TIU LUN MN TIN HC I CNG

VIRUS MY TNH













Sinh vin thc hin: Nhm 1 Cn b hng dn
Phm Trung Hiu K124040720 ThS. H Trung Thnh
Trn Hong Hinh K124040721
Nguyn Tun Anh K124040692
Nguyn Th Ngc Mai K124040749
Phm Thu Hng K124040733
Hunh Anh Th K124040802

Tp. HCM, thng 10 nm 2012
TRNG I HC KINH T- LUT
KHOA TI CHNH NGN HNG

[ VIRUS MY TNH ] November 1, 2012

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LI CAM OAN

Nhm 1 chng em xin gii thiu vi thy v mi ngi ti Virus my tnh .
Chng em chn ti ny v n thit thc v b ch cho cc bn sinh vin trong hc tp
cng nh trong mi trng lm vic vi my tnh tr nn thong dng nh hin nay.
Trong qu trnh thc hin ti ny cn c nhiu thiu st do kin thc cn s si
nhng nhng ni dung trnh by trong quyn bo co ny l nhng biu hin kt qu ca
chng em t c di s hng dn ca Thc s H Trung Thnh.
Chng em xin cam oan rng: Nhng ni dung trnh by trong quyn bo co tiu
lun mn Tin hc i cng ny khng phi l bn sao chp t bt k tiu lun no c
trc. Nu khng ng s tht, chng em xin chu mi trch nhim trc thy.

TP HCM, ngy 1/11/2012
Nhm sinh vin thc hin
( K v ghi r h tn)
















[ VIRUS MY TNH ] November 1, 2012

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MC LC
Mc Lc
LI CAM OAN ..............................................................................................................................2
TM TT TIU LUN .....................................................................................................................4
CHNG 1: TNG QUAN TIU LUN MN HC......................................................................5
CHNG 2: C S L THUYT LIN QUAN N TI.......................................................6
CHNG 3: NI DUNG TI ....................................................................................................7
3.1 KHI NIM VIRUS MY TNH ................................................................................................ 7
3.1.1 Khi nim ........................................................................................................................... 7
3.1.2 Cc loi virus my tnh ................................................................................................... 7
3.2 BIU HIN .................................................................................................................................. 7
3.2.1 Nhng du hiu c th cho bit my tnh b ly nhim virus ............................ 7
3.2.2 Nhng du hiu khng ng ngha vi vic tn ti virus my tnh ca bn8
3.2.3 Danh sch cc ui tp c kh nng di truyn v b ly nhim .......................... 9
3.3 HNH THC LY NHIM ......................................................................................................... 9
3.3.1 Virus ly nhim theo cch c in .............................................................................. 9
3.3.2 Virus ly nhim qua th ............................................................................................... 10
3.3.3 Virus ly nhim qua mng Internet ........................................................................... 10
3.4 TC HI .................................................................................................................................... 11
3.4.1 Tc hi ............................................................................................................................... 11
3.4.2 Bin th ............................................................................................................................. 11
3.4.3 Kh nng v hiu ha phn mm dit virus ........................................................... 11
3.5 PHNG CHNG NGN CHN .......................................................................................... 12
3.5.1 S dng phn mm dit virus .................................................................................... 12
3.5.2 Bc tng la ................................................................................................................ 12
3.5.3 Cp nht v sa cha cc li ca H iu hnh ................................................... 12
3.5.4 Vn dng kinh nghim s dng my tnh ............................................................... 12
3.5.5 Bo v d liu my tnh ................................................................................................ 13
TI LIU THAM KHO .......................................................................................................................... 14

[ VIRUS MY TNH ] November 1, 2012

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TM TT TIU LUN

Virus my tnh l mt vn dng nh c ngi s dng my tnh rt quan
tm hin nay. Cng nh s pht trin ca cc dch v i km khi mua my tnh, mt
phn mm dit virus cng rt ng quan tm bi tm nh hng ln ca virus n
vic s dng my tnh ca mi ngi. Nhm 1 chn ti Virus my tnh l ti
nghin cu bi mun em n cho thy v cc bn sinh vin mt ci nhn tng quan
v : Khi nim, cc loi virus, hnh thc ly nhim, biu hin, tc hi v cch phng
chng- ngn chn hiu qu.

Kt qu t c v vn tn ti : Sau khi nhm 1 nghin cu ti t
c nhng kt qu hu ch nh hiu c cc vn lin quan n hnh thc ly
nhim m cc bn vn ang lm tn hi n my tnh. Ngoi ra, ti gip cc bn
bit cch phng chng ng k vic ly nhim ca virus my tnh cng nh cc vn
lin quan virus my tnh. Bn cnh nhng kt qu t c, mt s vn tn ti
l cha i su vo cc biu hin c th cng nh cch ci t phn mm hiu qu v
mt s vn khc.

