Slide Bai Giang Dien Tu So NTNGA-SV2 PDF

1
Digital Electronics
B mn K thut my tnh
Vin Cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng
Trng H Bch Khoa H Ni
IN T S
Thng tin ging vin
Ging vin: Nguyn Th Thanh Nga
B mn: K thut my tnh Vin CNTT&TT
Email: ngantt@soict.hut.edu.vn
2
3
Ni dung chng 4

4.1. Khi nim
4.2. Thc hin phn t AND, OR dng Diode
4.3. Thc hin phn t NOT dng Transistor
4.4. Cc mch tch hp s
4
4.2. Thc hin phn t AND, OR
Diode:
K hiu:

Chc nng: cho dng in i qua theo 1 chiu t A n K
Hot ng:
Nu U
A
> U
K
th I
AK
> 0, Diode lm vic ch Thng

Nu U
A
U
K
th I
AK
= 0, Diode lm vic ch Tt
A
K
A
K
5
Phn t AND 2 u vo dng Diode
Xt mch hnh bn.
Gi s ly TTL lm chun cho hot
ng ca mch.
Ln lt t in p 0V v 5V vo
2 u vo A v B, sau o in
p ti u ra S, ta c:
S = A.B
6
Phn t OR 2 u vo dng Diode
Xt mch hnh bn.
Gi s ly TTL lm chun cho hot
ng ca mch.
Ln lt t in p 0V v 5V vo 2
u vo A v B, sau o in p ti
u ra S, ta c:
S = A+B
7
Ni dung chng 4

4.1. Khi nim
8
4.3. Thc hin phn t NOT
Transistor lng cc:
C 2 loi: NPN v PNP
Transistor c 3 cc:
B: Base cc gc
C: Collector cc gp
E: Emitter cc pht

Chc nng: Dng khuch i (thng) dng I
C
bng
vic iu khin dng I
B

Hot ng:
I
B
= 0, Transistor lm vic ch khng khuch i (tt), I
C
= 0
I
B
> 0, Transistor lm vic ch khuch i (thng), I
C
= |.I
B
,
trong | l h s khuch i.
NPN
Ic
Ib
Ie
E
B
C
PNP
Ib
Ie
Ic
C
B
E
9
4.3. Thc hin phn t NOT dng
Transistor
Xt mch hnh sau.

Gi s ly TTL lm chun cho hot ng ca mch.
Ln lt t in p 0V v 5V vo u vo A v chn R
b

nh sao cho Transistor thng bo ha, sau o in p ti
u ra S, ta c:
A S =
10
Ni dung chng 4

4.1. Khi nim
11
Cc phn t logic c cu thnh t cc linh kin in t
Cc linh kin in t ny khi kt hp vi nhau thng
dng cc mch tch hp hay cn gi l IC (Integrated
Circuit).
Mch tch hp hay cn gi l IC, chip, vi mch, bo c c
im:
u im: mt linh kin, lm gim th tch, gim trng lng v
kch thc mch.
Nhc im: hng mt linh kin th hng c mch.
C 2 loi mch tch hp:
Mch tch hp tng t: lm vic vi cc tn hiu tng t
Mch tch hp s: lm vic vi cc tn hiu s
12
Phn loi mch tch hp s
Theo mt linh kin:
Tnh theo s lng cng (gate).
Mt cng c khong 210 transistor
VD: cng NAND 2 u vo c cu to t 4 transistor
C cc loi sau:
SSI - Small Scale Integration: cc vi mch c mt tch hp c
nh: < 10 cng/chip
MSI - Medium Scale Integration: cc vi mch c mt tch hp
c trung bnh: 10 100 cng/chip
LSI - Large Scale Integration: cc vi mch c mt tch hp c
ln: 100 1000 cng/chip
VLSI - Very Large Scale Integration: cc vi mch c mt tch
hp c rt ln: 10
3
10
6
cng/chip
ULSI - Ultra Large Scale Integration: cc vi mch c mt tch
hp c cc k ln: > 10
6
cng/chip
Phn loi mch tch hp s
13
SSI
Small Scale Integration
(Mch tch hp c nh)

n < 10

MSI
Medium Scale Integration
(Mch tch hp c trung bnh)

n = 10..100

LSI
Large Scale Integration
(Mch tch hp c ln)

n = 100..1000

VLSI
Very Large Scale Integration
(Mch tch hp c rt ln)

