Chapter 2 part 2

2.4

Matrices
Linear Algebra
S 3
Ch2
2.4 The Inverse of a Matrix
Definition
Let A be an n n matrix. If a matrix B can be found such that
., then A is said to be . and B is called
the of A. If such a matrix B does not exist, then A has
no inverse. (denote B = . , and A
k
)
(

=
4 3
2 1
A
Example 1
Prove that the matrix has inverse
.
1 2
2
1
2
3
(
(

=

B
Proof
Ch2
Gauss-Jordan Elimination for finding the Inverse of a Matrix
1. Put

2.Compute

3. If

4. If
An n n matrix A is invertible its reduced echelon form is ..

How to get the Inverse of a nn Matrix A :

The inverse of an invertible matrix is...
Ch2
Example 2
Determine the inverse of the matrix
(
(

=
5 3 1
5 3 2
2 1 1
A
Solution
Ch2
Example 3
Determine the inverse of the following matrix, if it exist.
(
(

=
4 1 2
7 2 1
5 1 1
A
Solution
Ch2
Properties of Matrix Inverse
Let A and B be invertible matrices and c a nonzero scalar, Then




1 1
1. ( ) ........... A

=
1
2. ( ) ........... cA

=
1
4. ( ) ...........
n
A

=
1
5. ( ) ...........
t
A

=
1
3. ( ) ........... AB

=
Example 4
. ) ( compute n to informatio
this Use .
4 3
1 1
shown that be can it then ,
1 3
1 4
If
1
1

=
(

=
t
A
A A
Solution
Ch2
Theorem 2.6
Let AX = B be a system of n linear equations in n variables.
If exists, the solution is . and is given by ..
Ch2
Example 5
Solve the system of equations using the inverse of the coefficients matrix
2 5 3
3 5 3 2
1 2
3 2 1
3 2 1
3 2 1
= + +
=
=
x x x
x x x
x x x
Solution
Ch2
Example 6
Solution
(

=
d c
b a
A
Exercise
If , then .
) (
1
1
(

a c
b d
bc ad
A
1
2 3
, .
4 1
So if A then find A

(
=
(