Sau khi nghin cu tiu lun mn hc ny, nhm 1 s c gng khc phc
nhng vn tn ti v m rng ti c th thit thc hn vi cng vic hc tp
v vic s dng my tnh rng ri nh hin nay.






















[ VIRUS MY TNH ] November 1, 2012

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CHNG 1: TNG QUAN TIU LUN MN HC

Ngy nay vi s pht trin ca internet v mng li thng tin ton cu lm cho
khong cch a l khng cn l vn quan trng. Bn cnh rt nhiu tin ch t mng
internet em li th khng th ph nhn rng n cng l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn
lan truyn virus my tnh vi tc cao. Trong nhng nm gn y, xut hin bo ng
v virus my tnh ti Vit Nam. Theo trang web www.quantrimang.com.vn ch ring
nm 2010, c ti 58.6 triu lt my tnh ti Vit Nam b nhim virus, v khng dng
li con s ny lin tc tng theo cc nm. iu ny cho thy trung bnh mt ngy
c hn 160 nghn my tnh b nhim virus. Cc chuyn gia an ninh mng nh gi, y l
con s bo ng v tnh hnh virus my tnh ti Vit Nam.
Virus my tnh ng ngha vi thit hi c v thi gian v tin bc. N l mi e
da nghim trng i vi my tnh ca chng ta. V vy, tm hiu v virus my tnh
phng trnh chng l iu nn lm. ti tiu lun ny s gip mi ngi hiu v ngun
gc ca virus my tnh cng nh cch ngn chn tc hi ca virus my tnh v quan trng
hn l bo v d liu my tnh ca bn mt cch hiu qu nht.






















[ VIRUS MY TNH ] November 1, 2012

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CHNG 2: C S L THUYT LIN QUAN N TI

Ngy nay internet tr nn rt ph bin i vi hu ht mi ngi, song song cng
vi s pht trin chnh l s pht tn rng ri ca virus. Virus c tc hi v cng to ln
n thit b my tnh cng nh ngi dng. V vy, ch Virus c nhm chng em
la chn lm bi tiu lun. Qua bi tiu lun ny, mi ngi s c cch nhn ton din
hn v virus, t bit c cch ngn nga, phng chng cho my tnh ca mnh khi
b ly nhim virus. c bit nhm chng em s cung cp cho cc bn mt s phn mm
tin ch dit virus hiu qu, v ang c s dng rng ri trn th gii.
Nhiu ngi dng my tnh e ngi v s ph hy ti liu hay khin my tnh hot
ng chm cng nh kh khn khi ci mt s phn mm m virus my tnh gy ra. V
ngi dng ch bit n tc ng n my tnh mnh s dng nhng cha bit nguyn
nhn ti sao, virus ly nhim bng cch no v phi lm nh th no phng chng-
ngn chn s ly nhim ca virus my tnh. ti ny s gii p hu ht cc thc mc
v vn t ra lin quan n virus my tnh.
























[ VIRUS MY TNH ] November 1, 2012

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CHNG 3: NI DUNG TI

3.1 KHI NIM VIRUS MY TNH

3.1.1 Khi nim

Virus my tnh (thng c ngi s dng gi tt l virus) l nhng chng trnh
hay on m c thit k t nhn bn v sao chp chnh n vo cc i tng ly
nhim khc (file, a, my tnh,...).

3.1.2 Cc loi virus my tnh

- Virus Boot, Marco ( ngy nay hu nh khng cn thy na): virus Boot c tc ly
lan rt chm v khng cn ph hp vi thi i ca Internet. Tuy nhin, virus Boot
vn l mt phn trong lch s virus my tnh.
- Virus file c ui m rng .com, .exe, .bat, .pif, .sys: khi m cc file b nhim virus,
virus cng t ng kch hot v ly nhim sang cc file khc.
- Virus Sobig.F tr thnh mt trong nhng loi virus c tc ly nhim nhanh nht
trong lch s, tc nghn email v ng truyn.
- Virus su internet worm l loi virus c sc ly lan rng v ph bin nht hin nay khi
dung internet, c th gi mo ngi dung thong qua email hoc personal information.
- "Mydoom" gy ra tnh trng tch nghn ng truyn v c lp trnh tn cng
vo website ca Microsoft.