n = 10
3
..10
6

14
Phn loi mch tch hp s (tip)
Theo bn cht linh kin c s dng:
IC s dng Transistor lng cc:
RTL Resistor Transistor Logic (u vo mc in tr, u ra l
Transistor)
DTL Diode Transistor Logic (u vo mc Diode, u ra l
Transistor)
TTL Transistor Transistor Logic (u vo mc Transistor, u ra
l Transistor)
ECL Emitter Coupled Logic (Transistor ghp nhiu cc emitter)
IC s dng Transistor trng - FET (Field Effect
Transistor)
MOS Metal Oxide Semiconductor
CMOS Complementary MOS
15
c tnh in ca IC
Di in p quy nh mc logic
VD: vi chun TTL ta c:
Di in p
khng xc nh
5
V

2
V

0.8
V

0
V

Vo
5
V

3,5
V

0,5
V

0
V

Ra

Di in p
khng xc nh
16
c tnh in ca IC (tip)
Thi gian truyn: tn hiu truyn t u vo ti u
ra ca mch tch hp phi mt mt khong thi gian
no . Thi gian c nh gi qua 2 thng s:
Thi gian tr
Thi gian chuyn bin
17
Thi gian tr: l thi gian tr thng tin ca u ra so
vi u vo
Vo
Ra
L
H
50
%
T
LH

H
L
50
%
50
%
H
L
H
L
T
HL

50%
Thi gian tr trung bnh c nh gi:
Ttb = (T
LH
+ T
HL
)/2
18
Thi gian chuyn bin: l thi gian cn thit
chuyn bin t mc 0 ln mc 1 v ngc li.
Thi gian chuyn bin t 0 n 1 cn gi l thi gian thit
lp sn dng
Thi gian chuyn bin t 1 n 0 cn gi l thi gian thit
lp sn m
Trong l thuyt: thi gian chuyn bin bng 0
Trong thc t, thi gian chuyn bin c o bng thi
gian chuyn bin t 10% n 90% gi tr bin cc i.
100
%
t
R
t
F

90
%
10
%
0
%
t
R
: thi gian thit lp sn
dng(sn ln)
t
F
: thi gian thit lp sn
m(sn xung)
19
Cng sut tiu th ch ng:
Ch ng l ch lm vic c tn hiu
L cng sut tn hao trn cc phn t trong vi mch, nn
cn cng nh cng tt.
Cng sut tiu th
ch ng ph thuc
Tn s lm vic.
Cng ngh ch to:
cng ngh CMOS c
cng sut tiu th thp nht.
MHz
f
0,1
1
10
100
mW
P
TTL
ECL
CMOS
0,1 1 10
20
c tnh c ca IC
C 2 loi thng dng:
V trn bng kim loi, s chn < 10
V dt bng gm, cht do, c 3 loi
IC mt hng chn SIP (Single Inline Package) hay SIPP (Single
In-line Pin Package)
IC c 2 hng chn DIP (Dual Inline Package)
IC chn dng li PGA (Pin Grid Array): v vung, chn xung
quanh
21
c tnh c ca IC (tip)
Mt s dng IC:
22
c tnh c ca IC
SIL (Single In Line)
23
c tnh c ca IC
DIL (Dual In Line): s chn t 8 n 64
24
c tnh c ca IC
V hnh vung
25
c tnh nhit ca IC
Mi mt loi IC c ch to s dng mt
iu kin mi trng khc nhau ty theo mc ch
s dng n.
IC dng trong cng nghip: 0C70C
IC dng trong qun s: -55C 125C
26
VD: Phn t AND dng IC
27
VD: Phn t AND dng IC (tip)
28
VD: Phn t OR dng IC
29
VD: Phn t NAND dng IC
30
VD: Phn t NOR dng IC
31
VD: Phn t XOR v XNOR dng IC
32
Cc phn t logic c bn
AND: 74LS08
OR: 74LS32
NOT: 74LS04/05
NAND: 74LS00
NOR: 74LS02
XOR: 74LS136
NXOR: 74LS266

c thm trong ti liu MultiSim
33
in t s

Chng 5
H T HP

B mn K thut My tnh, Vin CNTT&TT
Trng i hc Bch Khoa H Ni
34
Ni dung chng 5

5.1. Khi nim
5.2. Mt s h t hp c bn
Cc mch s hc c bn
B chn knh
B m ha
B phn knh
B gii m
35
5.1. Khi nim
H t hp l h m tn hiu ra ch ph thuc vo tn
hiu vo ti thi im hin ti
H t hp cn c gi l h khng c nh
H t hp ch cn thc hin bng nhng phn t
logic c bn
36
Ni dung chng 5

