RUNNING HEAD: ANNOTATIVE BIBLIOGRAPHIES 1

Annotative Bibliographies
Kimberly Michelle Rivera
University Of Texas at El Paso


RUNNING HEAD: ANNOTATIVE BIBLIOGRAPHIES

Carlson, P. (2009). Protein. In A.F Smith (Ed.), The complete vegetarian: The essential
guide to good health (pp. ). Urbana and Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press.
In this chapter the author explains that most American diets significantly exceed
recommendations on protein intake with no evidence to show excess protein is beneficial.
She states that even though plant protein is said to be sub-par compared to animal protein,
this argument has been rejected the past ten years. She concludes that vegetarians have
slightly higher protein needs due to the fact plant proteins are less well-digested than
animal proteins, but that these needs are met on vegetarian diets. Research showed that
vegetarians meet protein needs.
This chapter shows very high credibility. Not only was this published by a person with a
MPH and a RD, she used research to get her point across. She uses tables to make
research clear and provides a page full of her references.
This can be used by a vegetarian to improve their intake of protein and better understand
how much protein they need. This can also help someone understand how protein in
absorbed in our bodies.
Coogan, T., (2013, March 24). Opinion: The case against vegetarianism. In the Gavel.
Retrieved October 26, 2014. From http://bcgavel.com/2013/03/24/opinion-the-case-
against-vegetarianism/
In this article Tim Coogan tell his viewpoint on vegetarianism sating that this lifestyle
limits your life. A major point he makes is how vegetarians can be limited when it comes
to menu, grocery and recipe options. Coogan says that vegetarians can easily reach for
RUNNING HEAD: ANNOTATIVE BIBLIOGRAPHIES

things like potato chips instead of vegetables which can in turn can make a person feel
slow and contribute to gaining weight. Coogan commends vegetarians for their
commitment but states that meat should still be eaten in moderation and bought from
higher quality meat markets.
This article was written to express the opinion of a Tim Coogan. This source can be
question on its reliability due to the fact that it is stated to be opinion but does make
relevant key points.
This article can be used to inform a person struggling with their lifestyle choice on
whether to be a vegetarian or not. It would be very recommended to hear an opinion
against the topic of vegetarianism.
Chiu, J.F, Hsieh, C.C, Lan, S.J, Su, I.H, Wang, P.W, Yang C.Y, Yao, J.W. (1997). Long-Term
Vegetarian Diet and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Taiwanese Women.
Calcified Tissue International. 60(3), 245-249.
This study examined bone density among postmenopausal Buddhist nuns and female
religious followers of Buddhism in southern Taiwan. They compared the measurements
of characteristics including age, body mass, physical activity, nutrient intake, and
participants had to be vegetarian. These can be used to determine significant predictors of
the osteopenia status. It was found that long-term vegetarians were found to be at a higher
risk of exceeding lumbar spine fracture threshold and of being classified as having
osteopenia of the femoral neck.
This study can be viewed as very reliable due to the information being collected by
doctors. Where they work can be found at the top of the study.
RUNNING HEAD: ANNOTATIVE BIBLIOGRAPHIES

This study can be used to educate people on the long-term effects of being a vegetarian.
This knowledge should in used in a medical journal to inform the public.
Ellenbogen, G. (1986). Oral Sadism and the Vegetarian Personality. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
In the book Oral Sadism and the Vegetarian Personality, Glenn Ellenbogen explains how
vegetarianism is just basically a countercultural rebellion that will eventually fade.
Ellenbogen uses satirical comedy to bring forth many points on how vegetarianism does
not benefit the human mind or health, only bringing detriment onto that person and their
role in society. In his work, Ellenbogen uses many examples where he compares the
vegetarian mind to that of a dead person, stating, "One hundred percent of all dead
patients showed a marked reluctance to pay their bills." He then goes on to explain this
comparison by telling how people who are reluctant to eat meat are not helping the food
chain flourish as it was designed to do, but actually hinder its growth and progress.
This book was written in an attempt to shed some comedic light on the topic of
vegetarianism, and explain that although there may be many positive attributes to the
choice of not eating meat, the negative attributes are far greater to not only the person
participating in it, but the society as a whole. This source can be deemed reliable due to
the fact that Ellenbogen is a certified psychologist and has done many studies on the
topic.
Overall, this book could be very helpful to the general reader or person who is in the
process of deciding whether to become a vegetarian or not. It provides many valid points
to the reader on the stance why not to be a vegetarian.
Enck, P., Frick, J-S., Klosterhalfen, S., Lange, B., Rusch, K., Sauer, H., Schwiertz, A., Zimmer,
RUNNING HEAD: ANNOTATIVE BIBLIOGRAPHIES

