Slide Bai Giang Dien Tu So NTNGA-SV PDF

IN T S
Digital Electronics
B mn K thut my tnh
Vin Cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng
Trng H Bch Khoa H Ni
1
Thng tin ging vin

Ging vin: Nguyn Th Thanh Nga
B mn: K thut my tnh Vin CNTT&TT
Email: ngantt@soict.hut.edu.vn
Mc ch mn hc
Cung cp cc kin thc c bn v:

Cu to
Nguyn l hot ng
ng dng
ca cc mch s
(mch logic, IC,
chip)
Trang b nguyn l
Phn tch
Thit k
cc mch s c bn
To c s cho tip thu cc kin thc

chuyn ngnh
Ti liu tham kho chnh

Introductory Digital Electronics - Nigel P. Cook Prentice Hall, 1998
Digital Systems - Principles and Applications Tocci & Widmer - Prentice Hall, 1998
Digital Electronics Principles, Devices and
Applications Anil K.Maini John Wiley & Sons,
2007
Thi lng mn hc
Tng thi lng: 45 tit
L thuyt: 30 tit
Bi tp, thc hnh: 15 tit
M phng mt s mch in t s trong gio trnh s dng
phn mm Multisim v8.0
Np bo co thc hnh km bi thi

Khng c bo co thc hnh => 0 im.
Ni dung ca mn hc
Chng 1. Gii thiu v in t s

Chng 2. Cc php ton s hc
Chng 3. Cc hm logic
Chng 4. Cc phn t logic c bn
Chng 5. H t hp
Chng 6. H dy
in t s
Chng 1
GII THIU V IN T S
B mn K thut My tnh, Vin CNTT&TT

Trng i hc Bch Khoa H Ni
7
Gii thiu v in t s
in t s
Gii thiu v in t s (tip)

H thng in t, thit b in t
Cc
linh kin
in, in t
(component)
Cc
mch
in t
(circuit)
Cc
thit b,
h thng
in t
(equipment,
system)

S v tng t:
Trong khoa hc, cng ngh hay cuc sng i thng, ta thng
xuyn phi tip xc vi s lng
S lng c th o, qun l, ghi chp, tnh ton nhm gip cho cc
x l, c on phc tp hn
C 2 cch biu din s lng:
Dng tng t (Analog)
Dng s (Digital)
Dng tng t:
VD: Nhit , tc , in th ca u ra micro
L dng biu din vi s bin i lin tc ca cc gi tr (continuous)
Dng s:
VD: Thi gian hin trn ng h in t
L dng biu din trong cc gi tr thay i tng nc ri rc (discrete)
10

H thng s v tng t:
H thng s (Digital system)

L t hp cc thit b c thit k x l cc thng tin logic
hoc cc s lng vt l di dng s
VD: My vi tnh, my tnh, cc thit b hnh nh m thanh s, h
thng in thoi
ng dng: lnh vc in t, c kh, t
H thng tng t (Analog system)

Cha cc thit b cho php x l cc s lng vt l dng
tng t
VD: H thng m-ly, ghi bng t
11

Cng ngh s - u, nhc im so vi tng t
Dng cng ngh s thc hin cc thao tc ca gii php tng t
u im ca cng ngh s:
Cc h thng s d thit k hn:
Khng cn gi tr chnh xc U, I, ch cn khong cch mc cao thp
Lu tr thng tin d
C cc mch cht c th gi thng tin lu ty
chnh xc cao hn
Vic nng t chnh xc 3 ch s ln 4 ch s n gin ch cn

lp thm mch
h tng t, lp thm mch s nh hng U, I v thm nhiu
Cc x l c th lp trnh c
t b nh hng bi nhiu
C th ch to nhiu mch s trong cc chip
12

Cng ngh s - u, nhc im so vi tng t
Hn ch:
Th gii thc ch yu l tng t
Cc s lng vt l trong thc t, t nhin ch yu l dng
tng t.
VD: nhit , p sut, v tr, vn tc, rn, tc dng chy
Chuyn i
cc u vo
thc t
dng
tng t
thnh
dng s
X l
thng tin
S
Chuyn i
cc u ra s
v dng
tng t
thc t
13
S kt hp ca
cng ngh s v tng t!
14
in t s
Chng 2
CC PHP TON S HC
B mn K thut My tnh, Khoa Cng ngh Thng tin

15
Ni dung chng 2
2.1. H c s
2.2. Cc php ton s hc
16
2.1 H c s
H c s r
Cc h c s thng dng
Biu din s m
Chuyn i gia cc h c s
Bn nh l trong chuyn i gia cc h c s
S du phy ng
17
2.1 H c s - H c s r
S dng r ch s biu din
Biu din gi tr phn nguyn di dng: r0, r1, r2,
r 3
Biu din phn s di dng: r-1, r-2, r-3
Cc h c s thng dng:
H c s 10
H c s 2
H c s 8
H c s 16
18
2.1 H c s - H c s 10
S dng 10 ch s: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Biu din gi tr phn nguyn di dng: 100, 101,
102, 103
Biu din phn s di dng: 10-1, 10-2, 10-3
K hiu: (1234)10
19
2.1 H c s - H c s 2
S dng 2 ch s: 0, 1
Biu din gi tr phn nguyn di dng: 20, 21, 22,
23
20
2.1 H c s - V d 2.1
Cho h c s vi cc s c lp: 0, 1, X.
H c s l bao nhiu?
Lit k 10 s u tin?
0, 1, X, 10,
11, 1X, X0,
X1, XX, 100
21
2.1 H c s - H c s 2
S dng 2 ch s: 0, 1
23
K hiu: (0011)2
u im:
S dng c cc php ton logic

