Industrial Minerals HandBook

2550
.. 2537

2550
(Antimony)
(Asbestos)
(Ball Clay)
(Barite)
(Bauxite)
(Bentonite)
(Calcite)
(Chromite)
(Coal)
- (Columbium-Tantalum)
(Diatomite)
(Dolomite)
(Emery)
(Feldspar)
(Fire clay)
(Fluorite or Fluorspar)
(Glass sand)
(Graphite)
(Granite)
(Gypsum)
(Ilmenite)
(Iron)
(China clay or Kaolin)
(Lead)
(Leucoxene)
(Limestone)
(Magnesite)
1
5
8
17
25
28
34
39
45
51
57
63
66
68
74
77
84
94
96
103
111
118
131
145
149
151
159
(Manganese)
(Marble)
(Marl)
(Mica)
(Monazite)
(Phosphate)
(Potash)
(Pyrophyllite)
(Quartz)
(Rock salt)
(Rutile)
(Shale)
(Struverite)
(Talc)
(Tin)
(Titanium)
(Yttrium)
(Tungsten)
(Zinc)
(Zircon)
164
178
180
181
188
191
199
205
213
216
220
226
228
230
238
240
242
249
252
260
(Antimony)
Native semimetals Sb

360C 1,380C 8.697 /.. ( 26C)
Moh 3.0-3.5
Compound
Antimony, metatlic
Antimony oxychloride
Antimony pentoxide
Antimony trichloride
Synonyms
Antimony regulus
Basic antimony chloride
Powder of Algaroth
Mercuruis vitae
Antimonic oxide
Antimony (V) oxide
Stibic anhydride
Antimonic acid
Butter of antimony
Antimony (III) chloride
Antimonous chloride
Anthimony chloride
Formulas
Sb
SbOCI
Sb2O5
SbCl3
Compound
Antimony trioxide
Antimony trisulfide
Sodium antimonate
Sibine
Synonyms
Formulas
Sb2O3
Anitmony oxide
Antimony (III) oxide
Diantimony trioxide
Antimony bloom
Flowers of antimony
Stibnite
Antimony sulfide, native
Antimony glance
Needle antimony
Liquated antimony
Antimony gray
Antimony sesquisulfide
Sodlum meta-antimonate
Leukonin
Antimony hydride
Sb2S3
NaSbO3
SbH3
(Sibnite, Sb2S3)

Sb2S3
Sb
S
71.4
28.6
2
4.52-4.62
(Stibiconite, Sb2O4.H2O
H2Sb2O5) (Hydrous
oxide of Antimony)
Sb2O4.H2O
Sb
74.80
O
19.66
H2O
5.50

4-5.5
5.58
(Sb2S3)
(alloy) (type
metal) (pewter) (Sb2O3) (Pigment)
1. ASTM (American society for Testing Materials)
: ASTM B237-81
(Sb)
(As)
(S)
(Pb)
,
,
,
,
,
99.8
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.05
99.5
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
2.
2.1 (Lump sulphide ore)
(Sb)
60.0
2.2 (Antimony oxide)
(Sb2O3)
99.5
3.
3.1 ()
(Sb)
45.0-53.10
(Pb)
0.03-0.20
(As)
0.12-0.20
(S)
0.41-3.0
3.2
(Sb)
50.57
(Pb)
0.61
(As)
0.26
(S)
20.36
4. (.
473-2526)
1
2
0.60
(Pb)
0.20
0.10
0.10
(S)
0.35
0.10
(As)
0.10
0.10
(Ag)
0.10
0.10
(Cu)
0.10
0.10
(Fe)
0.10
0.10
(Ni)
0.10
0.10
(Sn)
99.0
99.6
(Sb)
(Asbestos)

2
1. Serpentine Chrysotile
2. Amphibole 5 Crocidolite, Amosite,
Anthophyllite, Tremolite Actinolite
1. Chrysotile (Hydrated magnesium

silicate)
Mg6[(HO)4Si2O5]2
MgO
SiO2
H2O
Fe Al
39-44
37-44
12-15
2.5-4
2.4-2.6
2. Crocidolite blue asbestos riebeckite

(Complex sodium iron silicate)
Na2Fe5[(OH)Si4 O11]2
49-53
SiO2
FeO
13-20
Fe2O3
17-20
Na2O
4.0-6.5
2.5-4.5
H2O
MgO
0-3

4
3.2-3.3
3. Amosite () grunerite (Iron
magnesium silicate)
MgFe6[(OH)Si4O11]2
SiO2
49-53
FeO
34-44
MgO
1-7
2-9
Al2O3
H2O
2-5
Ca Na

5.5-6.0
3.1-3.25
4. Anthophyllite
(Mg,Fe)7[(OH)Si4O11]2
SiO2
56-58
MgO
28-34
FeO
3-12
Al2O3
0.5-1.5
1-6
H2O
5.5-6.0
2.85-3.1
5. Tremolite
Ca2 (Mg,Fe)5[OH)Si4O11]2
SiO2
53-62
MgO
0-30
CaO
0-18
0-9
Na2O
Al2O3
1-4
H2O
0-5
FeO
1.5-5

5.5
2.9-3.2
6. Actinolite
Ca2 (Mg,Fe)5[(OH)Si4O11]2

6
3.0-3.2
Chrysotile
Crocidolite
Amosite
Tremolite
Actinolite
2-11
Anthophyllit
e
1.
(Fiber length)
2. (Tensile strength),
/.
3. (Flexibility)
4. (Resistance to heat)
5. (Resistance to
acids and alkalies)
6.
(Spinnability)
7.
(Electric charge)
80,000100,000
100,000300,000
16,00090,000
4,000
1,000-8,000
1,000
(Ball Clay)
Ball clay
Kaolinite (Kaolin) Ball Clay
Strength

325 5
(Ball Clay) (Kaolinite)
(Disordered Kaolinite)
(Illite), (Montmorillonite) (Carbonaceous)
, (High
Plasticity)
(Long Vitrification)

1.
1.1 ECC Ball Clays Ltd
- Bovey Basin (South Devon)
- Petrockstow Basin (North Devon)
- Wareham area (Dorsed)
Hywite Titan
(i)
46.0
31.0
1.1
0.9
0.4
0.4
2.1
0.3
18.0
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
(Fe2O3)
(TiO2)
(MgO)
(CaO)
(K2O)
(Na2O)
(Loss on ignition)
1,120C
76
(Fired brightness, 1,120C)
(Pyrometric Cone Equivalent
35
Seger cone No.)
(i) Devon clay, mainly tableware
(ii) Dorset clay, mainly tableware, sanitaryware
(iii) Devon clay, mainly tiles
Hymod Prima
(ii)
54.0
30.0
1.4
1.2
0.4
0.3
3.1
0.5
8.7
Hyplas 7l
(iii)
70.0
19.0
0.8
1.6
0.4
0.2
1.9
0.3
5.4
59 64
31-32
27-28
10
1.2 Watts Blake Bearne & Co.PLC (WBB)

- Bovey Basin (South Devon)
- petrockstow Basin (North Devon)
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
(Fe2O3)
(TiO2)
(MgO)
(CaO)
(K2O)
(Na2O)
(Loss on ignition)
1,120C
Seger cone No.)
(i) Standard blend
(ii) Composite blend
(iii) Refined ball clay
Anglo No 1
(i)
61.9
25.0
1.3
1.3
0.3
0.2
1.8
0.2
8.0
68
30
Viblend
(ii)
52.0
31.3
1.0
1.0
0.4
0.2
2.1
0.3
11.6
Sanblend
(iii)
53.4
29.8
1.0
1.2
0.3
0.2
2.1
0.3
11.7
76 68
33
33
11
2.
2.1 H.C.Spinks Clay Co.Inc. Tennessee
2.2 Industrial Minerals products Inc./Hammill & Gillespic Inc.
HC 5
(i)
60.72
25.96
1.31
1.40
0.24
0.08
0.16
0.17
10.02
HC 52
(ii)
59.16
27.17
1.15
1.52
0.27
0.22
0.28
0.14
10.16
Albany Slip
(iii)
57.64
14.66
5.20
0.80
2.68
5.78
3.25
0.80
9.46
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
(Fe2O3)
(TiO2)
(MgO)
(CaO)
(K2O)
(Na2O)
(Loss on ignition)
1,120C
32+
32+
Seger cone No.)
(i) H.C. Spinks Clay Co., whiteware industry
(ii) H.C. Spinks Clay Co., whiteware industry
(iii) Industrial Minerals Products Inc./Hammill & Gillespie Inc., slip glazing of electrical porcelain
and sewer-pipes
12
3.
FT-D
(i)
66.4
22.1
1.3
1.4
0.4
0.2
2.1
0.2
5.9
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
(Fe2O3)
(TiO2)
(MgO)
(CaO)
(K2O)
(Na2O)
(Loss on ignition)
(i) fuchssche Tongruben
(ii) Fuchssche Tongruben
(iii) Stephan Schmidt, cream firing caly
(iv) Goerg & Schneider, Keramicher Ton
(v) Marx Bergbau, refractory clay
FT-RB
(ii)
58.9
22.6
6.1
1.2
0.8
0.4
2.6
0.2
7.2
303
(iii)
76.3
19.3
0.81
1.51
0.31
0.01
1.44
0.14
7.11
1554
(iv)
66.4
22.1
1.1
1.0
0.1
0.3
3.0
6.0
44/46
(v)
41.8
38.7
1.8
1.8
0.2
0.3
2.2
0.3
13.00
13
4.
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
(Fe2O3)
(TiO2)
(MgO)
(CaO)
(K2O)
(Na2O)
(Loss on ignition)
(i) Argiles & Mineraux
(ii) Argiles & Mineraux (chamotte)
KSG
(i)
48.5
35.3
1.3
1.3
0.1
0.3
0.6
0.1
12.5
Chamotte FR42/44
(ii)
53.6
42.2
1.7
1.7
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
-
5.
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
(Fe2O3)
(TiO2)
(MgO)
(CaO)
(Na2O)
(K2O)
(Loss on ignition)
Dry MOR : /..
(Dry Modulus of rupture : kgf/cm2)
A
54.7
28.0
2.5
1.0
0.7
0.3
0.3
2.5
10.0
B
54.3
29.0
1.9
1.0
0.5
0.2
0.2
2.0
11.0
100.0
14
6. Sinter Mor
Mineracao Ltda Guarda Mor Minas Gerais
59.85
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
25.62
(MgO)
0.33
(K2O)
3.37
(Loss on ignition)
8.87
7.
7.1 (Sanitaryware)
2.5-4 ./30
(Loss on ignition) 12-14
(Moisture),
15
50 /..
200 ,
(Total residue retained on a No.200 sieve, max)
5
(coloured-firing)
7.2 (Floor tiles and Wall tiles)
150 /..
,
7
12-13
(Fe2O3)
1-2
7.3 Stoneware
(Loss on ignition) 10-13
7.4 (Porcelain)
63 , 1
7.5 (Refractory)
30
(Density)
2.2 /..
(Moisture)
15
15
.
62.9
28.0
4.7
0.1
0.9
1.3
1.6
0.4
0.03
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
(Fe2O3)
(CaO)
(MgO)
(Na2O)
(K2O)
(TiO2)
(Loss on ignition)
.
53.2
58.6
39.1
34.1
3.7
2.9
0.05
1.1
0.4
0.6
1.2
0.8
1.7
1.0
0.5
0.4
0.1
0.2
8.
8.1
-
-
(SiO2)
(TiO2)
(Al2O3)
(Fe2O3)
(CaO)
(MgO)
(K2O)
(Na2O)
(L.O.I.) 950C
58.8
0.7
23.6
5.6
0.3
1.3
2.4
0.8
6.4
62.8
0.7
25.2
6.0
0.3
1.4
2.6
0.8
67.5
0.6
21.1
1.4
0.2
0.4
2.2
0.3
6.3
72.0
0.6
22.5
1.5
0.2
0.4
2.3
0.3
60.4
0.5
25.4
1.2
0.3
0.5
2.4
0.3
9.0
66.4
0.5
27.9
1.3
0.3
0.5
2.6
0.3
8.2
:
80
(/..)
:
1%
120
16
27
50
5%
2%
9.
.
.
(SiO2)
59.2
56.2
(Al2O3)
23.7
29.8
(Fe2O3)
0.9
2.09
(TiO2)
0.34
0.63
(K2O)
2.71
2.78
(Na2O)
0.35
0.35
9.6
7.04
(L.O.I.) 950C
.
60.7
22.6
3.50
0.79
2.42
0.19
8.57
.
56.5
28.4
1.88
0.22
2.28
0.16
9.90
10.
SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 MgO CaO Na2O K2O TiO2 MnO2
58.8 20.9 3.64 0.78 0.17 0.23

2 0.72 0.01
45.3 28.2 2.77 0.88 0.61

0.2 1.78 0.84 0.02
69.3 17.8 0.78 0.36 0.11
0.4 1.98 0.69 <0.01
: http://www.cermas.com/ballclay.html
LOI
12.7
18.7
7.23
17
(Barite)
(Barite)
(Witherite)
1.
1.1 (Barite) (tiff), (cawk)
heavy spar
BaSO4
Ba
58.8
BaO
65.7
34.3
SO3

2.5-3.5
4.2
1.2 (Witherite)
BaCO3
Ba
70.0
BaO
77.7
CO2
22.3

3-3.5
4.2
18
2.
2.1
:
ASTM D 602 (06.02)-91
2.2
:
S.A.B.S.411-1952
2.3
:
AS K27-1927
2.4
:
BS 1795-1952
2.5
:
in use before 1939
19
UK
German
94.0
0.05
2.0
0.2
South
Africa
92.0
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
1.5
0.25
0.75
0.5
0.1
0.2
10-14
USA
(BaSO4)
(Fe2O3)
(SiO2)
(Matter soluble in water)
(Moisture and other volatile

matter)
45 (Residue
retained on 45 m sieve)
(Matter soluble in hydrochloric

acid)
240 (Residue
retained on 240 mesh)
325 (Residue
100 (Residue
(Oil absorption)
Australia*
1
2
99.0
97.0
-
1
90.0
0.5
2
75.0
1.0
93-96
3.0
4.0
-
* 1
2
20
3. (Indian Standard)
3.1 : IS 2881-1964
1
2
3.2 : IS 7588-1974
.
(BaSO4)
(SiO2)
(Fe2O3 and Al2O3)
(CaCO3 and
MgCO3)
53 (Material retained on
53 micron IS sieve)
(Matter soluble in dilute HCl)
(Grit)
105-110C (Loss on drying)
125
(Material retained on 125 micron IS wet sieving)
63
(Material retained on 63 micron IS wet sieving)
.
(Specific gravity at 27C)
(pH of aqueous extract)
(Bulk density) : /
1
2
97.0
94.0
2.0
0.2
1.5
1.5
90.0
1.0
2.0
0.02
-
0.5
3.0
0.001
0.5
0.002
1.0
4.15
-
6-9
2.5
21
4.
(American Petroleum Specification 13A for Oil-Well Drilling-Fluid
Materials, 1981)
(Specific gravity)
4.2
(BaSO4)
92

(Soluble alkaline earth content, as calcium)
250
(Particle size)
95% - 45 m (325 mesh)
5.
97.5
(BaSO4)
(Loss on ignition) 600 C,

2
(Heavy metals as Pb),
0.001
(sulphides),
0.1
(Arsenic),
0.1
(Particle size)
90% - 20 m
(Colour)
(Odour)
6. (General specifications
for filler applications)
(BaSO4)
95
(Particle size)
95% - 45 m
(Colour)
22
7. (General specifications for glass-grade barites)

95
(BaSO4)
1.5
(SiO2)
(Fe2O3)
0.15
(Al2O3)
0.15
(Particle size) 100%-850 m with less than 5%-150 m fines
8. (General specification for paint-grade barites)
(Particle size)
99.98% passing 37 m (400 )
Hegman number
6.5
(Brightness : green filter)
81
(Oil absorption)
5 /45
(BaSO4)
95
(Iron content)
0.05
(Water soluble compounds) 0.2
(Foreign matter)
2.0
(Moisture)
0.5
- (pH)
6.4
23
9.
(.846-2532)
1
2

1
2
1

95
95
97
2
(
2.24
2.24
)
3
-
3.5
3.5
3.5
4

0.5
0.5
0.2
5

0.5
0.5
0.5
7

2.0
2.0
2.0
8
100
12 12
12-14
9

85
80
95
10.
(.927-2533)
1

4.20
2
()
250

3
75
3.0
4
6
30
24
11.
(.939-2533)

11.1

11.2
1

97.5
2

0.5
0.01
0.01

3
4

2.0
5
6

0.3
7

0.8
8
( )
10
9

50
10

15
11

37
25
(Bauxite)
1.
1.1 (Gibbsite)
Al (OH)3 Al2O3.3H2O
(Al2O3) 65.4
(H2O)
34.6

2.3-3.5
2.3-2.4
/..
1.2 (Boehmite)
AlOOH Al2O3.H2O
(Al2O3) 85.0
(H2O)
15.0

3.5-5.0
3.01-3.06 /..
26
1.3 (Diaspore)

AlOOH Al2O3.H2O
(Al2O3) 85.0
(H2O)
15.0

6.5-7
3.3-3.5
/..
2. (Typical analyses of various grades of
calcined refractory bauxite)
China
USA
China
China
Guyana
60
70
80
+80
+80
(Al2O3)
63.5
70.5
84.5
89.0
88.3
(SiO2)
32.4
25.3
9.9
6.0
6.5
(TiO2)
2.2
2.7
3.8
3.3
3.2
(Fe2O3)
1.5
1.4
1.6
1.2
1.8
0.15
0.20
0.05
0.25
(Loss on ignition)
(Bukl sp gr)
2.70
2.85
2.80
3.15
3.10
3.
(Analysis of calcined abrasive grade bauxite and dried chemical grade bauxite)
(Al2O3)
(SiO2)
(TiO2)
(Fe2O3)
(Loss on ignition)
Abrasive grade
85-87
3.0-5.5
3.0-4.5
6.0-10.3
1.0-2.0
Chemical grade
56.5-60.5
4.3-9.0
2.3-3.5
1.5-3.0
28-31
27
4. (Bauxite suitable for cement grade)

(Al2O3) (SiO2)
6
5. (Vietnam)
36-39
(Al2O3)
5-9
(SiO2)
(Fe2O3)
25-29
(TiO2)
4-9
28
(Bentonite)

(Montmorillonite : Al2O3.4SiO2.H2O)
SiO2
66.7
Al2O3
28.3
5.0
H2O
1. (American Petroleum
Institute bentonite specification) (drilling fluids)
API bentonite specification
Requirement
Specification
Suspension properties viscometer dial reading at 600 rpm
30, minimum
Yield point/plastic viscosity ratio
3, maximum
Filtrate volume
15.0 cm3, maximum
Residue greater than 75 micrometers
4.0 wt percent, maximum
Moisture
10.0 wt percent, maximum
29
2. (Oil
Companies Materials Association bentonite specification)
(drilling fluids)
OCMA bentonite specification
Requirement
Specification
Suspension properties viscometer dial reading at 600 rpm
30, minimum
Yield point,lb/100 ft2
6 times plastic viscosity, maximum
Filtrate-relative 30 minutes
16.0 cm3, maximum
Residue greater than 75 micrometers
2.5%, maximum
Moisture
13.0%, maximum
3. Bavarian
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
(Fe2O3)
(TiO2)
(CaO)
(MgO)
(K2O)
(Na2O)
57.0
21.2
5.1
0.2
4.5
2.1
1.4
0.2
30
4.
65.70
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
13.55
(Fe2O3)
1.64
(CaO)
1.67
(MgO)
0.69
(K2O)
0.48
(Na2O)
0.64
110C
9.65
1,100C
5.42
(Specific gravity)
2.88
(Density)
2.4 /..
1,485C
31
5.
3
1. (White bentonite)
2. (Na-bentonite)
3. (Ca-bentonite)
Unye
Kutahya
Resadiye
Kursunlu
(SiO2)
74.9
70.9
57.6
56.0
(Al2O3)
14.0
15.7
19.3
18.3
(Fe2O3)
1.1
0.9
3.3
5.8
(TiO2)
0.2
0.1
0.3
0.2
(CaO)
1.7
2.1
4.2
7.0
(MgO)
1.9
1.4
2.2
1.9
(Na2O)
0.6
0.2
2.6
2.2
(K2O)
0.8
1.2
1.9
1.4
9.9
7.6
7.4
6.8
(Loss on ignition)
(Swelling
4.0
3.0
15-20*
15-20*
Volume)
(Whiteness)
84.0
82.0
(Oil Absorption)
35.0
35.0
73-88
77-85
(Montmorillonite)
(Cristobalite : SiO2)
13-17
12
* : /2
32
6.
1
2
(SiO2)
71.62
68.22
(Al2O3)
15.22
15.04
(Fe2O3)
1.96
1.9
(FeO)
0.37
0.1
(TiO2)
0.36
0.3
(CaO)
0.61
1.87
(MgO)
1.66
2.55
(Na2O)
1.41
0.88
(K2O)
1.00
0.60
(H2O+)
4.8
5.75
(H2O-)
0.67
1.00
(Loss on ignition)
5.69
6.89
1 ( 4 )
2 ( 4 )
7.
(.1065-2534)

- (sodium-smectite)
33
30*
1.1 600

1.2
10
1.3 (yield point)
0.48x3
1.2
100
3 1.2
1.4 (30 )
15

2
75 ()
4.0
3
**
12
1. 0.51216
1.067 100
2. * 600
2
3. **
34
(Calcite)
(Dogtooth spar)
(Iceland spar) (Nailhead spar) (Satin spar)

CaCO3
CaO
CO2
56.0
44.0
3
2.72
1. ASTM
(American Society for Testing Materials : ASTM D 1199 (06.02)-91
1.1 2
PC GC
PC :

(lime)
GE :
35
(CaCO3 moisture-free)
(Moisture and other volatile matter)

(Total CaCO3 , MgCO3 moisture-free)
(MgCO3)
*
PC
96.5*
0.7
-
GC
0.2
94.0
1.2 4
1 (Fine paint grade)
- 15-20
- 325 (45 ) 0.05
- (Specific surface diameter) 2.5
2 (Coarse paint grade)

- 5-45
- 325 (45 ) 0.5
- (SSD) 6
3 (Filler grade)
- 10-45
- 325 (45 ) 25
- (SSD) 9
4 (Putty powder grade)
-
- 200 (75 ) 30
- (SSD) 12
36
2.
(Australian Standard. AS : K 23-1927)
97.0
1.0
0.5
0.5
(CaCO3)
(Insoluble matter)
(Coarse particles)
(Volatile matter)
3. (Indian Standard : IS 918-1958)

3.1
3.2
(CaCO3 on dry basis)

(MgCO3 on dry basis)
+++
(Al+Fe+P+Matter insoluble in HCI)
(Fe)
(As2O3)
(Pb)
(Cl)
(CaO)
(Moisture)
+ (CaCO3 + MgCO3)
(Mixed oxide)
(Cu)
(Mn)
(Insoluble matter as silica)
(Loss on ignition)
(Moisture and volatile matter)
96.0
3.0
0.6
0.1
4 ppm
10 ppm
0.04
0.14
1.0
-
0.04
92.0
1.0
0.005
0.02
0.6
43-46
1.0
37
4. Micronised natural whiting

