Symmetrical Fault Calculations

Symmetrical Fault Calculations

Example 1
Example 1
34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA
10/12.5 MVA
6%
13.8 kV
F
Calculate the fault current at F
Example 1
Example 1
10/12.5 MVA
6%
F
13.8 kV
Calculate the fault current at F
A 55 . 2898
kV 5 . 34
MVA 100
kV
MVA
I
ohms 9 . 11
100
5 . 34
MVA
kV
Z
5 . 34 kV
100 MVA
base
base
base
2
base
2
base
base
base
base
=
= =
= =
=
=
=
Step 1: Calculate Base Values
34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA
Example 1
Example 1
10/12.5 MVA
6%
F
13.8 kV
Calculate the fault current at F
48 . 0
5 . 12
100
x 06 . 0
MVA
MVA
x Z Z
oldbase
base
t Tpu
= =
=
Step 2: Calculate p.u impedances
34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA
Example 1
Example 1
10/12.5 MVA
6%
F
13.8 kV
Calculate the fault current at F
48 . 0
5 . 12
100
x 06 . 0
MVA
MVA
x Z Z
oldbase
base
t Tpu
= =
=
Step 2: Calculate p.u impedances
0833 . 0
5 . 34
5 . 34
x
1200
100
kV
kV
x
MVA
MVA
Z
base
oldbase
oldbase
base
utility
=
=
=
34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA
Example 1
Example 1
10/12.5 MVA
6%
F
13.8 kV
Calculate the fault current at F
pu 775 . 1
0833 . 0 48 . 0
0 . 1
Z
V
I
total
pu
Fpu
=
+
=
=
Step 3: Calculate fault current
34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA
Example 1
Example 1
10/12.5 MVA
6%
F
13.8 kV
Calculate the fault current at F
pu 775 . 1
0833 . 0 48 . 0
0 . 1
Z
V
I
total
pu
Fpu
=
+
=
=
Step 3: Calculate fault current
A 7426
5 . 34 x
8 . 13
I
I
A 2970
3
55 . 2898
x 775 . 1
3
I
x I I
FHV
FLV
base
Fpu FHV
=
=
= =
=
34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA
Example 2
Example 2

Addition of a Generator
Addition of a Generator
34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA
10/12.5 MVA
6%
5MVA
X
d

=0.12
13.8 kV
F
Calculate the fault current at F
Example 2
Example 2

Addition of a Generator
Addition of a Generator
0833 . 0
5 . 34
5 . 34
x
1200
100
kV
kV
x
MVA
MVA
Z
base
oldbase
oldbase
base
utility
=
=
=
Step 1: Calculate impedances
34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA
10/12.5 MVA
6%
5MVA
X
d

=0.12
13.8 kV
F
Calculate the fault current at F
Example 2
Example 2

Addition of a Generator
Addition of a Generator
48 . 0
5 . 12
100
x 06 . 0
MVA
MVA
x Z Z
oldbase
base
t Tpu
= =
=
0833 . 0
5 . 34
5 . 34
x
1200
100
kV
kV
x
MVA
MVA
Z
base
oldbase
oldbase
base
utility
=
=
=
Step 1: Calculate impedances
34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA
10/12.5 MVA
6%
5MVA
X
d

=0.12
13.8 kV
F
Calculate the fault current at F
Example 2
Example 2

Addition of a Generator
Addition of a Generator
48 . 0
5 . 12
100
x 06 . 0
MVA
MVA
x Z Z
oldbase
base
t Tpu
= =
=
0833 . 0
5 . 34
5 . 34
x
1200
100
kV
kV
x
MVA
MVA
Z
base
oldbase
oldbase
base
utility
=
=
=
Step 1: Calculate impedances
34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA
10/12.5 MVA
6%
5MVA
X
d

=0.12
13.8 kV
4 . 2
5
100
x 12 . 0
MVA
MVA
x Z Z
oldbase
base
G Gpu
= =
=
F
Calculate the fault current at F
Example 2
Example 2