3.2 BIU HIN

3.2.1 Nhng du hiu c th cho bit my tnh b ly nhim virus

- Hin tng trnh duyt b Hijack. Trang ch trnh duyt web ca my bn b thay i
mt cch t ngt v bn khng th kim sot mt cch bnh thng nh mun
c.
- Mt toolbar l bt cht xut hin Internet Explorer m bn khng h ci t hay bit
v sao chng li xut hin my tnh ca bn.
- Firewall my tnh ca bn bo mt process/tin trnh l ang c gng truy cp Internet
m tin trnh ny cha bao gi xut hin my bn trc y v bn cng cha bao
gi ci t chng trnh no c s dng process/tin trnh l ny.
- Nhng popup qung co kh chu thng xuyn xut hin m bn khng th kim
sot, ng hay tt i khi dng trnh duyt web c.
[ VIRUS MY TNH ] November 1, 2012

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- Mt s chng trnh bo mt (Antivirus,Antispyware,Antimalware,Firewall...) my
bn ng lot khng th m c hoc m ln c trong mt thi gian rt ngn th
b tt ngay v bn khng th dng cc phn mm ny scan virus.
- S xut hin mt s chng trnh mi v l khi xem danh sch cc phn mm vi
Add/Remove Programs ca Control Panel v bn khng th g b cc phn mm ny
nh mong mun.
- Bn t ngt b chn v khng th s dng mt s chng trnh/chc nng ca h
iu hnh Windows: Task Manager, Regedit, MSConfig, ca s Run... hoc nhng
chng trnh/chc nng ny ch chy v hin th trong thi gian rt ngn v b tt
ngay lp tc.
- Mn hnh desktop ca bn bng chuyn sang mt giao din l vi thng bo cho bit
l my bn b hack/ly nhim malware (virus...) hoc xut hin cc thng bo
khay h thng (system tray) cho bit my bn ang b nhim malware (virus...) trm
trng v yu cu bn tr ph mua phn mm my tnh c cha tr Big grin : y
l du hiu cho bit my bn b ly nhim phn mm bo mt gi mo.
- Bn nhn c rt nhiu phn hi phn nn v vic bn gi email cha malware
(virus...) cho bn b v ngi thn hoc hp th ca bn cha nhng email l c
gi i t hm th ca bn m bn khng hay bit.
- Bn c th truy cp website Google.com.vn nhng bn khng th truy cp website
Microsoft.com v website cc hng antivirus (cmcinfosec.com, kaspersky.com...)


3.2.2 Nhng du hiu khng ng ngha vi vic tn ti virus my
tnh ca bn

- My tnh hot ng nng n, chm chp vi lng CPU Usage rt ln >90%.
- Dung lng trao i thng tin qua mng v bandwidth s dng tng t bin.
- Mt s service l c thm vo v mt s service b mt i hoc trc y chy
nhng b tt i.
- Thi gian khi ng my v shutdown (tt) my tng t bin.
- Nhng li l thng xuyn xut hin, nhiu chc nng ca h iu hnh t ngt
khng th hot ng bnh thng.
- S xut hin t ngt v t ng bin mt ca mt s process l m trc y khng
h tn ti my bn.
- S xut hin cc phn mm iu khin my tnh t xa (RAT) my tnh ca bn m
khng c s cho php hoc nhn bit ca bn v s tn ti ca chng.
- My tnh t ngt lin tc b gim dung lng a mt cch trm trng.
[ VIRUS MY TNH ] November 1, 2012

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3.2.3 Danh sch cc ui tp c kh nng di truyn v b ly nhim
Cc tp tin trn h iu hnh Windows mang ui m rng sau c nhiu kh nng
b virus tn cng.
- .bat: Microsoft Batch File (Tp x l theo l)
- .chm: Compressed HTML Help File (Tp ti liu di dng nn HTML)
- .cmd: Command file for Windows NT (Tp thc thi ca Windows NT)
- .com: Command file (program) (Tp thc thi)
- .cpl: Control Panel extension (Tp ca Control Panel)
- .doc: Microsoft Word (Tp ca chng trnh Microsoft Word)
- .exe: Executable File (Tp thc thi)
- .hlp: Help file (Tp ni dung tr gip ngi dng)
- .hta: HTML Application (ng dng HTML)
- .js: JavaScript File (Tp JavaScript)
- .jse: JavaScript Encoded Script File (Tp m ho JavaScript)
- .lnk: Shortcut File (Tp ng dn)
- .msi: Microsoft Installer File (Tp ci t)
- .pif: Program Information File (Tp thng tin chng trnh)
- .reg: Registry File (Tp can thip v chnh sa Registry)
- .scr: Screen Saver (Portable Executable File)
- .sct: Windows Script Component
- .shb: Document Shortcut File
- .shs: Shell Scrap Object
- .vb: Visual Basic File
- .vbe: Visual Basic Encoded Script File
- .vbs: Visual Basic File (Tp c lp trnh bi Visual Basic)
- .wsc: Windows Script Component
- .wsf: Windows Script File
- .wsh: Windows Script Host File
- .{*}: Class ID (CLSID) File Extensions
3.3 HNH THC LY NHIM

