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Drawn to Extinction
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Drawn to Extinction
PRODUCER: April Gilroy-Scott
ARTWORKS by: April Gilroy-Scott and
Lillian Maxwell
RESEARCHER: Judith Smith
EDITOR: Dylan Atherton
PUBLISHED: 2014
Special thanks to Bonita Sihombing
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Drawn to Extinction
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ABOUT:Drawn to Extinction is a collection
of 22 illustrations of critically endangered
animals. This art book has been created to
raise awareness of endangered animals, and to
help raise funds for the organisation, Humane
Society International (HSI), who work towards
a safer, and more friendly place for animals
facing abuse and potential extinction.
All proceeds are donated to HSI.
For more information on HSI, or to make a
donation, visit: www.hsi.org

Introduction
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SCIENTIFIC NAME: Lycaon pictus
LOCATION: Coastal East Africa
HABITAT: Forests, Desserts, Grasslands
CONSERVATION STATUS: Endangered
POPULATION ESTIMATE: 3,0005,500
LIFE SPAN AND BEHAVIOURS: The Wild Dog
measures approximately 76 cm at the shoulder,
weighs from 22.5 kg to 32 kg, and lives
between 10 to 12 years. The African wild dog
is long-legged, with massive jaws and very
large, erect bat-like ears. Although it
resembles some domestic dogs, it differs in
that it has four toes on each foot instead of
fve. They can run long distances, at speeds up
to about 35 miles per hour. No two wild dogs
are marked exactly the same, making it easy to
identify different individuals.
Why such a pattern should develop, and how it
serves the hunting dog, has long intrigued
scientists. This dogs natural predator are
humans.
African
Wild Dog
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SCIENTIFIC NAME: Balaenoptera musculus
LOCATION: Southern Chile, Gulf of California,
Coral Triangle
HABITAT: Oceans
CONSERVATION STATUS: Endangered
POPULATION ESTIMATE: 10,000-25,000
individuals
LIFE SPAN and BEHAVIOURS: Blue Whales are 25
to 32 m in length, and weigh up to 200 tons.
Their tongues alone can weigh as much as an
elephant. They have an average life span of
80 to 90 years in the wild; blue whales are
among Earths longest-lived animals. Blue
whales look blue underwater, but on the
surface their colouring is more a mottled
blue-grey. In 1966 it became illegal to hunt
Blue whales. They have few natural predators,
but are known to fall victim to attacks
by sharks and killer whales, and many are
injured or die each year from impacts with
large ships.
Blue
Whale
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SCIENTIFIC NAME: Pan paniscus
LOCATION: Congo Basin
HABITAT: Forests
CONSERVATION STATUS: Endangered
POPULATION ESTIMATE: 10,000 to 50,000
LIFE SPAN and BEHAVIOURS: Bonobos measure
approximately 90 to 120 cm tall and
are 30 to 40 kg in weight. They can be
distinguished from chimpanzees by their
pink lips and black faces. They also have
black hair that parts down the centre of
their heads. Bonobos live up to 40 years of
age in captivity though their lifespan in
the wild is unknown. Female bonobos carry
and nurse their young for four years, and
give birth on average every 4 to 6 years.
Sexual activity plays a large role in
bonobo society; it is used for pleasure,
social bonding and confict resolution. Civil
unrest, and increasing poverty in the area
around the bonobos forests have contributed
to their poaching and deforestation.
Bonobo
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SCIENTIFIC NAME: Platanista minor
LOCATION: Indus River, Pakistan
HABITAT: Freshwaters
CONSERVATION STATUS: Endangered
POPULATION ESTIMATE: Approximately 1,100
LIFE SPAN and BEHAVIOURS: The Indus River
dolphin (Platanista minor) is one of the
worlds rarest mammals, and the second most
endangered freshwater river dolphin. The
population of this species has gradually
declined due to various factors,
including; water pollution, poaching,
fragmentation of habitat due to barrages, and
dolphins stranding in the irrigation canals.
This species reaches a maximum length of about
2.5 m and up to 70 to 110 kg in weight.
