RSM ZIHIQ YQFVE, PYQMRE
WEY TVSMIG'ME WE, MEV RY TI )P RWY#M).
44. 9RMM SEQIRM R'IPIT'M, EHRG GYRSWGXSVM EM 7GVMTXYVMPSV, GEVI EY
SF'MRYX GYRSE#XIVIE 7TMVMXYPYM, EY HIGPEVEX G R#M#M (IZEW (>IMM) GE -RHVE, IXG
WYRX RI-IXIVRM, WYTY#M RE#XIVMM #M QSV'MM, WSVXM'M HMWXVYKIVMM (HIKVEHVMM, GYVKIVMM,
XVERWJSVQVMM; ETEV'MR EPXYM RMZIP I\MWXIR'MEP, R GEVI GSRXMRY W I\MWXI
8MQTYP).
45. %#E GYQ S FYP HI EIV R QEVI WI VMHMG PE WYTVEJE', TVMRXVI ZEPYVMPI
EKMXEXI, XSX E#E EGIEWX PYQI XVER^MXSVMI (KRHYVMPI; XSEXI QERMJIWXVMPI) WI
VMHMG HMR 7TMVMX.
46. R XMQT GI 9RMXEXIE I\MWX RXSXHIEYRE, (MZIVWMXEXIE RY I\MWX
RXSXHIEYRE; ZMRI YR XMQT GRH EGIEWXE RGIXIE^ (SHEX GY VIWSVF'ME
YRMZIVWYPYM QERMJIWXEX); HMWXMRG'MMPI HYFPI, XVMTPI #M QYPXMTPI MEY RE#XIVI RYQEM
TVMR -PY^MI (1]).
47. 3VMGI EV 3 JSWX, IWXI, SVM ZE 3, GY JSVQ SVM JV JSVQ, TI WGYVX XSX
EGIWX YRMZIVW IWXI WYTVETYW TIWXI 7TMVMXYP 7YTVIQ (GE ZEPYVMPI TI WYTVEJE'E
YRYM SGIER).
48. 7YKIVEX HI WXTRYP WYKIWXMIM (MPY^MIM 1]) ETEVI %ZMH]
(MKRSVER'E). )WXI RWGYX HMR RIEHIZV (IGVEREVI) #M IWIR'E WE EHIZVEX
(TEVXIE WE MQYEFMP, IXIVR) IWXI RIVIEP. 'YQ TSEXI S GYRSE#XIVI HIWTVI
EGIEWX PYQI GY S EWIQIRIE XIQIPMI W 3I VIEP# ('YRSE#XIVIE WIR^SVMEP,
ZIVFEP #M MRXIPIGXYEP VQRI PE WYTVEJE'E JIRSQIREP; IE RY ZIHI, TVMR
I\TIVMIR' HMVIGX, JE'E PYGVYVMPSV" ^SRE HI MRXIVGSRI\MYRI, GM HSWYP
PYGVYVMPSV" VIEPMXEXIE HMWGSRXMRY WEY TVSMIG'ME MPY^SVMI).
7TMVMXYP 49. 8SX EGIWX YRMZIVW, R QM#GEVI (QERMJIWXEX) WEY RIQM#GEX
(RIQERMJIWXEX), E MI#MX HMR -RXIPMKIR'E 'SWQMG. 'IP GI VIRYR' PE SVMGI EPXGIZE
#M VIHIWGSTIV SVMKMRIE R %GIPE (-RXIPMKIR'E 'SWQMG).
50. %#E GYQ WTE'MYP ()XIVYP; %OEWLE) TXVYRHI RXV-YR ZEW, EXX R
MRXIVMSV, GX #M R EJEV, XSX EWXJIP R QMI^YP #M HMRGSPS HI EGIWX YRMZIVW, R
TIVQERIRX XVERWJSVQEVI, I\MWX S VIEPMXEXI MQYEFMP #M SQRMTVI^IRX,
TVIXYXMRHIRM (7TMVMXYP 9RMZIVWEP).
51. %#E GYQ WTE'MYP ()XIVYP %OEWLE) TXVYRHI GIPI GMRGM WXVM ETEVIRXI
EPI QEXIVMIM #M RY WI EQIWXIG HIPSG GY IPI, XSX E#E RMGM 7TMVMXYP (-QYEFMPYP,
:MHYP E\MEP) RY WI EQIWXIG RMGM EGIPE GY YRMZIVWYP R TIVQERIRX WGLMQFEVI
(E\YP RIQM#GEX EP VS'MM IWXI XIQIPME QM#GVMM).
52. (I PE (IZEW (>IM) R NSW TR PE YRMZIVWYP QEXIVMEP XSEXI WYRX
TXVYRWI HI YR WMRKYV 7TMVMX (%\, 3V) ?GI YRI#XI EXX QVKIPIPI GSRGIRXVMGI #M
GIPI R#MVEXIA. )\MWX S 7EX ()\MWXIR'), 'LMX ('SR#XMMR'; -RXIPMKIR'), %RERHE8
(*IVMGMVI) EXSXTXVYR^XSEVI RIRGIXEX #M JV WIGYRH (RIGSRHM'MSREX;
EYXSWY3GMIR'E; EYXSWYW'MRYX).
53. *MMRHG RY IWXI MPYQMREX HI RMQMG EPXGIZE, EGIEWX -RXIPMKIR'
7YTVIQ EVI PYQMR TVSTVMI; 3MRHG EVI PYQMRS^MXEXI TVSTVMI, EHIZVEXE
REXYV E 7TMVMXYPYM IWXI 0YQMRE (PYQMRE RYQIREP RY PEW YQFVI; EGIEWXE
XVERWGIHI HYEPMXEXIE RXYRIVMGEX-PYQMRSW, GEVEGXIVMWXMG PYQMRMM JIRSQIREPI;).
54. (ISEVIGI 7TMVMXYP R REXYVE WE RY IWXI PMQMXEX HI XMQT, SVM HI WTE'MY,
WTMVMXYP IWXI MR3RMX; 7TMVMXYP IWXI MQYEFMP, JV RGITYX #M WJV#MX, WI E4
TVIXYXMRHIRM EXSXTXVYR^XSV #M IWXI R RXVIKMQI )P RWY#M (EYXSHIXIVQMREX,
RIGSRHM'MSREX HMR I\XIVMSV).
55. (ISEVIGI 7TMVMXYP IWXI HMJIVMX (M^SPEX, IGVEREX HI WTE'MY #M XMQT, HI#M
IWXI WMXYEX R QMI^YP 3IGVIM QERMJIWXVM) HI EGIEWX PYQI (GEVI IWXI
GSQTYW HMR GMRGM WXVM EPI QEXIVMIM EGIPIE WYRX ETEVIR'I MPY^SVMM WYTYWI
HMWXVYKIVMM #M XVERWJSVQVMM) )P IWXI IXIVR; )P RY TSEXI 3 RMGMSHEX HMWXVYW.
56. (MR GEY^ G R EJEV #M HMRGSPS HI %GIPE RY I\MWX RMGM S EPX
WYFWXER' (XIQIPMI MRZEVMEFMP), %GIPE IWXI 9RYP; JV )P SVMGI EPXGIZE IWXI JEPW
(RY EVI RMGM S FE^); HI EGIIE )P IWXI %HIZVEXE )\MWXIR' (9PXMQE 6IEPMXEXI;
6IEPMXEXIE %FWSPYX).
57. ((ISEVIGI) R EGIEWX PYQI, GVIEX HI MKRSVER', HMWXVYKIVIE
WYJIVMR'IM RWIEQR G#XMKEVIE JIVMGMVMM; HSEV TVMR 'YRSE#XIVI (I\TIVMQIRXEP
MEV RY XISVIXMG) ETEVI MRZYPRIVEFMPMXEXIE JE' HI SVMGI WYJIVMR'; HI EGIIE
(GSRXEGXYP RIQMNPSGMX GY) 7TMVMXYP RWIEQR %RERHE (*IVMGMVI; &IEXMXYHMRI).
58. (ISEVIGI TVMR 'YRSE#XIVI (GSR#XMIRXM^EVI #M MHIRXM3GEVI
I\TIVMQIRXEP GY 9PXMQE 6IEPMXEXI) IWXI HMWXVYW MKRSVER'E (MPY^ME,
RXYRIVMGYP), GEVI IWXI GEY^E YRMZIVWYPYM (GETXMZMX'MM, WYJIVMR'IM; GMGPYPYM HI
VIRE#XIVM,); HI EGIIE 7TMVMXYP IWXI 'YRSE#XIVI ('SR#XMMR' 'SWQMG) #M EGIEWX
I\MWXIR' (7EX) IWXI R GSRWIGMR' IXIVR.
59. (ISEVIGI I\MWX R XMQT ?; R GSRXMRY HIWJ#YVEVI WEY WGLMQFEVIA
QYPXMTPMGMXEXIE TEVI GEVEGXIVMWXMGE YRMZIVWYPYM ?HEV #M EGIEWXEA #M EVI SVMKMRIE
R 9RMXEXI ?R VIEPMXEXIE MQYEFMP RJ#YVEX HI HMRGSPS HI XMQT #M WTE'MYA;
I\MWX 9RYP, GEVI IWXI GY EHIZVEX )YP (7MRIPI), RIWGLMQFXSV TVMR XSEXI
XMQTYVMPI; EGIWX 7MRI (%XQER) IWXI 9RYP #M RY TSEXI 3 KRHMX (RYQMX, HIWGVMW,
RY EVI RWY#MVM: RYQI, JSVQ, KYWX, GYPSEVI; IWXI JV HYEPMXEXI: RGITYX-
WJV#MX, REPX-WGYRH, Y#SV-KVIY.).
60. 8SEXI EGIWXI WYFWXER'I I\XIVRI ZSV TMIVM R GYVWYP XMQTYPYM; (RW)
%GIPE (7TMVMXYP), GEVI IWXI MRHIWGVMTXMFMP TVMR GYZMRXI, ZE GSRXMRYE W I\MWXI
JV RXVIVYTIVI, EYXSRXVI'MRRHY-WI.
61. 2MGM WYFWXER'IPI (WXVMPI: IXIVYP, EIVYP, JSGYP, ETE, TQRXYP) RMGM
GSQFMRE'MMPI PSV #M RMGM (IZEW (>IMM) RY WYRX TIVJIGXI; RYQEM 7TMVMXYP IWXI
EWXJIP.
=SKE #M 1] (-PY^ME) 62. (YT GI E VIRYR'EX PE XSEXI JEPWIPI HSVMR'I #M E
EFERHSREX XSEXI PER'YVMPI (EXE#VMPSV) PYQI#XM, GIP GI YVQIE^ GEPIE =SKE (HI
YRMVI GY %FWSPYXYP) ZIHI GY WMKYVER' R TVSTVMYP 7MRI (%XQER) 7TMVMXYP
9RMZIVWEP (7MRIPI 9RMZIVWEP -
4EVEQXQ).
63. (YT GI E Z^YX 7TMVMXYP EGIWXE EHYGI JIVMGMVIE; R TVSTVMYP WTMVMX GY
ENYXSVYP )YPYM IP YMX EGIWX YRMZIVW #M WI FYGYV HI S JIVMGMVI MRIJEFMP HI
7EQHLM (TVSJYRH QIHMXE'MI R GEVI WI VIEPM^IE^ YRMXEXIE WYFMIGX-SFMIGX
HMRXVI 3Q #M (MZMRMXEXI).
64. 1] (MPY^ME) IWXI QEQE YRMZIVWYPYM. (MR RMGM YR EPX TVMRGMTMY
YRMZIVWYP RY E JSWX GVIEX; GRH EGIEWX 1] IWXI HMWXVYW GY WMKYVER'
PYQIE RY QEM I\MWX (GRH ZPYP MPY^MIM RGIXIE^ W RI QEM IGVERI^I ZIHIVIE
ETEVI %HIZVEXE 6IEPMXEXI).
65. 4IRXVY GIP GEVI EGIEWX PYQI RY IWXI HIGX XIVIRYP HI QERMJIWXEVI
EP 1], HIQR HI HMWTVI'YMX #M JV RMGM S ZEPSEVI, RY I\MWX RMGM S JIVMGMVI R
FSK'MM #M RMGM R TPGIVMPI XVYTYPYM.
66. %GIEWX PYQI ETEVI SEQIRMPSV WYF XVIM EWTIGXI HMJIVMXI:
TVMIXIRSEW, SWXMP SVM MRHMJIVIRX: E#E WI RXQTP QIVIY R IZIRMQIRXIPI #M
VIPE'MMPI PYQI#XM; IWXI HI EWIQIRIE S MPY^MI (VXGMVI) QSHYP R GEVI
WYFWXER'IPI WYRX GSRWMHIVEXI: FYRI, VIPI SVM MRHMJIVIRXI.
67. %GIP 7TMVMX YRMG, TVMR HMJIVIR'MIVI HIZMRI XEX, QEQ, 3Y, 3MG.
7GVMTXYVMPI 7EGVI EY HIQSRWXVEX G YRMZIVWYP IWXI YR NSG WEY S TVSMIG'MI E
-PY^MIM (1]). 'IP GI YVQIE^ GEPIE =SKE HMWXVYKI EGIWX YRMZIVW JIRSQIREP
GY ENYXSVYP %TEZHE (IPMQMREVIE HSKQIPSV #M GVIHMR'IPSV KVI#MXI) HRHY-#M
WIEQE G XSEXI TVSKVEQIPI IVSREXI WYRX RYQEM VI^YPXEXYP %HL]VSTE
(WYTVETYRIVMM; IGVERVMM; QEWGVMM; RZIPMVMM).
(I3RMVIE 4EVEQE ,ERWE9 68. 'RH S TIVWSER IWXI PMFIV HI MR3RMXIPI
HMWXMRG'MM #M WXVM HI I\MWXIR' TVIGYQ GEWX, MRHMZMHYEPMXEXI (WXVM #M RMZIPI HI
GSR#XMMR' EXE#EXI HI PYQIE JIRSQIREP) EXYRGM WI TSEXI WTYRI G IWXI S
MRXIPMKIR' MRHMZM^MFMP E4EX RXV-S TYV 9RMXEXI.
)QERE'ME SVM )ZSPY'ME 69. (YQRI^IY (%FWSPYXYP; &VELQER) E HSVMX W
GVII^I GVIEXYVMPI WEPI; XSX HMR ZSMR'E 7E E ZIRMX %ZMH] (MKRSVER'E) QEQE
EGIWXYM YRMZIVW JEPW (MRWXEFMP, JV I\MWXIR' TIVQERIRX #M MQYEFMP).
70. % PYEX RE#XIVI PIKXYVE HMRXVI &VELQER TYV #M %ZMH], HI YRHI W-E
VMHMGEX &VELQE, HMR GEVI E ZIRMX %OWLE ()XIVYP).
71. (MR %OWLE ()XIV) E IQEREX EIVYP; HMR EIV E ETVYX JSGYP; HMR JSG
ETE; HMR ET TQRXYP. %GIEWXE IWXI SVHMRIE WYFXMPIM IQERE'MM.
72. (MR IXIV E ETVYX EIVYP; HMR GSQFMRE'ME EIVYPYM #M IXIVYPYM E ETVYX
JSGYP; HMR XVMTPE GSQFMREVI E IXIVYPYM, EIVYPYM #M JSGYPYM E ETVYX ETE; HMR
GSQFMREVIE IXIVYPYM, EIVYPYM #M ETIM E JSWX TVSHYW TQRXYP (WXEVIE WSPMH HI
EKVIKEVI).
73. 'EPMXEXIE IXIVYPYM IWXI WYRIXYP; E EIVYPYM QM#GEVIE #M XEGXMPYP. *SVQE
IWXI GEPMXEXIE JSGYPYM, KYWXYP IWXI GEPMXEXIE ETIM, MEV QMVSWYP IWXI GEPMXEXIE
TQRXYPYM. 2MQIRM RY TSEXI RIKE EGIEWXE.
74. %OWLE EVI S WMRKYV GEPMXEXI; EIVYP HSY GEPMX'M, JSGYP XVIM, ETE
TEXVY MEV TQRXYP EVI GMRGM GEPMX'M, EHMG: WYRIX (TSEXI 3 EY^MX), GSRXEGX
(TSEXI 3 TMTMX; IWXI XERKMFMP,), KYWX, JSVQ #M QMVSW. %#E EY HIGPEVEX R'IPIT'MM.
76. *SVQE IWXI TIVGITYX TVMR SGLM, QMVSWYP TVMR REW, KYWXYP TVMR
PMQF, GSRXEGXYP TVMR TMIPI #M WYRIXYP TVMR YVIGLI. %GIWXIE WYRX SVKERIPI HI
TIVGIT'MI.
77. (MR -RXIPMKIR'E 'SWQMG E ETVYX XSX EGIWX YRMZIVW R QM#GEVI #M R
RIQM#GEVI; 3I G I\MWXIR'E WE TSEXI 3 HSZIHMX (HIHYW), 3I G RY,
%XSXGYTVMR^XSEVIE #M 9RMGE -RXIPMKIR'" XVIFYMI W I\MWXI.
%FWSVF'ME SVM -RZSPY'ME 78. 4QRXYP HIZMRI WYFXMP #M IWXI HM^SPZEX R ET
(GE WEVIE); ETE IWXI HM^SPZEX R JSG; #M R QSH WMQMPEV JSGYP WI EQIWXIG #M
IWXI EFWSVFMX HI EIV; EIVYP IWXI EFWSVFMX R IXIV, MEV IXIVYP IWXI EFWSVFMX R
%ZMH] (-KRSVER'), GEVI WI HM^SPZ PE VRHYP WY R 1EVIPI &VELQE.
79. 7YRX HSY JSV'I ZMOWLITE (IRIVKME GIRXVMJYK HI HI^MRXIKVEVI) #M
ZEVERE (IRIVKME GIRXVMTIX HI XVERWQYXE'MI) GEVI EY S QEVI TSXIR'MEPMXEXI #M
TYXIVI #M EP GVSV 'IP (JSVQ) IWXI JIVMGMVIE. 1EVIE 1] GRH IWXI RI-
MRXIPMKIRX #M QEXIVMEP, EVI XVIM RWY#MVM WEY XIRHMR'I (+YREW): WEXXZE
(IGLMPMFVY, VMXQ), VENEW (IRIVKMI, I\GMXE'MI) #M XEQE# (MRIV'MI, MRLMFM'MI).
80. *SVQE RIMRXIPMKIRX E -PY^MIM (1]) EGSTIVMX HI JSV'E ZEVERE
(IGVEREVI) WI QERMJIWX TI IE RW#M GE YRMZIVW, HEXSVMX REXYVMM JSV'IM
ZMOWLITE.
81. 'RH %ZMH]E EVI YR I\GIW HI XEQE# EXYRGM EGIEWXE WI QERMJIWX TI
WMRI, GE (YVKE; -RXIPMKIR'E GI S TVI^MHIE^ IWXI RYQMX WLZEVE.
81(E). 'RH %ZMH]E EVI YR I\GIW HI 7EXXZE WI QERMJIWX GE JVYQSEWE
0EOWLQM; -RXIPMKIR'E GEVI S TVI^MHIE^ IWXI RYQMX :MWLRY.
82. 'RH %ZMH]E EVI YR I\GIW HI VENEW, IE WI QERMJIWX GE #M ^IM'E
7EVEWZEX (^IM'E IPSGZIR'IM, IVYHM'MIM, MRXYM'MIM #M E GYZRXYPYM HMZMR;
MRZIRXEXSEVIE PMQFMM 7ERWOVMXI TEXVSERE EVXIPSV #M R WTIGMEP E QY^MGMM);
MRXIPMKIR'E GI S TVI^MHIE^ IWXI GYRSWGYX GE &VELQ.
83. >IM GE 7LMZE, &VELQ, :MWLRY #M EP'MM, XVIFYMI W 3I XS'M Z^Y'M GE
EWTIGXI EPI QEVIPYM 7TMVMX; XVYTYVMPI #M XSEXI SFMIGXIPI QEXIVMEPI WYRX HMJIVMXI
QERMJIWXVM EPI %ZMH]E.
84. R'IPITXYP E I\TPMGEX E#E GVIE'ME PYQMM: XEXXZEW (IPIQIRXI) #M RSR-
XEXXZEW (RSR-IPIQIRXI) WYRX EWXJIP TVSHYWI #M RY EPXGYQZE".
85. 8SEXI PYGVYVMPI WYRX Z^YXI GE 3RMXI (M^SPEXI #M HSXEXI GY GEPMX'M) #M
WSPMGMX ZEVMEXI HMWXMRG'MM, QEM EPIW TVMR GYZMRXI #M HIRYQMVM; HEV RY I\MWX RMGM
S HMJIVIR' VIEP R IWIR' (HYEPMXEXIE IWXI HSEV S ETEVIR'; GSRHIRWVMPI #M
WXVMPI HI EKVIKEVI EPI ETIM VQR XSX ET").
86. (I EGIIE, PYGVYVMPI RY I\MWX; HSEV QEVIPI #M KPSVMSWYP 9RY (%GIPE")
GEVI PI QERMJIWX, WMRKYV I\MWX; HI#M PYGVYVMPI WYRX JEPWI #M RIVIEPI, GE S
VI4I\MI E VIEPYPYM (TVSMIG'MM RXV-S SKPMRH), IPI TEV VIEPI TIRXVY XMQTYP R GYVW
(#M XVIFYMI EGGITXEXI HVITX GIIE GI WYRX: XIEXVYP HI TTY#M; QRY#M ERMQEXI
HI EGIIE#M VIEPMXEXI QIVIY ZMI).
87. )\MWX RYQEM EGIWX 9RMG )RXMXEXI (6IEPMXEXIE YRM3GEX; JIVMGMX,
RXVIEK #M EXSX-TXVYR^XSEVI) #M RMQMG EPXGIZE; HSEV GIP GEVI VIEPM^IE^
GSRWXERX EGIEWX 'YRSE#XIVI (I\TIVMQIRXEP R MRXIVMSV) IWXI IPMFIVEX HI
QSEVXI #M HI WYJIVMR'I R VSEXE PYQMM" (7EQWVE)11.
88. 'RH, TVMR GYRSE#XIVI EGIWXIE XSEXI HIZMR TIVGIT'MM MPY^SVMM (%VSTE)
#M TVMR VIWTMRKIVI MRXIPIGXYEP (%TEZHE; HMWGVMQMREVI :MZIOE), WYRX
RPXYVEXI GIPIPEPXI HSGXVMRI EXYRGM EGIWX YRMZIVW IWXI HM^SPZEX R 9RY; EXYRGM,
I\MWX EGIP 9RY #M RMQMG EPXGIZE; EXYRGM RYQEM %GIPE IWXI TIVGITYX GPEV HI
QMRXI.
/EVQE QFVEG TI .ZE GY LEMRE XVYTIEWG 89. (MR %RREQ]-/SWLE
(ZILMGYPYP 3^MG) EP XEXPYM, #M R EGSVH GY /EVQE XVIGYX, WY4IXYP YQER IWXI
VIMRGEVREX; (HMR GEY^ G ZILMGYPYP 3^MG PMQMXIE^ QM#GVMPI WY4IXYPYM)
R'IPITXYP GSRWMHIV EGIWX JVYQSW GSVT GE S TIHIETW, TIRXVY E RHYVE
IJIGXIPI /EVQIPSV (JETXIPSV) XVIGYXI.
90. %GIWX XIQTPY EP WYJIVMR'IPSV #M EP FYGYVMMPSV (GSVTYP YQER) GSRWXVYMX
HMR GEVRI, SEWI, RIVZM, QHYZ #M WRKI TIWXI GEVI WI WYTVETYRI 4VREQE]E-
/SWLE (ZILMGSPYP ZMXEP WEY WYFXMP) JSVQEX HMR GEREPI (RHM) WYFXMPI ?GEVI
EPMQIRXIE^ GY 4VERE XSEXI TV'MPI GSVTYPYMA IWXI RYQEM HI HVEKYP QRXYMVMM
(WEPZVMM #M MWT#MVMM) HI WYJIVMR'I.
91. %GIWX GSVT IWXI WPE#YP PYM &VELQE (4EYXYP TVMR GEVI GRX
(MZMRMXEXIE) #M IWXI GSQTYW HMR GIPI GMRGM IPIQIRXI; QEM IWXI GYRSWGYX WYF
RYQIPI HI &VELQRHE12 (SYP PYM &VELQE SVM QMGVSGSWQSW) #M E JSWX JGYX
TIRXVY E RZ'E, TVMR I\TIVMIR', FYGYVME R TPGIVI SVM WYJIVMR'E R HYVIVI
(GEPIE PIRX HI IPMFIVEVI; GEPIE TVSKVIWMZ TVMR RGIVGEVI #M IVSEVI).
92. (MR TVSTVME GSQFMREVI E 7TMVMXYPYM GEVI IWXI 7LMZE #M E 1EXIVMIM GEVI
IWXI 7LEOXM, #M TVMR MRXIVEG'MYRIE PSV MRIVIRX YRYP EWYTVE GIPYMPEPX, XSEXI
GVIEXYVMPI W-EY RWGYX.
93. R EGIWX YRMZIVW, RIRYQVEXIPI SFMIGXI QERMJIWXEXI (QEXIVMEPI,
HIRWI) WYRX TVSHYWI HMR GSQFMRE'ME RGMRGMX E XYXYVSV IPIQIRXIPSV WYFXMPI.
-RXIPMKIR'E, GEVI IWXI GSR'MRYX R IPI TVMR /EVQE, IWXI RYQMX .ZE (IKS)13.
8SEX EGIEWX PYQI HIVMZ HMR GIPI GMRGM IPIQIRXI. .ZE IWXI GIP GI WI
FYGYV HI JVYGXIPI EG'MYRMPSV.
94. R GSRJSVQMXEXI GY IJIGXIPI /EVQIPSV XVIGYXI EPI .ZEW, )Y VIKPI^
XSEXI HIWXMRIPI PSV. .ZE IWXI MQEXIVMEP #M WI E4 R XSEXI PYGVYVMPI; RW IP MRXV
R GSVTYP QEXIVMEP TIRXVY E WI FYGYVE HI JVYGXIPI OEVQIM.
95. 0IKE'M HI /EVQE PSV, R PER'YP QEXIVMIM, .ZEW TVMQIWG RYQI ZEVMEXI.
R EGIEWX PYQI, .ZEW ZMR QIVIY TIRXVY E 3 WYTY#M GSRWIGMR'IPSV EG'MYRMPSV
PSV (OEVQE).
96. 'RH JVYGXIPI OEVQIM EY JSWX GSRWYQEXI, .MZE IWXI EFWSVFMX R
4EVEFVELQER14.
'%4-83090 --
1MGVSGSWQSWYP (&VELQRHE)12 1. R EGIWX GSVT QYRXIPI 1IVY15 (EHMG:
GSPSERE ZIVXIFVEP) IWXI RGSRNYVEX HI #ETXI MRWYPI; I\MWX VYVM, QVM, QYR'M,
GQTMM; HI EWIQIRIE I\MWX VIKM (#M ^IM) EM HSQIRMMPSV.
2. )\MWX R RSM Z^XSVM #M R'IPIT'M; (WYRX EMGM #M EGYQ, R RSM R#MRI)
XSEXI WXIPIPI #M TPERIXIPI. )\MWX PSGYVM WEGVI HI TIPIVMREN #M EPXEVI; HEV #M
^IMX'M GEVI TVI^MHIE^ EGIWXI EPXEVI.
3. 7SEVIPI #M 0YRE GEVI WYRX EKIR'M EM GVIE'MIM #M HMWXVYKIVMM WI QM#G HI
EWIQIRIE #M R MRXIVMSV. )XIVYP, EIVYP, JSGYP, ETE #M TQRXYP WYRX HI
EWIQIRIE EGSPS (XSXYP WI E4 R 3IGEVI TEVXI, TVIXYXMRHIRM).
'IRXVIPI RIVZSEWI ('LEOVE)16 4. 8SEXI 3MR'IPI GEVI I\MWX R GIPI XVIM
PYQM TSX 3 HI EWIQIRIE KWMXI R GSVT; RGSRNYVRH 1IVY IPI WYRX ERKENEXI R
JYRG'MM TVIGMWI.
5. (RW SQYP SFM#RYMX RY GYRSE#XI EGIEWXE). 'IP GI SF'MRI GYRSE#XIVIE
HMVIGX HIWTVI XSEXI EGIWXIE IWXI GIP GI YVQIE^ GEPIE =SKE; RY IWXI RHSMEP
EWYTVE EGIWXYM PYGVY.
6. R EGIWX GSVT GEVI QEM IWXI RYQMX #M &VELQRHE (QMGVSGSWQSW, SYP
YRMZIVWYPYM) I\MWX S PYR GY VE^I HI RIGXEV, TPEWEX R ZVJYP #MVIM WTMRVMM; IE
EVI STX TIXEPI /EPW (R JSVQE HI WIQMGIVG).
7. %GIEWX 4SEVI (0SXYW) EVI JE'E R NSW #M HMR IE TMGYV RIGXEV
(EQFVS^ME RIQYVMVMM) ^M #M RSETXI. %QFVS^ME R GSRXMRYEVI WI WYFHMZMHI R HSY
TV'M WYFXMPI; 8. 9RE HMRXVI EGIWXIE XVIGI TVMR GEREPYP (2HM) RYQMX -H, QIVKI
TVMR GSVT TIRXVY EP LVRM, GE ETIPI GIVIWGYPYM +ERKI; GY WMKYVER' EGIEWX
EQFVS^MI LVRI#XI RXVIKYP GSVT TVMR GEREPYP -H.
9. %GIEWX VE^ (PYREV) HI PETXI XVIGI TVMR TEVXIE WXRK. 'IEPEPX
VE^, GEVI IWXI WXVPYGMXSEVI GE GIP QEM TYV PETXI #M IWXI M^ZSVYP QEVMM FYGYVMM,
MRXV TI GEPIE HMR QMNPSG (RYQMX 7YWLYQR) R QHYZE HMR #MVE WTMRVMM, R
WGSTYP HI E TIVQMXI EPMQIRXEVIE (EYXS RXVI'MRIVIE) EGIWXYM 0SXYW (EP 0YRMM).
10. 0E FE^E QYRXIPYM 1IVY WI E4 YR 7SEVI GY 12 TIXEPI (/EPW). 4I
GEPIE HMR HVIETXE (4MRKEP) WXTRYP GVIEXYVMPSV XVERWTSVX (4YMHYP) TVMR VE^IPI
WEPI R WYW.
11. 'Y WMKYVER' EGIWXE RKLMXI WIGVI'MMPI ZMXEPI #M RIGXEVYP, XVERWTMVEX
HI VE^I. QTVIYR GY EXQSWJIVE, WSEVIPI WI QM#G TVMR RXVIKYP GSVT.
12. 'EREPYP (2HM) HMR TEVXIE HVIETX (4MRKEP) IWXI S EPX JSVQ E
WSEVIPYM, #M IWXI HXXSVYP -PYQMRVMM (2MVZERIM)17. 7XTRYP GVIE'MIM HEV #M EP
HMWXVYKIVMM (WSEVIPI) WI QM#G R EGIWX ZEW TVMR WIQRIPI IGPMTXMGI JEZSVEFMPI.
(MEKVEQ XMFIXER GEVI EVEX REHMW TVIGYQ #M GLEOVEW QENSVI #M QMRSVI
'EREPIPI WYFXMPI (2HMW)18 13. R GSVTYP SQYPYM WYRX 350.000 RHMW;
HMRXVI IPI TVMRGMTEPI WYRX TEXVYWTVI^IGI; 14-15. 7YWLYQR, -H, 4MRKEP,
+RHLVM, ,EWXMNMLZMO, /YLY, 7EVEWZEX, 4YW, 7EROLMRM, 4E]EWZERM, :VYRM,
%PYQFYW, :MWLZSHEVM #M =EWLEWZERM. 4VMQIPI XVIM GEREPI (7YWLYQR, -H #M
4MRKEP) WYRX GIPI TVMRGMTEPI, GEVI PI GSRXVSPIE^ TI XSEXI GIPIPEPXI.
16. RXVI EGIWXIE XVIM, 7YWLYQR IWXI GIP QEM REPX #M QEM MYFMX HI GIM GI
TVEGXMG =SKE. 'IPIPEPXI GEREPI M WYRX WYFSVHSREXI EGIWXYME R GSVTYP (WYFXMP
EP) SQYPYM.
17. 8SEXI EGIWXI TVMRGMTEPI RHMW (ZEWI) EY KYVMPI RHVITXEXI R NSW #M
WYRX GE RM#XI 3VI WYF'MVM HI PSXYW. )PI WYRX WYW'MRYXI XSEXI HI GSPSERE
ZIVXIFVEP #M VITVI^MRX WSEVIPI, PYRE #M JSGYP (/YRHEPMRM).
18. 'IP QEM MRXMQ HMRXVI EGIWXI XVIM IWXI 'LMXVE; EGIWXE IWXI GIP QEM MYFMX
HI QMRI. R 7YWLYQRE, WI E4 GIP QEM WYFXMP HMRXVI XSEXI GEZMX'MPI (GEREPIPI),
RYQMX &VELQEVERHLVE19.
19. 7XVPYGMXSV GY MVM^E'MM R GMRGM GYPSVM, TYV, QM#GRHY-WI R QMNPSGYP
7YWLYQR, EGIWX 'LMXVE IWXI TEVXIE ZMXEP E GSVTYPYM #M GIRXVYP 7YWLYQR (R
KSPYP GIRXVEP EP QHYZIM HMR #MVE WTMRVMM).
20. %GIWXE E JSWX RYQMX R 7LWXVE, 'EPIE GXVI 'IV (GXVI 9PXMQE
6IEPMXEXI); EGIWX GEREP (2HMW) IWXI HXXSVYP FYGYVMIM #M EP RIQYVMVMM;
TEVGYVKRH (GSRXIQTPRH) EGIEWX GEPI MRXIVMSEV 1EVIPI =SKMR TSEXI
HMWXVYKI XSEXI TGEXIPI.
6IKMYRIE TIPZMER 21. (SY HIKIXI HIEWYTVE VIGXYPYM #M HSY HIKIXI
WYF SVKER IWXI HLEVE20, YR PSXYW EZRH HMQIRWMYRIE HI TEXVY HIKIXI.
22. R TIVMGEVTYP PSXYWYPYM HLEVE WI E4 S JVYQSEW QEXVMGI ?=SRMA
XVMYRKLMYPEV EWGYRW #M 'MRYX WIGVIX R XSEXI 8ERXVEW21.
23. R EGIWX PSXYW WI E4 WYTVIQE ^IM' /YRHEPMRM, GEVI EVI
GEVEGXIVMWXMGMPI JSGYPYM (IPIGXVMGMX'M) #M S JSVQ RGSPGMX. /YRHEPMRM EVI XVIM
WTMVI #M NYQXEXI (GE YR #EVTI) #M IWXI EQTPEWEX R KYVE 7YWLYQR.
24. (>IM'E /YRHEPMRM22) VITVI^MRX JSV'E GVIEXMZ E PYQMM, GEVI IWXI
RXSXHIEYRE MQTPMGEX R GVIE'MI. /YRHEPMRM 7LEOXM IWXI #M ^IM'E ZSVFMVMM EP GVIM
KVEM RY TSEXI 3 EY^MX (QERMJIWXEX) #M GEVI IWXI PYHEX HI XS'M ^IMM.
25. 2HM (GEREPYP), RYQMX -H, IWXI WMXYEX R TEVXIE WXRK, #M, HYT GI
RGSPGI#XI 7YWLYQRE, MIWI TVMR REVE HVIETX.
26. 4MRKEPE IWXI YR GEREP WMXYEX R TEVXIE HVIETX; IP RJ#SEV GEREPYP
GIRXVEP (7YWLYQRE) #M MRXV TVMR REVE WXRK.
27. 2HM WMXYEX RXVI -H #M 4MRKEPE IWXI RYQMX 7YWLYQRE. )P EVI #EWI
WXEHMM, #EWI JSV'I #M #EWI PSXY#M GYRSWGY'M HI =SKMRM.
28. 4VMQIPI GMRGM XVITXI EPI 7YWLYQRIM WYRX GYRSWGYXI WYF HMJIVMXI
RYQI; 3MRH RIGIWEVI IPI EY JSWX HI^ZPYMXI (TVI^IRXEXI) R EGIEWX GEVXI.
29. 'IPIPEPXI GEREPI GI WI VMHMG HMR 1YPHLEVE, QIVK R ZEVMEXI TV'M EPI
GSVTYPYM, HI I\IQTPY: PMQF, SVKERI WI\YEPI, SGLM, TMGMSEVI, GPGMI, YVIGLM,
EFHSQIR, WYF'MSEV, HIKIXI (QMRM), WGVSXYQ #M ERYW. 0YRH RE#XIVI HMR PSGYP
EQMRXMX IPI WI STVIWG PE HIWXMRE'MMPI HIWGVMWI ERXIVMSV.
30. (MR XSEXI EGIWXI (TEXVYWTVI^IGI) 2HMW (TVMRGMTEPI) MEY RE#XIVI
KVEHEX EPXI VEQYVM #M WYFVEQYVM E#E G R GIPI HMR YVQ ENYRK PE YR RYQV HI
350.000, #M EPMQIRXIE^ XSEXI ^SRIPI GSVTYPYM.
31. %GIWXI 2HMW WYRX VWTRHMXI PSRKMXYHMREP #M XVERWZIVWEP TVMR GSVT;
IPI WYRX ZILMGYPI EPI WIR^E'MMPSV #M GSRXVSPIE^ QM#GEVIE IXIVYPYM (4VERE)
VIKPRH HI EWIQIRIE JYRG'MMPI QSXSEVI23.
32. R EFHSQIR EVHI JSGYP (GEVI HMKIV LVERE) WMXYEX R QMNPSGYP WJIVIM
WSEVIPYM GI EVI HSYWTVI^IGI TIXEPI; IWXI GYRSWGYX GE JSGYP PYM :EMWZREVE;
EGIWX JSG IWXI RWGYX HMRXV-S TSV'MYRI E TVSTVMIM RSEWXVI IRIVKMM #M HMKIV
HMJIVMXIPI XMTYVM HI EPMQIRXI, GEVI ENYRK RYRXVYP GSVTYVMPSV GVIEXYVMPSV.
33. %GIWX JSG GVI#XI ZME'E, H TYXIVI #M LVRI#XI; IP JEGI GSVTYP TPMR HI
(GPHYV #M) IRIVKMI, #M HMWXVYKRH XSEXI FSPMPI GSRJIV MRZYPRIVEFMPMXEXI
(MQYRMXEXI PE QFSPRZMVI; WRXEXI).
34. R'IPITXYP GI YVQIE^ GEPIE =SKE ETVMRHI EGIWX JSG EP PYM :EMWZREVE
HYT GYZIRMXIPI VMXYEPYVM, #M XVIFYMI W WEGVM3GI LVER ^MPRMG TIRXVY
RXVI'MRIVIE PYM, R GSRJSVQMXEXI GY RZ'XYVMPI XVERWQMWI HI GXVI QEIWXVYP
WY WTMVMXYEP (+YVY, (YQRI^IY).
35. %GIWX GSVT RYQMX &VELQRHE (QMGVSGSWQSW) EVI QYPXI TV'M, RW
(R EGIEWX GEVXI) EQ IRYQIVEX TI GIPI QEM MQTSVXERXI HMRXVI IPI, GEVI
XVIFYMI W 3I GYRSWGYXI.
36. :EVMEXI WYRX RYQIPI PSV #M RIRYQVEXI WYRX PSGYVMPI R EGIWX GSVT
YQER; RW RY TSX 3 XSEXI IRYQIVEXI EMGM.
.ZXQ 37. R XVYTYP EWXJIP HIWGVMW, PSGYMI#XI .ZE13, EXSXTXVY^XSVYP,
RJVYQYWI'EX GY S KLMVPERH HI HSVMR'I JV WJV#MX #M RPR'YMX (HI GSVT) HI
OEVQE (HI HIWXMR, EG'MYRM #M HI WXEVIE GSR#XMMR'IM HI ZIKLI, EXE#EX HI PYQIE
JIRSQIREP).
38. .ZE, R^IWXVEX GY QYPXI GEPMX'M #M EKIRX EP XYXYVSV IZIRMQIRXIPSV, WI
FYGYV HI JVYGXYP ZEVMEXIPSV /EVQI EGYQYPEXI R ZME'E XVIGYX.
39. 3VMGI IWXI Z^YX TVMRXVI SEQIRM (TPGIVI SVM HYVIVI) IWXI HEXSVEX
OEVQIM. 8SEXI GVIEXYVMPI WI FYGYV SVM WYJIV, R JYRG'MI HI VI^YPXEXIPI
EG'MYRMPSV PSV (VI'MRYXI R TVSKVEQYP OEVQIM).
40. (SVMR'IPI (WEY EXE#EVIE TS^MXMZ) #M VITYPWMMPI (WEY EXE#EVIE RIKEXMZ
YRISVM MRWXMRGXYEP, MVE'MSREP), GEVI HIXIVQMR TPGIVIE SVM HYVIVIE (R
EGIEWX ZME'), EG'MSRIE^ R GSRJSVQMXEXI GY QIQSVME JETXIPSV HMR ZMI'MPI
TVIGIHIRXI (/EVQE), TVMR GEVI E XVIGYX .ZE.
41. .ZE, GEVI E EGYQYPEX YR I\GIW HI EG'MYRM FYRI #M ZMVXYSEWI,
TVMQI#XI S ZME' JIVMGMX; R PYQI IP WI RXPRI#XI GY PYGVYVM TPGYXI #M FYRI
TIRXVY E WI FYGYVE, JV RMGM S XYPFYVEVI.
42. R VETSVX GY JIPYP OEVQIM SQYP RHYV HYVIVI SVM TPGIVI. .ZE GEVI E
EGYQYPEX YR I\GIW HI HEXSVMM (GEY^EXI HI JETXIPI VIPI), RMGMSHEX RY ZE 3
PWEX R TEGI; HSEV TVMR =SKE IP WI TSEXI IPMFIVE HI OEVQE WE; R EJEV HI
OEVQE, RMQMG RY IWXI R PYQI. (MR -RXIPMKIR'E'SWQMG RZPYMX (IGVEREX) HI
1], XSEXI PYGVYVMPI W-EY RWGYX #M EY IZSPYEX.
43. (MJIVMXI GVIEXYVM WI REWG TIRXVY E RHYVE GSRWIGMR'IPI OEVQIM PSV
RXV-YR ERSXMQT TSXVMZMX; E#E GYQ HMR KVI#IEP S TIVP IWXI PYEX HVITX EVKMRX,
XSX EWXJIP HMR GEY^E EPXIVVMM TVSTVMIM WEPI OEVQI, YR SQ WI R#IEP
GSRWMHIVRH YRMZIVWYP VIPEXMZ HVITX S VIEPMXEXI EFWSPYX (&VELQER) ?VIEPMXEXIE
JIRSQIREP IWXI PYEX HVITX WYTVIQE EYXSVMXEXIA24.
44. 8SEXI EGIWXI MPY^MM MEY RE#XIVI HMR GEY^E EXE#VMM HI PYQIE
JIRSQIREP (HSVMR'I); IPI TSX 3 IVEHMGEXI GY QEVI HM3GYPXEXI; HSEV EXYRGM
GRH ETEVI GYRSE#XIVIE I\TIVMQIRXEP E 9PXMQIM 6IEPMX'M, GVI#XI #M
GYRSE#XIVIE WEPZEXSEVI E RIVIEPMX'MM PYQMM; HSEV EXYRGM WYRX HMWXVYWI XSEXI
HSVMR'IPI.
45. *MMRH EFWSVFMX #M EXE#EX HI PYQIE QERMJIWXEX (VIPEXMZ, JIRSQIREP,
XVER^MXSVMI) ETEVI MRHYGIVIE R IVSEVI EWYTVE EGIPYME GEVI IWXI M^ZSVYP
QERMJIWXVMM (7YFMIGXYP; 'VIEXSVYP). 2Y I\MWX RMGM S EPX GEY^ E EGIWXIM MPY^MM;
GLMEV EGIWXE IWXI EHIZVYP.
46. -PY^ME PYQMM QERMJIWXEXI (1E]E)25 IWXI HMWXVYW EXYRGM GRH
6IEPM^EXSVYP (-^ZSVYP) QERMJIWXVMM HIZMRI QERMJIWX (TIVGITYX I\TIVMQIRXEP
TVMR XVMVIE ERGSVVMM R 9PXMQE 6IEPMXEXI). %GIEWX MPY^MI RY RGIXIE^ EXX
XMQT GX GMRIZE KRHI#XI &VELQER RY IWXI"26.
47. (EG SEQIRMM EV TVMZM R MRXIVSV #M EV I\TPSVE (HMRGSPS HI WYTVEJE')
TVSJYR^MQMPI QEXIVMIM (4VEOVMXM)27, EGIEWX JEPW GYRSE#XIVI EV HMWTEVI; %PXJIP
RY TSEXI 3 RHITVXEX -PY^ME #M WMHIJYP TIVPIM GSRXMRY W 3I PYEX HVITX EVKMRX.
48. %XX XMQT GX RY ETEVI GYRSE#XIVIE HIWTVI %GIPE (JV TEX) GEVI E
QERMJIWXEX XSXYP (9PXMQE 6IEPMXEXI, &VELQER), PYGVYVMPI ZSV GSRXMRYE W 3I
GSRWMHIVEXI WITEVEXI #M HMZIVWI (WI QIR'MRI ETEVIR'E QYPXMTPMGMX'MM)28.
49. 'RH EGIWX GSVT, SF'MRYX TVMR OEVQE IWXI XVERWJSVQEX R QMNPSG,
TIRXVY E SF'MRI 2MVZERE (FIEXMXYHMRIE YRMX'MM GY (MZMRMXEXIE), HSEV EXYRGM
TYVXEVIE QTSZVXSVYPYM GSVT ENYRKI PE JVYGX (IWXI VSHMXSEVI), RY EPXQMRXIVM.
50. (I SVMGI REXYV EV 3 HSVMR'E SVMKMREV (ZWER)29 IE IWXI EXE#EX
(PMTMX) #M RWS'I#XI .ZE (R GYVWYP ZEVMEXIPSV WEPI MRGEVRVM); WMQMPEV IWXI
MPY^ME TI GEVI EGIWXE S WYJIV, R JYRG'MI HI JETXIPI #M KVI#IPMPI WEPI.
51. (EG TVEGXMGERXYP =SKE MRXIR'MSRIE^ W XVEZIVWI^I HMRGSPS HMR
SGIERYP PYQMM, IP XVIFYMI W RHITPMRIEWG XSEXI HEXSVMMPI GSRHM'MIM WEPI HI
ZME' (EWLVEQE) VIRYR'RH PE XSEXI JVYGXIPI EG'MYRMPSV WEPI30.
