Bo v, s dng hiu qu ti nguyn quc gia, ci thin mi

trng t nhin
1. nh gi thc trng
1.1 Nhng thnh tu t c
H thng chnh sch, php lut tng bc c xy dng v hon thin,
nh du bng vic Quc hi thng qua Lut Bo v mi trng nm 2005
v Lut a dng sinh hc nm 2008, nhiu Ngh nh ca Chnh Ph,
Quyt nh ca Th tng Chnh ph v bo v mi trng ca cc cp,
cc ngnh v ca cng ng x hi c nng ln ng k.
H thng vn bn quy phm php lut v Bo v Mi trng c c
th ha. c nhiu vn bn hng dn c th (Ngh nh, Thng t,)
iu chnh cc lnh vc Bo v Mi trng nh: kim sot nhim; qun l
cht thi; qun l mi trng bin v hi o; quan trc v thng tin mi
trng; pht trin cng ngh; x hi ha cng tc Bo v Mi trng H
thng Quy chun k thut v mi trng cng c r sot, sa i v ban
hnh p ng cc yu cu thc tin.
Vn to hnh lang php l cho cng tc bo v mi trng trong qun l
vng, lnh vc lin ngnh c ch trng hn mt bc, thng qua vic
ph duyt hng lot cc quy hoch, n v chng trnh.
Trong cc lnh vc thuc thm quyn qun l, cc b, ngnh c lin quan
cng ban hnh v trnh Chnh ph nhiu cc vn bn, to c s php l
cho cc hot ng Bo v Mi trng.
Ti cc a phng, rt nhiu cc vn bn quy phm php lut, chng
trnh, k hoch c xy dng v trin khai thc hin.
Xy dng v hon thin h thng qun l mi trng chuyn ngnh
T chc b my ca h thng qun l mi trng t Trung ng n a
phng tng bc c tng cng, cng c v kin ton.
Thnh lp Qu Bo v Mi trng Vit Nam v ngy cng m rng nh
hng v tr thnh a ch xanh c nhiu nh u t mi trng quan
tm. Hng nm, Qu mi trng ton cu (GEF) cng u t mt phn
kinh ph khng nh cho hoat ng bo v mi trng ca Vit Nam.
Thnh lp lc lng cnh st phng, chng ti phm v mi trng. Qua
thc tin hot ng, cng tc u tranh phng chng ti phm v mi
trng mang li hiu qu kinh t - x hi tt, gp phn phng nga gim
thiu nhim, suy thoi mi trng.
Cc kt qu nghin cu t cc chng trnh, d n, ti khoa hc cng
ngh v mi trng tng bc c chuyn giao, ng dng vo thc
tin cuc sng. Hot ng khoa hc v cng ngh cung cp lun c khoa
hc gp phn hon chnh h thng chnh sch, php lut v qun l mi
trng, xy dng h thng cc tiu chun, quy chun k thut quc gia v
mi trng, xc lp h thng cc tiu ch nh gi, nng cao cht lng
thng tin trong cng tc quan trc, d bo v nh gi cht lng mi
trng.
Xy dng cc chng trnh, k hoch u t tng cng c s vt cht,
iu kin nghin cu khoa hc v cng ngh, cc vin nghin cu, cc
phng th nghim trng im, trung tm phn tch mi trng t tiu
chun, huy ng ti a cc ngun lc, khai thc v s dng c hiu qu
nng lc khoa hc ca cc cn b nghin cu v h thng thit b nghin
cu thuc nhiu ngnh khoa hc khc nhau.
T chc nhiu hot ng phong tro hng ng cc s kin mi trng ln
nh: chng trnh Gi tri t, Tun l nc sch v v sinh mi
trng Bn cnh cn c cc cuc thi v mi trng c t chc
thnh cng , phong tro tnh nguyn bo v mi trng pht trin su rng
trong thanh nin, hc sinh, sinh vin v cc thnh phn khc trong x hi.
t c s cam kt, tha thun hp tc v h tr t cc nh ti tr trong
lnh vc mi trng. y mnh cc hot ng hp tc quc t a phng,
song phng, tch cc tham gia cc Cng c quc t lin quan trong lnh
vc mi trng.