Addition of a Generator
Addition of a Generator
Step 2: Calculate equivalent impedances
34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA
1.0V
10/12.5 MVA
6%
F
13.8 kV
Calculate the fault current at F
5MVA
X
d

=0.12
0.0833
Z
utility
Z
Gpu
2.4
Z
Tpu
0.48
Example 2
Example 2

Addition of a Generator
Addition of a Generator
Step 2: Calculate equivalent impedances
456 . 0
4 . 2 5633 . 0
4 . 2 * 5633 . 0
Z
Eq
=
+
=
1.0V
0.456
0.0833
Z
utility
2.4
Z
Tpu
0.48
Z
Gpu
Example 2
Example 2

Addition of a Generator
Addition of a Generator
Step 3: Calculate fault current
456 . 0
4 . 2 5633 . 0
4 . 2 * 5633 . 0
Z
Eq
=
+
=
1.0V
0.456
pu 192 . 2
456 . 0
0 . 1
Z
V
I
Eq
pu
Fpu
= = =
0.0833
Z
utility
2.4
Z
Tpu 0.48
Z
Gpu
Example 2
Example 2

Addition of a Generator
Addition of a Generator
Step 3: Calculate fault current
456 . 0
4 . 2 5633 . 0
4 . 2 * 5633 . 0
Z
Eq
=
+
=
1.0V
0.456
pu 192 . 2
456 . 0
0 . 1
Z
V
I
Eq
pu
Fpu
= = =
0.0833
Z
utility
2.4
Z
Tpu 0.48
Z
Gpu
A 9170
5 . 34 x
8 . 13
I
I
A 3668
3
55 . 2898
x 192 . 2
3
I
x I I
FHV
FLV
base
Fpu FHV
=
=
= =
=
Example 1 & 2 Comparison
Example 1 & 2 Comparison
34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA
34.5kV
10/12.5 MVA
6%
F
13.8 kV
5MVA
X
d

=0.12
I
F
=9170 Amps
SCC = 1200 MVA
10/12.5 MVA
6%
13.8 kV
F
I
F
=7426 Amps
Example 3
Example 3

Presence of transformer & motor

Presence of transformer & motor
34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA
10/12.5 MVA
6%
5MVA
X
d

=0.12
13.8 kV
F
3 MVA
5%
2.4 kV
M
2500 HP
X
d

=0.17
Calculate the fault current at F
Example 3
Example 3

Presence of transformer & motor

Presence of transformer & motor
0833 . 0
5 . 34
5 . 34
x
1200
100
kV
kV
x
MVA
MVA
Z
base
oldbase
oldbase
base
utility
=
=
=
Step 1: Calculate impedances
34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA
10/12.5 MVA
6%
5MVA
X
d

=0.12
13.8 kV
F
3 MVA
5%
2.4 kV
M
2500 HP
X
d

=0.17
Calculate the fault current at F
Example 3
Example 3

Presence of transformer & motor

Presence of transformer & motor
0833 . 0
5 . 34
5 . 34
x
1200
100
kV
kV
x
MVA
MVA
Z
base
oldbase
oldbase
base
utility
=
=
=
48 . 0
5 . 12
100
x 06 . 0
MVA
MVA
x Z Z
oldbase
base
t 1 Tpu
= =
=
Step 1: Calculate impedances
34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA
10/12.5 MVA
6%
5MVA
X
d

=0.12
13.8 kV
F
3 MVA
5%
2.4 kV
M
2500 HP
X
d

=0.17
Calculate the fault current at F
Example 3
Example 3

Presence of transformer & motor

Presence of transformer & motor
0833 . 0
5 . 34
5 . 34
x
1200
100
kV
kV
x
MVA
MVA
Z
base
oldbase
oldbase
base
utility
=
=
=
48 . 0
5 . 12
100
x 06 . 0
MVA
MVA
x Z Z
oldbase
base
t 1 Tpu
= =
=
Step 1: Calculate impedances
34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA
10/12.5 MVA
6%
5MVA
X
d

