Nguyïîn Xuên Thúm (Chuã Biïn) - Nguyïîn Vùn Höìng

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NCUL N XUN JPOM (CPU lLN) - NCUL N vN P NC

JkUNC JM JPNC JlN JPU vlLN
bAl POC OUC ClA PA Nl
Po N| - 2001
NGUY N XUN THM (CHU BIN) - NGUY N VN H NG

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K JPUJ bAM lPAN JPUONC MAl OUC JL
Muc luc
Ioi noi dau
Chng 1
ClOl 1HlL| CH|NC VL DAM lHAN
l Khu nom
2 un chut cou qou trnh dum phun
2.l. Dum phun u mot khou hoc
2.2 Dum phun u mot ngho thout
2.3 Dum phun u qou trnh thou hop vo o ch vu thong nhut
gou cuc mut do up
3 Nhong do xout nghon coo vu duo tuo
Chng 2
CH|AN l DAM lHAN
l. Choun b chon ooc
l.l Choun b to doy chon ooc
l.2 Choun b thu do chon ooc
l.3 Choun b bon phup chon ooc
2. Choun b ko houch
2.l 1ho thup so oo, do oo thong tn
2.2 Dou ru gu thot
2.3 Xuy dong cuc moc too dum phun
2.4 Choun b nhun so vu du dom dum phun

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2.5 1o dunh gu mnh vu do phoong
Chng3
CAC Kl 1H|A1 CAN AN 1kONC DAM lHAN 1H|ONC
MAl
l. K thout dum phun gu
l.l 1u suo u phu dum phun gu
l.2 Cuc gu doun tnh gu
l.3 lhun tch do nhuy cum cou do phoong
l.4 Du dung hou phoong thoc dum phun gu
l.5 K thout thoyot phoc trong dum phun gu
l.6 K thout do ngh tron go
l.7 K thout so o
l.8 K thout do pho vo so khung gu cou do phoong
2. Cuc ky thout tron khu co bun
2.l Kh tu gup mot do phoong but tr
2.2 1m phoong thoc do booc do phoong dou ru do ngh trooc
2.3 Dou do ngh vu kon tr buo vo do ngh du dou ru
2.4 1m phoong thoc tot kom tho gun dum phun
2.5 Do pho vo tho thout dou do ngh chot cou do phoong
2.6 K thout uc do
2.7 K thout rot do ngh
2.8 K thout chnh moc too bun duo kh ton hunh dum phun

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2.9. Ky thout xo y ho dou trong dum phun
2.l0. Ky thout xo y nhoong bo
3. Ky thout chong xuo cho trong dum phun
3.l. Ky thout chong thu do ung trunh trong dum phun
3.2. Ky thout chong thu do do dou trong dum phun
3.3. Ky thout chong phun buc cou do phoong
3.4. Ky thout chong so un to cou do phoong
3.5. Ky thout chong on uo mu khong co thou thoun
4. Ky thout guo top trong dum phun thoong mu
4.l. Cuc choc nung vu duc dom cou guo top dum phun
thoong mu
4.2. Cuc ky thout guo top cun bun
4.3. Vu tro cou phon dch trong dum phun thoong mu
5. Ky thout kot thoc dum phun
5.l. Kh nuo tu non bo dum phun
5.2. Ky thout kot thoc dum phun kh dut dooc thou thoun
5.3. Nhong doo khoun thou thoun non co
5.4. Nhong ky thout kot thoc dum phun kh khong dut dooc
thou thoun
Chng IV
VAN HOA 1kONC DAM lHAN 1H|ONC MAl |OC 1L
l. Nhong khuc bot vo vun hou: lhoong Dong vu lhoong 1uy
do choo.