52. 4IVWSERIPI EXE#EXI HI SFMIGXIPI WMQ'YVMPSV #M GIPI HSVMXSEVI HI
TPGIVM WIR^SVMEPI (#M WIR^YEPI) TMIVH HVYQYP 2MVZERIM (-PYQMRVMM), EQKM'M HI
MPY^ME (GYRSE#XIVMM #M TYXIVMM) TVIE QYPXSV ZSVFI, SEQIRMM GEH R EG'MYRM
TGXSEWI.
53. 'RH S TIVWSER RY QEM ZIHI RMQMG EPXGIZE EMGM NSW (GRH WI
HIXE#IE^ HI RMZIPYP JIRSQIREP), IP ZIHI 7MRIPI (%XQER) R PSG HI IKS (.ZE);
EXYRGM RY QEM I\MWX TGEX (TIRXVY IP) #M VIRYR' PE XSEXI EG'MYRMPI VMXYEPI
(I\XIVMSEVI, QMQEXI, GEVI GEYX VI^YPXEXYP JVYGXYP). %GIEWXE IWXI TVIVIE
MRM'ME'MPSV #M E QIE.
54. 8SEXI HSVMR'IPI #M EXE#VMPI (HI PYQIE WYGGIWMYRMM HMEGVSRMG; R
GSRXMRY XVERWJSVQEVI) WYRX HM^SPZEXI RYQEM TVMR 'YRSE#XIVIE HMVIGX
(+RSWMW; .RE) E VIEPMX'MM MQYEFMPI (WMRGVSRMGI; TIVQERIRXI), #M RY EPXJIP.
'RH XSEXI TVMRGMTMMPI (XEXXZEW)31 QMRSVI, RGIXIE^ W QEM I\MWXI, EXYRGM
4VMRGMTMYP 1IY HIZMRI QERMJIWXEX (VIEPMXEXIE JIRSQIREP HIZMRI XVERWTEVIRX
I\TVMQRH GEVEGXIVMWXMGMPI 9PXMQIM 6IEPMX'M).
'%4-83090 ---
(IWTVI TVEGXMGE =SKE. :]YW (7Y4YVMPI)32 1. R MRMQ I\MWX YR PSXYW
WXVPYGMXSV GY HSYWTVI^IGI TIXEPI QTSHSFMX GY WIQRI WXVPYGMXSEVI. )P EVI
GIPI HSYWTVI^IGI PMXIVI WYFPMQI HI PE OPE XL (EHMG: O, OL, K, KL, , G, GL, N, NL,
, #, #L).
2. 4VERE PSGYMI#XI EMGM QTSHSFMX GY HMJIVMXI HSVMR'I RWS'MXI HI
EG'MYRMPI XVIGYXI, GEVI RY EY YR RGITYX #M WYRX EWSGMEXI GY IKSMWQYP
(ELEOVE).
?2SX MRMQE WI KWI#XI R GIRXVYP YRHI WI E4 WQR'E TYPWEXSVMI
VITVI^IRXEX HI WMQFSPYP WSRSV: =%1.A 3. (I PE HMJIVMXIPI QSHM3GVM EPI
GEVEGXIVMWXMGMPSV 4VERE, EGIEWXE E TVMQMX HMZIVWI RYQI; XSEXI RY TSX 3
QIR'MSREXI EMGM.
4. 4VERE, ETRE, WEQRE, YHRE, Z]RE, RKE, OYVQE, OVMOEVE,
HIZEHEXXE #M HLERERNE]E.
5. %GIWXIE WYRX GIPI ^IGI RYQI TVMRGMTEPI HIWGVMWI HI QMRI R EGIEWX
7LWXVE; IPI RHITPMRIWG XSEXI JYRG'MMPI HMR SVKERMWQ #M MRGMX PE EGIEWXE TVMR
TVSTVME PSV EG'MYRI.
6. (MRXVI GIPI ^IGI, TVMQIPI GMRGM WYRX GSRHYGXSEVI; GLMEV HMRXVI
EGIWXIE 4VERE #M %TRE WYRX GIM QEM REP'M EKIR'M, R STMRME QIE.
7. 7IHMYP 4VERIM IWXI ^SRE GEVHMEG (MRMQE); MEV WIHMYP ETRE ^SRE
WI\YEP (ERYWYP); WIHMYP WEQRE WI E4 R VIKMYRIE TPI\YPYM WSPEV (WYF FYVMG);
WIHMYP YHRE, IWXI R ^SRE KXYPYM; R XMQT GI Z]RE WI QM#G TVMR XSX GSVTYP.
8. 'IPIPEPXI GMRGM WY4YVM (Z]YW) VQEWI (REKE, IXG.), RHITPMRIWG R XVYT
YVQXSEVIPI JYRG'MM: VKMEP (ZSQ), HIWGLMHIVIE SGLMPSV, (EGXMZEVIE GSVTYPYM
#M E ^SRIPSV GSVXMGEPI GSVIWTSRHIRXI) JSEQI #M WIXI, GWGEX, #M R 3RI,
WYKLM'EX.
9. 'IP GEVI GYRSE#XI R EGIWX QSH QMGVSGSWQSWYP GSVTYPYM WY, IWXI
EFWSPZMX HI XSEXI TGEXIPI #M EXMRKI GIE QEM REPX WXEVI (WXEVIE MRZYPRIVEFMP
PE TIVXYVFE'MMPI HMR PYQIE JIRSQIREP: IRWXE^E)33.
+YVY (1EIWXVYP WTMVMXYEP)34 10. %GYQ Z ZSM WTYRI GI Y#SV IWXI W
EXMRKM WYGGIWYP R =SKE (6IEPM^EVIE YRMYRMM GY %FWSPYXYP) TVMR GYRSE#XIVIE
GVIME (GYRSE#XIVI I\TIVMQIRXEP MRXIVMSEV) =SKMRYP RY I#YIE^ RMGMSHEX.
11. 2YQEM GYRSE#XIVIE HVYMX HI +YVY, TVMR FY^IPI WEPI IWXI TYXIVRMG
#M JSPSWMXSEVI (HSEV TMPSXEVIE TVMR EWGYPXEVI IWXI I3GMIRX); EPXJIP IE HIZMRI
RIJVYGXM3GEFMP, WPEF SVM JSEVXI TPMR HI WYJIVMR'I (HYVIVSEW).
12. (SEV GIP GEVI IWXI HIZSXEX SVMGVIM GYRSE#XIVM (GEVI IWXI ZMH, JV
TVINYHIG'M), EGSVHRH +YVYPYM XSEX EWGYPXEVIE (EXIR'ME; TVIHEVIE;
EWGYPXEVIE) SF'MRI Y#SV JVYGXYP EGIPIM GYRSE#XIVM35.
13. 2Y IWXI RMGM GIE QEM QMG RHSMEP G +YVY XVIFYMI GSRWMHIVEX PE
RGITYX GE XEX #M QEQ WMQYPXER #M GLMEV HVITX (YQRI^IY; IP XVIFYMI WIVZMX
GY KRHYP, GYZRXYP #M JETXE HI GXVI XS'M HMWGMTSPMM WM.
14. 4VMR JEZSEVIE YRYM +YVY SVMGI FYR HSVMX HI GMRIZE (PIKEX HI IZSPY'ME
WTMVMXYEP) TSEXI 3 SF'MRYX. (I EGIIE YR +YVY (EHIZVEX) XVIFYMI W 3I
EWGYPXEX ^MPRMG; EPXJIP RMQMG RY TSEXI 3 HI FYR EYKYV.
15. 1EIWXVYP WTMVMXYEP (+YVY) XVIFYMI W 3I WEPYXEX, HYT GI E JSWX
RGSRNYVEX HI XVIM SVM #M GY QRE HVIETX E JSWX EXMRW TMGMSVYP WY HI PSXYW.
%HLMOVM ?%XMXYHMRM GSVIGXI; VIKYPM HI KYZIVREVIA 16. 4IVWSERE, GEVI EVI
GSRXVSP EWYTVE WE, EXMRKI GY EHIZVEX WYGGIWYP TVMR GVIHMR'36; RMGM S EPXE RY
TSEXI VIY#M.
(I EGIIE, GY (VHGMRE R) GVIHMR'E (VIEPM^EX R YVQE GSRXEGXYPYM
I\TIVMQIRXEP GY %FWSPYXYP) XVIFYMI W 3I TVEGXMGEX GY KVMN =SKE (TIRXVY E RY
TMIVHI EGIWX GSRXEGX) #M GY TIVWIZIVIR' (GSRXMRYMXEXI).
17. 'IM GEVI WYRX RGPMRE'M WTVI TPGIVM (WIR^YEPI) SVM GEVI WI QIR'MR RXV-
S GSQTERMI VIE, GIM GEVI RY GVIH, #M GEVI RY EY VIWTIGX TIRXVY QEIWXVYP PSV,
GIM GEVI TEVXMGMT PE KVYTVM GI TVSTEK TVSQMWGYMXEXIE, GIM GEVI QMRX, WEY
GSQMX JEPWYVM #M GIM GEVI WI PEW ERXVIRE'M R GSRXVSZIVWI MRYXMPI, GIM GEVI WYRX
GVY^M (R KRHYVM, PMQFEN #M JETXI) #M GIM GEVI RY HEY EWGYPXEVIE RIGIWEV
QEIWXVYPYM PSV, RY ZSV EXMRKI RMGMSHEX WYGGIWYP.
18. 4VMQE GSRHM'MI TIRXVY E SF'MRI WYGGIWYP IWXI GVIHMR'E JIVQ G
:MH]E (4EVE-:MH]; 'YRSE#XIVIE WTMVMXYEP) XVIFYMI W YVQI^I #M W WI
JVYGXM3GI; E HSYE GSRHM'MI IWXI W EM RGVIHIVI (GVIHMR' R :MH]) ?R
I\TIVMIR'E WTMVMXYEP, GEVI TIVQMXI EGGIWYP PE -PYQMREVI (4EVE-:MH])37A; E
XVIME IWXI VIWTIGXYP JE' HI +YVY; E TEXVE IWXI WTMVMXYP HI IKEPMXEXI (QIRXEP)
YRMZIVWEP; E GMRGIE IWXI HIXE#EVIE WIR^SVMEP; E #EWIE GSRHM'MI IWXI EGIIE
HI E QRGE QSHIVEX (EPMQIRXE'MI WEXXZMG); EGIWXIE WYRX XSEXI GSRHM'MMPI, GGM
RY I\MWX S E #ETXIE (GSRHM'MI).
19. (YT GI E TVMQMX MRWXVYG'MYRM R =SKE #M E JSWX EGGITXEX HI GXVI YR
+YVY GEVI GYRSE#XI =SKE HMWGMTSPYP XVIFYMI W TVEGXMGI GY TEWMYRI #M GVIHMR'
(R EGSVH GY QIXSHE TVIHEX HI TVSJIWSV; JV W GEYXI WEXMWJEG'MM I\XIVMSEVI
IJSVXYPYM RXVITVMRW).
%PIKIVIE PSGYPYM #M GSRHM'MMPSV JEZSVEFMPITVEGXMGMM =SKE 20. 0EW =SKMRYP
W QIEVK RXV-YR PSG VIXVEW, JVYQSW #M TPGYX SVM RXV-S RGTIVI PMRM#XMX; W
MRXVI R TS^M'ME TEHQEWERE (PSXYW), E#I^RHY-WI TI YR PSG EGSTIVMX GY S
VSKSNMR (JGYX HMR MEVFE /YWE; VIKR ZIKIXEP) #M W RGIET W TVEGXMGI
E#I^EVIE (GSRXVSPYP ZM^RH E#I^EVIE WEY WYWTIRHEVIE 4YGXYE'MMPSV QIRXEPI #M
WSQEXMGI) #M WXEFMPM^EVIE VIWTMVE'MIM.
21. RGITXSVYP R'IPITX XVIFYMI W-#M 'MR GSVTYP RIGPMRXMX (MQSFMP, GY #MVE
WTMRVMM ZIVXMGEP) #M MR4I\MFMP (GE #M GYQ EV 3 PIKEX SVM MQSFMPM^EX HMR I\XIVMSV)
GY QMRMPI YRMXI GE RXV-S VYKGMYRI, #M W WEPYXI +YVY R TEVXIE WXRK (WXEVI
HI VIGYRS#XMR' TVI^IR'E PMHIVYPYM WTMVMXYEP IWXI WEPYXEX #M EXYRGM GRH
TIVWSERE WE IWXI EFWIRX).
)P XVIFYMI HI EWIQIRIE W-P WEPYXI TI +ERIWLE, R TEVXIE HVIETX, #M
ETSM TI KEVHMIRMM PYQMPSV #M TI ^IM'E %QFMOE, GEVI WI E4 R TEVXIE WXRK.
4VRE]QE ('SRXVSPYP 4VERIM WEY EP VIWTMVE'MIM)38 22. %TSM, R'IPITXYP
TVEGXMGERX XVIFYMI W RGLMH GY HIKIXYP QEVI EP QMRMM HVITXI, REVE HVIETX
(TMRKEPE), #M W MRWTMVI EIV TVMR -H (REVE WXRK); W 'MR EIVYP R MRXIVMSV
WYWTIRHRH ZSPYRXEV MRWTMVE'ME GX HI QYPX TSEXI; #M HYT EGIIE PEW-P W
I\TMVI RGIX, #M RY JSV'EX, TVMR REVE HVIETX.
23. (MR RSY, XVIFYMI W MRWTMVI TVMR REVE HVIETX, #M W-#M STVIEWG
VIWTMVE'ME GX XMQT TYXIVIE PYM M TIVQMXI; ETSM PEW-P W I\TMVI EIVYP TVMR REVE
WXRK, RY JSV'EX GM, GX QEM RGIX #M QEM GEPQ (FPRH).
24. R EGSVH GY QIXSHE HMR =SKE, MRHMGEX QEM WYW, XVIFYMI W TVEGXMGI
HSY^IGM HI STVMVM EPI VIWTMVE'MIM (OYQFLEOEW)39. )P XVIFYMI W TVEGXMGI
EGIEWXE ^MPRMG (JV RIKPMNIR' SVM PIRI) JV W WI JSV'I^I TVIE QYPX #M PMFIV (GY
QMRXIE ZMH, IKEP, RITIVXYVFEX) HI SVMGI JEGXSVM ERXEKSRM#XM (HI MYFMVI #M
YV; HI RHSMEP, GSQTIXM'MI SVM KVEF; GY XSEX EXIR'ME R" GIIE GI JEGM MEV RY
HYT" VI^YPXEXIPI I\XIVMSEVI).
25. %GIWXI VI'MRIVM EPI VIWTMVE'MIM (OYQFLEOE) XVIFYMI W 3I TVEGXMGEXI
HI TEXVY SVM ^MPRMG: (1) S HEX, HIZVIQI HMQMRIE'E, PE VWVMXYP WSEVIPYM; (2) PE
TVR^; (3) PE ETYW; (4) PE QMNPSGYP RST'MM (WI MRXVSHYGI S TIVMSEH WXEFMP HI
#EWI SVI, GEVI RY IWXI QSHM3GEX; VI^YPXEXYP SF'MRYX IWXI EQTPM3GEX HI
VIEPM^EVIE YRSV VI4I\I GSRHM'MSREXI).
26. (EG EGIEWX VI'MRIVI E VIWTMVE'MIM E JSWX TVEGXMGEX ^MPRMG, XMQT HI
XVIM PYRM, GY VIKYPEVMXEXI, EXYRGM REHMW-YVMPI GSVTYPYM (GEREPIPI WYFXMPI
IRIVKIXMGI) ZSV 3 WMKYV #M TI HITPMR TYVM3GEXI.
27. 'RH REHMW-YVMPI =SKMRYPYM WYRX EWXJIP TYVM3GEXI EXYRGM HIJIGXIPI
(HIVIKPVMPI, SFXYVVMPI #M FSPMPI) WEPI WYRX XSEXI HMWXVYWI #M IP MRXV R TVMQYP
WXEHMY EP GMM =SKE RYQMX VEQFLE40, R GEVI WI TIVGITI %HIZVYP.
28. %RYQMXI WIQRI WYRX TIVGITYXI R GSVTYP =SKMRYPYM EPI GVYM REHMW-
YVM EY JSWX TYVM3GEXI. :SM HIWGVMI, TI WGYVX, XSEXI EGIWXI ZEVMEXI WIQRI.
29. 'SVTYP TIVWSERIM GI TVEGXMG VIKYPEVM^EVIE VIWTMVE'MIM (IGLMPMFVEVIE
7SEVIPYM #M E 0YRMM QTVIYR GY VI'MRIVIE WY4YPYM MRWTMVEX) HIZMRI EVQSRMSW
HI^ZSPXEX, IQMXI YR QMVSW HYPGI, EVEX JVYQSW #M TPGYX. R XSEXI XMTYVMPI HI
=SKE, TVR]QE EVI TEXVY XVITXI: 1. 7XEHMYP HI RGITYX (VEQFLE-EZEWXLE);
2. 7XEHMYP HI GSSTIVEVI E IKS-YPYM #M E )YPYM WYTIVMSV (KLEXE-EZEWXLE); 3.
4EVMGLE]E-EZEWXLE (GYRSE#XIVIE); 4. 'SRWYQEVIE WEY EVHIVIE 3REP
(RMWLTEXXMEZEWXLE).
30. %Q HIWGVMW HINE RGITYXYP SVM VEQFLE EZEWXLE EP TVERE]EQIM; VIWXYP
ZE 3 HIWGVMW YPXIVMSV. 'IPI TEXVY XVITXI EPI GSRXVSPYPYM VIWTMVEXSV HMWXVYK XSEXI
TGEXIPI #M WYJIVMR'IPI.
31. 9VQXSEVIPI GEPMX'M GEVEGXIVM^IE^ GY WMKYVER' RXSXHIEYRE GSVTYP
#M QMRXIE SVMGVYM =SKMR ETIXMX TYXIVRMG, HMKIWXMI FYR, FYR HMWTS^M'MI,
QMVSW TPGYX, 3KYV TPGYX, QEVI GYVEN (RIGPMRXMVI MRXIVMSEV; EXIR'MI; PMTWE
JVMGMM WSQEXM^EXI; FPRHI'I; ERMQEPIPI RY M WYRX SWXMPI), TYXIVRMG IRXY^MEWQ #M
HITPMR TYXIVI.
32. %GYQ Z ZSM WTYRI QEVMPI SFWXEGSPI R GEPIE =SKE GEVI XVIFYMI W
3I IZMXEXI, 3MRHG TVMR RHITVXEVIE PSV =SKMRYP XVIGI HMRGSPS HI SGIERYP
WYJIVMR'IPSV PYQI#XM.
0YGVYVMPI PE GEVI XVIFYMI W WI VIRYR'I 33. 'IP GI YVQIE^ GEPIE =SKE
XVIFYMI W VIRYR'I PE YVQXSEVIPI:1. 7YFWXER'I EGMHI R EPMQIRXE'MI; 2.
7YFWXER'I EWXVMRKIRXI; 3. 7YFWXER'I TMGERXI #M JIVQIRXEXI; 4. 7EVI; 5.
'SRHMQIRXI, EJVSHMWMEGI (QY#XEV, TMTIV); 6. 0YGVYVM EQEVI (GIEM, GEJIE, XYXYR,
PYGVYVM EVWI); 7. 1IVW I\XIRYERX; 8. &EME XMQTYVMI (REMRXI HI VWVMX); 9.
0YGVYVM TVNMXI R YPIM; 10. *YVX; 11. 3QSVVIE (ERMQEPIPSV); 12. (Y#QRMI GY
SVMGEVI TIVWSER; 13. 1RHVMI (SVKSPMY); 14. (YTPMGMXEXI; 15. 2IGMRWXI; 16.
3VMGI I\GIW R EWGI^ (XETEW) MRGPYWMZ TSWXYP EPMQIRXEV; 17. 1MRGMYR; 18.
%XE#EVIE HI PYGVYVM XVIGXSEVI #M HI KRHYVM, EPXIPI HIGX GIPI PIKEXI HI
QSOWLE (WEPZEVI; IPMFIVEVI)41; 19. 'VY^MQIE JE' HI ERMQEPI; 20. 'SQTERME
JIQIMPSV; 21. 6YKGMYRI (EXYRGM GRH WI QRYMI#XI SVM WI #EHI PRK JSG
?TIVMGSP HI EYXSGSQFYWXMIA) #M EHSVEVIE JSGYPYM; 22. :SVFVME EZRH HVITX 'IP
PEYHE #M VRMVIE WEY GEVI RY EGSVH EXIR'MI PE GYZMRXIPI JSPSWMXI SVM PE WIRWYP
PMQFENYPYM; #M R 3RI, 23. )\GIWYP HI QRGEVI.
1MNPSEGIPI TIRXVY SF'MRIVIE WYGGIWYPYM R GEPIE =SKE 34. %GYQ Z ZSM
WTYRI QMNPSEGIPI TVMR GEVI WYGGIWYP R GEPIE =SKE IWXI VITIHI SF'MRYX; IPI
XVIFYMI W 3I TWXVEXI WIGVIXI HI TVEGXMGERX TIRXVY GE WYGGIWYP W ZMR GY
WMKYVER'.
35. 1EVIPI =SKMR XVIFYMI W VIWTIGXI RXSXHIEYRE YVQXSEVIPI VIKYPM: W
JSPSWIEWG: 1. 9RX GPEVM3GEX; 2. 0ETXI; 3. ,VER HYPGI (WEXXZMG); 4. 7 FIE ET
HI M^ZSV (^SR HI THYVM JSMSEWI) #M W QRRGI PYGVYVM RITVIPYGVEXI
(RIXVEXEXI VEHMSEGXMZ, XIVQMG, GLMQMG SVM TVMR EPXI QSHEPMX'M 3^MGI); 5. 'EQJSV;
6. 'YZMRXI GEPHI; 7. 7 EPIEK YR PSG TPGYX (EWLVEQ, QRWXMVI SVM WMLWXVMI)
WEY S RGTIVI VIXVEW, GY S Y# QMG; 8. %WGYPXEVIE HMWGYVWYVMPSV (GV'MPSV
WEGVI SVM E QEI#XVMPSV WTMVMXYEPM) EWYTVE EHIZVYPYM; 9. RHITPMRMVIE RHEXSVMMPSV
GEWIM GY ZEMVEK]E (JV EXE#EQIRX); 10. 7 GRXI RYQIPI PYM :MWLRY; 11. 7
EWGYPXI QY^MG FPRH (WEXXZMG, RIEKVIWMZ, HYPGI); 12. 7-#M HI^ZSPXI
VFHEVIE; 13. 'SRWXER'E IJSVXYPYM; 14. -IVXEVIE; 15. 1SHIVE'ME R EYWXIVMXEXI
WEY EWGI^ (XETEW); 16. 4YVM3GVM; 17. 1SHIWXME; 18. 7 3I HIZSXEX; 19. 7
JEG WIVZMGMM HI^MRXIVIWEXI (TIRXVY +YVY).
36. 'RH VIWTMVE'ME GYVKI TVMR 4MRKEPE (REVE HVIETX) IWXI XMQTYP
TSXVMZMX TIRXVY =SKMR WE QRRGI; GRH EIVYP MRXV TVMR -H (REVE WXRK) IP
XVIFYMI W WI GYPGI.
37. =SKE (TVR]QE) RY XVIFYMI W 3I TVEGXMGEX MQIHMEX HYT QEW #M
RMGM GRH 'M IWXI JSEVXI JSEQI; REMRXI HI E S I\IVWE WI TSEXI QRGE TY'MR
PETXI #M YRX.
38. 'RH GMRIZE IWXI FMRI ERGSVEX R TVEGXMGE WE, IP RY EVI RIZSMI W
EWGYPXI HI EGIWXI VIWXVMG'MM. 4VEGXMGERXYP XVIFYMI W QRRGI JVIGZIRX #M R
GERXMX'M QMGM HI 3IGEVI HEX; IP XVIFYMI W GSRXMRYI TVEGXMGEVIE ^MPRMG E
VI'MRIVMM WY4YPYM (OYQFLEOE) PE XMQTYP WXEFMPMX.
39. %XYRGM GRH TVEGXMGERXYP =SKE TSEXI, W-#M VIKPI^I VMXQYP VIWTMVEXSV
#M W-#M WYWTIRHI PE ZSMR'E WE VIWTMVE'ME (SVMGRH #M SVMGX HSVI#XI) EXYRGM GY
WMKYVER' E SF'MRYX WYGGIWYP R OYQFLEOE; GI PYGVYVM I\MWX TI GEVI =SKMRYP W
RY PI TSEX GSQERHE EMGM, RYQEM VIEPM^RH WYGGIWYP R OYQFLEOE#
4VMQYP WXEHMY EP TVR]QE 40. R TVMQYP WXEHMY EP TVR]QE GSVTYP
=SKMRYP RGITI W XVERWTMVI. 'RH EGIWXE XVERWTMV IP XVIFYMI W WI JVIGI FMRI
GY QRE KSEP GGM EPXJIP GSVTYP =SKMRYPYM #M TMIVHI HLXY (YQSVMPI)?WI RGLMH
QEKRIXMG TSVMM TMIPMM TVMR GEVI TSX MRXVE MR4YIR'I RIJEWXI: GPMQEXMGI, TWMLMGI,
EJIGXMZI, EWXVEPIA.
%P HSMPIE #M EP XVIMPIE E WXEHMY EP TVR]QE 41. R EP HSMPIE WXEHMY EVI
PSG S XVIQYVEVI E GSVTYPYM; R EP XVIMPIE WXEHMY ETEV WEPXYVM GE HI FVSEWG
(TVMQYP WXEHMY EP PIZMXE'MIM); EXYRGM GRH TVEGXMGE (WYWTIRHEVIE) HIZMRI QEM
RHIPYRKEX EHITXYP QIVKI R EIV (WI WXEFMPM^IE^ PIZMXE'ME).
:]Y-7MHHLM 42. %XYRGM GRH =SKMRYP, HI#M IWXI E#I^EX R 4EHQWERE
(4S^M'ME 0SXYW), WI VMHMG R EIV #M TVWI#XI WSPYP, #XMQ G E SF'MRYX :]Y
7MHHLM (WYGGIW EWYTVE EIVYPYM, MRHITIRHIR' JEX HI IXIVYP GYTPEX
KVEZMXE'MSREP), GEVI HMWXVYKI RXYRIVMGYP PYQMM.
43. %XX XMQT (GX RY E G#XMKEX :]Y-7MHHLM) PEW-P W TVEGXMGI
VIWTIGXRH VIKYPMPI #M VIWXVMG'MMPI MRHMGEXI QEM REMRXI. 'E IJIGXI EPI EXMRKIVMM
TIVJIG'MYRMM R EGIEWX TVR]QE WI GSRWXEX: HIWGVI#XIVIE WSQRYPYM,
WGHIVIE RIGIWEVYPYM HI EPMQIRXI WSPMHI #M PMGLMHI (WI XVIGI TI EPMQIRXEVI GY
4VERE); VIHYGIVIE I\GVI'MMPSV #M YVMRIM.
44. =SKMRYP GI VIEPM^IE^ %HIZVYP (GSRXEGXYP GY 0YQMRE RYQIREP)
HIZMRI PMFIV HI FSEP, RIRSVSGMVM (EGGMHIRXI) #M WYJIVMR' ?EVI GSR#XMMR' XVIE^
SVM TIVQERIRX (RY TVI^MRX HYEPMXEXIE ZIKLI-WSQR)A; IP RY EVI RMGMSHEX:
XVERWTMVE'MI VY QMVSWMXSEVI (RY TYXVI^I#XI), I\GIW SV PMTW HI WEPMZ WEY
ZMIVQM MRXIWXMREPM.
45. 'RH R XVYTYP TVEGXMGERXYPYM HMWTEV 4YGXYE'MMPI YQSVMPSV (WEPMZ, FMP,
WRKI) EXYRGM IP TSEXI W HIZMR MRHITIRHIRX (RIEJIGXEX; MQYR) PE RGPGEVIE
VIKYPEVMX'MM R HMIX #M VITEYW (IWXI RITIVXYVFEX HI JSEQI, WIXI SVM SFSWIEP).
46. 2MGM YR IJIGX RIJEZSVEFMP RY ZE YVQE, HEG =SKMRYP ZE PYE S QEVI
GERXMXEXI HI LVER, S GERXMXEXI JSEVXI QMG WEY HIPSG. 4VMR TYXIVIE TVEGXMGMM
GSRWXERXI =SKMRYP SF'MRI FLYOLEVM-WMHHLM, IP WI QM#G GE FVSEWGE GI WEVI TI
TQRX" ((EVHYVE-7MHHLM), GRH IWXI WTIVMEX HI TSGRIXYP TEPQIPSV.
47. 'Y EHIZVEX WYRX QYPXI SFWXEGSPI HM3GMPI #M ETVSETI MRWYVQSRXEFMPI
R =SKE, HEV =SKMRYP XVIFYMI W-#M GSRXMRYI TVEGXMGE SVMGI W-EV RXQTPE; GLMEV
GRH ZME'E WE ENYRKI PE WJV#MX QEM I\MWX S #ERW42.
48. %TSM PEW TVEGXMGERXYP W WI E#I^I RXV-YR PSG VIXVEW #M W-#M HIXE#I^I
WMQ'YVMPI HI PE SFMIGXIPI I\XIVMSEVI (W WI VIXVEK R EPFME MRXIVMSEV) #M W
VSWXIEWG RXV-S VITIXM'MI RIEY^MX TVEREZE 3143 R WGSTYP HMWXVYKIVMM XYXYVSV
SFWXEGSPIPSV.
?2SX %91; XSEXI XVIM WYRIXIPI XVIFYMI W 3I VSWXMXI HMWXMRGX.A 49. 4VMR
VIKYPEVM^EVIE VIWTMVE'MIM TVEGXMGERXYP R'IPITX HMWXVYKI GY WMKYVER' XSEX
OEVQE WE, 3I G IWXI EGYQYPEX R EGIEWX ZME', 3I R ZMI'MPI XVIGYXI.
50. 1EVIPI =SKMR HMWXVYKI TVMR GIPI #EWIWTVI^IGI TVERE]EQI ZEVMEXIPI
ZMVXY'M #M ZMGMM EGYQYPEXI R ZMI'MPI XVIGYXI.
51. %GIEWX TVR]QE HMWXVYKI TGEXYP, E#E GYQ JSGYP EVHI YR
FYPKVI HI FYQFEG; IE P JEGI TI =SKMR PMFIV HI TGEXI; ETSM HMWXVYKI #M
PIKXYVMPI HEXSVEXI XYXYVSV EG'MYRMPSV WEPI FYRI (SF'MRI HIXE#EVIE HI
VIGSQTIRWI).
52. 4YXIVRMGYP =SKMR, HYT GI E EXMRW TVMR TVR]QE GIPI STX JIPYVM HI
TYXIVM TWMLMGI" (WMHHLM)44, #M HYT GI E XVEZIVWEX SGIERYP HYEPMX'MM FMRIPYM #M
VYPYM, ZMVXY'MM #M ZMGMYPYM, WI QM#G PMFIV TVMR GIPI XVIM PYQM.
'VI#XIVIE HYVEXIM HI WYWTIRHEVI E VIWTMVE'MIM 53. %TSM KVEHEX IP XVIFYMI
W HIZMR ETX W TVEGXMGI XMQTM HI XVIM KLEVMW (IP XVIFYMI W 3I R WXEVI W-#M
'MR VIWTMVE'ME TIRXVY S TIVMSEH HI S SV #M XVIM^IGM HI QMRYXI). 4VMR EGIEWXE
=SKMRYP JV RHSMEP SF'MRI XSEXI TYXIVMPI HSVMXI.
7MHHLMW-YVM, TIVJIG'MYRM SVM TYXIVM TWMLMGI 54. =SKMRYP SF'MRI YVQXSEVIPI
TYXIVM TEVERSVQEPI WEY HEVYVM: ZEO]E WMHHLM (HEVYP TVSJI'MIM), TYXIVIE W WI
XVERWTSVXI TI IP SVMYRHI ZVIE PE ZSMR' (OEQEGLVM), GPEVZIHIVIE (HYVEHVMWXLM),
GPEVEY^ (HYVEWLVYXM), ZIHIVIE WYFXMP (WLYOWLQE-HVMWLXM) TYXIVIE HI E MRXVE R
SVMGI EPX GSVT (TEVEOE]TVEZIWERE) XVERWQYXE'ME QIXEPIPSV GSQYRI R EYV TVMR
JVIGEVIE PSV GY TVSTVMMPI WEPI I\GVI'MM #M GY YVMR; IP EVI TYXIVIE HI E HIZIRM
MRZM^MFMP #M HI E WI QM#GE PMFIV R EIV (GPVMRH ZRXYP #M RSVMM).
+LEXE %ZEWXE ?7XEVIE HI M^SPEVIA 55. 'RH TVMR TVEGXMGE 4VR]QE
=SKMRYP EXMRKI WXEVIE HI M^SPEVI KLXE (VIGMTMIRX, ZEW); EXYRGM TIRXVY IP RY
IWXI RMQMG R EGIWX GIVG EP YRMZIVWYPYM GEVI W RY TSEX 3 RHITPMRMX (WXEVIE HI
QERMJIWXEVI E GQTYPYM HIJIRWMZ) ?KLEXOWLEA.
56. +LXE WI WTYRI G IWXI WXEVIE R GEVI 4VERE #M %TRE Z]YW,
2EHE45 #M &MRHY, .ZEXQE (7TMVMXYP 9QER) #M 4EVEQXQE (7TMVMXYP 9RMZIVWEP) WI
GSQFMR #M GSSTIVIE^ ?R GMVGYMX RGLMWA.
57. 'RH IP SF'MRI TYXIVIE HI E-#M WYWTIRHE VIWTMVE'ME (EHMG W 3I R
IRWXE^: 7EQEHLM), XMQT HI XVIM SVI, EXYRGM WMKYV QMRYREXE WXEVI TVEX]LEVE
(HI HIXE#EVI WIR^SVMEP) IWXI EXMRW JV SFWXEGSP.
58. 3VMGI SFMIGX EV TIVGITI GIP GI YVQIE^ GEPIE =SKE, XVIFYMI W-P
GSRWMHIVI GE 3MRH 7TMVMX. %XYRGM GRH QSHYVMPI HI EG'MYRI EPI HMJIVMXIPSV
WMQ'YVM WYRX GYRSWGYXI, IPI TSX 3 GSRXVSPEXI.
59. (YT S RHIPYRKEX TVEGXMG GIP GI YVQIE^ GEPIE =SKE TSEXI
I\IGYXE S OYQFLOE (S WYWTIRHEVI E VIWTMVE'MIM) TIRXVY XVIM SVI; GRH TIRXVY
STX HERHEW46 (IGLMZEPIRX XVIM SVI) VIWTMVE'ME =SKMRYPYM IWXI WYWTIRHEX,
EXYRGM R'IPITXYP WI TSEXI FEPERWE TI HIKIXYP PYM QEVI (SF'MRI WMWXIQYP HI
VIJIVMR' %FWSPYX); HEV IP ETEVI TIRXVY GIMPEP'M GE RIWRXSW (TIRXVY G ZIHI
PYGVYVMPI R EPX TIVWTIGXMZ).
4EVMGLE]E ?7XEVIE LSPSKVE3GA 60. (YT EGIEWXE, TVMR I\IVGM'MY, =SKMRYP
EXMRKI 4EVMGLE]E-EZEWXLE (GSR#XMMR'E #M GYRSE#XIVIE GEVI QFV'M#IE^ XSX).
'RH EIVYP, GI TVWI#XI REVE HVIETX #M WXRK, VQRI RIQM#GEX #M WXEFMP R
IXIVYP HMR GEREPYP 7YWLYQRE, EXYRGM IWXI VIEPM^EX WXEVIE TEVMGLE]E.
61. 'RH IP, TVMR TVEGXMGE =SKE, SF'MRI TYXIVIE HI EG'MYRI (OVM] WLEOXM)
#M WXVTYRKI TVMR GIPI #EWI GLEOVI, EXYRGM IP EXMRKI GSRHM'ME WXEFMP HI
TEVMGLE]E, #M GY WMKYVER' =SKMRYP ZIHI RXVIMXIPI IJIGXI EPI OEVQIM.
62. %TSM, =SKMRYP XVIFYMI W HMWXVYK QYPXMTPIPI OEVQI GY TVEREZE (31);
XVIFYMI W RHITPMRIEWG O]EZ]YLE (YR TVSGIW QMWXMG HI VIEWEQFPEVI #M HI
VITVSKVEQEVI E HMJIVMXIPSV WOERHLEW47 HMR GSVT) R WGSTYP HI E WI FYGYVE #M
WYJIVM GSRWIGMR'IPI XYXYVSV EG'MYRMPSV WEPI RXV-S WMRKYV ZME', JV RIGIWMXEXIE
VIRE#XIVMM (GEVI TVIWYTYRI #XIVKIVIE).
63. 0E EGIP QSQIRX 1EVIPI =SKMR XVIFYMI W TVEGXMGI GIPI GMRGM HLVER
(JSVQI HI GSRGIRXVEVI TI :MWLRY), TVMR GEVI IWXI SF'MRYX GSRXVSPYP EWYTVE
GIPSV GMRGM IPIQIRXI #M WYRX RHITVXEXI JVMGE, PI^MYRMPI SVM TVINYHMGMMPI,
TVSZSGEXI HI SVMGEVI HMR IPI ?ETEVM'ME MRZYPRIVEFMPMX'MMA.
?2SX: XVIFYMI W I\IGYXI GMRGM OYQFLOE, GEVI W RWS'IEWG HLVER
TI 3IGEVI GIRXVY SVM 'LEOVE.A 64. R'IPITXYP =SKMR XVFYMI W TVEGXMGI HLVER
EWXJIP: GMRGM KLEVMW (HSY SVI #M XVIM^IGM HI QMRYXI R PSXYW HLVE (1YPEHLEVE);
GMRGM KLEVMW R TS^M'ME TIRXVY PMRK (7ZHLMWXLR), GMRGM KLEVMW R VIKMYRIE HI
HIEWYTVE EGIWXIME (TPI\ WSPEV 1ERMTYVE) #M EGIPE#M PYGVY TIRXVY MRMQ
(%RLEXE); GMRGM KLEVMW R KX (:MWYHHLE) #M R 3RI W TVEGXMGI HLEVER GMRGM
KLEVMW R WTE'MYP HMRXVI WTVRGIRI (%NRETYV). 4VMR EGIEWX TVEGXMG IPIQIRXIPI
(TVSTVMM WYRX VITVSKVEQEXI MEV GIPI) I\XIVRI RGIXIE^ W-M QEM GEY^I^I VY
1EVIPYM =SKMR.
65. R'IPITXYP =SKMR GEVI TVEGXMG TIVQERIRX GSRGIRXVEVIE (HLVERE)
SF'MRI YR GSVT GEVI RY QEM QSEVI RMGMSHEX, TVMR WYXIPI HI GMGPYVM EPI QEVIPYM
&VELQ (GSVTYP RITIVMWEFMP HI HMEQERX GRH WI QERMJIWX GQTYP HIJIRWMZ).
2MWLTEXXM-EZEWXL ??7XEVIE HI SQRMTVI^IR'A 66. (YT EGIEWXE, TVMR
I\IVGM'MY KVEHEX =SKMRYP EXMRKI 2MWLTEXXM EZEWXL (GSRHM'ME HIWZV#MX; WXEVIE
HI SQRMTVI^IR'). (YT GI E HMWXVYW XSEXI WIQMR'IPI OEVQIM, GEVI EY I\MWXEX
HI PE RGITYX, =SKMRYP FIE ETIPI MQSVXEPMX'MM ?GSRXVSPIE^ XVER^M'ME HI PE JSVQE
QERMJIWXEX (HIPMQMXEX, QEXIVMEP) PE JSVQE RIQERMJIWXEX (RIPMQMXEX,
GSRXMRYMXEXIE RPSGYMI#XI HMWGSRXMRYMXEXIE; I\MWX WYF JSVQ HI GQT)A.
67. 'RH SF'MRI IPMFIVEVIE R ZME'E TVI^IRX (.ZER-QYOXE)48PMRM#XMXYP
=SKMR E VIEPM^EX TVMR TVEGXMG JVYGXM3GEVIE (WXEFMPM^EVIE, GSRWYQEVIE, EVHIVIE)
WEQEHLM (GEVI IWXI ETSKIYP QIHMXE'MIM); GRH EGIEWX WXEVI HI WEQEHLM
GSRWYQEX (GYTPEVI WXEFMP PE 9PXMQE 6IEPMXEXI) TSEXI 3 IZSGEX ZSPYRXEV,
EXYRGM =SKMRYP XVIFYMI W 'MR GLIXER (ZIKLIE; MRXIPMKIR'E GSR#XMIRX)49
YRMX GY EIVYP #M GY JSV'E (OVM]-WLEOXM) TIRXVY E GYGIVM GIPI #EWI VS'M (GLEOVE),
#M GE W EFWSEVF R EGIEWXE JSV'E RYQMX NRRE-WLEOXM.
68. %GYQ EQ HIWGVMW GSRHYGIVIE EIVYPYM TIRXVY E RHITVXE XYPFYVVMPI
(GI-P E#XIETX TI =SKMR); TVMR EGIEWX GYRSE#XIVI E :]Y-WHLER HMWTEV XSEXI
WYJIVMR'IPI #M FYGYVMMPI R GIVGYP EGIWXYM YRMZIVW.
69. 'RH RHIQREXMGYP =SKMR #M TPEWIE^ PMQFE PE VHGMRE TEPEXYPYM
(/LIGLEVM-1YHVE) IP TSEXI FIE TVERE ZE]Y, EXYRGM EVI PSG GSQTPIXE HM^SPZEVI
E XYXYVSV =SKE (EHMG IP RY QEM EVI RIZSMI HI =SKE #M IWXI PMFIV HI SVMGI FSPM
?HIZMRI YRM3GEX, 3VIWG, JV E EZIE RIZSMI W ETIPI^I PE QMNPSEGI I\XIVRIA).
70. 'RH R'IPITXYP =SKMR GYRSWGRH PIKMPI HI EG'MYRI EPI 4VERE #M
%TRE TSEXI FIE EIV VIGI TVMR GSRXVEG'ME KYVMM R JSVQE GMSGYPYM HI GMSEV,
EXYRGM IP HIZMRI ETX TIRXVY IPMFIVEVI.
71. %GIP R'IPITX =SKMR GEVI ^MPRMG FIE EIVYP EQFVS^MEP R EGSVH GY
VIKYPMPI GYZIRMXI, HMWXVYKI SFSWIEPE, EVHIVIE (JIFVE), HIGHIVIE, TYXVI^MVIE,
QFXVRMVIE #M RY IWXI EXMRW HI EVQI (IWXI MRZYPRIVEFMP; RY TSEXI 3 VRMX).
72. 'RH =SKMRYP TSEXI FIE RIGXEVYP GYVKRH HMR 0YRE MRXIVSEV (WMXYEX
RXVI WTVRGIRI), RHVITXRH PMQFE R WYW, GY WMKYVER' ZE RZMRKI QSEVXIE R
30 HI ^MPI.
73. RGLM^RH JIVQ KPSXE TVMR QIXSHE =SKE #M GSRXIQTPRH ^IM'E
/YRHEPMRM, =SKMRYP FIE 4YMHYP MQSVXEPMX'MM (GI ZMRI HI PE 0YR) #M HIZMRI YR
R'IPITX WEY YR TSIX R HIGYVW HI #EWI PYRM.
74. (EG IP FIE EIV" TVMR GMSGYP HI GMSEV, EXX HMQMRIE'E GX #M WIEVE
R EQYVK, ZM^YEPM^RH #M GSRXIQTPRH G RIGXEVYP QIVKI R KYVE PYM /YRHEPMRM
EXYRGM XYFIVGYPS^E (TLXLMWMW) IWXI ZMRHIGEX.
75. 'RH R'IPITXYP =SKMR FIE 4YMHYP ^M #M RSETXI TVMR GMSGYP HI GMSEV
XSEXI FSPMPI WEPI WYRX HMWXVYWI; IP SF'MRI GY WMKYVER' TYXIVMPI HI GPEVEY^ #M HI
GPEVZIHIVI.
76. (EG WXVRKRH JIVQ HMR'MM (TVIWRH QE\MPEVIPI) #M TPEWRH PMQFE R
WYW R'IPITXYP =SKMR RKLMXI 4YMHYP JSEVXI RGIX, RJVRKI R WGYVX XMQT
QSEVXIE.
77. %GIPE, GEVI GSRXMRY ^MPRMG EGIWX I\IVGM'MY TIRXVY RYQEM #EWI PYRM,
IWXI IPMFIVEX HI XSEXI TGEXIPI #M IPMQMR XSEXI FSPMPI.
78. (EG IWXI GSRXMRYEX EGIWX I\IVGM'MY, XMQT HI YR ER, IP HIZMRI
&LEMVEZE (WOVX.; PMX.: XIVMFMP, RWTMQRXXSV); SF'MRI TYXIVIE ERMQE ?TYXIVIE HI
E 3 QMG GX EXSQYPA #M GIPIPEPXI WMHHLMW; GYGIVI#XI XSEXI IPIQIRXIPI #M
IWIR'IPI (IPIQIRXEPMM; WTMVMXIPI).
79. (EG =SKMRYP TSEXI VQRI NYQXEXI HI WIGYRH GY PMQFE R WYW, IP
HIZMRI PMFIV HI FSEP, QSEVXI #M QFXVRMVI.
80. (EG GSQXIQTP, R XMQT GI QIR'MRI TVIWMYRIE PMQFMM TI TEPEX, #M
YRM3G RIGXEVYP 0YRMM GY 4YMHYP ZMXEP SVM 4VERE, S TIVWSER RY QSEVI RMGMSHEX.
81. 4VMR EGIWX I\IVGM'MY #M =SKE SQYP HIZMRI JV VMZEP, GE YR ^IY
(/EQEHIZE). )P RY WMQXI RMGM JSEQI RMGM WIXI, RMGM WSQR RMGM PI#MR (RGLMHIVIE
GMVGYMXYPYM EWMKYV MRZYPRIVEFMPMXEXIE PE TIVXYVFE'MM; RY IWXI WYVTVMRW HI
FYGYVMI SVM HI HYVIVI).
82. %G'MSRRH HYT EGIWXI QIXSHI QEVIPI =SKMR HIZMRI JV IKEP R
PYQI, TIVJIGX, MRHITIRHIRX, IPMFIVEX HI XSEXI SFWXEGSPIPI #M TSEXI QIVKI
SVMYRHI.