96
CaCO3
(Particle size) 10 95
(Oil absorption)
18 /100
2.63
5.
(.402-2532) 2
1.
2.

.1
.2
.1
.2

0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
43.0-44.5 42.0-44.5 43.0-44.5

42.0-44.5

0.005
0.005
0.1
0.1
- 125
0.5
0.5
5.0
5.0
- 45
( Na2CO3)
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03

1.5
3.0
1.5
3.0

250
1,000
250
1,000

15
30
15
30

100
400
100
400

98
96
98
96

1 2
38
6.
(.403-2532) 2
1.
2.
2
1)
2)
2
1) 1
2) 2
1 2 3 4

45
( Na2CO3)

(dry brightness)
100

-
-
0.4
43.0-44.5
0.1
0.4
42.0-44.5
0.1
0.2
43.0-44.5
0.01
0.2
42.0-44.5
0.01
0.03
1.0
0.03
1.5
0.03
1.0
0.03
1.5
200
98
93
300
96
90
200
98
93
300
96
90
17
80
14
80
17
30
14
30
39
(Chromite)
(Mg)
(Al) (Fe)
(Mg.Fe2+) O.(Cr.Al.Fe3+)2O3 Chrome ore
FeCr2O4
Cr2O3
68.0
FeO
32.0

5.5
4.1-4.9 4.6

40

(Analyses of Typical Chromites and corresponding Chrome Ores)
No.1
No.2
100.53
98.17
100.10
99.35
99.37
98.64
100.24
98.85
99.29
99.56
Cr/Fe
1.67
1.58
2.30
2.22
4.31
3.90
3.45
3.47
3.45
3.25
C* =
O* =
Chromite
(Ore or concentrate)
13.66
0.17
0.16
O*
54.91
9.92
12.41
14.92
0.70
5.02
0.20
0.14
C*
57.70
13.44
3.42
11.66
(14.70)
13.29
0.39
0.24
O*
47.00
12.65
11.93
15.46
1.77
5.71
0.32
0.06
0.30
0.35
0.92
C*
58.32
11.06
4.10
11.10
(14.75)
14.23
No.6
Total
12.72
18.06
0.44
5.00
0.30
0.08
0.10
C*
61.44
11.41
nil
12.53
No.5
O*
44.52
15.50
0.38
0.11
0.12
O*
32.10
30.20
No.4
C*
Cr2O3
47.41
Al2O3
14.82
Fe2O3
9.21
FeO
16.86
Tot.Fe as FeO (25.26)
MgO
11.40
CaO
SiO2
TiO2
0.41
MnO
0.09
NiO
V2O5
0.33
L.O.I.
24.72
10.10
0.30
2.24
0.43
0.07
C*
36.24
31.86
2.97
11.32
(13.99)
17.10
No.3
0.06
0.15
0.20
0.07
3.95
O*
48.50
10.01
13.28
18.83
0.40
6.94
0.05
0.12
0.18
0.05
1.20
C*
55.90
11.92
2.18
18.80
10.36
0.76
0.30
0.09
0.18
O*
49.19
11.37
18.27
12.35
0.48
6.58
0.67
0.26
0.08
0.16
100.49 100.44
2.37
Cr2O3 , Total Fe, Al2O3 , MgO , SiO2 CaO

CaO SiO2 0-0.17
No.1 Transvaal Steelport, south Africa

No.2 Philippine Masinloc
No.3 Kompirsai (USSR)
No.4 Selukwe, Zimbabwe (talc-dolomite gangue
No.5 Turkish
No.6 Great Dyke, Zimbabwe
2.37
1.
Metallurgical
grade
(Cr2O3)
45-56
(Al2O3 )
(Total Fe as FeO)
(SiO2)
: (Cr : Fe)
2.5:1 4.3:1
41
Chemical
grade
44
3.5
1.5:1
Refractory
grade
30-40
25-32
15
2.0:1 2.5:1
2.
(U.S. National Stockpile Specification P-11-R 1 June 4th , 1956)

48.0
(Cr2O3)
8.0
(SiO2)
(S)
0.08
(P)
0.04
: (Cr : Fe)
3:1
1 25
3.
(U.S. National Stockpile Specification P-65 June 1st , 1949)
44.0
(Cr2O3)
(SiO2)
5.0
: (Cr : Fe)
1.5 : 1
42
4. U.S.Bureau of Mines
(Cr2O3)
Metallurgical
grade
47.8
Chemical
Grade
44.6
Refractory
Grade
34.0
5.
5.1
(Cr2O3)
48
: (Cr : Fe)
3:1
5.2 Indian Refractory Makers Association
(Cr2O3)
53
40
(SiO2)
4
6
(Fe2O3)
16
22
(CaO)
1
1.5
5.3 (Indian Standard Institution) IS : 4737-1968
(Cr2O3)
44.0
(SiO2)
5.0
(FeO)
20.0
(Al2O3)
14.0
(MgO)
14.0
(CaO)
3.0
43
6. (Magnesia chromite)
(MgO)
65-75
5-10
(Cr2O3)
(SiO2)
6.5
: 5.2 . 1.2 .
35-45
1.2 . 0.088 .
30-40
0.088 .
25-30
7.
(Cr2O3)
(Fe2O3)
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
(MgO)
(CaO)
Friable
45.2
26.6
2.1
15.4
9.6
0.9
Concentrate
49.0-51.0
21.0-23.0
1.6-1.9
12.0-14.0
11.0-13.0
0.1
44
8.
(Composition of typical chromium ferroalloys and chromium metal)
High-carbon ferrochromium
Low-carbon ferrochromium
Ferrochromium-silicon
Chromium-metal
A
A
C
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
A
B
A
52-58
55-64
62-72
60-67
67-75
67-75
67-75
67-72
67-72
63-68
62-70
34-38
38-42
99.0
99.4
6.0-8.0
4.0-6.0
4.0-9.5
0.025
0.025
0.5
0.75
0.02
0.01
0.05
0.10
0.06
0.05
0.05
6
8-14
3
1-8
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
38-42
41-45
0.15
0.04
0.04
0.06
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.025
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.01
5-6
1-5
-
0.05
0.10
0.01
0.01
9.
35
(Cr2O3)
45
(Coal)
(Coal)

55-60 8
13,500-14,000 ..

(Major constituent)
2
1. (Proximate analysis)
1.1 (Moisture)
1.2 (Ash)
1.3 (Volatile matter) (vapor)
960C 7
1.4 (Fixed carbon)
2. (Ultimate analysis)

46
(Calorific value or heating value)

... (btu/lb)
(Kilocalories/kilogram)
1 ..
1 60F 61F
1 = 1.8 ...
1 (Heating value)
(Fixed carbon) ASTM D 388-91a
1. Flux
Coke breeze
(Fixed carbon)
75-80
(SiO2)
15
2.
2.1
2-7 1-6
22-75C
100C
2.2
1-6
3,500
/
15
2.3 boiler
2,700200 /
1-3
305
104
2.4 ( )
1. 4,800 /
2. 150
3.
4.
47
2.0
25
3.
3.1 . . .
(Heating Value)
(Size) 3
1
2
3
3.2 . . .
(Moisture)
(Ash)
(Volatile matter)
(Fixed carbon)
(Sulfur)
(Heating value); /
1-6
4,800-5,300 /
0-1 ()
1-3
3-6 ()
(Upper Seam)
24.92
23.80
28.65
22.69
1.37
3,544
(Lower Seam)
28.13
10.06
30.96
30.85
0.70
4,370
3.3 . .
(Heating Value)
2,500 /
20-25
3
48
3.4 .
As-received
Air-dried Basis
(Moisture)
18.88
16.92
(Ash)
14.68
15.03
(Volatile matter)
37.92
38.84
(Fixed carbon)
28.52
29.21
(Sulfur)
1.67
1.71
(Heating value); /
4,064
4,162
150 10
3.5 . .
(As received)
(Dry basis)
(Size)
3.6 . . .
(Heating Value)
2,600-4,000
(Ash)
20-30
Dry Basis
18.09
46.75
35.16
2.06
5,010
4,500-4,800 /
5,000-6,000 /
2-3
/
3.1 (Subbituminous A coal)

3.2 (Subbituminous B coal)
3.3 (Subbituminous C coal)
4.1 (Lignite A)
4.2 (Lignite B)
1.1 (Meta-anthracite)
1.2 (Anthracite)
1.3 (Semianthracite)
2.1 (Low volatile)
2.2 (Medium volatile)
2.3 A (High volatile A)
2.4 B (High volatile B)
2.5 C (High volatile C)
(Group)
()
98
92
86
78
69
-
()
98
92
86
78
69
-
2/
() ()
2
8
2
14
8
22
14
31
22
31
-
Dry, Mineral-Matter-Free Basis
Moist, Mineral-Matter-Free Basis, Moist
2/
3/
14,000
13,000
11,500
11,500
10,500
9,500
8,300
6,300
Dry, Mineral-Matter-Free Basis
14,000
13,000
11,500
10,500
10,500
9,500
8,300
6,300
-
...3/
1/
(Fixed carbon) 69 (Calorific value)
4.
(Lignite)
3.
(Subbituminous)
2.
(Bituminous)
1.
(Anthracite)
(Class)
1/
1 (Classification of Coals by rank)

49
13.9
22.2
25.8
36.8
2.3
3.1
3.2
5.9
14.8
Maryland
Alabama
Kentucky
Ohio
Illinois
Washington
Wyoming
Colorado
North Dakota
4.4
2.8
Pennsylvania
Arkansas
Anthracite
Semianthracite
Bituminous coal
Low volatile
Medium volatile
High volatile A
High volatile B
High volatile C
Subbituminous coal
Rank A
Rank B
Rank C
Lignite
Moisture
State
Rank
34.2
32.2
31.1
27.8
19.6
23.4
36.8
43.8
33.3
41.0
40.3
38.4
30.2
65.8
63.6
56.4
46.5
39.9
Proximate analysis
(Percent)
Volatile
Fixed
matter
carbon
4.8
81.8
11.9
75.2
10.9
4.3
4.7
5.2
12.3
9.9
3.6
3.8
12.0
9.0
10.1
Ash
0.6
0.5
0.3
0.4
3.1
0.8
0.6
3.0
2.5
0.6
2.2
Sulfur
6.2
6.9
6.3
6.9
4.5
4.9
5.6
5.7
5.8
3.4
3.7
57.5
53.9
50.0
41.2
74.5
76.7
79.4
72.2
58.8
79.8
78.3
1.4
1.0
0.6
0.7
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.3
1.0
1.0
1.7
Ultimate analysis
(Percent)
Hydrogen Carbon Nitrogen
2
(Proximate and ultimate analysis of samples of each rank of common bonded coal in the United States)
23.4
33.4
38.1
45.6
4.2
6.3
9.2
14.0
19.9
6.2
4.0
Oxygen
10,330
9,610
8,580
6,960
13,220
13,530
14,090
13,150
10,550
13,130
13,360
Heating
Value
(Btu/lb)

50
51
- (Columbium-Tantalum)
2
(Cb) International Union of Pure and Applied
Chemistry (IUPAC)
(Nb) (Cb) (Cb)

(Ta2O5) 84
(Cb2O5) 77
- (Composition of some columbium
and tantalum minerals)
1. (Tantalite)
(Fe,Mn)(Ta,Cb)2O6
Ta2O5
42-84
Cb2O5
3-40
52
2. (Columbite)
(Fe,Mn)(Ta,Cb)2O6
Cb2O5
Ta2O5
40-75
1-42
3. (Pyrochlore)
NaCaCb2O6F
Cb2O5
Ta2O5
47-70
0.2-2.0
4.2-6.4
5-5.5
4. (Microlite)
(Ca,Na,Fe)2(Ta,Cb)2(O,OH,F)7
Ta2O5
55-74
5-10
Cb2O5
5-5.5
5. (Simpsonite)
Al4Ta3O13OH
Ta2O5
Cb2O5
60-72
0-6
7-7.5
6. - (Bismuto-Tantalite)
(Bi,Sb)(Ta,Cb)O4
Ta2O5
Cb2O5
40
6.6
5
53
7. (Samarskite)
(Fe,Y,U)2(Cb,Ti,Ta)2O7
Ta2O5
14-27
41-56
Cb2O5
5-6
8. (Fergusonite)
(Y,Er,Ce,Fe) (Cb,Ta,Ti)O4
Ta2O5
4-43
Cb2O5
14-46
5.5-6.5
9. (Tapiolite)
(Fe,Mn)(Ta,Cb)2O6
Ta2O5
Cb2O5
73-74
11-12
6-6.5
10. (Aeschynite)
(Ce,Ca,Fe,Th)(Ti,Cb)2(O,OH)6
Ta2O5
20-22
32-33
Cb2O5
5-6
11. (Ixiolite)
(Ta,Fe,Sn,Cb,Mn)4O8
Ta2O5
Cb2O5
63-70
12-19
6-6.5
54
(U.S.National Stockpile Specification. P-54R May 9th , 1952)

(Ta)
+ (Ta2O5 + Cb2O5 )
(SnO2)
(TiO2)
+ (SnO2 + TiO2)
40.0
70.0
4.0
4.0
6.0
(Japanese Industrial Standard. J.I.S.

H 4701-1969) (Tantalum plate)
(Tantalum strip) (Tantalum foil) (Tantalum bar)
(Tantalum wire)
(Ta)
99.8
( C)
0.03
(O)
0.03
(N)
0.01
(H)
0.01
(Cb)
0.1
(Fe)
0.02
(Ti)
0.01
(W)
0.03
(Si)
0.02
(Ni)
0.02
55
-
(Cb2O5)
(Ta2O5)
(TiO2)
(SnO2)
(ZrO2)
(WO3)
(Fe2O3)
(MnO)
(CaO)
(P2O5)
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
18.22-58.85
11.81-46.99
0.85-9.05
0.95-10.37
0.18-0.68
1.99-11.07
0.78-20.86
4.63-17.86
0.13-1.32
0.39-0.59
0.05-3.14
0.03-2.80
(Cb2O5)
(Ta2O5)
(FeO)
(MnO)
(TiO2)
(SnO2)
(CaO)
(ZrO2)
29.78
53.28
6.11
10.4
0.13
-
54.09
18.2
11.21
7.07
0.1
-
U.S.A.
S.Dakota
9.9
65.1
2.2
1.1
-
35.2
37.5
2.3
0.9
-
Brazil
23.26
41.39
5.14
8.95
0.2
15.11
-
55.14
12.9
10.59
8.31
11.67
0.2
-
Uganda
68.72
0.2
0.56
14.82
1.91
W.
Australia
12.38
69.63
2.09
12.71
0.25
0.9
-
S.
Africa
35.6
31.1
21.55
2.95
6.4
Trace
64.33
5.24
19.14
2.18
3.85
3.85
0.16
Nigeria
S.
Rhodesia
16.8
63.41
0.27
Trace
None
Trace
12.75
-
-
56
57
(Diatomite)
opaline silica

diatomite, kieselguhr, tripolite, fossil flour
(Silica)
0.005-0.4

SiO2 , nH2O
H2O 4-9
20 SiO2
5-6
2-2.25
(Porosity)
- (filter aids)
- (filters)
- (insulating brick)
- Silica
lignite Slag
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
(Fe2O3)
(CaO)
(K2O)
(H2O)
58
86.89
2.32
1.28
0.43
3.58
4.89
1. ASTM
(American Society for Testing Materials : ASTM D 604(06.02)-91)
:
(Loss on ignition)
1.0
(Matter soluble in HCl)
3.0

1.0
325 (45 )
5-15
(Total residue retained on a No.325 sieve (45 m)
1
35 ..
(Volume of settling pigment in petroleum spirts after 1 hr.)
1.0
3.0
1.0
1.0
25 ..
2.
2.1
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
(Fe2O3)
(CaO)
(MgO)
(H2O)
(CO2 and organic matter)
86.2
3.05
1.02
0.18
0.65
5.6
1.2
59
2.2
(British Standard Specification. BS 1795:1952)
90.0
8.0
0.5
5.0
1.0
0.1
(Matter insolubie in HCI at 98-102C)

(Loss on ignition at 900C)
(Fe2O3)
98-102C (Loss at 98-102C)
(Acidity or alkalinity of the aqueous extract)

(SiO2)
80.0
3.
Celite Johns-Manville company
Dicalite
Great Lakes Carbon Corporation
Clarcel
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
(Fe2O3)
(TiO2)
(CaO)
(MgO)
(Na2O)
(K2O)
(Water soluble matter)

(Moisture)
(Loss on ignition)
Celite
89.6
4.0
1.5
0.2
0.5
0.6
3.3
Dicalite
88.92
3.12
1.61
0.16
0.4
0.78
4.91
Clarcel
71.0
16.0
1.0
1.5
0.15
German
95.48
1.15
1.45
0.14
0.14
Trace
0.49
0.88
-
0.1
0.2
2.0
1.0
0.21
0.6
9.0
60
4.
1
89.70
3.72
1.09
1.10
2
79.55
8.18
2.62
0.70
3
86.00
5.27
2.12
0.21
4
89.82
1.82
0.44
0.07
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
(Fe2O3)
(TiO2)
0.10
0.06 0.13
(P2O5)
(CaO) 0.30 0.25 0.34 1.26
0.55 1.30 0.39 0.54

(MgO)
(Na2O)
0.31
0.24 1.03
0.41
0.29 0.22
(K2O)
3.70 5.80 4.90 4.02
(Loss on ignition)
1. Lompoc
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
* (CO2) 13.9%
5
6
7
84.50 86.0 79.92
3.06 5.8 6.58
1.86 1.6 3.56
0.17 0.22 0.48
8
9
91.20 58.40
3.20 1.66
0.70 1.55
0.16 0.10
0.04
0.03
0.05
0.20
1.80
0.39
0.70
0.29
1.43
0.98
0.19
0.42
13.80
4.57
1.19
0.91
0.48
0.53
0.65
0.72
0.13
0.24
0.96
0.50
6.08
4.4
4.91
3.60 17.48*
61
5.
5.1 2
5.1.1 (High quality)
70
Amorphous SiO2
Moisture
12
Specific gravity
0.7 /..
5.1.2 - (Low-medium quality)
Amorphous SiO2
30-70
Moisture
6
Specific gravity
2 /..
5.2 Cekesa Hellin, Albacete
3
5.2.1 (High) amorphous SiO2 70
(catalyst carriers)
5.2.2 (Medium) amorphous SiO2 60-65
5.2.3 (Low) amorphous SiO2 40
(Cement manufacturing)
62
6. . .
1
2
..1
..2
..3
(SiO2)
77.34
71.7
69.75
68.68
58.5
(Al2O3)
6.33
13.76
18.89
14.55
19.57
(Fe2O3)
2.85
2.63
2.97
4.14
3.46
(FeO)
0.22
0.22
0.29
(MgO)
3.3
0.42
0.19
0.57
0.88
(CaO)
5.14
0.5
0.51
0.22
0.9
(Na2O)
0.54
0.23
0.72
0.33
(K2O)
0.72
0.64
0.78
1.65
(MnO)
0.01
0.03
0.01
5.2
6.29
5.46
7.26
(Loss on ignition)
(H2O-)
4.56
3.48
0.1
4.1
4.86
63
(Dolomite)
CaMg(CO3)2
CaCO3
54.35
MgCO3
45.65
MgO
21.7
CaO
30.4
47.9
CO2

3.5-4
2.85
8.6
64
1.
(MgO)
(CaO)
(Fe2O3)
(Al2O3)
(SiO2)
(Loss on ignition)
21.6
20.8
21.7
21.11
20.75
21.8
20.2
30.5
30.1
31.1
31.21
30.8
30.1
0.05
0.5
0.1
0.01
0.8
0.1
0.2
47.0
0.2
0.5
47.2
0.02
0.05
47.0
0.02
47.42
0.15
1.5
46.0
21.71
20.11
21.15
31.5
30.31
32.11
30.2
0.35
0.4
0.04
0.16
0.65
0.45
0.4
47.0
0.4
0.5
47.0
0.03
47.51
0.08
0.3
46.9
0.45
1.3
46.03
2.
2.1
(MgO)
(CaO)
(SiO2)
(P)
(S)
(R2O3)
(Fe2O3)
(H2O)
Kawasaki
Omic
SGS
20.89
31.13
0.42
0.004
0.003
0.25
0.28
20.67
30.63
0.44
0.06
0.25
20.72
30.50
0.01
0.08
0.21
2.2
(MgO)
21
(CaO)
31
(SiO2)
0.2
(Fe2O3)
0.1
65
2.3
(MgO)
(CaO)
(SiO2)
(Fe2O3)
(FeO)
(Na2O)
(Al2O3)
(H2O)
(TiO2)
(P2O5)
(MnO)
(Loss on ignition)
.
21.50
30.54
0.06
0.38
0.18
0.12
46.56
.
.
20.82
31.67
0.05
0.24
0.00
47.60
.
.
20.86
31.18
0.10
0.32
0.05
47.25
.
19.70
32.98
0.13
0.05
0.13
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.05
0.04
46.41
3.
(MgO)
(CaO)
(Fe2O3)
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
20
30
1.1
4.1
3.2
66
(Emery)

1. (Coarse grained emery 4-46 )

2. (Fine grained emery 54-220 )

3. (Paste or Flouring emery -220 )

67
Oregon
(Al2O3)
(SiO2)
(Fe2O3)
(TiO2)
(Colour)
(Mohs hardness)
(specific gravity)
(Melting point)
Sodium sulphate soundness test
LA abrasion test
67
28
20
2
-
8-9
3.2-3.7
1,700C
0.27
6-9.35
(Al2O3)
(SiO2)
(TiO2)
(CaO)
(Loss on ignition)
57
24-26
2-3
1.5-2
7-9
68
(Feldspar)

3
1. KAISi3O8 Microcline Orthoclase ()
2. NaAlSi3O8 Albite ()
3. CaAl2Si2O8 Anorthite ()

(Particle size distribution)

1. Microcline Orthoclase
KAISi3O8
SiO2
64.7
Al2O3
18.4
K2O
16.9
6
2.57
69
2. Albite
NaAISi3O8
SiO2
Al2O3
Na2O
68.7
19.5
11.8
6
2.62
3.