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l.l. Cho nghu cu nhun vu cho nghu tup tho.
l.2. Co cho tung buc.
l.3. 1nh ky out vu tho gun ru qoyot dnh
l.4. Vu tro cou Chnh pho
2. 1rong ooc
2.l. Counx
2.2. 1ho don
2.3. So knh trong do vo ngoo cuo too
2.4. Nhong oo y khuc
3. Nhut un
3.l. 1utoshuku
3.2. Amuo
3.3. \u
3.4. Honno vu 1utumo
3.5. Nunvubosh
3.6. No 1utuk |r
3.7. lnshn Donshn
3.8. Nomuvush
3.9. Shnyo
4. Hou Ky
4.l. So khuo nhong nghon coo vo dum phun trong nhong num
gun duy o My.

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4.2. Nhong gu tr vun hou My
Chng V
DAM lHAN 1H|ONC MAl VlL1 NAM 1kONC NH|NC
NAM DOl MOl
l. Dum phun thoong mu o Vot Num trong nhong num ton do
mo
2. Dum phun thoong mu o Vot Num suo do mo

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Gii thieu
^hung nam |hang cuo cung cua |hc |, XX vo nhung
|hanh |uu |o on cua cuoc cach mang |hoa hoc va cong nghc
hcn da da va dang da, nhanh u pha| |rcn cua uc uong an
xua|, nang cao nang ua| ao dong, am chu,cn bcn manh mc
co cau |nh |c cua cac quoc ga va am |ha, do au ac mo ma|
do ong xa ho oa nguo. Vcc |ru,cn ba nhanh chong cong
nghc cao, u bung no gao |hong van |a va |huong ma quoc |c,
|ha nang |hong |n |uc |hac, |a| ca nhung ca do |hcn cho cac
doanh nghcp dang nga, cang chu nhcu uc cp canh |ranh
|ruoc da, chua |ung co va cang nga, uc cp do cang |ang, dc
doa u ong con cua doanh nghcp, dac bc| |h uc cp |hong
ch mang |nh |hu vuc ma mo rong |rcn pham v |oan cau. !c
|hoa| |ho ngu, co b dc| vong, cac doanh nghcp, nha| a cac
doanh nghcp hoa| dong |rcn |huong |ruong quoc |c, pha hoach
dnh chcn uoc pha| |rcn huu hcu cua mnh, xa, dung hang
oa| cac bcn phap, |rong do co dam phan |huong ma, nham
|cn hanh cac hoa| dong |huong ma co hcu qua nha|.
Vo |nh nghcm |rcn ba muo nam pha| |rcn nganh
ngoa |huong, vo u |c |hua cua nhung |hanh |uu ba| |ha chcn
ba cua dam phan ngoa gao Vc| âm |rcn |ruong quoc |c, cac
co quan quan ,, cac doanh nghcp Vc| âm da gop phan nha|
dnh |rong vcc pha| |rcn ncn |nh |c, pha| |rcn nganh ngoa
|huong va mo rong cac hoa| dong |nh doanh cua mnh. Tu,
nhcn, dam phan |huong ma quoc |c vo nhung |, nang va |u
du, dac |hu vo nhung |, xao va nghc |hua| rcng ,vo nhung
qu |rnh va |hu phap nha| dnh qua |ha| con qua xa a do vo
cac |o chuc va doanh nghcp Vc| âm. !a co nhcu cuoc ho
|hao quoc |c va Vc| âm, da co nhung cong |rnh, chu,cn dc
nghcn cuu ham chua nhung no dung |hac nhau vc dam phan