The species is characterised by a long beak,
rounded belly, stocky body, very small dorsal
fn and large fippers.
Indus River
Dolphin
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SCIENTIFIC NAME: Pan troglodytes
LOCATION: The Congo Basin
HABITAT: Forests
CONSERVATION STATUS: Endangered
POPULATION ESTIMATE: 172,700 to 299,700
LIFE SPAN and BEHAVIOURS: Chimpanzees stand
1.2 to 1.7 m in height, and weigh 32 to
60 kg. They can live over 50 years.
Chimpanzees are one of the few animal species
that employ tools. They shape and use sticks
to retrieve insects from their nests or dig
grubs out of logs. They also use stones to
smash open tasty nuts, and employ leaves as
sponges to soak up drinking water. Although
chimps and humans are closely related, the
apes have suffered much at human hands. These
great apes are endangered and still threatened
by bushmeat hunters, and habitat destruction.
Chimpanzee
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SCIENTIFIC NAME: Neophocaena asiaeorientalis
ssp. Asiaeorientalis
LOCATION: Chinas Yangtze River
HABITAT: Fresh water Lakes and Rivers
CONSERVATION STATUS: Critically Endangered
POPULATION ESTIMATE: 1000-1800
LIFE SPAN and BEHAVIOURS: The porpoise is
approximately 220 kg in weight, 2.5 m in
length, and can live about 25 years (based on
an individual in captivity). Its dorsal fn is
low and triangular in shape, and resembles
a light-coloured fag when the dolphin swims
just below the surface of the murky Yangtze
River, hence the name white-fag dolphin.
The Yangtze fnless porpoise is known for
its mischievous smile, and has a level of
intelligence comparable to that of a gorilla.
Due to the poor visibility in the murky
Yangtze River, the Yangtze River dolphin
depends largely on underwater sound for
orientation, feeding, and communication.
Yangtze
Finless
Porpoise
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SCIENTIFIC NAME: Gorilla gorilla diehli
LOCATION: Congo Basin
HABITAT: Forests
CONSERVATION STATUS: Critically Endangered
POPULATION ESTIMATE: 200 to 300 individuals
LIFE SPAN and BEHAVIOURS: When standing on two
feet a Gorilla can reach a height of 4 to 5
feet, and weigh up to 199kg. Generally, females
give birth to one baby every four to six years.
This slow population growth makes it harder for
gorillas to recover from any population decline.
They can live up to 35 - 50 years. There are two
separate sub-species of western gorilla, which
are the western lowland gorilla and the cross
river gorilla. Although only slightly different
in appearance, the two western gorilla species
are distinguished by their differing skull and
tooth sizes.
Cross River
Gorilla
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SCIENTIFIC NAME: Panthera tigris amoyensis
LOCATION: Southern China
HABITAT: Moist Forest
CONSERVATION STATUS: Critically Endangered
POPULATION ESTIMATE: Considered by scientists
to be functionally extinct, as it has not
been sighted in the wild for more than 25
years.
LIFE SPAN and BEHAVIOURS: A full grown male
is approximately 280 cm long, the females
are much smaller at about 240 cm long. These
tigers weigh between 100 kg to 195 kg. They
live a solitary life, and can live up to 18
- 25 years. Due to the size and power of the
South China tiger, it has no natural predators
in its native environment. Humans that hunt
the South China tiger, and habitat loss are
the only threats to the South China tiger.
South China
Tiger
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SCIENTIFIC NAME: Cheilinus undulatus
LOCATION: Coral Triangle, Coastal East Africa
HABITAT: Oceans
CONSERVATION STATUS: Endangered
POPULATION ESTIMATE: Recorded maximum adult
density of not more than 20 fsh per 10,000 m.
LIFE SPAN and BEHAVIOURS: This species reaches
a maximum length of more than 2m and up to
190 kg in weight. The species is reported to
live for over 30 years. Adult humphead wrasse
are identifed by thick lips, and a prominent
hump on their forehead, while juveniles are
a light green colour, with two black lines
extending from behind the eye. The species
changes in body form, and colour, and can even
change sex during its lifetime. Owing to its
vulnerability to fshing pressure, high demand,
and hence high pressure on the species in many
areas, populations of humphead wrasse have
declined rapidly where commercial fsheries are
involved (specifcally American Samoa,
Sabah - Malaysia, Fiji, Indonesia).