83. 4VEGXMGRH EGIEWXE IP RY IWXI RMGMSHEX VIRWGYX, RMGM TXEX HI
ZMVXYXI SVM ZMGMY, HEV WI FYGYV (TIRXVY QMPIRMM) EPXYVM HI ^IM.
%WERE (TSWXYVMPI; TS^M'MMPI GSVTYPYM) 84. )\MWX STX^IGM #M TEXVY HI TS^M'MM,
HI HMJIVMXI JIPYVM. (MRXVI IPI TEXVY XVIFYMI W 3I EHSTXEXI, TI GEVI PI
QIR'MSRQ QEM NSW: 1. 7MHHLWERE; 2. 4EHQWERE; 3. 9KVWERE; 4.
7ZEWXMOWERE.
1. 7MHHLWERE ?4S^M'ME 0SXYWYPYMA 85. 7MHHLWERE (WOVX.; PMX.:4S^M'ME
TIVJIGX") GEVI H WYGGIW TVEGXMGERXYPYM WI SF'MRI HYT GYQ YVQIE^: 4VIWE'M
GY KVMN GY GPGMYP =SRM (TIVMRIYP)50; GIPEPEPX GPGM EP =SKMRYPYM XVIFYMI W 3I
TPEWEX TI PMKEQIRX; TVMZMVIE XVIFYMI W 3I 3\EX R WYW TI WTE'MYP HMRXVI
WTVRGIRI; GSVTYP (XVYRGLMYP) XVIFYMI W 3I RIQM#GEX #M ZIVXMGEP MEV WMQ'YVMPI
VIXVEWI R MRXIVMSV. 'SVTYP XVIFYMI W 3I RXMRW, GSQSH E#I^EX #M JV RGSZSMIVM.
0SGYP YRHI WI TVEGXMG XVIFYMI W 3I VIXVEW #M JV RMGM YR ^KSQSX.
86. 'IP GI ZVIE W EXMRK S VETMH JVYGXM3GEVI E GMM =SKE TVMR I\IVGM'MY
XVIFYMI W EHSTXI EGIEWX TSWXYV (7MHHLWERE) #M W TVEGXMGI GSRGIRXVEVIE
EWYTVE VIKPVMM VIWTMVE'MIM.
87. 4VMR EGIEWX TSWXYV =SKMRYP, GRH TVWI#XI PYQIE EXMRKI GIP QEM
REPX WJV#MX ('IP) #M R RXVIEKYP YRMZIVW RY I\MWX S TSWXYV QEM WIGVIX HIGX
EGIEWXE. 4VMR HIXE#EVI WIR^SVMEP #M TVMR GSRXIQTPEVI R EGIEWX TS^M'MI
=SKMRYP HIZMRI PMFIV HI TGEX.
2. 4EHQWERE ?4S^M'ME 0SXYWYPYMA 88. (IWGVMIQ EGYQ 4EHQWERE (WOVX.;
PMX.: 4S^M'ME 0SXYWYPYM") GEVI ZMRHIG (EPYRK) XSEXI FSPMPI: HYT GI EM
RGVYGM#EX TMGMSEVIPI, GY EXIR'MI TPEWIE^ XPTMPI TI TYPTIPI STYWI (EHMG,
TMGMSVYP WXRK TI TYPTE HVIETX #M ZMGIZIVWE); RGVYGM#IE^ EQFIPI QMRM #M
TPEWIE^ PI WMQMPEV TI TYPTI; TVMZMVIE 3\IE^ ZVJYP REWYPYM; TVIWIE^ GY PMQFE
VHGMRE HMR'MPSV (FVFME VMHMGEX, TMITXYP REMRXI) ETSM XVEKI EIV RGIX, YQTPI
TMITXYP PE RXVIEKE GETEGMXEXI (QE\MQ) #M I\TMV RGIX EIVYP RXV-YR GYVIRX JV
TMIHMGM (YRMJSVQ, GSRWXERX).
89. 2Y TSEXI 3 TVEGXMGEX HI SVMGMRI; RYQEM R'IPITXYP VIEPM^IE^
EGIEWXE GY WYGGIW (RY GSRXIE^ RYQEM E#I^EVIE GSVTYPYM R EGIEWX TS^M'MI,
GEVI IWXI #M 1YHV, GM #M EGIIE E GSVTYPYM IRIVKIXMG, E WMQ'YVMPSV #M E QMR'MM).
90. )\IGYXRH #M TVEGXMGRH EGIEWX TSWXYV JV RHSMEP IRIVKMMPI
ZMXEPI (4VRE) EPI TVEGXMGERXYPYM HIZMR MQIHMEX GSQTPIX IKEPI #M GYVK EVQSRMSW
TVMR GSVT.
91. 7XRH R TS^M'ME 4EHQWERE #M GYRSWGRH EG'MYRIE 4VRE #M %TRE,
GRH =SKMRYP I\IGYX VIKPEVIE VIWTMVE'MIM IP IWXI IPMFIVEX HMR PYQIE HYEPMX'MM
(YRMZIVWYP JIRSQIREP). %GIWXE IWXI EHIZVYP.
3. 9KVWERE ?4S^M'ME PYM 7LMZEA 92. RXMRHI'M R EJEV EQFIPI TMGMSEVI #M
'MRI'M-PI HITVXEXI; PYE'M JIVQ GETYP RXVI FVE'I #M TPEWE'M-PI TI KIRYRGLM.
%GIEWXE IWXI RYQMX 9KVWERE (TS^M'ME JIVQ, TYXIVRMG; nYKV~ IWXI
YR EPX RYQI TIRXVY 6YHVE WEY 7LMZE); EGIEWXE TS^M'MI EGXMZIE^ QM#GEVIE
4VRIM, HMWXVYKI XYPFYVVMPI QMR'MM #M EPI GSVTYPYM #M IWXI RYQMX HI EWIQIRIE
4EWGLMQSXLERE (TS^M'ME TSWXIVMSEV RGVYGM#EX).
%GIP SQ R'IPITX GEVI TVEGXMG ^MPRMG EGIEWX RSFMP TS^M'MI TSEXI GY
WMKYVER' W HIXIVQMRI GYVKIVIE 4VRIM TI GMPI TSWXIVMSEVI (TIV ZME
TSWXIVMSVM).
93. 'IM GI TVEGXMG EGIEWX TS^M'MI SF'MR XSEXI WMHHLMW-YVMPI; HI EGIIE
GIM HSVMXSVM HI E EXMRKI TYXIVMPI (TEVERSVQEPI, TWMLMGI), XVIFYMI W TVEGXMGI
^MPRMG EGIEWX EWERE.
94. %GIEWX YXMPM^EVI WTIGMEP XVIFYMI W 3I 'MRYX WIGVIX GY QEVI KVMN
#M RY W 3I HEX SVMGYM #M SVMYRHI. 4VMR EGIEWXE ZE]Y WMHHLM IWXI SF'MRYX #M WYRX
HMWXVYWI S QYP'MQI HI SFWXEGSPI (HM3GYPX'M).
4. 7ZEWXMOWERE (4S^M'ME JIVMGMVMM WEY TVSWTIVMX'MM) 95. 4PEWE'M HIKIXIPI
TMGMSEVIPSV GSQTPIX WYF TYPTI, 'MRRH GSVTYP HVITX #M VIPE\EX. %GIEWXE WI
RYQI#XI 7ZEWXMOWERE.
96. R EGIWX JIP R'IPITXYP =SKMR XVIFYMI W TVEGXMGI VIKPEVIE EIVYPYM. 2MGM
S FSEP RY TSEXI W-M EXEGI GSVTYP #M IP SF'MRI ZE]Y WMHHLM.
97. %GIEWX TS^M'MI IWXI ETVSTMEX HI 7YOLWERE, WEY TSWXYVE Y#SEV;
EGIEWX TS^M'MI IWXI HXXSEVI HI WRXEXI, HI MR4YIR' QMVEGYPSEW EWYTVE
SEQIRMPSV #M ERMQEPIPSV, XVIFYMRH W 3I 'MRYX WIGVIX HI =SKMRM.
'%4-83090 -:
=SRM-1YHV-&YXYVE WEGV E /EYPEW 1. -RWTMVE'M EHRG, GSRGIRXVRHY-Z
TI PSXYWYP HLV (QYPEHLEVE). %TSM GSRXVEGXE'M W3RXIVIPI (=SRM), GEVI WYRX
WMXYEXI R WTE'MYP TIVMRIEP.
2. %TSM XVIFYMI W GSRXIQTPE'M EWYTVE PYM (YQRI^IY EP MYFMVMM GEVI
VI^MH R EGIP &VELQE =SRM #M GEVI IWXI JVYQSW GE 4SEVIE &ERHLYO
(4IRXETIXIW 4LSIRMGME) WXVPYGMXSV GE ^IGI QMPMSERI HI WSVM #M VIGI GE ^IGI
QMPMSERI HI 0YRM. (IEWYTVE EGIWXYM =SRM I\MWX S QMG #M JSEVXI WYFXMP 4EGV,
E GVIM JSVQ IWXI XVMYRKLMYP MRXIPMKIR'IM. %TSM =SKMRYP XVIFYMI W-#M MQEKMRI^I,
G EVI PSG EGSPS, S YRMYRI, RXVI IP #M EGIE 4EGV (7LMZE #M 7LEOXM).
3. (%TSM MQEKMRIE^-'M G) EVI PSG S HITPEWEVI R WYW TVMR ZEWYP
7YWLYQRE, TVMR GIPI XVIM GSVTYVM R SVHMRIE PSV REXYVEP (IXIVMG, EWXVEP #M
QIRXEP). (-QEKMRIE^ GYQ) RIGXEVYP IWXI IQMW R 3IGEVI GLEOV, EPI GVYM
GEVEGXIVMWXMGM WYRX PYQMRE #M QEVIE JIVMGMVI. 'YPSEVIE WE IWXI VS^, TPMR HI
WTPIRHSEVI, TMGYVRH R NIXYVM WXVSTMM 4YMHYPYM MQSVXEP.
)P XVIFYMI W FIE EGIWX ZMR EP MQSVXEPMX'MM GEVI IWXI HMZMR #M ETSM W WI
VIRXSEVG #M W MRXVI HMR RSY R /YPE (WTE'MYP TIVMRIEP).
2SX GRH EGIWXI GSVTYVM WYFXMPI YVG, IPI FIEY PE 3IGEVI WXEHMY EGIWX
RIGXEV RYQMX /YPQVMXE (RIGXEVYP HMZMR EP ZMI'MM IXIVRI HMR ^SRE HI VEGSVHEVI PE
EVFSVIPI WTIGMIM).
4. %TSM IP XVIFYMI W QIEVK HMR RSY PE /YPE TVMR TVEGXMGE QERXVE =SKE
(GEVI MRGPYHI TVR]QE). %GIWX =SRM E JSWX RYQMX HI QMRI R 8ERXVEW GE IKEP
ZMI'MM.
5. (MR RSY IP XVIFYMI W 3I EFWSVFMX R EGIP =SRM, YRHI PSGYMI#XI JSGYP
(ZMI'MM #M EP) QSV'MM HI REXYVE PYM 7LMZE #M E PYM 7LEOXM. %WXJIP E JSWX HIWGVMW HI
QMRI QIXSHE TVEGXMGVMM QEVMM =SRM 1YHV. 8SXYP TSEXI 3 TVEGXMGEX GY WYGGIW
(#M RY I\MWX RMGM YR TGEX GEVI RY TSEXI 3 #XIVW), HEG WI SF'MRI I\IGYXEVIE
GSVIGX E EGIWXIM 1YHV.
6. 'LMEV EGIPI QERXVI GEVI WYRX HIJSVQEXI (GLLMRRE) SVM TEVEPM^EXI
(/MPMXE), EVWI HI JSG (WXEQFLMXE), SVM E GVSV 4EGV E HIZIRMX EXIRYEX, SVM
GEVI WYRX PMTWMXI HI ZMKSEVI (RXYRIGEXI) #M XVIFYMI W 3I EFERHSREXI, SVM GEVI
WYRX VIPI, SVM TVIE ZIGLM, SVM GEVI WYRX QRHVI HI ZMKSEVIE XMRIVI'MM
RQYKYVMXI, SVM GEVI EY XVIGYX HI TEVXIE HY#QERYPYM, SVM WPEFI #M JV IWIR'
(ZMXEPMXEXI), SVM GEVI EY JSWX HMZM^EXI R WYXI HI TV'M GLMEV #M IPI HIZMR JIVXMPI
TVMR XMQT #M QIXSH.
8SEXI EGIWXIE TSX HE TYXIVM #M IQERGMTEVI GRH WYRX FMRI HEXI
HMWGMTSPYPYM HI GXVI +YVY, HYT GI P-E MRM'MEX GSRJSVQ VMXYEPYVMPSV #M P-E WGPHEX
HI S QMI HI SVM (R ETE TVMQSVHMEP). %GIEWX =SRM-1YHV E JSWX HIWGVMW
TIRXVY E TVIKXM WXYHIRXYP R ZIHIVIE TVMQMVMM QERXVIPSV (TIRXVY E 3 MRM'MEX R
QMWXIVIPI TVEGXMGMM QMWXMGI).
7. 'IP GI TVEGXMG =SRM-1YHV RYQEM IWXI QYVHVMX HI TGEXI HEG YGMHI
S QMI HI FVELQERM WEY HEG SQSEV XS'M PSGYMXSVMM GIPSV XVIM PYQM51.
8. (EG #M-E YGMW TVSJIWSVYP, FIE ZMR, JYV, SVM ZMSPIE^ RIZEWXE
TVIGITXSVYPYM WY, IP RY IWXI EXMRW HI EGIWXI TGEXI TVMR ZMVXYXIE EGIWXIM
QYHVI (XSEXI TGEXIPI HMR ZMI'MPI TVIGIHIRXI SVM HMR TVI^IRXE ZME' WYRX EVWI).
9. (I EGIIE, GIM GI HSVIWG IQERGMTEVIE XVIFYMI W TVEGXMGI EGIEWXE
^MPRMG. (SEV TVMR TVEGXMG GSRXMRY (EFL]WE) IWXI SF'MRYX WYGGIWYP; HSEV TVMR
TVEGXMG IWXI SF'MRYX GSRXEGXYP I\TIVMQIRXEP GY 9PXMQE 6IEPMXEXI, GYRSE#XIVIE
MQIHMEX, GVIHMR'E EHIZVEX #M IPMFIVEVIE.
10. 'SR#XMMR'E ('SWQMG) TIVJIGX IWXI G#XMKEX TVMR TVEGXMG. =SKE
(9RMYRIE) IWXI EXMRW TVMR TVEGXMG; WYGGIWYP R 1YHV ZMRI TVMR TVEGXMG; TVMR
TVEGXMG IWXI SF'MRYX WYGGIWYP R TVERE]ERE. 1SEVXIE TSEXI 3 EPYRKEX, HI
GXVI ZMGXMQE WE, TVMR TVEGXMG #M SQYP HIZMRI GYGIVMXSVYP QSV'MM.
11. 4VMR TVEGXMG GMRIZE TSEXI SF'MRI TYXIVIE :GL (HEVYP HI E VSWXM
'YZRXYP (MZMR, HEVYP TVSJI'MIM) #M TYXIVIE HI E QIVKI SVMYRHI, RYQEM TVMR
I\IVGMXEVIE ZSMR'IM. %GIEWX =SRM-1YHV XVIFYMI W 3I 'MRYX R QEVI WIGVIX #M
W RY 3I HEX SVMGYM. 'LMEV EQIRMR'EX GY QSEVXIE, EGIEWXE RY XVIFYMI VIZIPEX
#M HEX EPXSVE.
8VI^MVIE PYM /YRHEPMRM 12. %GYQ Z ZSM HIWGVMI QMNPSEGIPI HI E EXMRKI
WYGGIWYP R =SKE. 4VEGXMGER'MM XVIFYMI W PI 'MR WIGVIXI. %GIEWXE IWXI GIE QEM
MREGGIWMFMP =SKE.
13. 'RH ^IM'E EHSVQMX /YRHEPMRM IWXI XVI^MX, TVMR KVE'ME YRYM +YVY,
EXYRGM XS'M PSXY#MM #M PIKXYVMPI WYRX TIVJSVEXI (TYWI R PIKXYV).
14. (I EGIIE TIRXVY GE ^IM'E, GEVI IWXI EHSVQMX R TSEVXE
&VELQEVERHLVE (GIP QEM MRXIVMSV KSP EP 7YWLYQRE), W 3I XVI^MX, ERYQMXI
1YHVW XVIFYMI W 3I TVEGXMGEXI GY GIE QEM QEVI KVMN.
15. (MRXVI QYPXIPI 1YHVW, YVQXSEVIPI ^IGI WYRX GIPI QEM FYRI:1.
1EL-1YHV; 2. 1EL-&ERHLE; 3. 1EL:IHLE; 4. /LIGLEVM-1YHV; 5.
.PERHLEVE-1YHV; 6. 1YPE-&ERHLE; 7. :MTEVMXE-/EVERE; 8. 9HHRE-&ERHLE; 9.
:ENVSRHM-1YHV #M 10. 7LEOXM-'LPERE-1YHV.
16. *MMRH GIE QEM HVEK QMI, Z ZSM HIWGVMI EGYQ 1EL-1YHV HMR E
GVIM GYRSE#XIVI ERXMGYP R'IPITX /ETMPE52 #M EP'MM EY SF'MRYX WYGGIWYP R =SKE.
1EL-1YHV 17. &MRRH WIEQE HI MRWXVYG'MYRMPI TVMQMXI HI PE +YVY,
ETWE'M Y#SV TIVMRIYP GY GPGMYP TMGMSVYPYM WXRK.
RXMRHI'M TMGMSVYP HVITX, GXVI I\XIVMSV, #M 'MRI'M-P WXVRW GY EQFIPI QMRM.
(YT GI E'M RGLMW GIPI RSY TSV'M (EPI GSVTYPYM) TPEWE'M FVFME R TMITX. %TSM
GSRGIRXVRH ZMFVE'MMPI QMR'MM, MRWTMVE'M #M VI'MRI'M EIVYP TVMR OYQFLEOE (VI'MRIVI
HYT MRWTMVE'MI EXX HI QYPX GX Z WMQ'M'M GSRJSVXEFMP). %GIEWXE IWXI 1EL-
1YHV, 'MRYX WIGVIX R XSEXI 8ERXVEW. =SKMRYP GY QMRXIE RIGPMRXMX HYT GI E
TVEGXMGEX-S TI WXRKE, XVIFYMI ETSM W-S TVEGXMGI #M TI TEVXIE HVIETX; R XSEXI
GE^YVMPI XVIFYMI W 3I 3\EX WXEFMP EWYTVE TVR]QEGSRXVSPYP 4VERE #M EP
VIWTMVE'MIM.
18. R EGIWX JIP GLMEV #M GIP QEM RIRSVSGSW =SKMR TSEXI SF'MRI WYGGIWYP.
4VMR EGIWXI QMNPSEGI XSEXI REHMW-WYVMPI (GEREPIPI WYFXMPI) HMR GSVT WYRX XVI^MXI
#M TYWI R EGXMZMXEXI; ZME'E #M ZMXEPMXEXIE WYRX GVIWGYXI MEV HIKVEHEVIE PSV IWXI
FPSGEX; XSEXI TGEXIPI WYRX HMWXVYWI. 8SEXI FSPMPI WYRX ZMRHIGEXI, MEV JSGYP
KEWXVMG IWXI EQTPM3GEX. %GIEWXE GSRJIV S JVYQYWI'I JV HIJIGX E GSVTYPYM,
IPMQMRRH QFXVRMVIE #M QSEVXIE. 8SEXI JVYGXIPI HSVMR'IPSV #M TPGIVMPSV WYRX
SF'MRYXI MEV WMQ'YVMPI WYRX GYGIVMXI. =SKMRYP, E#I^EX JIVQ R QIHMXE'MI, SF'MRI,
TVMR TVEGXMG, XSEXI PYGVYVMPI 3\EXI WEY HSVMXI. 2Y XVIFYMI W I\MWXI I^MXEVI R
E JEGI EWXJIP.
19. %GIEWX 1YHV XVIFYMI W 3I 'MRYX WIGVIX GY GIE QEM QEVI KVMN.
3F'MRRH EGIEWXE =SKMRYP XVEZIVWIE^ SGIERYP PYQMM.
20. %GIEWX 1YHV, HIWGVMW HI QMRI, RHITPMRI#XI XSEXI HSVMR'IPI
TVEGXMGERXYPYM; IE XVIFYMI YXMPM^EX R WIGVIX #M RY XVIFYMI HEX XYXYVSV.
1EL-&ERHLE 21. %TSM (HYT 1EL-1YHVE) WI RXMRHI TMGMSVYP (HVITX)
TPEWRHY-P TIWXI TYPT (WXRKE); IWXI GSRXVEGXEX TIVMRIYP #M WI XVEKI ETRE
ZE]/ R WYW, TIRXVY E 3 YRMX GY WEQRE-ZE]/; WI XVEKI TVERE-ZE]/ R NSW #M
ETSM =SKMRYP XVIFYMI W PI YRIEWG TI GIPI XVIM R FYVMG (EHMG TVERE #M ETRE
XVIFYMI W WI YRIEWG GY WEQERE R FYVMG). :-EQ HIWGVMW EGYQ 1EL-&ERHLE,
GEVI EVEX GEPIE HI IQERGMTEVI. 4VMR EGIEWXE XSEXI 4YMHIPI HMR ZEWIPI
GSVTYPYM =SKMRYPYM WYRX TVSTYPWEXI WTVI GET.
%GIEWXE XVIFYMI TVEGXMGEX JV KVEF #M GY QEVI KVMN, EPXIVRERX GY
EQFIPI TMGMSEVIPI.
22. 4VMR EGIEWX TVEGXMG, GYVIR'MM (ZE]) MRXV R GEREPYP HMR QMNPSG EP
7YWLYQERE; GSVTYP IWXI VIZMXEPM^EX, SEWIPI #M QHYZE WYRX RXVMXI, MEV MRMQE
=SKMRYPYM HIZMRI TPMR HI FYGYVMI. 4VMR EGIEWX FERHLE, QEVIPI =SKMR TSEXI
W-#M RHITPMRIEWG XSEXI HSVMR'IPI.
1EL-:IHLE 23. 3 ^IM' E GIPSV XVIM PYQM! 'RH =SKMRYP, R XMQT GI
I\IGYX 1EL-&ERHLE, VIEPM^IE^ YRMVIE WY4YVMPSV, TVERE #M ETRE, RGIX #M
YQTPI ZMWGIVIPI GY IRIVKME EWXJIP SF'MRYX; S XVEKI RGIX GXVI #I^YX (^SRE
WEGVEP E 7YWLYQRE), EGIEWXE WI RYQI#XI 1EL-:IHLE (WI MRZIVWIE^
IZSPY'ME IQFVMSREV).
24. 'IP QEM FYR HMRXVI =SKMRM GEVI GY ENYXSVYP ZE]/ E TXVYRW GY EGIWX
TIVJSVEXSV RSHYP (HSTYP, SFWXEGSPYP), GEVI SFXYVIE^ GEPIE 7YWLYQRE, XVIFYMI
ETSM W WXVTYRK RSHYP PYM &VELQE.
25. 'IP GI TVEGXMG EGIEWX 1EL-:IHLE R QEVI WIGVIX, SF'MRI ZE]/-
WMHHLM (WYGGIW EWYTVE ZRXYPYM: PIZMXE'MI #M XIPIOMRI^MI). (MWXVYKI HIGHIVIE
(QFXVRMVIE, TYXVI^MVIE) #M QSEVXIE.
26. >IMM GEVI PSGYMIWG R GLEOVI ZMFVIE^ HEXSVMX FPRHYPYM MR4Y\ #M
VI4Y\ HI EIV HMR XMQTYP TVEGXMGVMM TVR]QE; QEVIE ^IM' /YQEPM-1EL-
1E]E IWXI EFWSVFMX R QYRXIPI /EMPWE.
27. 1EL-1YHVE #M 1EL-&ERHLE WYRX (HIZMR) JV IJIGX HEG RY WYRX
YVQEXI HI 1EL-:IHLE; HI EGIIE =SKMRYP XVIFYMI W PI TVEGXMGI TI XSEXI XVIM
WYGGIWMZ #M GY QEVI EXIR'MI.
28. 'IP GI TVEGXMG ^MPRMG EGIWXI XVIM 1YHVW, HI TEXVY SVM (PE MRXIVZEP HI
#EWI SVI) GY QEVI KVMN, ZE RZMRKI JV RHSMEP QSEVXIE R #EWI PYRM.
29. 2YQEM WMHHLE53 GYRS#XIEY MQTSVXER'E EGIWXSVE XVIM #M RMQIRM
EPXGMRIZE; GYRSWGRH EGIEWXE TVEGXMGERXYP SF'MRI XSX WYGGIWYP.
30. %GIWXIE XVIFYMI W 3I TWXVEXI WIGVIXI HI TVEGXMGERXYP HSVMXSV W
SF'MR TYXIVIE; EPXJIP IWXI WMKYV G TYXIVMPI HSVMXI RY ZSV TYXIE 3 SF'MRYXI
RMGMSHEX TVMR TVEGXMGE 1YHVW (EG'MYRIE WYFMIGXMZ GSPSVIE^ #M QTMIHMG
TIVGIT'ME VIEPMX'MM).
/LIGLEVM-1YHV 31. R'IPITXYP =SKMR, E#I^EX R TS^M'ME :ENVWERE, RXV-YR
PSG PMFIV HI SVMGI TIVXYVFVM, XVIFYMI W-#M 3\I^I JIVQ TVMZMVIE TI TYRGXYP
HMRXVI GIPI HSY WTVRGIRI; RXSVGRHY-#M PMQFE QYPX RETSM, W-S 3\I^I R
KSPYP HI WYF ITMKPSX, TPEWRH-S GY QEVI KVMN TI KYVE JRXRMM HI RIGXEV
(EHMG W RGLMH XVIGIVIE EIVYPYM). %GIEWX 1YHV, HIWGVMW HI QMRI TIRXVY
Y^YP HMWGMTSPMPSV, QEM IWXI RYQMX /LIGLEVM-1YHV.
32. 8VIFYMI W WI #XMI G EGIEWXE IWXI WYVWE SVMGVYM WYGGIW;
RXSXHIEYRE TVEGXMGRH-S, WI FIE EQFVS^MI ^MPRMG. 4VMR EGIEWXE IP SF'MRI
ZMKVELE-WMHHLM (TYXIVI EWYTVE QMGVSGSWQSWYPYM) GE YR PIY EWYTVE IPIJERXYPYM
QSV'MM" (SF'MRIVIE QSV'MM ETEVIRXI; MRHITIRHIR'E #M WYWTIRHEVIE ZSPYRXEV
TVSGIWIPSV ZMYPYM).
33. (EG IWXI TYV SVM MQTYV, R SVMGI GSRHM'MI EV 3, HEG SF'MRI WYGGIWYP
R /LIGLEVM-1YHV IP HIZMRI (EYXSQEX) TYV. 2Y IWXI RHSMEP R EWXE.
34. 'IP GI TVEGXMG EGIEWXE GLMEV #M TIRXVY S GPMT XVEZIVWIE^ QEVIPI
SGIER EP TGEXIPSV #M HYT GI W-E FYGYVEX HI TPGIVMPI PYQMM (IZ (^IMPSV) IWXI
VIRWGYX RXV-S JEQMPMI RSFMP (GIP GI GSRXMRY IJSVXYP WI RE#XI TIRXVY E HSYE
SEV, GLMEV R EGIEWX ZME', GSQTPIX TYV).
35. 'IP GI TVEGXMG /LIGLEVM-1YHV GEPQ #M JV PIRI RYQV GE
WIGYRHI TIVMSEHI HI WYXI HI &VELQEW (HMPEXEVIE WXEXMG E XMQTYPYM IWXI
WMQMPEV GIPIM VIEPM^EXI HMREQMG).
36. 'IP GI GYRSE#XI /LIGLEVM-1YHV, HYT MRWXVYG'MYRMPI HEXI HI +YVY,
SF'MRI YR WJV#MX REPX, SVMGX HI QEVM EV 3 TGEXIPI WEPI (VIRE#XI RXV-S
GMVGYQWXER' JEZSVEFMP IZSPY'MIM).
37. %GIEWX 1YHV, WGYQT GE ZME'E, RY XVIFYMI HEX SVMGYM; IE XVIFYMI
'MRYX R WIGVIX GY QEVI KVMN.
.PERHLEVE-1YHV 38. (YT GI EM GSRXVEGXEX QY#GLMM KXYPYM, ETEW
FVFME R TMITX. %GIEWXE WI WTYRI G IWXI .PERHLEVE 1YHV.
'LMEV #M ^IMM S TVI'YMIWG GE MRIWXMQEFMP. *SGYP HMKIWXMZ (VITVI^IRXEX R
TPER WSQEXMG #M TVMR WYGYP KEWXVMG) HMR VIKMYRIE SQFMPMGEP FIE RIGXEVYP GEVI
XVERWTMV HMR PSXYWYP GY S QMI HI TIXEPI, WMXYEX R GVI#XIXYP GETYPYM (TYXIQ
EWXJIP TVIZIRM GE RIGXEVYP W 3I GSRWYQEX EPXJIP); TIRXVY E VI'MRI RIGXEVYP
XVIFYMI W 3I TVEGXMGEX EGIEWX &ERHLE.
39. 4VMR EGIEWX &ERHLE, =SKMRYP RWY#M, FIE RIGXEVYP #M SF'MRI
MQSVXEPMXEXIE FYGYVRHY-WI R GIPI XVIM PYQM.
40. %GIEWX .PERHLEVE-1YHV EQTPM3G I3GMIR'E TVEGXMGMM =SKE; =SKMRYP
HSVMXSV HI WYGGIW XVIFYMI W S TVEGXMGI ^MPRMG.
1/PE-&ERHLE 41. %TWRH LSXVX ERYWYP GY GPGMYP, WI XVEKI JSV'EX R
WYW ETRE-ZE]/; TVMRXV-YR IJSVX TVSKVIWMZ #M PIRX R GYVWYP TVEGXMGMM.
%GIEWXE IWXI HIWGVMW GE 1YPE-&ERHLE HMWXVYKXSEVIE QFXVRMVMM #M E
QSV'MM.
42. (EG, R GYVWYP TVEGXMGMM EGIWXIM 1YHV =SKMRYP TSEXI YRM ETRE GY
TVERE ZE]/ EXYRGM EGIEWXE HIZMRI MHIRXMG GY =SRM-1YHV.
43. 'IP GI E VIEPM^EX =SRM-1YHV, GI RY WI TSEXI VIEPM^E HIGX GY QEVI
HM3GYPXEXI R EGIEWX PYQI (#I^RH R TEHQEWERE, PMFIV HI SVMGI KRH)
TVWI#XI WSPYP #M WI QM#G R EIV TVMR ZMVXYXIE EGIWXIM 1YHV.
44. (EG R'IPITXYP =SKMR IWXI HSVMXSV W XVIEG SGIERYP PYQMM, IP XVIFYMI
W TVEGXMGI EGIEWX &ERHLE R WIGVIX, R PSGYVM VIXVEWI (R THYVI, TYWXMY; R
RMGM YR GE^ R GEW WEY RXV-S PSGEPMXEXI, HISEVIGI ETEV #M IJIGXI RIHSVMXI).
:MTEVMXE-/EVERE 45. 4YRRH GETYP TI WSP, IP XVIFYMI W RXMRH TMGMSEVIPI
R WYW, QM#GRHY-PI TIVMSHMG R GIVG. %GIEWXE IWXI :MTEVMXE-/EVERE 'MRYX
WIGVIX R XSEXI 8ERXVEW.
46. =SKMRYP GI TVEGXMG EGIEWXE ^MPRMG XVIM SVI, RJVRKI QSEVXIE #M RY
IWXI HMWXVYW R GYVWYP 4VEPE]E (PE HM^SPZEVIE TVI^IRXYPYM YRMZIVW JIRSQIREP).
47. 'IP GI FIE RIGXEVYP RIQYVMVMM HIZMRI IKEP GY 7MHHLEW53, MEV GIP GI
TVEGXMG EGIEWX &ERHLE HIZMRI YR EHITX RXVI XSEXI GVIEXYVMPI (MRXV R
GYVIRXYP 'MM).
9HHRE-&ERHLE 48. 'RH MRXIWXMRIPI HI HIEWYTVE #M HI HIWYFXYP
FYVMGYPYM WYRX EHYWI R WXRKE WI RYQI#XI 9HHRE-&ERHLE (HMWXVYKXSV E
XYXYVSV TGEXIPSV #M WYJIVMR'IPSV). :MWGIVIPI HMR WXRKE GEZMX'MM EFHSQMREPI
XVIFYMI XVEWI HIEWYTVE FYVMGYPYM. %GIEWXE IWXI 9HHRE-&ERHLE WEY PIYP GEVI
RZMRKI IPIJERXYP QSV'MM.
49. =SKMRYP GEVI S TVEGXMG HI TEXVY SVM TI ^M TYVM3G 'IRXVYP 7SPEV
(FYVMGYP #M VHGMRE) TVMR GEVI 4VERE IWXI EFWSVFMX #M TYVM3GEX. 50. =SKMRYP GY
WMKYVER' RZMRKI QSEVXIE HEG S TVEGXMG XMQT HI #EWI PYRM; JSGYP KEWXVMG
IWXI QFPR^MX #M EVI PSG S GVI#XIVI #M S TYVM3GEVI E 4YMHIPSV GSVTYPYM.
51. 'E S GSRWIGMR' IWXI SF'MRYX HI EWIQIRIE ZMKVELEWMHHLM. 8SEXI
FSPMPI =SKMRYPYM WYRX HMWXVYWI HI EGIEWX FERHLE.
52. (YT GI E E4EX QIXSHE HI PE +YVY, R'IPITXYP =SKMR XVIFYMI W
TVEGXMGI GY QEVI KVMN. %GIEWXE IWXI GIE QEM MREGGIWMFMP 1YHV, XVIFYMI W 3I
TVEGXMGEX RXV-YR PSG VIXVEW #M JV TIVXYVFE'MM.
7LEOXM-'LPER-1YHV 53. 0EW-P TI R'IPITXYP =SKMR GY GSVTYP E#I^EX
RIGPMRXMX #M GY QMRXIE ZMH #M JIVQ W XVEK R WYW TI ^IM'E /YRHEPMRM HSVQMRH
R PSXYWYP HLV, GY ENYXSVYP ETRE-ZE]. %GIEWXE IWXI 7LEOXM-'LPER 1YHV
HXXSEVI E XYXYVSV TYXIVMPSV.
54. 'IP GI TVEGXMG 7LEOXM-'LPER-1YHV ^MPRMG GVI#XI ZME'E #M HMWXVYKI
FSPMPI (MRZIVWIE^ GYVKIVIE R GPITWMHVE ZMI'MM).
55. 4VWMRH WSQRYP, #EVTIPI /YRHEPMRM YVG R WYW: HI EGIIE PEW TI
=SKMRYP HSVMXSV HI TYXIVI W TVEGXMGI EGIEWXE.
56. 'IP GI TVEGXMG QIVIY EGIEWX 7LEOXM-'LPER-1YHV HYT MRHMGE'ME
+YVYPYM WY, SF'MRI ZMKVELEWMHHLM, GEVI H TYXIVIE ERMQE, #M EPXI WMHHLMW #M
IPMQMR XIEQE HI QSEVXI.
57. 'IP GI TVEGXMG FMRI 7LEOXM-'LPERE-1YHV, XMQT HI HSY WIGYRHI #M
GY KVMN, IWXI JSEVXI ETVSETI HI WYGGIW.
%GIEWX 1YHV XVIFYMI W 3I TVEGXMGEX HI =SKMR R TS^M'ME GYZIRMX
(TVIWRH TIVMRIYP GY GPGMYP).
58. %GIWXIE WYRX GIPI ^IGI 1YHVW EP GVSV IKEP RY E I\MWXEX #M RY ZE
I\MWXE; TVMR TVEGXMGE SVMGVIME HMRXVI IPI S TIVWSER HIZMRI 7MHHLE #M SF'MRI
WYGGIWYP.
?238: :ENVSRHM-1YHV HIWGVMW R EGIWX GETMXSP R SVMKMREP IWXI SQMW
HIPMFIVEX EMGM, 3MRHG EGIEWXE IWXI S TVEGXMG TVMRXVI XERXVM#XMM HI GPEW
MRJIVMSEV (R.X.)A
'%4-83090 :
3FWXEGSPIPI R GEPIE =SKE 1. 4VZEXM 3, (SEQRI, 3 MYFMXI 7LEROEV! (I
HVEKYP EGIPSVE EPI GVSV QMR'M WYRX R GYXEVIE WYTVIQYPYM WJV#MX54, WTYRI-QM
GEVI WYRX SFWXEGSPIPI R GEPIE =SKE.
2. 7LMZE %WGYPX, 3 ^IM'! 'M ZSM IRYQIVE EGYQ XSEXI SFWXEGSPIPI GEVI
WXEY R GEPIE =SKE. 4IRXVY EXMRKIVIE IQERGMTVMM (IPMFIVVMM; QRXYMVMM;
VIEPM^VMM SQRMGYRSE#XIVMM #M SQRMTSXIR'IM), GIPI QEM MQTSVXERXI HMRXVI XSEXI
SFWXEGSPIPI WYRX TPGIVMPI PIKEXI HI WEXMWJEGIVIE WMQ'YVMPSV (FLSKE) ?8SEXI
JSVQIPI HI EXE#EVI HI PYQIE JIRSQIREP WYRX HEXSVEXI MKRSVER'IM WXEXMGI #M
HMREQMGIA.
&LSKE (4PGIVMPI WIR^SVMEPI) 3. *IQIMPI (WIR^YEPMXEXIE), TEXYVMPI
(PRGI^IEPE, PIRIE), WGEYRIPI (TS^M'ME WSGMEP, QSFMPMIVYP GSRJSVXEFMP), LEMRIPI
#M FSK'MMPI WYRX SFWXEGSPI R GEPIE =SKE; HI EWIQIRIE FIXIPYP, QRGVYVMPI
KYWXSEWI (VE3REXI), XVWYVMPI (WIHIRXEVMWQYP), VIKEXIPI #M TYXIVIE EWYTVE
GIPSVPE'M SEQIRM; PE JIP EGYQYPEVIE HI FYRYVM (EYV, EVKMRX, GYTVY, TMIXVI
TVI'MSEWI, PIQR HI EPSI) HI VERKYVM #M HI GYRS#XMMR'I; RZ'EVIE :IHEW #M E
7LWXVE (WGVMIVMPI WEGVI); HERWYP, GRXEXYP #M SVREQIRXIPI; LEVTE, 4EYXYP #M
XSFE; GPVMXYP TI IPIJER'M #M TI GEM; WS'MMPI #M GSTMMM; RXVIGIVMPI #M ZRXSVMPI;
FYGYVMMPI PYQI#XM, XSEXI EGIWXIE WYRX HSEV S TEVXI HMRXVI QYPXIPI SFWXEGSPI.
%GIWXIE WYRX SFWXEGSPI GI MEY RE#XIVI HMR &LSKE (EXE#EVIE HI TPGIVMPI
WIR^SVMEPI). %WGYPX EGYQ SFWXEGSPIPI GI MEY RE#XIVI HMR VIPMKME VMXYEP.
(LEVQE (VMXYEPMWQYP VIPMKMIM) 4. 9VQXSEVIPI WYRX SFWXEGSPIPI TI GEVI
VMXYEPMWQYP PI-E MRXIVTYW (RXVI SQ #M (YQRI^IY): EFPY'MYRM, VYKGMYRM PE
^IMX'M, VIWTIGXEVIE ^MPIPSV WEGVI EPI PYRMM, WEGVM3GMYP JSGYPYM, XRNMVIE HYT
VI^YPXEX (MRGPYWMZ 1SOWLE), R PSG HI E WI EXE#E HI GEPIE GEVI GSRHYGI PE
1SOWLE, VIKYPM HI QSVEP (WXVMRI HI 1SOWLE), NYVQMRXI #M TSGMR'
?WYTYRIVI JE' HI MIVEVLME WSGMEP #M JEQMPMEV E ZEPSVMPSVA, TSWXYVM I\GIWMZI
(TVMZEVI HI EPMQIRXI), VIWTIGXYP YRSV RHEXSVMVM VIPMKMSEWI, XGIVIE
(MQSFMPMWQYP), WTIGXEGSPI #M WEGVM3GMM HI XSX JIPYP (MRZIRXEVIE HI WVFXSVM #M
VMXYEPYVM TIVMSHMGI, HIGPER#EVIE YRSV V^FSEMI W3RXI TIRXVY E QIR'MRI
TSPEVM^EVIE EXIR'MIM SEQIRMPSV R EJEV), SFPMKE'ME IJIGXYVMM HI WEGVM3GMM #M
NYVQMRXI HI TSWXMVI ('LERHVE]EQE) #M E YRSV TIPIVMRENI PE PSGYVMPI W3RXI (E
JSWX WXMQYPEX GYXEVIE I\XIVMSEV #M VXGMVIE HI#M XI\XIPI WEGVI EPI SQIRMVMM
WYW'MR GEPIE E#I^VMM" #M GYXVMM R MRXIVMSV E 7MRIPYM #M E QTV'MIM PYM
(YQRI^IY), EXE#EVIE HI GYXEVIE R EJEV E PMRM#XMM #M WIGYVMX'MM ?VMXYEPYVM
SVMIRXEXI KVI#MX; GYXEVIE EGYQYPVMM FSK'MMPSV, JEMQIM #M YVGVMM R MIVEVLMMPI
WSGMEPI EVXM3GMEPI (GEWXI #M VERKYVM MRZIRXEXI); PMRM#XIE #M MRZYPRIVEFMPMXEXIE
WYRX MQTSWMFMP HI EXMRW HEG IWXI QIR'MRYX EXE#EVIE, SVMIRXEVIE #M
HITIRHIR'E JE' HI PYQIE I\XIVMSEVA; XSPIVEVIE HIPMFIVEX E GMPSV KVI#MXI
?TVEGXMGM EWGIXMGI I\GIWMZI, MRYXMPI #M RSGMZI, GEVI HI#M RY EY GSRHYW TI RMQIRM
PE -PYQMREVI, EY JSWX XSPIVEXI TIRXVY G EY JYVRM^EX I\IQTPI HIQRI HI IZMXEX,
JSPSWMXI TIRXVY E 3 QIR'MRYXI HITIRHIR'E #M WYTYRIVIE SEQIRMPSV R JE'E
TYXIVMM PEMGI EPMEX GY GIE VIPMKMSEWA; EQTPM3GEVIE HMNYRG'MIM HMRXVI
GSRXIQTPEXSV #M SFMIGXYP GSRXIQTPVMM ?TVISXYP S3GMERX EP VMXYEPYPYM W-E
MRXIVTYW RXVI SQ #M %FWSPYX, IPMQMRRHY-WI PIKXYVE HMVIGX E 3IGVYME;
QTV'ME PYM (YQRI^IY E JSWX TPEWEX HIPMFIVEX R I\XIVMSV, R 'IVYVM; R PMTWE
I\TIVMIR'IM HMVIGXI W-E TMIVHYX GVIHMR'E #M E JSWX JEZSVM^EX ETEVM'ME YRIM
QYPXMTPMGMX'M HI GVIHMR'I HITIRHIRXI HI TYXIVIE XIQTSVEV, R WPYNFE GVSVE
EY JSWX HI JETX TYWI: PEMGM^EVIE TSVYRGMPSV VIPMKMSEWI WYF JSVQE RSVQIPSV
QSVEPI E WPYNMX I\XMRHIVMM TYXIVMM #M EGYQYPVMM HI VIWYVWI QEXIVMEPI, IRIVKIXMGI
#M YQERI HI GXVI KYZIVRER'M; GYGIVMVMPI XIVMXSVMEPI EY JSWX JEZSVM^EXI HI
GSPSRM^EVIE VIPMKMSEW, GEVI E #XIVW XVEHM'MMPI (MRGPYWMZ TVMR ZREVIE #M
IPMQMREVIE 3^MG E VITVI^IRXER'MPSV EPXSV GYVIRXI HI KRHMVI #M I\TIVMQIRXEVI,
WEY TVMR MRGIRHMIVIE FMFPMSXIGMPSV, GI RY TYXIEY 3 TYWI WYF GSRXVSP) #M E
VITVSKVEQEX GSRGITXYEP, EJIGXMZ #M WIR^SVMEP SEQIRMM, TIRXVY E HIZIRM
ZYPRIVEFMPM PE QMNPSEGIPI HI QERMTYPEVI YXMPM^EXI R WGSTYP HI E 3 RWXVMRE'M #M
VSFSXM^E'M.A
.RE ?'YRSE#XIVIE QMNPSGMX IVSREXA (GYRSE#XIVIE QMNPSGMX IVSREX
WEY HMR EXE#EVIE HI GYRSE#XIVIE I\XIVMSV) 5. %GYQ ZSQ TVI^IRXE SFWXEGSPIPI
GEVI TVSZMR HMR GYRSE#XIVI. %#I^EVIE R +SQYOL-EWERE #M TVEGXMGEVIE (LEYXM
(WTPEVIE MRXIWXMRIPSV R ,EXLE =SKE). 'YRSE#XIVIE HMWXVMFY'MIM RHMWYVMPSV
(ZEWIPSV WYFXMPI HMR GSVTYP YQER); RZ'EVIE TVEX]LVE (E QSHEPMX'MPSV HI
WYFNYKEVI E WMQ'YVMPSV); RGIVGEVIE HI XVI^MVI E JSV'IM /YRHEPMRM TVMR QM#GEVIE
VETMH E WXSQEGYPYM (YR TVSGIW HMR ,EXLE =SKE); MRXVEVIE TI HVYQYP -RHVM]EW,
#M GYRSE#XIVIE EG'MYRMM RHMWYVMPSV. %GYQ EWGYPX HIWTVI RS'MYRMPI KVI#MXI HI
HMIX. 2S'MYRM KVI#MXI HI HMIX.
%GIE WEQHLM (XVERW) GI TSEXI 3 MRHYW HISHEX TVMR MRKIVEVIE YRSV
WYFWXER'I GLMQMGI WEY QRGRH ERYQMXI JIPYVM HI EPMQIRXI, IWXI S KVI#IEP.
%GYQ ZIM EY^M HIWTVI MR4YIR'E GSQTERMIM.
-R4YIR'E GSQTERMIM.
7. &MRI GSQTERMI ZMVXYSWYPYM #M IZMX TI EGIIE E ZMGMSWYPYM"RY IWXI
(RXSXHIEYRE) S E3VQE'MI GSVIGX.
1WYVEVIE KVIYX'MM #M Y#YVMQMM EIVYPYM MRWTMVEX #M I\TMVEX (IWXI S MHII
IVSREX).