5.1. Khi nim
Cc mch s hc c bn
B chn knh
B phn knh
B m ha
B gii m

Cc bc xy dng mt h t hp:
Xc nh yu cu
Xc nh cc bin u vo v u ra
M t mi quan h gia cc bin u vo v u ra
Xy dng bng tht p ng c cc yu cu ca u
vo v u ra
Vit hm Boolean cho cc bin u ra da trn cc bin
u vo
Ti thiu ha hm Boolean
Thc hin mch theo hm ti thiu ha Boolean

37
Cc quy tc khi trin khai phn cng
S dng s lng cng t nht, vi cc cng s dng
u vo ti thiu nht
S lng kt ni l t nht, thi gian tr truyn l nh
nht
Hn ch trong thi gian chuyn mch ca cc cng
khng nn b b qua.
38
39
Ni dung chng 5

5.1. Khi nim
Cc mch s hc c bn
B chn knh
B m ha
B phn knh
B gii m
40
1. Cc mch s hc c bn
a. B cng
b. B tr
c. B nhn
d. B so snh
41
a. B cng
Chc nng: thc hin php cng gia 2 s nh
phn.
Gm c:
B bn tng (Half-Adder)
B cng y (Full-Adder)
B cng nhiu bit
42
Bn tng (Half-Adder)
Bn tng (Half-Adder):
Thc hin php cng gia 2 bit thp nht ca php cng
2 s nh phn.
S khi:
43
Bn tng (Half-Adder)
Bng tht:

Biu thc u ra ph thuc u vo:

44
Bn tng (Half-Adder)
S mch: s dng mt cng XOR cho S v mt cng
AND cho C.
Minh ha
Mch test
45
Bn tng (Half-Adder)
S mch: ch s dng cng NAND.
Minh ha
Mch test
46
Chc nng: thc hin php cng gia 2 bit bt k ca php
cng 2 s nh phn.
S khi:
47
Bng tht:

48
Ti thiu ha hm Boolean:
Lp ba Cc-n cho Sum v C
out
:

Hm ti thiu ha:
49
S mch:
Minh ha
Mch test
50
Xy dng b full-adder t cc b half-adder
51
52
B cng nhiu bit
Chc nng: y l b cng 2 s nh phn 4 bit, kt
qu nhn c l 1 s nh phn 5 bit.
S :
Minh ha
Mch test
53
1. Cc mch s hc c bn
a. B cng
b. B tr
c. B nhn
d. B so snh
54
b. B tr
Chc nng: thc hin php tr gia 2 s nh phn.
Bao gm:
B bn hiu
B tr y
B tr cng
55
B bn hiu (Half-Subtractor)
Dng thc hin php tr gia 2 bit thp nht
trong php tr gia 2 s nh phn
S khi:
D: hiu
B
o
: bit mn
56
Bng tht:


57
S mch: s dng mt cng XOR cho D v mt cng
AND vi u vo A o cho B
o
.
Minh ha
Mch test
58
B tr y (Full-Subtractor)
Chc nng: dng thc hin php tr gia 2 bit bt k
trong php tr 2 s nh phn.
S khi:
59
Bng tht:

60
Ti thiu ha hm Boolean:
Lp ba Cc-n cho Sum v C
out
:

Hm ti thiu ha:
61
S mch:
Minh ha
Mch test
Xy dng b full-subtractor t cc b half-
substractor
62
63
B tr nhiu bit
Chc nng: y l b tr 2 s nh phn 4 bit, kt
qu nhn c l 1 s nh phn 5 bit.
S :
Minh ha
Mch test
64
B tr cng
B tr cng 4 bit:
SUB = 0
A+B
SUB=1
C
in
=1
A-B
Minh ha
Mch test
65
B tr cng
B tr cng 4 bit s dng:
B cng 4 bit
y 7483
B 4 cng XOR
2 u vo 7486:
Minh ha
Mch test
V d 5.1
Cho mch bn cng nh hnh sau vi u vo A, B

V tn hiu u ra ca S v C:
66
V d 5.2
Cho mch sau:

Vit hm Boolean ti thiu ha cho u ra D v B
o
67
V d 5.3
Cho mch sau:

y l mch g?