Tt c cc loi d liu c biu din di dng 0 v 1
Cc mch in s dng cho cc php ton cho 0 v 1
c n gin ha
22
2.1 H c s - H c s 8
S dng 8 ch s: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
83
K hiu: (123)8
23
2.1 H c s - H c s 16
S dng 16 ch s: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B,
C, D, E, F
Biu din gi tr phn nguyn di dng: 160, 161,
162, 163
c s dng biu din cc s ln
K hiu: (2ABE)16
V d: H c s 10: 0 - 65536
H c s 2: 00000000 00000000 11111111 11111111
H c s 16: 0000 - FFFF
24
2.1 H c s - Biu din s m

Bit du
Bit 0 biu din du +

Bit 1 biu din du -
V d: 8 bit biu din trong h c s 2 tng ng vi
0-255 hoc (-127) n (+127)
S b 1
o bit 0 v 1
S b 2
Cng 1 vo s b 1
25
2.1 H c s - C gia cc HCS

Chuyn i sang h c s 10
T h c s 2
T h c s 8
T h c s 16
Chuyn i t h c s 10 2
Chuyn i gia h c s 2 8
26
2.1 H c s - T h c s 2
V d: (1001.0101)2
Phn nguyn: 1001
9.3125
Chuyn sang h c s 10 tng ng:
= 1*20+0*21+0*22+1*23 = 1+0+0+8 = 9
Phn s:
.0101
= 0*2-1+1*2-2+0*2-3+1*2-4
= 0+0.25+0+0.0625 = 0.3125
27
2.1 H c s - T h c s 8
V d: (137.21)8
Phn nguyn: 137
(95.265)10
= 7*80+3*81+1*82 = 7+24+64 = 95
Phn s:
.21
= 2*8-1+1*8-2
= 0.265
28
2.1 H c s - T h c s 16
V d: (1E0.2A)16
Phn nguyn: 1E0
(480.164)10
= 0*160+14*161+1*162 = 0+224+256 = 480

Phn s:
.2A
= 2*16-1+10*16-2
= 0.164
29
2.1 H c s - V d 2.2
Chuyn sang h c s 10 tng ng ca cc s
b 2 sau:
00001110
10001110
14
-114
00001110
= 0*20+1*21+1*22+1*23+0*24 +0*25+0*26
= 14
10001110 0001110 0001101 1110010
= 0*20+1*21+0*22+0*23+1*24 +1*25+1*26
= 114
30
2.1 H c s - HCS 10 2
V d: (11.73)10
Phn nguyn: 11
Phn s:
.73
(1011.1011)2
31
2.1 H c s - HCS 10 8
V d: (73.75)10
Phn nguyn: 73
Phn s:
.75
(111.6)8
32
2.1 H c s - HCS 10 16
V d: (82.25)10
Phn nguyn: 82
Phn s:
.25
(52.4)16
33
2.1 H c s - HCS 2 8
V d:
(374.26)8
(011111100.010110)2
H c s 8:
(374.26)8
=(011 111 100.010 110)2
=(11111100.01011)2
H c s 2:
(11111100.0100111)2
= (011 111 100.010 011 100) 2
= (164.234)8
34
2.1 H c s - HCS 2 16
V d:
(17E.F6)16
(1011001110.011011101)2
H c s 16: (17E.F6)16
=(0001 0111 1110.1111 0110)2
=(101111110.1111011)2
H c s 2:
(1011001110.011011101)2
= (0010 1100 1110.0110 1110 1000) 2
= (2CE.6E8)16
35
2.1 H c s - HCS 8 16
V d:
(2F.C4)16
(762.013)8
H c s 16: (2F.C4)16
=(0010 1111.1100 0100)2
=(101 111.110 011)2 = (57.61)8
H c s 8:
(762.013)8
= (111 110 010.000 001 011) 2
= (0001 1111 0010.0000 0101 1000) 2
=(1F2.058)16
36
2.1 H c s - Bn nh l
1. Khi chuyn sang h c s 10, phi phn tch phn nguyn
v phn s, vi h c s r,
Biu din gi tr phn nguyn di dng: r0, r1, r2, r3

Biu din phn s di dng: r-1, r-2, r-3
Khi chuyn t h c s 10 sang h c s r, chia phn

nguyn cho r cho n khi kt qu php chia bng 0, phn
chuyn i l tp hp phn d vit theo chiu ngc li.
3. Chuyn i gia h c s 2 v 8 bng cch chuyn cc s
tng ng trong h c s 8 sang h c s 2 v ngc
li.
4. Chuyn i gia h c s 8 v 16 bng cch chuyn sang
h c s 2 hoc 10 tng ng.
2.
37
2.1 H c s - V d 2.3
Cho h c s 5 vi cc s c lp: 0, 1, 2, L, M.
H c s 10 tng ng ca (12LM.L1) l bao nhiu?

Phn nguyn: (12LM)
= M*50+L*51+2*52+1*53 = 4*50+3*51+2*52+1*53 (L=3, M=4)
= 194
Phn s: (.L1)
= L*5-1+1*5-2 = 3*5-1+1*5-2
= 0.64
Tng s cc s c 4 ch s trong h c s ny l bao

nhiu?
= 54 = 625
38
2.1 H c s - V d 2.4
S b 7 ca mt s trong h c s 8 l 5264. Tm
s nh phn v s hexa tng ng ca s .
S b 7 = 5264
S octal = (2513)8
S nh phn = (010 101 001 011)2
= (10101001011)2
S hexa
= (0101 0100 1011)2
= (54B)16
39
2.1 H c s - Du chm ng
c s dng biu din cc s rt ln v rt nh
Biu th di dng:
N = m x be
m: gi tr phn nh tr
b: c s
e: s m
H c s 10: N = m x 10e
H c s 16: N = m x 16e
H c s 2: N = m x 2e
40
Chun ANSI/IEEE-754
Chun IEEE-754r
Chun IEEE-854
41
42
Ni dung chng 2
2.1. H c s
2.1. Cc php ton s hc
43
2.2 Cc php ton s hc
Quy lut c bn ca php cng v tr

Php cng s nh phn ln
Php tr s nh phn ln
Php nhn s nh phn
Php chia s nh phn
Du chm ng
44
2.2 Cc php ton s hc

