Cell Structures and Function

Framework of the Cell

Cell Membrane
Thin membrane (lipid bilayer) that
surrounds the cell and controls what
enters and leaves the cell.
Cell Wall
Rigid structure (made of cellulose) found
in plant cells that helps support and
protect the plant.
Found outside of the cell membrane.
Cytoskeleton
Support structure that helps the cell
maintain its shape and size.
Cytoplasm
Jelly-like substance which contains the
various organelles of the cell. (Stretches
from the cell membrane to the nucleus.)
Directing Cellular Activity
Nucleus
Directs most of the activities in the cell,
and contains most of the cells genetic
information.
Nucleolus center portion of the nucleus
where ribosomes are produced.
Chromatin uncoiled DNA located
within the nucleus.
Ribosome
Site of protein synthesis in the cell.
Protein Processing
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Functions as the pathway through which
molecules move from one part of the cell
to another.
Rough ER the sections with
ribosomes attached

Smooth ER the sections without
ribosomes attached
Golgi Apparatus
The processing, packaging, and secreting
organelle of the cell.
Vesicle the portion of the golgi appartus
that gets pinched off forming a little pouch
Storage and Maintenance
Lysosome
Small organelle that contain the cells
digestive enzymes.
Vacuoles
Organelles that store water, enzymes and
metabolic waste.
CENTRAL VACUOLE - a large vacuole only
found in plants.
Energy Production
Mitochondria
An organelle that produces ATP (energy).
The site of cellular respiration.
Chloroplast
In plant cells, organelles that use light to
make glucose for the cell.
Where photosynthesis occurs.
Cell Movement
Cilium and Flagellum
Cilia hair-like organelles that extend from
the surface, and assist in movement.
Flagella whip-like tail that extends from
the surface, and assists in movement.