J., Zimmermann, K. (2012). Vegan or vegetarian diet substantially alters the human
colonic faecal microbiota. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 66(1), 53-60.
Colonic faecal microbiota is the intestinal microbiota represents the largest and the most
complex microbial inhabiting the human body. Fecal matter was tested in vegans,
vegetarians and omnivorea as they took in account age and gender for each test. They
concluded that keeping a strict vegan or vegetarian diet results in a huge shift in the
microbiota while total cell numbers remain the same which is perfectly healthy.
In the academic journal it is stated that the authors do not report any potential conflict of
interest in there research pertaining any aspect possible. The credibility if this journal in
very high and can be trusted by any professional or student.
This study can be used to help a gastroenterologist who has to deal with many different
diets.
Harris, P.L., Hussar, K.M. (2010). Children Who Choose Not to Eat Meat
A Study of Early Moral Decision-making. Social Development. 19 (3), 627-641.
Harris and Hussar based this study on one basic question: Can young children frame
their own choices in terms of moral considerations, particularly when those choices do
not match the practices of immediate authority figures? They asked children ranging
from six to ten years of age about their independent vegetarianism- those who chose to be
vegetarians even when their parents are non-vegetarian. When asked why they made this
dietary choice, their answers compared those of children who were raised by vegetarians.
The only difference is independent vegetarians did not condone meat-eaters like most
raised vegetarians. In this study they also asked meat-eating children about their eating
RUNNING HEAD: ANNOTATIVE BIBLIOGRAPHIES

habits. They concluded that most independent vegetarians chose their diet because of
moral values while raised vegetarian also did feel that way but few blamed religion and
their practices.
In this study children were only asked why they had the diets they had. No information
was given to any child to persuade any child therefore the ethos was high with such a
good line of credibility.
This study can be helpful for vegetarian parents when it comes to trying to decide
whether they should raise their kids as vegetarians or let them make that choice
themselves.
Paleo Leap (2014, January 16) How Vegetarianism is Bad for You and the Environment. In
Paleo Leap. Retrieved October 23, 2014. From http://paleoleap.com/vegetarianism-bad-
environment/
The unknown author from Paleo Leap emphasizes how unhealthy a vegetarian diet can
be. The author states that vegetarians have to get their calories from other sources than
meat and end up eating larger portions of soy, wheat or other grain-based products. Tofu,
soy milk, breads and etc. can be toxic and lead to a high carbohydrates which could
contribute to high insulin levels, weight gain and diabetes in the long term. The author
concludes by saying that meat protein provides a lot of nutrients that are available in a
much greater quantity and can be easily absorbed.
This source can be reliable in the sense that the author states they has been a vegetarian
before and had negatively been affected by it. Other contributing factor is the reputation
of Paleo Leap from a health website point of view.
RUNNING HEAD: ANNOTATIVE BIBLIOGRAPHIES

The goal of this source was to inform people of the standpoint of vegetarianism from
someone with experience. This can be applied to anyone trying to learn about the
vegetarian diet.
Parashar, A., Sharma, R.K., Sharma S. (2014). Comparison of the nutritional status
and outcome in thermal burn patients receiving vegetarian and non-vegetarian
diets. Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery. 47(2), 236-241.
A study was conducted in 42 patients suffering from 10% to 50% of 2nd and 3rd
degree burns with the focus on comparing nutritional status, outcome, and cost-
effectiveness of vegetarian and non-vegetarian diets. The patients were divided
into two groups depending upon their diets before their accidents. Total daily
calories were calculated by Curreri formula. Both groups were compared by
biochemical parameters, microbiological investigations, weight, status of wound
healing, graft take, and hospital stay and they were followed for at least 60 days
post burn. In conclusion, the vegetarian diet was found to be more effective.
Hence, the vegetarian diet remains a safe and good option for the patients
suffering from a burn injury.
The credibility of this study is very high with due to the facts that it is relatively
new, and is has a page dedicated to sources that contributed. There is also a
section that states where the authors received their degree.
This study van be used to promote the pros of a vegetarian diet. You should find
this study helpful while reporting the issue of vegetarianism.

RUNNING HEAD: ANNOTATIVE BIBLIOGRAPHIES

Citation Page
Carlson, P. (2009). Protein. In A.F Smith (Ed.), The complete vegetarian: The essential
guide to good health (pp. ). Urbana and Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press.
Coogan, T., (2013, March 24). Opinion: The case against vegetarianism. In the Gavel.
Retrieved October 26, 2014. From http://bcgavel.com/2013/03/24/opinion-the-case-
against-vegetarianism/
Chiu, J.F, Hsieh, C.C, Lan, S.J, Su, I.H, Wang, P.W, Yang C.Y, Yao, J.W. (1997). Long-Term
Vegetarian Diet and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Taiwanese Women.
Calcified Tissue International. 60(3), 245-249.
Ellenbogen, G. (1986). Oral Sadism and the Vegetarian Personality. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
Enck, P., Frick, J-S., Klosterhalfen, S., Lange, B., Rusch, K., Sauer, H., Schwiertz, A., Zimmer,
J., Zimmermann, K. (2012). Vegan or vegetarian diet substantially alters the human
colonic faecal microbiota. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 66(1), 53-60.
Harris, P.L., Hussar, K.M. (2010). Children Who Choose Not to Eat Meat
A Study of Early Moral Decision-making. Social Development. 19 (3), 627-641.
Paleo Leap (2014, January 16) How Vegetarianism is Bad for You and the Environment. In
Paleo Leap. Retrieved October 23, 2014. From http://paleoleap.com/vegetarianism-bad-
environment/
Parashar, A., Sharma, R.K., Sharma S. (2014). Comparison of the nutritional status
RUNNING HEAD: ANNOTATIVE BIBLIOGRAPHIES

and outcome in thermal burn patients receiving vegetarian and non-vegetarian diets.
Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery. 47(2), 236-241.