Quy lut c bn ca php cng
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
0+0=0
0+1=1
1+0=1
1 + 1 = 0 (nh 1 )
1 + 1 + 1 = 1 (nh 1)
A + B + Cin
45
2.2 Cc php ton s hc

Quy lut c bn ca php tr
1.
2.
3.
4.
0-0=0
1-0=1
1-1=0
0-1=1
(mn 1 )
A B - Bin
46
2.2 Cc php ton s hc

Php cng s nh phn ln
47
2.2 Cc php ton s hc

Php cng s nh phn ln
Php cng s dng phng thc b 2
C hai s u dng
S ln hn l s dng
S ln hn l s m
C hai s u m
48
2.2 Cc php ton s hc

Php cng s nh phn ln
Trng hp 1: +37 v +18
S b 2 ca + 37 = 00100101
S b 2 ca + 18 = 00010010
Kt qu = (00110111)2 = (+55)10
49
2.2 Cc php ton s hc

Php cng s nh phn ln
Trng hp 2: +37 v -18
S b 2 ca + 37 = 00100101
S b 2 ca - 18 = 11101110
Kt qu = (00010011)2 = (+19)10
50
2.2 Cc php ton s hc

Php cng s nh phn ln
Trng hp 3: +18 v -37
S b 2 ca - 37 = 11011011
S b 2 ca + 18 = 00010010
Kt qu = (11101101)2 = (-19)10
51
2.2 Cc php ton s hc

Php cng s nh phn ln
Trng hp 3: -18 v -37
S b 2 ca -18 = 11101110
S b 2 ca -37 = 11011011
Kt qu = (11001001)2 = (-55)10
52
2.2 Cc php ton s hc

V d 2.5
Thc hin php tnh sau:
(275.75)10 + (37.875)10
Kt qu = (100111001.101)2 = (313.625)10
53
2.2 Cc php ton s hc

V d 2.5
Thc hin php tnh sau:
(AF1.B3)16 + (FFF.E)16
Kt qu = (1101011110001.10010011)2 = (1AF1.93)16
54
2.2 Cc php ton s hc

V d 2.5
Cng hai gi tr -118 v -32 bng cch s dng s
b hai 8 bits v 16 bits. So snh kt qu.
8 bits:
Kt qu = (01101010)2 = (+106)10
16 bits
Kt qu = (1111111101101010)2 = (-150)10
8 bits th kt qu nm ngoi phm vi biu din

kt qu sai
16 bits th kt qu nm trong phm vi biu din
kt qu ng
55
2.2 Cc php ton s hc

Php tr s nh phn ln
56
2.2 Cc php ton s hc

Php tr s nh phn ln
Php tr s dng phng thc b 2
C hai s u dng, s b tr nh hn
S ln hn l s dng, s b tr ln hn
S tr dng, s b tr m v gi tr tuyt i ln hn
S tr dng, s b tr m v gi tr tuyt i nh hn
C hai s u m, s tr nh hn
C hai s u m, s tr ln hn
57
2.2 Cc php ton s hc

Php cng s nh phn ln
Trng hp 1: +24 (+14)
S b 2 ca +24 = 00011000
S b 2 ca +14 = 00001110
Kt qu = (00001010)2 = (+10)10
58
2.2 Cc php ton s hc

Php cng s nh phn ln
Trng hp 2: +14 (+24)
S b 2 ca +24
= 00011000
S b 2 ca +14
= 00001110
S b 2 ca s b tr = 11101000
Kt qu = (11110110)2 = (-10)10
59
2.2 Cc php ton s hc

Php cng s nh phn ln
Trng hp 3: +24 ( 14)
S b 2 ca +24
= 00011000
S b 2 ca -14
= 11110010
S b 2 ca s b tr = 00001110
Kt qu = (00100110)2 = (+38)10
60
2.2 Cc php ton s hc

Php cng s nh phn ln
Trng hp 4: +14 ( 24)
S b 2 ca -24
= 11101000
S b 2 ca +14
= 00001110
S b 2 ca s b tr = 00011000
Kt qu = (00100110)2 = (+38)10
61
2.2 Cc php ton s hc

Php cng s nh phn ln
Trng hp 5: -24 ( 14)
S b 2 ca -24
= 11101000
S b 2 ca -14
= 11110010
S b 2 ca s b tr = 00001110
Kt qu = (11110110)2 = (-10)10
62
2.2 Cc php ton s hc

Php cng s nh phn ln
Trng hp 6: -14 ( 24)
S b 2 ca -14
= 11110010
S b 2 ca -24
= 11101000
S b 2 ca s b tr = 00011000
Kt qu = (00001010)2 = (+10)10
63
2.2 Cc php ton s hc

Php cng s nh phn ln
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Biu th s tr v s b tr di dng s b 2
Tm s b 2 ca s b tr
Cng s b 2 ca s b tr vi s tr
B qua bit nh cui cng nu c
Kt qu dng s b 2
S b 2 c s dng khi kt qu mong mun
nm trong khong -2n-1 n +(2n-1-1), vi n l s
bit c s dng biu din s.
64
2.2 Cc php ton s hc

Php nhn
1.
2.
3.
4.
0x0=0
0x1=0
1x0=0
1x1=1
65
2.2 Cc php ton s hc

Php nhn
1. Thut ton cng v dch bit tri
2. Thut ton cng v dch bit phi
66
2.2 Cc php ton s hc

Thut ton cng v dch bit tri
67
2.2 Cc php ton s hc

Thut ton cng v dch bit phi
68
2.2 Cc php ton s hc

Php chia
1. Thut ton tr v dch bit phi
2. Thut ton tr v dch bit tri
69
2.2 Cc php ton s hc