3.3.1 Virus ly nhim theo cch c in

Cch c in nht ca s ly nhim, bnh trng ca cc loai virus my tnh l
thng qua cc thit b lu tr di ng. Trc y a mm v a CD cha chng trnh
thng l phng tin b li dng nhiu nht pht tn. Ngy nay khi a mm rt t
c s dng th phng thc ly nhim ny chuyn qua cc USB, cc a cng di
ng hoc cc thit b gii tr k thut s.


[ VIRUS MY TNH ] November 1, 2012

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3.3.2 Virus ly nhim qua th

Th in t (email) l phng tin thng tin c s dng rng ri. V vy virus
c th t tm ra danh sch cc a ch c trong my ngi s dng ri t ng gi i
hng lot mass mail.Bng con ng ny virus pht tn rt nhanh theo cp s nhn.
Phng thc ly nhim qua th in t bao in t (email) gm:
- Ly nhim vo cc file nh km theo th in t (attached mail). Khi ngi dng
s khng b nhim virus cho ti khi file nh km b nhim virus c kch hot (do
c dim ny cc virus thng c "tr hnh" bi cc tiu hp dn nh sex, th
thao hay qung co bn phn mm vi gi v cng r).
- Ly nhim do m mt lin kt trong th in t. Cc lin kt trong th in t c th
dn n mt trang web c ci sn virus, cch ny thng khai thc cc l hng ca
trnh duyt v h iu hnh. Mt cch khc, lin kt dn ti vic thc thi mt on
m, v my tnh b c th b ly nhim virus.
- Ly nhim ngay khi m xem th in t: Cch ny v cng nguy him bi cha
cn kch hot cc file hoc m cc lin kt, my tnh c th b ly nhim virus.
Cch ny cng thng khai thc cc li ca h iu hnh.

3.3.3 Virus ly nhim qua mng Internet
Theo s pht trin rng ri ca Internet trn th gii m hin nay cc hnh thc ly
nhim virus qua Internet tr thnh cc phng thc chnh ca virus ngy nay.
C cc hnh thc ly nhim virus v phn mm c hi thng qua Internet nh sau:
- Ly nhim thng qua cc file ti liu, phn mm: L cch ly nhim c in, nhng
thay th cc hnh thc truyn file theo cch c in (a mm, a USB...) bng cch
ti t Internet, trao i, thng qua cc phn mm...
- Ly nhim khi ang truy cp cc trang web c ci t virus (theo cch v tnh hoc
c )
- Ly nhim virus hoc chim quyn iu khin my tnh thng qua cc li bo mt h
iu hnh, ng dng sn c trn h iu hnh hoc phn mm ca hng th 3: iu
ny c th kh tin i vi mt s ngi s dng, tuy nhin tin tc c th li dng cc
li bo mt ca h iu hnh, phn mm sn c trn h iu hnh (v d Windows
Media Player) hoc li bo mt ca cc phn mm ca hng th ba (v d Acrobat
Reader) ly nhim virus hoc chim quyn kim sot my tnh nn nhn khi m
cc file lin kt vi cc phn mm ny.




[ VIRUS MY TNH ] November 1, 2012

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3.4 TC HI

3.4.1 Tc hi
Cc virus th h u tin c th tn ph nng n d liu, a v h thng. Cc
virus ngy nay thng phc v cho nhng mc ch kinh t hoc ph hoi c th. Chng
c th ch li dng my tnh ca bn pht tn th qung co hay thu thp a ch email
ca bn.
Cng c th chng c s dng n cp ti khon ngn hng, ti khon hm
th hay cc thng tin c nhn quan trng ca bn. Cng c th chng s dng my bn
nh mt cng c tn cng vo mt h thng khc hoc tn cng ngay vo h thng
mng bn ang s dng. i khi bn l nn nhn thc s m virus nhm vo, i khi bn
v tnh tr thnh "tr th" cho chng tn cng vo h thng khc. Nh vy, nhng tc hi
ph bin l :
- Lm ngng hot ng ca mt s chung trnh, a v h thng
- Xa d liu.
- Lm hng cng.
- n cp thng tin c nhn.
- Gi to email.
- Tc nghn ng truyn internet.