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|huong ma quoc |c vo muc dch gup cac nha quan ,, cac
doanh nghcp Vc| âm co quan hc |nh doanh vo nuoc ngoa
|ho bo ngo |rong nhung buoc d ban dau cua qua |rnh ho
nhap ncn |nh |c |hc go. Khong ngoa muc dch do, cuon ach
co |ua dc |, |hua| dam phan |huong ma quoc |c a cong |rnh
nghcn cuu |uong do da ho, hc |hong vo nhung |u cu |ha
phong phu va ong dong c a |a cu bo ch.
\o| dcu dang chu , a cac |ac ga dc a cac can bo
gang da, o cac |ruong da hoc, no ma dam phan |huong ma
quoc |c dang duoc xa, dung vo , ngha |hong ch a mo| phan
ma c a mo| mon hoc doc ap |rong |uong a. Cac |ac ga mo
duoc |u nghcp va duoc cap bang |hac , \) o nuoc ngoa.
!cu na, am cho cuon ach vua mang |nh , uan hcn da co
|c| hop vo |huc |cn Vc| âm vua mang |nh |ruong hoc. La
mo| cong |rnh co |nh cha| nghcn cuu, cac |ac ga chac chan
c |hong |hc |ranh |ho nhung |hcm |hu,c| nha| dnh vc no
dung cung nhu hnh |huc. Song chung |o cho rang da, a cuon
ach ra| dang |ran |rong. ô ra| bo ch va a |a cu |ham |hao
|hc| |huc |hong ch do vo nh vcn, gao vcn ma con do vo
nhung nha nghcn cuu, quan ,, cac doanh nghcp va cho |a| ca
nhung a quan |am.
Vo |nh |han do, xn |ran |rong go |hcu cung doc ga
cuon ach na,
Ha Noi, thang 10 nam 1997
PGS. PTS Nguycn Th] Mo
Pho hicu truong truong ai hoc Ngoai thuong

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Li tac gia
Kho voc hou vu toun cuo hou knh to, nghon coo khoynh
hoong no but cou non knh to tho go trong nhong thup ky chot
cou tho ky XX, u so tho hon cou qou trnh phut tron co tnh qoy
out cou xu ho ou ngoo. 1rooc bo cunh do, cuc dounh nghop
do u o nh voc nuo, o kho voc nuo doo phu ton hunh cuc hout
dong cunh trunh co tnh kho voc, tnh toun cuo. Duc bot u do
vo cuc dounh nghop thum gu vuo th troong tho go, mot kh
moon ton tu vu phut tron, khong tho khong xuy dong vu phut
tron mot out cuc bon phup cnuh trnuh mung tnh chon ooc vu
chon thout. 1rong ho thong cuc bon phup do, dum phun, mot
thuo tuc buo gom trong no cuc duc tnh vou mung tnh ky thout,
vou mung tnh khou hoc vu ngho thout, dong vu tro qoun trong
trong qou trnh houch dnh vu ton hunh cu hout dong knh dounh
co hoo qou. V vuy, mot out cuc troong knh dounh tron tho go
du co dum phun thoong mu nho mot mon hoc doc up trong
choong trnh choyon ngunh cou mnh tnho: qoun tr knh dounh,
thoong mu qooc to, qoun tr thong tn...). Ngou ru, dum phun
con u choyon do cou nhoo tup ch vu buo tron tho go. o Vot
Num, dum phun thoong mu u mot phun trong mon hoc Ky thout
nghop vo Ngou thoong.
Do gop phun mnh vuo voc nghon coo vun do nuy, chong
to bon soun vu go thoo vo qoy doc gu coon such Ky thout
Dum phun 1hoong mu ooc to nhum trnh buy mot so kon
thoc co bun co on qoun to dum phun thoong mu qooc to co
tnh to so khuc nhuo vo mo troong vun hou, phup out.
1rong kh tho thup tu oo vu houn thon bun thuo coon
such, cuc tuc gu du nhun dooc so co vo vu dong gop y kon cou
cuc thuy, cuc co, cong dong duo cuc dong nghop tu Du hoc