8. &VELQER IWXI R GSVT"; )P IWXI VIEPM^EXSVYP JSVQIM"; )P EVI S
JSVQ"; )P RY EVI JSVQ" SVM )P IWXI XSXYP"; XSEXI EGIWXI HSGXVMRI WYRX
SFWXEGSPI. %GIWXI RS'MYRM WYRX MQTIHMQIRXI #M RKLI'VM ZIVFEPI EPI JSVQIM
.RE (GYRSE#XIVI).
4EXVY JIPYVM HI =SKE 9. =SKE, GEVI XVERWGIHI HYEPMXEXIE, IWXI HI TEXVY
JIPYVM: 1ERXVE-=SKE, ,EXLE-=SKE, 0E]E-=SKE #M 6ENE-=SKE.
7HLEOE (EWTMVER'M) 10. 8VIFYMI GYRSWGYX G EWTMVER'MM WYRX HI TEXVY
JIPYVM: WPEFM (PMTWM'M HI IRIVKMI), QSHIVE'M, EV^XSVM #M GIM QEM EV^XSVM
?IRXY^ME#XM; R4GVE'MA GIM QEM FYRM GEVI TSX XVIGI SGIERYP PYQMM.
7PEFM (FYRM TIRXVY 1ERXVE-=SKE) 11. 3EQIRM RIRXVITVMR^XSVM, GSQS^M,
FSPREZM #M GIM GEVI KWIWG HIJIGXI TVSJIWSVMPSV PSV, GIM EZEVM, TGXS#M,
KYVQER^M #M EXE#E'M JV ENYXSV HI WS'MMPI PSV; GIM RIWXEXSVRMGM (MRWXEFMPM), XMQM^M,
FSPREZM, HITIRHIR'M #M GVY^M, GIM EP GVSV GEVEGXIV IWXI VY #M GIM GI WYRX MRIV'M
(MRHSPIR'M) EGI#XME XS'M WYRX EWTMVER'M WPEFM. %GI#XM SEQIRM SF'MR WYGGIW R
HSMWTVI^IGI ERM GY QEVI IJSVX; TI IM TVSJIWSVYP M KWI#XI FYRM TIRXVY 1ERXVE-
=SKE.
1SHIVE'M (FYRM TIRXVY 0E]E-=SKE) 12. 'IM GY QMRXIE PMFIV, FPR^M,
GYQTXE'M, HSVMXSVM HI ZMVXYXI, HYPGM R ZSVF; GEVI RMGMSHEX RY ENYRK PE
I\XVIQI R RMGM S EG'MYRI.
%GI#XME XVIFYMI W 3I MRM'ME'M HI TVSJIWSVYP PSV R 0E]E-=SKE (#M SF'MR
WYGGIWYP R RSY ERM).
%V^XSVM (FYRM TIRXVY ,EXLE-=SKE) 13. 'IM GY QMRXIE PMRM#XMX, GEVI
GYRSWG 0E]E-=SKE #M WYRX MRHITIRHIR'M, TPMRM HI IRIVKMI #M HI ZMXEPMXEXI, TPMRM
HI WMQTEXMI, MIVXXSVM, HEVRMGM, GMRWXM'M, GYVENS#M, TPMRM HI GVIHMR'; GIM GEVI WI
RGLMR PE TMGMSEVIPI +YVYPYM PSV, #M GEVI WYRX ERKENE'M TIVQERIRX R TVEGXMGE
=SKE EGI#XM SEQIRM WYRX EHLMQXVE58. )M SF'MR WYGGIW R TVEGXMGE =SKE R 6
ERM #M XVIFYMI W 3I MRM'ME'M R ,EXLE-=SKE #M R VEQYVMPI WEPI.
'IM QEM EV^XSVM (FYRM TIRXVY XSEXI VEQYVMPI =SKE) 14. 'IM GEVI EY GIE
QEM QEVI GERXMXEXI HI IRIVKMI, GIM RXVITVMR^XSVM, ERKENE'M #M IVSMGM (GEVI
WEGVM3G SVMGI EPXGIZE), GEVI GYRSWG 7LWXVEW (7GVMTXYVMPI) #M TIVWIZIVIE^; GIM
PMFIVM HI IJIGXIPI IQS'MMPSV SEVFI, GIM GEVI RY WI XYPFYV Y#SV #M GIM GEVI WYRX
XMRIVM (TVMQE TEVXI E XMRIVI'MM); GIM QSHIVE'M R HMIX, GEVI #M WXTRIWG
WMQ'YVMPI; GIM JV JVMG, GYVE'M #M RHIQREXMGM; GIM GEVI WYRX YR ENYXSV TIRXVY
XS'M; GIM GSQTIXIR'M, JIVQM, XEPIRXE'M, QIVIY IKEPM #M QYP'YQM'M; GIM MIVXXSVM,
EZRH S REXYV FYR #M GIM VIPMKMS#M, XGY'M #M QSHI#XM (GEVI #M 'MR WXVHYMR'IPI
WIGVIXI); GIM GY FPRHI'I R ZSVF #M GIM TE#RMGM (FPR^M, RIEKVIWMZM, TEGM3GM);
GIM GEVI EY GVIHMR' R 7LWXVEW #M WI TVIHEY (WI RGLMR) PYM (YQRI^IY #M
QEIWXVYPYM PSV (+YVY); GIM GEVI EY EZIVWMYRI W-#M TMEVH XMQTYP R WSGMIXEXI;
GIM GEVI RY WYRX FSPREZM #M GEVI WYRX SFM#RYM'M GY HEXSVMMPI EHLMQXVE; IM GEVI
TVEGXMG 3IGEVI VEQYV (ERKE) HI =SKE; XS'M EGI#XME SF'MR, JV RHSMEP,
WYGGIWYP R XVIM ERM #M TSX 3 MRM'ME'M R SVMGI VEQYV =SKE, JV RMGM S I^MXEVI.
-RZSGEVIE YQFVIM (4VEXMOSTWERE) 15. -RZSGEVIE YQFVIM (4VEXMOE)
GSRJIV HMWGMTSPYPYM EXX ZM^MYRIE EWYTVE SFMIGXIPSV Z^YXI GX #M EGIIE
EWYTVE SFMIGXIPSV RIZ^YXI; JV RHSMEP SF'MRRH EGIEWX ZIHIVI EYXIRXMG
SQYP HIZMRI TYV.
16. (EG ZIM TWXVE S TVMZMVI 3\ (PE MR3RMX, TVMZMRH R KSP) ZIM VIY#M W
ZI^M TI GIVYP GPEV #M WIRMR, MPYQMREX HI WSEVI, TVSTVME XE VI4I\MI HMZMR
(YQFVE); SVM HI GXI SVM EGIEWXE IWXI Z^YX, GLMEV #M TIRXVY S WMRKYV
WIGYRH TI GIV ZIM ZIHIE HISHEX TI (YQRI^IY.
17. 'IP GEVI ^MPRMG #M ZIHI YQFVE WE TI GIV, ZE GVI#XI RYQVYP ERMPSV WM
#M RY ZE TMIVM RXV-S QSEVXI EGGMHIRXEP.
18. (EG YQFVE IWXI Z^YX R RXVIKMQI, VI4IGXEX R GQTYP GIVYPYM,
EXYRGM GIP GI TVEGXMG =SKE, SF'MRI ZMGXSVME; IP GYGIVI#XI (GSRXVSPIE^) ZE] #M
TSEXI W QIEVK SVMYRHI HSVI#XI (TVMR PIZMXE'MI MEV YPXIVMSV TVMR XVERWPSGE'MI).
'YQ XVIFYMI W 3I MRZSGEX YQFVE
R QSQIRXYP VWVMXYPYM SVM TI PYR TPMR, HMWGMTSPYP XVIFYMI W-#M 3\I^I
TVMZMVIE TI KXYP YQFVIM TI GEVI S EVYRG (TI WSP); ETSM HYT YR XMQT, W WI
YMXI WTVI GIV; HEG ZE ZIHIE S YQFV KVM GSQTPIX TI GIV, IWXI FMRI #M ZE
XVIFYM WXEFMPM^EX JIRSQIRYP.
19. 'IP GEVI TVEGXMG QIVIY EGIEWXE GYRSE#XI 4EVEQXQ13 #M HIZMRI
R RXVIKMQI JIVMGMX, TVMR KVE'ME YQFVIM WEPI.
20. R QSQIRXYP RGITIVMM YRIM GPXSVMM, E YRIM GWRMGMM (QEVMEN), PYGVVM
WEY R GE^ HI HM3GYPXEXI (RIGE^, WYJIVMR', ^FYGMYQ) EGIEWX TVEGXMG IWXI HI
QEVI JSPSW. %GIEWX MRZSGEVI E YQFVIM HMWXVYKI TGEXIPI #M GVI#XI ZMVXYXIE,
?HEXSVMX VIWXEFMPMVMM PIKXYVMM GY M^ZSVYP ZMI'MM (4EVEQXQE)A.
21. 4VMR TVEGXMG GSRXMRY, IP RGITI R GIPI HMR YVQ W ZEH MQEKMRIE
HMZMR R TVSTVME WE MRMQ; #M EWXJIP =SKMRYP TIVWIZIVIRX SF'MRI IPMFIVEVIE.
6ENE-=SKE59 22. 4VEGXMGERXYP XVIFYMI W-#M EWXYTI YVIGLMPI GY HIKIXIPI
QEVM, SGLMM GY MRHI\YP, RVMPI GY HIKIXIPI QMNPSGMM #M GY GIPIPEPXI TEXVY HIKIXI
VQEWI W ETIWI TI FY^E WYTIVMSEV #M MRJIVMSEV. =SKMRYP GEVI #M 'MRI EWXJIP
RIGPMRXMX EIVYP", #M ZIHI WY4IXYP WY WYF JSVQ HI PYQMR.
23. 'RH GMRIZE ZIHI JV SFWXEGSP, GLMEV #M TIRXVY S GPMT, EGIEWX
PYQMR IWXI IPMFIVEX HI TGEX #M EXMRKI GIP QEM REPX WJV#MX.
24. =SKMRYP, IPMFIVEX HI TGEXI, GEVI TVEGXMG GSRXMRYY EGIWX I\IVGM'MY,
HIZMRI YRE GY EGIP 7Y4IX (PYQMRSW) #M #M YMX GSVTYVMPI WEPI (3^MG, WYFXMP #M
GEY^EP).
25. 'IP GI TVEGXMG EGIWX I\IVGM'MY R WIGVIX, IWXI EFWSVFMX R &VELQER,
HI#M E WZV#MX JETXI TGXSEWI.
26. %GIWX I\IVGM'MY XVIFYMI TWXVEX WIGVIX; EGIWXE GSRHYGI HISHEX PE
GSRZMKIVI (GVIHMR' FE^EX TI I\TIVMIR'); IP GSRJIV SEQIRMPSV 2MVZERE.
%GIEWXE IWXI =SKE GIE QEM HVEK QMI. (EXSVMX TVEGXMGMM KVEHEXI E EGIWXYME
=SKMRYP RGITI W EYH WYRIXIPI QMWXMGI (RHEW).
7YRIXIPI %RLEH60 27. 4VMQYP WYRIX GEVI ETEVI IWXI GE YR LYQ" EP
YRSV EPFMRI QFXEXI HI QMIVI; ETSM WYRIXYP YRYM 4EYX; YVQIE^, HYT EGIIE,
WYRIXYP YRIM LEVTI; HYT EGIEWXE, GE YVQEVI E TVEGXMGVMM KVEHEXI E GMM =SKE,
GEVI HMWXVYKI RXYRIVMGYP PYQMM EYHI WYRIXIPI GPSTSXIPSV; ETSM WYRIXIPI GE EPI
XYRIXYPYM (YRIM GEWGEHI). 'RH GMRIZE #M 3\IE^ JV JVMG RXVIEKE EXIR'MI TI
EGIWXI WYRIXI, IP SF'MRI EFWSVF'ME GSQTPIX (IRWXE^E; 7EQEHLM; -PYQMREVIE).
28. 'RH QMRXIE YRYM =SKMR IWXI GSQTPIX ERKENEX (EXE#EX,
GSRGIRXVEX) R EGIWX WYRIX, IP YMX HI XSEXI PYGVYVMPI I\XIVRI (SF'MRI
HIXE#EVIE HI PYQIE JIRSQIREP; YMXEVIE) #M IWXI EQTPM3GEX EFWSVF'ME R
EGIWX WYRIX.
29. 4VMR EGIEWX TVEGXMG =SKE IP GYGIVI#XI (XVERWGIHI) XSEXI GIPI XVIM
GEPMX'M (KYREW7) #M HYEPMXEXIE (FMRI-VY); #M 3MRH PMFIV HI XSEXI WXVMPI
(GSRHM'MSREXI) IP SF'MRI EFWSVF'ME R GLMHOWLE (IXIVYP MRXIPMKIR'IM WEY EP
GSR#XMMR'IM23).
9R WIGVIX ?I\TIVMIR'E ERXMGMTEX E WEPZVMMA 30. 2Y I\MWX TS^M'MI HI
ZEPSEVIE 7MHHLWERE (4S^M'ME TIVJIGX), RMGM S TYXIVI TVIGYQ /YQFLE
(VI'MRIVIE WY4YPYM), RMGM S 1YHV TVIGYQ /LIGLEVM (RGLMHIVIE GMVGYMXIPSV
IRIVKIXMGI WYFXMPI) #M RMGM S EFWSVF'MI GE EGIIE HEXSVEX REH (WYRIXYPYM
QMWXMG).
31. %GYQ ZSM HIWGVMI I\TIVMIR'E ERXMGMTEX E WEPZVMM TI GEVI
GYRSWGRH-S GLMEV #M EWTMVERXYP TGXSW TSEXI SF'MRI QRXYMVIE.
32. (YT EHSVEVIE (TVIHEVIE R JE'E) PYM (YQRI^IY, E#E GYQ XVIFYMI, #M
HYT RHITPMRMVIE GIPSV QEM I3GMIRXI XILRMGM =SKE, 3MRH E#I^EX RXV-S WXEVI
GEPQ #M 3\, #M RXV-S TS^M'MI (WXEFMP) EZRH QIVIY EGIPIE#M GEVEGXIVMWXMGM,
R'IPITXYP =SKMR XVIFYMI W W WI MRM'MI^I R EGIEWX =SKE TVMR TPGIVIE +YVYPYM
WY.
33. (YT GI E HVYMX XSEXI ZMXIPI #M TVSTVMIX'MPI +YVYPYM GEVI GYRSE#XI
=SKE, #M HYT GI P-E QYP'YQMX GY QEVI KVMN, TIVQMXI HMWGMTSPYPYM R'IPITX W
TVMQIEWG EGIEWX MRM'MIVI.
34. (YT GI M-E QYP'YQMX TI &VELQERM (#M TI GIMPEP'M TVIS'M) HRHY-PI
XSEXI JIPYVMPI HI PYGVYVM FYRI (VIRYR'RH PE FYRYVM #M EPXI WYVWI HI EXE#EVI,
GSRXIWXEVI WEY HMWTYX), HMWGMTSPYP R'IPITX XVIFYMI W TVMQIEWG EGIEWX =SKE
R GEWE QIE (EHMG XIQTPYP PYM 7LMZE) R HITPMRE TYVMXEXI E MRMQMM (GIPYM GEVI RY
EVI GSQSVM #M GSR4MGXI TI TQRX).
35. (YT GI E VIRYR'EX TVMR QIXSHIPI HI QEM WYW PE XSEXI GSVTYVMPI
TVIGIHIRXI (VI^YPXEXI EPI OEVQIPSV XVIGYXI) #M 3MRH R GSVTYP WTMVMXYEP (SVM
PYQMRSW) =SKMRYP XVIFYMI W TVMQIEWG GIE QEM REPX =SKE.
36. "I^RH R 4EHQWERE (4S^M'ME 0SXYW) R WSPMXYHMRI #M XGIVI
(VIRYR'RH PE WSGMIXEXIE WIQIRMPSV), =SKMRYP XVIFYMI W-#M TVIWI^I GIPI HSY
ZMNRERE RHMW (ZEWIPI GSR#XMMR'IM; TSWMFMP EVXIVIPI GEVSXMHI) GY HSY HIKIXI.
37. 3F'MRRH WYGGIWYP R EGIEWX TVEGXMG, IP HIZMRI TPMR HI JIVMGMVI #M
IWXI XVERWTEVIRX QIRXEP (RIGSPSVEX, HIXE#EX); HI EGIIE XVIFYMI W WI
WXVHYMEWG GY XSEX TYXIVIE.
38. 'IP GI TVEGXMG EGIEWXE QIVIY SF'MRI WYGGIWYP R WGYVX XMQT; IP
VIEPM^IE^ HI EWIQIRIE ZE]/-WMHHLM.
39. =SKMRYP, GEVI JEGI EGIEWXE QGEV SHEX, HMWXVYKI GY EHIZVEX XSEXI
TGEXIPI #M SF'MRI JV RHSMEP MRXVEVIE ZE]/W R GEREPYP HMR QMNPSG.
40. =SKMRYP, GEVI TVEGXMG EGIEWXE GY TIVWIZIVIR', IWXI HMZMRM^EX GLMEV
#M HI ^IM; IP SF'MRI TYXIVMPI TWMLMGI GYQ WYRX ERMQE, PEKLMQ, #.E. #M TSEXI
QIVKI SVMYRHI R GIPI XVIM PYQM, EXYRGM GRH HSVI#XI.
41. R JYRG'MI HI TYXIVIE GYMZE HI E TVEGXMGE GSRXVSPYP ZE]/, IP SF'MRI
GSQERHE HITPMR EWYTVE GSVTYPYM WY; R'IPITXYP, VQRRH R 7TMVMX, WI
FYGYV HI PYQI R GSVTYP TVI^IRX.
42. %GIEWX TVEGXMG =SKE IWXI JSEVXI WIGVIX #M RY TSEXI 3 HEX XYXYVSV;
EGIWX WIGVIX TSEXI 3 VIZIPEX RYQEM EGIPYM SQ PE GEVI XSEXI ETXMXYHMRMPI
(TVSKVIWIPI) HI =SKMR WYRX SFWIVZEXI.
43. =SKMRYP XVIFYMI W WI E#I^I R 4EHQWERE, W-#M 3\I^I EXIR'ME
EWYTVE GEZMX'MM KXYPYM; W-#M TPEWI^I PMQFE PE FE^E TEPEXYPYM; TVMR EGIEWXE IP
ZE WXMRKI JSEQIE #M WIXIE.
44. 7YF GEZMXEXIE KXYPYM I\MWX YR JVYQSW RHM (ZEW) RYQMX OYVQE;
GRH =SKMRYP 3\IE^ EXIR'ME TI EGIWXE, SF'MRI S QEVI GSRGIRXVEVI E
TVMRGMTMYPYM KRHMVMM (GLMXXE).
45. 'RH =SKMRYP WI KRHI#XI GSRWXERX G E SF'MRYX GIP HI-EP XVIMPIE
SGLM (SGLMYP PYM 7LMZE WMXYEX R QMNPSGYP JVYR'MM), EXYRGM IP TIVGITI YR JSG
WXVPYGMXSV GE JYPKIVYP. 'SRXIQTPRH EWYTVE EGIWXIM PYQMRM (JYPKIV), XSEXI
TGEXIPI WYRX HMWXVYWI #M GIE QEM TGXSEW TIVWSER SF'MRI GIP QEM REPX
WJV#MX (QRXYMVIE, IPMFIVEVIE).
46. (EG =SKMRYP I\TIVMQIRXEX WI KRHI#XI PE EGIEWX PYQMR ^M #M
RSETXI, IP ZIHI 7MHHLEW (W3R'M, WIQM-^IM, EHIT'M MPYQMRE'M) #M TSEXI GY
WMKYVER' W GSRZIVWI^I GY IM.
47. 'IP GI GSRXIQTP WL/R]E (ZMHYP WEY WTE'MYP) R XMQT GI WI TPMQF SVM
WX R TMGMSEVI, HEG ZMWIE^ SVM IWXI XVIE^, HIZMRI RXVY XSXYP IXIVMG #M IWXI
EFWSVFMX R GLMH-OWLE ?HSQIRMYP 'SR#XMMR'IM EFWSPYXI #M SQRMTVI^IRXI ('LMX),
MHIEXMG PYM &VELQERA.
48. =SKMRYP HSVMXSV HI WYGGIW XVIFYMI RXSXHIEYRE W SF'MR EGIEWX
GYRSE#XIVI; TVMR I\IVGM'MY TIVMSHMG IP HIZMRI IKEPYP 1IY (7LMZE, &VELQER,
%FWSPYX, (YQRI^IY); TVMR JSV'E EGIWXIM GYRSE#XIVM IP HIZMRI MYFMX HI XS'M
(VEHME^ MYFMVI).
49. (YT GI E GYGIVMX XSEXI IPIQIRXIPI 3MRH ZMH HI XSEXI WTIVER'IPI #M
HI XSEXI PIKXYVMPI PYQI#XM, HEG
=SKMRYP WI E#IE^ R 4EHQWERE, #M #M 3\IE^ TVMZMVIE TI ZVJYP REWYPYM,
EXYRGM QMRXIE WE HIZMRI QSEVX (ZMH, JV 4YGXYE'MM QIRXEPI), IP SF'MRI
TYXIVIE WTMVMXYEP RYQMX /LIGLEVM.
50. 1EVIPI =SKMR ^VI#XI 0YQMRE TYV, GE WJRXYP QYRXI (/EMPW), #M TVMR
JSV'E I\IVGM'MYPYM WY IP HIZMRI WXTRYP (WPYNMXSVYP) #M T^MXSVYP 0YQMRMM.
51. RXMR^RHY-WI TI TQRX, IP XVIFYMI W GSRXIQTPI EGIEWX PYQMR;
TVSGIHRH EWXJIP, XSEX TPMGXMWIEPE (HI^KYWXYP), WPFMGMYRIE #M SFSWIEPE WYRX
HMWXVYWI. 'SRXIQTPRH TEVXIE HMR WTEXI E GETYPYM (HEV #M E GSVTYPYM) WY IP
HIZMRI GYGIVMXSVYP QSV'MM. ?%RXIVMSV EQ HIWGVMW IJIGXYP 3\VMM EXIR'MIM GYMZE
EWYTVE WTE'MYPYM HMRXVI WTVRGIRI, E#E G RY E QEM JSWX VITIXEX EMGM.A 52. (MR
GIPI TEXVY JIPYVM HI LVER (EHMG EGIIE GEVI IWXI QIWXIGEX, EGIIE GEVI IWXI
WYTX, EGIIE GEVI IWXI PMRW #M EGIIE GEVI IWXI FYX), TI GEVI YR SQ PI
QRRG, WI TVSHYGI YR 4YMH GEVI IWXI XVERWJSVQEX R XVIM TV'M. 'IE QEM
FYR TEVXI (GIP QEM 3R I\XVEGX EP LVERIM) QIVKI W LVRIEWG GSVTYP WYFXMP
(0MRKE-7LEVVE, WIHMYP JSV'IM, WEY 7/OWLQE-7LEVVE59); E HSYE, SVM TEVXIE
QMNPSGMI E 4YMHYPYM RYXVMXMZ, LVRI#XI GSVTYP 3^MG (GSVTYP WEY RZIPM#YP KVSWMIV:
7XL/PE-7LEVVE) GSQTYW HMR GIPI #ETXI YQSVM (HLXYW).
53. % XVIME SVM TEVXIE MRJIVMSEV TVWI#XI GSVTYP WYF JSVQ HI
I\GVIQIRXI #M YVMR. 4VMQIPI HSY IWIR'I EPI LVERIM WI KWIWG R RHMW #M
WYRX XVERWTSVXEXI HI IPI; IPI LVRIWG GSVTYP HI PE GET PE TMGMSEVI.
54. 'RH ZE]/ WI QM#G TVMR XSEXI RHMW-YVMPI, EXYRGM, HEXSVMX EGIWXYM
ZE]/ 4YMHIPI GSVTYPYM SF'MR S I\XVESVHMREV JSV' #M IRIVKMI.
55. 'IPI QEM MQTSVXERXI HMRXVI EGIWXI RHMW-YVM WYRX R RYQV HI
TEXVYWTVI^IGI, #M WYRX HMWXVMFYMXI R HMJIVMXI TV'M EPI GSVTYPYM, RHITPMRMRH
HMZIVWI JYRG'MM. )PI WYRX 3I WPEFI SVM TYXIVRMGI, #M TVERE (IRIVKME ZMXEP) GYVKI
TVMR IPI.
'IPI #EWI 'LEOVEW 1. 'LEOVE 1YPHLVE 56. (SY HIKIXI HIEWYTVE
VIGXYPYM #M HSY HIKIXI WYF 0MRK, TEXVY HIKIXI R P'MQI, I\MWX YR WTE'MY GE
S VHGMR R JSVQ HI FYPF.
57. R EGIWX WTE'MY WI E4 =SRM (M^ZSVYP)61 EZRH JE'E GXVI TEVXIE
TSWXIVMSEV; EGIP WTE'MY IWXI RYQMX VHGMR"; EGSPS PSGYMI#XI ^IM'E /YRHEPMRM.
%GIEWXE RGSRNYV GE YR #EVTI XSEXI REHMWYVMPI #M EVI XVIM WTMVI #M NYQXEXI; #M
'MRRHY-#M GSEHE R KYV, WI SHMLRI#XI R KSPYP 7YWLYQR.
58. >IM'E /YRHEPMRM HSEVQI EGSPS GE YR #EVTI, #M IWXI PYQMRSEW TVMR
TVSTVME WE PYQMR. 'E YR #EVTI XVMI#XI RXVI RGLIMIXYVM; IWXI ^IM'E PMQFENYPYM
#M QEM IWXI RYQMX WQR' (FNE #M ZNE62).
59. 4PMR HI IRIVKMI GE #M EYVYP, EV^XSV W #XMM G EGIEWX /YRHEPMRM IWXI
TYXIVIE (7LEOXM) EP PYM :MWLRY; IE IWXI QEQE GIPSV XVIM +YREW7 (GEPMX'M)
?WEXXZE (IGLMPMFVY, VMXQ), VENEW (EKMXE'MI, IRIVKMI) #M XEQE# (MRIV'MI, ETEXMI)A.
60. %GSPS, JVYQSEW GE 4SEVIE &ERHLYO, IWXI TPEWEX WQR'E JSGYPYM
HMZMR EP MYFMVMM: 0%1; EGIEWXE IWXI WXVPYGMXSEVI GE EYVYP EV^RH #M IWXI
HIWGVMW R =SKE GE 3MRH IXIVR.
61. 7YWLYQR HI EWIQIRIE S QFV'M#IE^ 3MRHG JVYQSEWE WQR'
IWXI EGSPS; EGIEWXE WI SHMLRI#XI EGSPS WXVPYGMRH GE S PYR HI XSEQR, GY
PYQMRS^MXEXIE E QMPMSERI HI WSVM #M VGIEPE E QMPMSERI HI PYRM. >IM'E 8VMT/VE
&LEMVEZM EVI EGIWXIE XVIM (JSG, WSEVI, PYR) PYEXI QTVIYR #M IWXI RYQMX ZNE.
%GIEWXE IWXI HI EWIQIRIE RYQMX 1EVIE IRIVKMI".
62. :NE IWXI HSXEX GY TYXIVM HI EG'MYRI (QM#GEVI) #M WIR^E'MI #M GMVGYP
TVMR RXVIKYP GSVT. %GIEWXE IWXI WYFXMP #M EVI S 4EQ GE HI JSG; YRISVM WI
VMHMG #M EPXISVM GEHI R ET. %GIEWXE IWXI 1EVIE IRIVKMI" GEVI WX R
TIVMRIYQ #M QEM IWXI RYQMX 7ZE]EQFLY-0MRKE (EYXS-RWGYX)63.
63. 8SEX EGIEWXE IWXI RYQMX HLV-TEHQE (PSXYW WYTSVX)64 #M GIPI
TEXVY TIXEPI EPI WEPI WYRX HIWIQREXI HI PMXIVIPI Z, W, , .
64. 0RK EGIWX 7ZE]EQFLY-0MRKE IWXI S VIKMYRI EYVMX RYQMX /YPE
(JEQMPMI); EHITXYP TVI^MHEX IWXI RYQMX (ZMVERHE MEV ^IM'E GI TVI^MH IWXI
RYQMX (OMRM. R GIRXVYP EGIWXYM PSXYW WI E4 =SRM, YRHI WX /YRHEPMRM;
IRIVKME GEVI GMVGYP HIEWYTVE EGIWXIME IWXI RYQMX OEQE ZNE (WQR'E
HVEKSWXIM). R'IPITXYP, GEVI RXSXHIEYRE GSRXIQTP EGIWX PSXYW (1YPHLEVE),
SF'MRI (VHYVM-WMHHLM (TYXIVIE HI E WVM GE FVSEWGE); #M XVITXEX IP TSEXI TVWM
WSPYP (VMHMGRHY-WI WXEFMP R EIV).
65. 7XVPYGMVIE GSVTYPYM IWXI GVIWGYX; JSGYP KEWXVMG HIZMRI TYXIVRMG;
ETEVI IPMFIVEVIE HI FSEP; WI EQTPM3G MRXIPMKIR'E #M ETEVI SQRMGYRSE#XIVIE.
66. )P GYRSE#XI GI E JSWX, GI WI RXQTP #M GI ZE 3, QTVIYR GY
GEY^IPI IZIRMQIRXIPSV; IP WXTRI#XI TEVXI RIEY^MX E #XMMR'IPSV QTVIYR GY
QMWXIVIPI PSV.
67. 4I PMQFE WE HERWIE^ RXSXHIEYRE ^IM'E RZ'VMM (IPSGZIR'IM); IP
SF'MRI 1ERXVE-7MHHLM (WYGGIW R QERXVI), RYQEM TVMRXV-S GSRWXERX VITIXEVI.
68. %GIWXIE WYRX WTYWIPI +YVYPYM: EGIEWXE RPXYV FXVRI'IE,
QSEVXIE #M RIRYQVEXIPI XYPFYVVM". 'IP GI TVEGXMG 4VERE]EQE XVIFYMI
QIVIY W QIHMXI^I PE EGIEWXE; RYQEM TVMR GSRXIQTPEVIE WE, 1EVIPI =SKMR
IWXI IPMFIVEX HI XSEXI TGEXIPI.
69. 'RH =SKMRYP GSRXIQTP PSXYWYP 1YPHLV (7ZE]EQFLY-0MRKE),
EXYRGM, JV RHSMEP, HMR EGIP QSQIRX, XSEXI TGEXIPI WEPI WYRX HMWXVYWI.
70. )P SF'MRI SVMGI HSVI#XI QMRXIE WE; TVMR I\IVGM'MY GSRWXERX IP P ZIHI
TI %GIPE GEVI H WEPZEVIE, GEVI IWXI GIP QEM FYR RYRXVY #M R EJEV #M GEVI
XVIFYMI W 3I MQTPSVEX (VYKEX, ZIRIVEX) GY QEVI KVMN.
71. 'IM GEVI, TVWMRH TI 7LMZE ((YQRI^IY), GEVI IWXI RYRXVY, WI
VSEK PE GIIE GI IWXI R EJEV (EHMG VYKGMYRM EHVIWEXI JSVQIPSV I\XIVMSEVI)
IWXI GE EGIPE GEVI EVYRG FSQFSERE HMR QR #M VXGI#XI ETSM R GYXEVIE
LVERIM.
72. )P XVIFYMI HI EGIIE W QIHMXI^I ^MPRMG, JV RIKPMNIR', EWYTVE
TVSTVMYPYM 7ZE]EQFLY-0MRKE; #M W RY EMF RMGM S RHSMEP G HMR EGIEWXE ZSV
ZIRM XSEXI TYXIVMPI.
73. 4VMR I\IVGM'MY VIKYPEX IP SF'MRI WYGGIWYP R #EWI PYRM; #M JV RHSMEP
G :E]Y-P WY MRXV R GEREPYP HMR QMNPSG (7YWLYQRE).
74. )P GYGIVI#XI QMRXIE #M TSEXI W-#M VI'MR VIWTMVE'ME #M WQR'E65;
EXYRGM IP SF'MRI JV RMGM S RHSMEP WYGGIWYP R EGIEWX PYQI #M R SVMGEVI EPXE.
2. 7ZHLMWXLRE 'LEOVE (4PI\YP TVSWXEXMG) 75. 'IE HI-E HSYE 'LEOVE
IWXI WMXYEX PE FE^E SVKERYPYM KIRMXEP. %VI #EWI TIXEPI HIWIQREXI TVMR
PMXIVIPI: F, FL, Q, ], V, P. 8YPTMRE WE WI RYQI#XI 7ZHLMWXLR; GYPSEVIE
PSXYWYPYM IWXI VS#Y-WRKIVMY; EHITXYP (MRM'MEXYP) TVI^MHEX WI RYQI#XI &EPE #M
^IM' 6OMRM (IWXI GIE GEVI TVI^MHIE^).
76. 'IP GI GSRXIQTP ^MPRMG EGIWX PSXYW HIZMRI SFMIGXYP HI HVEKSWXI #M
HI EHSVE'MI EP XYXYVSV ^IM'IPSV JVYQSEWI.
77. )P TSEXI VIGMXE JV JVMG ZEVMEXIPI 7LEWXVEW #M #XMMR'I, RIGYRSWGYXI
PYM REMRXI; IP IWXI IPMFIVEX HI SVMGI FSEP #M WI QM#G JV XIEQ TVMR YRMZIVW.
78. )P RJRKI QSEVXIE JV W 3I RJVRX HI RMQIRM; IP SF'MRI GIPI QEM
QEVM TYXIVM TWMLMGI, GYQ EV 3: ERMQE, PEKLMQ66, IXG. :E]/ WY GMVGYP PMFIV #M
IKEP (IGLMPMFVEX) TVMR XSX GSVTYP; YQSVMPI GSVTYPYM WY WYRX TYVM3GEXI #M
GVIWGYXI; HI EWIQIRIE GVI#XI R IP EQFVS^ME XVERWTMVEX HI EGIWX PSXYW IXIVMG.
3. 1ERMTYVE 'LEOVE 79. % XVIME 'LEOVE IWXI RYQMX 1ERMTYVE 'LEOVE #M
IWXI WMXYEX PE HSY HIKIXI WYF SQFMPMG; EVI GYPSEVI EYVMI #M ^IGI TIXEPI
HIWIQREXI TVMR PMXIVIPI H, L, , X, XL, H, HL, R, T, TL.
80. %HITXYP TVI^MHEX IWXI RYQMX 6YHVE HXXSV HI PYGVYVM FYRI
(JEZSVEFMPI) #M ^IM'E GI TVI^MHIE^ IWXI RYQMX GIE QEM WEGV 0OMRM.
81. 'RH =SKMRYP GSRXIQTP 1ERMTYVE 'LEOVE SF'MRI TYXIVIE TXP-
WMHHLM (HXXSV HI GSRWXERX JIVMGMVI). )P HIZMRI WXTR EP HSVMR'IPSV HMWXVYKI
WYJIVMR'IPI #M FSPMPI; IP R#IEP QSEVXIE #M SF'MRI TYXIVIE HI E MRXVE R EPXI
GSVTYVM.
82. )P TSEXI JEGI EYV, IXG.; ZIHI EHIT'MM (GPEVZIHIVI); HIWGSTIV
QIHMGEQIRXI (VIQIHMM) TIRXVY FSPM #M ZIHI GSQSVMPI EWGYRWI.
4. %RLEXE 'LEOVE 83. R MRMQ IWXI E TEXVE 'LEOVE RYQMX %RLEXE
'LEOVE. %VI HSYWTVI^IGI TIXEPI HIWIQREXI TVMR PMXIVIPI O, OL, K, KL, , GL,
GLL, N, NL, , ##L. 'YPSEVIE WE IWXI VS#Y-WRKIVMY RGLMW; EGIEWXE EVI HVITX
WQR' ZE]/ WMPEFE =%1 #M IWXI YR PSG JSEVXI TPGYX.
84. R EGIWX PSXYW I\MWX S 4EGV RYQMX ZRPMRKE; GSRXIQTPRH-S,
GMRIZE SF'MRI SFMIGXI HMR YRMZIVWYP Z^YX #M RIZ^YX (XVERWPSGE'MI, GSRHIRWVM,
ETSVX).
85. %HITXYP TVI^MHEX IWXI RYQMX 4MROM, MEV ^IM'E IWXI /OMRM. 'IP GEVI
GSRXIQTP RIEFXYX %RLEXE 'LEOVE IWXI EV^XSV HSVMX HI JIGMSEVIPI GIVI#XM.
86. )P SF'MRI GYRSE#XIVIE MRGSQIRWYVEFMP; GYRSE#XI XVIGYXYP, TVI^IRXYP
#M ZMMXSVYP; EVI GPEVEY^, GPEVZIHIVI #M TSEXI QIVKI TVMR EIV SVMYRHI ZVIE.
87. )P ZIHI EHIT'MM (W3R'MM, QEI#XVM WTMVMXYEPM, ^IMM) #M S RXPRI#XI TI
^IM'E GYRSWGYX GE =SKMRMW; SF'MRI TYXIVIE GYRSWGYX HVITX /LEHLEVM #M
GSRXVSPIE^ XSX GI WI QM#G R EIV (IXIV; %OEWLE).
88. 'IP GI GSRXIQTP ^MPRMG &REPMRKE JV RHSMEP SF'MRI /LIGLEVM (#M
WI QM#G R EIV, HIXE#EX WEY QTVIYR GY GSVTYP) #M &LYGLEVM (QIVKI PE
HSVMR' SVMYRHI R PYQI).
89. 2Y TSX HIWGVMI R RXVIKMQI MQTSVXER'E QIHMXE'MIM TI %RLEXE
'LEOVE; GLMEV #M ^IMM, TVIGYQ &VELQE, 'MR WIGVIX QIXSHE GSRXIQTPVMM WEPI.
5. :MWLYHHLE 'LEOVE 90. 7MXYEX R ^SRE KXYPYM WI E4 E GMRGIE 'LEOVE
RYQMX :MWLYHHLE 'LEOVE. )WXI GSPSVEX GE EYVYP WXVPYGMXSV; EVI
#EWIWTVI^IGI TIXEPI #M IWXI WIHMYP ZSGEPIPSV E, , M, , Y, /, VM, V, PVM, PV, I, EM, S,
EY, EQ, EL. -RM'MEXYP TVI^MHEX WI RYQI#XI 'LLEKEPRHE, MEV ^IM'E GEVI P
TVI^MH 7OMRM.
91. 'IP GI QIVIY S GSRXIQTP IWXI WXTRYP =SKMRMPSV #M QIVMX W M WI
WTYR R'IPITX; TVMR QIHMXE'MI TI :MWLYHHLE 'LEOVE, =SKMRYP R'IPIKI HISHEX
WIRWYP GIPSV TEXVY :IHE #M QMWXIVIPI PSV.
92. 'RH =SKMRYP 3\RHY-#M QMRXIE TI EGIWX TYRGX WIGVIX WI WMQXI
JYVMSW, EXYRGM JV RHSMEP XSEXI GIPI XVIM PYQM RGIT W XVIQYVI.
93. 'LMEV, HEG HMR RXQTPEVI, QMRXIE =SKMRYPYM IWXI EFWSVFMX R EGIWX
PSG, EXYRGM IP HIZMRI MRGSR#XMIRX HI PYQIE I\XIVMSEV #M WI FYGYV GY
WMKYVER' HI PYQIE MRXIVMSEV (SF'MRI WXEVIE HI GSRGIRXVEVI MRZYPRIVEFMP PE
TIVXYVFE'MMPI I\XIVRI).
94. 'SVTYP WY RMGMSHEX RY HIZMRI WPEF (SFSWMX, PMTWMX HI JSV'), #M #M
TWXVIE^ TYXIVIE WE HITPMR TIRXVY S QMI HI ERM, HIZIRMRH QEM HYV HIGX
HMEQERXYP.
95. 'RH =SKMRYP TVWI#XI EGIEWX GSRXIQTPEVI, EXYRGM TIRXVY IP QMM
HI ERM HMR EGIEWX PYQI ETEV GE XSX EXXIE QSQIRXI (GSRXVSPYP WXEXMG EP
XMQTYPYM IWXI VITPMGE GIPYM HMREQMG)67.
6. %NE 'LEOVE 96. %NE 'LEOVE EVI HSY TIXEPI #M IWXI WMXYEX RXVI
WTVRGIRI; EVI PMXIVIPI L #M OWL; MRM'MEXYP IWXI RYQMX 7LYOP 1ELOPE (1EVIPI
8MQT %PF) MEV ^IM'E ,OMRM P TVI^MHIE^.
97. R EGIWX PSXYW WI E4 FNE62 IXIVR (WMPEFE n#LE~; R EPXI ZEVMERXI
QERXVE WE IWXI WYRIXYP WMQTPY nE~) WXVPYGMXSEVI GE PYRE HI XSEQR.
R'IPITXYP TYWXRMG, GYRSWGRH EGIEWXE RY IWXI RMGMSHEX XVEW R NSW (EXE#EX HI
PYQIE JIRSQIREP).
98. %GIEWXE IWXI QEVIE 0YQMR 'MRYX WIGVIX R XSEXI 8ERXVEW;
GSRXIQTPRH-S WI SF'MRI GIP QEM REPX WYGGIW.
99. )Y WYRX HXXSV EP QRXYMVMM. )Y WYRX EP XVIMPIE QIQFVY (0RK) R
8YV]E68 (nWXEVIE E TEXVE~ HI I\XE^ #M YRYP HMRXVI RYQIPI PSXYWYPYM GY S QMI
HI TIXEPI). 'SRXIQTPRH EGIWX 'LEOVE, =SKMRYP GY WMKYVER' G HIZMRI GE #M
1MRI.
100. 'IPI HSY GEREPI RYQMXI -H #M 4MRKEP WYRX EHIZVEXIPI :EVERE #M
%WM. 7TE'MYP HMRXVI IPI IWXI RYQMX :VREWM (&IREVIW, SVE#YP WJRX EP PYM 7LMZE).
%GSPS WI ^MGI G PSGYMI#XI :MWLZERXLE (7XTRYP YRMZIVWYPYM).
101. 1VI'ME EGIWXYM PSG WJRX E JSWX EVXEX R RYQIVSEWI WGVMIVM WEGVI
HI GXVI R'IPIT'MM TXVYR^XSVM EM EHIZVYPYM. 1EVIPI WY WIGVIX E JSWX JSEVXI
IPSGZIRX VIZIPEX HI EGI#XME.
7. 0SXYWYP GY S QMI HI TIXEPI (7ELEWVVE-'LEOVE) 102. 7YWLYQRE
QIVKI HI-E PYRKYP QHYZIM HMR #MVE WTMRVMM TR R PSGYP YRHI IWXI WMXYEX
KSPYP PYM &VELQE (&VELQEVERHLVE). (I EGSPS TVMRXV-S ERYQMX HIVMZE'MI
(VEQYV) EGIEWXE QIVKI R TEVXIE HVIETX E PSXYWYPYM %N 'LEOVE, HI YRHI
ENYRKI R REVE WXRK, 3MRH RYQMX +ERKI (+ERKIPI IXIVMG).
103. 0SXYWYP GEVI IWXI WMXYEX R &VELQEVERHLVE IWXI RYQMX 7ELEWVVE
(GY S QMI HI TIXEPI). (MR WTE'MYP XVMYRKLMYPEV, IPM\MVYP XVERWTMV GSRXMRYY. %GIWX
4YMH PYREV EP MQSVXEPMX'MM GYVKI JV RGIXEVI TVMR -H, RXV-YR 4Y\ GSRXMRYY.
1IVKRH PE REVE WXRK, EGIWXE E TVMQMX HI PE =SKMRM RYQIPI HI +ERKI.
104. (MR TEVXIE HVIETX E PSXYWYPYM %NR 'LEOVE #M QIVKRH GXVI REVE
WXRK, GYVKI -H. )E IWXI RYQMX :EVERE (+ERKIPI HI RSVH).
105. =SKMRYP XVIFYMI W GSRXIQTPI WTE'MYP HMRXVI GIPI HSY (-H #M
4MRKEP) GE :VREWM (&IREVIW). 4MRKEP ZMRI HI EWIQIRIE R EGIPE#M QSH HMR
TEVXIE WXRK E PSXYWYPYM %N 'LEOVE #M QIVKI GXVI REVE HVIETX, #M E JSWX
RYQMX HI RSM %WM.
106. 0SXYWYP GEVI IWXI WMXYEX R 1YPHLV EVI TEXVY TIXEPI. R WTE'MYP
HMRXVI IPI PSGYMI#XI WSEVIPI.
107. (MR EGIE WJIV E WSEVIPYM SXVEZE I\YH GSRXMRYY. %GIP ZIRMR
I\GIWMZ RGP^MX GYVKI R WYW TVMR 4MRKEP69.
108. :IRMRYP (QSVXEPMXEXIE, RSGMZMXEXIE #M VEHMSEGXMZMXEXIE 4YMHYPYM WSPEV)
GEVI WI ZEVW EGSPS GSRXMRYY, (GYVKI) R GYVIRX, QIVKI GXVI REVE HVIETX, R
XMQT GI 4YMHYP PYREV EP MQSVXEPMX'MM WI ZEVW R WXRKE.
109. 6MHMGRHY-WI HMR TEVXIE WXRK E PSXYWYPYM %NR #M RHVITXRHY WI
GXVI REVE HVIETX, EGIWX HIVMZE'MI RSVHMG E PYM 4MRKEP E JSWX RYQMX MRMQE
PYM %WM.
110. %NR 'LEOVE GY HSY TIXEPI E JSWX EWXJIP HIWGVMW GE PSGYP YRHI
PSGYMI#XI ^IYP 1ELIWLZEVE. =SKMRMM HIWGVMY RG XVIM XVITXI WEGVI HIEWYTVE
EGIWXIME. )PI WYRX RYQMXI :RHY, 2EHE #M 7LEOXM, #M WYRX WMXYEXI R PSXYWYP
JVYR'MM.
111. 'IP GEVI GSRXIQTP GSRXMRYY PSXYWYP EWGYRW %NR, HMWXVYKI HMRXV-S
HEX XSEXI OEVQIPI ZMI'MPSV WEPI XVIGYXI, JV RMGM S STS^M'MI (RY ETEV VIEG'MYRM,
VIZIRMVM).
112. 6QRRH R EGIWX PSG, HEG =SKMRYP QIHMXIE^ GSRWXERX, EXYRGM
TIRXVY IP XSEXI RYQIPI #M JSVQIPI (REQE-VYTE)70, VYKGMYRMPI #M VMXYEPYVMPI
I\XIVMSEVI ETEV GE JV RMGM S ZEPSEVI.