Humphead
Wrasse
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SCIENTIFIC NAME: Mustela nigripes
LOCATION: North America
HABITAT: Grasslands
CONSERVATION STATUS: Endangered
POPULATION ESTIMATE: Approximately 1,000 in
the wild
LIFE SPAN and BEHAVIOURS: The black-footed
ferret could also be called the black-eyed
ferret because of the distinctive stick-em
up mask that adorns its face. Ferrets are
nocturnal, sleeping up to 21 hours per day,
and hunting prairie dogs primarily during the
night. Size from head and body is 38 to 50
cm, plus an extra 11 to 13 cm for the tail.
The average life span in captivity is 12
years. Farmers and ranchers (with government
assistance) eliminated many prairie dogs,
because their underground complexes are
destructive to felds. In the process, the
black-footed ferret was nearly wiped out.
Black-footed
Ferret
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SCIENTIFIC NAME: Panthera pardus orientalis
LOCATION: Far East, Russia
HABITAT: Temperate, mixed forests and
mountains.
CONSERVATION STATUS: Critically Endangered
POPULATION ESTIMATE: Around 30 individuals
LIFE SPAN and BEHAVIOURS: Similar to other
leopards, the Amur leopard can run at speeds
of up to 37 miles per hour. This incredible
solitary animal has been reported to leap more
than 19 feet horizontally, and up to 10 feet
vertically. It lives 10 to 15 years in the
wild, and up to 20 years in captivity.
Amur
Leopard
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SCIENTIFIC NAME: Phocoena sinus
LOCATION: California Gulf
HABITAT: Oceans
CONSERVATION STATUS: Critically Endangered
POPULATION ESTIMATE: Fewer than 100
individuals
LIFE SPAN and BEHAVIOURS: The Vaquita is about
1.5 m in length and weighs up to 55 kg. This
porpoise has a large dark ring around the
eyes, and dark patches on the lips that form
a thin line from the mouth to the pectoral
fns. They are the worlds smallest, and most
endangered small marine cetacean. Little is
known about the age at which vaquitas reach
sexual maturity, their longevity, reproductive
cycle or their population dynamics, but it is
believed they live up to 22 years old.
Vaquita
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SCIENTIFIC NAME: Pongo abelii, Pongo pygmaeus
LOCATION: The Sumatran and Bornean Orangutans
rainforest
HABITAT: Forests
CONSERVATION STATUS: Endangered
POPULATION ESTIMATE: About 41,000 (Bornean),
about 7,500 (Sumatran)
LIFE SPAN and BEHAVIOURS: Male Orangutans
stand about 1.5 m tall and weigh 93 to
130 kgs. The female stands about 1.2 m high
and weighs 48 to 55 kg. They both can live
for around 60 years. Orangutans are extremely
patient and intelligent mammals. They are very
observant and inquisitive, and there are many
stories of orangutans escaping from zoos after
having watched their keepers unlock and lock
doors. Extinction in the wild is likely in the
next 10 years for Sumatran Orangutans, and
soon after for Bornean Orangutans. This is due
to rainforest habitats that are disappearing
at an alarming rate due to deforestation, and
clearing of the land for pulp paper and palm
oil plantations, with the remaining forest
degraded by drought and forest fres.
Orangutan
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SCIENTIFIC NAME: Thunnus spp.
LOCATION: Coral Triangle, Pacifc Ocean
HABITAT: Oceans
CONSERVATION STATUS: Endangered
POPULATION ESTIMATE: Unknown
LIFE SPAN and BEHAVIOURS: The Atlantic Bluefn
tuna is one of the largest, fastest, and most
gorgeously coloured of all the worlds fshes.