CaAI2Si2O8
CaO
20.1
36.7
Al2O3
SiO2
43.2
6-6.5
2.74-2.76
Microcline orthoclase plagioclase feldspar
soda lime soda-lime feldspar albite (NaAlSi3O8) anorthite
(CaAI2Si2O8) (Ca) (Na)
(Al) (Si) 6
Albite anorthite
Plagioclase feldspar
Albite
Anorthite
Albite : Na(AISi3O8)
100-90
0-10
Oligoclase
90-70
10-30
Andesine
70-50
30-50
Labradorite
50-30
50-70
Bytownite
30-10
70-90
AnOrthite : Ca(AI2Si2O8)
10-3
90-100
70
1. Norway
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
(Fe2O3)
(CaO)
(K2O)
(Na2O)
(Loss on ignition)
Norway

65.4
69.2
18.7
18.7
0.06
0.11
0.51
1.82
11.1
2.8
3.36
7.2
0.29
0.19
2. Finland
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
(Fe2O3)
(Na2O)
(CaO)
67-69
17.8-18.3
0.15
67-69
17.8-18.3
0.15
4.5-5
0.5-0.8
Finland (FFF)

(FFF glass grade) 28
(FFF ceramic grade) 2 200 300
71
3. Custer South Dakota Pacer

Corporation
3 140 200 325
(SiO2)
68.5
(Al2O3)
17.0
(K2O)
10.0
3.0
(Na2O)
(Fe2O3)
0.15
4. (A typical analysis of dental feldspar)
65.6
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
18.7
(K2O)
12.5
(Na2O)
2.5
(CaO)
0.4
(Fe2O3)
0.07
(MgO)
Trace
(Loss on ignition)
0.5
5.
5.1
40
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
15
10
(Na2O)
5.2 Table ware
(K2O)
5
(Na2O)
6
0.05
* (Fe2O3)
* (TiO2) 0.01
* Fe2O3 TiO2
Fe2O3 TiO2
5.3
(Fe2O3)
(Na2O)
(K2O)
5.4
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
(K2O)
(Na2O)
(CaO)
(MgO)
(Fe2O3)
(TiO2)
72
0.1
9
.
64.36
22.02
0.92
7.99
2.47
0.13
0.39
0.13
.
60.83
19.30
0.17
8.82
0.77
0.08
0.16
0.19
73
6.
.
.
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
(K2O)
(Na2O)
(Fe2O3)
(CaO)
(MgO)
(TiO2)
(Loss on ignition)
65.7
18.7
12.2
2.6
0.15
0.16
0.11
0.11
0.30
63.9
20.2
10.51
4.18
0.2
0.65
0.002
-
.
.
. .
70.5
63.6
17.2
23.5
0.51
1.40
9.31
6.03
0.27
0.23
1.09
0.38
0.37
0.11
0.31
0.47
3.86
74
(Fire clay)

- plastic fireclay
- Flint fireclay

- High refractory clay cone 33 (1,745C)
- Low refractory clay cone 20-26 (1,530C 1,600C)
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
(Fe2O3)
(FeO)
(FeS2)
(MgO)
(CaO)
(Na2O)
(K2O)
H2 OH2 O+
(CO2)
(TiO2)
(P2O5)
(SO3)
(MnO)
(ZrO2)
(Org.C)
(Org.H)
58.10
23.11
1.73
0.68
0.55
0.01
0.79
0.34
1.9
2.27
7.95
0.05
1.40
0.17
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.22
0.03
Plastic
Lawrence Ohio
1.
44.43
37.10
0.46
0.55
0.22
0.19
0.6
0.1
0.55
0.80
12.95
0.11
1.84
0.21
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.1
-
Flint Cambria
Pennsylvania
44.78
35.11
1.18
0.74
0.14
0.55
0.77
0.29
0.44
0.84
13.07
0.07
2.22
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.11
-
Flint Carter
Kentucky
50.32
31.53
1.02
0.35
0.12
0.18
0.8
0.07
0.05
2.47
11.25
0.14
1.45
0.48
0.04
0.02
0.01
0.07
-
Semi-flint
Jackson Ohio
43.04
36.49
1.37
0.83
0.24
0.54
0.74
0.46
1.10
0.82
12.44
0.05
1.79
0.10
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.22
0.03
Semi-flin Clearfield
Pennsylvania
46.72
33.06
0.68
0.55
0.34
0.19
0.61
0.42
1.53
2.21
11.50
0.02
2.20
0.12
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.04
-
Plastic
Vinton Ohio
44.04
38.03
0.63
0.22
0.01
0.12
0.40
0.10
0.22
0.78
13.55
0.04
1.82
0.28
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
-
Flint
Montgomery
59.93
26.95
1.24
1.24
0.07
trace
trace
9.63
1.90
-
Silclous
New Jersy

75
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
(Fe2O3)
(TiO2)
(CaO)
(MgO)
(Na2O)
(K2O)
(Loss on ignition)
average
57.0
27.0
1.6
1.1
0.2
0.7
0.1
2.2
10.4
Durham and
Northumberland
range
48-65
22-37
1.1-2.1
1.0-1.3
0.1-0.3
0.5-1.1
0.0-0.3
1.3-4.5
9-12
2.
range
53-76
12-28
0.6-6.3
0.9-1.4
0.1-1.5
0.2-1.2
0.0-0.5
1.7-3.4
5-11
average
64.0
21.5
2.6
1.1
0.5
0.7
0.2
2.1
7.2
South Wales
range
31-64
25-52
0.5-6.4
1.0-4.3
0.1-1.0
0.1-1.2
0.0-0.8
0.2-1.9
7-20
average
50.5
34.0
2.3
1.7
0.4
0.5
0.2
0.7
11.2
Scotland
range
44-72
19-43
1.0-4.0
1.0-2.3
0.1-0.5
0.0-1.5
0.0-0.8
0.4-1.5
7-16
average
58.0
25.5
2.2
1.5
0.3
0.7
0.3
0.8
10.3
Yorkshire
Staffordshire,
Worcestershire
And Shropshire
range
average
43-74
59.0
13-36
25.0
1.0-3.3
2.1
0.5-1.7
1.1
0.0-0.6
0.3
0.1-0.9
0.4
0.0-0.7
0.2
0.1-2.2
1.1
6-19
9.9

76
77
(Fluorite or Fluorspar)
(Fluorspar) Fluorite Fluor

Derbyshire spar
(Galena) (Sphalerite)
(F) Fluere
(flow) flux
CaF2
Ca
51.3
F
48.7
4
3.18
1. 3
1.1 (Acid grade)
(CaF2)
97
(SiO2)
1-1.5
(S)
0.03-0.10
1.2 (Ceramic grade) 2
95-96
1.2.1 (CaF2)
1.2.2 (CaF2)
85-90
2.5-3.0
(SiO2)
(Fe2O3)
1.3 (Metallurgical grade)
(CaF2)
(S)
(Pb)
78
0.12
60
0.03
0.25-0.50
2.
(U.S. National Stockpile specification. P-69 b July 24, 1951)
2.1 (Metallurgical grade) Metspar
()
()
(Effective CaF2) *
70.0
60.0
(S)
0.3
0.3
(Pb)
0.5
0.5
*Effective CaF2 2 CaF2 1
(SiO2)
: 1 15
16 (16 U.S. Standard screen)
2.2 (Steel)
(U.S. National Stockpile specification. P-69b-R 1, May 22, 1957)
70.0
0.30
0.25
0.01
0.01
0.01
(Effective CaF2) **
(S)
(Pb)
(As)
(Ba)
(Zn)
* (dry basis)
* Effective CaF2 2.5 CaF2 1
(SiO2)
79
2.3 (Acid grade) Acid spar (U.S.National stockpile

Specification P-69a February 13, 1952 Approved by Federal Prepareness Agency General Service
Administration in March 1976)
*
*
(Hydrofluoric acid grade)
(Cryolite grade)
()
()
(CaF2)
97.0
97.0
(SiO2)
1.0
1.0
(S)
0.03
0.03
(CaCO3)
1.25
1.0
(Fe2O3)
0.25
(Pb)
0.2
0.2
(Zn)
0.2
(NaCl)
0.02
0.04
(Be)
10 ppm
* (dry basis)
. CaF2 95 CaF2
91 CaF2 CaF2 4
1 (SiO2)
. CaF2 95 CaCO3 1
CaCO3 1.5 1 CaF2 97
Cryolite 3NaF.AlF3
80
3.
(High grade ground fluorspar, Eyam, England)
98.0
1.0
0.3
1.0
0.1
0.15
100
(CaF2)
(SiO2)
(BaSO4)
(CaCO3)
(Sulphides) *
(Fe2O3) (Al2O3)
60
*
4.1 (Acid grade IS : 2411-1963)
(CaF2)
(CaCO3)
(SiO2)
(Fe2O3 and Al2O3)
97.0
1-2
1.0
0.1-0.5
81
4.2 (Fluorspar for use in metallurgical industries IS : 4574-1965)

1 (Used in aluminium industry)
2 (White grade used in steel Industry)
3 (Used in steel industry)
1
2
3
() () ()
(CaF2)
97.0
85.0
80.0
(SiO2)
1.0
6.0
8.0
70.0
60.0
(Effective
CaF2)
(CaCO3)
1.0
(Fe2O3)
1.0
(S)
0.3
0.3
(Pb)
0.5
0.5
1 100 150 ( IS)
2 3 100 . 85
1.18 . ( IS)
4.3 (Fluorspar for use in Chemical industry. IS : 8587-1977)
(Free Moisture)
10.0
(CaF2)
96.0
(SiO2)
1.0
(CaCO3)
1.2
(BaSO4)
0.5
(S)
0.03
(P2O5)
0.2
R2O3 (Mixed oxide as R2O3)
1.5
(Organic matter)
0.25
82
5. (ground fluorspar acid grade fluorspar)
5.1
(CaF2)
97
(SiO2)
1.0
(CaCO3)
1.25
(Fe2O3)
0.1
(P2O5)
0.1
(S)
0.003
(H2O)
0.1
100
100-200
200-325
325
5.2
(CaF2)
(S)
5 .-100 .
7-10
20-25
15-21
47-55
80
0.2
90
6.
97.0
(CaF2)
(SiO2)
0.25
(CaCO3)
0.9
(As)
3
(P2O5)
250
7.
97
(CaF2)
1.1
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
15
(P2O5) 300
83
8. flux (Dry Basis)

(CaF2)
81.0
(SiO2)
4.75
, (Al2O3, Fe2O3) 1.00
(CaCO3)
3.25
9.
(.774-2531)
1
2
1
2
97.0
95.0
85.0
85.0
75.0
1.0
3.0
17.0
22.0
1.0
1.5
1.5
(III)
0.25
0.12
0.12
1.0
1.0
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.5
0.5
(V)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
84
(Glass sand)
(Glass sand) (SiO2 ) 95

(Fe2O3)
20 (0.84 .)
100-120
99.41
SiO2
Al2O3
0.21
Fe2O3
0.07
CaO
0.07
MgO
0.68
85
1.
(U.S. Bureau of Standards, Specifications for Glass sands)
Al2O3
Fe2O3
SiO2
(CaO+MgO)

99.8
0.1
0.02
0.1
98.5
0.5
0.035
0.2
95.0
4.0
0.035
0.5
98.5
0.5
0.06
0.5
95.0
98.0
95.0
98.0
95.0
4.0
0.5
4.0
0.5
4.0
0.08
0.3
0.3
1.0
1.0
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
(Opitical)

(Green glass)
(Amber glass)
(Amber glass)
2.
(Limit for Sand for colourless glasses. BS 2975:1958)
A
(SiO2)
(Fe2O3) ***
(TiO2)
(Cr2O3)
(Al2O3)
A
99.5
0.008
0.03
0.0002
*
B
99.5
0.013
**
0.0002
*
C
98.5
0.03
**
0.0006
*
* (Al2O3) (
)
** TiO2 Fe2O3 Cr2O3
B C TiO2 (Heavy Minerals)
86
*** C Cr2O3 0.0002 Fe2O3 0.03

0.035
3.
(Glass sand)
- (Optical)
- (Colourless domestic)
-
(Container/flat)
(Foundry sand)
(Silica flour)
(Silicon Carbide)
(Si)
Ferrosilicon
(Silica brick refractory)
Sodium silicate
(Silica flux)
SiO2
Al2O3
Fe2O3
CaO+MgO
99.5
99.5
0.1-0.5
0.1-0.5
0.008
0.013
98.5
0.1-0.5
0.03
88-99
97-98
99.5
98.0
96
96-98
99
90
-----------Extremely variable-----------0.5
0.2
0.06-0.25
0.1
Absent
0.4
0.2
0.2 each
0.4
0.2
0.1
Low
0.25
0.03
0.05
1.5
1.5
0.2
Grain size
0.1-0.5 mm.
20-200
micron sizing
+100
>1 inch diameter
>1 inch diameter
-8
20-100
-1/4 inch < 5%
4.
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
(MgO)
(CaO)
(Fe2O3)
16
20
120
40
Plate glass
99.5
0.15
0.1
0.1
0.05
100
-
Sheet glass
99.78
0.0-0.5
0.1
0.0-0.02
0.0-0.02
100
2.0
-
Flint bottle
99.05
0.5
0.1
0.05
0.05
100
66.0
5.
1. (Foundry grade)
(SiO2)
(Fe2O3)
(Al2O3)
2. (Glass grade)
(SiO2)
(Fe2O3)
(Al2O3)
3. (Flint glass)
(SiO2)
(Fe2O3)
(Al2O3)
87
99.3
0.08
0.27
98-98.4
0.03-0.085
0.75-1.0
98.6-99
0.037
0.45-0.65
6.
6.1 (Foundry grade)
(SiO2)
99.5
(Fe2O3)
0.025
(Al2O3)
0.2
6.2 (Crystal ware)

99.8
(SiO2)
(Fe2O3)
0.008
(Al2O3)
0.45
(Particle size)
200
88
7. (Dansands silica sand)

(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
(CaO)
(Na2O)
(K2O)
(Fe2O3)
(TiO2)
98.558
0.71
0.01
0.05
0.52
0.062
0.08
89
8.
Fine washed
99.8
0.08
0.4
110
B
99.8
0.013
C
coarse
(SiO2)
99.8
99.8
(Fe2O3)
0.03
0.045
(Al2O3)
0.33
0.4
(partical size)
210 600
(chrome)
3-5 ppm
6-8 ppm
B crystal sand opthalmic
C container glass sand container glass, TV screen, ceramics
coarse ,
Fine washed
9.
White hollow ware
Crytal, lead crystal
& technical glass
and solar glass
(SiO2)
99.2-99.9
(Fe2O3)
0.025
0.01
Special glass
0.005-0.007
10. 3 (Container
glass)
white grade amber grade green grade foundry sand
(Fe2O3)
0.04
0.15
0.3
0.05
(Al2O3)
2.0
2.4
4.5
0.2
11. Paris Basin 2
1. Beauchamp sand
2. Fontainebleau sand
crystal ware
90
Fontainebleau sand
crude sand
washed sand
99.6
99.6
0.03
0.01
0.46
0.1
(SiO2)
(Fe2O3)
(Al2O3)
Beauchamp sand
washed sand
99.5
0.02
0.15
12.
Coloured container glass
(SiO2)
98.0
(Fe2O3)
0.05
(Al2O3)
1.0
Higher grade sand white container glass household glass ware
Higher grade sand

98.5
0.015
0.2
13.
(SiO2)
(Fe2O3)
(Al2O3)
glass
grade
99.2
0.13
0.5
silicate
green
product container glass
99.6
94.2
0.05
0.18
0.2
3.2
light green
container glass
94.2
0.13
3.7
foundry
and core sand
99.2
0.12
0.6
14.
(SiO2)
(Fe2O3)
(Al2O3)
Glass and foundry grade

99.0
0.04-0.07
0.4-0.6
91
15.
15.1 Cape Flattery Silica Mines Pty Ltd. Cape York Peninsula, north of
Cooktown in Queensland SiO2
99.5% Fe2O3 0.016%
A/L
H-13
(SiO2)
99.8
99.8
(Fe2O3)
0.014
0.01
15.2 Gnangara
(SiO2)
99.94
0.006
(Fe2O3)
(TiO2)
0.03
(Al2O3)
0.01
(CaO)
0.003
(MgO)
0.001
0.001
(Na2O)
(K2O)
0.001
(Cr2O3)
0.0001
(NiO)
0.0001
(CoO)
0.0001
(Loss on ignition)
0.04
(Average size : D50)

250-300
16.
(SiO2)
(Fe2O3)
(Al2O3)
clear container
glass
98.0
0.07
coloured glass Foundry

grade
grade
97.0
95.0
0.15
0.2
Washed silica sand

for container glass
99.3
0.04
0.35
92
17. 3

Glass and foundry

Ceramic
Sodium silicate
grade
grade
grade
(SiO2)
99.2
99.2
99.2
(Fe2O3)
0.02-0.04
0.02-0.04
0.02-0.04
(Al2O3)
0.62
0.62
0.62
(granulometric)
30-80
6-12
12-30
18. Kutki-Chapri Mianwali
Punjab
98.5
(SiO2)
(Fe2O3)
0.19
19.
19.1
(SiO2)
(MgO)
(CaO)
+ (K2O+Na2O)
(Loss on ignition)
95.5-98.5
0.03
0.2
0.06
0.25
19.2
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
(Fe2O3)
+ (CaO + MgO)
+ (K2O+Na2O)
99.7
0.14
0.025
0.12
0.01
93
20.
99.45
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
0.27
(Fe2O3)
(TiO2)
0.04
(CaO)
0.09
(MgO)
0.37
(K2O)
0.1
(Na2O)
0.3
(Loss on ignition)
0.12
21. (High grade silica sand from Malaysia)
Bintulu, Sarawak
99.7
(SiO2)
0.01
(Fe2O3)
(TiO2)
0.03
(MgO)
0.01
(Moisture)
6.0
(Size under U.S. Tyler 30 mesh)

30
94
(Granite)

(magma)

(Dimension stone)
70
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
15
(Hardness)
5-6.5
(compressive strength)
2,000-3,600 /..
(tensile strength)
100-300 /..
1. ASTM
(American society for Testing Materials : ASTM C 615-85,04.08)
(Absorption by weight), ,
(Density), , /. (/..)
(Compressive strength), , /.
(Modulus of rupture), , /.
0.4
160 (2,560)
19,000
1,500
95
2.
(Average chemical compositions of granite)
(SiO2)
72.08
(TiO2)
0.37
(Al2O3)
13.86
(Fe2O3)
0.86
(FeO)
1.67
(MnO)
0.06
(MgO)
0.52
(CaO)
1.33
(Na2O)
3.08
5.46
(K2O)
(H2O)
0.53
(P2O5)
0.18
3.
(Hardness) 5-6.5
1,917-2,380
./..
0.21-0.44
2,610-2,890
./..
96
(Graphite)
3
1. (flake) 1
5 0.5 (Dissiminated)
- (Quartz-Mica Schists) (Micaceous
Quartzite) (Gneiss)
2. (Vein) (fissure) (fractures)
(cavities)
3. (metamorphism of coal)
(Amorphous)
( C)
100
2
2.1-2.3
97
(Specifications for graphite for different

applications)
Application
Averge
Average flake size
carbon content (%)
Foundries (amorphous)
40-70
Mesh size BSS 200 to 300
Crucibles
80-90
+100 BSS mesh
Refractory bricks
amorphous
70-80
-0.75 inch and -30 mesh
flake
90-97
+80 to +100 nesh (sometime up to
+200 mesh)
Magnesia-carbon bricks
min 85
+150 m to -710 m or 70% on
Optimum 87-90 No.210
Alumina graphite refractories
min 85
-30 BSS mesh to +100 BSS mesh
Expandable graphite
min 90
-1.7 mm to +200 m
Brake linings
min 98
-75 m
Dry cell batteries
min 88
85% -75m
Carbon brushes
99
-100 mesh
Sintering
98-99
APS 5 m
Lubricants
98-99
106-53 m
Conductive coatings (amorphous)
50-55
Core and mould washes
amorphous
70-80
200 mesh
flake
80-90
200 mesh
1.
1.1 (Crucibles)
( C),
85
1.2 (Foundry facings)

( C),
40-80
(dust)
98
1.3 (Lubricants)
( C),
95
1
1.4 (Dry cell batteries)
( C),
85-90
200 (mesh)
1.5 (Carbon brushes)
( C),
85
100 (mesh)
2. China national metals & minerals import &
export corporation Crystalline flake graphite
(C)
75-99
1. Large Flakes
50 , 80
2. Medium Flakes
80 , 80
3. Small flakes
100 , 80
4. Powder
100 , 90
5. Powder
200 , 90
6. Powder
325 , 80
3.
(Indian Standard IS : 1305-1967) (foundry facing)
(Fixed carbon)
(Volatile matter)
(Ash)
(Moisture)
(Non-graphite carbon)
1
83.5
3.0
12.0
1.0
0.5
2
73.5
3.0
20.0
1.0
2.5
3
63.5
3.0
30.0
1.0
2.5
99
4. State Mining
and Mineral Development Corporation (SMMDC)
( C) 99
(Lump)
+10 mm.
(Bold chip)
-5+1.75 mm.
(Fine chip)
-1.7-0.5 mm.
(Powder)
Min 85% -200 mesh
(Chippy dust)
-5 mm.
(Fine powder)
40 microns
(Flakes)*
-10+60 mesh
(Flakes type)
-40+100 mesh
* amorphous graphite
5.
(flake)
(Amorphous)
1
2
3
1
2
3
() () () () () ()
( C)
(Ash)
(Volatile
matter)
(Moisture)
(Granulation)
90.0
10.0
0.7
88.0
11.0
1.0
85.0
13.5
2.5
80.0
17.0
3.0
78.0
19.0
3.0
75.0
21.0
3.0
1.0
+48
1.0
+80
1.0
-80
3-5
25
3-5
25
3-5
25
6.
(U.S. National Stockpile Specification P-22 b-R December 6, 1952)
6.1 (Crucible grade graphite)
( C)
85
6.2 (Lubricant and packing grade)
5
100
(Large flake)
( C)
95
(Medium flake)
( C)
95
(Small flake)
( C)
95
(Fine flake)
( C)
95
(Ash and volatile matter)
5
(Extra fine flake)
( C)
96
(Ash and volatile matter)
7. U.S. Army Specification

( C)
98
(Ash)
1
8. U.S. Navy Departments Specification
(14 G5 september 2, 1941) 2
( C)
(Ash)
20
100
325
94.0
5.0
97.0
75.0
-
97.0
2.0
97.0
101
9. Ministry of Supply
(Aircraft Material Specification D.T.D.77)
(powdered graphite)
( C)
57.0
(Moisture) 700C
1.25
(Water-soluble matter)
1.25
*- (Petroleum-ether)
0.5
I.M.M. 200
100
*
10.
(Dry cell and battery manufacture)
( C)
(Fe)
(Cu)
(Ni and Co)
(As and Sb)
200
85.0
2.5
0.03
0.03
0.03
85.0
11.
(Mexican graphite used for pencils)
( C)
(SiO2)
(Fe2O3)
(Al2O3)
86.0
7.0
0.5-1.0
0.5
102
12.
( C)
83-88*
(Ashes)
15-17
(Volaties)
2
*
(C ) 95-97
13.
( C)
84-99.6
(Ashes)
0.2-14
14. (Canadian flake graphite) The Asbury

Graphite Mill, Inc.
( C)
90-98
(Grade)
(Flake graphite)
+50, +80, +120, +150, -100

15.
15.1 (Amorphous graphite)
(Fixed carbon)
80
(Volaties matter) 3.5
(Size)
325
15.2
( C)
80.1
(Ash)
16.2
(Water)
3.7
15.3 (Amorphous graphite)

(Fixed carbon)
87
(Size) 200
95
103
(Gypsum)
(Natural
hydrated sulphate of calclum)
CaSO4.2H2O
(CaO)
32.6
(SO3)
46.5
(H2O)
20.9