113. =EOWLEW, 6OWLEWLEW, +ERHLEVZEW, %TWEVW #M /MRREVEW71, XSEXI
HMZMRMX'MPI #M WTMVMXIPI WYRX PE TMGMSEVIPI WEPI #M-P WPYNIWG.
114. RXSVGRH PMQFE #M TPEWRH-S R PYRKYP KSP EP TEPEXYPYM, =SKMRYP
XVIFYMI W MRXVI R GSRXIQTPE'ME GEVI HMWXVYKI XSEXI XIQIVMPI. 8SEXI TGEXIPI
GIPYM E GVYM QMRXI TSEXI VQRI RIQM#GEX, GLMEV TIRXVY S WMRKYV WIGYRH,
WYRX TI HEX HMWXVYWI.
115. 8SEXI VI^YPXEXIPI (JVYGXIPI), GEVI EY JSWX HIWGVMWI ERXIVMSV GE
M^ZSVRH HMR GSRXIQTPEVIE GIPSVPEP'M GMRGM PSXY#M TSX 3 SF'MRYXI RYQEM HMR
GYRSE#XIVIE PSXYWYPYM %NR.
116. R'IPITXYP, GEVI TVEGXMG GSRXMRYY GSRXIQTPEVIE %N 'LEOVE, IWXI
IPMFIVEX HI RPR'YMVIE HSVMR'IPSV #M WI FYGYV HI JIVMGMVI.
117. (EG R QSQIRXYP QSV'MM, =SKMRYP GSRXIQTP %N 'LEOVE, TVWMRH
EGIEWX ZME' GIP WJRX IWXI EFWSVFMX R 4EVEQXQ.
118. 'IP GEVI GSRXIQTP %N 'LEOVE WXRH R TMGMSEVI SVM QIVKRH,
HSVQMRH SVM ZIKLMRH, RY IWXI EXMRW HI TGEXI, GLMEV HEG IWXI TSWMFMP (W WI
GSRWMHIVI HI GXVI EP'MM) GE IP W JEG PYGVYVM TGXSEWI72.
119. =SKMRYP IWXI IPMFIVEX HI RPR'YMVIE TVSTVMIM WEPI EG'MYRM (RGIXIE^
W EG'MSRI^I WYFMIGXMZ). -QTSVXER'E GSRXIQTPVMM %N 'LEOVE RY TSEXI 3
HIWGVMW R RXVIKMQI.
'LMEV #M ^IMM GE &VELQE, IXG., EY E4EX RYQEM YR JVEKQIRX HMR QVI'ME WE
HI PE 1MRI.
120. (IEWYTVE EGIWXIME, PE FE^E TEPEXYPYM, WI E4 7ELEWVVE; R EGIP PSG
YRHI WI E4 KSPYP PYM 7YWLYQR.
121. (I PE FE^E WEY VHGMRE TEPEXYPYM 7YWLYQR WI I\XMRHI R NSW,
TR GRH ENYRKI PE 1YPHLVE #M TIVMRIY; XSEXI GEREPIPI WYFXMPI P
RGSRNSEV, SVM WYRX WYW'MRYXI (EPMQIRXEXI) HI EGIWXE. %GIWXI GEREPI (RHMW)
WYRX WIQMR'I EPI QMWXIVIPSV #M M^ZSEVIPI XYXYVSV TVMRGMTMMPSV GEVI EPGXYMIWG
SQYP #M EVEX GEPIE GXVI &VELQE (GEPIE GEVI GSRJIV SQYPYM WEPZEVIE).
122. 0SXYWYP, GEVI WI E4 PE VHGMRE TEPEXYPYM, IWXI RYQMX 7ELEWVVE
(GY S QMI HI TIXEPI); R GIRXVYP WY I\MWX YR =SRM (PSG WEY GIRXVY HI JSV')
GEVI EVI JE'E R NSW.
123. R EGIEWXE IWXI VHGMRE 7YWLYQR, QTVIYR GY KSPYP WY;
EGIEWXE WI RYQI#XI &VELQEVERHLVE (KSPYP PYM &VELQE) GI WI I\XMRHI TR PE
1YPHLVE.
124. R EGIP KSP EP 7YWLYQR, PSGYMI#XI GE JSV' MRXIVR /YRHEPMRM. R
7YWLYQR I\MWX HI EWIQIRIE YR GYVIRX GSRWXERX HI JSV' RYQMX GLMXVE;
EG'MYRMPI SVM QSHM3GVMPI WEPI XVIFYMI W 3I RYQMXI R STMRME QIE GE
&VELQEVERHLVE (XVERWJSVQVM EPI KSPYPYM, ZMHYPYM).
125. 2YQEM VIEPM^RH I\TIVMQIRXEP EGIWXE (RYQEM VIEQMRXMRHY-RI
EGIEWXE), GMRIZE SF'MRI GYRSE#XIVIE %FWSPYXYPYM (&VELQER), MEV XSEXI
TGEXIPI WYRX HMWXVYWI #M RY WI QEM RE#XI RMGMSHEX GE SQ.
126. )P XVIFYMI W IZMXI W FEKI HIKIXYP QEVI R KYV; TVMR
EGIEWXE4VERE (ZE]/) GEVI GYVKI TVMR GSVT IWXI STVMX (YRM3GEVIE RMZIPYPYM
WYFMIGXMZ #M SFMIGXMZ)73.
127. (EXSVMX EGIWXYME (ZE]/) SQYP VXGI#XI R GIVGYP YRMZIVWYPYM; HI
EGIIE, =SKMRYP RY HSVI#XI W QIR'MR EGIEWX GMVGYPE'MI; XSEXI RHMW WYRX
PIKEXI GY GXI STX RSHYVM; RYQEM EGIWX /YRHEPMRM TSEXI WXVTYRKI EGIWXI
RSHYVM #M TSEXI XVIGI TVMR &VELQEVERHLVE EVXRH GEPIE WEPZVMM.
128. (EG ZE] IWXI VI'MRYX R RXVIKMQI R XSEXI GEREPIPI WYFXMPI,
EXYRGM /YRHEPMRM TVWI#XI EGIWXI RSHYVM #M JSV'IE^ HVYQYP WY R EJEVE
&VELQEVERHLVE.
129. %XYRGM ZE] ZMXEP GYVKI GSRXMRYY R 7YWLYQR. R HVIETXE #M WXRKE
PYM 1YPHLVE WYRX WMXYEXI -H #M 4MRKEPE. 7YWLYQR XVIGI TVMR QMNPSGYP EGIWXIM
'LEOVE.
130. +SPYP HMR 7YWLYQR E4EX R WJIVE HLEVE IWXI RYQMX
&VELQEVERHLVE.
R'IPITXYP GEVI GYRSE#XI EGIEWXE IWXI IPMFIVEX HMR PER'YP /EVQE.
131. 8SEXI XVIM GEREPIPI WI RXPRIWG GY WMKYVER' R KYVE
&VELQEVERHLVE; WGPHRHY-WI R EGIWX PSG, GIP GI S JEGI SF'MRI WEPZEVIE
(QRXYMVIE; IPMFIVEVIE).
132. RXVI +ERKI #M .EQ/RE, GYVKI EGIWX 7EVEWZEXM; WGPHRHY-WI PE
YRMVIE PSV RSVSGSWYP SF'MRI WEPZEVIE".
133. %Q WTYW REMRXI G -H IWXI +ERKIPI, MEV 4MRKEPE IWXI 3MGE WSEVIPYM
(.EQ/RE); R QMNPSGYP 7YWLYQR IWXI 7EVEWZEXM; PSGYP YRHI XSEXI XVIM WI
RXPRIWG IWXI GIP QEM MREGGIWMFMP.
134. 'IP GI I\IGYX WGYJYRHEVIE QIRXEP TR PE XIQIPME YRHI EVI PSG
YRMVIE %PFYPYM (-H) #M 2IKVYPYM (4MRKEPE) HIZMRI IPMFIVEX HI XSEXI TGEXIPI #M
EXMRKI IXIVRYP &VELQE.
135. 'IP GI I\IGYX VMXYVM JYRIVEVI TIRXVY WXVQS#MM WM PE EGIEWX
NSRG'MYRI E GIPSV XVIM VYVM (8VMZIRM) TVSGYV WEPZEVIE TIRXVY WXVQS#MM, #M IP
RWY#M EXMRKI GIP QEM REPX WJV#MX.
136. 'IP GEVI ^MPRMG I\IGYX GIPI XVIM HEXSVMM (TIVQERIRXI, SGE^MSREPI #M
ST'MSREPI) TVMR QIHMXE'MI QIRXEP R EGIWX PSG TVMQI#XI S VIGSQTIRW HI
RI#XIVW.
137. %GIPE GEVI WI WGEPH QGEV SHEX R EGIWX PSG WEGVY WI FYGYV HI
JIVMGMVI GIVIEWG, MEV RYQIVSEWIPI WEPI TGEXI WYRX EVWI; IP HIZMRI YR =SKMR
GY QMRXIE TYV.
138. (EG IWXI TYV SVM MQTYV, R SVMGI WXEVI EV 3, TVMR I\IGYXEVIE
EFPY'MYRMPSV R EGIWX PSG QMWXMG, IP HIZMRI JV RHSMEP WJRX.
139. 0E XMQTYP QSV'MM IP XVIFYMI W WI WGEPHI, R ETE EGIWXYM 8VMZIRM
(8VMRMXEXIE VYVMPSV); GIP GI QSEVI KRHMRH PE EGIEWXE, EXMRKI WEPZEVIE ETSM #M
EGSPS74 (EGYQ #M EMGM).
140. 2Y I\MWX, R GIPI XVIM PYQM, YR QEM QEVI WIGVIX HIGX EGIWXE. )P
XVIFYMI TWXVEX EWGYRW (YXMPM^EX RYQEM EXYRGM GRH IWXI RIZSMI). )P RY XVIFYMI
VIZIPEX.
141. (EG QMRXIE HIZMRI JIVQ 3\EX GLMEV TIRXVY S NYQXEXI HI
WIGYRH EWYTVE &VELQEVERHLVE, EGIPE HIZMRI PMFIV HI TGEXI #M EXMRKI GIP
QEM REPX WJV#MX.
142. 7JRXYP =SKMR E GVYM QMRXI IWXI EFWSVFMX R EGIEWXE
(&VELQEVERHLVE), IWXI EFWSVFMX R 1MRI HYT GI W-E FYGYVEX HI TYXIVMPI
ERMQ, PEKLMQ, IXG.
143. 3QYP GYRSWGRH EGIWX &VELQEVERHLVE, HIZMRI GIP QEM MYFMX HI
1MRI R EGIEWX PYQI; RZMRKRH TGEXIPI IP HIZMRI ETX TIRXVY WEPZEVI;
QTV'MRH GYRSE#XIVIE, IP WEPZIE^ QMM HI SEQIRM.
144. "M GIP GY TEXVY JI'I #M ^IMM TSX SF'MRI GY KVIY EGIEWX GYRSE#XIVI;
EGIEWXE IWXI GIE QEM JV HI TVI' GSQSEV E YRYM =SKMR; EGIWX QMWXIV EP
WGYJYRHVMM R &VELQEVERHLVE XVIFYMI 'MRYX R QEVI WIGVIX.
0YRE QMWXIVIPSV 145. %Q WTYW REMRXI G I\MWX YR GIRXVY HI JSV' (=SRM)
R QMNPSGYP 7ELEWVVE; WYF EGIWXE WI E4 0YRE; R'IPITXYP XVIFYMI W-S
GSRXIQTPI.
146. 'SRXIQTPRH EWYTVE =SRM (=SKMRYP) HIZMRI EHSVEFMP R EGIEWX
PYQI #M IWXI VIWTIGXEX HI ^IM #M EHIT'M.
147. )P XVIFYMI W GSRXIQTPI EWYTVE SGIERYPYM HI PETXI HMR WMRYWYVMPI
JVSRXEPI; HMR EGIP PSG IP XVIFYMI W QIHMXI^I EWYTVE 0YRMM, GEVI WI E4 R
7ELEWVVE.
148. R WMRYWYP JVSRXEP WI E4 0YRE, GEVI GSR'MRI RIGXEV #M EVI
#EWIWTVI^IGI TIXEPI (/EPW). )P XVIFYMI W GSRXIQTPI EGIEWXE 0YR JV TEX
(JV VYKMR, MQYEFMP). 4VMR TVEGXMG GSRWXERX, IP S ZIHI R XVIM ^MPI. 2YQEM
Z^RH EGIEWXE, TVEGXMGERXYP EVHI XSEXI TGEXIPI WEPI.
149. :MMXSVYP M WI VIPIZ, MEV QMRXIE WE HIZMRI TYV; HI#M IWXI TSWMFMP W
3 GSQMW GIPI GMRGM QEVM TGEXI, IP PI HMWXVYKI, R QSQIRXYP GSRXIQTPVMM.
150. 8SEXI GSVTYVMPI GIVI#XM (TPERIXIPI, IXG.) HIZMR JEZSVEFMPI; XSEXI
TIVMGSPIPI WYRX HMWXVYWI; XSEXI EGGMHIRXIPI RPXYVEXI; WYGGIWYP IWXI SF'MRYX R
V^FSM; TYXIVMPI /LIGLEVM #M &LYGLEVM WYRX SF'MRYXI TVMR ZIHIVIE 0YRMM, GEVI
IWXI R MRXIVMSVYP GETYPYM. 2YQEM TVMR WMQTPE WE GSRXIQTPEVI XSEXI EGIWXI
VI^YPXEXI ETEV. 4VMR TVEGXMG GSRWXERX =SKE, GMRIZE TSEXI HIZIRM GY EHIZVEX
YR SQVIEPM^EX (EHITX). (IZMRI, GY EHIZVEX, IKEPYP 1IY. 7XYHMYP GSRXMRYY EP
#XMMR'IM =SKE, GSRJIV WYGGIW =SKMRMPSV. %MGM WJV#I#XI HIWGVMIVIE %NTYVE
'LEOVE.
1YRXIPI QMWXMG (/EMPWE)75 151. (IEWYTVE EGIWXIME (EHMG: WJIVE PYREV)
WI E4 YR PSXYW WXVPYGMXSV GY S QMI HI TIXEPI. )P IWXI R EJEVE EGIWXYM
QMGVSGSWQSW EP GSVTYPYM, #M IWXI HXXSV EP WEPZVMM.
152. 2YQIPI WY IWXI QYRXIPI" /EMPWE #M EMGM PSGYMI#XI QEVIPI WXTR
(7LMZE) RYQMX 2EOYPE, GEVI IWXI RITIVMWEFMP, JV GVI#XIVI WEY HIWGVI#XIVI.
153. 3EQIRMM, MQIHMEX GI HIWGSTIV EGIWX JSEVXI WIGVIX PSG, WYRX
IPMFIVE'M HI VIRE#XIVI R EGIWX YRMZIVW. 4VMR TVEGXMGE EGIWXIM =SKE, IP SF'MRI
TYXIVIE HI E GVIE (QEXIVMEPM^E) SVM HMWXVYKI (HIQEXIVMEPM^E) GVIE'ME, EGIWX
EKVIKEX HI IPIQIRXI.
154. 'RH QMRXIE IWXI 3\EX JIVQ R EGIWX PSG, GEVI IWXI #M VI#IHMR'E,
RYQMX /EMPWE, E 1EVMM 0IFIHI" (4EVEQE-,EQWE), EGIP =SKMR RPXYV FSPMPI,
EGGMHIRXIPI #M XVMI#XI RHIPYRK, IPMFIVEX HI QSEVXI.
155. 'RH QMRXIE =SKMRYPYM IWXI EFWSVFMX R QEVIPI >IY, RYQMX /YP,
EXYRGM IWXI EXMRW 7EQHLM HITPMR (HIWZV#MX; MRZYPRIVEFMP); EXYRGM =SKMRYP
EXMRKI JIVQMXEXIE (GSRWXER'E, MRZEVMER'E).
156. 4VMR QIHMXE'MI GSRWXERX, IP YMX PYQIE #M ETSM TVSKVIWMZ =SKMRYP
SF'MRI TYXIVM QMRYREXI (7MHHLMW).
157. =SKMRYP XVIFYMI W FIE GSRXMRYY RIGXEVYP, GEVI GYVKI HMR EGIWXE;
TVMR EGIEWXE IP H PIKI QSV'MM (GSRXVSPIE^ QSEVXIE) #M GYGIVI#XI /YP. %MGM
JSV'E OYP-OYRHEPMRM IWXI EFWSVFMX; HYT EGIEWXE GVIE'ME GZEHVYTP IWXI
EFWSVFMX R 4EVEQ-%XQER.
6ENE =SKE 158. 4VMR EGIEWX GYRSE#XIVI, QSHM3GVMPI QMR'MM" (GLMXXE-
ZVMXXM)76WYRX WYWTIRHEXI, SVMGX HI EGXMZI EV 3; HI EGIIE =SKMRYP XVIFYMI W
RGIVGI W SF'MR EGIEWX GYRSE#XIVI, JV SFSWIEP ?PYTXA #M JV IKSMWQ
(JV W GEYXI VI^YPXEXI; JV KVEF; W JEG JETXI SFMIGXMZI).
159. 'RH QSHM3GVMPI TVMRGMTMYPYM KRHMXSV WYRX WYWTIRHEXI, EXYRGM
EGIPE WMKYV HIZMRI =SKMR; EXYRGM IWXI GYRSWGYX -RZM^MFMPYP, (MZMRYP ()XIVRYP
MQYEFMP; 8IQIPME) #M 'SR#XMMR'E 7YTVIQ (4YV; 'YRSE#XIVIE %FWSPYX).
160. )P XVIFYMI W GSRXIQTPI TVSTVME WE VI4I\MI R GIV, E4EX HMRGSPS HI
3YP 'SWQMG77 (R QERMIVE HIWGVMW ERXIVMSV). 4VMR EGIEWXE, IP XVIFYMI W WI
KRHIEWG, JV RGIXEVI, PE 1EVIPI :MH.
161. 1EVIPI :MH, EP GVYM RGITYX IWXI ZMH, EP GVYM QMNPSG IWXI ZMH, EP
GVYM WJV#MX IWXI ZMH, EVI WXVPYGMVIE E ^IGI QMPMSERI HI WSVM #M VGIEPE E ^IGI
QMPMSERI HI PYRM. 'SRXIQTPRH GSRXMRYY EGIEWXE WI SF'MRI WYGGIWYP.
162. =SKMRYP XVIFYMI W TVEGXMGI, GY IRIVKMI, ^MPRMG EGIEWX HL]RE
(QIHMXE'MI) #M RXV-YR ER IP ZE SF'MRI WYGGIWYP.
163. 'IP E GVYM QMRXI IWXI EFWSVFMX R EGIP PSG GLMEV #M TIRXVY S
WIGYRH IWXI GY WMKYVER' YR =SKMR, GSQTPIX HIZSXEX, GEVI IWXI ZIRIVEX R
XSEXI PYQMPI.
164. 8SEXI HITS^MXIPI WEPI HI TGEXI (OEVQE) WYRX HMWXVYWI HISHEX.
165. :^RH EGIEWXE GMRIZE RY WI VIRXSEVGI RMGMSHEX TI GVEVIE
EGIWXYM YRMZIVW QYVMXSV; =SKMRYP XVIFYMI, HI EGIIE, W TVEGXMGI EGIEWXE GY
QEVI KVMN TI GEPIE 7ZHLMWXLR.
166. 2Y TSX HIWGVMI QVI'ME EGIWXIM GSRXIQTPE'MM. 'IP GEVI S TVEGXMG, S
GYRSE#XI. )P IWXI VIWTIGXEX HI 1MRI.
167. 4VMR QIHMXE'MI GMRIZE GYRSE#XI HISHEX QMRYREXIPI IJIGXI EPI
EGIWXIM =SKE (GSRXIQTPEVIE ZMHYPYM) JV RHSMEP IP EXMRKI TYXIVMPI TWMLMGI
RYQMXI ERMQE #M PEKLMQ IXG.
168. (I EGIIE EQ HIWGVMW 6ENE-=SKE GEVI IWXI 'MRYX WIGVIX R XSEXI
8ERXVEW; EGYQ ZSM HIWGVMI 6ENEHLMVN =SKE.
169. "I^RH R 7ZEWXMOWERE, RXV-S JVYQSW WMLWXMI, HITEVXI HI
SEQIRM #M HI ERMQEPI, HYT GI E EHYW NIVXJI +YVYPYM, =SKMRYP XVIFYMI W
TVEGXMGI EGIEWX GSRXIQTPEVI.
170. 'YRSWGRH EVKYQIRXIPI :IHERXE78 G .MZE IWXI MRHITIRHIRX #M
EYXSWYW'MRYX, TVEGXMGERXYP XVIFYMI W-#M JEG HI EWIQIRIE QMRXIE
EYXSWYW'MRYX79; W RY GSRXIQTPI RMQMG EPXGIZE.
171. *V RHSMEP TVMR EGIEWX GSRXIQTPEVI IWXI SF'MRYX GIP QEM REPX
WYGGIW (QEL-WMHHLM); WYWTIRHRH JYRG'MSREVIE HMEGVSRMG (HMWGSRXMRY) E
QMR'MM (IWXI HIGPER#EX JYRG'MSREVIE MQYEFMP, WMRGVSRMG, RIQM#GEX,
LSPSKVE3G); IP RWY#M HIZMRI QTPMRMX (TIVJIGX, HITPMR IPMFIVEX).
172. 'IP GI TVEGXMG EGIEWXE QIVIY, IWXI YR =SKMR GY EHIZVEX PMTWMX HI
EXE#EVI I\XIVMSEV (JV TEWMYRI); IP RMGMSHEX RY JSPSWI#XI GYZRXYP )Y" GM
RXSXHIEYRE WI KWI#XI #M TVMZI#XI HI TI TS^M'ME EHIZVEXYPYM WY 7MRI
(%XQER).
173. 'I IWXI WGPEZME, GI IWXI IQERGMTEVIE# 4IRXVY IP XSXYP IWXI YRE;
JV RHSMEP GIP GI TVEGXMG EGIEWXE QIVIY, IWXI GY EHIZVEX IPMFIVEX
(IZSPYEX, HMRGSPS HI HYEPMXEXI).
174. (SEV IP IWXI =SKMR, GY EHIZVEX HIZSXEX #M ZIRIVEX R XSEXI PYQMPI,
3MRHG GSRXIQTP .MZXQ #M 4EVEQEXQ, GE PIKEXI YRE HI EPXE, TVIGYQ )Y"
#M 7YRX", GEVI VIRYR' PE )Y" #M 8Y" #M GSRXIQTP MRHMZM^MFMPYP (9RMXEXIE,
%GIPE, -RZM^MFMPYP, -RHIWGVMTXMFMPYP); =SKMRYP, IPMFIVEX HI XSEXI EXE#VMPI, #M
KWI#XI EHTSWXYP R EGIEWX GSRXIQTPEVI, R GEVI TVMR GYRSE#XIVIE
WYTIVTS^M'MIM #M RIKVMM (IGVERVMM, RZPYMVMM), XSEXI ZPYVMPI (IGVERIPI) WYRX
HM^SPZEXI.
175. 4VWMRH EGIP &VELQER, GEVI IWXI QERMJIWXEX, GEVI IWXI
GYRSE#XIVI (MRXIPIGXYEP, ZIVFEP, WIR^SVMEP), GEVI IWXI TPGIVI (MPY^SVMI PYEX
HVITX JIVMGMVI), GIP GEVI IWXI 'SR#XMMR'E EFWSPYX TVWI#XI VXGMVIE (R PYQIE
JIRSQIREP) #M SGSPI#XI HMWGY'ME MRYXMP HIWTVI QERMJIWXEX #M RIQERMJIWXEX.
176. 'IP GI QIHMXIE^ EWYTVE EGIWXYM YRMZIVW, R QM#GEVI #M RIQM#GEVI,
GEVI IWXI GY EHIZVEX RIQERMJIWXEX, #M EFERHSRIE^ WYTVIQYP &VELQER
GEVI WI QERMJIWX HMVIGX IWXI GY EHIZVEX TVM^SRMIV R EGIWX YRMZIVW.
177. =SKMRYP IPMFIVEX HI SVMGI EXE#EQIRX, I\IVWIE^ GSRWXERX R
TWXVEVIE EGIWXIM TVEGXMGM GEVI GSRHYGI PE %HIZVEXE 'YRSE#XIVI, E#E GE IE
W RY TSEX 3 HMR RSY EGSTIVMX HI -KRSVER'.
178. R'IPITXYP VIXVKRHY-#M XSEXI WMQ'YVMPI WEPI HI PE SFMIGXIPI
I\XIVMSEVI #M 3MRH IPMFIVEX HI SVMGI GSQTERMI, VQRI R QMNPSGYP EGIWXSV
SFMIGXI GE RXV-YR WSQR EHRG (TEVI RYQEM G RY PI TIVGITI 3MRHG EVI
SQRMGYRSE#XIVI).
179. %WXJIP TVEGXMGRH GSRWXERX, PYQMRE 7MRIPYM HIZMRI QERMJIWXEX; EMGM
WJV#IWG XSEXI RZ'XYVMPI TIRXVY +YVY; (QEIWXVYP RY QEM TSEXI ENYXE TI
WXYHIRX QEM HITEVXI). R GSRXMRYEVI HMWGMTSPYP XVIFYMI W WI ENYXI WMRKYV,
TVSJIWSVYP RY P QEM TSEXI ENYXE PE GVI#XIVIE VE'MYRMM WEY TYXIVMM; IP TSEXI
G#XMKE 'YRSE#XIVI RYQEM TVMR TVSTVME WE TVEGXMG ?MRXV WYF TMPSXEVIE
%FWSPYXYPYM ((YQRI^IY, &VELQER) VITVI^IRXEX HI TVSTVMYP 7MRI (%XQER)A.
180. %GIE 'YRSE#XIVI HI PE GEVI ZSVFMVIE #M QMRXIE WI RXSVG
RITYXMRGMSEWI SVM MRHYWI R IVSEVI TSEXI 3 SF'MRYX RYQEM TVMR TVEGXMG;
3MRHG EGIEWX 'YRSE#XIVI IWIR'MEP (TYV) M^ZSV#XI HMR IE RW#M.
181. ,EXLE =SKE RY TSEXI 3 SF'MRYX JV 6ENE =SKE; RMGM 6ENE =SKE JV
,EXLE =SKE. (I EGIIE =SKMRYP XVIFYMI W RZI'I RXM ,EXLE =SKE EWGYPXRH HI
MRHMGE'MMPI YRYM +YVY R'IPITX.
182. 'IP GEVI, R XMQT GI XVMI#XI R EGIWX GSVT 3^MG, RY TVEGXMG =SKE,
XVMI#XI RYQEM HI HVEKYP TPGIVMPSV WIR^YEPI.
183. (MR QSQIRXYP R GEVI RGITI TR R QSQIRXYP R GEVI SF'MRI
TIVJIGXE WXTRMVI HI WMRI, =SKMRYP XVIFYMI W QRRGI QSHIVEX #M WMQTPY
GGM EPJIP, HI#M IWXI MRXIPMKIRX, RY TSEXI SF'MRI WYGGIWYP R TVEGXMGE WE80.
184. RXV-YR KVYT HI SEQIRM R'IPITXYP =SKMR XVIFYMI W VSWXIEWG
GYZMRXI HI FMRI #M RY XVIFYMI W ZSVFIEWG QYPX; IP QRRG TY'MR, HSEV EXX
GX IWXI RIGIWEV TIRXVY E QIR'MRI GSVTYP 3^MG; XVIFYMI W VIRYR'I PE
GSQTERME SEQIRMPSV, GGM EPXJIP RY TSEXI SF'MRI 1YOXM (WEPZEVIE)81.
185. 7 TVEGXMGI R WIGVIX, PMFIV HI GSQTERME SEQIRMPSV RXV-YR PSG
VIXVEW. (I HVEKYP ETEVIR'IPSV IP XVIFYMI W VQR R WSGMIXEXI, HEV MRMQE WE
RY XVIFYMI W 3I EMGM. )P XVIFYMI W RY VIRYR'I PE HEXSVMMPI TVSJIWMYRMM WEPI,
GEWX, VERK; RW W PI I\IGYXI GE YR MRWXVYQIRX EP (SQRYPYM. *GRH EWXJIP
RY WI JEGI RMGM YR TGEX.
186. 'LMEV GETYP HI JEQMPMI (KVMLEWXLE) YVQRH GY R'IPITGMYRI EGIEWX
QIXSH TSEXI SF'MRI WYGGIWYP.
187. 6QRRH R QMNPSGYP JEQMPMIM, JGRHY-#M RXSXHIEYRE HEXSVME HI
GET HI JEQMPMI, GIP GI IWXI PMFIV HI QIVMXI #M KVI#IPM, GEVI #M VIWXVRKI
WMQ'YVMPI WEPI EXMRKI WEPZEVIE. 'ETYP HI JEQMPMI TVEGXMGRH =SKE RY IWXI EXMRW
HI TGEXI; HEG TVSXINRHY-#M JEQMPME JEGI ZVIYR TGEX IP RY IWXI EXMRW HI
EGIWXE.
.ETE TIRXVY QERXVE 188. %GYQ Z ZSM TVI^IRXE GIPI QEM FYRI TVEGXMGM,
NETE82 TIRXVY QERXVE; GY ENYXSVYP EGIWXSVE GMRIZE TSEXI SF'MRI JIVMGMVIE R
EGIEWX PYQI #M R PYQIE HI HYT EGIEWXE.
189. 'YRSWGRH, EGIEWX REPX QERXVE, =SKMRYP EXMRKI GY WMKYVER'
WYGGIWYP (WMHHLM); EGIEWXE GSRJIV XSEX TYXIVIE #M XSEX JIVMGMVIE =SKMRYPYM
GSRGIRXVEX (EFWSVFMX R NETE).
190. R PSXYWYP 1YPEHLEVE-'LEOVE WI E4 WQR'E (FNE) PMQFENYPYM
WXVPYGMXSEVI GE JYPKIVYP (WMPEFE: EM).
191. R MRMQ IWXI WQR'E MYFMVMM, JVYQSEW GE 4SEVIE FERHLYO (OPM).
R WTE'MYP HMRXVI WTVRGIRI %NE-'LEOVE IWXI FNE 7LEOXM (WXVM) WXVPYGMXSEVI
GE ^IGI QMPMSERI HI PYRM. %GIWXI XVIM WIQMR'I XVIFYMI 'MRYXI WIGVIXI; IPI HEY
FYGYVME #M IQERGMTEVIE. 0EW TI =SKMR W VITIXI GIPI XVIM QERXVI #M W RGIVGI
W EXMK WYGGIWYP ?RYQIPI QMWXMGI EPI QERXVIPSV FNE RY WYRX HEXI R XI\X;
RXVIEKE QERXV IWXI: SQ, EM, OPM, WXVMA83.
192. )P XVIFYMI W RZI'I EGIEWX QERXV HI PE +YVY, W S VITIXI 3VIWG,
RMGM TVIE VITIHI #M RMGM TVIE VEV, 'MRRH QMRXIE PMFIV HI XSEXI RHSMIPMPI #M
R'IPIKRH VIPE'ME QMWXMG RXVI PMXIVI (WYRIXI, MQEKMRI) #M QERXVE (WIRW).
193. R'IPITXYP =SKMR 3\RHY-#M MRXIR'MSREX EXIR'ME TI EGIEWX QERXVE,
I\IGYXRH XSEXI HEXSVMMPI PIKEXI HI GEWXE WE, XVIFYMI W I\IGYXI S WYX HI QMM
HI LSQW (WEGVM3GMM EPI JSGYPYM) #M ETSM W VITIXI EGIEWX QERXV XVIM WYXI HI
QMM HI SVM R TVI^IR'E ^IM'IM 8VMTYVE.
194. 0E WJV#MXYP EGIWXIM WEGVI VITIXVM (NETE) R'IPITXYP =SKMR XVIFYMI W
I\IGYXI HMR RSY LSQE (WEGVM3GMYP JSGYPYM), RXV-YR KSP XVMYRKLMYPEV GY ^ELV,
PETXI, YRX #M 4SEVIE OEVEZM (SPIERHVY).
195. 4VMR I\IGY'ME EGIEWXE HI ,SQE-.ETE-,SQE, ^IM'E 8VMTYVE &LEMVEZM
GEVI E JSWX ZIRIVEX TVMR QERXVE ERXIVMSEV, HIZMRI QYP'YQMX #M WEXMWJEGI
XSEXI HSVMR'IPI =SKMRYPYM.
196. (YT GI P-E ZIRIVEX TI +YVY #M HYT GI E TVMQMX HI PE EGIWXE GIE
QEM REPX QERXV, R QSHYP GSVIWTYR^XSV XVIFYMI W I\IGYXI VITIXEVIE WE R
QSHYP I\TYW; GY QMRXIE GSRGIRXVEX, GLMEV #M SQYP GIP QEM RKVIYREX HI
OEVQIPI XVIGYXI SF'MRI WYGGIWYP.
197. =SKMRYP GEVI E GSRXVSPEX WMQ'YVMPI WEPI, TVMR VITIXEVIE EGIEWXIM
QERXVE S WYX HI QMM HI SVM, G#XMK TYXIVIE HI E EXVEKI GE YR QEKRIX TI
GIMPEP'M SEQIRM.
198. 6ITIXRH EGIEWXE HI HSY SVM TI ^M IP TSEXI GSRXVSPE XSEXI
TIVWSERIPI IPI ZMR PE IP REXYVEP GE #M GYQ EV 3 PMFIVI, GE JIQIMPI GI QIVK
RXV-YR TIPIVMREN. 3EQIRMM M HEY PYM XSX GI TSWIH #M VQR QIVIY WYF
GSRXVSPYP WY.
199. 6ITIXRH EGIEWX QERXVE HI XVIM SVM TI ^M, XSEXI ^IMX'MPI GEVI
TVI^MHIE^ WJIVIPI GIVI#XM, GE #M WJIVIPI RW#M, WYRX EHYWI WYF GSRXVSPYP WY.
200. 6ITIXRH-S PE #EWI MRXIVZEPI HI XMQT, IP HIZMRI ZILMGYPYP TYXIVMM,
TVSXIGXSV EP PYQMM, RGSRNYVEX HI WIVZMXSVM.
201. 6ITIXRH-S PE HSMWTVI^IGI MRXIVZEPI HI XMQT, WXTRMM =EOWLEW,
6OWLEW #M 2KEW ENYRK WYF GSRXVSPYP WY; XS'M EWGYPX HI GSQIR^MPI WEPI
GSRWXERX.
202. 6ITIXRH PE GMRGMWTVI^IGI MRXIVZEPI HI XMQT, 7MHHLEW,
:MHHM]HLEVW, +ERHLEVZEW, %TWEVW MRXV WYF GSRXVSPYP =SKMRYPYM. 2Y IWXI
RHSMEP EWYTVE EGIWXYM PYGVY. )P EXMRKI MQIHMEX GYRSE#XIVIE E XSX GI WI
EYHI" (IP HIZMRI MRWXVYQIRXYP TVMR GEVI GRX %FWSPYXYP, 4EYXYP, XVIWXME) #M
EWXJIP HIZMRI EXSXGYRSWGXSV.
203. 6ITIXRH QERXVE PE STXWTVI^IGI MRXIVZEPI HI XMQT, IP, R GSVTYP
WY, TSEXI W WI VMHMGI HI PE WSP; IP SF'MRI GY EHIZVEX YR GSVT PYQMRSW; TSEXI
QIVKI SVMYRHI R YRMZIVW; YRHI M TPEGI; IP ZIHI TSVMM TQRXYPYM, EHMG ZIHI
MRXIVWTE'MMPI #M QSPIGYPIPI TQRXYPYM WSPMH.
204. 6ITIXRH-S PE HSY^IGM #M STX MRXIVZEPI HI XMQT, IP HIZMRI
WXTRYP. :MHH]HLEVW, R'IPITXYP =SKMR HIZMRI OEQE-V/TM (EHMG TSEXI
SF'MRI SVMGI HSVI#XI; TSEXI W ME SVMGI JSVQ). 6ITIXRH-S PE XVIM^IGM
MRXIVZEPI, IP HIZMRI IKEP PYM &VELQ #M :MWLRY84. )P HIZMRI YR 6YHVE, TVMR
VITIXEVI PE #EM^IGM MRXIVZEPI, #M VITIXRH HI ^IGI QMPMSERI HI SVM QEVIPI =SKMR
IWXI EFWSVFMX R 4EVEQ &VELQE. 9R EWXJIP HI TVEGXMGERX TSEXI 3 GY KVIY KWMX
R GIPI XVIM PYQM85.
205. 3 ^IM'! 7LMZE, HMWXVYKXSV EP 8VMTYVE, I#XM EGIE 4VMQ (9RMG) #M
'IE QEM REPX GEY^. R'IPITXYP P EXMRKI TI )P, GEVI IWXI RIWGLMQFEX
(MQYEFMP), JV QSEVXI, R HITPMR TEGI, RIQWYVEX (MRGSQIRWYVEFMP) #M PMFIV
HI XSEXI VIPIPI; GIP QEM REPX 'IP.
206. 3 QEVI ^IM'! %GIEWX #XMMR' E PYM 7LMZE IWXI S QEVI #XMMR'
(QLZMH])86, GEVI E JSWX RXSXHIEYRE 'MRYX WIGVIX. (I EGIIE, EGIEWX
#XMMR' VIZIPEX HI 1MRI, R'IPITXYP XVIFYMI W-S 'MR WIGVIX.
=SKMRYP HSVMXSV HI WYGGIW, XVIFYMI W 'MR ,EXLE =SKE GE YR QEVI WIGVIX.
)E JVYGXM3G GX IWXI WIGVIX; VIZIPEX #M TMIVHI TYXIVIE.
0IGXYV GSRXMRY 208. R'IPITXYP GEVI S GMXI#XI ^MPRMG, HI PE RGITYX PE
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RIKY'XSV, GEVI WI RXSVGIE R WEXYP WY, #M M-EY PYEX XSX GI EZIE. 8EQE# ZVSME
W-P YGMH TIRXVY E IPMQMRE SVMGI YVQ E XMGPS#MIM PSV. 'IMPEP'M HSM EZIEY
WGYTYPI #M 6ENEW E WTYW: 7-P PIKQ HI YR EVFSVI. /EVQE WE ZE HIGMHI HEG
GMRIZE P ZE KWM SVM RY." )M P-EY PIKEX HI YR EVFSVI #M EY TPIGEX VITIHI. (YT
GI W-EY RHITVXEX TY'MR, 7EXXZE E VIZIRMX TI YVQIPI TE#MPSV WM #M E XMEX
PIKXYVMPI. 2IKY'XSVYP WXVPYGMRH HI JIVMGMVI E WTYW: 8Y Q-EM WEPZEX; ZMRS R
WEX GY QMRI #M XI ZSM VWTPXM. 2Y TSX, VWTYRWI 7EXXZE, GGM SEQIRMM Q ZSV
VIGYRSE#XI GE LS'. 7MRKYVYP PYGVY TI GEVI TYXIEQ W-P JEG IVE W XI IPMFIVI^
HI PIKXYVM.~
+YRXXE ?WOVX.; PMX.: GIP GI E HIT#MX (GIPI XVIM) +YRE"A HIWIQRIE^ TI
EHITXYP GEVI IPMFIVRHY-WI HMR TPEWE GEPMX'MPSV JYRHEQIRXEPI EPI PYQMM
JIRSQIREPI (4VEOVMXM) XVERWGIHI PYQIE QEXIVMEP #M VIEPM^IE^ %FWSPYXYP
(&VELQER). )P ENYRKI PE IPMFIVEVI (1SOWLE) WGSTYP XYXYVSV 3HIPMPSV
LMRHYMWRYPYM.
8. 7EX-'LMH-%RERHE (WOVX.; PMX.: I\MWXIR', GSR#XMMR', JIVMGMVI") IWXI S
I\TVIWMI GVIEX TPIGRH HI PE GSRGITXIPI HI: 1. 7EX (I\MWXIR'E #M 3MR'E
EFWSPYX, IXIVR #M TIVQERIRX MHIRXMG GY &VELQER PE JIP GE #M 'LMX SVM
%RERHE); 2. 'LMX ('SR#XMMR'E EFWSPYX GEVI RKPSFIE^ #M GIPI TEXVY WXVM HI
GSR#XMMR': WXEVIE HI ZIKLI, HI ZMW, HI WSQR TVSJYRH #M 7EQEHLM, RYQMX
HIEWIQIRIE 8YV]E ?E TEXVE" (WXEVI)A); 3. %RERHE (WOVX.; PMX.: FIEXMXYHMRI,
JIVMGMVI WYTVIQ").
R JE'E MQTSWMFMPMX'MM HI E XVEHYGI R GYZMRXI %FWSPYXYP (9PXMQE 6IEPMXEXI,
&VELQER) IWXI YXMPM^EX EGIEWX JSVQYPEVI ZIVFEP #M ETVS\MQE'MI GSRGITXYEP
TIRXVY E WXMQYPE MRXYM'ME EHITXYPYM GEVI EWTMV PE IPMFIVEVI (1SOWLE).
9. 4EVEQELEQWE (WOVX.; PMX.: PIFHE WYTVIQ") IWXI: 1. 8IVQIRYP GEVI
HIWIQRIE^ WXEHMYP WYTVIQ HI 7ERR]WMR ?SQYP GEVI VIRYR' PE PYQI TIRXVY
E XVM R GIE QEM XSXEP VIRYR'EVI, GSRWEGVRHY-#M R RXVIKMQI ZME'E VIEPM^VMM
IPMFIVVMM (1SOWLE)A. 8MXPYP SRSVM3G TI GEVI YR KYVY P TSEXI EXVMFYM HMWGMTSPYPYM
WY (GYQ E JSWX GE^YP PYM =SKRERHE #M E QEIWXVYPYM WY =YOXIWLZEV); 2.
8IVQIR HIWIQRRH YR GPYKV ETEV'MRRH YRIM VEQYVM TEVXMGYPEVI E EHIT'MPSV
PYM 7LEROEVE. ,EQWE (WOVX.; PMX.: PIFH") HIWIQRIE^: 1. 'EWXE YRMG, R
ITSGE R GEVI RY I\MWXE HIGX S WMRKYV :IHE #M YR WMRKYV ^IY, WMXYE'MI
HIWGVMW #M R &LKEZEXE-4YVRE; 2. R 1ELFLVEXE IWXI RYQIPI EXVMFYMX PYM
/VMWLRE; 3. ,EQWE SVM 4EVEQELEQWE IWXI #M RYQIPI EXVMFYMX W3R'MPSV.
9.1. 6IJIVMRHY-WI PE &LKEZEXE-4YVRE, +. 8YGGM ?8LISVMI IX 4VEXMUYI HY
1ERHEPE", )H. *E]EVH, 1974, T.126-128A E3VQ G QEVMM W3R'M ZMWLRYM'M,
TVIGYQ 7LEMXER]E" W-EY KRHMX W VIEPM^I^I R IM WXEVIE HI 6HLFLZE
(YRMYRIE HMRXVI /VMWLRE #M 6HL), GEVI GEVEGXIVM^IE^ MRHIWGVMTXMFMPE YRMYRI
HMZMR.
%GIEWX WMQFSPMG XVERWTSVX EHITXYP RXV-YR EPX TPER WYTVEXIVIWXVY,
IXIVR #M EFWSPYX, GEVI IWXI S WJIV GIPIWX HMRGSPS HI TPERYP HMEGVSRMG EP
HYEPMX'MM #M VIPEXMZMX'MM. %GIWX TPER WEGVY (:VMRHEZERE) IWXI WMQMPEV I\TIVMIR'IM
HMR FYHHLMWQ #M WLMZEMWQ #M WI E4 HMRGSPS HI ZVJYP I\MWXIRXIM MRHMZMHYEPMWXI
(FL/XEPSOE); IWXI PSGYP MHIRXMX'MM (WMRGVSRMGMX'MM) R GEVI EGIEWX PYQI E
HYEPMX'MM #M WYGGIWMYRMM (HMEGVSRMG) E JSWX VIWSVFMX #M XVERW3KYVEX.
'RH EGIWX ERHVSKMR MRM'MEP E JSWX VIWGSRWXMXYMX, GIPI HSY EWTIGXI EPI
GSR#XMMR'IM #M EPI TWMLMGYPYM, E IYPYM #M E RSR-IYPYM, EY JSWX VIYRMXI RXV-S WXEVI
HI YRMXEXI #M HI IGLMPMFVY. 4I TPERYP I\TIVMIR'IM, QERMJIWXEVIE JVEGXYVVMM WI
JEGI TVMR TSPEVM^EVIE SQYPYM R HSY EWTIGXI STYWI (#M GSQTPIQIRXEVI):
FVFEXYP #M JIQIME. -YFMVIE XVIFYMI W GSRHYG PE VIMRXIKVEVI, GEVI IWXI R
EGIPE#M XMQT S WYFPMQEVI. (EG RXPRMVIE EGIWXSV HSY EWTIGXI EPI 3MR'IM
YQERI VQRI PMQMXEX PE WJIVE WIR^SVMEP, IE IWXI WMQMPEV GHIVMM R
MKRSVER' #M TMIVHIVMM XVI^MVMM (FSHLM) RYQEM S TMIVHIVI E WQR'IM: S RSY
HIGHIVI #M QYPX QEM KVEZ. 'GM, RY IWXI GYXEX S WEXMWJEG'MI TIVWSREP, GM
S WYFPMQEVI E WXVMPSV WY4IXI#XM QIVKRH TR PE I\XE^YP GSQTPIXIM JY^MYRM
WTMVMXYEPI, YRHI RY QEM I\MWX RMGM IY #M RMGM XY, GM HSEV YR WMRKYV #M YRMG 7MRI.
7MQ'YVMPI XVIFYMI W 3I GE QSEVXI. %XYRGM EVI PSG XVERWJIVYP #M WYFPMQEVIE GEVI
GSRHYG PE SQYP IXIVR.
)\MWX XVIM JIPYVM HI SEQIRM: SQYP IXIVR (WELENE), SQYP RIGVIEX #M SQYP
RGEVREX WYTYW /EVQIM" (&LKEZEXE-4YVRE). %GIEWX XVERWQYXE'MI IWXI
VIEPM^EX GSRWMHIVRH FVFEXYP GE S FYGYVMI #M JIQIME GE S FIEXMXYHMRI;
VETSVXYP HMRXVI GIM HSM RY IWXI EGIPE HI MYFMVI 3^MG (OEQE), GM HI TVXM WEY
TVIQE GEVI HIWIQRIE^ WYFPMQEVIE WTMVMXYEP E MYFMVMM. %GIWX VETSVX WI
VIEPM^IE^ RPSGYMRH IRXMXEXIE TWMLS-3^MG E MRHMZMHYPYM (VSTE, .MZE) GY
EHIZVEXE WE REXYV HI IWIR' HMZMR (WZEVYTE).