Thut ton tr v dch bit phi
S chia: 100110
S b chia: 1100
70
2.2 Cc php ton s hc

Thut ton tr v dch bit tri
71
2.2 Cc php ton s hc

Du chm ng Tng v hiu
N1 v N2 l hai s du chm ng c vit di
dng:
N1 = m1 x 2e
N2 = m2 x 2e
Tng:
N1 + N2 = m1 x 2e + m2 x 2e = (m1 + m2) 2e
Hiu:
N1 - N2 = m1 x 2e - m2 x 2e = (m1 - m2) 2e
72
2.2 Cc php ton s hc

Du chm ng Nhn v chia
N1 v N2 l hai s du chm ng c vit di
dng:
N1 = m1 x 2e1
N2 = m2 x 2e2
Tng:
N1 x N2 = m1 x 2e1 x m2 x 2e2 = (m1 x m2) 2(e1+e2)
Hiu:
N1 / N2 = m1 x 2e1 / m2 x 2e2 = (m1 / m2) 2(e1-e2)
73
in t s
Chng 3
I S BOOLE

74
Ni dung chng 3
3.1. Gii thiu

3.2. i s Boole
3.3. Biu din cc hm logic di dng chnh quy
3.4. Ti thiu ha cc hm logic
75
3.1. Gii thiu

i s Boole:
Do George Boole sng lp vo th k 19

L cng c ton hc kh n gin cho php m t mi
lin h gia cc u ra ca mch logic vi cc u vo
ca n di dng biu thc logic
L c s l thuyt, l cng c cho php nghin cu, m
t, phn tch, thit k v xy dng cc h thng s, h
thng logic, mch s ngy nay.
Cc hng, bin v hm ch nhn 1 trong 2 gi tr: 0 v 1
76
3.1. Gii thiu

Mch logic (mch s) hot ng da trn ch
nh phn:
in th u vo, u vo hoc bng 0, hoc bng 1

Vi 0 hay 1 tng trng cho cc khong in th c
nh ngha sn
VD:
0 0.8V
:0
2.5 5V
:1
Cho php ta s dng i s Boole nh l

mt cng c phn tch v thit k cc h thng s
77
3.1. Gii thiu

Cc phn t logic c bn:
Cn gi l cc cng logic, mch logic c bn

L cc khi c bn cu thnh nn cc mch logic v h
thng s khc
78
3.1. Gii thiu

Mc tiu ca chng: sinh vin c th
Tm hiu v i s Boole
Cc phn t logic c bn v hot ng ca chng
Dng i s Boole m t v phn tch cch cu thnh
cc mch logic phc tp t cc phn t logic c bn
79
3.1. Gii thiu

Bin logic: l 1 i lng c th biu din bng 1
k hiu no , v mt gi tr ch ly gi tr 0 hoc
1.
Hm logic: l biu din ca nhm cc bin logic,
lin h vi nhau thng qua cc php ton logic, v
mt gi tr cng ly gi tr 0 hoc 1.
Php ton logic: c 3 php ton logic c bn:
Php V - "AND"
Php Hoc - "OR"
Php o - "NOT"
80
3.1. Gii thiu

Cc gi tr 0, 1 khng tng trng cho cc con s
thc m tng trng cho trng thi gi tr in th
hay cn gi l mc logic (logic level)
Mt s cch gi khc ca 2 mc logic:
Mc logic 0
Sai (False)
Mc logic 1
ng (True)
Tt (Off)
Thp (Low)
Khng (No)
Bt (On)
Cao (High)
C (Yes)
(Ngt) Open switch
(ng) Closed switch

81
Ni dung chng 3
3.1. Gii thiu

3.2. i s Boole
82
3.2 i s Boole
Biu din bin v hm lgic
Cc tin v nh
Cc nh l (17)
83
3.2. i s Boole
Biu din bin v hm logic
Dng biu Venn (le):
Mi bin logic chia khng gian thnh 2 khng gian con.

Khng gian con th nht, bin nhn gi tr ng (=1),
khng gian con th cn li, bin nhn gi tr sai (=0).
VD: F = A AND B
84
3.2. i s Boole
Dng biu thc i s:
K hiu php V AND: .

K hiu php HOC OR: +
K hiu php O NOT:
VD: F = A AND B hay F = A.B
85
3.2. i s Boole
86
3.2. i s Boole
Dng bng tht:
Dng m t s ph thuc u ra vo cc mc in
th u vo ca cc mch logic
Bng tht biu din 1 hm logic n bin c:
(n+1) ct:
n ct u tng ng vi n bin
ct cn li tng ng vi gi tr ca hm
2n hng:
tng ng vi 2n gi tr ca t hp bin
87
3.2. i s Boole
Dng ba Cc-n:
y l cch biu din tng ng ca bng tht.

Trong , mi trn ba tng ng vi 1 dng ca bng
tht.
Ta ca xc nh gi tr ca t hp bin.
Gi tr ca hm c ghi vo tng ng.
88
3.2. i s Boole
Dng biu thi gian:
L th biu din s bin i theo thi gian ca bin v hm logic

VD: vi F = A . B
A
t
B
t
F
t
89
3.2 i s Boole
Cc tin v nh
Cc nh l (17)
90
3.2. i s Boole
Biu thc b tng ng
Cho biu thc:
Biu thc b tng ng:
Cho biu thc:

Biu thc b tng ng:
91
3.2. i s Boole
Biu thc i ngu
Cho biu thc:
Biu thc i ngu:
Cho biu thc:

Biu thc i ngu:
92
3.2. i s Boole
V d 3.1
Tm biu thc i ngu ca:
Kt qu:
Tm biu thc b ca:
Kt qu:
93
3.2. i s Boole
V d 3.2
Rt gn biu thc:
Kt qu:
94
3.2. i s Boole
Cc nh quan trng
1x1=1
1x0=0
0x1=0
0x0=0
0+0=0
0+1=1
1+0=1
1+1=1
0=1
1=0
95
3.2 i s Boole
Cc tin v nh
Cc nh l (17)
96
3.2. i s Boole
Cc nh l
nh l 1
Chng minh:
97
3.2. i s Boole
Cc nh l
nh l 2
Chng minh:
98
3.2. i s Boole
Cc nh l
nh l 3 Khng s m, khng h s
M rng:
99
3.2. i s Boole
Cc nh l
nh l 4 - B
Chng minh:
M rng:
100
3.2. i s Boole
V d 3.3
Rt gn biu thc
Kt qu:
101
3.2. i s Boole
Cc nh l
nh l 5 Giao hon
102
3.2. i s Boole
Cc nh l
nh l 6 Kt hp
103
3.2. i s Boole
Cc nh l
nh l 7 Phn phi
Chng minh:
104
3.2. i s Boole
V d 3.4
Rt gn biu thc:
Rt gn biu thc:
105
3.2. i s Boole
Cc nh l
nh l 7 Phn phi
106
3.2. i s Boole
Cc nh l
nh l 8:
Chng minh:
107
3.2. i s Boole
V d 3.5
Rt gn biu thc:
Kt qu:
108
3.2. i s Boole
Cc nh l
nh l 9:
Chng minh: L nh l i ngu ca nh l 8.
109
3.2. i s Boole
Cc nh l
nh l 10:
Chng minh:
110
3.2. i s Boole
V d 3.6
Rt gn biu thc:
Rt gn biu thc:
111
3.2. i s Boole
Cc nh l
nh l 11:
Chng minh:
112
3.2. i s Boole
V d 3.7
Rt gn biu thc:
Kt qu:
113
3.2. i s Boole
Cc nh l
nh l 12:
Chng minh:
114
3.2. i s Boole
V d 3.8
Rt gn biu thc:
Kt qu:
115
3.2. i s Boole
V d 3.9
Chng minh rng:
Kt qu:
116
3.2. i s Boole
Cc nh l
nh l 13: nh l DerMorgan
Chng minh:
117
3.2. i s Boole
Cc nh l
nh l 13: nh l DerMorgan
118
3.2. i s Boole
Cc nh l
nh l 14:
Chng minh:
119
3.2. i s Boole
Cc nh l
nh l 15:
Hoc:
120
3.2. i s Boole
V d 3.10
Rt gn biu thc:
Kt qu:
121
3.2. i s Boole
V d 3.11
Rt gn biu thc:
Kt qu:
122
3.2. i s Boole
Cc nh l
nh l 16:
Chng minh:
123
3.2. i s Boole
Cc nh l
nh l 17:
124
3.2. i s Boole
V d 3.12
Chng minh biu thc:
Kt qu:
t:
125
3.2. i s Boole
V d 3.13
Chng minh biu thc:
Kt qu:
t:
126
3.2. i s Boole
V d 3.14 Tng kt
Rt gn biu thc:
p n:
127
3.2. i s Boole
V d 3.15 Tng kt
Rt gn biu thc:
p n:
128
3.2. i s Boole
V d 3.16 Tng kt
Rt gn biu thc:
p n:
129
Ni dung chng 3
3.1. Gii thiu

3.2. i s Boole
130
131
Tuyn chnh quy

nh l Shannon: mt hm logic bt k c th c trin
khai theo 1 trong cc bin di dng tng ca 2 tch logic
nh sau:
F ( A1 , A2 ,..., An ) A1.F (1, A2 ,..., An ) A1.F (0, A2 ,..., An )

V d:
F ( A, B) A.F (1, B) A.F (0, B)

A.[ B.F (1,1) B.F (1,0)] A.[ B.F (0,1) B.F (0,0)]
AB.F (1,1) AB.F (1,0) AB.F (0,1) AB.F (0,0)
Mt hm logic bt k u c th chuyn v dng tuyn
chnh quy nh p dng nh l Shannon cho dng tuyn
132
p dng nhanh nh l Shannon
133
Hi chnh quy
nh l Shannon: mt hm logic bt k c th c trin
khai theo 1 trong cc bin di dng tch ca 2 tng logic
nh sau:
F ( A1 , A2 ,..., An ) [ A1 F (0, A2 ,..., An )].[ A1 F (1, A2 ,..., An )]

V d:
F ( A, B) [ A F (0, B)].[ A F (1, B)]

( A [ B F (0,0)].[ B F (0,1)]).( A [ B F (1,0)].[ B F (1,1)])
[ A B F (0,0)].[ A B F (0,1)].[ A B F (1,0)].[ A B F (1,1)]
Mt hm logic bt k u c th chuyn v dng hi chnh
quy nh p dng nh l Shannon cho dng hi
134
p dng nhanh nh l Shannon
135
3. Biu din hm logic di dng s
136
Ni dung chng 3
3.1. Gii thiu

3.2. i s Boole
137

Mt hm logic c gi l ti thiu ho nu nh n
c s lng s hng t nht v s lng bin t
nht.
Mc ch ca vic ti thiu ho: Mi hm logic c
th c biu din bng cc biu thc logic khc
nhau. Mi 1 biu thc logic c mt mch thc hin
tng ng vi n. Biu thc logic cng n gin
th mch thc hin cng n gin.
C ba phng php ti thiu ho hm logic:
Phng php i s
Phng php ba Cc-n
138

3.4.1. Phng php i s
139

3.4.1. Phng php i s
Phng php nhm s hng
Thm s hng c vo biu thc
Loi b s hng tha
140

Phng php nhm s hng
V d:
141

Thm s hng c vo biu thc
V d:
142

Loi b s hng tha
Trong v d sau, AC l s
hng tha:
Ti thiu ha?
C
143

V d 3.17
Ti thiu ha mch in sau bng phng php
i s:
Kt qu:
144

V d 3.18
Ti thiu ha mch in sau bng phng php
i s:
Kt qu:
145

V d 3.19
Ti thiu ha cc hm sau bng phng php i
s:
1.
2.
3.
4.
146

3.4.2. Phng php ba Cc-n
Quy tc lp ba Cc-n:
2 lin k nhau ch sai khc nhau 1 gi tr ca 1 bin

(tng ng vi t hp bin khc nhau 1 gi tr)
Ba Cc-n c tnh khng gian
147

Ba Cc-n cho hm 2, 3, 4 bin
B
1
CD
AB
00
01
11
10
00
1
01
BC
A
0
00
01
11
10
11
10
1
148