1.5-2.5
2.35
1.53
(Selenite)
(Alabaster)
(Anhydrite CaSO4)
104
1.
96.0
(CaSO4)
(CaO)
32.4
46.42
(SO3)
(Fe2O3)
0.02
(CO2)
0.40
(Cl)
0.11
(Free water)
0.2
(Combined water)
20.15
2.
2.1 (Korean Industrial
Standard : KS L9005-76)
(refined gypsum)
refined gypsum from phosphate
(a setting retarder for Portland cement)
38.0
(SO3)
(CaO)
40.0
(P2O5)
1.5
(Soluble P2O5)
0.1
(H2O- : Free water)
10.0
(H2O+ : Chemically combined water)
16.0
(H2SO4)
0.1
105
2.2 4
G-O
G-3
G-6
G-T
(CaSO4.2H2O)
94.2
89.7
94.4
87.3
(SiO2)
3.2
7.6
3.7
6.3
(Al2O3)
0.9
1.8
0.6
1.0
(Fe2O3)
0.1
0.1
0.1
(CaO)
30.3
28.8
30.1
31.1
(MgO)

(Na2O)
0.23
0.51
0.06
0.09
(K2O)
0.03
0.05
0.01
0.05
(SO3)
43.8
41.7
43.9
40.6
(Soluble P2O5)
0.63
0.44
0.31
0.10
(Total P2O5)
0.71
0.58
0.49
0.83
(F)
0.75
1.76
0.54
0.49
2 (2 H2O)
19.6
16.9
19.9
18.3
1. G-O, G-3, G-6
2. G-T Refined
2.3
(CaSO4.2H2O)
(NaCl)
(Moisture)
2-3 . (Size 2-3 cm)
50 (Powder over 50 mesh)
94.0
0.1
3.0
60.0
40.0
106
3. (Indian Standard IS : 1290-1973)

4
1
2
3
4
(CaSO4.2H2O)
96.0
85.0-90.0
85.0 70.0-75.0
(MgO)
0.5
1.0
1.5
3.0
(Free water)
1.0
1.0
(CO2)
1.0
3.0
(SiO2 and
0.7
6.0
6.0
other insolubie matter)
(Fe2O3)
0.1
1.5
1.0
(Al2O3)
(NaCl)
0.01
0.003
0.1
0.5
1
(for surgical plaster)
2
(for ammonium sulphate industry)
3
(for pottery industry)
4
(for cement industry)
4.
(CaSO4.2H2O)
(H2O)
(size)
97
3
1/4-3
107
5.
5.1
( )
5.1.1 CaSO4.2H2O
5.1.2
5.1.3 1 CaSO4.2H2O
95
2 CaSO4.2H2O 85
3 CaSO4.2H2O 75
()
5.1.4
5.2
Asia Cement
Chien Tai
Taiwan Cement
Corporation
Cement Co., Ltd.
Corporation
()
()
()

96
95
96
(Moisture)
3
2
4
(size)
2x3
3x3
2x2
6.
6.1 (Japanese Industrial Standard : JIS R
9151-1979) 2
1 :
(SO3)
30
2 :
(SO3)
25
108
6.2
(SO3)
(S)
(Fe2O3)
(Moisture)
(H2O)
(FeS2)
(Foreign matters)
(Size)
Cement
Mold of ceramics
Natural gypsum Calcined gypsum
25
-
Plater (Calcined gypsum)

Undercoating Final coating
40
44
3
-
0.1
5
-
18
0.4
-
24
0.2
-
7. 2
1. Lake deposits
2. Barred-basin deposits Shark Bay
Lake deposits
Barred-Basin deposits
CaSO4.2H2O (%)
96
96-97
(NaCl) (%)
0.08
0.2-0.8
(Other impurities)
(SiO2) (CaCO3)
-
coarse
fine
-0.85+0.1 .
50 .
8. (Anhydrite)
96.6
(CaSO4)
109
9.
9.1
(.595-2528)
(gypsum) (CaSO4.2H2O)
70 4
(CaSO4.2H2O)
(SiO2)
(MgO)
( Na2O)
( NaCl)
95.0
90.0
80.0
70.0
1.0
0.3
0.2
3.0
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
9.2
(.188-2519)
4
1. (Plaster of Paris)
(CaSO4.1/2H2O) (retarder of set)
2. (Retarded hemihydrate)
2
2.1 (undercoat plaster)
2.2 (final coat plaster)
3. (anhydrous gypsum plaster)
(CaSO4)
4. (Keenes plaster)

110
(CaO)
(Na2O)
(MgO)
(SO3)
(NaCl)
(Loss on ignition)
1
2/3 SO3
2

2/3 SO3
0.6
4
2/3 SO3
0.6
3
2/3
SO3
0.6
35.0
0.2
35.0
0.2
40.0
-
47.0
-
4.0
9.0
4.0
9.0
3.0
2.0
0.6
2 (lime)
(Ca(OH)2) 3
9.3
(CaSO4.2H2O)

9.4
(CaO)
(SO3)
(Combined water)
.
30.27-34.10
43.60-45.68
17.03-20.03
95
3
.
31.50-32.39
44.64-44.92
18.95-20.03
111
(Ilmenite)
1. P.W.Gillibrand Co.
Oak Springs alluvial
(TiO2)
48.5
(FeO)
38.0
0.5
(Al2O3)
(CaO)
1.2
(MgO)
0.8
(SiO2)
2.2
2. Kenmare Resources
(TiO2)
(Al2O3)
(Cr2O3)
(SiO2)
(Fe2O3)
(FeO)
Sulphate ilmenite
53.7
0.47
0.09
0.60
24.70
17.40
Standard ilmenite
57.5
0.7
0.43
0.64
32.5
8.3
112
3. Titania A/S Tellnes
44-45
(TiO2)
(SiO2)
2-3.5
(FeO)
34.5-35.5
(Fe2O3)
12-13
(CaO)
0.25-0.32
(MnO)
0.29-0.32
0.15-0.2
(V2O5)
(MgO)
3.5-5.1
(P2O5)
0.03
0.08
(Cr2O3)
(S as sulphide) 0.25
C Fat content
0.05
(Fe total)
34.5-36.5
(Ni)
200
(Cu)
15
(Co)
200
(Zn)
200
(Hg)
0.01
(Cd)
0.1
(Pb)
5
(U)
1
(Th)
2
113
4.
4.1
RGC
55.5
28.9
20.7
1.3
0.03
0.85
0.03
Tiwest Cable Westralian CRL ISK

50-51 60
54.6
54-56
61.0
(TiO2)
32-34 30
16.8
18-24
32.5
(Fe2O3)
n.a. 6.0
23.2
16-22
3.6
(FeO)
0.59 0.80
n.a.
0.5-0.8
1.2
(Al2O3)
0.27 0.05
0.04
0.5-0.8
0.11
(Cr2O3)
0.46 0.40
0.70
0.4-0.7
0.85
(SiO2)
n.a. 0.014
0.035
0.02-0.04
0.14
(P2O5)
+ (U+Th),
20 210 70
140 85 130-140
Tiwest : Tiwest Sales Pty Ltd Munbinea Shoreline,

Western Australia
Cable : Cable Sands (W.A.) Ltd. Bunbury, Western Australia
Westralian : Westralian Sands Ltd. Capel, Western Australia
CRL : Consolidated Rutile Ltd North Stradbroke Island, Queenland
ISK : ISK Minerals Pty Ltd Waroona and Capel, Western Australia
RGC : RGC Mineral Sands Ltd Eneabba, Western Australia
4.1 Westralian Sands Limited
(Sulphate grade) Yoganup
Capel, Western Australian
(Guarantees)
55.00
(TiO2)
(Cr2O3)
0.05
114
(Typical Chemical Analysis)

55-58
(TiO2)
(FeO)
10-16
25-30
(Fe2O3)
(MnO)
1.3-1.5
(Cr2O3)
0.03-0.04
(V2O5)
0.15-0.25
0.15-0.17
(Nb2O5)
(Al2O3)
0.4-0.7
(P2O5)
0.03-0.05
(SiO2)
0.4-0.7
0.1-0.2
(ZrO2)
(CaO)
0.01-0.02
(SO3)
0.01-0.02
(Loss on ignition)
105
0.2-0.4
0.3-0.6
Uanttackable TiO2
(Typical Physical Data)
(Bulk Density)
(Specific Gravity)
2,500 /
4.4
115
5.
Indian Rare Earths Ltd. (IRE)
Q ilmenite
MK ilmenite
OR ilmenite
50.2
55.0
(TiO2)
60.0
12.76
18.9
25.5
(Fe2O3)
0.01
0.06
0.4
(ZrO2)
0.8
0.90
0.9
(SiO2)
0.03
0.12
0.2
(P2O5)
0.6
0.8
1.1
(Al2O3)
Q Chavara Quilon Tamil Nadu
MK Manavalakurichi Kanyakumari Tamil Nadu
OR Chatrapur Ganjam region Orissa
6.
3
A
B
C
(FeO)
27
16
12
52
56
60
(TiO2)
116
7.
Ceylon Mineral Sands Corp. (CMSC)
Ilmenite
Hi Ti ilmenite
61.95
(TiO2)
52.32
n.a.
21.99
(Fe2O3)
1.57
0.38
(Al2O3)
0.57
1.18
(SiO2)
0.47
0.05
(Cr2O3)
0.39
0.17
(V2O5)
0.35
0.19
(P2O5)
8.
8.1
1
2
46.6
(TiO2)
50.5
39.51
38.2
(FeO)
9.11
9.2
(Fe2O3)
0.10
0.2
(Cr2O3)
2.76
0.12
(V2O5)
1. Ilmenite concentrate, Umgababa, Natal
2. Ilmenite concentrate, Isipingo, Natal
3. Ilmenite fraction, vanrhynsdorp District, Cape Province
3
41.6
34.1
19.7
0.0
0.92
117
8.2 RB slag Chloride process

85
(TiO2)
25
(Ti2O3)
(CaO)
0.15
(MgO)
1.3
(Cr2O3)
0.3
(V2O5)
0.6
(MnO)
2.5
9.
1
58.5
35.4
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
61.6 55.6 38.9 66.5 70.5 79.3 69.0 75.2
32.0 36.6 - 26.2 24.6 19.8 30.9 21.7
44.2 1.8
4.0 5.2
2.5
(TiO2)
(FeO)
(Fe2O3)
0.2
(SiO2)
0.9
(CaO)
0.1
(MnO)
2.5
(MgO)
0.1
H2O- 100 C
+
2.7
H2O 110 C
1. Ilmenite from coastal sand, Sergipe
2. Ilmenite and rutile, Bom Jarin, Minas Gerais
3. Ilmenite from Pissaguera, Parana
4. Ilmenite from Sao Sebastiao, Sao Paulo
5. Ilmenite and rutile, Anapolis, Goias
6. Material from riverbed, Rio Grande, Minas Gerais
7. Ilmenite and rutile, Santa Guiteria, Ceara
8. Ilmenite and rutile, Neopolis, Sergipe
118
(Iron)
(Iron ore)
(Magnetite) (Hematite)
(Goethite) (Limonite) (siderite)
(Pyrite) 2 (Calcined)
(CO2) (S)

(Red ore) (Black ore) (Brown ore)
(Siderite)
119
(Fe)
(O)
(H2O)
(CO2)
(FeO)
(S)
Magnetite
Hematite
Fe3O4
72.4
27.6
5.5-6.5
4.9-5.2
Fe2O3
70.0
30.0
6
4.9-5.3
Limonite
FeO.OH.
nH2O
60.0
10.0
5-5.5
3.6-4
Goethite
Siderite
Pyrite
FeO.OH
63.0
27.0
10.0
5-5.5
4.37
FeCO3
48.3
37.9
62.1
3.5-4
3.83-3.88
FeS2
46.6
53.4
6-6.5
4.9-5.2
1. ASTM
(American Society for testing Material)
1.1 (Black synthetic iron oxede) ASTM D 769-81
93.0
(Fe2O3.FeO or Fe3O4 )
(FeO)
20.0
0.5
1.0
325
0.5
(Hydrogen ion concentration : pH value)
4.5-8.5
120
1.2
(Synthetic red iron Anhydrous ferric oxide) ASTM D 3721-78
95.0
1.0
none
2.0
1.0
0.5
(Fe2O3)
(Organic coloring matter)
(SO3)
325 45
1.3 (Yellow iron oxide hydrated)
ASTM D 767-81
(Fe2O3.H2O)
(Fe2O3)
(Loss on ignition)
325 45
(Hydrogen ion concentration : pH valve)
93.0
83.0
13.0
1.0
0.5
0.5
4.5-8.0
1.4 (Synthetic brown iron oxide)

(FeO)
(Fe2O3)
(Carbon black)
(SO3)
325 45
0-10
83-98
5.0
1.0
none
2.0
0.5
1.0
121
1.5
(Natural red and brown iron oxide) ASTM D 3722-78
(Fe2O3)
(SO3)
:
325 45
70.0
1.0
none
2.0
2.0
1.0
2.0
2.
(Australian Commonwealth Engineering Standard Association. AS : K 61-1939)
2.1 (Black Oxide of Iron for paints)
(Fe2O3)
90.0
(Coarse particles)
0.5
(Volatile matter)
1.0
1.0
* (Mineral acid and alkali)
1.0
* (H2SO4 or Na2CO3)
2.2
(Purple oxide iron for paints.) AS : K 62-1939
85.0
(Fe2O3)
(Coarse particles)
0.5
(Volatile matter)
1.0
1.5
(Mineral acid and alkali)
0.1
122
2.3
(Natural red oxide of iron for paints.) AS : K 59-1939
A (Fe2O3)
B (Fe2O3)
(Coarse particles)
(Volatile matter)

(Content of soluble sulphates : CaSO4)
(Content of carbonates : CaCO3)
2.4
(Manufactured red oxide of iron for paints.) AS : K 60-1939
(Fe2O3)
(Coarse particles)
(Volatile matter)

(Content of soluble sulphates : CaSO4)
(Content of carbonates : CaCO3)
75.0
65.0
0.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.5
5.0
95.0
0.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.5
1.0
3.
(International Organization for Standard : ISO/R 1248-1970.E)

3.1
3.2
3.3
Cl- SO4- 3.4
123
3.1 3.2 (Fe2O3)

Group
Red
Yellow
Brown
Black
Grey with metallic sheen
Category
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
A
B
A
Fe2O3
95.0
70.0
50.0
10.0
83.0
70.0
50.0
10.0
87.0
70.0
30.0
95.0
70.0
85.0
3.3
Cl- SO4- -

105 C
(Cl- SO4- - )
Type 1
Red and brown only
0.3
0.1
Type 2
Red and brown
0.3-1.0
Yellow, black and grey
1.0
Type 3
1.0-5.0
-
124
3.4
63
0.01
0.01-0.1
0.1-1.0
5.0-15.0
1
2
3
4 ()
4.
(Fe2O3)
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
(MnO2)
Red ochre
75.0
5.0
5.0
-
Yellow ochre
50.0
30.0
5.0
-
Sienna
40.0
30.0
15.0
5.0
Umber
45.0
15.0
10.0
20.0
5.
5.1 Fer-O-Bar
85.0
(Fe2O3)

15.0
(Water soluble solids)
0.1
*Earth metals
100 ppm
*Earth metals 3 Periodic Al
125
5.2
(Chemical analysis)
(Fe)
66.5-67.5
2.5-3.6
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
0.4-0.7
(Ca++ soluble) 200
(S)
-0.02
(P)
0.01-0.06
(Cu)
-0.01
105C
8.0-9.5
(Physical analysis)
200
325
()
()
8
97.0
80-85
5.0

155
143
.
.
126
6. (Fe3O4 , magnetite) Pea

Ridge Iron Ore Co. Missouri
(Fe)
71.9
0.16
(SiO2)
(CaO)
0.047
(MgO)
0.04
0.039
(Al2O3)
(TiO2)
0.084
(K2O)
0.007
(Na2O)
0.012
(S)
0.015
(Mn)
0.03
(Cu)
0.01
(Cr)
0.0025
(Ni)
0.0045
(Mo)
0.001
(P)
0.023
Apparent bulk density (lbs/ft3)

Specific gravity
BET Surface area (m2/gm)
Moisture (%)
Screen size (% passing 325 mesh)
180
5.0
0.5
0.1
99.8
127
7.
7.1 Productos Minerales para la Industrial SA (Promindsa)
Micronised
Superfine
red
red
iron oxide
iron oxide
(Micronox)
(Fe2O3)
81.0
81.0
5.0
5.0
(SiO2)
(CaO)
2.279
2.279
(MgO)
2.000
2.000
(Al2O3)
2.500
2.500
(Mn)
0.060
0.060
(P)
0.026
0.026
(S)
0.005
0.005
(Water-soluble salts)
0.130
0.130
(Loss on ignition)
7.000
7.000
- (pH)
8
8
(Particle size)
50
100
10
25
91.88
8
15
89.77
6
10
79.82
4
5
60.61
2
2
25.27
1
1
5.49
(Oil absorption), /..
15.6
19.5
(Opacity),
97
99
Tint strength,
68
100
High
purity
iron oxide
(Ferrox)
97.5
0.96
0.030
0.020
0.933
0.038
0.019
0.500
%
100
94.43
90.24
75.95
42.81
10.19
128
7.2 Romero Hermanos SA (protective paint

system)
(Fe2O3)
89-96
0.5
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
0.7
(CaO)
0.15
(MgO)
1.4
1.4
(CO2)
8. (Via Gellia Colour
Co., Ltd.
Red
oxide
No.146M
(Fe2O3)%
96.8
(MgO)%
(SiO2+Al2O3)%
2.3
(Water soluble)%
0.3
- (pH of extract) %
5.5
(Loss on ignition)%
0.4
(Specific gravity)
5.0
(Oil absorption), /100
24
(Particle size)
45
(Bulk density), /..
No.146M
No.381
No.369
No.333
B61
:
:
:
:
:
0.9
Brown
oxide
No.381
Brown
oxide
No.369
Red
oxide
No.333
Umber
B61
73.2
85.3
80.8
1.8
0.6
6.0
14.1
2.5
0.7
6.0
8.7
9.49
0.10
7.0
1.16
53.1
12.8
12.8
0.6
7.0
4.2
4.1
4.4
4.6
4.1
33
40
17
55
0.5%
0.2%
0.2%
0.1%

63
63
63
63

0.68
0.7
1.78
0.75
High grade micronised synthetic red oxide

Strong brown oxide mainly for concrete industry
Mixed pigment to form a marigold colour
Low cost natural iron oxide with variety of applications
Excellent natural oxide with a micronised grade (MB61) for paints, etc.
129
9.

4.5-5.1 (A)
4.5-5(A) 4.45-4.55 (SSD)
160 /.
160-190 /.
4
1-3
0.01
(Fe)
65
65-69
+ (Al2O3+SiO2)
5
0.8-4.5
10.
10.1
(Fe)
(Al2O3)
(S)
(P)
(Cu)
10.2
(Fe)
( 50 )
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
(S)
(P)
(As)
(Sn)
105C
8 200 .
6 .
51
15
0.25
0.1
0.1
59
15
5
0.1
0.1
0.02
0.03
8
25
130
11. (Natural Red Oxide)

80.0
(Fe2O3)
1.0
0.1
12 gm.oil/100 gm.pigment
4.2
131
(China clay or Kaolin)
China clay Kaolin

Kaolinite
Al2O3.2SiO2.2H2O
(SiO2)
46
(Al2O3) 40
(H2O)
14
2.0-2.5
2.6
1,785C
1.
ASTM
(American Society for Testing Materialsl)
1.1 : ASTM D 603-91
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
(Loss on ignition)
325
43-47
37-40
10-15
1.0
2.0
132
1.2 (White pigment) : ASTM D 603-91

(Reapproved 1979)
Ideal
39.5
46.54
13.96
Typical
38.80
45.40
0.3
1.50
0.10
0.10
0.10
Trace
13.8
Range
37-42A
43-48B
-
(Al2O3)
(SiO2)
(Fe2O3)
(TiO2)
(CaO)
(Na2O)
(K2O)
(Other oxides)
(Free Moisture 105C)
1,000C
(Loss on ignition 1,000C)
A :
(Al2O3) 5% Allophane
B :
(SiO2) 5% Quartz
Maximum
0.50
2.00
0.20
0.30
0.20
0.10
1.0
15.0
2.
133
1
39.60
45.40
0.42
0.66
0.06
0.04
0.21
0.07
13.77
2
37.3-38.4
44.9-45.3
0.27-0.61
1.35-1.75
0.03-0.25
0.2-0.3
0.2-0.35
0.04-0.10
13.4-13.8
(Al2O3)
(SiO2)
(Fe2O3)
(TiO2)
(CaO)
(MgO)
(Na2O)
(K2O)
(Loss on ignition)
(Brightness)
90-92
(Particles size distribution)

95
- 2
0.005
- 325
1.
2. Courtery Georgia Kaolin Co.
3.
3
38.0
45.0
1.0
2.0
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
14.0
74
99.8
3.
134

Amapa
Para
(Amazon88, CADAM) (Capim, CVRD)
45.1
44.5
37.75
37.9
1.90
0.77
1.10
1.85
0.24
0.10
0.10
13.85
-
Minas
Gerais
44.96
39.37
0.34
0.10
0.10
0.06
0.34
14.7
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
(Fe2O3)
(TiO2)
(MgO)
(CaO)
(Na2O)
(K2O)
(Loss on ignition)
CADAM Caulim da Amazonia SA
Jari Amapa
CVRD Companhia Vale do Rio Doce
Capim Para
Minas Gerais
135
4.