(MR SQYP FXVR WI RE#XI YR RSY SQ; EVI PSG EGGIWYP PE YR EPX TPER,
HMRGSPS HI HYEPMXEXI, GEVI XSXY#M, RY WI VIEPM^IE^ HIGX HYT TEVGYVKIVIE
YRYM HVYQ TIVMGYPSW, TI TEVGYVWYP GVYME IWXI Y#SV W GE^M R TVTWXMM EHRGM.
'GM GIP GI WI ERKENIE^ TI EGIEWX GEPI (XERXVMG) JV W 3I TVIKXMX
WY3GMIRX RY ENYRKI PE QRXYMVI GM PE TMIVHIVI #M VXGMVI.
n+RS^E XERXVMG, GE #M GIE FYHHLMWX SVM HMR WLMZEMWQ E RGIVGEX W
VIGSRWXMXYMI YRMXEXIE SQYPYM TI GEVI EWGI^E I\XVIQ EQIRMR'E W S
JVEGXYVI^I (VIRYR'EVIE EFWSPYX, GEWXMXEXIE I\XVIQ RY GSRHYGIEY PE
IGLMPMFVYP RIGIWEV GM PE S EQTPM3GEVI E JVEGXYVVMPSV #M HI^SVHMRMPSV TWMLS-
EJIGXMZI): R TVSJYR^MQMPI GSVTYPYM YQER WP#YMI#XI YR #EVTI RIKVY GEVI ^M #M
RSETXI XI QY#G, MEV SQYP TSEXI GY QEVI KVIYXEXI W IPMQMRI MQTYPWYVMPI
EGIWXYM /EQE". /EQE RY IWXI MYFMVIE GM YR RYQI KIRIVMG TIRXVY XSEX ZME'E
MRWXMRGXYEP, WIHMYP RIGSRXVSPEX EP TVSGVIE'MIM #M EP TPGIVMM. +RS^E MRHMER
HRHY-#M WIEQE HI TIVMGSPYP RIKVMM WEY I\XMVTVMM EGIWXIM TV'M E 3MR'IM
RSEWXVI, #M, R PSG W YVQI^I GEPIE VIRYR'VMM, #M-E RHVITXEX RXVIEKE WE
EXIR'ME EWYTVE XVERWJIVYPYM #M WYFPMQVMM EGIWXSV TYPWMYRM MVI^MWXMFMPI.
*IQIME RY E QEM JSWX IZMXEX, GE R HMWGMTPMRIPI EWGIXMGI EPI #GSPMPSV
SVXSHS\I, GM IE E HIZIRMX GLMEV QMNPSGYP HI E SF'MRI WEPZEVIE. )E IWXI GIEPEPX
TEVXI HMR RSM R#MRI TI GEVI S VIWMQ'MQ GE TI S HYVIVI EXYRGM GRH RI PMTWI#XI.
'VIRH R HSM TVSTVME RSEWXV QTPMRMVI VIEPM^EVIE MRHMZMHYEP ENYRKI PE
HIWZV#MVI VIGSRWXMXYMRHY-WI IGLMPMFVYP TVMQSVHMEP HMRXVI 7LMZE #M 7LEOXM WEY
HMRXVI =ERK #M =MR (R XESMWQ). %MGM RY QEM IWXI ZSVFE HI WMQ'YVM GGM GIP GI WI
EFERHSRIE^ WMQ'YVMPSV IWXI TMIVHYX GE S XYVQ (TEWY), ERXVIREX JEXEP WTVI
TVSTVME WE HMWXVYKIVI.
)WXI ZSVFE HI S VIRE#XIVI E SQYPYM R EVQSRME WIVIR R GEVI 7MRIPI
GSRXIQTP #M HSQMR FSK'ME QM#GVMPSV QMR'MM.~ 10. 0EOWLMQM (WOVX.; PMX.:
#ERW", ^IM'E JIVMGMVMM") WIQRM3G R 6MK-:IHE TYV #M WMQTPY RSVSGYP, #ERWE".
R %XLEVZE-:IHE ETEVI WYF EWTIGXYP YRIM 3MR'I JIQMRMRI TYVXXSEVI GRH E
RSVSGYPYM GRH E RIGE^YPYM.
1EM XV^MY 0EOWLQ WEY 7LV E HIZIRMX ^IM'E JIVMGMVMM, WS'ME PYM :MWLRY #M
QEQE PYM /EQE (^IYP MYFMVMM #M EP TSJXIM WIR^YEPI).
'SRJSVQ PIKIRHIM 0EOWLQ E ETVYX HMR WTYQE SGIERYPYM, GE #M %JVSHMXE,
R QSQIRXYP "&EXIVMM QVMM HI PETXI" (TIRXVY EPIKIVIE ETIM MQSVXEPMX'MM #M
WGSEXIVIE PYGVYVMPSV RKLM'MXI HI SGIE R XMQTYP TSXSTYPYM) HI GXVI ^IM #M %WYVE
(HIQSRM, WTMVMXI VIPI; R 6MKZIHE: XSX ^IM) :MWLRY-4YVRE EXIWX HI QEM QYPXI
SVM SVMKMRIE SGIERMG E PYM 0EOWLQ. 'RH :MWLRY W-E RGEVREX R /VMWLRE, IE E
HIZIRMX 6YOQMR; EWIQRXSV EXYRGM GRH
:MWLRY W-E RWGYX WYF XVWYXYVMPI PYM 4EVEWLY-6QE, IE E HIZIRMX WS'ME
WE (LEVER.
11. 7EQWVE (WOVX.; PMX.: QMKVE'MI") HIWIQRIE^ R LMRHYMWQ GMGPYP HI
RE#XIVM, HI QSV'M #M VIRE#XIVM, GVYME M WYRX WYTY#M XS'M SEQIRMM, EXX XMQT GX
IM VQR TVM^SRMIVM EM MKRSVER'IM; EXX XMQT GX RY-#M VIEPM^IE^ I\TIVMQIRXEP
MHIRXMXEXIE GY &VELQER.
R FYHHLMWQ #M >IR XIVQIRYP 7EQWVE IWXI XVEHYW TVMR GMGPYP
I\MWXIR'IPSV" GIIE GI HIWIQRIE^ #MVYP HI VIRE#XIVM R WRYP HMJIVMXIPSV
GSRHM'MM HI I\MWXIR' (+XM) HI GEVI MRHMZMHYP RY WI TSEXI IPMFIVE EXX XMQT GX
RY E EXMRW 2MVZERE. R FYHHLMWQYP 1EL]ERE, XIVQIRYP 7EQWVE HIWIQRIE^
#M PYQIE JIRSQIREP GEVI IWXI GSRWMHIVEX GE EZRH REXYV MHIRXMG GY
2MVZERE. 9RMXEXIE HI REXYV HMRXVI 7EQWVE #M 2MVZERE WI FE^IE^ TI
GSRGIT'ME G XSXYP IWXI MPY^MI; 7EQWVE #M 2MVZERE RY WYRX HIGX WMQTPI
GYZMRXI JV GSR'MRYX VIEP, IPI WYRX ZMHI (7LR]EXE).
(EG WI ME R GSRWMHIVEVI %HIZVEXE 2EXYV E PYQMM MEV RY RYQEM
EWTIGXYP WY JIRSQIREP, RI TYXIQ HE WIEQE HI GI 7EQWVE #M 2MVZERE RY
WYRX HMWXMRGXI YRE HI GIEPEPX. 4IRXVY E TYXIE WGTE HI 7EQWVE #M TIRXVY E
TYXIE MRXVE R 2MVZERE IWXI MRHMWTIRWEFMP W VIRE#XIQ R JSVQE YQER;
GIPIPEPXI JSVQI HI I\MWXIR' RY TIVQMX 3MR'IPSV W TYR GETX GMGPYPYM PSV,
TIRXVY G IPI WYRX MRGETEFMPI W R'IPIEK G HSVMR'E #M MKRSVER'E GSRWXMXYMI
QSXSVYP 7EQWVE 3MRH EWXJIP MRGETEFMPI W HIT#IEWG EGIWXI SFWEGSPI.
12. &VELQERHE (WOVX.; PMX.: SYP PYM &VELQ") IWXI XIVQIRYP GEVI
HIWIQRIE^ YRMZIVWYP, PYQIE ETEVIR'IPSV.
13. .ZE (WOVX.; HI PE .Z": E XVM") HIWIQRIE^ R LMRHYMWQ 3MR'E ZMI
RGEVREX #M HIGM QYVMXSEVI. 7MRIPI MRGEVREX WI MHIRXM3G GY YR GSVT QYVMXSV #M
GY QMRXIE (KRHMVIE). (IZIRMX IY MRHMZMHYEP (IKS) IP #M GVIE^ MPY^ME YRIM
HYEPMX'M (WITEVVM RXVI IY #M VIEPMXEXIE RGSRNYVXSEVI; RXVI IY #M GIMPEP'M
SEQIRM) #M E YRIM GEY^EPMX'M (WYGGIWMYRM, GYVKIVM) #M WI RPR'YMI EWXJIP R GMGPYP
RE#XIVMPSV #M EP QSV'MM. .ZE IWXI WLZEVE (WOVX.; PMX.: HSQRYP YRMZIVWYPYM"), HEV
RYQEM R QERMJIWXEVIE WE TEV'MEP. (MR TYRGX HI ZIHIVI 3PSWS3G .ZE IWXI
&VELQER, EHMG VIEPMXEXIE EFWSPYX QERMJIWXEX GE WMRI MRHMZMHYEP, KVE'MI
TYXIVMM WEPI (7LEOXM).
2YQVYP HI .ZE IWXI MR3RMX, R XMQT GI 7MRIPI ZIVMXEFMP (%XQER) IWXI
YRMG.
.ZXQER IWXI %XQER GEVI WI QERMJIWX WYF JSVQE WMRIPYM RGEVREX.
)P PSGYMI#XI RXV-YR GSVT TI GEVI-P YXMPM^IE^ GE MRWXVYQIRX WEY ZILMGSP
GYRSWGRH G R VIEPMXEXI, IP IWXI #M VQRI %XQER.
%XQER IWXI XIVQIRYP GEVI HIWIQRIE^ R GSRGIT'ME LMRHYMWX 7MRIPI
ZIVMXEFMP #M RIQYVMXSV EP SQYPYM, TI GEVI SGGMHIRXEPMM P RYQIWG WY4IX".
7TIGXEXSV MQTEV'MEP EP .ZE, IP WI WMXYE^ HMRGSPS HI GSVT #M HI KRHMVI;
'SR#XMMR' EFWSPYX, IP IWXI MHIRXMG GY &VELQER. 'EVEGXIVMWXMGMPI TVSTVMM PYM
%XQER WYRX MHIRXMGI GY GIPI EPI PYM &VELQER: 3MR' #M I\MWXIR' IXIVR #M
EFWSPYX, GSR#XMMR' EFWSPYX #M JIVMGMVI EFWSPYX. (I#M FYHHLMWQYP RIEK
I\MWXIR'E PYM %XQER HMR QSXMZI TIHEKSGMGI (%RXQER) IP VIGYRSE#XI I\MWXIR'E
%HIZVEXIM 2EXYVM (2EXYVMM HI &YHHLE; R WOVX.: &YHHLEX) GEVI IWXI HYT
GSRGIT'ME 1ELE]ERE REXYVE ZIVMXEFMP, MQYEFMP #M IXIVR E XYXYVSV 3MR'IPSV;
3MRHG XSEXI 3R'IPI TSWIH EGIEWX
2EXYV HI &YHHLE, IWXI TSWMFMP GE YVQRH GEPIE, XSEXI W SF'MR
-PYQMREVIE #M W HIZMR &YHHLE, MRHITIRHIRX HI RMZIPYP HI I\MWXIR', R GEVI
WYRX WMXYEXI RXV-S ERYQMX MRGEVREVI.
4EVEQXQER (WOVX.; PMX.: %XQER WYTVIQ") IWXI 7MRIPI WYTIVMSV, EHIWIE
XVEHYW TVMR WY4IXYP YRMZIVWEP" SVM )YP 7YTVIQ" (4EYP &VYRXSR) 7MRIPI WYTVIQ
IWXI 'SR#XMMR'E EFWSPYX, MHIRXMG PYM &VELQER.
14. 4EVEFVELQER (WOVX.; PMX.: &VELQER WYTVIQ") IWXI S I\TVIWMI
GSQTPIX MVE'MSREP (VIHSRHERX; TPISREWQ), 3MRHG &VELQER IWXI TVMR
HI3RM'MI *MMR'E ()\MWXIR'E) EFWSPYX, 'SR#XMR'E EFWSPYX #M *IVMGMVIE
%FWSPYX GIIE GI RY GSQTSVX YR KVEH WYTIVMSV.
&VELQER" IWXI 6IEPMXEXIE %FWSPYX MQYEFMP #M IXIVR, HIWGVMW HVITX
6IEPMXEXIE 7YTVIQ R :IHERXE RSRHYEPMWX (GEVI RY XVIFYMI GSRJYRHEX GY
&VELQ ZI^M 8VMQYVXM R 'YZRXYP MRXVSHYGXMZ"). 6IPMKMMPI HYEPMWXI RXIQIMEXI
TI I\MWXIR'E YRYM ^IY TIVWSREP, RY GYRSWG RMQMG GEVE W 3I IGLMZEPIRX
GSRGITXYPYM HI &VELQER. R JSVQE WE EFWXVEGX GSRGITXYP HI 'SR#XMMR'
%FWSPYX IWXI HI RIGSRGITYX VE'MSREP. 0E GIE QEM QMG XIRXEXMZ HI
GSRGVIXM^EVI 9PXMQE 6IEPMXEXI HIZMRI WLZEVE.
&VELQER 3MRH S WXEVI HI XVERWGIRHIR' TYV, RY TSEXI 3 GSRGITYX
(JSVQYPEX; HIWGVMW; YVQEX) RMGM HI KRHMVI #M EG'MYRI (VIKYPM QSVEPI, VMXYVM) #M
RMGM TVMR GYZMRXI. (YT GYQ WTYRIE TI FYR HVITXEXI 7LV
6QEOVMWLRE RMGM S PMQF RMGMSHEX RY P-E TXEX TI &VELQER". 4IRXVY E
ENYXE 3HIPMM GEVI EY WIXIE HI E GYRSE#XI WYRX YXMPM^EXI I\TVIWMM HI ETVSTVMIVI
HI 9PXMQE 6IEPMXEXI GYQ WYRX: 9RYP JV WIGYRH" WEY 7EXGLMHRERHE" (ZI^M
2SXE 8). *V &VELQER GEVI IWXI *MMR'E ()\MWXIR'E) EFWSPYX, RMGM S EPX
I\MWXIR' RY IWXI TSWMFMP; &VELQER GEVI IWXI
'SR#XMMR'E JEGI TSWMFMP TIVGIT'ME *MMR'IM #M E &IEXMXYHMRMM.
&VELQER, GEVI IWXI 'LMX, 'SR#XMMR'E EFWSPYX, WI VI4IGX R .ZE, HRH
RE#XIVI KRHMVMM GEVI GVIE^ PYQIE ETEVIR'IPSV, EPGXYMX HMR RYQI #M JSVQI
(2QEVTE). (YT GYQ MRHMG S GIPIFV JSVQYPEVI ZIHMG /LEQ
&VELQ" (8SXYP IWXI &VELQER), RYQEM &VELQER I\MWX; RSM RY JEGIQ HIGX W
TVSMIGXQ EWYTVE 0YM MPY^MMPI HEXSVEXI MQEKMRE'MIM RSEWXVI, E#E GYQ S WJSEV
IWXI PYEX HVITX #EVTI.
15. 1IVY, HIEWIQIRIE 7YQIVY (R WOVX.; PMX.: ZVJYP PYQMM") HIWIQRIE^
QYRXIPI WMXYEX R GIRXVYP YRMZIVWYPYM, HYT ERXMGE VITVI^IRXEVI GSWQSPSKMG
MRHMER, EGIWXE IWXI PSGYP HI RXPRMVI #M HI ZMI'YMVI EP ^IMPSV. -HIIE HIWTVI
1IVY IWXI GSQYR R LMRHYMWQ #M FYHHLMWQ, HEV WMWXIQIPI GSWQSPSKMGI
FE^EXI TI I\MWXIR'E WE WYRX HMJIVMXI.
R LMRHYMWQ +ERKIPI GIPIWX (+ERKE) #M EVI M^ZSVYP R ZVJYP QYRXIPYM
1IVY, REMRXI HI E WI HMZM^E R TEXVY 4YZMM XIVIWXVI GEVI GYVK R GIPI TEXVY
HMVIG'MM GEVHMREPI.
%GIWX E\ EP PYQMM", GEVI JEGI PIKXYVE RXVI PYQIE WYFTQRXIER
(MRJIVR) #M GIV, IWXI #M YR WMQFSP TIRXVY GSPSERE ZIVXIFVEP #M TIRXVY E\YP
MQYEFMP EP YRMZIVWYPYM (9PXMQE 6IEPMXEXI).
16. 'LEOVE (WOVX.; PMX.: VSEX, GIVG") HIWIQRIE^ R LMRHYMWQ:1. 'IVGYP
HI EHSVEXSVM EM PYM (YQRI^IY; 2. 8IVQIRYP TIRXVY GIRXVIPI TVMR GEVI XVIGI
IRIVKME WYFXMP (4VERE, /YRHEPMRM) HMR GSVTYP EWXVEP EP SQYPYM. %GIWXI GIRXVI
GYPIK, XVERWQMX #M VIHMWXVMFYMI IRIVKME WYFXMP GEVI PI XVEZIVWIE^. (I#M
'LEOVEW GSVIWTYRH YRISVM GY YRIPI SVKERI 3^MGI (HI I\.: MRMQE WEY TPI\YP
WSPEV) XVIFYMI W RY 3I GSRJYRHEXI GY EGIWXIE, GGM IPI ETEV'MR YRYM EPX RMZIP
EP VIEPMX'MM JIRSQIREPI. 'LEOVEW WYRX TYRGXI HI RXPRMVI #M MRXIVTIRIXVEVI E
3^MGYPYM #M E TWMLMGYPYM.
'IPI #ETXI 'LEOVEW HMR /YRHEPMRM-=SKE ?EGIWXI GIRXVI WYRX HI EWIQIRIE
GYRSWGYXI R MWPEQMWQ, XESMWQ #M GVI#XMRMWQ (MWMLEWQ) WYF HIRYQMVM HMJIVMXIA
WYRX WMXYEXI R PYRKYP 7YWLYQRE, EHMG HI-E PYRKYP TVMRGMTMYPYM GEREP (REHMW)
GEVI XVERWTSVX IRIVKME WYFXMP R PYRKYP GSPSERIM ZIVXIFVEPI (GEREPYP TVMR GEVI
YVG /YRHEPMR-7LEOXM R GYVWYP XVI^MVMM WTMVMXYEPI E SQYPYM). 4VMQIPI #EWI
'LEOVEW WYRX WMXYEXI R MRXIVMSVYP RZIPM#YPYM GSVTSVEP KVSWMIV, R XMQT GI E
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JIRSQIR GI WI TVSHYGI GE YVQEVI E ERYQMXSV I\IVGM'MM =SKE, IRIVKME WYFXMP
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EXVMFYMX 'LEOVEW.
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HIWGVMY 'LEOVEW GE TI RM#XI 4SVM HI PSXYW" GY YR RYQV HI TIXEPI ZEVMEFMP;
E#E WYRX VITVI^IRXEXI R QSH XVEHM'MSREP.
17. 2MVZRE (WOVX.; PMX.: I\XMRG'MI") HIWIQRIE^ R LMRHYMWQ WXEVIE HI
IPMFIVEVI WEY HI -PYQMREVI, GEVEGXIVM^EX TVMR HMWSPY'ME IYPYM MRHMZMHYEP #M
IJIQIV R &VELQER. 2MVZRE IPMFIVIE^ SQYP HI WYJIVMR', QSEVXI #M
VIRE#XIVI, HI XSEXI JSVQIPI HI RPR'YMVI XIVIWXV. )WXI WXEVIE HI GSR#XMMR'
WYTVIQ #M XVERWGIHIRXEP GEVI R &LEKEZEH-+XE IWXI RYQMX &VELQE-
2MVZRE, R 9TERMWLEHI: 8YV]E, R =SKE: 2MVFNE-7EQEHLM, MEV R :IHERXE:
2MVZMOEPTE-7EQEHLM.
R XSEXI VEQYVMPI FYHHLMWQYPYM 2MVZERE VITVI^MRX 'IPYP TVEGXMGMM
WTMVMXYEPI. R FYHHLMWQYP TVMQMXMZ TVMR 2MVZRE WI R'IPIKIE IPMFIVEVIE HMR
GMGPYP VIRE#XIVMPSV (7EQWEVE) #M XVIGIVIE PE S GSRHM'MI HI I\MWXIR' GSQTPIX
HMJIVMX.
'SRWMHIVEX RIGSRHM'MSREX (%WEQWOVMXE) ?JV JSVQ; HMRGSPS HI
I\MWXIR'E HMEGVSRMGA 2MVZRE IWXI S TSEVX HI EGGIW R XVQYP XVERWGIHIRXEP
#M WYTVEREXYVEP (0SOEXXEVE) ?EP MQSVXEPMX'MM, MQTSWMFMP HI PSGEPM^EX QEXIVMEP R
WTE'MY #MY XMQT; EGGIWMFMP HSEV TVMR I\TIVMIR'E QMWXMGA #M WI GEVEGXIVM^IE^
TVMR EFWIR'E WYGGIWMYRMM (RE#XIVMM, HIZIRMVMM, XVERWJSVQVMM #M EP HMWTEVM'MIM). 7I
HMWXMRK HSY JIPYVM HI 2MVZRE: 2MVZRE RSR 3\EX" (%TVEXMWLXLMXE 2MVZRE) #M
2MVZRE GSQTPIX WEY WXEFMP (4VEXMWLXLMXE-2MVZRE).
R FYHHLMWQYP >IR, 2MVZRE IWXI GSRWMHIVEX GE VIEPM^EVIE %HIZVEXIM
2EXYVM E WTMVMXYPYM, MHIRXMG GY %HIZVEXE 2EXYV E SQYPYM, EHMG REXYVEHI
FYHHLE (&YWWL). R GSRGIT'ME 'L'ER (>IR GLMRI^) 4VENRE (R'IPITGMYRIE) #M
2MVZERE WYRX HSY EWTIGXI EPI YRIME #M WMRKYVI WXVM; 2MVZRE IWXI WXEVIE R
GEVI XVMI#XI SQYP GEVI E VIEPM^EX 4VENRE #M HIGM GYRSE#XIVIE TVSTVMYPYM WY
WTMVMX, WEY EPXJIP WTYW %HIZVEXE 2EXYV E 7MRIPYM; 4VENgE IWXI R'IPITGMYRIE
SQYPYM GEVI E VIEPM^EX 2MVZRE.
18. 2HM (WOVX.; PMX.: XYF, ZEW, ZIR") HIWIQRIE^ GEREPIPI WYFXMPI GEVI
GSRHYG MRHMWTIRWEFMPE 4VERE, R XSEXI VIKMYRMPI GSVTYPYM TIRXVY E PI EPMQIRXE.
2EHMW ?GEREPI TIRXVY IRIVKME WYFXMPA
8SKIXLIV [MXL XLI GLEOVEW, XLI REHMW ZEVMSYWP] XVERWPEXIH EW
"GSRHYMXW", "RIVZIW", "ZIMRW", "ZIWWIPW" SV "EVXIVMIW" GSRWXMXYXI XLI
GSQTSWMXMSR SJ XLI WYFXPI SV ]SKMG FSH] MR
8ERXVE.
0MOI XLI 'LMRIWI QIVMHMERW, XLI REHMW GSRWXMXYXI GLERRIPW SJ 4S[ SJ
WYFXPI ZMXEP JSVGI (TVERE)
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GIRXYV] F.G.I.). 8LI LIEVX JSV I\EQTPI [EW WEMH XS FI XLI GIRXVI SJ XLI 72,000
REHMW. 8LI GSRGITX [EW HIZIPSTIH R XLI PEXIV 9TERMWLEHW JVSQ 2RH GIRXYV]
F.G.I. XS XLI 2RH GIRXYV] G.I. ERH PEXIV ERH XLI REWGIRX =SKE ERH 8ERXVMG
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8LI /WLYVMOE-9TERMWLEH ERH PEXIV XLI ,EXLE]SKETVEHMOTE QIRXMSR XLI
72,000 REHMW, IWTIGMEPP] XLI -HE, 4MRKEPE, ERH
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3XLIV 3KYVIW LEZI FIIR TVSTSWIH 80,000 (8VMWMOLMFVEQERSTERMWLEH),
200,000, SV 300,000 (I. +. 7MZE
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&SH] )WWIRGI ERH 7LEHS[, (1977, %VX ERH -QEKMREXMSR 7IVMIW, 8LEQIW ERH
,YHWSR, 0SRHSR) -R XLEX FSSO XLMW MPPYWXVEXMSR MW PEFIPPIH "8LI REHMW, HMEKVEQ,
8MFIX", FYX XLI [VMXMRK MW WERWOVMX RSX 8MFIXER, ERH FSXL XLI EVXMWXMG WX]PI ERH
EPWS XLI EVVERKIQIRX SJ XLI GLEOVEW MW -RHMER)
8LI W]QFSPMWQ VIKEVHMRK XLI -HE, 4MRKEPE, ERH 7YWLYQRE REHMW MW
IWTIGMEPP] VMGLP] HIZIPSTIH R XERXVMG XI\XW. 8LI -HE SR XLI PIJX MW KIRIVEPP]
EWWSGMEXIH [MXL XLI QSSR ?]MRA, [LMXI R GSPSYV, ERH [MXL XLI TVERE SV VMWMRK
ZMXEP FVIEXL, WIQIR ERH 7LMZE (QEPI); XLI 4MRKEPE SR XLI VMKLX [MXL XLI WYR,
?]ERKA XLI GSPSYV VIH, FPSSH SV SZYQ ERH 7LEOXM (JIQEPI)
(+SVEOWLEWMHHLERXEWEQKVELE). 8LI -HE MW EPWS WSQIXMQIW EWWSGMEXIH [MXL XLI
TVERE SV VMWMRK ZMXEP FVIEXL, ERH XLI 4MRKEPE [MXL XLI ETERE SV HIWGIRHMRK
FVIEXL.
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-R XLI 0E]E =SKE XVEHMXMSR SJ XLI 7EX-'EOVE-2MVYTERE, XLI 4EHEOE-4ERGEOE,
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4S[IV), XLI -HE SV PYREV GLERRIP SR XLI PIJX MW EWWSGMEXIH [MXL 7LEOXM-VYTE SV
XLI JIQEPI TVMRGMTPI; XLI 4MRKEPE SV WSPEV GLERRIP SR XLI VMKLX [MXL XLI
QEWGYPMRI TVMRGMTPI (EGGSVHMRK XS XLI 7EQQSLERE-XERXVE XLI TYVYWLE). 8LI
GIRXVEP GLERRIP SV 7YWLYQRE MW EWWSGMEXIH [MXL 3VI ERH XLI YRMSR SJ XLI X[S.
%PXLSYKL MX MW KIRIVEPP] EKVIIH XLEX XLI -HE XIVQMREXIW EX XLI PIJX RSWXVMP
ERH XLI 4MRKEPE EX XLI VMKLX RSWXVMP (WS QYGL WS XLEX XLI TVEGXMXMSRIV MW
EHZMWIH XS FVIEXLI EPXIVREXIP] XLVSYKL IEGL RSWXVMP XS TYVMJ] LMW SV LIV REHMW),
XLIVI EVI X[S MRXIVTVIXEXMSRW VIKEVHMRK XLI VIQEMRMRK TSWMXMSR SJ XLIWI X[S
TVMQEV] REHMW R XLI FSH]. 4IVLETW XLI WXERHEVH XVEHM'MSREP MRXIVTVIXEXMSR MW
XLEX XLI] EVI WXVYRK PMOI E HSYFPI FS[, XLI -HE [LSPP] SR XLI PIJX, XLI 4MRKEPE
GSQTPIXIP] SR XLI VMKLX, ERH XLI 7YWLYQRE WYTTSVXMRK XLI GLEOVEW R XLI
GIRXIV. % VMZEP MRXIVTVIXEXMSR, ERH SRI XLEX LEW FIGSQI ZIV] TSTYPEV R XLI
;IWX, MW XLEX XLI -HE ERH XLI 4MRKEPE EPXIVREXI, GVSWWMRK SZIV XLI XLI
7YWLYQRE EX ZEVMSYW TSMRXW, XLYW KMZMRK VMWI XS XLI MQEKI SJ XLI 'EYHMGYW.
(WII XLI FEGOKVSYRH KVE3G SR XLIWI TEKIW, ERH EPWS XLI JSPPS[MRK MQEKI,
WLS[MRK XLI REHMW ERH XLI GLEOVEW IUYEXIH [MXL XLI 3ZI IPIQIRXW) EFSZI,
7X]PMWIH "GEYHMGYW" HMEKVEQ WLS[MRK XLI XLI -HE (FPYI), XLI 4MRKEPE (SVERKI),
ERH XLI 7YWLYQRE REHMW, XLI WM\ GLEOVEW (I\GPYHMRK XLI 7YWLYQRE) ERH XLI
IPIQIRXEP EWWSGMEXMSRW SJ IEGL GLEOVE.
*VSQ 0E]E]SKE ER %HZERGIH 1IXLSH SJ 'SRGIRXVEXMSR F] 7L]EQ
7YRHEV +SW[EQM -R EHHMXMSR XS XLI ZEVMSYW TVMQEV] ERH QMRSV REHMW, XLI
7LEOXE 8ERXVE ERH
/YRHEPMRM/0E]E =SKE XVEHMXMSRW IQTLEWMW [EW TPEGIH SR XLI GIRXVEP
REHMW [LMGL VITVIWIRXIH GSRGIRXVMG (LIRGI MRGVIEWMRKP] WYFXPI) GLERRIPW
PSGEXIH ZIVXMGEPP] EPSRK SV R JVSRX SJ XLI WTMRI SV FEGOFSRI, ERH EPSRK [LMGL
EVI WXVYRK XLI WIZIR GLEOVEW.
8LIWI JSYV REHMW EVI:
7YWLYQRE-REHM WXEVXW JVSQ XLI /ERHE-QYPE, P]MRK NYWX FIPS[ XLI
1YPEHLEVE GLEOVE, ERH KSIW YT[EVH GIRXVEPP] [MXLMR XLI ZIVXIFVEP GSPYQR.
:ENVE-REHM WXEVXW JVSQ XLI WXEVXMRK TSMRX SJ 7YWLYQRE ERH KSIW YT[EVH,
P]MRK [MXLMR 7YWLYQRE.
'LMXVMRM-REHM WXEVXW EX XLI WXEVXMRK TSMRX SJ XLI :ENVE REHM ERH KSIW
YT[EVH, P]MRK [MXLMR XLI :ENVE REHM.
&VELQE REHM SV &VELQEVERHLVE REHM WXEVXW JVSQ XLI SVM3GI SJ
7[E]EQFLY-PMRKE R XLI 1YPEHLEVE ERH KSIW YT[EVHW, P]MRK [MXLMR 'LMXVMRM
8LI GLEOVEW EVI EGXYEPP] WEMH XS FI WXVYRK EPSRK XLI 3RI 'LMXVMRM REHM,
VEXLIV XLER XLI 7YWLYQRE EW MW GSQQSRP] WXEXIH R ;IWXIVR FSSOW SR XLI
WYFNIGX.
2EHMW
)\MWX XVIM REHMW ?GEREPI IRIVKIXMGIA TVMRGMTEPI R WMWXIQYP WYFXMP YQER
-HE R TEVXIE WXRK, 4MRKEPE R TEVXIE HVIETX #M 7YWLYQRE R GIRXVY.
-(% 2%(-
" 'EREPYP HMR TEVXIE WXRK IWXI RYQMX -HE 2EHM #M IWXI GSRIGXEX GY
TEVXIE HVIETX #M GY TEVXIE HMR WTEXI E GVIMIVYPYM. 'IPI HSY GEREPI HMR
TEVXIE WXRK ?-HEA #M HMR TEVXIE HVIETX ?4MRKEPEA, WI MRXIVWIGXIE^ R %NRE
'LEOVE. %GIWX GEREP EPMQIRXIE^ GY IRIVKMI WMWXIQYP RIVZSW WMQTEXMG WXRK.
%GIWX GEREP EVI KVMN HI ZME'E RSEWXV IQS'MSREP #M HI XVIGYXYP RSWXVY. 9RMM
EYXSVM GSRWMHIV G EGIWX GEREP IWXI EGIE GEVI GVIE^ XVIGYXYP. 3VMGI EV 3
TVI^IRX E^M HIZMRI XVIGYX QMRI. 1MRXIE WYFGSR#XMIRX TVMQI#XI MRJSVQE'MM HI
PE EGIWX GEREP. 1MRXIE WYFGSR#XMIRX EVI HMRGSPS HI IE QMRXIE WYFGSR#XMIRX
GSPIGXMZ ZIGLI HI IVI ?]YKEA. 8SX GI E I\MWXEX R XVIGYX RGITRH HI PE 'VIE'MI
WI E4 R WXEVI EHSVQMX WEY PEXIRX R QMRXIE WYFGSR#XMIRX GSPIGXMZ. %GIWX
7YFGSR#XMIRX 'SPIGXMZ GSR'MRI, GSPIGXIE^ #M WXSGLIE^ XSX GIIE GI IWXI
QSVX R TVSGIWYP IZSPY'MSREV. 3VMGI IWXI QSVX WEY GEVI E TPIGEX R EJEVE
GMVGYPE'MIM IZSPY'MIM #M HI EWIQIRIE XSX GIIE GI WI ZEVW R QMRXIE
WYFGSR#XMIRX QIVKI #M R 1MRXIE 7YFGSR#XMIRX 'SPIGXMZ."
4-2+%0% 2%(-
" 'EREPYP HMR TEVXIE HVIETX, RYQMX 4MRKEPE 2EHM MRXIVWIGXIE^ -HE 2EHM
PE RMZIPYP %NRE 'LEOVE. %GIWX GEREP IWXI GSRIGXEX GY TEVXIE WXRK #M GY
TEVXIE JVSRXEP E GVIMIVYPYM. %GIWX GEREP EPMQIRXIE^ GY IRIVKMI WMWXIQYP
RIVZSW WMQTEXMG HVIETX. R TEVXIE QMRMM HVIETXI WI E4E QMRXIE
WYTVEGSR#XMIRX, GEVI GVIE^ ZMMXSVYP RSWXVY. 8SX GIIE GI KRHMQ WEY GVIHIQ
HIWTVI ZMMXSVYP RSWXVY IWXI RVIKMWXVEX TI TEVXIE QMRMM HVITXI, #M I\MWX HI
EWIQIRIE YR 7YTVEGSR#XMIRX 'SPIGXMZ, GEVI WXSGLIE^ XSX GIIE GI WI ZE
TIXVIGI, WEY GEVI WI ZE RXQTPE 3I HEXSVMX YRSV TIVWSREPMX'M JSEVXI
EQFM'MSEWI SVM GEVI ZMWIE^ WEY TVSMIGXIE^ ZMMXSVYP, 3I HEXSVMX YRSV ERMQEPI
SVM TPERXI." EKVIWMZI.
797,912% 2%(-
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EGIWX GEREP RSM HIZIRMQ 'SR#XMIR'M 'SPIGXMZ #M XS'M JEGXSVMM HMWTEVE'M EM 3MR'IM
RSEWXVI WYRX MRXIKVE'M RXV-YR YRMG RXVIK. %GIWX GEREP VIEPM^IE^ GSRI\MYRIE
RXVI QMRXIE RSEWXV GSR#XMIRX, WMWXIQYP RIVZSW EYXSRSQ #M
7TMVMX, GEVI IWXI VI4IGXEVIE PYM (YQRI^IY R SQ. 7YWLYQRE IWXI GEPIE
(LEVQE, GEPIE HVIETX, HIWGLMW, #M RKYWX TVMR GEVI RSM XVIGIQ TVMR
4SEVXE %NRE 'LEOVE TIRXVY E MRXVE R QTV'ME PYM (YQRI^IY R
7ELEWVEVE." 19. &VELQEVERHLVE R LMRHYMWQ HIWIQRIE^ TEWENYP
EQTPEWEX R GVI#XIXYP GETYPYM; ERYQMXI I\IVGM'MM =SKE TIVQMX VIEPM^EVIE YRIM
XVIGIVM R EGIWX PSG, TVMR GEVI GSR#XMMR'E TSEXI W WI IPMFIVI^I TIRXVY E MRXVE R
WJIVIPI WYTIVMSEVI. %GIPE#M XIVQIR IWXI YXMPM^EX GE WMQFSP EP HIQEXIVMEPM^VMM
GSR#XMMR'IM (ZI^M 2SXE 22).
20. %HLVE (WOVX.; PMX.: VIGMTMIRX") HIWIQRIE^ ZEWYP R GEVI WI
QERMJIWX GSR#XMMR'E; EHMG MRWXVYQIRXYP 3^MG #M TWMLMG EP GSVTYPYM #M EP KRHMVMM,
GSQTYW HMR GMRGM RZIPM#YVM (/SWLE), GEVI QFVEG 'SR#XMMR'E EFWSPYX E SQYPYM
(%XQER).
1PE (WOVX.; PMX.: SVMKMRI, VHGMR").
1PHLVE-'LEOVE (WOVX.; PMX.: 'LEOVE VIGMTMIRXYPYM HI PE VHGMR")
HIWIQRIE^ GIRXVYP WMXYEX PE FE^E 7YWLYQR (GIP QEM MQTSVXERX 2HM, GEVI
YVG R MRXIVMSVYP GSPSERIM ZIVXIFVEPI TR PE GVIMIV, RXVI VHGMRE SVKERIPSV
KIRMXEPI #M ERYW).
21. 8ERXVE (ZI^M #M 'YZRXYP MRXVSHYGXMZ") HIWIQRIE^ WGVMIVMPI #M
TVEGXMGMPI XERXVMGI, GEVI EY GE XIQ GIRXVEP IRIVKME HMZMR WEY JSV'E
GVIEXSEVI (7LEOXM), GEVI WYF JSVQE YRIM ^IM'I, MRGEVRIE^ EWTIGXYP JIQMRMR EP
3IGVIM HMZMRMX'M; IE IWXI R TVMRGMTEP GYRSWGYX GE WS'ME PYM 7LMZE.
22. /YRHEPMRM-7LEOXM (WOVX.; PMX.: JSV'E #EVTIPYM") HIWIQRIE^ JSV'E
GSWQMG GSR'MRYX R SQ, PE FE^E GSPSERIM ZIVXIFVEPI, GEVI TSEXI 3 XVI^MX,
TVMR I\IVGM'MM WTMVMXYEPI, #M EHYW R WXEVIE HI E WI VMHMGE HMR 'LEOVE R 'LEOVE.
23. %OWLE (WOVX.; PMX.: IXIVYP, WTE'MYP") IWXI IPIQIRXYP GIP QEM WYFXMP,
HMRXVI GIPI GMRGM IPIQIRXI, GEVI YQTPI #M TIRIXVIE^ XSX WTE'MYP YRMZIVWYPYM
3MRH, EXX R LMRHYMWQ GX #M R FYHHLMWQ, WYTSVXYP ZMI'MM #M EP WYRIXYPYM.
)P IWXI FE^E QIQSVMIM IXIVRI E YRMZIVWYPYM (XMTEVIPI OEWLE); HEXSVMX
I\MWXIR'IM IXIVYPYM GE WYTSVX IWXI TSWMFMP TVSTEKEVIE WYRIXYPYM PYQMRMM #M E
MQTYPWYPYM RIVZSW; I\XVEG'ME ZSPYRXEV (FMSPSKMG WEY XILRSPSKMG) E IXIVYPYM
HMRXV-YR GSVT GSRHYGI PE MQSFMPM^EVI, ERIWXI^MI #M XGIVI EFWSPYX (JIRSQIR
WIQREPEX #M R TVI^IR'E REZIPSV EPXSV GMZMPM^E'MM KEPEGXMGI).
'LMHEOEWLE IWXI HSQIRMYP 'SR#XMMR'IM EFWSPYXI #M SQRMTVI^IRXI ('LMX),
MHIRXMG GY &VELQER.
24. %WX^M WI JEGI QIVIY GSRJY^MI RXVI %FWSPYX (2MX]E TIVQERIRX,
IXIVR &VELQER) #M 6IPEXMZ (0PE, 1], %RMX]E
)JIQIV). 3EQIRMM EY ENYRW W GVIEH R EYXSVMXEXIE REXYVMM WEY PYQMM
JIRSQIREPI, GEVI RY IWXI HIGX YR NSG" (0PE), S TVSMIG'MI R#IPXSEVI E
EHIZVEXIM EYXSVMX'M IXIVRI #M MQYEFMPI ((YQRI^IY).
25. 0PEQ]E (NSGYP MPY^MIM") TVSHYW HI PYQIE JIRSQIRIPSV.
1] (WOVX.; PMX.: MPY^MI, R#IPXSVMI, ETEVIR'") IWXI TVMRGMTMYP YRMZIVWEP
EP 3PSWS3IM :IHERXE, FE^E KRHMVMM #M E QEXIVMIM 1] IWXI JSV'E (7LEOXM) E PYM
&VELQER, MRHMWSGMEFMP PIKEX HI &VELQER, GYQ IWXI GPHYVE HI JSG. R
GEPMXEXIE WE HI MPY^MI GSWQMG #M HI MKRSVER', 1] P EGSTIV (IGVERIE^) TI
&VELQER. )E EVYRG YR ZP TIWXI ZIHIVIE SEQIRMPSV, EWXJIP GE EGI#XME W RY
TIVGIET HMR YRMZIVW HIGX QYPXMTPMGMXEXIE WE MEV RY VIEPMXEXIE #M YRMXEXIE WE.
1] EVI HSY EWTIGXI: %ZMH] (MKRSVER'E) #M :MH] (GYRSE#XIVIE). %ZMH] P
RHITVXIE^ TI SQ HI
(YQRI^IY #M-P RPR'YMI HMR GI R GI QEM QYPX R EGIEWX PYQI E
TEWMYRMPSV #M WYJIVMR'IPSV. :MH] GSRHYGI SQYP PE GYRSE#XIVIE QERMJIWXVMPSV
PYM
(YQRI^IY #M WI QERMJIWX TVMR ETEVM'ME ZMVXY'MMPSV (TYXIVMPSV). %GIWXI
HSY EWTIGXI IZSPYIE^ R XMQT, WTE'MY #M GEY^EPMXEXI, GIIE GI PI JEGI VIPEXMZI.
3QYP HIT#I#XI HI3RMXMZ HYEPMXEXIE SVM^SRXEP :MH] #M %ZMH] R ^MYE GRH
VIEPM^IE^ I\TIVMQIRXEP GSRXEGXYP ZIVXMGEP GY 9PXMQE 6IEPMXEXI (%FWSPYXYP,
&VELQER) E4EX #M R IP RWY#M.
26. -PY^ME (1]) RY RGIXIE^ HEG VQRIQ ERGSVE'M PE WYTVEJE'E
QERMJIWXEX R GEVI RI 'MR KRHMVIE, WMQ'YVMPI SVM GYZMRXIPI; EGSVHYP SVM
HI^EGSVHYP VE'MSREP RY E GSRHYW RMGMSHEX PE -PYQMREVI GM PE VXGMVI, WXEKREVI
#M HIKVEHEVI. (SEV I\TIVMIR'E GSRXEGXYPYM RIQMNPSGMX GY 9PXMQE 6IEPMXEXI,
WGYJYRHEVIE R 3GIERYP TI WYTVEJE'E GVYME RI E4Q GE RM#XI ZEPYVM, TVMR
7EQEHLM (IRWXE^), RI EHYGI EHIZVEXE GVIHMR' #M GYRSE#XIVI E %HIZVYPYM,
GEVI IWXI WMQYPXER #M 7YFPMQYP; HSEV EXYRGM ETEVI XVERWQYXE'ME HMZMR, #M E
HSYE RE#XIVI, GEVI JEGI GE WMQ'YVMPI #M KRHMVIE RSEWXV W 3I XVERWJSVQEXI,
EWXJIP RGX VIEPMXEXIE JIRSQIREP IWXI TIVGITYX GE S HIWJ#YVEVI #M S
RKLI'EVI WEY GSRHIRWEVI E 9RMX'MM HMZMRI.
27. 4VEOVMXM (ZI^M 2SXE 3).
28. 1IR'MRIVIE WXVMM TVSJERI HI GSR#XMMR' GEVEGXIVM^EX HI MRWXEFMPMXEXI
#M QYPXMTPMGMXEXI (JVEKQIRXEVI R XMQT #M WTE'MY; HIPSGEPM^EVI; VXGMVI) JEGI
MQTSWMFMP TIVGIT'ME VIEP E 9RMX'MM; RGIVGEVIE HI E WMQYPE VE'MSREP SVM ZIVFEP
TIVGIT'ME YRMX'MM VMKMHM^IE^, YRMJSVQM^IE^ #M PMQMXIE^ VIEPMXEXIE. 3VMGI
EXMXYHMRI QIRXEP SVM MQEKMREXMZ HI YRM3GEVI, EXX XMQT GX RY IWXI TVWMX
WYTVEJE'E (GX RY XVIGM TI GIPPEPX QEP, HI YRHI ETEVI REXYVEP TIVWTIGXMZE
GSVIGX EWYTVE PYQMM) IWXI S QMQEVI WEY S MQMXE'MI E EHIZVEXIM ZIHIVM", JV
ZEPSEVI (RY ETEV WMHHLMW); HSEV GSRXEGXYP GY *MMR'E (&VELQER) STIVIE^
XVERWQYXE'ME, GEVI RY PMQMXIE^ QMRXIE #M WMQ'YVMPI PE S TIVWTIGXMZ PMTWMX HI
GYPSEVIE #M FYGYVME HMZIVWMX'MM. 'YZMRXIPI RY TSX HIWGVMI YRMXEXIE HIGX GE
TVMRGMTMY #M EHIZV WYFPMQ, HEV TPEWE GYZMRXIPSV WGET QIVIY IWIR'E PE GEVI
RY WI TSEXI ENYRKI HIGX I\TIVMQIRXEP: E#I^RHY-RI EMGM #M EGYQ,
WGYJYRHRHY-RI R EHRGYP HMR RSM R#MRI" TR EXMRKIQ XIQIPME MQYEFMP E
YRMZIVWYPYM, PSGYP HI MRXIVWIG'MI E QYPXMTPMGMX'MM (GIRXVYP VS'MM" PE 0ES 8WIY,
YRHI HMWGSRXMRYMXEXIE JEGI PSG GSRXMRYMX'MM #M YRMX'MM).