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Ngou thoong Hu no vu Du hoc ooc gu Hu no. Cuc tuc gu
nhun dp nuy dooc buy to ong bot on chun thunh do vo tup tho
cuc guo so troong Du hoc Ngou thoong: lCS. l1S. Ngoyon 1h
Mo, lho Hoo troong troong Du hoc Ngou thoong, lCS, NC|1
Dnh Xoun 1rnh, Cho nhom Khou Knh to Ngou thoong, Du
hoc Ngou thoong, lCS. l1S. NC|1 Ngoyon Hong Dum, lho
Hoo troong troong Du hoc Ngou thoong, Cum doc Co so ll Du
hoc Ngou thoong tu 1l. Ho Ch Mnh, lCS, l1S Lo Dnh 1oong,
lho Cho nhom Khou Knh to Ngou thoong, Du hoc Ngou thoong,
lCS, NC|1 Vo Hoo 1oo, Cho nhom o mon Ky thout Nghop vo
Ngou thoong, Du hoc Ngou thoong, lCS. l1S. lhum Ngoc 1hot,
lho Cho nhom Khou Knh to Ngou thoong, Du hoc Ngou thoong,
CS. l1S. Ngoyon Doc Chnh, lho Cum doc Du hoc ooc Cu
Hu no, vu tup tho cuc guo so troong Du hoc Khou hoc Xu ho vu
Nhun vun, Du hoc ooc gu Hu no, CS. 1S. Ngoyon Lu, CS.
l1S. Dnh Vun Doc, CS. l1S. Ngoyon 1hon Cup, CS. l1S. Lo
oung 1hom, l1S. Ngoyon Hoo Dut, lCS. l1S. 1run Khoyon,
l1S. Lo Dong, cuc dong nghop Khou Ngon ngo vu Vun hou Anh-
My, 1HS. lhum lhoong Loyon, Cho nhom Khou NN&VH Anh-
My, 1HS. Lo Hong 1on, lho Cho nhom Khou NN&VH Anh-My,
Du hoc Ngou ngo, Du hoc ooc gu Hu no.
Cuc tuc gu cong xn nhun dp nuy buy to ong cum on
chun thunh do vo CS.1S. lutrcu Oyor, 1HS. lhum Hong Lnh,
1HS. Ngoyon Hoy Choong, lCS. l1S. lhun Vun, 1HS. 1run 1h
lhoong, LS. Ngoyon Doc Hunh, 1HS. 1roong 1h Duc, LS. 1roong
Anh 1oun, nhong ngoo tuo doo kon vo tu oo cho cuc tuc gu
trong kh choun b bun thuo vu oon mong moon cuc tuc gu co
mot cong trnh nghon coo xong dung.
1oy nhon, trooc nhong yoo cuo du dung cou doc gu, vo
trnh do con hun cho cou cuc tuc gu, coon such nuy khong trunh
kho con co nhong khom khoyot. Cuc tuc gu cou coon such rut

ll
mong nhun dooc so dong gop y kon cou qoy doc gu nhum houn
thon hon nou vo no dong vu hnh thoc coon such trong nhong
un xout bun suo.
Xn chan |hanh cam on.
Ha Noi Mua thu nam 1997
Cac tac gia

l2
Chng I
Gii thieu chung ve am phan
1. khai nicm
Dum phun u mot hon toong xu ho, mot hnh thoc guo
top mung tnh moc dch cuo nhum gu qoyot thou dung cuc
houn cunh co vun do gou cuc tup tho houc cu nhun vo nhuo
trong snh hout xu ho houc cong dong. uy go Mun mo ho
Duo: Voon hong du co u vuo huy chou: Mun ho th Duo xn
thou: Voon hong co o, .... Cuo cu duo tron co tho co u moo
tu phun duo cou mot cooc dum phun do d don thou thoun.
Dum phun u mot nho cuo do vo cooc song xu ho cou con
ngoo, cun thot nho com un nooc oong, nho khuo khut tm hoo.
Doo kon do co dum phun phu u cong dong, qo mo nho nho
mot cup tnh nhun, qo mo on nho mot xu ho, mot kho voc, mot
chuo oc, vu on hon nou, bot duo suo nuy so co dum phun gou
cuc hunh tnh. Khong co cong dong, nghu u kh song don doc
tron houng duo nho kobnson Crosoo, ngoo tu khong tho vu cong
khong cun dum phun.
Dum phun u mot khu nom rong. Xot vo mut to ngoyon
trong tong Vot, dum phun co nghu u thuo oun tdum) vu ru
qoyo t dnh chong tphu n). 1rong to ng Anh, to du m phu n
tnogotuton) u mot to goc Lu tnh tnogotom), co nghu u truo do
knh dounh. uch khou toun tho Lncurtu 96 tHou Ky) dnh nghu
dum phun u hunh dong:
1/ Hoi dam voi mot hoac nhicu hcn dc di dcn cac
thoa thuan,
2/ Dan xcp phuong thuc trao doi thong qua hop dong,