4.1 Skardon River, Western coast of cape York in
Northern Australia
(SiO2)
43.1-46.3
(Al2O3)
36.1-38.3
(Fe2O3)
0.8-1.2
(TiO2)
1.8-2.1
(CaO)
0.02-0.1
(MgO)
0.05-0.2
(Na2O)
0.1-0.3
(K2O)
0.1-0.4
(Loss on ignition)
11.9-15.2
1. (Particle size)
- 5
99
- 2
92
2. (Brightness)
87 88
3. (Abrasion) AT1000
3.6
136
4.2 Pittong, Victoria, Kaolin Australia (Pty) Ltd.
(SiO2)
46.0
(Al2O3)
38.0
(Fe2O3)
0.57
(TiO2)
0.81
(CaO)
0.06
(MgO)
0.20
(Na2O)
0.12
(K2O)
0.11
(Loss on ignition)
13.9
1. (Particle size)
- 2
603.0
- 10
12
- 300 0.05
2. (Brightness) 458 84.01.0
5.
137
(Al2O3)
(SiO2)
(Fe2O3)
(TiO2)
(CaO)
(MgO)
(Na2O)
(K2O)
(SO3)
(Loss on ignition)
Ceramic
grade
35.5
50.0
0.4
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.8
13.0
Refractory
grade
35.5
49.3
0.8
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
1.0
13.5
White Cement
Grade A
28.0
52.0
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
1.2
2.0
18.0
White Cement
Grade B
17.0
73.3
0.4
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.6
2.0
8.0
37-39
(Al2O3)
(SiO2)
46-47
(Fe2O3)
0.4-1.0
(TiO2)
1
(Loss on ignition)
12.5
(K2O)
1.0-2.0
6.
138
7. New Zealand China Clays Limited

Premium Halloysite
(translucency) porcelain bone chine
ware
50.1
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
35.8
(Fe2O3)
0.22
0.08
(TiO2)
(MgO)
0.06
(CaO)
0.07
(K2O)
0.05
0.06
(Na2O)
(Loss on ignition) 13.8
(Moisture)
3
(El Repho Brightness)

90.8 ( 88.5)
8.
8.1 (.74-2529)
1

80
2
45
0.2
3
30
- 5
50
- 2
4

40
5

3
6
-
5.5
139
8.2 (.485-2526)
1 2 3
1. 45
1.0
2.0
5.0

2.
12.0
10.5
10.5
3. (Al2O3)
36.0
30.0
30.0
4. (SiO2)
45.0
50.0
50.0
5. (Fe2O3)
1.0
1.5
2.0
6. (TiO2)
0.7
1.5
1.5
7.
1.5
2.75
3.0

8. (Linear shrinkage)
7.5
7.5
7.5
8.1 110
12.0
12.0
12.0
8.2 1,200
15.5
15.5
15.5
8.3 1,350
1,200
1,350
140
8.3 (.1058-2534)

- 20
- 10
- 2
45 (325 )
1,000
-
10

100

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1 2 3
99.5
88
65
0.05
90
70
15
0.5
95
80
35
0.1
2
10 4
4.5 9.5
80
45 55
75
40 50
0.5
30 45
141
8.4 (.1059-2534)
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
8.5
1
2
3
4
5

10
2

125
45

1000
-
10
27/27
( Fe2O3)

1
2
1
95
75
75
20
1.50/1.00 1.50/1.00 1.50/1.00 1.50/1.00
10 14
0.01
0.1
2
6 14 10 14
6 14
4.5 9.5
2.4 2.8
2
50
100
(.1060-2534)
45 (325 )

- 20
(bulk bensity)
( As2O3)
0.5
3.0
5.5 7.5
0.3 0.4
10
8.6
1
2
3
4
5
142

600 (30 )

- 20
( As2O3)
8.7 (.1064-2534)
5
2
2

3
45 (325 )
4

5
1000
6
- 20
7
27/27
8

9

10

11
( Fe2O3)
60
0.5
3
5.5 7.5
10
5
80
1.20/1.00
0.01
3
10 14
4.0 7.5
2.5 2.9
85
20
2.5
0.7
143
9.

9.1
(SiO2)
50.0
(Al2O3)
34.0
(Fe2O3)
0.8
(CaO)
0.5
(MgO)
1.0
(Na2O)
0.2
(K2O)
0.2
9.2
(Brightness)
(Fineness) 325
(Moisture)
- (pH)
(Specific gravity)
(Refractive index)
80.0
0.2
1.0
4-6
2.5-2.6
1.5-1.6
10.
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
(Fe2O3)
(TiO2)
(CaO)
(K2O)
(Na2O)
(Loss on ignition)
. .
44.5
38.2
0.8
0.2
0.1
0.8
14.2
.
48.6
36.4
0.94
0.02
0.08
2.0
0.19
11.73
144
1.
(Abrasive value)
(Brightness)
(size) : -325
2.
(size) : -325
(Volume drying shrinkage)
11.
47.4
80.0
99.4
100
21
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
(Fe2O3)
(K2O)
(Na2O)
(CaO)
(MgO)
(TiO2)
(Loss on ignition)
200 mesh 325 mesh

65.29
62.40
19.80
21.46
1.36
1.34
7.31
8.09
0.97
1.27
0.001
0.16
0.04
5.04
200 mesh 250 mesh 325 mesh

61.7
53.9
51.0
25.8
29.9
32.1
1.5
1.3
1.5
4.38
5.49
5.73
0.83
1.27
1.16
0.001
0.73
0.62
0.95
0.20
0.64
0.72
0.36
0.03
5.02
4.31
6.25
6.56
145
(Lead)

1. (Galena)
PbS
Pb
86.6
S
13.4
2.5
7.4-7.6
2. (Cerussite)
PbCO3
PbO
86.6
13.4
CO3
3-3.5
6.55
3. (Anglesite)
PbSO4
PbO
73.6
26.4
SO3
3
6.2-6.4
(Concentrate) (Pb)
146
70-80
(World and US prices)

London Metal Exchange (LME) Brands of standard lead
(Pb)
99.97
Lead, soft : (Pb)

99.9
Virgin Ingots : (Pb)

99.99
(Pb)
(Zn)
(As)
(Hg)
60
7
100
100
147

(. 958-2533)
1
2
3
4
0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.002
0.005
0.029
0.050
0.030
0.001
0.001
0..002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.002

0.001
0.001
0.002
0.002
99.99
99.97
99.95
99.90
.
1. (Crude ore)
(Pb)
8-9
2. (Pre-concentrte)
(Pb)
15-20
3. (Concentrate)
(Pb)
60-65
4. (Refined Pb)
(Pb)
99.99
148
1. (Crude ore)
(Pb)
8.8
2. (Pre-concentrte)
(Pb)
20
3. (Concentrate)
(Pb)
65
4. - (Mixed concentrate)
(Pb)
10.48
(Zn)
16.71
(Fe)
8.69
(Ag)
210 /
(Hg)
176 /
149
(Leucoxene)
1.
Cable
Tiwest
85.0
90.0
(TiO2)
10.0
2.3
(Fe2O3)
n.a.
0.09
(P2O5)
0.2-0.5
2.35
(ZrO2)
0.02-0.03
0.015
(S)
0.5-1.2
n.a.
(Al2O3)
0.13-0.15
n.a.
(Cr2O3)
Tiwest : Tiwest Sales Pty Ltd Munbinea, Western Australia
RGC : RGC Mineral Sands Ltd. South of Perth
Cable : Cable Sands (WA) Ltd Bunbury, Western Australia
RGC
89.5
4.9
0.07
0.9
0.02
1.6
0.16
150
2.
90.00
2.05
0.60
1.55
0.70
0.04
0.17
0.96
0.07
0.04
0.27
0.07
0.09
0.41
(TiO2)
(Fe2O3)
(FeO)
(Al2O3)
(ZrO2)
(MnO)
(Cr2O3)
(SiO2)
(P2O5)
(S)
(V2O5)
(CaO)
(MgO)
(H2O)
3.
3.1
(TiO2)
(Fe2O3)
(Al2O3)
(ZrO2)
Premium grade
92.0
2.0
1.5
1.0
3.2
(TiO2)
Standard grade
87.0
2.0
1.5
1.0
Low grade
83.0
6.0
3.0
1.0
90.0
151
(Limestone)
(Limestone)
(CaCO3)
(CaO)
22-56
(MgO)
0-21
(Fe2O3)
3
2.7
152
1. ASTM (American Society for Testing Materials)

1.1 (Limestone Building Stone. ASTM C 568 (04.08)-91)
3
I
(Low-density)
II (Medium-density)
III (High-density)
I
II
III
(Absorption by weight)
12%
7.5%
3.0%
(Density) : /.
110 (1,760) 135 (2,160) 160 (2,560)
(/..)
(Compressive strength) : /.
1,800
4,000
8,000
(Modulus of rupture) : /.
400
500
1,000
, ,
10
10
10
(Abrasion resistance, min, hardness)
1.2 ASTM
(American society for Testing Materials ASTM 1965 Part 13)
(CaO)
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
(Fe2O3)
(MgO)
(Na2O)
(K2O)
(TiO2)
(P2O5)
(MnO)
(C )
(CO2)
(Loss on ignition)
41.32
14.11
4.16
1.63
2.19
0.39
0.71
0.16
0.15
0.038
0.61
33.53
31.53
153
2.1 (foundry. IS : 4140-1967) 2
I
II
(CaO)
50.0
45.0
(Matter insoluble in HCI)
5.0
8.0
++ (SiO2+ Al2O3+ Fe2O3)
7.0
10.0
+ (S+P)
trace
trace
2.2 (IS : 3204-1965) 4
I (bleaching-powder) (bleach liquor)
(Textiles)
II (Soda ash) (Caustic soda)
III (Calcium Carbide)
IV
(CaO)
(MgO)
(Mn2O3)
(CO2)
(SiO2)
(Fe2O3)
(S)
(P)
+ (Al2O3+Fe2O3)
++
(SiO2+ Al2O3+ Fe2O3)
(Loss on
ignition)
154
I
54.0
2.0
0.06
42.0
0.75
0.15
-
II
53.0
1.0
42.0
-
III
54.0
0.8
42.0
1.0
0.25
0.1
0.01
0.5
IV
50.0
1.0
41.0
2.0
1.5
3.0
46.0
46.0
46.0
44.0
2.3 (IS : 997-1973)

(CaO)
+ (CaO+MgO)
(SiO2)
(Fe2O3) .
.
.
53.0
54.5
2.5
0.05
0.1
0.15
155
3.
(Australian Standard. AS : K24-1927)
90.0
3.0
3.0
1.5
(CaCO3)
(MgCO3)
(Volatile matter)
(Coarse particles)
4.
(British Standard. BS : 3108-1959)
(CaO)
(CaCO3)
(Fe2O3)

(Non-Volatile matter, SiO2, insoluble in HCI)
(Organic matter)

(Impurties such as Mn, Pb, S, P)
(Al2O3 and MgO)
55.2
98.5
0.035
1.0
0.1
0.1
5. Calcium aluminate cements (CAC)
(CaO)
55.0
(MgO)
0.2
(SiO2)
0.4
(Al2O3)
0.3
(Fe2O3)
0.2
(Na2O)
0.5
(Loss on ignition)
43.0
156
6. Umzimkulu Lime (Kulu)

Angio Alpha Ltd Natal
Kulubrite 3 Kulubrite 1, Kulubrite 5
Kulubrite 10
Kulubrite 10
(CaCO3)
95.0
(MgCO3)
4.0
(SiO2)
0.2
(Fe2O3)
0.05
(Particle size)
10
7. flux
(CaCO3)
(MgO)
(SiO2)
+ (Al2O3+Fe2O3)
(P)
(S)
(MgCO3)
97.0
0.5
1.2
0.5
0.004
(trace)
-
Flux
95.06
1.73
0.70
0.02
0.049
0.54
157
8.
(CaCO3)
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
(Fe2O3)
(MgO)
(Mn, Cu)
(Loss on ignition)
(Moisture)
(SO4)
,
99.75
0.09
0.02
0.02
trace
43.34
0.1-0.2
-
99.72
0.09
0.02
0.02
trace
43.34
0.1
0.06
9.
CaCO3
90
CaCO3
97-98
MgCO3
5
3
MgCO3 40
158
10.
(CaO)
(CaCO3)
(MgO)
(Fe2O3)
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
+ (Na2O+K2O)
(S)
(P2O5)
High industrial
(Saraburi)
55.0
98.0
0.32
0.06
0.08
0.07
-
Cement Grade
46.0
82.0
1.5
5.0
0.6
4.0
0.4
11.
(CaCO3)
(SiO2)
95-99
1.0
159
(Magnesite)
MgCO3
MgO
CO2
47.8
52.2
3.5-5
3.0-3.2
1,705 C
160
1.
(Argenteuil Co., Quebec)

(Salem, Madras)
(Fifield and Attunga, New
south Wales)
(Veitsh)
(Satka)
(Skoplje)
(Washington)
MgO
CaO
38.4
47.4
41.8
9.5
1.9
Fe2O3 and
Al2O3
1.0
0.3
0.7
43.1
46.4
44.1
46.8
43.5
44.1
46-47
1.1
0.7
3.8
1.4
1.0
3.1
1.2-1.8
4.3
0.4
0.9
0.7
1.5
0.3
0.2-0.8
SiO2 and CO2 and

undermined
H2O
1.7
49.4
0.6
51.7
2.4
53.2
1.6
1.4
0.6
0.3
1.5
1.3
0.3-0.8
49.9
51.1
50.6
50.8
52.5
51.3
-
2. (IS : 3607-1966)
2.0
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
0.3
(Fe2O3)
1.0
(MgO)
45.0
(CaO)
1.0
(Loss on ignition)
48.0
161
3.
Chamotte Hokdings (Pty) Ltd. Malelane Transvaal
- Magnesite S2 flux
- Caustic magnesia
(MgO)
(CaO)
(SiO2)
(Fe2O3)
(Al2O3)
(K2O)
(Na2O)
(TiO2)
(Loss on ignition)
(Cl)
(SO4)
(Bulk density)
Magnesite S2
47.95
0.5
2.1
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.06
0.04
48.64
Caustic Magnesia
83.0
1.5
6.0
0.3
0.2
8.0
-0.01
1.0
1.55
(MgSO4) (%)
(Cl)
(Ca)
(Fe)
(As)
(Heavy metals as Pb)
Epsom salts
Epsom salts
BP grade
Technical grade
48.6
48.0
300
0.03
120
0.02
20
0.01
5
0.001
10
162
4. Kumwarara
Queensland
()
(MgO)
41.4
47.3
44.2
(CaO)
0.7
5.1
2.1
(Al2O3)
0.07
0.47
0.20
(Fe2O3)
0.08
0.26
0.14
(SiO2)
0.45
3.94
1.33
(MnO)
0.01
0.14
0.05
(Loss on ignition)
48.0
50.4
49.5
5. Carkara
(Cryptocrystalline magnesite)
1
2
(MgO)
46.5
46.0
(CaO)
0.77
1.02
(SiO2)
0.64
0.38
(Fe2O3)
0.02
0.12
163
6.
1
30.66
0.1
0.34
5.98
0.52
23.55
35.41
2
31.05
0.08
0.07
6.48
2.01
18.39
38.56
3
20.91
0.04
0.15
2.89
17.86
15.87
38.46
4
19.86
0.30
0.65
4.33
10.21
32.43
30.28
(MgO)
(Cr2O3)
(Al2O3)
(Fe2O3)
(CaO)
(SiO2)
(Loss on ignition)

164
(Manganese)
35
Alabandite
Braunite
Hausmannite
Mangnite
Psilomelane
Pyrolusite
Rhodochrosite
Rhodonite
MnS
Mn2O3
Mn3O4
Mn2O3.H2O
BaMnMn8O16 (OH)4
MnO2
MnCO3
MnSiO3
( Mn)
63.14
60-69
65-72
50-62
45-60
55-63.2
47.8
32-41
4.0
4.7-5.0
4.7-4.9
4.2-4.33
3.7-4.7
4.7-5.0
3.6-3.7
3.4-3.75
3.5-4.0
6.0
5.0
3-4
5-6
5-6
3.5-4.5
5-55
165
U.S.Bureau of
Mines
Ferruginous managanese ore 10-35
Manganiferous iron ore 5-10
3
1.
2.
3.
1.
(Mn) 38-55
Encyclopedia of Chemical
Technology
(Mn)
48
(Fe)
6
(Al2O3)
7
11
(Al2O3+ SiO2)
(As)
0.18
(P)
0.19
(Cu+Pb+Zn)
0.30
2.
75-85
(MnO2)
(Mn)
48-58
3-5
(Absorbed H2O)
(Fe)
0.2-0.3
(SiO2)
0.5-5
(Metallic impurities)
0.1-0.2
166
3.
(Chemical grade managanese dioxide)
(Type B)
(Type A)
grade P-81 grade P-81-R
(MnO2)
80.0
85.0
82.0
(Mn)
53.0
(Fe)
3.0
3.0
3.0
(SiO2)
3.0
5.0
(Al2O3)
3.0
3.0
(P)
0.1
0.2
(As)
0.05
0.1
Hydroquinone
()
4.
(MnO2)
(MnO)
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
(CaO)
(MgO)
(CO2)
(Fe2O3)
(Particle size)
93.12
82.50
0.56
0.15
2.35
5.66
0.85
1.23
0.25
0.25
0.26
1.60
0.40
3.45
0.49-0.61
0.49-0.61
53 5
167
5.
Jan de Poorter BV Mangalox
Mangalox A
Mangalox A Mangalox B Mangalox C

(MnO2)
79.0
69.0
76.0
(MnO)
1.0
3.0
2.0
(SiO2)
3.5
5.0
8.0
(Al2O3)
4.5
9.0
3.0
(Fe2O3)
3.0
5.5
(TiO2)
0.3
0.3
(CaO)
0.05
0.2
(MgO)
0.35
0.2
(BaO)
2.8
0.4
(Na2O)
0.1
0.1
(K2O)
0.6
0.7
(PbO)
0.02
0.02
(S)
0.01
(SO3)
0.05
(P)
0.09
(P2O5)
0.25
(CoO)
0.04
0.15
(NiO)
0.05
0.1
(CuO)
0.06
0.07
(CO2)
0.2
(ZnO)
0.06
(Water of crystallization)
3.0
5.0
(Density) : /..
3.8
4.1
4.3
(Bulk weight):/..
1.0
1.3
1.2-1.3
(Hardness):
5
5.5
4
168
6.
heavy clay products ceramic bodies Jan de Poorter BV
(MnO2)
(MnO)
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
(Fe2O3)
(Water of crystallization)
Bricolor X45
68.0
5.0
3.5
7.5
10.0
2.5
7.
(A Well-known British maker of dry batteries specifies ore)
(MnO2)
(Fe)
(CO2)
Bricolor C45
76.0
2.0
8.0
3.0
2.0
1.5
84.0
2.0
0.5
10
Bricolor H45
80.0
2.0
8.0
2.0
1.0
1.5
8. (Chemical composition of synthetic

managanese, Electrolytic managanese dioxide or EMD) Encyclopedia of Chemical
technology
85
(MnO2)
(Mn)
58
(H2O)
2
(Fe)
0.3
0.5
(SiO2)
(Total heavy metals)
0.3
(Pb)
0.2
- (pH)
6-7
169
9. : U.S.
National Stockpile Specification P-30-R2 Managanese metallurgical (Ore. Nodule, and Sinter), August
31, 1971 (nodule) (sinter) 4
(Mn)
48.00
48.00
46.00
44.00
10.
(U.S. National Stockpile Specification P-29-R June 16, 1961)
Synthetic
(MnO2)
85.0
75.0
68.0
(Mn)
58.0
48.0
(Fe)
0.3
3.0
2.5
(SiO2)
0.5
10.0
1.0
(Alkali and alkali earth metal)
(Pb)
0.2
0.5
(As)
0.1
(Cu)
0.03
(Heavy Metal)
0.3*
0.05**
(pH)
4-8
4-8
*
**
170
11. Ghana National Manganese corp. (GNMC)

4
11.1 R grade ore containing 52% Mn
11.2 Standard metallurgical grade ore containing 48% Mn
11.3 C grade ore containing 42% Mn
11.4 Carbonate ore containing 28-30% Mn
12. Cie Minierede; Ogooue (Comilog)
Moanda 4
12.1 A 70% MnO2 fines grade
12.2 An 80% MnO2 hydrometallurgical grade
12.3 An Intermediate 74% MnO2 fines grade
12.4 A 48-50% MnO2 flue dust wate material
13. SA Cherifienne dEtudes Minieres
(SACEM) Imini mine high value ultrafine grade
Brandname
40
75
MnO2
MnO
(325 )
(200 )
UF ST
80
90
74
47
UF 80
95
98
80
52
UF 84
95
98
84
54
UF 88
95
98
88
56
UF 92
95
98
92
58
UF ST
UF 80 UF 88
UF 84
UF 92 ferrites
171
14. Samancor Ltd. Mamatwan in

the Northerm Cape
14.1 Chemical MnO2
(MnO2)
40.0
(Fe)
8.0
(SiO2)
7.0
(CaO)
4.0
(MgO)
1.5
0.2
(Al2O3)
(Na2O)
1.3
(P)
0.05
14.2 Samancors sinter products
High grade
Standard grade
(Mn)
50.6
44.0
(Fe)
5.9
6.0
(SiO2)
5.4
6.8
(Al2O3)
0.9
0.95
(CaO)
13.4
17.2
(MgO)
2.8
2.8
(Na2O)
0.34
0.35
(K2O)
0.18
0.20
(P)
0.03
0.03
(S)
0.03
0.03
15.
Pyrolusite Scalma 72 Scalma 74
Scalma 72 : Mn
48%
Scalma 74 : Mn
49%
172
16. Groote Eylandt Mining Co.Pty.Ltd.

Northern Territory
(MnO2)
74
78
(Mn)
48-50
51-53
(SiO2)
4.5-7.5
3.0-4.0
(Fe)
3.5-5.0
2.5-3.5
(Al2O3)
4.0-6.0
3.0-4.5
(P)
0.06-0.10
0.06-0.10
17. Companhia Vale
Do Rio Doce (CVRD) Serra de Carajas
17.1 (Chemical grade)
76.5
(MnO2)
(Mn)
51.0
(Fe)
3.20
(SiO2)
2.60
(Al2O3)
5.70
(P)
0.15
(CaO)
0.23
(MgO)
0.32
(Na2O)
0.07
(K2O)
2.05
(Loss on ignition)
15.50
: 2
100%
: 1
80%
173
17.2 (Battery grade)

(MnO2)
(Mn)
(Fe)
(Pb)
(Cu)
(Ni)
(Co)
(As)
: 100
: 1
1
81.0
53.8
3.0
0.022
0.025
0.05
0.016
0.004
2
76.5
51.0
3.0
0.025
0.03
0.06
0.02
0.003
100%
95%
18. Chile
(Mn)
50.37
(MnO2)
53.64
(SiO2)
7.18
(Fe2O3)
1.72
(K2O)
0.24
(Na2O)
0.59
(Al2O3)
1.88
(CaO)
3.06
(MgO)
0.8
(BaO)
1.72
(P)
0.018
(S)
0.38
(Pb)
0.01
(C )
0.1
174
19. -
(China National metals and Minerals Import and Export Corporation)
19.1 Manganese ore
1
2
3
4
5
(Mn)
46
44
40
38
35
19.2 Ferruginous Mangancse ore
30
17
(Mn)
(Fe)
19.3 Silicous manganese ore
30
25
(Mn)
(SiO2)
19.4 Manganese dioxide in lumps
(MnO2)
(Fe)
1
80
3
2
75
4
3
70
6
4
65
6
5
60
7
19.5 Manganese dioxide in powder

1
2
3
4
(MnO2)
80
75
70
65
(Fe)
3
4
6
6
: 95 30, 80, 120 200
5
60
7
175
20. (Indian
Standard)
1
2
3
4
(Mn)
48
46-48
44-46
40-44
(Fe)
7.0
7.5
9.0
12.0
(SiO2)
8.0
9.0
10.0
12.0
(P)
0.12
0.15
0.15
0.15
850 (Indian Standard Sieve) 95
21. Toc Tac
(Mn)
30
(Fe)
6.4
(SiO2)
23
(P)
0.224
22.
(Total Mn)
52.9
(MnO2)
82.2
(Moisture)
2.86
(Fe)
1.8
(SiO2)
1.44
(Al)
3.5
(Ti)
0.01
(Sn)
0.03
(P)
0.04
(S)
0.03
(As)
0.005
(Cu)
0.04
(Loss on ignition)
10.9
176
23.
90
(MnO2)
, (Fe, Cu)
0
24.