Ba Cc-n cho hm 2 bin
149

150

151

152

153

154

Cc loi khc
155
Quy tc nhm (dng tuyn chnh quy)

Nhm cc lin k m gi tr ca hm cng bng 1 li vi
nhau sao cho:
S lng cc trong nhm l ln nht c th c,

ng thi s lng trong nhm phi l ly tha ca 2,
V hnh dng ca nhm phi l hnh ch nht hoc hnh vung
Nhm c 2n loi b c n bin

Bin no nhn c gi tr ngc nhau trong nhm th s b
loi
Cc nhm c th trng nhau mt vi phn t nhng khng
c trng hon ton v phi nhm ht cc bng 1
S lng nhm chnh bng s lng s hng sau khi ti
thiu ha (mi nhm tng ng vi 1 s hng)
156

Quy tc nhm
F ( A, B, C ) ABC ABC ABC ABC ABC ABC
F ( A, B, C ) A BC BC
BC
A
00
01
11
10
1
157

Lp 2
158

Lp 2
159

Lp 2
160

Lp 2
161

Lp 4
162

Lp 4
163

Lp 4
164

Lp 4
165

Lp 4
166

Lp 8
167

Lp 8
168

Lp 8
169

Lp 8
170
Quy tc nhm (dng tuyn chnh quy)

Nhm cc lin k m gi tr ca hm cng bng 1 li vi
nhau sao cho:
S lng cc trong nhm l ln nht c th c,

ng thi s lng trong nhm phi l ly tha ca 2,
V hnh dng ca nhm phi l hnh ch nht hoc hnh vung
Nhm c 2n loi b c n bin

Bin no nhn c gi tr ngc nhau trong nhm th s b
loi
Cc nhm c th trng nhau mt vi phn t nhng khng
c trng hon ton v phi nhm ht cc bng 1
S lng nhm chnh bng s lng s hng sau khi ti
thiu ha (mi nhm tng ng vi 1 s hng)
171

V d 3.20
172

V d 3.20
173

V d 3.20
174

Trng hp c bit
Nu gi tr hm khng xc nh
ti mt vi t hp bin no :
K hiu cc khng xc nh bng

du
Nhm cc vi cc 1
Khng nht thit phi nhm ht
cc
CD
AB
00
01
00
01
11
10
11
10
F ( A, B, C, D) BC BC
175

Trng hp c bit
176

Trng hp c bit
177

V d: 3.21
178

V d: 3.21
179

V d: 3.21
180

Hm nhiu bin 5 bin
181

Hm nhiu bin 6 bin
182

Hm nhiu bin
183

Hm nhiu bin
184

V d 3.22
Ti thiu ha cc hm sau bng phng php ba Ccn:
a. F(A,B,C,D) = R(0,2,5,6,9,11,13,14)
b. F(A,B,C,D) = R(1,3,5,8,9,13,14,15)
c. F(A,B,C,D) = R(2,4,5,6,7,9,12,13)
d. F(A,B,C,D) = R(1,5,6,7,11,13) v F khng xc nh vi t
hp bin 12,15.
185
in t s
Chng 4
CC PHN T LOGIC C BN

186
Ni dung chng 4
4.1. Khi nim

4.2. Thc hin phn t AND, OR dng Diode
4.3. Thc hin phn t NOT dng Transistor
4.4. Cc mch tch hp s
187
4.1. Khi nim

C 3 php ton logic c bn:
V (AND)
HOC (OR)
O (NOT)
Phn t logic c bn (mch logic c bn, cng

logic) thc hin php ton logic c bn:
Cng V (AND gate)

Cng HOC (OR gate)
Cng O (NOT inverter)
Cc mch s c bit khc: cc cng NAND, NOR,

XOR, XNOR
188
4.1. Khi nim

Cng V (AND gate)
Chc nng:
Thc hin php ton logic V (AND)

u ra ch bng 1 khi tt c cc u vo bng 1
Cng V 2 u vo:
K hiu:
Bng tht:
Biu thc: out = A . B
B out
1
189
4.1. Khi nim

Cng V (AND gate)
Cng V 3 u vo:
Cng V 4 u vo
190
4.1. Khi nim

Cng HOC (OR gate)
Chc nng:
Thc hin php ton logic HOC (OR)

Cng HOC 2 u vo:
K hiu:
Bng tht:
Biu thc: out = A + B
A
0
0
1
1
B out
0 0
1 1
0 1
1 1
191
4.1. Khi nim

Cng HOC (OR gate)
Cng HOC 3 u vo:
Cng HOC 4 u vo:
192
4.1. Khi nim

V d 4.1
Thit k mch OR c 4 u vo s dng cng OR
2 u vo.
193
4.1. Khi nim

Cng O (NOT inverter)
Chc nng:
Thc hin php ton logic O (NOT)
Cng O ch c 1 u vo:
K hiu:
Bng tht:
Biu thc:
out
0
1
1
0
out = A
194
4.1. Khi nim

V d 4.2
V u ra vi cc mch sau:
195
4.1. Khi nim

Cng V O (NAND gate)
Chc nng:
Thc hin php O ca php ton logic V

Cng V O 2 u vo:
K hiu:
Bng tht:
Biu thc:
out = A . B
out
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
196
4.1. Khi nim

Cng HOC O (NOR gate)
Chc nng:
Thc hin php O ca php ton logic HOC

Cng HOC O 2 u vo:
K hiu:
Bng tht:
Biu thc:
out = A + B
out
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
197
4.1. Khi nim

Cng XOR (XOR gate)
Chc nng:
Exclusive-OR
Thc hin biu thc logic HOC C LOI TR (php
ton XOR - hay cn l php cng module 2)
u ra ch bng 0 khi tt c cc u vo ging nhau
Cng XOR 2 u vo:
K hiu:
Bng tht:
Biu thc:
out A B A.B A.B
out
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
198
4.1. Khi nim