Their torpedo-shaped, streamlined bodies are
built for speed and endurance. Their
colouring, metallic-blue on top and shimmering
silver-white on the bottom, helps camoufage
them from above and below. A tuna can be up to
2 m in length, and 250 kg in weight. In the
wild they can live up to 40 years. They hunt
by sight, and have the sharpest vision of any
bony fsh. Humans have eaten Bluefn tuna for
centuries. However, in the 1970s, demand and
prices for large bluefns soared worldwide,
particularly in Japan, and commercial fshing
operations found new ways to fnd and catch
these sleek giants.
Bluefn Tuna
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SCIENTIFIC NAME: Pseudoryx nghetinhensis
LOCATION: Greater Mekong, Vietnam
HABITAT: Evergreen Forest
CONSERVATION STATUS: Critically Endangered
POPULATION ESTIMATE: Unknown
LIFE SPAN and BEHAVIOURS: The saola was
discovered in May 1992 during a joint survey
carried out by the Ministry of Forestry of
Vietnam and WWF in north-central Vietnam. The
fnd proved to be the frst large mammal new
to science in more than 50 years. Saola are
recognized by two parallel horns with sharp
ends, which can reach 50cm in length and are
found on both males and females. An adult saola
stands at about 8090 cm at the shoulder, with
its entire body length measuring around 150 cm
and weighing 90100 kg.
Saola
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SCIENTIFIC NAME: Ailuropoda melanoleuca
LOCATION: Yangtze, China
HABITAT: Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests
CONSERVATION STATUS: Endangered
POPULATION ESTIMATE: 1,600 in the wild (2004)
LIFE SPAN and BEHAVIOURS: Giant Pandas are 1.2 to
1.5 m tall, and weigh approximately 136 kg.
Their lifespan is 20 years. After a fve-month
pregnancy, females give birth to a cub or two,
though they cannot care for both twins. They are
born white, and develop their much loved colouring
later. The giant panda has an insatiable appetite
for bamboo. A typical panda eats half the day, a
full 12 out of every 24 hours,and relieves itself
dozens of times a day. It takes 12.5 kg of bamboo
to satisfy a giant pandas daily dietary needs.
Roads and railroads are increasingly fragmenting
the forest, which isolates panda populations and
prevents mating.
Giant
Panda
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SCIENTIFIC NAME: Spheniscus mendiculus
LOCATION: The Galapagos
HABITAT: Oceans
CONSERVATION STATUS: Endangered
POPULATION ESTIMATE: Fewer than 2000
LIFE SPAN and BEHAVIOURS: The Galapagos Penguin
is 48 to 50 cm in height, and weighs 2 to 4 kg.
Their lifespan is 15 to 20 years. The Galapagos
penguin has a black head with a white border
running from behind their eyes, around the black
ear-coverts and chin, to join on the throat.
Galapagos penguins have blackish-grey upper
parts, and whitish underparts, with two black
bands across the breast, with the lower band
extending down the fanks to the thigh. Before
they breed, Galapagos penguins moult, and they
may do this twice a year. While the Galapagos
penguins are moulting, they usually stay out
of the water. Today, the Galapagos penguin is
listed as an endangered species as like many
species found around the islands. They are
endemic to the area and do not adapt well to
sudden changes in their environment.
Galapagos
Penguin
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SCIENTIFIC NAME: Elephas maximus sumatranus
LOCATION: Borneo and Sumatra
HABITAT: Broadleaf moist tropical forests
CONSERVATION STATUS: Critically Endangered
POPULATION ESTIMATE: 2,400 2,800
LIFE SPAN and BEHAVIOURS: Sumatran Elephants
weigh approximately 5 tons, and stand 1.7 to
2.6 m tall at the shoulder. It is the lightest
of the Asian elephants. This elephant can live
up to 70 years in captivity. Female Sumatran
elephants are generally able to breed by the
time they are 10 years old, and give birth to
a single Sumatran elephant calf after a 22
month gestation period. The Sumatran elephant
population has severely declined as they have
lost more than 80% of their natural habitat to
deforestation for palm oil plantations.