Battery activity, Fe MnO2 Battery activity
Fe 3.0 5.0
Fe (Fe2O3) MnO2 65.0
(Cu) 0.02
24.1
75.0
MnO2
Fe
1.00
24.2
24.2.1
Mn
40.0
SiO2
12.0
Fe
6.0
P
0.10
24.2.2
Mn
30-36
SiO2
5.0
Fe
28.0
P
0.1
24.2.3
Mn
30-36
SiO2
28
Fe
0.5
P
0.1
25.
25.1
177
(MnO2)
60-70
(Fe)
4-5
(Cu)
0.04
25.2
(MnO2) 70
25.3
(MnO2)
70-80
25.4
87.61
(MnO2)
(Fe)
4.16
178
(Marble)

marble (Omamental
stones) (Limestone)
2
:
CaCO3
95-100
54
:
CaCO3
MgCO3
46
1. ASTM (American Society for Testing Materials. ASTM

C 503(04.08)-91) (Mable building stone (exterior)
4
1 (Calcite)
2 (Dolomite)
3 (Serpentine)
4 (Travertine)
(Absorption by
weight) :
(Density) : /.
(/..)
(Compressive strength)
: /.
(Modulus of rupture)
: /.
(Abrasion resistance)
179
1
0.75
162(2,595)
2
0.75
3
0.75
4
0.75
175(2,800) 168(2,690) 144(2,305)
7,500
7,500
7,500
7,500
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
10
10
10
10
2. Marble Institute of American

(Marble Institute of American A Stone classification based on Soundness)
4
Group A :
Sound mables and stones with uniform and very favourable working qualities.
Group B :
Marbles and stones similar in character to the preceding group but working qualities
somewhat less favourable ; may have natural faults ; a limited amount of waxing
and sticking necessary.
Group C :
Marbles and stones with some variations in working qualities ; geological flaws,
voids, veins, and lines of separation are common ; it is standard practice to repair
these variations by sticking., waxing, and filling ; liners and other forms of
reinforcements employed when necessary.
Group D :
Marble and stone similar to the preceding group but containing a larger proportion
of natural faults and a maximum variation in working qualities, requiring more of
the same methods of finishing. This group comprises many of the highly coloured
marbles prized for their decorative qualities.
3.
3-4
2.91 /
1,522
180
(Marl)
(Lime Carbonate)
(Clay) 35-65 35
65 65 35
1.
2.
-
90
(CaCO3)
3
(MgCO3)
+ (CaCO3 + MgCO3)
(CaCO3)
(CaO)
(MgCO3)
(MgO)
(Fe2O3)
(Al2O3)
(SiO2)
. .
92.86
91.52
92.71
91.09
51.95
51.04
0.15
0.43
0.14
0.04
0.80
0.73
1.63
1.35
2.57
5.40
181
(Mica)
1.
Muscovite Potassium mica
KAl2(AlSi3O10) (OH)2
SiO2
46
Al2O3
35
10.5
K2O
H2O
4.5
2.76-2.88
2-2.5
182
2.
Biotite Magnesium-iron mica
K(Mg.Fe)3 (AlSi3O10) (OH)2

37
SiO2
Al2O3
18
K2O
9
MgO
8
FeO
21
H2O
2.8-3.2
2.5-3
3.
Phlogopite Magnesium mica
KMg3 (AlSi3O10) (OH)2
SiO2
40
17
Al2O3
K2O
10
MgO
26
H2O
3
2.86
2.5-3
Lepidolite Lithium mica
K(Li,Al)2-3 (AlSi3O10) (O,H,F)2

3.3-7
Li2O
2.8-2.9
2.5-4
4.
5.
183
Margarite Calcium mica
CaAl2(Al2 Si2O10) (OH)2

30.2
SiO2
Al2O3
51.3
CaO
14.0
H2O
4.5
3-3.1
3.5-5
non-sheet
Grade
Sieve size
Uses
Coarse flakes
6 mesh
Oil well drilling; artificial show
Medium-coarse flakes
10 mesh
Christmas ornaments; display materials
Fine-coarse flakes
16 mesh
Concrete block fillers; refractory bricks; gypsum
boards; asphalt roofing felts; shingles
Coarse-fine powder
30 mesh
Metal annealing; absorbent in explosives, disinfectants
and automotive components
Medium-fine powder
60 mesh
Welding electrodes, cables and wires, foundry works,
pipeline enamels, mastics, lubricants, adhesive
Fine powder
100 mesh
Texture paints, acoustical plasters, ceiling tiles
Superfine powder
325 mesh
Paints, plastics, rubber products, paper
184
(Typical analyses for commercial micas)
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
(Fe2O3)
(K2O)
(Na2O)
(TiO2)
(BaO)
(MgO)
(CaO)
(Li2O)
(F)
(P)
(S)
(Loss on ignition)
Muscovite
44-47
30-38
0.2-5
8.5-11.5
0.1-0.8
0-0.9
0.3-1.5
0.1
0.1-0.8
0-0.15
trace
trace
4-5
Phlogopite
37-43
12-17
0.2-2
8.5-11.5
0.3-0.8
0-1.5
0-0.7
23-29
0.1-0.5
0-0.1
0.5-5
trace
trace
1-3
185
muscovite (Indian muscovite grades (colour)

V-1
Ruby clear
V-2
Ruby clear and slightly stained
V-3
Ruby fair stained
V-4
Ruby good stained
V-5
Ruby stained A
V-6
Ruby AQ
V-7
Ruby stained B
V-8
Ruby BQ
V-9
Ruby heavy stained
V-10
Ruby densely stained
V-11
Black dotted
V-12
Black spotted
V-13
Black red stained
V-14
Green/brown 1st quality
V-15
Green/brown 2st quality
V-16
Green/brown stained or BQ
1.
100
98
200
94
325
75-90
1

1
2.
325
100
186
3.
100
100
(Pb)
20 (ppm)
(As)
3 (ppm)
(Loss on ignition)

1.
+100
2.65
+150
5.17
+200
9.95
+250
12.86
+325
9.95
-325
59.42
100.00
(whiteness)
0.76
X-ray Muscovite Talc
2.
2.1
325
100
(Whiteness)
0.75
X-ray Chlorite Talc
Muscovite
2.2
325
98
(Whiteness)
0.62
X-ray Muscovite
187
3.
325
100
(Whiteness)
0.75
X-ray Muscovite Kaolinite
4.
Sieve analysis
+100
+150
3.46
+200
12.34
+250
6.39
+325
5.19
-325
72.62
100.00
(whiteness)
0.60
X-ray Muscovite
188
(Monazite)
1.
2.
(Ce,La,Y,Th)PO4
(Rare-earth metal)
(Thorium) (ThO2)
1 20 ThO2 3
9 (Ce,La)2O3
60.6
5-5.5
4.6-5.4
1.1 (Pure monazite)

(Rare-earth oxides : REO)
1.2 (Standard monazite)
70
55, 60 66
55
189
3. westralian
Capel, Western Australia Yoganup
3.1 Guarantees
(ThO2)
(Total REO and ThO2)
(Total Acid Insolubles)
3.2 Typical Analysis
(Rare-earth oxides)
(ThO2)
(Insolubles)
(TiO2)
3.3 Rare earth Analysis
(Sc2O3)
(Y2O3)
(La2O3)
(Ce2O3)
(Pr6O11)
(Nd2O3)
(Sm2O3)
(Eu2O3)
(Gd2O3)
(Tb4O7)
(Dy2O3)
(Ho2O3)
(Er2O3)
(Tm2O3)
(Yb2O3)
(Lu2O3)
Sands Limited
55
6
61
10
56-58
6.5-7.0
7.0-8.5
0.3-0.6
0.005
1.36
13.5
26.0
2.85
9.82
1.43
0.03
0.84
0.02
0.39
0.03
0.12
0.01
0.07
0.02
3.4 Typical Physical Data

Bulk Density
:
3,000 /
Specific Gravity :
5.1
3.5 Typical Screen Analysis
Aperture (microns)
180
150
125
106
75
-75
190
Wr% (Retained)
0.7
11.7
19.7
34.6
33.0
0.3
(Rare earth oxide) 15 (La2O3),

(CeO2), (Nd2O3), (Pr2O3), (Pm2O3), (Sm2O3),
(Eu2O3), (Gd2O3), (Tb2O3), (Dy2O3), (Ho2O3), (Er2O3),
(Tm2O3), (Yb2O3), (Lu2O3)
191
(Phosphate)
(PO4)3
[Ca5(PO4)3(F,OH,Cl)] (YPO4)
(Phosphate Rock) BPL (Bone
Phosphate of Lime) TPL (Triphosphate of Lime) BPL TPL
Ca3(PO4)2 3CaO.P2O5

BPL (bone phosphate of lime) : Ca3(PO4)2 3CaO.P2O5
TPL (triphosphate of lime) : Ca3(PO4)2 3CaO.P2O5
P2O5 (Phosphorus pentoxide)
P (Phosphorus-not commonly used)
80%BPL = 80% TPL = 36.6% P2O5 = 16%P
BPL X 0.4576 = P2O5

BPL 5 = P
P2O5 X 2.185 = BPL
192
2

1. (Igneous Phosphate Deposits)
2. (Sedimentary Phosphate Deposits)
(Apatite group) 3
(Fluorapatite) (Chlorapatite)
(Hyudroxylapatite)
(Apatite)
Ca5(PO4)3 (F,Cl,OH)
(Fluorapatite)
Ca5(PO4)3F
(Chlorapatite)
Ca5(PO4)3Cl
(Hydroxylapatite)
Ca5(PO4)3(OH)

3.15-3.20
5

(Phosphortie) 2
(Guano) pelletal
Guano
Pelletal (Marine phosphate)
(Francolite)
3
1. Acid grade (P2O5)
30
2. (P2O5) 24-30
(P)
3. (P2O5) 20
(groud phosphate)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
193
KEY TO LOCATION CODES

Central Florida (66% BPL grade from one producer)
Central Floride (75% BPL grade from one producer)
North Florida
North Carolina (Texasgulf Inc.)
North Carolina (Texasgulf Inc., Calcined)
Morocco (Khouribga area, 75% TPL grade)
Morocco (Khouribga area, 80-82% TPL grade)
Morocco (Youssoufia)
Spanish Sahara (80% TPL grade)
Senegal (Taiba)
Togo
Tunisia (65-68% TPL grade)
Algeria (Djebel-Onk)
Arab Republic of Egypt (Kosseir area)
Israel (Oron)
Syria (Kneifess area)
Jordan (El Hassa)
North Vietnam (Lao-Kay)
Baja California, Mexico (beach sands, beneficiated, not calcined)
Mexico (Saltillo area, La Caja formation, calcined, washed)
Tennessee, Maury co. (washed brown rock)
40-mile bank off coast of Southern Calif, (sea floor nodule)
Idaho, Caribou co. (Phosphoria Frm., main bed-high grade, 6-ft thick)
Idaho, Caribou Co. (washed calcined)
Idaho, Caribou Co. (electric furnace shale rock-not beneficiated)
Tennessee, Maury Co. (washed electric furnace brown rock)
194
1.
1.1
(P2O5)
(CaO)
(MgO)
(SiO2)
(R2O3)
(F)
(Cl)
(Loss on ignition)
30-37
46-52
0.5-1
5-12
1-3
2-3
100 ppm
1-2
14-20
38-44
6-13
3-10
1-4
1.5-2.5
100 ppm
20-25
1.2 Jhamarkotra
(P2O5)
(SiO2)
(CaO)
(MgO)
(R2O3)
(F)
(Cl)
(SO3)
(CO2)
31-34
7-11
45-50
2-4
1-4
2-4
1-3
195
2. Eppawala Anuradhapura
36.60
(P2O5)
(Fe2O3)
0.70
(Al2O3)
0.95
(CaO)
52.30
(MgO)
0.20
0.50
(SiO2)
(FeO)
3.72
(TiO2)
0.78
(SrO)
0.66
(BaO)
0.13
0.09
(MnO2)
(ThO2)
0.02
(Cl)
0.88
(F)
2.40
1.46
(H2O)
(Loss of O for Cl & F)

1.23
3. Lao Cai
4
1. (P2O5)
36-41
2. (P2O5)
20-36
16-20
3. (P2O5)
4. (P2O5)
16
196
4. Foskor Ltd.
Transvaal Palfos
Palfos 80 M
Palfos 86 S
BPL (Bone phosphate of Lime)
80
86
(P2O5)
36.5
39.5
(CaO)
52.0
54.0

Palfos 88 S
88
40.2
54.1
5.
5.1
5.1.1 (GRPF Ground rock phosphate fertilizer)
(P2O5) 25
5.1.2 (P2O5) 3
(P2O5)
(P2O5) 1 GRPF
(P2O5) 0.4
5.1.3 (GRPF) ASTM
80 70
5.1.4 (100C 1C) 3
5.2
(P2O5) 20
(P2O5)
(Fe2O3)
(Al2O3)
(CaO)
(MgO)
(K2O)
(Na2O)
(F)
(CO2)
(SO3)
(SiO2 and insoluble)
(Combined water and organic matter)

BPL (Ca3P2O8)
P2O5 2.185
68.13
3.68
3.68
1.59
7.75
2.57
0.45
Florida
U.S.A.
Land
Pebble
31.18
1.38
1.13
46.26
0.30
77.68
84.05
87.88
76.72
Florida
Nauru
Kola, Morocco
U.S.A. Phosphate USSR,
Hard rock
rock
Apatite
Phosphate
concentrate
35.57
38.92
40.22
35.11
0.61
0.12
0.30
0.29
1.44
0.45
50.40
54.42
51.05
53.00
0.87
0.19
0.16
0.11
0.23
0.16
0.43
0.45
0.63
1.14
3.88
2.62
3.25
4.24
3.88
2.62
3.25
4.24
0.09
1.40
0.37
1.40
4.68
0.20
1.34
0.86
278
1.63
(Composition of Commercial Raw Phosphates)
66.75
30.55
0.55
0.74
49.68
0.99
0.61
1.20
2.86
2.86
2.46
1.64
6.39
Gafsa,
Tunisia
59.69
27.32
0.45
0.48
51.10
2.19
2.19
1.99
4.00
67.84
31.05
1.28
0.38
48.74
0.35
1.00
0.09
3.21
3.21
2.70
3.81
3.24
Kalaa Safaga
Djerda, Egypt
Tunisia

197
Location
29.90
32.30
33.12
25.20
33.00
22
23
24
25
26
29.86
14
31.30
34.58
13
21
30.23
12
30.10
36.85
11
20
37.68
10
29.00
36.60
19
33.05
34.50
37.21
18
34.26
34.60
33.10
17
30.08
31.20
32.95
16
34.42
35.10
30.31
15
P2O5
code
47.86
37.33
47.70
45.85
47.04
43.86
54.04
46.14
42.50
53.60
47.70
55.60
48.96
54.25
48.92
51.69
51.08
51.90
51.95
54.24
52.78
52.10
49.00
46.45
49.34
45.25
CaO
0.75
1.63
0.51
0.95
3.56
2.10
0.37
2.15
1.75
0.35
0.10
0.45
0.37
1.30
1.02
0.14
0.21
0.13
0.26
0.75
0.45
0.55
1.20
1.54
Fe2O3
1.28
4.36
1.26
2.13
1.31
3.05
0.65
1.96
3.50
0.27
0.30
1.50
0.46
0.77
1.00
1.15
0.35
0.43
0.39
0.37
0.45
0.40
1.50
0.95
1.31
Al2O3
Pellet Phosphorites
0.36
4.36
0.30
0.17
0.91
0.10
0.16
0.77
0.40
0.35
0.20
0.98
0.77
0.76
0.03
0.04
0.06
0.40
0.10
0.48
0.60
0.50
0.25
0.17
0.52
MgO
0.81
0.25
0.46
1.46
0.34
0.73
0.58
0.40
0.60
1.50
0.27
0.17
0.24
0.80
0.27
0.84
0.50
0.22
0.24
Na2O
0.77
1.48
0.61
0.35
0.46
0.32
0.06
0.03
0.02
0.08
0.05
0.03
0.14
0.07
0.06
0.09
0.15
0.12
0.16
K2O
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.11
0.03
0.40
0.02
0.05
MnO
0.25
0.14
0.09
0.06
0.006
0.01
0.02
Cr2O3
0.09
0.05
0.15
0.07
TiO2
0.39
0.20
0.25
0.07
0.01
0.01
V2O5
5.06
20.56
9.87
3.70
12.66
8.68
6.78
9.50
0.83
3.00
1.60
4.98
2.35
3.12
2.99
2.95
4.52
2.46
0.97
1.36
4.25
4.21
10.25
SiO2
2.15
0.45
2.10
5.41
1.76
2.95
5.33
0.95
1.40
6.09
1.25
5.18
1.45
1.83
4.48
2.64
3.59
3.40
3.12
4.02
CO2
1.68
2.62
0.84
2.22
0.52
1.51
1.16
1.80
2.51
1.60
3.42
0.25
0.44
1.22
0.62
1.59
0.90
0.68
0.91
SO3
3.28
2.99
3.49
4.06
3.25
2.95
3.05
4.05
3.00
4.00
2.95
4.00
3.26
3.75
3.32
3.93
2.49
4.17
3.05
3.90
3.53
3.60
3.84
3.62
F2
2.53
0.10
0.23
0.07
0.40
tr
0.09
0.12
0.03
0.036
0.03
tr
0.03
0.01
0.01
Cl2
2.50
1.04
0.07
0.04
0.33
tr
0.04
1.20
0.15
0.18
0.30
Org.C
2.00
2.28
4.50
Insol.

198
199
(Potash)
1. (Potassium chloride) Muriate of potash

MOP KCl 95
K2O Sylvite
KCl
K
52.4
Cl
47.6
K2O
K2O
63.18
K2O 60

1.5-2
1.99

2. (Potassium Sulfate) Sulfate of potash
SOP (Arcanite)
K2SO4
K2O
K2O
54.05

2.66
200
3. (Potassium magnesium Sulfate) Sulfate

of potash-magnesia Langbeinite
K2SO4.2MgSO4
41.99
MgSO4
MgSO4
58.01
K2O
K2O
22.69

2.83
4. (Potassium nitrate) Niter

Saltpeter
KNO3
K2O
46.5
N2O5
53.5

2
2.09-2.14
201

Mineral
Formula
Arcanite
Carnallite
Erytrosiderite
Glaserite
Glauconite
K2SO4
KCl.MgCl2.6H2O
2KCl.FeCl3.H2O
K3Na(SO4)2
K2(Mg.Fe)2Al6(Si4O10)3(O
H)12
KCl.CaCl2.6H2O
MgSO4.KCl.3H2O
K2SO4.2MgSO4
K2SO4.MgSO4.4H2O
KNO3
K2SO4.MgSO4.2CaSO4.2H
2O
K2SO4.MgSO4.6H2O
KCl + NaCl
KCl
K2SO4.CaSO4.H2O
Hydrophilite
Kainite
Langbeinite
Leonite
Niter
Polyhalite
Schoenite
Sylvinite
Sylvite
Syngenite
Percent
Sp.Gr
KCl K2SO MgCl MgS
.
O4
4
2
2.66
- 100.0
1.61 26.83
34.27
45.28
2.7
78.63
2.3
25.39
2.13 29.94
2.83
41.99
2.25
47.52
2.11
2.78
28.9
2.1
43.27
1.98 100.0
2.6
53.06
H2O
38.9
5.47
48.35 21.71
58.01
32.83 19.65
19.96 5.98
29.89 26.84
5.49
K2O
54.06
16.95
28.61
42.51
2.3-8.5
16.04
18.92
22.70
25.69
46.59
15.62
23.39
10-30
63.17
28.68
Sylvite (KCl)
52.44% 100% KCl 63.17% K2O
Sylvinite (NaCl)

Carnallite (KCl.MgCl2.6H2O) KCl = 26.83%,
MgCl2 = 34.27% H2O = 38.90% K2O 16.95% K2O carnallite KCl
202
Kainite (MgSO4.KCl.3H2O) KCl = 29.94% (K2O = 18.92%) MgSO4 =

48.35% H2O = 21.71% carnallite
Langbeinite (K2SO4.2MgSO4) K2SO4 = 41.99%, MgSO4 = 58.01%

Muriate of potash
KCl
(%)
(K2O)
(MgO)
(S)
(Cl)
(H2O)
(% )
+8
+10
+14
+20
+28
+35
+48
+65
Sulfate of Potash
Potassium,
K2SO4
Magnesium Sulfate
K2SO4.2MgSO4
60.0-61.5
50.0-52.4
0.06-0.12
1.0-2.5
0.10-0.12
22.0-22.9
18.0-18.8
22.3-22.6
1.0-2.3
0.12-0.15
0.15
20-45
65-85
80-95
90-98
95-100
0-3
3-16
16-38
39-63
60-83
75-92
85-96
94-100
0-6
17-32
42-63
66-90
84-98
93-100
203
Muriate of potash
KCl
/.
(%)
(K)
(Mg)
(Ca)
(Na)
(Cl)
(SO4)
(Insoluble)
*1.0 % K = 1.2046% K2O
Sulfate of Potash
Potassium,
K2SO4
Magnesium Sulfate
K2SO4.2MgSO4
66-68
88
92
50.5
0.17
0.02
0.05
47.86
0.04
0.30
41.9
0.9
0.3
0.2
1.5
51.5
0.7
18.5
11.1
0.05
0.76
67.4
0.33

Minimum
Approximate particle size
Grade
K2O
range1
Type of potash
equivalent
Mesh2
Millimeters
Granular
61, 50, 22
6-20
3.35-0.85
Muriate and sulfates
Blend3
60
6-14
3.35-1.18
Muriate
Coarse
60
8-28
2.4-0.6
Muriate
Standard
60, 50, 22
14-65
1.2-0.21
Special standard
60
35-150
0.4-0.11
Soluble or suspension
62
35-150
0.4-0.11
Muriate
Chemical
63
xx
xx
Muriate
xx Not applicable
1 From approximately 2% to 98% by weight percent cumulative
2 Tyler standard
3 Blend is a new grade with a midpoint between 8 and 10 mesh that is being introduced by
Canadian producers
204
(Potassium Chloride
fertilizer grade ; IS : 2779-1964)
58.0
(K2O)
(NaCl) ()
3.0
205
(Pyrophyllite)
(Agalmatolite)

Al2Si4O10(OH)2 Al2O3.4SiO2.H2O
(Al2O3)
28.3
(SiO2)
66.7
(H2O)
5.0
1-2
2.8-2.9
1.
206
1 2 4
5
6
(SiO2)
66.0 63.64 57.58 75.7
(Al2O3)
28.4 25.59 33.31 17.74
(Fe2O3)
0.33
1.43
(CaO)
(MgO)
0.01 0.09
(K2O)
2.48
3.90
0.32
(Na2O)
0.29
0.06
0.22
(TiO2)
0.09
5.0
4.81
5.56
4.31
(Loss on ignition)
1.
2. Matheus leme filler extender
3. Standard Mineral Co.
4. Okayama
5. Dongnae mine at Tongnaegun
6. chalcedonic pyrophylite Pambula
67.6
26.32
0.84
0.19
0.25
0.25
0.65
3.93
75.7
18.8
0.38
0.30
0.12
0.24
0.11
0.39
3.90
2.
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
(Fe2O3)
(TiO2)
(CaO)
(MgO)
(K2O)
(Na2O)
(Loss on ignition)
3.
207
Ohira,
Okayama
prefecture
75.76
17.68
0.57
0.31
0.17
0.02
0.96
0.15
4.38
Ochidani, Shokozan, Wando,