V d 4.3
Thit k mch XOR c 3, 4 u vo s dng cng
XOR 2 u vo.
199
4.1. Khi nim

V d 4.4
Thit k mch NOT s dng cng XOR 2 u vo.
200
4.1. Khi nim

Cng XNOR (XNOR gate)
Chc nng:
Exclusive-NOR
Thc hin php O ca php ton XOR
u ra ch bng 1 khi tt c cc u vo ging nhau
Cng XNOR 2 u vo:
K hiu:
Bng tht:
Biu thc:
out A B A.B A.B
out
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
201
4.1. Khi nim

V d 4.5
Thit k mch NAND 4 u vo s dng cng AND
2 u vo v cng NOT.
202
4.1. Khi nim

V d 4.6
Thit k mch NAND 3 u vo s dng cng
NAND 2 u vo.
203
4.1. Khi nim

V d 4.7
Thit k mch XNOR 3 u vo s dng cng
XNOR 2 u vo.
204
4.1. Khi nim

V d 4.8
Thit k mch NOT s dng:
Cng NAND 2 u vo.

Cng NOR 2 u vo
Cng XNOR 2 u vo
205
4.1. Khi nim

Bi tp
Thit k mch NAND 8 u vo s dng cng AND
2 u vo v cng NAND 2 u vo.
Thit k mch XNOR 8 u vo s dng s lng
cng 2 u vo t nht.
206
Ni dung chng 4
4.1. Khi nim

207
4.2. Thc hin phn t AND, OR

Diode:
K hiu:
Chc nng: cho dng in i qua theo 1 chiu t A n K
Hot ng:
Nu UA > UK th IAK > 0, Diode lm vic ch Thng
Nu UA UK th IAK = 0, Diode lm vic ch Tt

A
208

Phn t AND 2 u vo dng Diode
Xt mch hnh bn.
Gi s ly TTL lm chun cho hot
ng ca mch.
Ln lt t in p 0V v 5V vo
2 u vo A v B, sau o in
p ti u ra S, ta c:
S = A.B
209

Phn t OR 2 u vo dng Diode
Xt mch hnh bn.
Gi s ly TTL lm chun cho hot
ng ca mch.
Ln lt t in p 0V v 5V vo 2
u vo A v B, sau o in p ti
u ra S, ta c:
S = A+B
210
Ni dung chng 4
4.1. Khi nim

211
4.3. Thc hin phn t NOT

Transistor lng cc:
C 2 loi: NPN v PNP

Transistor c 3 cc:
B: Base cc gc
C: Collector cc gp
E: Emitter cc pht
Ic
Ic
Ib
Ib
B
B
NPN
E
Ie
PNP
E
Ie
Chc nng: Dng khuch i (thng) dng IC bng

vic iu khin dng IB
Hot ng:
IB = 0, Transistor lm vic ch khng khuch i (tt), IC = 0
IB > 0, Transistor lm vic ch khuch i (thng), IC = .IB,
trong l h s khuch i.
212
4.3. Thc hin phn t NOT dng

Transistor
Xt mch hnh sau.
Gi s ly TTL lm chun cho hot ng ca mch.

Ln lt t in p 0V v 5V vo u vo A v chn Rb
nh sao cho Transistor thng bo ha, sau o in p ti
u ra S, ta c:
SA
213
Ni dung chng 4
4.1. Khi nim

214

Cc phn t logic c cu thnh t cc linh kin in t
Cc linh kin in t ny khi kt hp vi nhau thng
dng cc mch tch hp hay cn gi l IC (Integrated
Circuit).
Mch tch hp hay cn gi l IC, chip, vi mch, bo c c
im:
u im: mt linh kin, lm gim th tch, gim trng lng v

kch thc mch.
Nhc im: hng mt linh kin th hng c mch.
C 2 loi mch tch hp:
Mch tch hp tng t: lm vic vi cc tn hiu tng t

Mch tch hp s: lm vic vi cc tn hiu s
215

Phn loi mch tch hp s
Theo mt linh kin:
Tnh theo s lng cng (gate).

Mt cng c khong 210 transistor
VD: cng NAND 2 u vo c cu to t 4 transistor
C cc loi sau:
SSI - Small Scale Integration: cc vi mch c mt tch hp c
nh: < 10 cng/chip
MSI - Medium Scale Integration: cc vi mch c mt tch hp
c trung bnh: 10 100 cng/chip
LSI - Large Scale Integration: cc vi mch c mt tch hp c
ln: 100 1000 cng/chip
VLSI - Very Large Scale Integration: cc vi mch c mt tch
hp c rt ln: 103106 cng/chip
ULSI - Ultra Large Scale Integration: cc vi mch c mt tch
hp c cc k ln: > 106 cng/chip
216

Phn loi mch tch hp s
SSI
Small Scale Integration
(Mch tch hp c nh)
n < 10
MSI
Medium Scale Integration
(Mch tch hp c trung bnh)
n = 10..100
LSI
Large Scale Integration
(Mch tch hp c ln)
n = 100..1000
VLSI
Very Large Scale Integration
(Mch tch hp c rt ln)
n = 103..106
217

Phn loi mch tch hp s (tip)
Theo bn cht linh kin c s dng:
IC s dng Transistor lng cc:

RTL Resistor Transistor Logic (u vo mc in tr, u ra l
Transistor)
DTL Diode Transistor Logic (u vo mc Diode, u ra l
Transistor)
TTL Transistor Transistor Logic (u vo mc Transistor, u ra
l Transistor)
ECL Emitter Coupled Logic (Transistor ghp nhiu cc emitter)
IC s dng Transistor trng - FET (Field Effect