29. :WER (WOVX.; PMX.: MHII, EWTMVE'MI, MQTVIWMI") HIWIQRIE^ R
LMRHYMWQ HSVMR'IPI, RGPMRE'MMPI, EQFM'MMPI EWGYRWI #M RKVSTEXI R RSM, HEV GEVI
TSX R SVMGI QSQIRX W VIZMR PE WYTVEJE'. )PI JEG TEVXI MRXIKVERX HMR
7EQWOVE6, GY GEVI WYRX MHIRXM3GEXI YRISVM.
7EQWOVE (WOVX.; PMX.: MQTVIWMM, VITIVGYVWMYRM") HIWIQRIE^ R LMRHYMWQ
MQTVIWMMPI, KYWXYVMPI, TVIHMWTS^M'MMPI #M TSXIR'MEPMX'MPI, GEVI WI HI^ZSPX R
GSR#XMMR' GE YVQEVI E YRSV EGXI, XVEYQI WEY KRHYVM XVIGYXI (R ZME'E
TVI^IRX WEY R I\MWXIR'IPI ERXIVMSEVI). %GYQYPEVIE XYXYVSV
7EQWOVE VITVI^MRX GEVEGXIVYP YRYM SQ. R FYHHLMWQ EGIWX XIVQIR
IWXI XVEHYW TVMR MRXIR'MI, GSRGIT'MI, GVIE'MI TWMLMG" #M HIWIQRIE^ EXX
EG'MYRIE HI QSHIPEVI, GX #M WXEVIE TEWMZ E GIPYM GEVI IWXI QSHIPEX.
30. %WLVEQE WEY EWLVEQ HIWIQRIE^ R LMRHYMWQ: 1. 'IRXVYP HI WXYHMY
VIPMKMSW #M HI TVEGXMG QIHMXEXMZ; EGIWX GIRXVY TSEXI 3 S GEW, S JIVQ, S
WMLWXVMI WEY S QRWXMVI. 3VMGI PSG HI EHYREVI E TIVWSERIPSV, GEVI #M
GSRWEGV ZME'E IZSPY'MIM WTMVMXYEPI, IWXI YR WLVEQ; 2. ,MRHYMWQYP GSRJSVQ
MRWXVYG'MYRMPSV ZIHMGI HMWXMRKI TEXVY WXEHMM" R ZME'E SEQIRMPSV:
&VELQEGLEV]E, +VMLEWXLE, :RETVEWXLE #M 7ERR]WE ?3IGEVI SQ EZRH HI
RHITPMRMX HEXSVMMPI GSRJSVQI WXEHMYPYM" HI ZME' PE GEVI E ENYRW (EWLVEQE)A.
(MRXVI EGIWXI HEXSVMM VIRYR'EVIE PE JVYGXYP EG'MYRMPSV RXVITVMRWI IWXI IWIR'MEP
EXX R LMRHYMWQ #M FYHHLMWQ GX #M R XESMWQ #M >IR (;Y-;IM).
31. 8EXXZE (WOVX.; PMX.: EHIZV, EHIZVEXE REXYV, TVMRGMTMY
JYRHEQIRXEP") TVSZMRI HI PE VHGMRE 8EX (EGIPE"), GEVI HIWIQRIE^
)WIR'MEPYP, TVI^IRX R 3IGEVI PYGVY. *MIGEVI 3PSWS3I LMRHYW TSWIH YR
ERYQMX RYQV HI TVMRGMTMM (8EXXZE), GE FE^ E WMWXIQIPSV PSV HI KRHMVI.
32. =SKE :E]Y HIWIQRIE^ XILRMGE VIYRMYRMM WY4YVMPSV R MRMQ, WMQMPEV
RXYGXZE VIWTMVE'MIM IQFVMSREVI HMR XESMWQ (8'EM-LWM).
33. 7EQEHLM IWXI S WXEVI MRXIVMSEV HI I\XE^ (IRWXE^), WEY HI
EFWSVF'MI (XVERW), MRZYPRIVEFMP PE TIVXYVFE'MMPI HMR PYQIE JIRSQIREP, GE
YVQEVI E ERGSVVMM (EXE#VMM) WXEFMPI R 9PXMQE 6IEPMXEXI.
34. +YVY HIWIQRIE^ R LMRHYMWQ #M FYHHLMWQ: QEIWXVYP SVM GPY^E",
TI GEPIE WTMVMXYEP. 8VEHM'ME LMRHYW HMWXMRHI TEXVY RMZIPI EPI KYVY: 1. 4VMR'MM,
GEVI RI HEY EGGIW PE GSVTYP RSWXVY, JEQMPMEV^RHY RI GY ZME'E #M HM3GYPX'MPI
WEPI; 2. 1EI#XVMM TVSJERM, TVSJIWSVMM HMR #GSPM SVM YRMZIVWMX'M, SGYTRHY-WI
YRMPEXIVEP HI JSVQEVIE RSEWXV TVSJIWMSREP SVM WSGMEP, RI YQTPY GE TI RM#XI
VIGMTMIRXI" GY MRJSVQE'MM, R PSG W RI EVEXI GYQ W RI HI^ZSPXQ GETEGMX'MPI
PEXIRXI I\MWXIRXI R RSM; 3. 1EIWXVYP WTMVMXYEP, IWXI EGIPE GEVI GYRSE#XI 'EPIE;
HMR TVSTVME WE I\TIVMIR' IP RI TSEXI HI^ZPYM WIRWYP #M WGSTYP ZMI'MM, HVYQYP
VIEPM^VMM HI 7MRI, EVXRHY-RI TIVMGSPIPI #M HM3GYPX'MPI I\MWXIR'IM #M ZMI'MM
EXE#EXI HI VIEPMXEXIE JIRSQIREP, 1EIWXVYP RI TSEXI KLMHE TI 'EPI, HEV RY S
TSEXI TEVGYVKI R PSGYP RSWXVY; RY I\MWX XVERWTSVX WTMVMXYEP" TI WTEXIPI YRYM
EWMR" #M RMGM HEVYVM" ('LYERK 8^Y WTYRIE G: HEG 8ES EV TYXIE 3 HVYMX
WYTY#MM P-EV 3 SJIVMX VIKMPSV").
4. 1EIWXVYP GSWQMG (%ZEXVE; 1IWEKIVYP PYM (YQRI^IY; MRGEVREVIE
'SR#XMMR'IM HMZMRI) IWXI %GIPE GXVI GEVI RI GSRHYGI YR EHIZVEX KYVY
WTMVMXYEP; IP IWXI MRGEVREVIE PYM (YQRI^IY #M IWXI TI HITPMR MPYQMREX.
(TIRXVY GVI#XMRM KYVY GSWQMG IWXI -MWYW ,VMWXSW).
R =SKE QEIWXVYP WTMVMXYEP HIWGLMHIE HMWGMTSPYPYM GEPIE GXVI QEIWXVYP
GSWQMG EP XYXYVSV =SKMRMPSV, GEVI IWXI 'SR#XMMR'E GSWQMG, 9PXMQE 6IEPMXEXI WEY
&VELQER; HSEV QEIWXVY GSWQMG (&VELQER; (YQRI^IY; WEY YRE HMRXVI
QERMJIWXVMPI WEPI: 7LMZE) HI'MRI EXX I\MWXIR'E IXIVR #M MQYEFMP GX #M
RXVIEKE GYRSE#XIVI, TYXIVI #M JIVMGMVI. %WXJIP IWXI VIWTIGXEX TI HITPMR TVMQE
TSVYRG GVI#XMR TI GEVI E VITIXEX-S #M -MWYW: ERGSVEVIE GSKRMXMZ #M EJIGXMZ
R (YQRI^IY."
1EVMM QEI#XVMM WTMVMXYEPM EM SQIRMVMM ?TVMRXVI GEVI MRGPYHIQ QEI#XVMM =SKE
#M QEI#XVMM XESM#XM (EPI GVSV VIPMGZI HMR QSVQMRXI W-EY HIQEXIVMEPM^EX)A #M
QEI#XVMM GSWQMGM, GEVI EY ZIRMX GE QIWEKIVM #M MRGEVRVM EPI (MZMRMX'MM (1IWME,
%ZEXEVE) EY VIEGXYEPM^EX QIWENYP WTMVMXYEP HI E GYXE R RSM R#MRI 'EPIE WTVI
'IV #M QTV'ME PYM (YQRI^IY" #M VITVI^MRX 'M" #M TSV'M" HINE HIWGLMWI
GXVI 9PXMQE 6IEPMXEXI.
35. REMRXI HI E 3 TMPSXEX HI GXVI 1EVIPI QEIWXVY (9PXMQE 6IEPMXEXI)
HMWGMTSPYP XVIFYMI W WI PEWI TMPSXEX HI KYVY (GRH RY #XM EPJEFIXYP RY XI STYM
TVSJIWSVYPYM GEVI XI RZE'). 2Y GSRXIE^ EGSVHYP SVM HI^EGSVHYP XY
MRXIPIGXYEP, HI#M TVMQYP Y#YVIE^ TVIHEVIE. %WIQRXSV, I\TVIWMMPI
TEVEHS\EPI HMR >IR (/SER) #M HMR WY3WQ (WLEXEHEX) RY WSPMGMX R'IPIKIVIE
VE'MSREP GM WYWTIRHEVIE EGXMZMX'MM ZIVFEPI SVM MRXIPIGXYEPI (ZMHYP). RXVI
SEQIRM RY I\MWX GSQYRMGEVI (HMEPSK), EXYRGM GRH WYRX TPMRM HI TVSTVMMPI PSV
TVIVM #M GRH RY EY YQMPMR' #M HIWGLMHIVI WTVI TVIVMPI SVMGX HI HISWIFMXI
EPI GIPSVPEP'M.
REMRXI HI E 3 EWGYPXEX YR KYVY (GEVI WI TSEXI HSZIHM YR MQTSWXSV)
HMWGMTSPYP XVIFYMI W HIWGSTIVI R IP RWY#M VIEPMXEXIE KRHYVMPSV, GYZMRXIPSV #M
EG'MYRMPSV WEPI. 2MGMSHEX IP RY XVIFYMI W WI PEWI QERMTYPEX GXVI MRJERXMPMWQ,
HITIRHIR' #M GEWXVEVI, 3MRHG RMQIRM RY TSEXI TEVGYVKI R PSGYP WY 'EPIE.
'EPIE =SKE, GE #M GIE XESMWX SVM >IR, GSRHYGI PE IPMFIVEVIE SQYPYM HMR
WXEVIE HI TVM^SRMIV JE' HI HMJIVMXIPI TVIWMYRM HMR PYQIE JIRSQIREP; MR4E'ME
YRSV WIGXI #M GYVIRXI QMWXMGI R 3GGMHIRX GSRHYWI HI JEP#M KYVY", GEVI GIV
WYTYRIVIE XSXEP HMR TEVXIE HMWGMTSPMPSV PSV, GY EFERHSREVIE GSQTPIX E
FYRYVMPSV PSV, E KRHMVMM #M JSV'IM PSV HI QYRG, R JSPSWYP YRSV PMHIVM WTMVMXYEPM",
IWXI S JSVQ HI #XIVKIVI #M HI QERMTYPEVI KVSWSPER HIVMZEX HMR GSRHM'MMPI
MRM'MEP WMRGIVI HI TMPSXEVI. R JE'E EGIWXIM JSVQI HI GSRHM'MSREVI, HI EKVIWMYRI
EWYTVE SEQIRMPSV #M HI HMWXSVWMSREVI E EHIZVYPYM, GEVI GSRHYGI PE S RSY
JSVQ HI WGPEZMI, R PSGYP IPMFIVVMM MRWMWXQ EWYTVE MQTSVXER'IM YXMPM^VMM
XYXYVSV ETXMXYHMRMPSV RSEWXVI TIRXVY E IZMXE YR EWXJIP HI HI^RSHQRX XVEKMG.
+RHM'M XSXYP GY TVSTVME ZSEWXV QMRXI; RY Z PWE'M QMRXIE ERIWXI^MEX
HI GIM GI Z EXVEK WTVI GETGERE TPGIVMPSV TVSGYVEXI GY QMNPSEGI I\XIVRI
(HVSKYVM, WI\YEPMXEXI)*.
4VIJIVE'M GV'MPI #M TMPSXEVIE TVMR EWGYPXEVI, YXMPM^RH GEWIXIPI HI
VIPE\EVI, ZMRHIGEVI (IPMFIVEVI HI ZMGMM) #M GSRXEGXEVI E 9PXMQIM
6IEPMX'M, IPEFSVEXI HI RSM; EGIWXI GEWIXI EY EZERXENYP HI E TYXIE 3
EREPM^EXI, REMRXI HI E 3 YXMPM^EXI (RY I\MWX VMWGYP MRHYGIVMM YRSV TVSKVEQI SVM
E YRSV WYKIWXMM, GY GEVI RSM RY WYRXIQ HI EGSVH).
'MRI RY EG'MSRIE^ TVYHIRX EWX^M GRH I\MWX S MR4E'MI HI WIGXI #M
QEI#XVMM, HI TVSJI'M #M HI TVIHMGEXSVM, GEVI TVEGXMG TVS^IPMXMWQYP EGXMZ, TSEXI
HIZIRMM ZMGXMQE LS'MPSV HI GSR#XMMR'I, VMWMTMRHY-#M MRYXMP ZME'E; ZE HIZIRM YR SQ
VEXEX, #XIVW (JV QIQSVMI #M KRHMVI TVSTVMI) S YRIEPX PE RHIQRE FMWIVMGMM,
KYZIVRER'MPSV TSPMXMGM SVM E GMZMPM^E'MMPSV KEPEGXMGI EKVIWMZI (HIQSRMGI).
36. %YXSGYRSE#XIVIE, GEVI IWXI GEPIE HI E VIEPM^E I\TIVMQIRXEP
RVHGMREVIE R 9PXMQE 6IEPMXEXI, TVIGIHI EHIZVEXE GVIHMR'; XSEXI GIPIPEPXI
GVIHMR'I, GEVI RY WYRX FE^EXI TI TIVGIT'ME HMVIGX E 0YQMRMM RYQIREPI, WYRX
JEPWI (WMQYPVM, GSRWXVYG'MM QIRXEPI JV XIQIPMI); RIEZRH GSRXEGX GY
%FWSPYXYP, GVIHMR'E RY TSEXI QYXE QYR'M HMR PSG".
%GIWX SFMIGXMZ EP GSRXEGXVMM 9PXMQIM 6IEPMX'M, VITVI^MRX RGITYXYP #M
WJV#MXYP TVEGXMGMM =SKE (GEVI RGITI #M WJV#I#XI GY 7EQEHLM) EP GVIM 'IP IWXI
WXEFMPM^EVIE GSRXEGXYPYM SF'MRYX HI PE RGITYX; TVEGXMGE =SKE PE 4EXERNEPM RY
RGITI GY =EQE #M 2M]EQE, GEVI WYRX IXETI I\XIVMSEVI, HI GYPXMZEVI E
ZMVXY'MMPSV, GM GY 7EQEHLM, EHMG GY VIEPM^EVIE GSRXEGXYPYM GY M^ZSVYP XYXYVSV
ZMVXY'MMPSV.
%GIIE#M TIVWTIGXMZ #M EXMXYHMRI ETEVI PE 0ES 8WIY (R 8ES 8I 'LMRK) #M PE
'LYERK 8^Y, PE 1ELEVMWLM 1ELIWL =SKM (R GSQIRXEVMYP WY EWYTVE
&LEKEZEH-+XE) #M PE &LEKEZER 7LVII 6EWRIWL (R GEVXIE WE
7TMVMXYEPMXEXIE XERXVMG"); HI EGIIE, RY IWXI RXQTPXSV JETXYP G 4EXERNEPM #M
RGITI #M #M WJV#I#XI GY 7EQEHLM GIPIFVE WE GEVXI =SKE 7YXVEW (%JSVMWQI
HIWTVI =SKE") R GEVI I\TYRI GEPIE 6NE-=SKE.
9MXEVIE HIPMFIVEX E EGIWXYM QIWEN EXX HI GXVI GSRJYGMERM#XM GX #M HI
GXVI VIPMKME MWPEQMG, FYHHLMWX #M GVI#XMR, GEVI XVITXEX W EY XVERWJSVQEX R
WMWXIQI QSVEPI HI RHSGXVMREVI #XIVKIVI #M QERMTYPEVI, EY EZYX HVITX 'IP
EQTPM3GEVIE HMWTSRMFMPMX'MM #M ZYPRIVEFMPMX'MM SEQIRMPSV JE' HI TVIWMYRMPI HMR
PYQIE JIRSQIREP #M HMR GIE WSGMEP (GIIE GI E GSRHYW PE WMXYE'ME HI
HI^VHGMREVI, RWXVMREVI, YRMJSVQM^EVI #M VSFSXM^EVI E SEQIRMPSV PE GEVI
WYRXIQ QEVXSVM EWX^M).
37. :MH] (WOVX.: #XMMR', GYRSE#XIVI, HSGXVMR") HIWIQRIE^ R
LMRHYMWQ GYRSE#XIVIE, GEVI IWXI GPEWM3GEX R HSY GEXIKSVMM: 1. %TEVE-:MH]
('YRSE#XIVIE PMQMXEX WEY VIHYW) GSRWX R GYRSE#XIVIE MRXIPIGXYEP
(SVM^SRXEP); 2. 4EVE-:MH] ('YRSE#XIVIE WYTIVMSEV WEY ZIVXMGEP)
HIWIQRIE^ GYRSE#XIVIE HSFRHMX TVMR MRXYM'MI #M I\TIVMIR' WTMVMXYEP;
RYQEM EGIEWX JSVQ HI GYRSE#XIVI ZIVXMGEP TIVQMXI EGGIWYP PE -PYQMREVI, PE
)PMFIVEVI (QRXYMVI) #M PE R'IPIKIVIE 9PXMQIM 6IEPMX'M.
38. 4VR]QE (WOVX.; PMX.: GSRXVSP EP 4VERE") HIWIQRIE^ E -:
% VEQYVE HMR 6NE-=SKE59.1. %GIEWX VEQYVE GSRWX R I\IGY'ME YRSV
I\IVGM'MM VIWTMVEXSVMM EWSGMEXI YRSV QERXVE43,55. 7Y4YP VIWTMVEXSV IWXI HMZM^EX
R XVIM JE^I: 4VEOE (MRWTMVE'ME), 6IGLEOE (I\TMVE'ME) #M /YQFLEOE (VI'MRIVIE
WY4YPYM).
39. /YQFLEOE HIWIQRIE^ R LMRHYMWQ: 1. %G'MYRIE HI VI'MRIVI E
WY4YPYM RXVI MRWTMVE'MI (4VEOE) #M I\TMVE'MI (6IGLEOE) #M MRZIVW.
)\IVGM'MYP IWXI HIWGVMW R 6NE-=SKE #M R ,EXLE-=SKE; 2. RXVIVYTIVIE
VIWTMVE'MIM. 7I TSEXI TVEGXMGE HYT HSY QIXSHI HMJIVMXI: 3I TVMR I\IVGM'MMPI
VIWTMVEXSVMM HMR 4VR]QE (TVMR GSRGIRXVEVI WI SF'MRI S RXVIVYTIVI EVXM3GMEP
E VIWTMVE'MIM), 3I TVMR I\IVGM'MM WTMVMXYEPI (JV E 3 GX HI TY'MR TVISGYTEX HI
VIWTMVE'MI, HEG RXVIEKE KRHMVI IWXI SVMIRXEX GXVI SFMIGXYP QIHMXE'MIM, WI
EXMRKI YR RMZIP HI GSRGIRXVEVI R GEVI VIWTMVE'ME WI RXVIVYTI 3VIWG, HI PE
WMRI).
%GIWXI HSY QIXSHI TIVQMX TVEGXMGEVIE /YQFLEOE RXV-YR QSH REXYVEP,
JV RMGM YR VMWG HI ZXQEVI E GSVTYPYM. R GEVXIE WE MRXMXYPEX /YRHEPMRM =SKE
(1953), 7LMZRERHE I\TPMG JETXYP G TVMR /YQFLEOE GSVTYP IWXI QFSK'MX GY
4VERE (ZI^M 2SXE 60). 8IVQIRYP WERWOVMX: /YQFLE, RWIEQR: VIGMTMIRX, ZEW
HI ET".
40. %VEQFLE-EZEWXLE IWXI TVMQYP WXEHMY WEY WXEVI HI GSR#XMMR', R GEVI
WI E4 HMWGMTSPYP HYT TYVM3GEVIE REHMW (GEREPIPSV WYFXMPI) GY ENYXSVYP
I\IVGM'MMPSV TVR]QE. %VEQFLE HIWIQRIE^ PIKIE GEY^EPMX'MM, MEV %VEQFLE-
:HE IWXI XISVME, HYT GEVI GVIE'ME WI WYTYRI PIKMM GEY^EPMX'MM #M IWXI HIGM
IJIGXYP YRIM GEY^I. 'Y EPXI GYZMRXI IWXI HIWIQREX WXEVIE HI GSR#XMMR'
(%ZEWXLE) ZYPRIVEFMP PE GSRHM'MSRVMPI I\XIVRI (JIRSQIREPI, GEY^EPI,
WIR^SVMEPI, TWMLS-EJIGXMZI, 3^MSPSKMGI). )\MWX TEXVY %ZEWXLE (WOVX.: WXEVI WEY
RMZIP HI GSR#XMMR'"): .EKVEX (WXEVIE HI ZIKLI, HIRYQMX #M :EMWLZREVE R
:IHERXE), 7ZETRE (WXEVIE SRMVMG, HI ZMW, HIRYQMX #M 8EMNEWE 'IE
0YQMRSEW"), 7YWLYTXM (WXEVIE HI WSQR TVSJYRH) #M 8YV]E (E TEXVE").
+LEXLE-EZEWXE (WOVX.; PMX.: WXEVIE PMQMXEX") IWXI WXEVIE HI ZIKLI
TVSJER, GEVI WI XVERWQYX R 4EVMGLE]E-EZEWXE (WXEVIE (RSR-HYEPMWX), GEVI
QFV'M#IE^ XSX"; YPXMQE IWXI WXEVIE JV JSVQI #M 4YGXYE'MM (2MWLTEXXME-
%ZEWXLE) GEVI ETEVI R QSQIRXYP -PYQMRVMM, GEVI IWXI #M GIP EP WXMRKIVMM PYQMRMM
JIRSQIREPI (2MVZRE). *MIGEVI WXEVI HI GSR#XMMR' WI E4 R GSVIWTSRHIR' GY
S ERYQMX GMVGYPE'MI E 4VERIM #M GY YR ERYQMX VMXQ VIWTMVEXSV; GSRXVSPYP
VIWTMVE'MIM JEGMPMXIE^ HIWGLMHIVIE GMM GXVI 9PXMQE 6IEPMXEXI.
41. 1SOWLE HIWIQRIE^ R LMRHYMWQ IPMFIVEVIE HI3RMXMZ", HIXE#EVIE
HI XSEXI PIKXYVMPI XIVIWXVI, EPI /EVQE #M EPI GMGPYPYM HI VIRE#XIVM (7EQWVE),
KVE'MI YRMYRMM GY (YQRI^IY #M GYRSE#XIVMM 9PXMQIM 6IEPMX'M.
1SOWLE IWXI GIP QEM REPX HMRXVI GIPI TEXVY 'IPYVM EPI I\MWXIR'IM YQERI;
GIPIPEPXI XVIM 'IPYVM WYRX: 1. %VXLE (EGYQYPEVIE FSK'MMPSV); 2. /EQE (TPGIVIE);
#M 3. (LEVQE (HEXSVME). 4IRXVY SQYP GEVI EWTMV PE WTMVMXYEPMXEXI, VIEPM^EVIE
1SOWLE GSRWXMXYMI YRMGYP 'IP EP I\MWXIR'IM WEPI.
42. R 'EVXIE XMFIXER E QSV'MPSV" (&EVHS 8LHSP) IWXI HIWGVMW QIXSHE
HI TMPSXEVI TVMR EYHM'MI, R WXEVIE MRXIVQIHMEV (&EVHS) R ZIHIVIE IPMFIVVMM.
(EG GIP GI QSEVI TMIVHI QSQIRXYP, R GEVI TIVGITI
7TMVMXYP, R %HIZVEXE WE 2EXYV, WYF JSVQE PYQMRMM WXVPYGMXSEVI, #M RY
VIY#I#XI W WI MHIRXM3GI GY EGIEWX ZM^MYRI, IP VQRI TVM^SRMIV R PYQIE
JIRSQIREP RXV-YR RSY GSVT, WYTYW I\TIVMIR'IPSV, GI ZSV WYVZIRM RXV-S EPX
MRGEVREVI; EYXSVMM XI\XYPYM 7LMZE-7EQLMXE GYRS#XIEY I\MWXIR'E EGIWXIM YPXMQI
#ERWI HI WEPZEVI HISEVIGI ETIPEY PE TMPSXEVIE WY4IXYPYM GXVI 0YQMRE
RYQIREP E EGIPYM GI TVWIE XVYTYP (REMRXI HI HI^EKVIKEVIE GIPSV GMRGM
7OERHLE)47.
43. 4VEREZE IWXI XIVQIRYP GEVI HIWIQRIE^ WMPEFE QMWXMG #M WEGV
31. 4VSRYR'EVIE EPYRKMX E WYRIXIPSV GSR'MRYXI R EGIEWX QERXVE IWXI
RYQMX (VKLE-4VEREZE; WMPEFE 31 IWXI TVSRYR'EX %3911 (WI GEYX
TIVGITIVIE WYRIXYPYM MRXIVMSV HI HMRGSPS HI WYRIX).
1ERXVE (HI EWIQIRIE 1ERXVEQ) HIWIQRIE^ EMGM S WMPEF WEY S
WYGGIWMYRI HI WMPEFI RGVGEXI GY IRIVKMI (#M MRJSVQE'MI); QERXVE WYRX
I\TVIWMM EPI ERYQMXSV EWTIGXI EPI HMZMRMX'MPSV WEY EPI YRSV JSV'I GSWQMGI.
R RYQIVSEWI #GSPM FYHHLMWXI #M LMRHYMWXI VITIXEVIE QERXVE IWXI S
JSVQ HI QIHMXE'MI. R :ENVE]ERE (FYHHLMWQ XMFIXER) IPI NSEG VSPYP HI WYTSVX
#M HI TVSXIGXSVM EM WTMVMXYPYM. 6IGMXEVIE QERXVE IWXI RWS'MX HI ZM^YEPM^EVI #M HI
EXMXYHMRM GSVTSVEPI TVIGMWI (1YHV).
1ERXVE-=SKE IWXI 'EPIE =SKE, GEVI XMRHI W VIEPM^I^I YRMYRIE GY
(YQRI^IY WEY &VELQER KVE'MI VITIXVMM (.ETE) YRIM 1ERXVE. R GSRJSVQMXEXI
GY
4YVRE, .ETE VITVI^MRX R IVE RSEWXV S GEPI Y#SEV HI E ENYRKI PE
GYRSE#XIVIE PYM &VELQER (&VELQE-:MH]E).
.ETE (WEY .ETEQ) ?PMX.: 1.E QYVQYVE, E #Y#SXM"; 2.VS^EVMY"A
HIWIQRIE^ VITIXEVIE YRYM RYQI WEY E YRIM JSVQYPI WEGVI (1ERXVE) R
WGSTYP EFWSVF'MIM QIHMXEXMZI. %GIEWX VITIXEVI WI TSEXI IJIGXYE QIRXEP WEY
GY ZSGI XEVI.
3FMIGXYP .ETE TSEXI 3 RYQIPI YRYM ^IY WEY S QERXV, EXVMFYMX 3IGVYM
HMWGMTSP HI GXVI KYVY. .ETE IWXI YR I\IVGM'MY IWIR'MEP TIRXVY GEPQEVIE #M
TYVM3GEVIE QMR'MM. 7I HMWXMRK XVIM XMTYVM HI .ETE: 1.GY ZSGI XEVI (0MOLMXE-.ETE);
2. 1YX, GRH FY^IPI WI QM#G, JV IQMXIVIE WYRIXYPYM (:EMOLEVM-.ETE); 3.
6ITIXM'ME QIRXEP (1REWMOE-.ETE).
44. 7MHHLM (WOVX.; ETVS\.: TYXIVI TIVJIGX") HIWIQRIE^ R LMRHYMWQ
TYXIVMPI TWMLMGI, GYVIRX GPEWM3GEXI HVITX WYTVEREXYVEPI" GEVI ETEV R TEVEPIP
GY IZSPY'ME WTMVMXYEP, TI QWYV GI WI HI^ZSPX EGGIWYP I\TIVMQIRXEP PE
'SR#XMMR'E 'SWQMG (9PXMQE 6IEPMXEXI).
4VEGXMGEVIE ERYQMXSV I\IVGM'MM HMR 6NE-=SKE I\TYWI HI 4EXERNEPM R
=SKE-7YXVE (GET. ---, 16-55), #M E ERYQMXSV XILRMGM XERXVE HIWGVMWI R
7LMZE-7EQLMXE, TIVQMXI SF'MRIVIE 7MHHLMW-YVMPSV HSVMXI. 8S'M QEVMM QEI#XVMM TYR
R KEVH HMWGMTSPMM GSRXVE EXE#VMM HI EGIWX RSY RMZIP JIRSQIREP, GEVI
FPSGLIE^ VIEPM^EVIE HITPMR E %HIZVYPYM EFWSPYX.
R GSRXI\XYP GMM =SKE FYHHLMWXI, 7MHHLM HIWIQRIE^ GSRXVSPYP TIVJIGX EP
JSV'IPSV GSVTYPYM #M EP REXYVMM JIRSQIREPI.
8SEXI TYXIVMPI TWMLMGI (ZMFL'M) WYRX HI JETX QERMJIWXVM EPI TYXIVMM HMZMRI
WYF JSVQE GYRSE#XIVMM, MYFMVMM, IRIVKMIM #M JSV'IM. )PI WYRX RXPRMXI PE QEI#XVMM
WTMVMXYEPM, EVXM#XM, HIWGSTIVMXSVM #M WEZER'M KIRMEPM. 0E S WGEV VIWXVRW TYXIVMPI
WYTVEREXYVEPI (:MFL'M; 7MHHLM) TVSZSEG EGIPIE#M IJIGXI GY %ZEXEVE, ENYXRH
SEQIRMM W-#M RHVITXI GYXEVIE WTVI GEPIE IZSPY'MIM WTMVMXYEPI.
45. 2EH (WOVX.; PMX.: WYRIX; XSR") HIWIQRIE^ IRIVKME ZMFVE'MSREP,
GEVI WI QERMJIWX WYF JSVQE WYRIXYPYM; WYRIXYP MRXIVMSV, QMWXMG.
2EHE-&MRHY HIWIQRIE^ ZMFVE'ME SVMKMREP, WYRIXYP TVMQSVHMEP, 'YZRXYP
(R WOVX.: :GL) GEVI E HEX RE#XIVI YRMZIVWYPYM; 2EHE-&VELQER HIWIQRIE^
WMQFSPYP WSRSV 31, WYRIXYP PYM &VELQER. 7I E3VQ G 3MR'IPI GEVI EY ENYRW PE
YR REPX WXEHMY HI -PYQMREVI TIVGIT EGIWX WYRIX.
&MRHY (WOVX.; PMX.: TYRGX") IWXI WMQFSPYP YRMZIVWYPYM R JSVQE WE MRM'MEP,
RIQERMJIWXEX. 8VERWJSVQEVIE RIQERMJIWXEXYPYM R PYQIE QERMJIWXEX, E
ETEVIR'IPSV, IWXI GSQTEVEX GY KIRIVEVIE HI GXVI TYRGX E XYXYVSV PMRMMPSV #M
JSVQIPSV. R FYHHLMWQYP XERXVMG, EGIWX XIVQIR HIWIQRIE^ #M WQR'E
SQYPYM, M^ZSVYP YRIM RSM ZMI'M #M E YRSV RSM JSVQI.
46. (ERHEW #M KLEVMW HIWIQRIE^ MRXIVZEPIPI HI XMQT: STX HERHEW
! XVIM SVI; XVIM KLEVMW ! S SV #M XVIM^IGM HI QMRYXI.
47. 7OERHEW (WOVX.; PMX.: KVYT, EKVIKEX") IWXI XIVQIRYP GEVI R FYHHLMWQ
#M >IR HIWIQRIE^ GIPI GMRGM KVYTYVM WEY EKVIKEXI GEVI EPGXYMIWG
TIVWSREPMXEXIE": 1. 'SVTSVEPMXEXIE JSVQE (6TE); 2. 4IVGIT'ME (:IHER); 3.
'SR#XMMR'E (7EQNR); 4. 'SRGITXYP WEY EG'MYRIE (7EQWOVE); 5. 'YRSE#XIVIE
(:MNgRE). %GIWXI EKVIKEXI QEM WYRX EHIWIE QIR'MSREXI HVITX KVYTYVM HI
EXE#EVI", HMR GEY^E HSVMR'IM (8VMWLRE), GEVI PI IWXI MRIVIRX R EJEVE
GE^YVMPSV HI %VLEX #M FYHHLEW HEY RE#XIVI EXE#VMM #M WYRX HIGM M^ZSEVI HI
RIJIVMGMVI #M WYJIVMR'.
48. .ZER 1YOXE (WOVX.; PMX.: IPMFIVEX R ZME'") HIWIQRIE^ R LMRHYMWQ
SQYP GEVI XVMI#XI RG RXV-YR GSVT HI#M W-E IPMFIVEX HI MKRSVER' (%ZMH]) #M
HI MPY^MI (1]). (IXE#EX HI MHIRXM3GEVIE GY GSVTYP #M GY QMRXIE (KRHMVIE), IP
ENYRKI PE )PMFIVEVI. )P #XMI G 3MRH 7MRIPI (%XQER), IWXI YRE GY &VELQER.
49. 'LIXER HIWIQRIE^ MRXIPMKIR'E #M GSR#XMMR'E GSRGITXYEP.
50. :I^M %HLEVE, 1YPEHLEVE. (2SXE 20).
=SRM (WOVX.; PMX.: WR, SVMKMRI, M^ZSV") HIWIQRIE^ R LMRHYMWQ GEY^E
TVMQSVHMEP, QEXVMGIE, M^ZSVYP SVMGVIM HIZIRMVM. )WXI VITVI^IRXEX TVMRXV-YR
XVMYRKLM SVMIRXEX GY ZVJYP R NSW, WMQFSPYP QXVMGMM JIQMRMRI #M EP QMWXIVYPYM
GSWQMG. 7MRKYV WEY R EWSGME'MI GY 0MRK (WMQFSPYP TLEPMG EP PYM 7LMZE), =SRM
IWXI ZIRIVEX HI 7LEOXE (EHSVEXSVMM PYM 7LEOXM).
51. 2MGM YR TGEX RY-P TXIE^ TI GIP GI JEGI JETXI SFMIGXMZI; SVMGI
KVI#IEP IWXI RW TPXMX MQIHMEX HI JTXYMXSVYP GEVI E ENYRW PE GSRXVSPYP
TEVERSVQEP EP PYQMM JIRSQIREPI TVMR TVSTVME WE IPMQMREVI (HMWTEVI
TIVXYVFEVIE IGSPSKMG #M GSWQMG GEVI RWS'I#XI EGXYEPE VXGMVI RYQMX
IZSPY'MI I\XIVMSEV SVM XILRSPSKMG).
52. /ETMPE IWXI WJRXYP PIKIRHEV GEVI E GVIEX WMWXIQYP 3PSWS3G
7EROL]E. 0IKIRHE WTYRI G E HIGPER#EX S VIEG'MI HI XMT RYGPIEV, R
QSQIRXYP R GEVI W-E WYTVEX TI SEQIRMM RIVIGYRSWGXSVM (HMR SGLMYP PYM
7LMZE" E ETVYX YR WSEVI GI E XVERWJSVQEX XSXYP R GIRY#; HIEPYP PYM /ETMPE).
0YM /ETMPE M IWXI EXVMFYMX XI\XYP 8EXXZEWEQWE (")WIR'E %HIZVYPYM"),
GEVI RY GYTVMRHI HIGX 54 HI GYZMRXI. %GIEWX PYGVEVI RY RI PQYVI#XI
EWYTVE HIFYXYPYM 3PSWS3IM 7EROL]E EP GVYM XI\X, GIP QEM ZIGLM EXIWXEX,
7EROL]E-/VMOE, EP PYM -WLZEVEOVMWLRE, YVG PE S HEX R NYVYP ERYPYM 500 I.R.
53. 7MHHLE (WOVX.; PMX.: TIVJIGX, QTPMRMX") HIWIQRIE^ R LMRHYMWQ TI
SQYP WJRX MPYQMREX GI E EXMRW TIVJIG'MYRIE, #M GEVI E ENYRW PE WGSTYP WYTVIQ
EP IZSPY'MIM WTMVMXYEPI, PE IPMFIVEVI (1SOWLE). R 4YVRE, YR 7MHHLE IWXI YR
WIQM^IY HSXEX GY S MQIRW TYXIVI #M TYVMXEXI.
54. )WXI ZSVFE HI QSEVXIE QMWXMG GEVI IWXI WMQYPXER HIFYXYP GIPIM HI
E HSYE RE#XIVM; IE JEGMPMXIE^ VIEPM^EVIE GSRXEGXYPYM RIQMNPSGMX GY 9PXMQE
6IEPMXEXI (EMGM 7LMZE P HIWIQRIE^ TI &VELQER). 7QR'E, HI#M TEVI QSEVX,
IWXI QEM ETVSETI HI VIRE#XIVI HIGX S TPERX, GEVI ETEV'MRRH PYQMM ZMM (R
XVERWJSVQEVI), IWXI WYTYW HI^EKVIKVMM #M QSV'MM; XVIGIVIE R JE^E HI
WYWTIRHEVI E ZMI'MM IWXI EXX PE WQR' GX #M PE SQ, S VEQYVE GXVI S RSY
ZME', R VIEPMXEXIE JV WYGGIWMYRI #M HYEPMXEXI (EXIQTSVEP, WMRGVSRMG).
55. 1ERXVE-=SKE ZI^M 2SXE 43.
56. 0E]E-=SKE IWXI YRE HMRXVI GMPI YRMYRMM GY (YQRI^IY TVMR EHSVEVI #M
ZIRIVEVI TPMR HI GVIHMR', WMQYPXER GY YR MRXIRW ERXVIREQIRX HI XVI^MVI EP
PYM /YRHEPMR.
0E]E-7EQEHLM TVSZMRI HI PE PE]E": EWGIRWMYRI PE", #M HIWIQRIE^
JY^MYRIE GY GSR#XMMR'E YRMZIVWEP WYTVIQ R WXEVIE HI GSR#XMMR' RYQMX
8YV]E (R WOVX.; PMX.:E 4EXVE").
0E]E HIWIQRIE^ HMWSPY'ME, JY^MYRIE, HMWTEVM'ME #M EWGIRWMYRIE
WY4IXYPYM MRHMZMHYEP PE %FWSPYX, YRMYRIE GY (YQRI^IY.
57. ,EXLE-=SKE. 0E SVMKMRI EGIEWX GEPI =SKE RY IVE HIGX YR KVYT HI
XILRMGM TVIPYEXI HMR WMWXIQYP 6NE-=SKE I\TYW HI 4EXERNEPM R =SKE
7YXVEW. %GIEWXI XILRMGM TIVQMX WXMQYPEVIE GIRXVMPSV HI IRIVKMI TWMLMG
('LEOVE) TIRXVY E JEGI W TVSKVIWI^I /YRHEPMRM GXVI RMZIPIPI HI GSR#XMMR' XSX
QEM REPXI. 4VMRGMTEPIPI I\IVGM'MM ETEV'MRRH EGIWXIM GM WYRX:
%WERE #M 4VR]QE. 7GSTYP I\IVGM'MMPSV HI E GSRXVSPE 4Y\YP HI 4VERE R
ZIHIVIE VIYRMVMM WY4YPYM WSPEV (,E) ?GYRSWGYX WYF RYQIPI HI 4VEREA GY WY4YP
PYREV (8LE) ?GYRSWGYX #M WYF HIRYQMVIE HI %TERE60.1A, GIIE GI GSRJIV
TYXIVM WTMVMXYEPI ,EXLE-=SKMRYPYM #M TIVQMXI PYM /YRHEPMRM W RGIET W
EPMQIRXI^I HMJIVMXIPI 'LEOVEW.
R EJEV HI HMJIVMXI TS^M'MM 3^MGI (%WERI) R ,EXLE-=SKE WYRX YXMPM^EXI #M
HMJIVMXI I\IVGM'MM HI TYVM3GEVI (/VM]E).
8VIFYMI W RY GSRJYRHQ ,EXLE-=SKE XVEHM'MSREP, GEVI IVE S TEVXI
TVIPMQMREV E 6NE-=SKE GI EWTMVE PE IPMFIVEVI #M PE YRMYRI GY 9PXMQE
6IEPMXEXI ((YQRI^IY), GY ,EXLE-=SKE TVEGXMGEX R 3GGMHIRX, R ^MPIPI
RSEWXVI (EP GVIM SFMIGXMZ E HIZIRMX I\GPYWMZ WRXEXIE 3^MG).
58. %HLMQXVE HIWIQRIE^ R LMRHYMWQ 6IEPMXEXIE 7YTVIQ, HMRGSPS HI
SVMGI QWYV (GSQTEVE'MI, VETSVXEVI) #M HIWGVMIVI QIRXEP SVM ZIVFEP; EGIWXE
IWXI YR EPX XIVQIR TIRXVY E RYQM TI (YQRI^IY SVM %FWSPYXYP (ZI^M: &VELQER
2SXE 14).
59. 7LEVVE (WOVX.; PMX.: GSVT, RZIPM#") HIWIQRIE^ R LMRHYMWQ JSVQE
TIVMWEFMP. 8VIM RZIPM#YVM (ZILMGYPI; GSVTYVM) P QFVEG TI
%XQER: 1. 7XLYPE-7LEVVE (GSVTYP KVSWMIV; MHIRXMG GY %RREQE]E-/SWLE);
2. 7OWLQE-7LEVVE WEY 0MRKE-7LEVVE, GSVTYP WYFXMP, GSRWXMXYMX HMR
4VREQE]E-/SWLE, 1EREQE]E-/SWLE #M :MNgEREQE]E-/SWLE; 3. /VERE-
7LEVVE, RZIPM#YP GEY^EP, MHIRXMG GY %RERHEQE]E
/SWLE.
59.1. 6NE-=SKE (WOVX.; PMX.: =SKE VIKEP") IWXI YRE HMRXVI GIPI TEXVY GM
=SKE GEVI ZM^IE^ VIEPM^EVIE YRMYRMM GY (YQRI^IY, HYT WMWXIQYP HIWGVMW HI
4EXERNEPM R XVEXEXYP WY =SKE-7XVE.
8IVQIRYP 6NE-=SKE RY E JSWX RW GVIEX HIGX QYPX XMQT HYT 4EXERNEPM.
6NE-=SKE WI GSQTYRI HMR STX IXETI WYGGIWMZI: 1. =EQE (-RXIVHMG'MM,
TSVYRGM); 2. 2M]EQE (2SRMRXIVHMG'MM, TSVYRGM, VIKYPM); EGIWXI HSY IXETI (=EQE
#M 2M]EQE) GSR'MR ^IGI TSVYRGM, GEVI WYRX WMQYPXER VIKYPM #M I\IVGM'MM
TVIKXMXSEVI, EXX HI TYVM3GEVI WSQEXMG, TWMLMG #M QSVEP, GX #M QSHEPMX'M
HI VITVSKVEQEVI E GSQTSVXEQIRXYPYM, JE' HI WMRI #M JE' HI GIMPEP'M (MRGPYWMZ
RSVQI HI GSRHYMX WSGMEP IXMG #M QSVEP).
3. %WERE (4S^M'MM GSVTSVEPI); HIWIQRIE^ I\IVGM'MMPI HI ERXVIREQIRX
WSQEXMG, GI ZM^IE^ QIR'MRIVIE GSVTYPYM RXV-S TS^M'MI E#I^EX (WXEFMP,
RIGPMRXMX), GEVI W RY NIRI^I GSRGIRXVEVIE (GM GLMEV W-S EQTPM3GI).
4. 4VR]QE ('SRXVSPYP 4VERIM"); GYTVMRHI I\IVGM'MM VIWTMVEXSVMM GEVI
WYRX IWIR'MEPI HMR GEY^E MR4YIR'IM WY4YPYM EWYTVE KRHMVMM, GSQTSVXEQIRXYPYM
#M E GSVTYPYM WYFXMP (TVERMG WEY IRIVKIXMG).
)XETIPI 3 #M 4 EPI EGIWXYM WMWXIQ GSRWXMXYMI ,EXLE-=SKE.
5. 4VEX]LEVE ((IXE#EVIE WIR^SVMEP); HIWIQRIE^ WITEVEVIE WEY
VIXVEKIVIE WMQ'YVMPSV HI PE SFMIGXIPI PSV, TIRXVY E IZMXE SVMGI TIVXYVFEVI E
WTMVMXYPYM HI GXVI MR4YIR'IPI I\XIVRI.
6. (LVER ('SRGIRXVEVIE); GETEGMXEXIE HI E QIR'MRI KRHMVIE 3\EX
TI YR SFMIGX (I\XIVR, MRXIVR, SFMIGXMZ, WYFMIGXMZ), JV GE IE W WI HMWTIVWI^I
#M RMGM W WGETI GSRXVSPYPYM (GEVI ZM^IE^ JSGEPM^EVIE).
7. (L]RE (1IHMXE'ME); GETEGMXEXIE HI E I\XMRHI JSGEPM^EVIE; ENYRW PE
EGIWX RMZIP, KRHMVIE RY QEM XVIFYMI W TVSMIGXI^I TVSTVMMPI WEPI MHIM EWYTVE
SFMIGXYPYM QIHMXE'MIM, GM W WI YRM3GI XSXEP GY IP (QIHMXE'ME IWXI S GYVKIVI
RITIVXYVFEX E GSRGIRXVVMM GEVI WI HIPSGEPM^IE^, HIZIRMRH LSPSKVE3G
ZIHI R 3IGEVI TEVXI SFMIGXYP GSRGIRXVVMM).
8. 7EQHLM ()RWXE^; 'SRXIQTPE'ME); HIWIQRIE^ WXEVIE HI GSR#XMMR'
WYTIVMSEV, R GEVI HMWTEVI HYEPMXEXIE WYFMIGX-SFMIGX (MRXIVR-I\XIVR) #M R GEVI
EVI PSG EFWSV'ME (MHIRXM3GEVIE) MRZYPRIVEFMP R 9PXMQE
6IEPMXEXI (PYQIE JIRSQIREP IWXI XVEWQYXEX; IWXI Z^YX E#E GYQ
IWXI IE).
