ANGLES MADE BY A TRANSVERSAL (sections 3.2, 3.3, 3.

4)
Transversal - is a line or a ray crossing two or more lines. On the below picture lines l1 and l2
are crossed by another line t which is a transversal. In the case of two lines it is possible to
recognize the following pairs of angles.




Corresponding angles - are those above or below lines on the same side from the transversal.
So, angles 1 and 5, 4 and 8, 2 and 6, 3 and 7 are pairs of corresponding angles.

Alternate interior angles - are angles standing inside lines on the opposite sides from the
transversal. Angles 4 and 6, 3 and 5 are alternate interior angles.

Alterante exterior angles - are angles outside lines and on the opposite sides from the
transversal. So, angles 1 and 7, 2 and 8 are alternate exterior angles.

Consecutive angles - are angles standing inside lines on the same side from the transversal. On
the picture, angles 3 and 6, 4 and 5 are consecutive angles.

THEOREM about corresponding angles.
If corresponding angles are congruent, then lines are parallel.

CONVERSE of this theorem is also true: If lines are parallel, then corresponding angles are
congruent.

THEOREM about alternate interior angle.
If alternate interior angles are congruent, then corresponding angles are also congruent.

CONVERSE of this theorem is also true: If lines are parallel, then alternate interior angles are
congruent.

CONCLUSION: If alternate angles are congruent, then lines are parallel.