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Macmillan Publishers Limited, 2014.
www.macmillanreaders.com
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LIFE SKILLS
LANGUAGE IS A LIFE SKILL
Thinking creatively: how to write a flm script
Overview: In our last exercise, we looked at making decisions when writing a short story. Our next set of activities looks at
solving problems when writing a flm script.
Time: 30-60 minutes per activity
Teachers: You can use these activities with a class, as a one-off activity, or as part of a series on developing the life
skills thinking creatively and solving problems. You could use these ideas to carry out a class project on making a
short flm and organise your own mini-Oscars night for best flm script.
Learners: You can do these activities on your own, or with a friend. Just follow the instructions!
Level: Intermediate

Introduction: The difference between writing a flm script and a story
Writing a flm script is not the same as writing a story thats meant to be read. It involves solving a number of problems. Firstly,
there is the question of how to write the script itself and how to make the story visually interesting. Secondly, many great flms are
about characters solving problems. For example, the Sherlock Holmes stories are all about solving mysteries and in Around the
World in Eighty Days the character Phileas Fogg has to solve a lot of travel problems!
There are many differences between writing stories and writing for the screen. The most important differences are:
Showing versus telling the story
Type of narrator: who is telling the story?
Dialogue versus descriptions
Formatting
When you write a story, you frst have to decide who the narrator is that is, who is telling the story. You can have a frst person
narrator (I...), or an omniscient narrator (a narrator who sees everything, and tells the story from an impersonal point of view).
When you write a flm script the camera tells the story - but you can have a narrator as well. This is called a voice over, or VO
when you see the flm, you hear someone telling you the story.
One problem you have to solve when thinking about writing a flm script is how youre going to show how characters are thinking
and feeling. The characters cant always say what they are thinking or feeling: when you write the script, you have to show this,
by their actions as well as through the words they say.
This means that both actions and dialogue what the characters say are equally important.
Before you start your flm script, think about your characters and their lives: what problems do they face, and how are they going
to solve these problems?
Activity 1: Showing versus telling
1. Look at the short story you wrote after the last set of activities, or fnd a passage from a book you like. Have a look at the
descriptions and dialogue. How could you make this into a flm script?
2. Write a list of everything you can see in this extract. Compare the answers with a fellow student or friend.
3. Now make another list of everything you can hear. Again compare the answers with a fellow student or friend.
In a flm, unless you have a voice over, you cant tell the viewer what is happening you have to show it. Your lists of things that the
viewer will see and will hear can help you to visualise the scene.
Activity 2: Narrator
Next, think about how your flm will be narrated. Will it have a frst person narrator, or an omniscient narrator?
Look again at the story or passage you used in Activity 1. If it has a frst person I narrator, rewrite it, so that there is an omniscient
narrator. If it has an omniscient narrator, then take the main character, and think about how she or he would tell the story.
This activity will help you think about the different points of view you need to consider when writing a script or making a flm.

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Macmillan Publishers Limited, 2014.
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Activity 3: Dialogue
A lot of great flms have great dialogue. Think about a flm you love: what is it you remember? The great settings? The special
effects? The story? Or some of the things the characters say to each other? It is probably all of these. But the dialogue what the
characters say to each other - can make the difference between a good flm and a great flm.
1. In the frst worksheet How to create a fctional character, we advised you to keep a notebook, and to write down pieces
of conversations in it. Now is a time when you can use this notebook. Find one of the conversations you have recorded,
and think about the character or characters you have created.
Think of the setting the place where this conversation takes place and write the dialogue as naturally as you can.
2. If you like, look again at the story or passage you used in Activities 1 and 2. Make a note of the things the characters say to
each other and what they are thinking. This will be the basis of the dialogue in your script.
In a flm script, however, the way you write the descriptions and a dialogue is very different to how you write them in a story.
This is called formatting.
Activity 4: Formatting
Remember that a flm script is a guide or a list of instructions for the flm director and the actors. This means that a lot of things
you might write in a book would not appear in a flm script. A flm script is written in a very particular style. In a way it is much
simpler than a novel or short story.
A script begins with a description of the setting or scene. It says simply EXTERIOR or INTERIOR (that is, outside, or inside) then
Day or Night. Then there is a very brief description of where the characters are (a big room in an old house? On a crowded bus?
In an empty caf?)
Then there are the characters names in the centre of the page and a brief description of them.
Simply write the characters names (always in the centre of the page), and under them the words they say.
1. Start the beginning of your flm script, including the setting of the scene, location, characters and character descriptions.
2. Look at the stories youve written so far, or choose a passage from a Macmillan Reader you like, and use the opening few
paragraphs to turn into a flm script.
To see examples of flm scripts have a look at this page by the BBC. There are some software packages (such as FinalDraft), which
can help you with the formatting of a flm script.
Activity 5: The Elevator Pitch
Making a big budget, blockbuster movie is not an easy task! It is probably best to think small at frst, and imagine your flm as a
short flm. (Many great flm-makers start by making short flms.)
In Hollywood there is something called the Elevator Pitch. This is when scriptwriters who need money to make their flm, have
to talk to producers (the people who give money to make flms). Producers are known to be always busy so sometimes these
meetings take place in lifts (an elevator in American English). In an elevator, you only have up to one minute to say exactly
what your flm is about, and why it is so good. You have one minute to convince the producer to make your flm!
In this activity think of an elevator pitch for your flm. With a friend or classmate, describe your flm in no more than 60 seconds.
Remember that you must include: the main character, the current situation and the confict - the problem that has to be solved
as that is what drives the story.
Thinking creatively: how to write a flm script

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Macmillan Publishers Limited, 2014.
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Activity 6: Adaptations
A lot of great flms are based on books. If you are fnding it diffcult to write your own story, why not think about adapting a book
or story into a flm?
Look at the list of Macmillan Readers and see if there is anything that inspires you. The short stories of O. Henry or Philip
Prowses L.A. Detective books could make great flms! If you adapt something, some of your flm-making problems, like creating
a good story with interesting characters, are solved.
Look at the formatting section above, and adapt your chosen scenes and characters into a flm-script format. You may need to
simplify some of the descriptions, or change some of the dialogue. As a scriptwriter, you are free to do this!
Remember
Even though youre writing, remember that flm is a visual medium. Find a good balance between what you show and
the dialogue.
Make sure you know who the narrator is before you start writing
Format your script so that it can be used as a guideline for flm makers
Follow up
Solving problems is not only important when creating a flm script its an important life skill. As a follow-up activity,
think about a situation in your life where you had to solve a problem.
As an extra activity, think about which famous actors you would cast for your flm and design the flm poster!
Keep an eye out for the next set of activities: how to write... a poem.
Thinking creatively: how to write a flm script