60. %RLEXE-7LEFHE (WOVX.; PMX.: WYRIXI JV SVMKMRI"; WYRIXIPI MRMQMM)
HIWIQRIE^ R LMRHYMWQ WYRIXIPI QMWXMGI, HIRYQMXI EHIWIE #M QY^MGE
WJIVIPSV", GEVI TSX 3 TIVGITYXI R GYVWYP QIHMXE'MIM, HI PE YR ERYQMX RMZIP HI
IZSPY'MI WTMVMXYEP. 9RISVM WMPEFE 31 IWXI GSRWMHIVEX WYRIX
QMWXMG" (%RLEXE-7LEFHE).
4IRXVY 2EHE ZI^M 2SXE 45.
60.1. :]Y (WOVX.; PMX.: EIV, ZRX") P HIWIQRIE^ #M TI ^IYP :RXYVMPSV,
GEVI R :IHEW ETEVI R EGIPE#M GEV GY -RHVE, HEV -RHVE 'MRI JVMIPI.
8VIM HMZMRMX'M ZIHMGI RXVI'MR RXVI IPI VIPE'MM TVMZMPIKMEXI: %KRM (JSGYP) EP
GVYM PSG IWXI TI TQRX; :]Y (ZRXYP) EP GVYM PSG IWXI R EIV; #M 7YV]E
(WSEVIPI) EP GVYM PSG IWXI R GIV. :E]Y W-E RWGYX HMR WY4YP 4YVYWLE #M QEM
TSEVX #M EPXI HIRYQMVM GYQ WYRX: HI TYVXXSV EP TEVJYQYVMPSV", GIP GEVI IWXI
R TIVTIXYE QM#GEVI."
4VERE (WOVX.; PMX.: VIWTMVE'MI, WY4Y ZMXEP") HIWIQRIE^ IRIVKME GSWQMG,
GEVI TIRIXVIE^, GSRWIVZ #M ERMQ GSVTYP SQYPYM #M EP GIPSVPEPXI ZMI'YMXSEVI;
EGIEWX IRIVKMI WI QERMJIWX GIP QEM GPEV WYF JSVQE WY4YPYM. R LMRHYMWQ WI
HMWXMRK GMRGM GEXIKSVM HI 4VERE: 1. 4VERE, IWIR'E WY4YPYM, JSV'E ZMXEP TYV R
WMRI; HIRYQMVI KIRIVMG EXVMFYMX XYXYVSV GIPSVPEPXI JSVQI HI IRIVKMI ZMXEP; 2.
:]RE IWXI IRIVKME ZMXEP (4VERE) GEVI ZIKLIE^ EWYTVE GMVGYPE'MIM WERKYMRI;
3. 7EQEVE IWXI 4VERE GEVI WYTVEZIKLIE^ TVSGIWIPI HI EFWSVF'MI #M EWMQMPEVI
E LVERIM #M QIR'MRIVIE IGLMPMFVYPYM GSVTYPYM GSRXVSPRH VIEG'MMPI QIXEFSPMGI
PIKEXI HI EPMQIRXE'MI; 4. %TRE IWXI 4VERE GEVI EWMKYV IPMQMREVIE XYXYVSV
QEXIVMMPSV Y^EXI #M GSRXVSPIE^ ^SRE HI I\GVI'MI #M HI VITVSHYGIVI WMXYEX R
TEVXIE MRJIVMSEV E GSVTYPYM; 5. 9HRE IWXI 4VERE GEVI EG'MSRIE^ EWYTVE
TV'MM WYTIVMSEVI E SVKERMWQYPYM #M JEGMPMXIE^ HI^ZSPXEVIE WTMVMXYEP,
EWMKYVRH GSRI\MYRIE HMRXVI PEXYVE 3^MG #M GIE WTMVMXYEP E 3MR'IM RSEWXVI.
61. =SRM ZI^M 2SXE 50.
62. &NE (R WOVX.; PMX.: IRIVKMI, WQR', KIVQIR, JSV' GSR'MRYX R
VHGMRM") HIWIQRIE^ IRIVKME EWGYRW R WTEXIPI SVMGVIM QERMJIWXVM
QEXIVMEPI, #M R TEVXMGYPEV R &NE-1ERXVE (GYZRXYP WQR'") ?S QERXV
EHETXEX, HISWIFMX HI I3GMIRX, TI GEVI QEIWXVYP S H HMWGMTSPYPYM TIRXVY E
JEGMPMXE IZSPY'ME WTMVMXYEP E EGIWXYMEA. )WIR'E YRYM ERYQMX EWTIGX EP 6IEPMX'MM
7YTVIQI WI E4 GSRGIRXVEX R PMXIVIPI &NE-1ERXVE WYF JSVQE YRYM WMQFSP
WSRSV. %GIWXI WYRIXI WMQFSPMGI, GEVI-#M EY M^ZSVYP R I\TIVMIR'E WTMVMXYEP E
YRYM WJRX, TSWIH JSV'I QMWXMGI #M HMZMRI, GEVI WYRX TIVGITYXI HI YR ZIVMXEFMP
QEIWXVY WTMVMXYEP, HMWTYW W PI TVMQIEWG. R QSQIRXYP MRM'MIVMM 3IGEVI HMWGMTSP
TVMQI#XI HI PE QEIWXVYP WY WTMVMXYEP S EWXJIP HI 1ERXVE.
63. 7ZE]EQFL (WOVX.; PMX.: GI I\MWX TVMR WMRI RWY#M; EYXSRWGYX")
GEVEGXIVM^IE^ EXX PYGVYVMPI HMR PYQIE JIRSQIREP GEVI I\MWX TVMR IPI RWIPI
(TVMR JSV'E MHIMM EWGYRW R TVSJYR^MQIE PSV) GX #M *MMR'E MQYEFMP GEVI I\MWX
TVMR IE RW#M, GEY^E TVMQSVHMEP #M MRI\TPMGEFMP HMR GEVI W-E RWGYX &VELQ
(R PIKIRHE GVIE'MIM E PYM 1ERY IWXI TVI^IRXEX 7ZE]EQFL HVITX 3MR'E GI
I\MWX TVMR IE RW#M).
64. %HLEV-4EHQE (PSXYWYP VIGMTMIRX; PSXYWYP HI FE^) GSQTYW HMR GMRGM
RZIPM#YVM (/SWLE), GEVI RZPYMI GSR#XMMR'E EFWSPYX E SQYPYM (%XQER).
65. )RIVKME #M MRJSVQE'ME HMR WQR' EXYRGM GRH IWXI VMWMTMX R
I\XIVMSV, TI GEPIE GIRXVMJYK, GSRHYGI PE QYPXMTPMGMXEXI, HIKVEHEVI,
QFXVRMVI #M QSEVXI; =SKMRYP TEVGYVKI GEPIE GIRXVMTIX R GEVI IWIR'E
IRIVKIXMG #M MRJSVQE'MSREP HMR WQR' IWXI VI'MRYX, XVERWQYXEX #M
YXMPM^EX TIRXVY EQTPM3GEVIE ZMI'MM, TYXIVMM #M ETXMXYHMRMPSV YXMPI WYW'MRIVMM
IJSVXYPYM R ZIHIVIE GSRXMRYVMM IZSPY'MIM WTMVMXYEPI.
66. :I^M 2SXE 44.
67. 'SRXVSPYP HMREQMG WTE'MS-XIQTSVEP IWXI HEXSVEX VSXE'MIM TPERYPYM
I\MWXIR'MEP, GEVI TVMZMX HMR PEXIVEP #M TMIVHI WYTVEJE'E HIZIRMRH IRIVKMI TYV
(JV HMQIRWMYRM; R EJEVE XMQTYPYM; IP TEVI G WI HITPEWIE^ GY ZMXI^E PYQMRMM,
GRH HI JETX IWXI TVIXYXMRHIRM).
7LMZE-7EQLMXE #M EPXI XI\XI WEGVI LMRHYWI #M GLMRI^I GYRSWG EXX
GSRXVSPYP HMREQMRG GX #M GSRXVSPYP WXEXMG EP WTE'MYPYM #M XMQTYPYM, TVMR
HIXE#EVIE HI WMWXIQYP HI TMPSXEVI (#M HI VIJIVMR') PSGEP, GY ENYXSVYP TVSXIG'MIM
IXIVMGI (GEVI EWMKYV EXX WGYXYP HIJIRWMZ, GSVTYP HI HMEQERX, PIZMXE'ME,
MRZM^MFMPMXEXIE GX #M XVERWPSGE'ME).
68. 8YV]E ZI^M 2SXE 40.
69. 0E RYQIVSEWI ZMI'YMXSEVI XIVIWXVI IWXI ZIVM3GEX I\TIVMQIRXEP
E3VQE'ME HMR 7LMZE-7EQLMXE TVMZMXSV GVIME TSPYP SXVZYVMPSV, GEVI H QSEVXIE,
IWXI EWSGMEX GY TSPYP GEVI WYW'MRI #M ZME'E, TVMR VITVSHYGIVI WI\YEP (PE QYPXI
WTIGMM, TVMRXVI GEVI #M PE MRWIGXI, WGSVTMSRM #M TMWMGMPI HI QEVI, SXVEZE IWXI
IPMFIVEX R QSH GSRWXERX HI YR EG WMXYEX PE GSEH). 'IVGIXVMPI #XMMR'M3GI
IJIGXYEXI EWYTVE WSQSRMPSV, GEVI, HYT GYQ WI #XMI, QFXVRIWG VETMH #M QSV
HYT VITVSHYGIVI, HEG RY ENYRK PE XMQT R ETE WVEX E SGIERYPYM, EY
IZMHIR'MEX JETXYP G EGIWX TSP IWXI VIWTSRWEFMP HI WIGVIXEVIE YRSV LSVQSRM EM
QSV'MM", GEVI EGGIPIVIE^ TVSGIWYP HI QFXVRMVI (EGIWX GIRXVY IWXI
GSQERHEX HI LMTS3^, GEVI WI E4 PE SQ R PIKXYV GY GIRXVYP HMRXVI
WTVRGIRI, MEV PE VITXMPI #M PE SGXSTSHI GY GIP HI-EP XVIMPIE SGLM").
3TS^M'ME HMRXVI TSPYP WYTIVMSV (MRXIPIGXYEP, GIVIFVEP, MRHMZMHYEP, GEVI
I\TVMQ #M EWMKYV YRMXEXIE #M GSSVHSREVIE SVKERMWQYPYM ZMY) #M TSPYP MRJIVMSV
(TSPYP EGYQYPVMM VI^MHYYVMPSV QIXEFSPMGI #M EP I\GVI'MIM; TSPYP MRWXMRGXYEP EP
TPGIVMM #M EP VITVSHYGIVMM WI\YEPI, TVMR GEVI GSRXMRY GHIVIE R QYPXMTPMGMXEXI)
IWXI I\TVMQEX EXX PE RMZIPYP MRWXMRGXIPSV HI WYTVEZMI'YMVI EPI MRHMZMHYPYM #M
EPI WTIGMIM GX #M PE RMZIPYP GSQTSVXEQIRXYPYM MRHMZMHYEP #M WSGMEP.
7XVEXIKME =SKE XVERWJSVQ R GSSTIVEVI WMRIVKMG EYXSKIRIVEXMZ
EGXYEPYP ERXEKSRMWQ HMWXVYGXMZ (GEVI GSRHYGI PE ITYM^EVI, QFXVRMVI #M
QSEVXI, HMR GEY^E GYXVMM R I\XIVMSV E TPGIVMPSV WIR^YEPI #M HEXSVMX VMWMTMVMM
JSV'IM KIRI^MGI); JETXE #M KRHMVIE MRHMZMHYPYM, ERGSVEX R 9PXMQE
6IEPMXEXI, HIZMR SFMIGXMZI, RIYXVI #M WIVZIWG WTIGME; HI I\IQTPY: TVMR
MYFMVI RGIXIE^ TSPEVM^EVIE WYFMIGXMZ #M GSQTIXM'ME MEV IRIVKME GMVGYP PMFIV
RXVI GIM HSM TSPM E GVSV HYEPMXEXI HMWTEVI, GE #M GYQ W-EV TIXVIGI S VIKVIWMI R
TVMQE GSTMPVMI. )WXI EWXJIP RIYXVEPM^EX SXVEZE #M VEHMSEGXMZMXEXIE TSPYPYM
WI\YEP, GEVI, 3MRH #M ^SRE HI EXE#EVI E MRHMZMHYPYM (JVYR^IM) PE QEVIPI EVFSVI EP
3MR'IM WSGMEPI (TVI^IRX #M ZMMXSEVI), RXVI'MRI GSR4MGXI MRXIVMSEVI #M I\XIVMSEVI;
S HEX GY MRXIKVEVIE #M TEGM3GEVIE GIPSV HSM TSPM EM 3MR'IM, /YRHEPMRM 7LEXOM WI
XVI^I#XI REXYVEP #M EGXMZIE^ %NR-'LEOVE, HMWTVRH WMQYPXER EXX WXEVIE HI
GSQTIXM'MI, GX #M GYXEVIE ERMLMPVMM STSRIRXYPYM I\XIVMSV SVM MRXIVMSV (GIEWYP
FMSPSKMG #M TVSKVEQEVIE QSV'MM, GEVI WI E4 R HMVIGX PIKXYV GY SGLMYP PYM
7LMZE", WYRX QSHM3GEXI HI GIP GI SF'MRI EGXMZEVIE #M XVI^MVIE EGIWXYM GIRXVY).
70. 2QE-VTE (WOVX.; PMX.: RYQI-JSVQI") IWXI R LMRHYMWQ XIVQIRYP
GEVI HIWIQRIE^ 1], PYQIE JIRSQIREP, R GEVI XSEXI PYGVYVMPI TSWIH YR
RYQI #M S JSVQ. R FYHHLMWQ EGIWX XIVQIR WIQRM3G TIVWSREPMXEXIE XIVIWXV
R GSQTSRIRXIPI WEPI IWIR'MEPI, 3^MGI #M TWMLMGI.
%GIWX XIVQIR GSQTYW, HIWIQRIE^ HI EWIQIRIE YRISVM GIPI GMRGM
7OERHLE: 6TE (JSVQE), GSVIWTYRHI TVMQYPYM 7OERHLE, R XMQT GI 2QE
(RYQIPI), PI IZSG TI GIPIPEPXI TEXVY. 2QEVTE GSRWXMXYMI #M GIP HI-EP
TEXVYPIE XIVQIR EP 0ER'YPYM HI TVSHYG'MI GSRHM'MSREX" (4VEXX]E-
7EQYXTHE).
)P IWXI VI^YPXEXYP VIRXSEVGIVMM GSR#XMR'IM (:MNgRE) PE SVMKMRIE WE, #M
HIGPER#IE^ ETEVM'ME YRIM RSM IRXMX'M MRHMZMHYEPI.
71. =EOWLE HIWIQRIE^ YR KVYT HI GVIEXYVM WYTVEREXYVEPI, WIVZMXSVM EM
PYM /YFIVE, ^IYP FSK'MIM. )PI RY TSWIH GEPMX'M TEVXMGYPEVI #M WYRX TY'MR
EKVIWMZI, HI YRHI #M RYQIPI HI 4YR]NERE ('VIEXYVM &YRI").
6OWLEWE HIWIQRIE^ WTMVMXI QEM QYPX WEY QEM TY'MR QEPI3GI. 7YRX
GYRSWGYXI XVIM GEXIKSVM HI 6OWLEWE: 1. 7TMVMXI MRSJIRWMZI GE =EOWLE, GEVI R
FYHHLMWQ WYRX GSRWMHIVEXI GVIEXYVM HIQSRMGI, GI FRXYMIWG PSGYVMPI M^SPEXI
(TYWXMYVMPI) #M TIVXYVF GY KPKME TVSZSGEX HI ZILMGYPIPI PSV QIHMXE'ME
TYWXRMGMPSV; 2. 8MXERMM WEY HY#QERMM ^IMPSV; 3. (IQSRMM WEY HMEZSPMM GEVI PSGYMIWG
R ^SRE GMQMXMVIPSV #M GLMRYMIWG SEQIRMM.
72. 3QYP ERGSVEX R 9PXMQE 6IEPMXEXI IWXI YRMX GY
(YQRI^IY #M RY TSEXI JEGI PYGVYVM TGXSEWI TIRXVY G HIWGSTIVMRHY
WI TI 7MRI R 3IGEVI HMRXVI GVIEXYVM #M 3MR'IPI YQERI, PI MYFI#XI GY EHIZVEX;
GLMEV HEG GIMPEP'M HMR MKRSVER' GSRWMHIV JETXIPI WEPI HVITX TGEXI, IP IWXI
HIXE#EX GSQTPIX HI JVYGXIPI EG'MYRMPSV WEPI, GIIE GI-P JEGI W VQR
MQTIVXYVFEFMP, MQTEV'MEP #M RITXEX (RIEJIGXEX HI WYGGIW WEY IJIGX).
73. -RXVSHYGIVIE HIKIXYPYM QEVI R KYV WGYVXGMVGYMXIE^ QEVIPI GMVGYMX
YRMZIVWEP (GSWQMG), GEVI IWXI RPSGYMX HI YR GMVGYMX XIPYVMG (R EGYTYRGXYVE
XVEHM'MSREP GLMRI^ RMZIPYP 7-74 ETEV'MRI TQRXYPYM #M HIKIXYPYM QEVI).
74. &EVHS 8SHSP YXMPM^IE^ SGE^ME QSV'MM TIRXVY SF'MRIVIE IPMFIVVMM (ZI^M
2SXE 42).
75. /EMPWE (WOVX.; PMX.: QYRXIPI HI EVKMRX") HIWIQRIE^ QYRXIPI QMXMG
HMR ,MQEPEME, PSG GEVI WI TVIWYTYRI E 3 TEVEHMWYP PYM 7LMZE.
%GIWX QYRXI VITVI^MRX TIRXVY LMRHY#M GIP QEM WEGVY HMRXVI QYR'M #M
GSRWXMXYMI SFMIGXYP E RYQIVSEWI TIPIVMRENI; R FYHHLMWQ IWXI HI EWIQIRIE
ZIRIVEX /EMPWE, GE QYRXI WEGVY.
76. 'LMXXE-:VMXXM (WOVX.; PMX.: WXVM QIRXEPI SVM TWMLS-EJIGXMZI")
HIWIQRIE^ R LMRHYMWQ ZMFVE'MMPI TWMLMGI, KRHYVMPI SVM 4YGXYE'MMPI TWMLS-
EJIGXMZI. R WIRW PEVK, EGIWX XIVQIR WI VIJIV PE WXEVIE SVM HMWTS^M'ME QEXIVMIM
QIRXEPI (GLMXXE), GEVI WI QERMJIWX WYF JSVQE HMJIVMXIPSV 4YGXYE'MM (ZEPYVM,
GMGPYVM) WEY ZVXINYVM (ZVMXXM) EPI QMR'MM ('LMXXE): EQMRXMVM, HSVMR'I, MRWXMRGXI SVM
WIRXMQIRXI.
(I3RM'ME 6NE-=SKE IWXI HEX HI 4EXERNEPM R =SKE-7XVEW R EJSVMWQYP (-,
2): =SKE IWXI IJSVXYP HI WYTVMQEVI E 4YGXYE'MMPSV QERXEPI".
?R: 8VEXEXYP TVEGXMG HI 6NE-=SKE, ZSP. --- (%JSVMWQIPI HIWTVI =SKE EPI PYM
4EXERNEPM), R XVEHYGIVIE #M GSQIRXEVMYP PYM (LMVIRHVE &VELQEGLEV] #M (ER
1MVELSVMER, GMXMXSVMM ZSV HIWGSTIVM #M GIPI TEXVY^IGM #M GMRGM HI ZEVMERXI
I\MWXIRXI EPI =SKE-7XVEW, RWS'MXI HI GSQIRXEVMMPI ERXMGI #M QSHIVRI.A 77.
&VELQRHE ZI^M 2SXE 12.
78. :IHERXE IWXI YR GYZRX GSQTYW HMR :IHE (R WOVX.; PMX.: ZIHIVI;
GYRSE#XIVI; HSGXVMR WEGV") #M ERXE (R WOVX.; PMX.: WJV#MX"), HI EMGM HIRYQMVIE:
7JV#MXYP :IHEW", EGSVH EGIWXYM WMWXIQ 3PSWS3G, GEVI IWXI GIP QEM MRXMQ PIKEX
HI VIPMKME LMRHYW.
:IHERXE GYTVMRHI GSRWMHIVE'MMPI 3REPI, GSR'MRYXI MRM'MEP R 9TERMWLEHI,
VI4IG'MM #M VIZIPE'MM VIPEXMZI PE &VELQER, PE %XQER #M PE VETSVXYVMPI HMRXVI YRYP
#M GIPPEPX; XSEXI EGIWXI GSRWMHIVE'MM #M VI4IG'MM EY JSWX VIKVYTEXI HI
&HEV]ERE R PYGVEVIE WE :IHERXE-7XVE, FE^E 3PSWS3IM :IHERXE (9XXEVE-
1MQQW).
:IHERXE E HEX RE#XIVI PE XVIM GYVIRXI TVMRGMTEPI: 1. %HZEMXE-:IHERXE
(RSR-HYEPMWX WEY QSRMWX), EM GVIM TVMRGMTEPM QEI#XVMM EY JSWX +EYHETHE,
7LEYOEVE, 4EHQETHE, 7YVIWLZEVE #M :MH]VER]E.
2. :MWLMWLXHZEMXE-:IHERXE (RSR-HYEPMWQ WEY QSRMWQ HMJIVIR'MEX), EP
GVIM TVMRGMTEP WYW'MRXSV E JSWX 6QRYNE.
3. (ZEMXE-:IHERXE (:IHERXE HYEPMWX), EP GVIM TVMRGMTEP VITVI^IRXERX
IWXI 1EHLZE.
79. 1MRXIE EYXSWYW'MRYX HIWIQRIE^ I\TIVMIR'E 'IRXVYPYM HI
'SR#XMMR'
1SFMP ('. '. 1.), GI EVI PSG R GYVWYP HIXE#VMM HI GSVT, GYRSWGYX #M WYF
RYQIPI HI GPXSVMI EWXVEP.
80. 6IKYPMPI EPMQIRXEVI R TVEGXMGE =SKE WYRX EFSVHEXI R GEVIXIE
4VMRGMTMMPI EPMQIRXE'MIM, JEZSVEFMPI IZSPY'MIM WTMVMXYEPI #M ZMRHIGVMM XYPFYVVMPSV
TWMLS-EJIGXMZI #M WSQEXMGI, R =SKE, XESMWQ, >IR #M GVI#XMRMWQ" HI (ER
1MVELSVMER.
4IRXVY IZSPY'ME WTMVMXYEP XVIFYMI TVIJIVEX EPMQIRXE'ME ZIKIXEVMER
WEXXZMG, WMQTP, REXYVEP, RITVIPYGVEX XIVQMG, VEHMSEGXMZ WEY GLMQMG (JV
EHMXMZM WMRXIXMGM HI GYPSEVI, KYWX SVM GSRWIVZEVI), R GERXMXEXI QSHIVEX,
RIGSRXEQMREX #M RGVGEX GY 4VERE (IRIVKMI ZMXEP; ZMI; GY QMRMQYQ HI
ZIVMKM MRXIVQIHMEVI RXVI SQ #M WSEVI).
81. 1YOXM (ZI^M 1SOWLE: 2SXE 41 #M .MZER 1YOXE: 2SXE 48).
82. .ETE, 1ERXVE ZI^M 2SXE 43.
83. 1ERXVE 31 ! %91 ZI^M 2SXE 43.
84. 8VMQVXM (&VELQE, :MWLRY, 7LMZE) ZI^M RSXE WYFWSP HMR 'YZRXYP
MRXVSHYGXMZ".
85. 'E #M TIRXVY XESM#XM RY IWXI KVIY W MI#M R JE' (W XI IZMHIR'MI^M; W
XI I\TYM), GM W RY PE#M YVQI #M W XI EWGYR^M; GMZMPM^E'MMPI KEPEGXMGI
WYTVEIZSPYEXI EY KWMX GYQ W WI EWGYRH, EWXJIP RGX GY KVIY W TSEX 3
KWMXI R GIPI XVIM PYQM".
86. 1EL ZMH]E HIWIQRIE^: 1. 'YRSE#XIVIE PYM &VELQER #M -PYQMREVIE
7YTVIQ; 2. 'IPI ^IGI HMZMRMX'M GEVI XVIFYMI MQTPSVEXI TIRXVY E ENYRKI
PE GYRSE#XIVIE PYM &VELQER. %GIWXIE WYRX /PM, 8EVE, 7LSHEWLM,
&LYZERIWLZEV, &LEMVEZ, 'LMRREQEWX, (LQEZEXM, :EKEPE, 1XERK #M
/EQEP. %GIWXI HMZMRMX'M WYRX TIVWSRS3GVM EPI 7LEXOM PYM &VELQER #M
JEGMPMXIE^ GIPYM GEVI PI MQTPSV, EGGIWYP PE GYRSE#XIVIE PYM &VELQER #M PE
-PYQMREVIE 7YTVIQ.
87. (I#M RY IWXI EXE#EX HI HEXSVMMPI WSGMEPI (JEQMPMEPI, GEWRMGI) #M
VQRI QEVXSV, GIP GI ZVIE W IZSPYI^I WTMVMXYEP TSEXI YXMPM^E 3IGEVI SGE^MI #M
EGXMZMXEXI TIRXVY E WI GSRGIRXVE TIVJIGX; HMR 3IGEVI EG'MYRI RHITPMRMX GY
WYGGIW, R WXEVI HI HIXE#EVI HI VI^YPXEX, ETEVI SGE^ME HI E TVEGXMGE =SKE;
TVEGXMGE =SKE, HI 3IGEVI GPMT, MEV RY RYQEM GY SGE^ME YRSV I\IVGM'MM,
VITVI^MRX S GEPI HI E VIEPM^E VYKGMYRIE TIVQERIRX, R ZIHIVIE YRMYRMM
SQYPYM VIPMKMSW WEY PEMG GY (YQRI^IY.
-2()< () 291)*
*%GI#XM XIVQIRM ETEV R RSXIPI HI PE WYFWSPYP TEKMRMPSV, R HMG'MSREVYP HI
XIVQIRM #M R XI\XYP TVMRGMTEP 7LMZE-7EQLMXE
7ERWOVMX %PTLEFIX
6SQER (MEGVMXMGW ?/MYLN##LA.
% & ' ( ) * + , - . / 0 1 2 3 4 6 8 9 : < = >
%
%FL]WE TVEGXMG; EGXMZMXEXI VITIXEX; I\IVGM'MY HI HMWGMTPMREVI WTMVMXYEP
%HLVE VIGMTMIRX
%HLMQXVE MRHIWGVMTXMFMP, HI RIGSRGITYX, 7YTVIQ, (YQRI^IY WEY
%FWSPYXYP, &VELQER %HZEMXE RSR-HYEPMWQ
%HZEMXE-:IHERXE :IHERXE RSR-HYEPMWX; VITVI^IRXEX HI 7LEROEVE;
MHIRXMXEXIE PYQMM WIRWMFMPI GY PYQIE %FWSPYX; E WY4IXYPYM GY (YQRI^IY
%KRM JSGYP; SFMIGX HI ZIRIVE'MI PE LMRHY#M
%LEQ &VELQER %WQM )Y WYRX &VELQER ?%FWSPYXYPA ", E3VQE'MI HMR
:IHERXE GI TVSGPEQ MHIRXMXEXIE %FWSPYXYPYM ?&VELQERA GY 7MRIPI ZIVMXEFMP
GEVI GPXSVI#XI R 3IGEVI 3MR' YQER; %LEOVE IKS, GIRXVEVIE R JEPWYP
WMRI; QSXSVYP KRHYPYM, GIIE GI GVIE^ MPY^ME HMJIVIR'MIVMM PYGVYVMPSV #M E
QYPXMTPMGMX'MM PYQMM
%LMQW RSR-ZMSPIR'; YRE HMR GIPI GMRGM HMWGMTPMRI (TSVYRGM) EPI TVMQIM
IXETI (=EQE) HMR 6NE-=SKE (GIPI ^IGI TSVYRGM ETEV'MR =EQE #M 2M]EQE)
%NETE-1ERXVE VITIXEVI ZSPYRXEV SVM MRZSPYRXEV E YRIM 1ERXVE WEY E
YRIM JSVQYPI WEGVI; HYT XI\XIPI ,EXLE-=SKE ^KSQSXYP EPXIVREXMZ EP VIWTMVE'MIM
(MRWTMVE'MI, I\TMVE'MI) EP YRIM 3MR'I ZMM VITVI^MRX S VYKGMYRI MRGSR#XMIRX, EP
GVIM XI\X IWXI 3I 73',%1": )P IWXI 7MRIPI", 3I ,%17%: )Y WYRX %GIPE"
%NR-'LEOVE EP XVIMPIE SGLM; WIHMYP GSR#XMMR'IM; GIRXVY EWXVEP (WYFXMP)
WMXYEX RXVI WTVRGIRI %NRE ZI^M: %ZMH]E
%OQE JV HSVMR', HMWTEVM'ME )KS-YPYM
%OWLE IXIV
%QSKLEWMHHLM GIP GI #M-E VIEPM^EX 'IPYP JV W WI XYPFYVI"; GE 1/HV
VITVI^MRX EFWIR'E JVMGMM %QVMXE EQFVS^MI, RIGXEV HMZMR; RIQYVMVI; WSQE
%RLEXE-'LEOVE GLEOVE MRMQMM, GEVI HSQMR IPIQIRXYP EIV, EVQSRME
%RLEXE-7LEFHE WYRIX QMWXMG, QY^MGE WJIVIPSV
%RERHE FIEXMXYHMRI, JIVMGMVI WYTVIQ
%RERHEQE]E-/SWLE ZILMGYPYP FIEXMXYHMRMM WEY RZIPM#YP GEY^EP
%RXQER 2SR-7MRI; MQTIVWSREPMXEXI, XISVMI GIRXVEP E FYHHLMWQYPYM
GEVI RIEK I\MWXIR'E, R MRXIVMSVYP 3MR'IPSV E YRYM 7MRI (%XQER), GE WYFWXER'
RITIVMWEFMP, RIQYVMXSEVI, YRMG #M MRHITIRHIRX
%RKE QIQFVI; TEVXI; VEQYVM; IVSREX XVEHYW HVITX nIXETI~ R 6NE-=SKE
%RMX]E MQTIVQERIR'; VIEPMXEXIE JIRSQIREP, VIPEXMZYP
%RREQE]E-/SWLE RZIPM#YP RYXVMXMZ, GSVTYP 3^MG
%RXELOEVERE SVKERYP MRXIVR
%RXEVE-/YQFLEOE VI'MRIVI WY4Y HYT MRWTMVE'MI
%RXEVERKE-7EHLERE PMX.: I\IVGM'MM WTMVMXYEPI MRXIVMSEVI" (YPXMQMPI XVIM
IXETI HMR 6NE-=SKE IXETIPI MRXIVMSEVI: (LVERE, (L]RE #M 7EQEHLM, GEVI
QTVIYR EPGXYMIWG 7EQ]EQE) %RXEVXQER 7MRIPI MRXIVMSV, WGRXIME HMZMR
HMR 3IGEVI SQ
%TERE ZI^M 4VERE
%TEVE-:MH] GYRSE#XIVIE PMQMXEX, VIPEXMZ, MRHMVIGX, SVM^SRXEP,
WIR^SVMEP, STYW GYRSE#XIVMM IWIR'MEPI, WYTVIQI MQIHMEXI #M EFWSPYXI E PYM
&VELQER: 4EVE-:MH]
%TEVMKVELE PMTWE PGSQMIM (TSVYRG R IXETE 2M]EQE HMR 6NE-=SKE)
%T]E GSRHM'MI VIE HI VIRE#XIVI (ZI^M: +XM)
%VEQFLE-%ZEWXLE WXEVIE HITIRHIRX GEY^EP; GSRHM'MSREX; ZYPRIVEFMP
%VKL]E WEGVM3GMY, SJVERH
%VLEX WJRX GI E EXMRW GIP QEM REPX RMZIP TI 'EPIE WYTVEREXYVEP (%V]E-
1VKE) HMR ,RE]RE, HI YRHI RY QEM RZI'M RMQMG EPXGIZE; IVSY; MHIEPYP
FYHHMWLQYPYM TVMQMXMZ
%VXLE PYGVY, FSK'MI, TSWIWMI
%WERE E#I^EVI; TS^M'MI E GSVTYPYM; TS^M'MM GSVTSVEPI GLIMI, GEVI
JEGMPMXIE^ MRXVEVIE R XVERWE QMWXMG; E WI E#I^E 3^MG, TWMLMG #M EJIGXMZ; PSG TI
GEVI WI E#IE^ YR SQ R GYXEVIE VIEPM^VMM WTMVMXYEPI; %WEX RSR-3MR'; RSR-
I\MWXIR'; XIQIPME PYQMM QEXIVMEPI
%WLVEQE E HSYE VEQYVE R ZME'E LMRHY#MPSV; PSG HI QIHMXE'MI
%WLXRKE-=SKE =SKE GY STX VEQYVM
%WVEZE TEX, QYVHVMI, WIGVI'MM
%WXI]E VIWTIGXYP GYV'IRMIM #M EP TYVMX'MM; YRE HMR GIPI GMRGM HMWGMTPMRI
(TSVYRGM), GI ETEV'MRI TVMQIM IXETI (=EQE) HMR 6NE-=SKE
%WYVE ^IM; HIQSRM; JSV'I SFWGYVI; )&) ?)RXMX'M &MSPSKMGI )\XVEXIVIWXVIA
TSTYPEVM^EXI R PMXIVEXYVE 9*3HVITX 3MR'IPI KVM ?KVI]WA
%XLEVZEZIHE E TEXVE :IHE GSRWEGVEX GYRSE#XIVMM JSVQYPIPSV QEKMGI"
%XM-=SKE ZI^M: (^SKGLIR; =SKE I\XVESVHMREV
%XQER 7MRI; WY4IX; 7MRIPI ZIVMXEFMP #M RIQYVMXSV EP SQYPYM; WTIGXEXSVYP
MQTEV'MEP EP .ZE; )YP WYTVIQ %XQEWEQEVTERE EFERHSR XSXEP, WYTYRIVI
GSQTPIX E WMRIPYM PYM (YQRI^IY %91 ZI^M: 31
%ZEHRE QMVEGSP; KIR PMXIVEV FYHHLMWX GSQTYW HMR PIKIRHI
%ZEVERE EGSTIVMVI, IGVEREVI HI GXVI %ZMH] #M 1] E %HIZVEXIM
6IEPMX'M (&VELQER; (YQRI^IY) %ZEWXL WXEVI WEY RMZIP HI GSR#XMMR'
%ZEXVE GSFSVVI", MRGEVREVI E GSR#XMMR'IM HMZMRI TI TQRX";
QIWEKIV EP PYM (YQRI^IY %ZIWLE WMHHLM TYXIVIE HI E MRXVE R EPXI GSVTYVM, GI
XVIGI WYF GSRXVSPYP ]SKMRYPYM EZERWEX %ZMH] RIGYRSE#XIVI (MRHMZMHYEP #M
GSWQMG); MKRSVER'; -PY^ME GEVI QTMIHMG PE RMZIP MRHMZMHYEP HMWXMRG'ME RXVI
TIVQERIRX #M IJIQIV, RXVI VIEPMXEXI #M ETEVIR'; PE RMZIP GSWQMG IWXI 1]
%ZMH]-1] 1] E MKRSVER'IM
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4EXENEPM EYXSVYP =SKE-7YXVE
4MRKEP EFWSEVFI 4VERE TVMR REVE HVIETX; H GPHYV #M IRIVKMI, (GE
7SEVIPI); GSVIPEX GY QEVIPI WMQTEXMG
4VENE WXEVIE HI WSQR EHRG R GEVI EVI PSG JY^MYRIE SGE^MSREP #M
MRGSR#XMIRX E .ZE GY &VELQER; R =SKE 7/XVE TVENE HIWIQRIE^
GYRSE#XIVIE HMVIGX WEY RIQMNPSGMX, STYW NERE -GYRSE#XIVIE MRHMVIGX,
QMNPSGMX HI WMWXIQYP WIR^SVMEP KVSWMIV SVM HI GXVI TVSGIWEVIE QIRXEP;
4VEOEWLE PYQMR; GPEVMXEXI; JYPKIV; -PYQMREVI
4VEOVMXM REXYV; QEXIVMI TVMQSVHMEP
4VEPE]E HMWSPY'ME YRMZIVWYPYM QERMJIWXEX PE WJV#MXYP GMGPYPYM (/EPTE)
4VERE VIWTMVE'MI, WY4Y ZMXEP"; IRIVKME GSWQMG GI TIRIXVIE^, GSRWIVZ
#M EGXMZIE^ GSVTYP
4VEREQE]E-/SWLE GSVTYP IXIVMG; EWXVEP; GSVTYP IRIVKIXMG; HYFPYP; YQFVE;
RZIPM#YP WYFXMP SVM ZMXEP GEVI ERMQ #M QIR'MRI GSVTYP #M KRHMVIE 4VEREZE
XIVQIR GI HIWIQRIE^ WMPEFE QMWXMG 31
4VRE-:MH] TVM^E HI GSR#XMMR' E IRIVKMIM ZMXEPI 4VERE
4VRE]EQE GSRXVSP 4VERE (IXETE E -:-E HMR 6NE-=SKE)
6
6EHLE TEVXIRIVE PYM /VMWLRE R NSGYVMPI EQSVSEWI (6EWEPPE)
6EK TEWMYRI
6ENEW ZI^M +YRE
6NE-=SKE =SKE VIKEP, I\TYW HI 4EXERNEPM R =SKE-7YXVE
6MWLM TVSJI'M, R'IPIT'M
6YT JSVQ
7
7HLERE QMNPSG HI E ENYRKI PE WGST"; I\IVGM'MY; TVEGXMG
7ELEWVVE-'LEOVE ZI^M: 'LEOVE
7EQHLM 3\EVI, EXE#EVI"; XVERW GIRXVMTIX; EFWSVF'MI, IRWXE^; WXEVI
WYTVIQ HI GSR#XMMR' R GEVI HMWTEVI HYEPMXEXIE HMRXVI WYFMIGX (QIHMXERX) #M
SFMIGX ((YQRI^IY, %FWSPYX)
7EQWVE QMKVE'MI, GMGPYP RE#XIVMPSV; GMGPYP I\MWXIR'IPSV
7EQWOVE MQTVIWMM, VITIVGYWMYRM, XIRHMR'I EWGYRWI HEXSVEXI
I\TIVMIR'IPSV XVIGYXI 7EQWOVMXE GSRHM'MSREX"; ERWEQFPYP JIRSQIRIPSV
GSRHM'MSREXI, GYTPEXI WYTYWI PIKMM XVERWJSVQVMM (RE#XIVMM, HIZIRMVMM, HMWTEVM'MIM)
7EQLMXE GYPIKIVI HI GRXYVM; VYKGMYRM
7EQ]EQE EYXSGSRXVSP; IGLMPMFVYP WTMVMXYPYM"; WMRXI^E IXETIPSV (LEVERE,
(L]ERE #M 7EQEHLM 7EROEPTE MRXIR'MI, ZSMR'"; KRHYVM GSRXVSPEXI #M
SVMIRXEXI (STYW: :MOEPTE) 7ERR]WE VIRYR'EVI
7ERR]WMR SQYP GEVI E VIRYR'EX PE PYQI TIRXVY E WI GSRWEGVE IPMFIVVMM
QRXYMVMM (1SOWLE) 7ERWOVMXE PMQFENYP ^IMPSV; MPYQMRE'MM ZSVFIWG EGIEWX PMQF;
PMQFEN EWXVEP EHETXEX TPERYPYM JIRSQIREP 7ERXSWLE QYP'YQMVI, QSHIVEVIE
HSVMR'IPSV"; YRE HMRXVI GIPI GMRGM ZMVXY'M TVEGXMGM #M TSVYRGM HMR 2M]EQE (IXETE
E ---E HMR 6NE-=SKE)
7EX *MMR'E, )\MWXIR'E IXIVR TIVQERIRX #M MQYEFMP (PMTWMX HI
XVERWJSVQEVI, WYGGIWMYRI SVM PSGEPM^EVI R XMQT #M WTE'MY; IE IWXI HMRXSXHIEYRE
TVIXYXMRHIRM EGIIE#M)
7EXGLMHRERHE *MMR'E IXIVR (7EX) IWXI GSR#XMMR' (GLSX) #M FIEXMXYHMRI
(RERHE) 7EXXZE ZI^M: +YRE (2SXI)
7EX]E EHIZV, EYXIRXMG
7LEFHE WYRIX; EWTIGX WYFXMP #M KVSWMIV; EQTVIRXE ZMFVE'MSREP
7LEOXM 7SEVX, TYXIVI, IRIVKMI"; WS'ME PYM 7LMZE; 1EQE (MZMR
7LEROEVE ZI^M: :IHERXE RSR-HYEPMWX (%ZIVXMWQIRX)
7LEVVE GSVT, RZIPM#
7LWXVE WGVMTXYVM WEGVI; WGVMIVM VIZIPEXI
7EYGLE TYVMXEXIE"; EPXYVM HI 8ETEW (%WGI^), 7ZHL]E]E, 7ERXSWLE #M
WLZEVE-4VERMHLERE, EPGXYMIWG GIPI GMRGM TSVYRGM, TVEGXMGM #M ZMVXY'MM HMR
2M]EQE (E HSYE VEQYVE HMR 6NE-=SKE), HIWGVMW HI 4EXERNEPM R =SKE 7/XVE (--,
32) 7LMZE ZI^M: 'YZRX MRXVSHYGXMZ #M 8VMQ/VXM
7LMZE-7EQLMXE ZI^M: 'YZRX MRXVSHYGXMZ
7LVEHHLLE GVIHMR'; RGVIHIVI
7LVSXE-%TERRE GIP GI MRXV R GYVIRX"
7LVYXM E EY^M"; XI\XIPI VIZIPEXI (EY^MXI HI -PYQMRE'M)
7L/R]EX ZMH; ZEGYMXEXI
7MHHLE TIVJIGX, HIWZV#MX
7MHHLM TYXIVM TWMLMGI
7OERHLE EKVIKEXI; KVYTYVM; GSVTYVM
7QVXM XI\XI XVERWQMWI
7SQE FYXYV GEVI GSRJIV TYXIVM WYTVEREXYVEPI
7YWLYQR GEREP GIRXVEP R GSPSERE ZIVXIFVEP
7YWLYTXM WSQR
7/XVE 3V; EJSVMWQ; IRYR'YVM GSRGMWI #M GMJVEXI
7ZHL]]E VIGETMXYPEVI; EYXS SFWIVZEVI; ZIKLIVI; WXYHMY HI WMRI;
WXYHMYP 7GVMIVMPSV WEGVI" (7LEWXVE) 8
8EMNEWE WXEVIE HI ZMW; PMX.: 'IE PYQMRSEW"
8EQE# ZI^M #M: +YRE; MRIV'MI, KVIYXEXI, QEXIVMEPMXEXI
8ERQXVE IPIQIRXI WYFXMPI
8ERXVE ZI^M: 'YZRX MRXVSHYGXMZ
8ETEW JSG; EWGI^
8EX %GIPE"; YXMPM^EX R XI\XIPI WEGVI GE WYFWXERXMZ TIRXVY E HIWIQRE
%FWSPYXYP MR3RMX, (YQRI^IY
8EXXZE EHIZVEXE REXYV, TVMRGMTMY JYRHEQIRXEP, EHIZV, IWIR'
8EX 8ZEQ %WM 8Y I#XM %GIPE" EHMG %FWSPYXYP IWXI EGIIE#M REXYV GY
XMRI" (ETEVI R 'LERHSK]E 9TERMWLEH)
8LE ,E (+); 8LE (-); 8LE IWXI WY4YP PYREV GYRSWGYX #M WYF RYQIPI HI
%TERE (ZI^M ,E #M ,EXLE-=SKE)
8VMKYRE GIPI XVIM +YREW
8VMQ/VXM GEVI EVI XVIM JSVQI"; XVMRMXEXIE LMRHYW JSVQEX HMR XVIM ^IM
&VELQE (GVIEXSVYP), :MWLRY (GSRWIVZEXSVYP) #M 7LMZE (HMWXVYKXSVYP) 8VMWLRE
WIXI; HSVMR'; PGSQMI
8YV]E E TEXVE" WXEVI HI GSR#XMMR'
9
9HERE TVERE EWGIRHIRX GI PIEK TV'MPI 3^MGI #M QIXE3^MGI
:
:EMVK]E HIXE#EVI, HIGSPSVEVI
:E]Y EIV, ZRX"; ^IYP ZRXYVMPSV
:MH] GYRSE#XIVI, HSGXVMR"
:MNRE GSR#XMMR', GYRSE#XIVI, WXEVI HI VIEPM^EVI GEVI TIVQMXI
-PYQMREVIE
:MOEPTE RHSMEP, MHIM JEPWI" GEVI ETEV HMR MRGSR#XMIRX EWIQIRIE YRSV
GSRXVEGYVIR'M KIRIVE'M HI 7EQWOEVE
:MOWLITE HIWJ#YVEVI", WYTVETYRIVI, QM#GEVI, IGVEREVI
:V]E IRIVKMI, JSV' HI ZSMR', HIXIVQMREVI, ZMVXYXI
:MWLRY YRE HMR TVMRGMTEPIPI HMZMRMX'M EPI LMRHYMWQYPYM (ZI^M
'YZRX MRXVSHYGXMZ; 8VMQ/VXM)
:MZIOE HMWGVMQMREVI"; HMWGIVRQRX RXVI VIEP #M MVIEP, IXIVR #M IJIQIV
:VMXXM ZEP; HIVYPEVI (KRHYVM); 4YGXYE'MM; ZVXIN (QIRXEP, EJIGXMZ SVM
MRWXMRGXYEP)
=
=EOWLE HMZMRMX'M; HIQSRM
=ERXVE MQEKMRI QMWXMG; WYTSVX TIRXVY GSRGIRXVEVI #M QIHMXE'MI
=SKE YRMYRI" GY %FWSPYXYP
=SKE-2MHVE =SKE GSR#XMMR'IM TIVQERIRXI; =SKE WSQRYPYM
=SKE-7/XVE %JSVMWQIPI =SKE" EPI PYM 4EXERNEPM
=SRM QEXVMGIE; 1YQE
=YKE IV GSWQMG HMR GMGPYP YRMZIVWYPYM (/EPTE)
7*6"-8