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3/ Chuycn giao quycn vo huu thco luat d]nh va trcn
thuc tc cho mot hoac nhicu hcn khac dc doi lay cac gia tr] vc
nhan duoc
4/ Hoan thicn va giai quyct thanh cong cac ton tai cua
qua trinh.
Nho vuy, thoo Lncurtu 96, dum phun u mot qou trnh
gom nhoo khuo, but duo bung ho dum vu kot thoc bung gu
qoyot tron von tron thoc to cuc vun do du dooc ho dum. Doo nuy
co nghu, noo cuc vun do ho dum con chou dooc gu qoyot
thunh cong tron thoc to th qou trnh dum phun chou chum dot.
Dnh nghu cou uch khou toun tho Lncurtu 96 co vo rut pho
hop vo goc to ngoyon tong Anh cou to dum phun tnogotom: truo
do knh dounh).
1rong cuc to oo nghon coo vo dum phun, cuc nhu y
thoyot doo thou nhun mot doo dum phun u mot thoc to cooc
song co mut o khup no cho khong rong g trong nh voc truo
do knh dounh. Do moon huy khong, u u cong phu dum
phun. Do cou tho u dou tro bo bong no choyon vo bu no vo
voc but no d ngo oc tum go go u du hop y chou, co tho u
cuc cho cun ho bun buc vo bun thunh y nhu cou vo gu tr con
u cou ngo nhu, co tho u v troong phong bun buc vo cup
tron vo ko houch tung oong cho nhun von doo qoyon. Do
hnh thoc co tho khuc nhuo nhong bun chut cou cuc qou trnh
doo gong nhuo, doo u thoyot phoc. Vu qou trnh do dooc go
u dum phun. Nho vuy, khu nom dum phun cun dooc mo rong
do buo hum cu cuc hout dong on qoun don so thoyot phoc
trong cooc song hung nguy.
1rong kh dum phun u mot qou trnh pho bon co y nghu
qoun trong trong phun on cuc hout dong phun duo cou con ngoo,

l4
hout dong nuy vun t nhoo mung muo suc b hom. Co rut nhoo
cong trnh dunh cho doc gu pho thong vu cho cuc nhu nghon
coo, du co gung um sung to nhong b hom cou hon toong dum
phun. Song nhong ngoo qoun tum don dum phun - khong phu
vo to cuch mot ngho - mu u vo to cuch mot hout dong ho thoong
gup trong cooc song - doo thuy rung thut kho do co tho num dooc
nhong tnh toy cot o cou hon toong nuy.
Dum phun u g: un thun khu nom nuy chou co dnh
nghu nhut qoun. osoph ornos tl993) co dam phan a mo|
cuoc |hao uan gua ha ha, nhcu nguo dc d dcn mo| muc
dch chung a da| duoc |hoa |huan vc nhung van dc ngan cach
cac bcn ma |hong bcn nao co du uc manh - hoac co uc manh
nhung |hong muon u dung - dc ga qu,c| nhung van dc ngan
cach do. ko rung dnh nghu dum phun cou ornos co ngoyon
nhun cou dum phun u xong dot vu moc dch cou dum phun u
gu qoyot cuc xong dot bung phoong phup trunh so dong vo oc.
Kh no don xong dot, ngoo tu huy ngh don xong dot chnh tr
houc vo trung tkoo nho dung don tru o Aghunstun hon nuy).
1ron thoc to, xong dot u mot khu nom ch so d bot vo qoun
dom huy o ch gou cuc cu nhun huy tup tho.
kogor lshor & \um |ry tl99l) u nhn dum phun o
goc do khuc, co dam phan a phuong |cn co ban dc da| duoc
ca |a mong muon |u nguo |hac. !o a qua |rnh gao |cp co d
co a duoc |hc| |c nham da| duoc |hoa |huan |rong |h gua |a
va pha bcn |a co nhung qu,cn o co |hc cha c va nhung
qu,cn o do |hang. Nho vuy, thoo kogor lshor vu \um |ry,
ngoyon nhun cou dum phun u dong co qoyon o ho thoc vu moc
dch cou dum phun u chu so qoyon o trong kh co nhong but
dong.
1rong soot coon such nuy, dam phan duoc hcu a qua