=0.12
13.8 kV
F
3 MVA
5%
2.4 kV
4 . 2
5
100
x 12 . 0
MVA
MVA
x Z Z
oldbase
base
G Gpu
= =
=
M
2500 HP
X
d

=0.17
Calculate the fault current at F
Example 3
Example 3

Presence of transformer & motor

Presence of transformer & motor
pu 4 . 2 Z
pu 48 . 0 Z
pu 0833 . 0 Z
Gpu
1 Tpu
utility
=
=
=
Step 1: Calculate impedances
34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA
10/12.5 MVA
6%
5MVA
X
d

=0.12
F
13.8 kV
Calculate the fault current at F
667 . 1
3
100
x 05 . 0
MVA
MVA
x Z Z
oldbase
base
t 2 Tpu
= =
=
3 MVA
5%
2.4 kV
M
2500 HP
X
d

=0.17
Example 3
Example 3

Presence of transformer & motor

Presence of transformer & motor
pu 667 . 1 Z
pu 4 . 2 Z
pu 48 . 0 Z
pu 0833 . 0 Z
2 Tpu
Gpu
1 Tpu
utility
=
=
=
=
Step 1: Calculate impedances
34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA
10/12.5 MVA
6%
5MVA
X
d

=0.12
89 . 7
154 . 2
100
x 17 . 0
MVA
MVA
x Z Z
2154
866 . 0
1865
pf
746 . 0 * 2500
rating Motor
oldbase
base
m Mpu
= =
=
= =
=
13.8 kV
F
3 MVA
5%
2.4 kV
M
2500 HP
X
d

=0.17
Calculate the fault current at F
Example 3
Example 3

Presence of transformer & motor

Presence of transformer & motor
Step 1: Calculate impedances
34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA
pu 89 . 7 Z
pu 667 . 1 Z
pu 4 . 2 Z
pu 48 . 0 Z
pu 0833 . 0 Z
Mpu
2 Tpu
Gpu
1 Tpu
utility
=
=
=
=
=
10/12.5 MVA
6%
5MVA
X
d

=0.12
13.8 kV
F
3 MVA
5%
2.4 kV
M
2500 HP
X
d

=0.17
Calculate the fault current at F
Example 3
Example 3

Presence of transformer & motor

Presence of transformer & motor
Step 2: Calculate Equivalent impedances
34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA
1.0V
10/12.5 MVA
6%
5MVA
X
d

=0.12
F
13.8 kV
Calculate the fault current at F
3 MVA
5%
2.4 kV
M
2500 HP
X
d

=0.17
Z
Tpu1
0.0833
Z
utility
0.48
Z
Gpu
2.4
7.89
1.667
Z
Mpu
Z
Tpu2
Example 3
Example 3

Presence of transformer & motor

Presence of transformer & motor
Step 2: Calculate Equivalent impedances
1.0V
1.0V
Z
Tpu1
0.0833
Z
utility
0.48
Z
Gpu
2.4
7.89
1.667
Z
Mpu 0.4354
Z
Tpu2
Example 3
Example 3

Presence of transformer & motor

Presence of transformer & motor
Step 3: Calculate fault current
pu 297 . 2
4354 . 0
0 . 1
Z
V
I
Eq
pu
Fpu
= = =
1.0V
A 9609
5 . 34 x
8 . 13
I
I
A 3844
3
55 . 2898
x 297 . 2
3
I
x I I
FHV
FLV
base
Fpu FHV
=
=
= =
=
0.4354
Symmetrical Fault
Symmetrical Fault
34.5kV
34.5kV
34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA
SCC = 1200 MVA
SCC = 1200 MVA
10/12.5 MVA
6%
10/12.5 MVA
6%
10/12.5 MVA
6%
5MVA
X
d

=0.12
13.8 kV
5MVA
X
d

=0.12
F
I
F
=7426 Amps
F
13.8 kV
F
13.8 kV
3 MVA
5%
2.4 kV
M
2500 HP
X
d

=0.17
I
F
=9170 Amps I
F
=9609 Amps