Ariziel Ruth D.

Marquez

Classification

Filtration
Settling and Sedimentation
Centrifugal Filtration
Mechanical Size Reduction
Filter Cake
Slurry
Open support
of funnel
Filter Medium
Filtrate
Simple Laboratory Filtration Apparatus
Classification of Filters
According to the desired product
Filtrate or the Filter cake
According to the operating cycle
Batch or Continuous
According to the arrangement of filter
medium
Series arrangement as flat sheet or
rotating type rolls
Bed Filters
Plate-and-Frame Filter Press
Leaf Filters
Continuous Rotary Filters
Continuous rotary vacuum-drum
Continuous rotary disk
Continuous rotary horizontal
Filter media
Twill, heavy cloth, woolen cloth, glass
cloth, paper, felted pads or cellulose,
metal cloth, nylon, Darcon and synthetic
cloths
Filter aids
Diatomaceous earth (silica), wood
cellulose, asbestos, other porous solids
General Filtration-Rate Equation


resistance
force driving
Rate Filtration
m
c
s
R
Ag
V c
A
P
dt
dV
where:
V total volume of the filtrate
collected, m
3
P - pressure drop, N/m
2
- viscosity of filtrate, Pas
A - filter cross-sectional area, m
2
R
m
- resistance of filter medium, m
-1
- specific cake resistance, m/kg
C
s
- concentration of slurry, kg solid/m
3
Constant-Pressure Filtration
B V
K
g P A
R
V
g P A
c
V
t
p
c
m
c
s
2 2
2
c
m
c
s
p
g P A
R
B
g P A
c
K
2
(s/m
6
)
(s/m
3
)
Time of Filtration

BV V
K
t
p
2
2
B V
K
V
t
p
2
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 5 10
Constant-Pressure
Slope = K
p
/2
Intersept = B
Filtrate, V
t/V
Final filtering rate gives the predicted
washing rate



where :

B V K dt
dV
f p f
1
3
3
period, entire for the filtrate of volume Total -
in washing of Rate -
m V
s m
dt
dV
f
f
Time required for the formation of cake


In rotary drum, time t is less than the total
cycle time tc

If filter medium resistance is large,
2
2
V
K
t
P
drum) of e submergenc of fraction - ( f ft t
c
s
c c
c c s
c
t
R
t
R
t f g c
At
V
m m
2
1
2
2
P - 2
rate flow
C V K
dt
dV
Ag
R
V
dt
dV
g A
c
P
v
c
m
c
s
2
dt
dV
Ag
R
C
dt
dV
g A
c
K
c
m
c
s
v
2
Other form of the equation
dt
dV
Ag
R
t
dt
dV
g A
c
P
c
m
c
s
2
2
C V K P
v
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 5 10
Constant-Pressure
(-P)
Slope = K
v

Intersept = C
Filtrate, V