l5
|rnh mac ca va |hu,c| phuc |hong qua gao |cp, |rao do |hong
|n |ruc dcn va |hu,c| phuc |hong qua gao |cp, |rao do |hong
|n |ruc dcn hoac van ban v muc |cu o nhuan |nh |c gua
cac bcn co quan hc mua ban vo nhau nham da| duoc nhung
cam |c| bang van ban duo hnh |huc hop dong dua |rcn co o
bnh dang va |u ngu,cn gua cac bcn. Nho so trnh buy dum
phun vou u khou hoc, vou u ngho thout, vou u qou trnh thong
nhut cuc mut do up, dum phun u mot ngunh nghon coo rut
rong. Coon such nuy ch tup trong vuo cuc vun do ky thout co bun
nhut trong mot phum v co tho: Dum phun thoong mu qooc to.
1rong too do tron, thout ngo co bun u thout ngo thoong mu.
1hout ngo nuy o duy dooc hoo u voc mou bun, truo do hung
hou gou hu bon tron co so thou thoun mot cuch bnh dung to
ngoyon.
Vo co bun, hout dong thoong mu o tut cu mo qooc gu
doo don ru doo hu hnh thoc: mou bun no du vu mou bun qooc
to. Mou bun no du vu mou bun qooc to, vo bun chut, doo u
nhong hout dong mu trong do ngoo bun co nghu vo choyon guo
hung hou, dch vo cho ngoo mou. Con ngoo mou co nghu vo
choyon cho ngoo bun mot khoun gu tr ngung vo gu tr hung
hou, dch vo dooc truo do. 1oy vuy, khuc vo mou bun no du,
mou bun qooc to u hout dong:
(1) mua han xuycn hicn gioi, nghia la, hoat dong giua cac
hcn kinh doanh hang hoa va d]ch vu thuoc cac quoc gia khac
nhau.,
(2) mua han co dicu tict, co dicu chnh, nghia la, no ch duoc
tricn khai khi co vu cho phcp cua chlnh phu cac quoc gia huu
quan,

l6
(3) duoc ticn hanh thco y chl cua cac chu thc dam phan va
ky kct hop dong khong h] rang huoc hoi hat ky hcn thu ha
nao,
(4) duoc dam hao hang cac phuong ticn thanh toan quoc tc.
Nho vuy, so khuc nhuo gou mou bun no du vu mou bun
qooc to u so khuc nhuo vo doo kon hout dong. Nhong trong but
ky doo kon nuo, moc too cou nhu dum phun cong but d but
dch: do u moc too o nhoun. Ngoo tu so khong thum gu mou
bun qooc to noo no khong tuo ru o nhoun so snuh o moc chup
nhun dooc kh so vo mou bun no du. 1rong soot coon such nuy,
cuc thout ngo Dum phun/ Dum phun thoong mu/ Dum phun
thoong mu qooc to dooc dong thuy do vu thuy tho cho nhuo.
2. Ban chat cua qua trinh dam phan
2.1. am phan la mot khoa hoc:
1rooc hot, dum phun u mot khou hoc, khou hoc vo phun
tch gu qoyot vun do mot cuch ho thong, thoo phoong chum tm
gu phup to oo cho cuc bon on qoun. 1nh phun tch nhum gu
qoyot vun do trong dum phun dooc tho hon trong soot qou trnh
dum phun to choun b cho don kot thoc dum phun. 1nh ho thong
do ho phu co so nhut qoun trong toun bo qou trnh do.
Mo qoun ho gou cuc yoo to trong dum phun co tho u
mo qoun ho toyon tnh:

l7
1rong do moc dch ch pho cuc moc too dum phun, no
dong ch pho phoong phup dum phun vu phoong phup ch pho
dunh gu kot qou dum phun. Nhooc dom cou mo hnh dum phun
toyon tnh u tnh up dut cou cuc yoo to dong trooc do vo cuc yoo
to dong suo. Nhooc dom nuy tro booc nhu dum phun trong phut
hoy tnh nung dong sung tuo.
1rong ch so, mo hnh dum phun toyon tnh xout hon to
rut uo vu no con pho bon don suo Du chon tho go tho ll, v mo
hnh nuy dum buo tnh nhut qoun cuo gou cuc yoo to. Nhong
cooc dum phun thunh cong cuo nhut u nhong cooc dum phun co
kot qou trong khop vo moc too. 1rong y thoyot, mo hnh toyon
tnh con dooc go u mo hnh moc too y tnh trutonu oboctvo
modo).
1o thup ky 70 xout hon mot mo hnh mo dum buo tnh
nung dong, sung tuo vu mom doo cou nhu dum phun, do u mo
hnh vong tron tcyccu modo):

l8
1rong mo hnh tron, cuc yoo to dum phun ch pho un
nhuo, doo chnh un nhuo trong qou trnh dum phun. Mo hnh
nuy gut bo tnh cong nhuc cou mo hnh toyon tnh no nhu dum
phun t nhoo phu toun thoo thunh ch vu um voc cho yoo
nho mot xoong ngon von. No tuo co ho cho nhu dum phun tro
thunh mot duo don thoc so do phut hoy hot khu nung cou mnh
vu tm ru gu phup dou dum phun don thou thoun. Song mo
hnh nuy cong co hun cho cou no: Do u so thoo chuc chun
cou nhong qoyot dnh toy hong do so cun thop cou cu to
cou nhu dum phun.
o vuy, toy trong thoc to ton tu hu mo hnh dum phun,
chou nhu nghon coo nuo khung dnh mo hnh nuo hon mo hnh
nuo. Co o mo hnh toyon tnh pho hop vo phop to doy cou nhong
ngoo xout thun to mot non vun hou trong ton t, tung buc nho
koo vun hou Chuo u. 1rong dum phun, no cong tuo o tho nho so
trnh buy ru ruc o cuc choong suo cou coon such nuy. Con mo
hnh vong tron thch hop vo phoong phup to doy trong mot non
vun hou trong bnh dung vu cho phop con ngoo to do qoyot dnh.
1rong dum phun, no cong tuo ru nhong o tho nho coo vun bo tuc
dum phun thoo phoong chum dooc t nhoo cong go u dooc, con
hon khong.
Vo to cuch u mot khou hoc thoo dong nghu cou to nuy
tkhou hoc = so qoun sut, nhun bot, moo tu, doo tru thoc nghom
vu gu thch y thoyot vo cuc hon toong), dum phun on qoun
don nhoo ngunh khou hoc khuc nho out, ko toun tu chnh, phun
tch xuc sout, nhum gop nhu dum phun do buo kot qou dum
phun qou voc tm ru kho voc thou thoun turou o ugroomont)
trong dum phun. Nhong vun do nuy dooc do cup rut ch tot trong
cong trnh cou Hovurd kuu tl982) vo khou hoc vu ngho thout
dum phun.