Hyogo Hiroshima Cholianam
prefecture prefecture province
79.90
77.35
76.39
14.28
18.18
18.09
0.46
0.20
0.30
0.19
0.12
0.74
0.21
0.18
0.07
0.04
0.13
0.29
0.10
0.15
0.09
0.06
3.26
3.51
4.00
Wando mine
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
(Fe2O3)
(MgO)
(CaO)
(Na2O)
(K2O)
(Loss on ignition)
60.85-63.04
31.18-29.50
0.63-0.58
0.14-0.10
0.35-0.15
0.89-0.58
0.13-0.06
6.32-6.02
Milyang
mine
65.31
28.75
0.51
0.35
0.13
0.45
0.07
4.48
Dongnae Sungsan
mine
mine
67.60
63.90
26.32
27.68
0.84
0.56
0.25
0.27
0.19
0.67
0.65
0.76
0.25
0.83
3.93
5.35
208
4. Pioneer mine San Diego county
A
B
C
D
E
(SiO2)
80.13
65.58
77.16
66.74
66.80
(Al2O3)
11.79
24.07
18.29
26.68
28.20
(Fe2O3)
0.28
0.38
0.16
0.44
0.14*
(MgO)
0.06
0.45
0.05
0.06
(CaO)
0.74
0.30
0.10
0.05
(Na2O)
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
(K2O)
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
(TiO2)
1.85
0.68
0.65
0.70
0.02
(P2O5)
0.24
0.07
0.05
0.02
0.06**
n.d. = not determined
* MnO 0.04%
** Sulphur P2O5
A. Silicified and slightly pyrophyllitized dacite
B. Moderately pyrophyllitized dacite
C. Pyrophyllite-quartz schist
D. Pyrophyllite schist
E. Pyrophyllite schist
209
5.
Wonderstone
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
(SiO2)
56.76 55.50 56.71 56.84 54.96 54.20
(Al2O3)
32.39 34.30 33.27 33.57 34.03 34.94
(Fe2O3)
1.54
0.82
1.48
0.75
0.86 1.06
(TiO2)
2.80
2.60
2.30
2.25
2.75 2.50
(CaO)
0.25
0.16
0.14
0.07
0.18 0.12
(MgO)
0.31
0.28
0.26
0.29
0.13 0.21
6.37
6.71
6.15
6.42
7.63 7.40
(Loss on ignition)
6.
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
(TiO2)
(Fe2O3)
(CaO)
(MgO)
(K2O)
(Na2O)
(Loss on ignition)
Massive Type Natural Powder High aluminous type

65.88
61.54
42.70
26.39
28.59
43.48
1.00
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.50
0.43
0.67
0.79
0.45
0.17
0.78
0.78
0.33
0.33
4.66
0.70
1.27
2.67
4.26
5.60
4.23
210
7.
7.1
K2O
Fe2O3
Al2O3
Chloritic pyrophylite
24-28
0.2-0.5
0.2
Chalcedonic pyrophyllite
Chalcedonic sercitic
pyrophyllite
Serucutuc otriogtkute
13-15
15-20
0.2-0.5
0.4-0.8
0.4
0.5
18-22
0.5-3.0
0.5
Paint filler
Plastics filler
Rubber filler
Contact refractories
Tunnel kiln furniture
Whiteware ceramics
Floor tiles
Electrical porcelain
7.2
7.2.1 Comtact Refractories Al2O3 14-20 Na2O
K2O 0.5
(SiO2)
78.50
(Al2O3)
15.80
0.38
(Fe2O3)
(Na2O)
0.11
(K2O)
0.24
(CaO)
0.30
(MgO)
0.12
0.39
(TiO2)
(Specific gravity)
2.65
211
7.2.2 Tunnel kiln Furniture Al2O3 18-20

1
(SiO2)
73.90
20.60
(Al2O3)
(Fe2O3)
0.45
(Na2O)
0.12
(K2O)
0.44
(Specific gravity)
2.65
7.2.3 Refracory Mortars
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
(Fe2O3)
(Na2O)
(K2O)
73.90
20.60
0.45
0.12
0.44
7.2.4 Whiteware stoneware

65.8
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
28.2
(Fe2O3)
0.11
(Na2O)
0.10
0.04
(K2O)
(CaO)
0.01
(MgO)
0.01
(TiO2)
0.18
(Specific gravity)
2.80
212
7.2.5 Mineral fillers

(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
(Fe2O3)
(Na2O)
(K2O)
(CaO)
(MgO)
(TiO2)
(Loss on ignition)
(Brightness)
(Water Absorption)
(Specific gravity)
8.
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
(Fe2O3)
(Na2O)
(K2O)
(Loss on ignition)
65.80
28.20
0.22
0.10
0.04
0.28
0.01
0.18
5.10
80-90
50
2.74
67.8
22.8
0.12
0.15
0.15
6.7
213
(Quartz)
SiO2
Si
46.7
O
53.6

7
2.65
214
1. ASTM (American Society for Testing Materials. ASTM

C616-89,04.08) Free silica 3
1 (Sandstone) Free silica 60
2 (Quartzitic Sandstone) Free silica 90
3 (Quartzite) Free silica 95
2
3
1
(Absorption by weight)
20
3
1
:
(Density) : /.
135 (2,160) 150 (2,400) 160 (2,560)
(/..)
(Compressive strength)
2,000
10,000
20,000
: /
(Modulus of rupture)
300
1,000
2,000
: /
(Abrasion resistance)
8
8
8
2.
(SiO2)
(Fe2O3)
(Al2O3)
(CaO)
(MgO)
(TiO2)
99.0
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.02
99.0
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.02

Fe2O3 0.05% CaO 0.01%
3.
215
(African Optican Quartz)

(Typical chemical Analysis)
99.6
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
130
(Fe2O3)
17
(TiO2)
3
(CaO)
120
(MgO)
8
55
(Na2O)
(K2O)
40
(SO3)
90
0.2
(Cr2O3)
(Typical size Analysis)

(Micron)
% (%Held)
% (%Cumulative)
+300
+250
+150
+105
5
5
+75
25
30
+45
50
80
+38
10
90
-38
10
100
4.
99.8
(SiO2)
5.

(SiO2)
97.0
(Fe)
2.0
216
(Rock salt)
(Rock salt)
density
1.25 gm/cm3 90
(K) (Mg)

(Rock salt) (Halite NaCl) 90
100 (CaSO2.2H2O)
(CaSO4) (Organic matter)
Kieserite (MgSO4.H2O), Boracite (MgCl2.5MgO.7B2O3)
Halite NaCl
NaCl
100
Na
39.34
Cl
60.66
2.5
2.16
801 C
1,413 C
217
1. West Germany Deutsche Solvay Werke Borth
(NaCl)
98-99
(SO4)
1.1
(Ca)
0.4
2.
(NaCl)
(MgCl2)
(CaCl2)
(CaSO4)
(Na2SO4)
(NaHCO3)
Winsford
Cheshire
England
95.60
0.08
0.03
1.29
3.00
Mays salts
Mine
India
98.86
nil
0.57
Trace
-
Livingston Co.
New York
U.S.A.
96.54
0.39
1.37
1.70
-
Malagash
Nova Scotia
Canada
99.09
0.03
1.12
0.40
3.36
Stassfurt
Germany
97.53
0.23*
1.49
0.43
-
* Magnesium sulphate
3.
218
1
92.08
3.52
(NaCl)
+
(Fe2O3+ Al2O3)
(CaCl2)
2.04
(CaSO4)
0.71
(CaCO3)
0.15
(MgCl2)
0.08
(SiO2)
1.42
(MgSO4)
(H2O insoluble)
1. Louann Salt, Union county, Alabama
2. Haynesville Salt, Se4, T5N, R2E, Alabama
3. International Salt Co., Avery Island, Alabama
4. Hutchinson Salt, Carey Salt Co.
5. International Salt Co., Detroit, Michigan
6. International Salt Co., Cleveland, Ohio
2
76.1-99.8
-
3
99.25
-
4
96.15
0.015
5
6
98.22 98.15
-
0.5-0.2
0.01-0.03
1.1-0.39
22.8-0.3
0.04
0.69
0.01
-
0.018
3.252
0.342
0.223
0.053
0.634
0.052
1.041
0.011
0.639
0.027
1.173
4.
1
FC
CC
No.1
(Moisture)
0.038
0.023
0.022
(Water insolubles)
1.308
1.227
1.613
(CaSO4)
0.533
0.473
0.639
(CaCl2)
0.022
0.022
0.030
(MgCl2)
0.006
0.006
0.008
(NaCl)
98.095
98.249
97.688
(dry basis)
98.133
98.272
97.710
FC = fine crystal
CC = coarse crystal
5.
219
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
(Fe2O3)
(CaO)
(MgO)
(Mn)
(Na2O)
(K2O)
(Li2O)
(SO3)
(Cl)
(CO2)
(I)
(PO4)
(Br)
(Loss on ignition)
(Insoluble in HCl)
(Insoluble in H2O)
(NaCl content)
.
0.13
0.00
0.19
0.69
0.05
37.04
Trace
0.00
0.64
60.02
0.00
0.00
3.64
.
0.06
Al 0.09
Fe 0.06
Ca 0.19
Mg 0.09
0.03
Na 38.43
K 0.00
Li 0.00
SO4 0.28
60.25
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
-
.
.
Ca Mg 0.11
Na 39.10
K Trace
SO4 0.19
60.27
0.05
-
0.08
0.04
96.24
0.20
97.76
0.02
99.45
220
(Rutile)
1.
(TiO2)
(Fe2O3)
(SiO2)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1
96.7
2.0
0.5
2
92.9
6.8
0.4
Mossamedes,
Mossamedes,
Corumba,
Pirenopolis,
Santa Luzia,
3
93.5
6.6
0.1
4
97.8
2.3
0.2
5
97.1
3.0
-
6
95.6
3.4
0.7
State of Goias
State of Goias
State of Goias
State of Goias
State of Goias
State of Goias
221
2.
(TiO2)
(Fe2O3)
(MnO)
(CaO)
(Na2O+K2O)
(MgO)
(Cr2O3)
(P2O5)
(SiO2)
(Loss on ignition)
97.51
0.64
0.08
0.16
0.30
0.29
0.1
0.08
0.25
0.14
3.
3.1
(TiO2)
(ZrO2)
(Fe2O3)
(Size)
1. 200 (BSS)
2. 300 (BSS)
3. 350 (BSS)
(Rutile sand)
96.0
1.0
0.5
-
(Rutile flour)
96.0
1.0
1.0
95
95
95
3.2 Westralian Sands Limited HYT191

Capel, Western Australia
(Guarantees)
91
(TiO2)
222
(Typical Chemical Analysis)

(TiO2)
(Total Iron as Fe2O3)

(Al2O3)
(ZrO2)
(MnO)
(Cr2O3)
(SiO2)
(P2O5)
(S)
(V2O5)
(CaO)
(Loss on ignition)
105 C
(Nb2O5)
(Y2O3)
(Typical Physical Data)
(Bulk Density)
(Specific Gravity)
3.3
1
(TiO2)
95.2
(ZrO2) 0.5-0.95
(SiO2)
0.7-1.0
0.5-0.9
(Fe2O3)
0.18-0.28
(Cr2O3)
(V2O5) 0.58-0.65
2
95.2
0.69
0.72
0.53
0.16
0.75
3
95.8
0.8
0.8
0.94
0.15
0.43
91.0-92.0
2.0-3.5
0.6-1.1
1.0-1.8
0.09-0.12
0.11-0.13
1.1-1.5
0.08-0.10
0.02-0.03
0.30-0.35
0.02-0.03
0.2-0.3
0.35-0.40
0.01-0.02
2,200 /
4.0
4
5
95.5 91-92
0.95 1.5-2.5
0.8 1.1-1.5
0.9 1.5-3.5
0.15 0.07-0.15
0.68 0.02-0.05
6
98.2
0.75
0.70
0.35
0.20
0.70
7
95.0
1.0
n.a.
1.0
n.a.
n.a.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
223
Mineral Deposits Ltd New South Wales

CRL : Consolidated Rutile Ltd Queensland
Tiwest : Tiwest Sales Pty Ltd Western Australia
RGC (Eneabba) : RGC Mineral Sands Ltd Western Australia
Westralian : Westralian Sands Ltd Western Australia
RZM : RZM Pty Ltd RZM Rutile and Zircon Mines New South
Wales
7. Currumbin : Currumbin Minerals Pty Ltd Queensland New South Wales
4. Ceylon Mineral Sands Corp. (CMSC)

(TiO2)
95.5
(Fe2O3)
0.98
(Al2O3)
0.28
(SiO2)
0.53
0.12
(Cr2O3)
(V2O5)
0.35
(P2O5)
0.05
(ZrO2)
1.5
5. Indian Rare Eare Earths Ltd (IRE)

Q rutile
MK rutile
OR rutile
95.5
95.0
(TiO2)
96.4
0.5
2.0
(Fe2O3)
1.1
1.2
1.2
(ZrO2)
1.1
0.9
0.8
1.1
(SiO2)
0.01
0.03
0.03
(P2O5)
0.55
n.a.
n.a.
(Al2O3)
224
6. Kenmare Resources
(Premium rutile)
(TiO2)
96.4
(Al2O3)
0.36
(Cr2O3)
0.18
(SiO2)
0.46
1.2
(Fe2O3)
(FeO)
n.a.
7.

1
2
95.0
(TiO2)
93.5
n.a.
(Fe2O3)
1.5
n.a.
(Al2O3)
0.55
n.a.
(Cr2O3)
0.05
n.a.
(V2O5)
0.14
n.a.
(ZrO2)
0.11
1. Kerr McGee Chemical Corp.
2. Hitox Corporation of America
3. RGC Mineral Sands Ltd (Narngulu)
4. Tiwest Saales Pty Ltd
5. Westralian Sands Ltd
6. Indian Rare Earths
7. Dhranghadhra Chemical Works Ltd (DCW)
3
92.5
2.7
1.1
0.18
0.26
0.10
4
5
93.5 92.5-93.5
2.0-3.0
3.1
1.4-1.6
0.9
0.08
0.23
0.25
0.37
n.a.
0.06
6
7
91.8 95.0
4.6 2.0
0.4 n.a.
0.06 n.a.
0.2 n.a.
024 n.a.
225
8.
8.1 (Standard grade)
(TiO2)
95
(Fe2O3)
1
(ZrO2)
1
8.2
80- 85
(TiO2)
8.3 Sakorn Minerals Co., Ltd.
(TiO2)
95
226
(Shale)
(clay minerals)

(oil shale)
65
(SiO2)
12-18
(Al2O3)
(Alkali : K2O, Na2O)
227
.
.
66.76
59.74
58.10
(SiO2)
11.49
15.56
15.40
(Al2O3)
6.73
6.58
4.02
(Fe2O3)
1.27
0.95
2.45
(FeO)
0.23
1.34
2.44
(MgO)
0.43
1.85
3.11
(CaO)
0.16
0.23
1.30
(Na2O)
2.44
5.17
3.24
(K2O)
0.76
0.61
0.65
(Ti O2)
0.26
0.23
0.17
(P2O5)
0.03
0.07
(MnO)
0.5
2.63
(CO2)
1.55
0.80
(C : elemental)
5.85
(Loss on ignition)
228
(Struverite)
-
(TiO2) (Rutile)
[Ti, (Cb, Ta), Fe]O2
Ta2O5
10-36
Cb2O5
6-32

6-6.5
4.2-5.6
-
2
1.
2. (Ilmenorutile)
229
1.
(Ta2O5)
(Cb2O5)
(SnO2)
(TiO2)
8
10
6
50
2. -
-

() ()
(
(
)
Craveggia Ilmen Mts. Iveland South

Madagasca
Perak
Malaysia Piedmont
Russia
Norway
Italy

(FeO)
(SnO2)
(Fe2O3)
(TiO2)
(Cb2O5)
(Ta2O5)

(Remainder)
15.84
0.05
71.15
-
8.27
2.67
45.74
6.90
11.27
41.20
23.48
10.56
53.04
21.73
12.29
54.57
32.15
10.14
35.96
23.48
14.70
1.8
0.70
0.68
Trace
98.98
4.91
100.24
5.3
100.22
5.54-5.59
100.03
5.14
99.12
4.64
230
(Talc)
Mg6[Si6O20] (OH) 4
SiO2
63.5
MgO
31.7
4.8
H 2O
MgO : SiO2 1 : 1 4 : 3

1 1.5
2.6 2.8
1.54 1.59

(massive talc) Soapstone Steatite Soapstone Steatite

Steatite
(electroceramics)
(refractories)
Soapstone (switchboard) (sinks
and stoves) (table tops)
231
1. (Chemical Composition of Commercial Talcs)

France

(Best) (Second)
61.0
(SiO2)
57.0
0.03
(FeO)
0.03
0.84
0.99
(Fe2O3)
2.36
6.38
(Al2O3)
0.56
0.56
(CaO)
33.75
32.7
(MgO)
(Na2O)
(K2O)
(CO2)
105 C(water above 105 C)
1.03
1.83
Norway
(SiO2)
(FeO)
(Fe2O3)
(Al2O3)
(CaO)
(MgO)
(Na2O)
(K2O)
(CO2)
105 C(water above 105 C)
38.4
5.21
0.91
1.74
1.22
31.98
16.26
3.58
Austria
61.54
0.76
1.74
1.81
30.09
3.65
USA
Tremolitic
(Grey talc)
Talc
57.4
42.73
0.86
4.93
1.17
0.1
33.16
4.74
12.95
USSR
58.93
3.29
0.29
3.59
0.72
29.27
0.5
3.08
1.29
13.55
23.91
0.44
2.2
Italy
60.34
0.85
0.23
1.77
0.64
31.14
0.78
5.2
232
2. (Chemical Composition of Commercial Steatites)
(SiO2)
(Fe2O3)
(Al2O3)
(CaO)
(MgO)
(Na2O)
(K2O)
(Loss on ignition) (H2O)
China
62.35
0.05
0.17
32.1
0.77
0.19
Manchuria
61.43
0.45
0.56
0.14
32.5
4.37
4.98
India
61.24
0.02
1.42
32.42
4.9
3.
3.1
(South African Bureau of Standards Speciticaiton. S.A.B.S. 410-1952)
75.0
+ (SiO2+MgO)
2.0
(Al2O3)
105 C
1.0
(Moisture and matter Volatile at 105 C)
7.0
(Loss on ignition at 900 1,000 C for 20 ninutes)
98.5
325
100.0
200
233
3.2 ASTM
(American Society ofr Testing Materials. ASTM D 605 (06.02)-91)
(MgO)
(SiO2)
(CaO)
++
(MgO +SiO2+ CaO)
(CO2)
+ (R2O3)
(Loss on ignition)

(Water soluble matter)
24-32
50-65
10.0
88.0
1.0
6.0
7.0
1.0
1.0
4.
4.1
(SiO2)
(MgO)
(Al2O3)
(CaO)
(Fe2O3)
(Alkalis)
(Loss on ignition)
(Acid-soluble lime)
Specification
60.0
30.0
2.5
1.0
1.5
0.4
6.0
1.0
Pure talc
63.4
31.7
4.8
-
234
4.2
(SiO2)
(MgO)
(Fe2O3)
(TiO2)
(Al2O3)
(CaO)
(K2O)
(Na2O)
(CO2)
(H2O)
(MnO)
(S)
(NiO)
(Cr2O3)
(CoO)
(FeO)
(P2O5)
(Loss on ignition)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1
35.98
32.95
0.65
0.02
0.43
0.00
0.00
0.00
20.45
2.73
0.41
0.06
0.21
0.18
0.01
5.96
0.01
2
59.15
31.34
3.36
0.26
0.15
1.76
4.30
-
3
47.92
26.00
6.82
0.15
7.35
4.14
0.00
0.00
0.05
0.00
0.09
0.00
4
62.65
30.23
1.51
0.31
trace
0.05
0.15
0.27
4.87
-
7.51
5
6
59.80
54.92
27.45
27.20
0.05
0.46
0.57
6.80
5.76
1.18
0.39
(SO3)0.07
0.15
4.75
10.76
Average Vermont carbonate ore

Flotation talc, Johnson Mine, Vermont
Roofing granules, Cohutta Talc Co., Georgia
Steatite, yellowstone mine, Montana
Average talc ore, Talcville, Gouverneur District, New York
Texas Talc
235
5. Cosmatic, Toiletry & Perfume Association

(UKs CTPA talc standard) Westside Mines Pty ltd
(Premium grade)
62.5
(SiO2)
31.2
(MgO)
0.24
(CaO)
0.51
(FeO)
0.16
(Fe2O3)
2.25
(Al2O3)
0.02
(TiO2)
0.4
(Na2O)
0.2
(K2O)
0.005
(Mn)
10
(Pb)
2
(Cu)
5
(Cobalt)
1
(As)
4.82
(Loss on ignition)
98
(Acid insoluble)
- (pH)
9.4
2.79
(Specific gravity)
90 GE+
(Brightness : MGO Standard)
236
6. Chamotte Hokdings (Pty) Ltd.