68
V d 5.4
Thit k mt mch tr cng 8 bit s dng b cng
y 4 bit 7483 v b 4 cng XOR 2 u vo
7486.
69
70
1. Cc mch s hc c bn
a. B cng
b. B tr
c. B nhn
d. B so snh
B nhn (Multipliers)
Chc nng: dng thc hin php nhn gia 2
s nh phn, s dng php cng lp v dch bit.
S khi:

71
2.2 Cc php ton s hc
Thut ton cng v dch bit tri
72
2.2 Cc php ton s hc
Thut ton cng v dch bit phi
73
B nhn (Multipliers)
Chc nng: dng thc hin php nhn gia 2
s nh phn, s dng php cng lp v dch bit.
S khi:

74
75
1. Cc mch s hc c bn
a. B cng
b. B tr
c. B nhn
d. B so snh
76
B so snh
Dng so snh 2 s nh phn
C 2 kiu so snh:
So snh n gin:
Kt qu so snh: bng nhau, khc nhau
So snh y :
Kt qu so snh: ln hn, nh hn, bng nhau
C 2 loi b so snh:
B so snh n gin
B so snh y
77
B so snh n gin
Gi s cn xy dng b so snh n gin 2 s A
v B:
A a
3
a
2
a
1
a
0
B b
3
b
2
b
1
b
0
u ra S
S = 1 <=> A = B
S = 0 <=> A = B
78
B so snh n gin (tip)
Ta c:

Biu thc Boolean:
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0 0
1 1
2 2
3 3
0 0
1 1
2 2
3 3
0 0
1 1
2 2
3 3
b a
b a
b a
b a
b a
b a
b a
b a
b a
b a
b a
b a
B A
) )( )( ( ) (
0 0 1 1 2 2 3 3
b a b a b a b a S =
79
B so snh n gin (tip)
S mch:
80
B so snh y
B so snh 2 bit y :
u vo: 2 bit cn so snh a
i
v b
i
u ra: 3 tn hiu bo kt qu ln hn, nh hn, bng nhau ca 2
bit
a
i
> b
i
<=> G
i
= 1 cn E
i
, L
i
= 0
a
i
< b
i
<=> L
i
= 1 cn E
i
, G
i
= 0
a
i
= b
i
<=> E
i
= 1 cn G
i
, L
i
= 0
S khi:
B so snh
y
a
i
b
i
G
i
L
i
E
i
81
B so snh 2 bit y
Bng tht:

Biu din u ra theo u vo:
i i i
i i i
i i i
b a E
b a L
b a G
=
=
=
.
.
B so snh 2 bit y
S mch:
82
83
B so snh y 2 s nh phn
Cu to: gm cc b so snh 2 bit
C tn hiu CS (Chip Select)
CS = 0, tt c cc u ra = 0 (khng so snh)
CS = 1, hot ng bnh thng

Biu din cc u ra ca b so snh 2 bit theo u
vo:
) ( .
. .
. .
i i i
i i i
i i i
b a CS E
b a CS L
b a CS G
=
=
=
Minh ha
Mch test
V d 5.5
Thit k b so snh y 2 s nh phn 2 bit:
u vo:

u ra:
84
V d 5.5
Biu thc Boolean:
85
V d 5.5
S mch:
86
87
V d 5.6
Thit k b so snh 2 s nh phn 3 bit vi u ra mc
cao khi hai s 3 bit bng nhau. Ch s dng cng NAND.

Biu thc Boolean:
88
V d 5.6
S mch:
Mch test
Minh ha
V d 5.7
Thit k b so snh 2 s nh phn 4 bit:
u vo:

u ra:

Biu thc Boolean:
89
V d 5.7
S mch:
90
91
Ni dung chng 5

5.1. Khi nim
Cc mch s hc c bn
B chn knh
B m ha
B phn knh
B gii m
92
B chn knh
MultiPlexor MUX/data selector
C nhiu u vo tn hiu v 1 u ra
Chc nng: chn 1 tn hiu trong nhiu tn hiu u
vo a ra u ra
93
B chn knh 2-1
S khi:

Tn hiu chn:

Tn hiu ra:
1 0
SI I S Y + =
94
B chn knh 4-1
S khi:

Tn hiu chn:

Tn hiu ra:
B chn knh 4-1
S mch:
95
96
B chn knh 8-1
Tn hiu ra:
B chn knh 8-1
S mch:
97
98
B chn knh 2-1 vi u vo iu khin
S khi:

Tn hiu chn:

Tn hiu ra:
) (
1 0
SI I S EN Y + =
S mch:
99
100
S khi:

Tn hiu chn:

Tn hiu ra:
S mch:
101
S khi: Bng tht
102
S khi: Bng tht
103
Thc hin cc hm Boolean bng b phn knh
Mt trong nhng ng dng ca b phn knh l s
dng n thit k cc hm lgic Boolean.
K thut n gin nht l s dng b phn knh
2
n
-to-1 thit k cc hm Boolean n bin.
u vo tng ng vi cc tch s ca y cc bin
dng b hay khng b (minterm) trong hm Boolean
tng ng vi trng thi lgic 1.
Cc minterm cn li vng mt trong hm Boolean b v
hiu ha bng cch cho cc u vo tng ng trng
thi lgic 0.
104
V d 5.8
Thc hin hm sau:

Trin khai hm f:
105
106
V d 5.8
Bng tht:
107
V d 5.8
S mch:
Thc hin cc hm Boolean bng b phn knh
Ngoi ra, c th s dng b phn knh 2
n
-to-1
thit k cc hm Boolean n+1 bin.
Trong n+1 bin, n bin c kt ni vi cc u vo
chn lc ca MUX, bin cn li c ni vi u vo.
Cc u vo ca b MUX s c thit lp 1 trong 4
trng thi: trng thi lgic 0, 1, bin cn li v b ca
bin cn li.
108
V d 5.9
Thc hin hm sau s dng b MUX 4-1:

Trin khai hm f:
109
110
V d 5.9
Bng tht:
V d 5.9
Chn A kt ni vi u vo, B, C kt ni vi u
chn lc.
Xy dng bng loi:
111
Nu c hai minterm
khng c bi m,
vit 0 di.
Nu c 2 c bi
m, vit 1 di.
Nu 1 trong 2 c
bi m th bin
tng ng c vit
( dng b hoc
khng b).
112
V d 5.9
S mch:
113
V d 5.9
Nu chn B kt ni vi u vo:

S mch:
114
V d 5.9
Nu chn C kt ni vi u vo:

S mch:
B chuyn i song song ni tip s dng MUX
115
116
V d 5.10
Thit k mch ca hm Boolean c dng hi chnh quy nh
sau bng cch s dng b MUX thch hp.
Dng tuyn chnh quy tng ng:

Bng tht:

117
V d 5.10
Nu chn C kt ni vi u vo:

S mch:
118
V d 5.11
Hnh sau m t mt mch s dng MUX 8-1 thc hin
mt hm Boolean 4 bin. Tm hm Boolean tng ng?

119
V d 5.11
Nu chn D kt ni vi u vo:

Hm Boolean tng ng:
120
B MUX nhiu tng
Trng hp s lng u vo IC ca b MUX khng p
ng c nhu cu mong mun, c th ghp mt s b
MUX to ra mt b MUX c s lng u vo ln hn.
Nu s lng u vo cho php 1 IC l 2
n
, s lng u
vo mong mun l 2
N
, s lng MUX cn s dng l 2
N-n
.
Kt ni cc bit nh nht ca cc u vo la chn vi
nhau.
Cc bit cn li ca u vo la chn c s dng
quyt nh bt tt cc IC.
u ra ca cc b MUX c OR vi nhau cho ra kt
qu cui cng.
121
V d 5.12
S dng 2 b MUX 8to-1 thit k b MUX 16-to-1 vi
u vo tch cc mc thp.
122
Ni dung chng 5

5.1. Khi nim
Cc mch s hc c bn
B chn knh
B m ha
B phn knh
B gii m
123
B m ha
M ha l vic s dng k hiu biu din c
trng cho mt i tng no .
K hiu tng ng vi mt i tng c gi l
t m.
V d:
124
B m ha
B m ha cng l mt b chn knh vi 2
n
(hoc
t hn) u vo v n u ra.
Thc hin vic m ha cc tn hiu tng ng vi
cc i tng thnh cc t m nh phn.

V d:
i tng T m B
m
ha

tn
hiu

tn
hiu

B m
ha

A

B

C

D

S
0

S
1

125
B m ha u tin
L mt dng thc t ca b m ha.
Mi u vo c gn cho mt u tin.
Khi c nhiu u vo th u vo c u tin cao
nht s c m ha.
126
V d 5.13
Thit k b m ha 8 2 vi mc u tin cao
hn dnh cho cc bit v tr cao.
Bng tht ca b m ha:
127
V d 5.13
S mch:
128
V d 5.14
Thit k b m ha 4 2 vi u vo v u ra tch
cc mc cao, mc u tin cao hn dnh cho
cc bit v tr cao.
Bng tht:
129
V d 5.14
Hm Boolean:

S mch:
130
Bi tp
Hy thit k b m ha cho mt bn phm gm c
9 phm vi gi thit trong mt thi im ch c duy
nht 1 phm c nhn.
M ha bn phm:
Mi phm c gn mt t m khc nhau.
Khi mt phm c nhn, b m ha s cho ra u ra l
t m tng ng gn cho phm .
131
Ni dung chng 5

5.1. Khi nim
Cc mch s hc c bn
B chn knh
B m ha
B phn knh
B gii m
132
B phn knh
DeMultiPlexor DeMUX
C n u vo tn hiu v 2
n
u ra
Chc nng: a tn hiu t u vo ti 1 trong
nhng u ra
133
B phn knh 1-2
S khi:

Tn hiu chn:

E

C
0

S
0

S
1

134
B phn knh 1-4
S khi:

Tn hiu chn:

E

C
1

C
0

S
0
S
1
S
2
S
3

135
V d 5.15
Thit k b phn knh 1 - 2
Bng tht:

Biu thc u ra:
E C S
E C S
0 1
0 0
=
=
136
Bi tp
Tm hiu hot ng ca bn phm my tnh n
gin
137
B gii m
Chc nng:
B gii m thc hin chc nng ngc vi b m ha.
Cung cp thng tin u ra khi u vo xut hin t hp
cc bin nh phn ng vi 1 hay nhiu t m c
chn.
T t m xc nh c tn hiu tng ng vi i
tng m ha.
B gii m
T m
Tn hiu xc
nh i tng
138
B gii m
Gii m cho 1 t m:
Nguyn l: ng vi mt t hp cn gii m u vo th
u ra bng 1, cc t hp u vo cn li, u ra bng 0.
VD: S = 1 nu (AB) = (10), S = 0 nu (AB) (10)

Gii m cho ton b m:
Nguyn l: ng vi mt t hp no u vo th 1
trong cc u ra bng 1, cc u ra cn li bng 0.
A

B
S
B
G
M
A

B
S
0

S
1

S
2

S
3

B
G
M
139
V d 5.16
B gii m BCD: m ha s nguyn thp phn
bng nh phn
140
V d 5.16
Xc nh u vo v u ra:
Vo: t m nh phn 4 bit ( c 16 t hp)
Ra: cc tn hiu tng ng vi cc s nh phn m t m m ha
Ta ch s dng 10 t hp, cn 6 t hp khng s dng n
c coi l khng xc nh.
B gii
m BCD
A
B
C
D
S
0
S
1
S
2
S
9
.
.
.
BCD Binary Coding Decimal
V d 5.16
Bng tht:
141
V d 5.16
Tm biu thc ca tng u ra: S
0
v S
1
142
V d 5.16
2
v S
3
143
V d 5.16
4
v S
5
144
V d 5.16
6
v S
7
145
V d 5.16
8
v S
9
146
V d 5.16
S mch:
147
Thc hin cc hm Boolean bng b gii m
B gii m c th c s dng thc hin mt
hm Boolean. B gii m to ra s lng hi cn
thit v sau s dng mt cng OR to ra
tng cc hi.
148
V d 5.17
Thc hin hm sau s dng b gii m:

S mch:
149
150
B gii m nhiu tng
Trng hp s lng u vo v u ra ca b gii m
khng p ng c nhu cu mong mun, c th ghp
mt s b gii m to ra mt b gii m c s lng u
vo v u ra ln hn.
Nu s lng u vo cho php 1 IC l 2
n
, s lng u
vo mong mun l 2
N
, s lng b gii m cn s dng l
2
N-n
.
Kt ni cc bit nh nht ca cc u vo vi nhau.
Cc bit cn li ca u vo la chn c s dng
quyt nh bt tt cc IC.
u ra ca cc b gii m c ghp li vi nhau thnh
u ra cui cng.
V d 5.18
Xy dng b gii m 4-16 s dng 2 b gii m 3-
8 c u vo tch cc mc thp.
151
V d 5.19
Thc hin b cng y s dng b gii m 3-8.
Bng tht:
152
V d 5.19
Hm Boolean:

S mch:
153
V d 5.20
Mt mch c xy dng bi hm:

Xy dng mch ny vi b gii m thch hp v
cng OR/NOR bn ngoi sao cho s lng u
vo l nh nht?
154
Bi tp
Thit k mch p ng hm sau S dng:
B chn knh 8-1
B chn knh 4-1

Thit k b chn knh 32-1 s dng cc b chn
knh 8-1 v b gii m 2-4.

155

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