1.2 Nhng mt hn ch cn tn t
Trong qu trnh thc thi cc b lut, bc l mt s mu thun, chng
cho trong cc quy nh ca Lut Bo v Mi trng vi mt s o lut
chuyn ngnh nh Lut Quy hoch th, Lut u t, Lut Xy dng,
Lut Ti nguyn nc.
C rt nhiu quy nh php lut khng th p dng trong thc t hoc p
dng khng hiu qu, do nhng quy nh ny khng hp l, cha m bo
tnh khoa hc cao. L trnh chuyn i cc tiu chun mi trng sang quy
chun mi trng theo quy nh cha ph hp
Cha cp n bin i kh hu, ang tr thnh vn mang tnh ton
cu, c tc ng mnh m ti mi trng.
H thng tiu chun, quy chun k thut v mi trng cn cha y .
Mt s tiu chun, quy chun ban hnh cng khng ph hp vi iu
kin hin ti.
Ch ti x l i vi cc hnh vi vi phm php lut v Bo v Mi trng
cn hn ch. Cc quy nh v ti phm hnh s cn kh thc thi do cha c
c ch xc nh r ch th thc hin cc hnh vi vi phm php lut v Bo
v Mi trng
Cn kh nhiu cc vn bn khng r rng v kh hiu khng ch i vi
cc doanh nghip v cn i vi c cc cp chnh quyn, nht l chnh
quyn a phng. C kh nhiu cc quy nh c hiu khc nhau dn n
vic v tnh hoc c hiu sai trong p dng.
Trong qun l mi trng lin ngnh cn mt s im trng lp, cha phn
nh r rng v chc nng, nhim v.
S phi hp gia cc B, ngnh, cc c quan v gia cc a phng cn
yu, s phn nh nhim v cha r, cha thng nht v quan im dn
n s hp tc thiu cht ch. Mt s t chc thnh lp n nay khong
cn hot ng hoc hot ng cha thc s hiu qu.
B my qun l mi trng a phng v c s cha tng xng vi
khi lng cng vic.
Thiu cc chuyn gia su trong tng lnh vc v cha c ch , chnh sch
i ng cho i ng ny. Trnh ca mt s cn b, cng chc, vin chc
cn cha theo kp yu cu ca cng tc qun l nh nc v mi trng,
cha p ng yu cu ca cng cuc ci cch hnh chnh nh nc. Trch
nhim hnh chnh cn yu, cha nghim,
Ngun chi thng xuyn ca ngn sch nh nc do hot ng bo v mi
trng cn t, cha p ng yu cu thc t v vic s dng kinh ph ny
cn dn tri, km hiu qu. Thiu c ch khuyn khch v huy ng vn t
cc thnh phn kinh t trong nhn dn, cc doanh nghip cha ch trng
u t kinh ph cho cng tc bo v mi trng.
Lc lng thanh tra mi trng cn t, nng lc chuyn mn cn hn ch,
cha p ng c yu cu ca nhim v, cn b rng buc bi cc th tc
hnh chnh, s phi hp gia cc cp v cc n v c lin quan cha tht
cht ch.
u t cho nghin cu khoa hc v cng ngh v mi trng cn dn tri,
cha thc s mang li hiu qu cn thit, mt s chng trnh, d n, ti
khoa hc v cng ngh t cht lng khng cao, khng kh thi khi chuyn
giao, p dng vo thc tin. Cng ngh mi trng cha c u t v h
tr pht trin t ngang tm khu vc v hi nhp quc t.
C s vt cht, my mc, trang thit b ca cc t chc khoa hc cng ngh
cn thiu, lc hu, khng ng b; chnh sch i ng, thu ht nhn lc cn
hn ch lm gia tng tnh trng chy mu cht xm. S lng cc pht
minh, sng ch, cng trnh khoa hc c ng k s hu tr tu cng b
trn cc tp ch quc t cha nhiu.
Hp tc quc t ch yu c trin khai cc c quan Trung ng v mt
s thnh ph ln, cha trin khai su rng n cc i tng khc. Nng
lc i ng cn b qun l v trin khai d n cn thiu v s lng v yu
v cht lng, trnh ngoi ng v kinh nghim hot ng v k nng
hp tc quc t cn hn ch.
2. Gii php kin ngh