Scotia talc mine Barberton Transvaal
PA
PB
47.2
(SiO2)
56.4
0.6
0.7
(Al2O3)
4.0
4.5
(Fe2O3)
0.8
0.4
(CaO)
32.3
30.5
(MgO)
0.1
0.1
(K2O)
0.1
0.05
(Na2O)
14.8
7.3
(Loss on ignition)
80-88
74
(Whiteness)
7. The Golcha Group of Industries
(SiO2)
(FeO)
(Al2O3)
(CaO)
(MgO)
(Loss on ignition)
(Whiteness as compared to MgCO3)

- (pH value)
200
(Residue on 200 mesh)
200
(Residue on 300 mesh)
Besta
60-62
0.5-0.8
2.0-2.5
0.5-1.0
31-33
2-4
Finex
61-63
0.3-0.5
0.3-0.5
0.2-0.4
30-32
2-4
Supra
61-62
0.3-0.5
0.3-0.5
0.5-0.7
30-32
4-6
Zecco
61-62
0.5-0.7
0.5-0.7
0.5-0.7
30-32
2-4
92-93
7-8
93-95
7-8
91-92
7-8
88-89
8-8.5
1-2.5
1-2
1-2
1-2
237
8.
(SiO2)
(Al2O3)
(Fe2O3)
(TiO2)
(CaO)
(MgO)
(Na2O)
(K2O)
(MnO)
(Loss on ignition)

59.09
47.48
28.96
60.12
1.89
2.07
19.58
0.88
4.02
5.78
10.82
4.56
0.10
0.11
0.10
0.26
0.002
5.21
0.02
0.004
29.56
27.55
28.61
29.43
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.007
0.02
0.03
0.05
0.02
0.04
0.17
0.01
4.49
11.40
11.47
5.07

54.54
60.01
4.50
0.58
5.26
3.62
0.12
0.22
0.0002
0.0004
29.29
30.44
0.01
0.01
0.007
0.004
0.04
0.004
4.85
5.65
238
(Tin)
(Cassiterite)
SnO2
Sn
O

78.6
21.4
6-7
6.8-7.1
1.
(Sn)
74.04
(As)
1.0
1.0
2. (Pig Tin) A ASTM (American Society for Testing

Materials. ASTM B 339-90, 02.03, 02.04)
(Tin),
99.85
(Antimony),
0.04
(Arsenic),
0.05
(Bismuth),
0.03
(Cadmium).
0.001
(Copper),
(Iron),
(Lead),
+ (Nickel + cobalt),
(Sulfur),
(Zinc),
(Silver),
239
0.04
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.01
0.005
0.01
3.
3.1 Straits tin Grade A
(Sn)
99.99
3.2
Tin high grade; (Sn)
99.85
Tin standard grade; (Sn) 99.75
3.3 New york

Tin Straits (Sn)
99.99
3.4
(Sn)
99.9
3.5
(Sn)
99.90
3.6
(Sn)
99.94
240
(Titanium)
3
1. (Rutile) (Anatase) (Brookite) 3
(Polymorphs)
TiO2
Ti
60
O
40
5.5-6
5.5-6
6-6.5
3.9-4.1
3.9
4.18-4.25
2.583,2.741,2.586
2.493,2.554
2.903,2.616

2. (Ilmenite)
FeTiO3 FeO.TiO2
Fe
36.8
Ti
31.6
O
31.6

5.5-6
4.7
241
(Mg) (Mn) (Fe)

Geikielite (MgTiO3) Pyrophanite (MgTiO3) 2
3. (Leucoxene) (altered)
(Limonite)
(TiO2)

242
(Tungsten)
() 4
(Wolframite)
(Ferberite)
(Huebnerite)
(Scheelite)
(Fe,Mn) WO3
Fe WO4
MnWO4
CaWO4
WO3
()
76.4
76.2
76.6
80.6
7.0-7.5
7.5
7.2-7.3
5.9-6.1
5-5.5
5
5
4.5-5
243
1. (Trade specifications for tungsten concentrates)
Scheelite
Wolframite
USA*
Canada**
USA
65.0
70.0
(WO3)
60.0
0.03
0.05
0.05
(CuO)
0.5
0.1
0.1
(Bi2O3)
0.4
0.1
0.4
(MoO3)
1.5
0.1
0.1
(Sn)
0.5
0.1
0.1
(Sb)
0.1
0.1
0.1
(Pb)
1.0
0.1
(Mn)
0.5
0.5
0.5
(S)
0.25
0.1
0.1
(As)
0.03
0.05
0.05
(P)
* Ferro-tungsten Steel bath
** Steel bath
2. (U.S. National
Stockpile Specification. P-57-R 3 January 13, 1953)
(Concentrate) 3 5
1
2 (tool-steels)
(die-steels)
3 Ferro-tungsten
244
2.1 1
(U.S. National Stockpile Specification. P-57-R 3 Class I Tungsten ore)
(
)
65.0
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.25
0.05
0.1
0.05
0.5
1.1
0.1
0.5
A,B,C
D

65.0
65.0
(WO3) *
65.0
0.1
1.5
1.5
(Sn)
0.1
0.5
0.5
(Cu)
0.1
0.2**
0.2**
(As)
0.25
0.5
0.5
(Bi)
0.1
0.05
0.05
(Sb)
0.1
0.025
0.1
(Mo)
0.05
0.05
0.05
(P)
0.5
0.5
0.5
(S)
0.1
1.0
1.0
(Pb)
0.1
1.0
1.0
(Zn)
0.2
0.2
(Ca)
2.0
+ (Mn+Fe)
*
** (As) 0.1
5
A (FeWO4) FeWO4 MnWO4 20
B (MnWO4) MnWO4 FeWO4 20
C (Fe,Mn)WO4 FeWO4 MnWO4

FeWO4 80 MnWO4 20
FeWO4 20 MnWO4 80
D Ca WO3 CaWO4
E (Synthetic Scheelite) CaWO4
245
2.2 2
(U.S. National Stockpile Specification. P-57-R 3 Class II)
D
E
(Natural scheelite ores

(Synthetic scheelite,
and concentrates)
precipitated)
65.0
(WO3) *
65.0
0.05
0.1
(Sn)
0.05
0.05
(Cu)
0.05
0.1
(As)
0.05
0.1
(Sb)
0.25
0.25
(Bi)
**
**
(Mo)
0.05
0.05
(P)
0.4
0.5
(S)
0.25
0.5
(Mn)
0.1
0.1
(Pb)
0.1
0.1
(Zn)
**
**
(Fe)
*
** (lot)
246
2.3 3
(U.S. National Stockpile Specification. P-57-R 3 Class III Tungsten ores)
(Ores and concentrates)

D
E
B
C
A

65.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
(WO3) *
50.0
0.1
0.1
0.25
0.25
0.25
(Sn)
0.05
0.05
0.1
0.1
0.1
(Cu)
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
(As)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
(Sb)
0.25
0.25
1.0
1.0
1.0
(Bi)
**
**
**
**
**
(Mo)
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.07
(P)
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
(S)
0.25
3.0
2.5
(Mn)
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
(Pb)
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
(Zn)
3.0
(Fe)
**
**
**
**
**
(Ca)
*
** (lot)
247
3. ASTM
(American Society for Testing Materials) Ferro-tungsten (ASTM 144-50 P-57 R-R)
(W)
70-80
1.0
(Si)
0.6
(C)
0.06
(S)
0.06
(P)
0.75
(Mn)
0.1
(Cu)
0.1
(As)
0.08
(Sb)
0.01
(Sn)
0.2
++ (As+Sb+Sn)
4.
(WO3)
(As)
(Sn)
(MnO)
(SiO2)
(Cu)
(S)
(P)
65( 5)
0.2
0.5
15.0
5.0
0.2
0.8
0.5
248
5. -
(WO3)
(As)
(Sn)
(P)
(Mo)
65.0
0.2
1.0
0.05
0.03
(WO3)
(As)
(Sn)
(P)
(MoO3)
74.0
0.2
1.0
0.1
0.02
6. Metal Bulletin
, 65 (Wolframite std. min. 65%)
65
(WO3)
(Sn)
0.2 1.0
(As)
nil 0.2
(P)
0.03-0.08
(S)
0.20-0.75
(Cu)
0.08-0.04
(Mo)
nil 0.04
249
(Yttrium)
39 Rare earth metals

Rare earth metals 57 71 2
57 62 cerium subgroup 63
71 yttrium subgroup Rare earth
metals Yttrium subgroup Rare
earth metals
Xenotime, Fergusonite, Gadolinite, Yttrofluorite Euxenite
250
Mineral
Formul
Y2O3
Per cent
0.4-5.0
54-64
13-30
32-46
5-21
22-40
3.9
1-4
1-4
0-4
(Ce, La, Y, Th) (PO4)

YPO4
(Y, Ca, Ce, U, Th) (Nb, Ca, Ti)
2BeO, FeO, Y2O3, 2SiO2
Tantalate and niobate of iron, yttrium, calcium, cerium and uranium
Tantalate and niobate of yttrium, cerium, and the lanthanons
(U, Ca, Fe, Y, Th) 3 (Ti, Si) 5 O16
(ScY) 2 Si2 O7
Fluoride of cerium earths
Silicates of cerium, iron and yttrium
A mixture of altered minerals containing niobium, tantalum,
7.6
titanium, silicon and yttrium
Yttrofluorite Fluorides of calcium and yttrium
15-18
Zircon
0-4
ZrO2 SiO2
(Rare earth oxrth oxide) 15
(La 2O3) (CeO2) (Nd 2O3), (Pr2O3), (Pm2O3)
(Sm2O3), (Eu2O3), (Gd2O3), (Tb2O3),
(Dy2O3), (Ho2O3), (Er2O3), (Tm2O3), (Yb2O3)
(Lu2O3)
Xenotime
(Xenotime)
YPO4
(Rare earth)
(Yttria; Y2O3)
61.4
(P2O5)
38.6

45
4.45 4.56

Monazite
Xenotime
Euxenite
Gadolinite
Samarskite
Fergusonite
Brannerite
Thorveiteit
Fluocerite
Allanite
Wiikite
1.
(Y2O3)
2.
(La 2O3)
(Ce O2)
(Pr6O11)
(Nd 2O3)
(Sm2O3)
(Eu2O3)
(Gd2O3)
(Tb4O7)
(Dy2O3)
(Ho2O3)
(Er2O3)
(Tm2O3)
(Yb2O3)
(Lu2O3)
(Y2O3)
251
60
1.20
8.00
0.60
3.50
2.15
0.20
5.00
1.20
9.10
2.60
5.60
1.30
6.00
1.80
59.30
252
(Zinc)
1. (Sphalerite) (Zinc
blende) (Blende) Black Jack
ZnS
Zn
67
S
33

3.5-4
3.9-4.1
2. (Smithsonite) (dry-bone)
ZnCO3
ZnO
64.8
Zn
62.0
35.2
CO2

4-4.5
4.3-4.45
253
3. (Hemimorphite) Calamine
Zn4 (Si2O7)(OH) 2.H2O
ZnO
67.5
Zn
54.2
SiO2
25.0
H2O
7.5

4.5-5
3.4-3.5
4. (Hydrozincite)
2Zn CO3.3Zn(OH) 2
ZnO
74.12
Zn
56
16.04
CO2
H2O
9.85

2-2.5
3.6-3.8
5. (Zincite)
ZnO
Zn
80.3
19.7
4
5.68
ZnO
254
6. (Franklinite)
(Fe, Zn, Mn)(Fe, Mn) 2O4

ZnFe2O4
Zn
15-20

6
5.15
iron-black
7. (Willemite)
Zn 2SiO4
ZnO
73
Zn
58.5
27.0
SiO2

5.50
3.9-4.2

(Galvanizing) (Brass)
(pigment) (Lithopone)
(Zinc white) (Leaded zinc oxide)
1.
(ZnS)
1.1 (Zn)
49/55
1.2 (Zn)
56/61
255
2. ASTM (Compositions of the

commercial grades of zinc metal established by ASTM : B6-70 approved 1973)
Analysis
Lead
Iron
Cadmium Zinc
maximum maximum
Minimum (by difference)
Special High Grade1 (SHG)
High Grade (HG)
Intermediate
Brass Special2
Prime Western (PW)
0.003
0.07
0.20
0.60
1.6
0.003
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.05
0.003
0.03
0.40
0.50
0.50
99.990
99.90
99.5
99.0
98.0
1 : Tin in Special High Grade shall not exceed 0.001%

2 : when specified for use in the manufacture of rolled zinc or bass, aluminum shall not
exceed 0.0005%
3. ASTM (American Society for Testing
Materials for zinc oxide pigments : ASTM D79 (06.02-92)
French
American
Process
Process
98.5
99.0
(ZnO)
0.2
0.1
(Total sulfur)
0.5
0.5
(Total impurities,
1.5
1.0
including moisture and other volatile matter)
45 (No.325) (Total residue retained
0.25
0.1
on a No. 325(45-m) sieve
256
4.
(British Standard for Zinc Oxide (ZnO) : BS 254 : 1952)
(ZnO)
(PbO)
98 C 102 C (Volatile matter at 98 C 102 C)
5.
5.1 London Metal Exchange (LME)
Zinc : Special High Grade (SHG)
(Zn)
99.990
5.2 Australia-(Electrolytic Zinc Metals : EZ Metals)
Zinc : High Grade (HG)
(Zn)
99.95
5.3 Canada
Zinc : High Grade (HG)
(Zn)
99.95
5.4 France
Zinc : Virgin
(Zn)
97.75
5.5 Germany
Zinc : Virgin
(Zn)
97.75
5.6 Italy 3
5.6.1 (Zn)
99.995
5.6.2 (Zn)
99.95
5.6.3 (Zn)
98.50
99
0.3
0.5
0.5
95
3.0
1.0
0.5
257
5.7 United Kingdom (UK)

5.7.1 Good ordinary brand producer price (GOB)
(Zn)
5.7.2 High Grade (HG)
(Zn)
5.7.3 Special High Grade (SHG)
(Zn)
5.8 United State of America (USA)
Zinc : Special High Grade (SHG)
(Zn)
98.0
99.95
99.99
99.990
6.
6.1 . .
(Zn)
47.56
(Pb)
0.12
(Cu)
0.02
(Sb)
0.11
(Fe)
1.16
(SiO2)
1.17
(Cd)
0.05
(Mn)
0.57
(Ni)
0.02
(Co)
0.05
(Mg)
0.05
6.2
Zinc : Special High Grade
(Zn)
99.99
258
7.
(. 221-2520)
0.1
2
94.0
99.0
0.3
3.0
0.1
3
87.0
94.0
3.0
8.0
0.3
4
68.0
87.0
8.0
22.0
0.3
5
62.0
68.0
22.0
27.0
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
1.0
1.5
1.0
1.5
1
99
( Pb)
0.3
63
150 C
500 C

(lightening-power)

0.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.5
0.5
12-20
8.
(. 565-2521)
98.5

0.10

0.2
45
0.30
105 C
0.60

5.50-5.65
27/27 C
0.005

0.004

0.10

0.10

0.15

:
99 0.03
259
9.
(. 957-2533)
HG2
PW3
SHG1
0.5-1.4
0.003
0.03
0.05
0.003
0.02
0.20
0.003
0.02
0.01
0.002
0.01

0.20
0.002
0.001
98.0
99.990
99.90
1 : Special High Grade

2 : High Grade
3 : Prime Western
260
(Zircon)
ZrSiO4 ZrO2, SiO2

ZrO2
67.2
SiO2
32.8
7.5
4.68
1. (Traditional zircon grades)
Premium
Intermediate
Standard
+
65.0
65.5
66.0
(ZrO2+ HfO2)
0.25
0.03
0.1
(TiO2)
0.12
0.10
0.05
(Fe2O3)
261
2. premium
Tiwest
66.40
0.13
0.06
0.42
33.20
Cable
65.80
0.13
0.09
0.80
32.14
CRL
66.30
0.12
0.052
0.29
33.00
RZM
66.20
0.13
0.03
0.20
33.20
Du Pont
66.70
0.13
0.03
na.
na.
(ZrO2)
(TiO2)
(Fe2O3)
(Al2O3)
(SiO2)
+ (U+Th),
na.
na.
na.
450
410
Tiwest West Australia Munbinea Shoreline Perth

Cable West Australia Waroona Bunbury-Busselton area
CRL East Australia North Stradbroke Island in Queensland
RZM East Australia Newcastle area Harrington in New South Wales
Du Pont Florida in USA
3.
(U.S.National Stockpile Specification : P-61 August 27th 1946)
(ZrO2)
65.0
34.0
(SiO2)
1.0
(Free Silica)
0.25
(Al2O3)
0.15
(P2O5)
0.3
(TiO2)
0.1
(Fe2O3)
0.5

262
4.
(ZrO2)
(Fe2O3)
(TiO2)
(Al2O3)
(SiO2)
+ (U+Th),
RGC
Ceramic Standard
66.40
66.40
0.04
0.04
0.13
0.12
0.35
0.46
32.60
32.40
350
Premium
66.70
0.03
0.13
na.
na.
350
350
Du Pont
Standard
T
65.90
65.30
0.04
0.20
0.25
1.2
na.
na.
na.
na.
350
Zircore
40.0
na.
na.
23.0
3.0
na.
na.
RGC = RGC Mineral Sands (USA) Ltd Florida

Du Pont = E.I.Du Pont de Nemours Inc. Florida
Standard grade Premium grade
T grade
Zircore Zircon-aluminum silicate non-ferrous foundry
5.
5.1 (Zircon sand)
.10
(ZrO2) *
(TiO2)
(Fe2O3)
* (HfO2)
.20
(Premium.10)
(Premium.20)
(Standard)
66.0
0.1
0.05
66.0
0.2
0.06
65.0
0.3
0.07
263
5.2 (Zircon flour)
(Premium)
(Standard)
66.0
0.1
0.05
65.0
0.3
0.1
(ZrO2) *
(TiO2)
(Fe2O3)
* (HfO2)
(Size)
1. 95 200 ( BSS)
2. 95 300 ( BSS)
3. 95 350 ( BSS)
6.
6.1 (East coast)
(ZrO2)
(TiO2)
(Fe2O3)
(Al2O3)
(SiO2)
+ (U+Th),
CRL
Premium Standard
66.10
66.30
0.24
0.12
0.15
0.052
na
0.29
32.7
33.0
na
na
RZM
Premium
66.20
0.13
0.03
0.20
33.2
na
MDL Currumbin
Ceramic Standard
65.00
66.35
0.30
0.08
0.10
0.29
na
0.40
na
32.65
na
na
CRL = Consolidated Rutile Ltd. North Stradbroke Island Queensland

RZM = RZM Pty.Ltd Tomago and Harrington, New South Wales
MDL = Mineral Deposits Ltd. Stockton, New South Wales
Currumbin = Currumbin Minerals Pty.Ltd. Kirra Queensland Kingscliff
New South Wales
264
6.2 (West coast)
WSL Yoganup
RGC
(ZrO2)
(TiO2)
(Fe2O3)
(Al2O3)
(SiO2)
+ (U+Th),
RGC
WSL
ISK
Cable
Tiwest
=
=
=
=
Tiwest
Eneabba
Capel
Standard A Unleached Premium
66.5
0.12
0.08
0.35
32.50
65.5
0.25
0.20
1.10
32.90
65.75
0.125
0.06
0.60
32.35
65.55
0.15
0.125
0.60
32.35
66.40
0.13
0.06
0.42
33.20
410
470
400
445
410
Renison Goldfields Consolidates Mineral Sands Ltd.

Westralian Sands Ltd.
Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha Minerals Pty Ltd.
Cable Sands (W.A.) Ltd.
Munbinea Shoreline Perth
Cable
ISK
(ZrO2)
(TiO2)
(Fe2O3)
(Al2O3)
(SiO2)
+ (U+Th),
Standard
66.0
0.145
0.115
0.425
32.40
370
Premium
65.80
0.13
0.09
0.08
32.14
450
Standard
65.50
0.20
0.20
1.00
32.80
450
265
7.
Harts Range, Northern Territory, Australia
(ZrO2)
(SiO2)
(HfO2)
(CaO)
(Er2O3)
(Tm2O3)
(Lu2O3)
(Light purple)
(Yellow)
(Near colorless)
(Light purple)
66.70
33.03
1.31
0.01
0.10
0.10
ND
66.27
33.04
1.41
0.01
0.03
0.08
0.10
66.58
32.44
1.48
0.02
0.03
0.03
ND
66.58
32.41
1.48
0.01
ND
BDL
0.06
(ZrO2)
(SiO2)
(HfO2)
(CaO)
(Er2O3)
(Tm2O3)
(Lu2O3)
ND =
BDL =
(Light purple)
(Orangy brown)
(Light purple)
(Light purple)
66.29
32.45
1.50
0.01
0.01
ND
ND
66.45
32.57
1.44
0.01
0.03
ND
0.02
66.58
32.56
1.37
0.01
0.05
0.04
0.03
66.14
32.36
1.49
0.02
0.03
BDL
BDL
Not detected
Below the reliable detection limits (approximately 10 ppm)
266
8.
Thailand
Sakorn Minerals
(ZrO2)
(TiO2)
(Fe2O3)
(Al2O3)
(SiO2)
66.25
0.15
0.075
na.
31.23
OR
65.00
0.30
0.40
na.
31.50
India
IRE
MK
65.30
0.30
0.09
1.20
32.50
(ZrO2)
(TiO2)
(Fe2O3)
(Al2O3)
(SiO2)
India
Chatrapur
RBM =
Thailand
CMSC
Q
65.10
0.30
0.10
1.40
na.
Prime
65.00
1.15
0.10
na.
32.40
South Africa
RBM
Standard
Refractory
65.00
65.00
0.30
0.50
0.25
0.15
na.
na.
na.
na.
Sri Lanka
CMSC
Crude
Standard
65.00
26.60
0.50
11.25
0.20
1.28
na.
na.
na.
38.01
India Rare Earths Ltd. (IRE) OR

MK Manavalakurichi Q Chavara
Richards Bay Minerals
= Ceylon Mineral Sands Corp.
9.
(ZrO2)
(TiO2)
(Fe2O3)
(Cr2O3)
(V2O5)
(Al2O3)
(S)
65.60
0.32
0.09
0.01
0.01
0.52
0.009
(P2O5)
(NaCl)
(Free Quartz)
(H2O)
1,000 C
(Calcination loss at 1,000 C)
(Specific gravity)
267
0.035
0.01
0.51
0.10
0.26
4.58
10.
10.1
65
(ZrO2)
1.0
(TiO2)
10.2
60
(ZrO2)
(TiO2)
1.0
10.3 Refractory grade

65
(ZrO2)
(Fe2O3)
0.1
(TiO2)
0.3
31.5
(SiO2)

1. 120
2. 120

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2550

1. Chrysotile (Hydrated magnesium

2. Crocidolite blue asbestos riebeckite

1.2 Watts Blake Bearne & Co.PLC (WBB)

7.2 (Floor tiles and Wall tiles)

58.8 20.9 3.64 0.78 0.17 0.23

45.3 28.2 2.77 0.88 0.61

(Matter soluble in water)

(Moisture and other volatile

(Matter soluble in hydrochloric

(Loss on ignition) 600 C,

7. (General specifications for glass-grade barites)

4. (Bauxite suitable for cement grade)

2 (Coarse paint grade)

3. (Indian Standard : IS 918-1958)

(CaCO3 on dry basis)

4. Micronised natural whiting

43.0-44.5 42.0-44.5 43.0-44.5

Cr2O3 , Total Fe, Al2O3 , MgO , SiO2 CaO

No.1 Transvaal Steelport, south Africa

(U.S. National Stockpile Specification P-11-R 1 June 4th , 1956)

(Calorific value or heating value)

3.1 (Subbituminous A coal)

Dry, Mineral-Matter-Free Basis

Moist, Mineral-Matter-Free Basis, Moist

Dry, Mineral-Matter-Free Basis

(Fixed carbon) 69 (Calorific value)

1 (Classification of Coals by rank)

(U.S.National Stockpile Specification. P-54R May 9th , 1952)

(Japanese Industrial Standard. J.I.S.

(Matter insolubie in HCI at 98-102C)

(Acidity or alkalinity of the aqueous extract)

(Water soluble matter)

0.55 1.30 0.39 0.54

3. Custer South Dakota Pacer

(Fluorspar) Fluorite Fluor

2.3 (Acid grade) Acid spar (U.S.National stockpile

4.2 (Fluorspar for use in metallurgical industries IS : 4574-1965)

5. (ground fluorspar acid grade fluorspar)

8. flux (Dry Basis)

(Glass sand) (SiO2 ) 95

*** C Cr2O3 0.0002 Fe2O3 0.03

6.2 (Crystal ware)

7. (Dansands silica sand)

Higher grade sand

Glass and foundry grade

(Average size : D50)

coloured glass Foundry

Washed silica sand

Glass and foundry

(Size under U.S. Tyler 30 mesh)

(Specifications for graphite for different

1.2 (Foundry facings)

(Ash and volatile matter)

7. U.S. Army Specification

14. (Canadian flake graphite) The Asbury

+50, +80, +120, +150, -100

(Volaties matter) 3.5

15.3 (Amorphous graphite)