Sumatran
Elephant
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SCIENTIFIC NAME: Zalophus wollebaeki
LOCATION: The Galapagos Islands
HABITAT: Oceans
CONSERVATION STATUS: Endangered
POPULATION ESTIMATE: 50,000
LIFE SPAN and BEHAVIOURS: They have a body
length between 150 and 250 cms, and weigh
between 50 and 400 kgs; the males being
much larger than females. Their lifespan is
estimated between 15 to 24 years. Their bodies
are streamlined, and they have well developed
fore fippers, which they use to propel
themselves through the water. Sea lions often
rest aboard fshing boats, sometimes causing
the boats to sink. Fishermen try to prevent
them from coming aboard by putting up barbwire
as a barrier, but this causes severe injuries
to the sea lions. They are vulnerable to the
effects of climate change on ocean currents,
which impacts their fsh prey abundance.
They are also victims of bycatch in fsheries.
Galapagos
Sea Lions
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SCIENTIFIC NAME: Diceros bicornis
LOCATION: Namibia, Coast East Africa
HABITAT: Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands,
Savannas, Deserts and Xeric Shrublands
CONSERVATION STATUS: Critically Endangered
POPULATION ESTIMATE: 4,848
LIFE SPAN and BEHAVIOURS: The Black Rhinoceros
has two horns, and occasionally a third small
posterior horn. The anterior horn is longer than
the posterior, averaging 50 cm long, which is why
poaching of these animals has increased due to a
growing demand for folk remedies containing Rhino
horns for Asian consumers. A Rhino can weigh in
at 800-1,400 kg and may reach 40-50 years of age.
Black Rhino
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SCIENTIFIC NAME: Ateles paniscus
LOCATION: Amazon
HABITAT: Tropical and subtropical moist
broadleaf forests
CONSERVATION STATUS: Endangered
POPULATION ESTIMATE: Unknown
LIFE SPAN and BEHAVIOURS: the Black Spider
Monkeys body measures from 35 to 66 cm, and
the tail can be up to an extra 90cm in length.
Approximately 6 kg in weight, they can live up
to 22 years. The head is fairly small, with a
prominent muzzle, and the virtually bare face
is red or pink in colour. Spider monkeys have
one of the slowest reproductive rates of all
New World monkeys, the young remaining with
the female for up to four or fve years, and
the female only giving birth about once every
three to four years. Indigenous peoples often
hunt spider monkeys for food, and the animals
are usually agitated by human contact. Logging
and deforestation continue to shrink the space
that spider monkeys are able to call home.
Black Spider
Monkey
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SCIENTIFIC NAME: Eretmochelys imbricata
LOCATION: Mesoamerican Reef, Coastal East
Africa, Coral Triangle
HABITAT: Oceans
CONSERVATION STATUS: Critically Endangered
POPULATION ESTIMATE: Between 20,000 and 23,000
nesting females.
LIFE SPAN and BEHAVIOURS: Hawksbills are named
for their narrow, pointed beak. They have a
distinctive pattern of overlapping scales on
their shells that form a serrated-look on the
edges. These coloured and patterned shells
make them highly valuable and commonly sold as
tortoiseshell in markets. Hawksbills weigh
between 45-68 kg and can get to 110 cm in
length, and can live between 30 and 50 years
in the wild.
Hawksbill
Turtle
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References
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can-wild-dog
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*PAGE 14: WEBSITES: https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/chimpanzee
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*PAGE 16: WEBSITES: https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/yangtze-
fnless-porpoise
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gorilla/
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*PAGE 22: WEBSITES: https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/humphead-
wrasse
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*PAGE 24: WEBSITES: https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/black-foot-
ed-ferret
http://animals.nationalgeographic.com.au/animals/mammals/black-foot-
ed-ferret/
*PAGE 26: WEBSITES: https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/amur-leop-
ard
*PAGE 28: WEBSITES: https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/vaquita
http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/endangered_species/cetaceans/about/
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*PAGE 30: WEBSITES: https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/orangutan
http://www.orangutan.org.au/orangutan-facts
*PAGE 32: WEBSITES: https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/bluefn-tuna
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*PAGE 34: WEBSITES: https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/saola
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saola
*PAGE 36: WEBSITES: https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/giant-panda
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*PAGE 38: WEBSITES: https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/galapagos-
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*PAGE 40: WEBSITES: https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/sumatran-
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