l9
2.2. am phan la mot nghe thuat:
Vo to cuch u mot ngho thout tngho thout = so thuo tuc don
moc thoun thoc doo oyon mot so ngoyon tuc vu phoong phup
trong mot mut hout dong nuo do cou con ngoo), dum phun u mot
qou trnh thuo tuc o moc nhoun nhoy cuc ky nung guo dch, buo
gom khu nung thoyot phoc vu chup nhun so thoyot phoc, khu
nung so dong cuc too xuo dum phun, so khon khoo ou chon tho
gun vu cuch thoc thoc hon nhong too xuo do.
Khuc vo khu cunh khou hoc cou dum phun u khu cunh
mo dooc phut tron trong tho ky XX, ngho thout dum phun co bo
duy ch so phut tron khu duy dun, co tho no to tho ton trong co
kh cuc bo uc ngoo xout hon nho cuo guo oo vu truo do hung
hou thoo phoong thoc hung do hung tburtor). 1rong ngoon to oo
vo dum phun, so oong cuc cong trnh nghon coo vo ngho thout
dum phun cong chom mot ty o on. 1rong kh do cup don dum
phun vo to cuch u mot ngho thout, cuc nhu y thoyot dum phun
phun bot 3 tbu) phoong phup dum phun co bun:
2.2.1. lhoong phup dooc phut tron duy do nhut u
phoong phup y thoyot tro cho tgumo thoory). lhoong phup y
thoyot tro cho u phoong phup ru qoyot dnh dou tron nhong
phun tch toun hoc vo cunh trunh nhum ou chon phoong thoc
hunh dong to oo cho bon thum gu tro cho. Dou tron phoong
phup y thoyot tro cho, kogor lshor & \um |ry tl99l) co
nhong nghon coo thoyot phoc vo phong cuch dum phun tdum
phun cong, dum phun mom) cho so ou chon out cho cou nhu
dum phun tdum phun up troong, dum phun qoyon o)
1hoo hu ong, tro cho dum phun don ru tron hu cup do:
cup do vo chut ton qoun don cuc doo khoun cun thou thoun, v
do vo gu cu, doo khoun thunh toun, doo kon guo hung... ) vu
cup do to choc out cho ton qoun don phoong thoc dum phun

20
no dong cuc vun do). Cup do tho hu cou tro cho nuy dooc go u
tro cho on, tro cho cou / houc vo mot tro cho. Mo dong thu
cou nhu dum phun trong tro cho vo do phoong khong ch co tuc
dong gu qoyot cuc vd thooc no dong dum phun mu con u boo
hon cou so ou chon out cho thoo nhong tnh toun nhum tuo ru
mot hoo qou to oo. Dong thu do co tho u so top toc cou mot
out cho cong co tho u boo hon cou so thuy do out cho, thoo
koo ton cong, phong tho nhunh nho chop ttho Ho Cho 1ch),
coong nho toy cho, toy oc.
Choong trnh dum phun cou Hurvurd tHurvurd Nogotuton
lrooct) dou tron co so y thoyot tro cho, du dou ru khu nom
dum phun co ngoyon tuc tlrncpod Nogotuton) do hoong
dun so ou chon out cho cho but ky tnh hoong dum phun nuo,
buo gom 4 tbon) dom:
* Vo con ngoo: 1uch con ngoo ru kho vun do, no cuch
khuc khong dong nhut, nhum un gou con ngoo vo vun
do.
* Lo ch: 1up trong vuo o ch, khong vuo up troong.
* Cuc phoong un: Dou ru cuc phoong un khuc nhuo trooc
kh qoyot dnh.
* 1oo choun: lhu dunh gu kot qou tron co so nhong too
ch khuch qoun du dnh sun cho khong phu tron co so
cho qoun do kh mung tnh cum tnh.
Dom tho nhut dou tron qoun dom nhu dum phun trooc
hot u mot con ngoo mu con ngoo th khong phu u muy tnh mu
u snh vut co y tr munh, co cum xoc munh, co nhun thoc co kh
tru ngooc nhuo, vu co nhong kho khun trong truo do thong tn
chnh xuc vu trong guo top.

Nguyïîn Xuên Thúm (Chuã Biïn) - Nguyïîn Vùn Höìng

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