3.4.2 Bin th

Mt hnh thc trong c ch hot ng ca virus l to ra cc bin th ca chng.
- Bin th ca virus l s thay i m ngun nhm: trnh s pht hin ca phn mm
dit virus hoc thay i hnh ng ca n.
- Mt s loi virus c th t to ra cc bin th khc nhau. Cn mt s loi bin th
xut hin sau khi virus b nhn dng ca cc phn mm dit virus, chnh tc gi hoc
cc tin tc khc vit li, nng cp hoc ci tin chng tip tc pht tn.

3.4.3 Kh nng v hiu ha phn mm dit virus

- V hiu ha hoc can thip vo h iu hnh lm t lit phn mm dit virus ri ly
nhim v pht tn.
- Ly nhim chnh vo phn mm dit virus
- Ngn cn s cp nht ca cc phn mm dit virus
- Sa i file host ca h iu hnh windows ngi s dng khng th truy cp vo
cc website v phn mm dit virus khng th lin lc vi server ca mnh cp
nht.
[ VIRUS MY TNH ] November 1, 2012

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3.5 PHNG CHNG NGN CHN

Mc d khng chn chn bo v an ton 100% cho my tnh khi Virus, nhng
chng ta c th hn ch ti a c th v c nhng bin php sau y:
3.5.1 S dng phn mm dit virus
Cc phn mm dit Virus hin nay c ngi dng s dng rng ri. Bng cch
trang b thm mt phn mm dit virus c kh nng nhn bit nhiu loi virus my tnh v
lin tc cp nht d liu phn mm lun nhn bit c cc virus mi.
3.5.2 Bc tng la
Bc tng la (Fire wall) qu quen thuc vi chng ta. Khi s dng tng la,
cc thng tin vo v ra i vi my tnh c kim sot mt cch v thc hoc c ch .
Nu mt phn mm c hi c ci vo my tnh c hnh ng kt ni ra Internet th
tng la c th cnh bo gip ngi s dng loi b hoc v hiu ho chng. Tng la
gip ngn chn cc kt ni n khng mong mun gim nguy c b kim sot my tnh
ngoi mun hoc ci t vo cc chng trnh c hi hay virus my tnh.
3.5.3 Cp nht v sa cha cc li ca H iu hnh
H iu hnh Windows (chim a s) lun lun b pht hin cc li bo mt chnh
bi s thng dng ca n, tin tc c th li dng cc li bo mt chim quyn iu
khin hoc pht tn virus v cc phn mm c hi. Ngi s dng lun cn cp nht cc
bn sa li ca Windows thng qua trang web Microsoft Update (cho vic nng cp tt c
cc phn mm ca hng Microsoft) hoc Windows Update (ch cp nht ring cho
Windows). Cch tt nht hy t ch nng cp (sa cha) t ng (Automatic Updates)
ca Windows.
3.5.4 Vn dng kinh nghim s dng my tnh
Cho d s dng tt c cc phn mm v phng thc trn nhng my tnh vn c
kh nng b ly nhim virus v cc phn mm c hi bi mu virus mi cha c cp
nht kp thi i vi phn mm dit virus. Ngi s dng my tnh cn s dng trit
cc chc nng, ng dng sn c trong h iu hnh v cc kinh nghim khc bo v cho
h iu hnh v d liu ca mnh. Mt s kinh nghim tham kho nh sau:
- Pht hin s hot ng khc thng ca my tnh
- Kim sot cc ng dng ang hot ng
- Loi b mt s tnh nng ca h iu hnh c th to iu kin cho s ly nhim virus.
[ VIRUS MY TNH ] November 1, 2012

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3.5.5 Bo v d liu my tnh
Nu nh khng chc chn 100% rng c th khng b ly nhim virus my tnh v
cc phn mm him c khc th bn nn t bo v s ton vn ca d liu ca mnh trc
khi d liu b h hng do virus (hoc ngay c cc nguy c tim tng khc nh s h hng
ca cc thit b lu tr d liu ca my tnh). Trong phm vi v bi vit v virus my tnh,
bn c th tham kho cc tng chnh nh sau:
- Sao lu d liu theo chu k
- To cc d liu phc hi cho ton h thng






























[ VIRUS MY TNH ] November 1, 2012

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TI LIU THAM KHO

Website tham kho

http://www.washington.edu/lst/help/computing_fundamentals/computermgmt/anti
virus_intro

http://vietsciences.free.fr/timhieu/khoahoc/tinhoc/virus_spam_spy.htm

http://www.bkav.com.vn/

http://www.avira.com/en/index

http://www.kaspersky.com/

http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?collection=journals&handle=hein.journal
s/dlr93&div=34&id=&page=

http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus_%28m%C3%A1y_t%C3%ADnh%29