Transistor)
MOS
CMOS
Metal Oxide Semiconductor

Complementary MOS
218

c tnh in ca IC
Di in p quy nh mc logic
VD: vi chun TTL ta c:
5V
5V
2V
Di in p
khng xc nh
Di in p
khng xc nh
3,5V
0,5V
0.8V
0V
Vo
Ra
0V
219

c tnh in ca IC (tip)
Thi gian truyn: tn hiu truyn t u vo ti u
ra ca mch tch hp phi mt mt khong thi gian
no . Thi gian c nh gi qua 2 thng s:
Thi gian tr
Thi gian chuyn bin
220

Thi gian tr: l thi gian tr thng tin ca u ra so
vi u vo
Vo
Ra
50
% T
LH
H
50%
L
50
%
L
THL
50
%
L
Thi gian tr trung bnh c nh gi:

Ttb = (TLH + THL)/2
221

Thi gian chuyn bin: l thi gian cn thit
chuyn bin t mc 0 ln mc 1 v ngc li.
Thi gian chuyn bin t 0 n 1 cn gi l thi gian thit

lp sn dng
Thi gian chuyn bin t 1 n 0 cn gi l thi gian thit
lp sn m
Trong l thuyt: thi gian chuyn bin bng 0
Trong thc t, thi gian chuyn bin c o bng thi
gian chuyn bin t 10% n 90% gi tr bin cc i.
100
%
90
%
10
%
0
%
tR: thi gian thit lp sn

dng(sn ln)
tR
tF
tF: thi gian thit lp sn

m(sn xung)
222

Cng sut tiu th ch ng:
Ch ng l ch lm vic c tn hiu
L cng sut tn hao trn cc phn t trong vi mch, nn
cn cng nh cng tt.
mW P
Cng sut tiu th
100
ECL
ch ng ph thuc
Tn s lm vic.
Cng ngh ch to:
cng ngh CMOS c
cng sut tiu th thp nht.
TTL
10
CMOS
1
f
0,1
0,1
10
MHz
223

c tnh c ca IC
C 2 loi thng dng:
V trn bng kim loi, s chn < 10

V dt bng gm, cht do, c 3 loi
IC mt hng chn SIP (Single Inline Package) hay SIPP (Single
In-line Pin Package)
IC c 2 hng chn DIP (Dual Inline Package)
IC chn dng li PGA (Pin Grid Array): v vung, chn xung
quanh
224

c tnh c ca IC (tip)
Mt s dng IC:
225

c tnh c ca IC
SIL (Single In Line)
226

c tnh c ca IC
DIL (Dual In Line): s chn t 8 n 64
227

c tnh c ca IC
V hnh vung
228

c tnh nhit ca IC
Mi mt loi IC c ch to s dng mt
iu kin mi trng khc nhau ty theo mc ch
s dng n.
IC dng trong cng nghip: 0C70C

IC dng trong qun s: -55C 125C
229

VD: Phn t AND dng IC
230

VD: Phn t AND dng IC (tip)
231

VD: Phn t OR dng IC
232

VD: Phn t NAND dng IC
233

VD: Phn t NOR dng IC
234

VD: Phn t XOR v XNOR dng IC
235

Cc phn t logic c bn
AND: 74LS08
OR: 74LS32
NOT: 74LS04/05
NAND: 74LS00
NOR: 74LS02
XOR: 74LS136
NXOR: 74LS266
c thm trong ti liu MultiSim

236

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IN T S

Thng tin ging vin

Cung cp cc kin thc c bn v:

To c s cho tip thu cc kin thc

Ti liu tham kho chnh

Np bo co thc hnh km bi thi

Chng 1. Gii thiu v in t s

B mn K thut My tnh, Vin CNTT&TT

Gii thiu v in t s (tip)

Gii thiu v in t s (tip)

Gii thiu v in t s (tip)

H thng s (Digital system)

H thng tng t (Analog system)

Gii thiu v in t s (tip)

Khng cn gi tr chnh xc U, I, ch cn khong cch mc cao thp

C cc mch cht c th gi thng tin lu ty

Vic nng t chnh xc 3 ch s ln 4 ch s n gin ch cn

Gii thiu v in t s (tip)

Gii thiu v in t s (tip)

B mn K thut My tnh, Khoa Cng ngh Thng tin

S dng c cc php ton logic

2.1 H c s - Biu din s m

Bit 0 biu din du +

2.1 H c s - C gia cc HCS

Chuyn sang h c s 10 tng ng:

Chuyn sang h c s 10 tng ng:

Chuyn sang h c s 10 tng ng:

Chuyn sang h c s 10 tng ng:

Chuyn sang h c s 10 tng ng:

= 0*160+14*161+1*162 = 0+224+256 = 480

Chuyn sang h c s 10 tng ng:

Biu din gi tr phn nguyn di dng: r0, r1, r2, r3

Khi chuyn t h c s 10 sang h c s r, chia phn

H c s 10 tng ng ca (12LM.L1) l bao nhiu?

Tng s cc s c 4 ch s trong h c s ny l bao

2.2 Cc php ton s hc

Quy lut c bn ca php cng v tr

2.2 Cc php ton s hc

2.2 Cc php ton s hc

2.2 Cc php ton s hc

2.2 Cc php ton s hc

2.2 Cc php ton s hc

2.2 Cc php ton s hc

2.2 Cc php ton s hc

2.2 Cc php ton s hc

2.2 Cc php ton s hc

2.2 Cc php ton s hc

2.2 Cc php ton s hc

8 bits th kt qu nm ngoi phm vi biu din

2.2 Cc php ton s hc

2.2 Cc php ton s hc

2.2 Cc php ton s hc

2.2 Cc php ton s hc

2.2 Cc php ton s hc

2.2 Cc php ton s hc

2.2 Cc php ton s hc

2.2 Cc php ton s hc

2.2 Cc php ton s hc

2.2 Cc php ton s hc

2.2 Cc php ton s hc

2.2 Cc php ton s hc

2.2 Cc php ton s hc

2.2 Cc php ton s hc

= 0160+14161+1*162 = 0+224+256 = 480