That Which

To introduce restrictive relative clauses

- A clause containing essential information
- If left out, meaning of the sentence is
affected
To introduce nonrestrictive clause
- A clause containing extra information
- Can be left out of the sentence without
affecting the meaning or structure
- Can be introduced by which, whose,
who, or whom
Not preceded by a comma Always preceded by a comma
Example:
The house that I grew up in was blue.

The clause that I grew up in restricts house,
telling us what kind of house it was. This is what
happens if we leave out the clause and write:

The house that I grew up in was blue.
The house was blue.

The sentences meaning has changed because
it's not clear which house we are talking about.
Example:
The pie, which was blueberry, tasted great.

The clause 'which was blueberry' just tells us
more about 'the pie'. We can take the clause out
without losing any essential information:

The pie, which was blueberry, tasted great.
The pie tasted great.

The sentences meaning has not changed
because the flavour of the pie is not vital to
understanding the situation or message.