Heat Flow in Welding

Heat Flow in Welding

Lesson Objectives
When you finish this lesson you will
understand:
Heat transfer through the welding arc &
factors affecting it
Heat flow in welded parts & conservatio of
energy
Thermal profiles around moving heat
sources & cooling rates & stresses around
welds
Learning Activities
1. Read Handbook pp
66-84
2. Look up Keywords
3. View Slides;
4. Read Notes,
5. Listen to lecture
6. Do on-line
workbook
7. Do homework
Keywords:
Conduction, Convection, Radiation, Arc Heat Flow, Thermal
Conductivity-Gas, Heat Flux, Fouriers Law, Conservation of
Energy, Moving Heat Source, Thermal Cycles
CONDUCTION - Transfer of Thermal Energy
between one part of a body and an Adjacent
part of the same body or between one body and
another which is in physical contact with it.
CONVECTION - Transfer of Thermal Energy
through mass movement.
RADIATION - Transfer of Thermal Energy by
the emission and absorption of Electromagnetic
Radiation.
Heat Flow in the Arc
Plasma
Electron
Ion
Neutral
Gas Atom
Ionization
Free
Recombination
T>10,000K
Thermal
Cathode
Anode
Electrons Emitted
Electrons Absorbed
Convection
Radiation
Thermionic
Radiation
Conduction in the Arc
Plasma
Electron
Ion
Neutral
Gas Atom
Ionization
Free
Recombination
T>10,000K
Thermal
Cathode
Anode
Electrons Emitted
Electrons Absorbed
Argon
Argon
Helium
Helium
Turn to the person sitting next to you and discuss (1 min.):
The thermal conductivity of Argon and Helium increases
continuously with increasing temperature, but that of
nitrogen and hydrogen show a drop in conductivity where
the diatomic gas atom dissociates. What do you think would
happen if a significant amount of these gases were in the arc
plasma?
Y
t < 0
t = 0
Small t
Large t
T (y,t)
(Initial Transient)
Steady State
Y
t < 0
t = 0
Small t
Large t
T (y,t)
(Initial Transient)
Steady State
sec
sec
sec
2
cal
flow heat A q q
K cm
cal
ty conductivi thermal
cm
cal
flux heat q
dy
d
q
y
o
y
y
= =
=
|
.
|

\
|
=
=

dy
T
hot

T
cooler

y
q

...... +
c
c
+ =
+
dy
y
q
q q
y
y dy y

dy y
q
+

Heat In - Internal Energy + Heat Generated = Heat Out

capacity heat C
density
Q Generated Heat
Ady
t
T
C Energy Internal
A q In Heat
p
gen
p
y
=
=
=
=
=

.
d
d

Start
Finish
Thermocouples
Arc
TEMP
Slow Travel Speed
Fast Travel Speed
1
2
3
4
5
Turn to the person sitting next to you and discuss (1 min.):
This curve was generated when a fast moving arc passed





by the thermocouples. What curves would a slow moving
arc produce?
Do the Homework Assignment 5 Heat Flow
in Welding from the Assignment Page of the
WE300 Website