MT S KHI NIM C BN

V THNG TIN V TUYN

CONCEPTs OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Ths. H c T
B Mn Vin Thng
Khoa in-in T
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa TP. H Ch Minh


Tp.HCM 9-2006
2
NI DUNG
Khi nim v nguyn l c bn 1
Mng thng tin t bo
2
3
4
Khi nim lu lng
Khi nim iu khin cuc gi
5
Can nhiu v dung lng HT
3
O Khi nim
I. Chc nng c bn ca mt h
thng TT di ng:

= Thit lp kt ni d liu (Data
connection) gia 2 thu bao hoc
gia thu bao di ng v mt nh
cung cp dch v.
= Cc thu bao c th di ng c
(Mobility).
= H tr chc nng nh v cho cc
thu bao.
= m bo thu bao lun c kt
ni vi mt trm thu pht sng gc
(BTS) trong mng thng tin t bo
(Cellular Network).
4
O Nguyn l truyn thng di ng
MSC
MS1
MS2
BTS1
BTS2
5
O S mng CDMA 2000 1X (Exp.)
PSTN
/PLMN
BTS
BSC
BTS
BTS
BTS
BSC
IWF
AAA
Internet
HA
DCN
PDSN(FA)
SMSC
HLR/AuC
MSC/VLR
VMS
Radio Access Network RAN
Packet Core Network PCN
Circuit Core Network CCN
WIN/PPS
MS
MS
6
O P.T. truyn sng ban u
tng thit k ban u:
Mt h thng v tuyn c th
phc v kt ni cho mt
khu vc rng ln:


Antenna kh cao
CS pht ln
Nhng khng p dng
k tht ti s dng ti
nguyn v tuyn.
Dung lng h thng
hn ch
S dng ph tn s
km hiu qu.
7
O Khi nim ti s dng tn s
* Khi nim:
* Khi nim ti s dng (Re-use) tn s trong T.T. t bo:
+ Nng cao dung lng h thng
+ Trnh tt nghn trong thng tin
+ Tit kim, s dng hiu qu ti nguyn v tuyn


* Thc hin:
Thay th 1BTS cng sut pht ln thnh nhiu BTS cng sut b hn.
Mi BTS ch ph sng cho mt vng vi phm vi nh hn.
Cc vng ph sng ny c b tr st nhau v gi l cc t bo thng
tin (Communication Cell).


Mi BTS c gn mt nhm tn s (f1,f2).
Cc BTS k cn s dng cc nhm tn s khc nhau (f1,f2; f3,f4)
Ti s dng nhm tn s Cell ny cho cc Cell khng k cn
8
O Khi nim Cluster
Khi nim Cluster:

L nhm cc Cell gn nhau v c
tn s hon ton khc nhau:

Tng s cc tn s c trong
Cluster bng vi tng tn s
c c trong ton h thng
n: s Cell trong mt Cluster
gi l kch thc ca Cluster.

H s ti s dng tn s R
GSM
CDMA
9
O Khi nim Cluster
Cc Cluster khc nhau
c t ti cc v tr a l
khc nhau trn ton min
ph sng.
thun tin cho vic qui
hoch, qun l v pht
trin mng, Cell c dng
hnh lc gic.
V c bn, c 2 cch t
trm BTS:
Ti tm ca Cell
(antenna v hng)
Ti gc ca 3 Cell k
nhau (Antenna c
hng).
10
O Khi nim cell v cluster
Cell hnh lc gic nn cc
Cluster xp st nhau:




2 2
j ij i n
Di tn s dng trong mt cell
bng 1/n tng tn s s dng
trong ton b h thng.
Nu n nh, kch thc Cell
khng i S Cluster tng
ln dung lng HT tng,
nhng nhiu ng knh tng.
Ngc li, nu n ln t
Cluster v nhiu ng knh b.
Cn thit k N nh m bo
dung lng h thng cng nh
cht lng thng tin
11
O Khi nim mng T.T. t bo
+ M hnh chia vng ph sng thnh cc cell/cluster:
M hnh khi nim v mng thng tin t bo:
12
O Cu trc h thng TT t bo
1. Vi mi trm gc
Ph sng mt phn ca
mng bng mt trm v
tuyn gc.
c cp pht mt hoc
nhiu sng mang
2. Kt ni Duplex gia thu
bao MS vi trm gc
3. Mt MSC c th qun l
nhiu BS.
4. MSC c th l Gateway
kt ni vi cc h
thng V.T. khc.
Cu trc h thng T.T v tuyn t bo
13
O Khi nim vng ph sng
Trn thc t, vng ph sng ca mt Cell c hnh dng
ph thuc vo a hnh (Footprint).
14
O M hnh mng t bo thc
Mt v d v vng ph sng trn thc t ca mt mng
thng tin di ng PLMN:
15
O Khi nim .K. cuc gi
MS thc hin trao i tin v lin lc
vi BTS thng qua cp tn s:
Hng ln (Reverse)
Hng xung (Forward)
C 4 loi knh c bn:
Reverse Control Channel RCC
Reverse Voice Channel RVC
Forward Control Channel FCC
Forward Voice Channel FVC
Knh iu khin thit lp cuc gi v
chuyn n knh thoi ri.
Nhn v pht cc thng tin thit lp
cuc gi, yu cu dch v.
c gim st bi cc thu bao.
MSC
16
O iu khin cuc gi
Mi Cell u c knh iu khin.
Khi m my, MS qut tm cc
knh iu khin, chn knh mnh
nht v gim st knh .
Khi MS c gi, MSC gi yu cu
tm kim thu bao c gi ti tt
c BTS. T BTS tip tc tm
kim thu bao c gi thng qua
knh iu khin xung FCC.
Khi TB c gi nhn c tin, n
xc nhn, gi ti BTS qua knh
RCC. BTS chuyn bn tin ny n
MSC.

MSC
17
O iu khin cuc gi
MSC iu khin BTS kt ni
cuc gi n trn mt knh
thoi ri.
ng thi BTS bo hiu cho MS
tin hnh kt ni trn knh
thoi ri ny.
Tip n, BTS truyn tn hiu
chung cho MS chung.
Trong qu trnh gi, MSC iu
chnh cng sut ca MS ti
u thu/pht tn hiu.
MSC iu khin BTS chuyn
giao cuc gi khi MS i ra khi
vng ph sng (Hand-off).
MSC
18
O iu khin cuc gi
Khi MS thit lp cuc gi, MS gi
s nhn dng ca n v s cn gi
n BTS thng qua knh RCC.
BTS nhn thng ip ny v gi
tip n MSC.
MSC phn tch yu cu, xem s
cn gi thuc mng PSTN hay
mng di ng:
a) PSTN, MSC nh tuyn
cuc gi n tng i ca
mng PSTN.
b) PLMN, MSC pht tin qung
b n tt c cc BTS, tm
kim TB c gi v kt
ni vi TB ny.

MSC
19
O Khi nim Hand-off
O Yu cu v c im ca Hand-Off:

Hand Off m bo cuc gi lin tc khi MS di chuyn t Cell ny sang Cell khc.
MSC chuyn cuc gi n mt knh v tuyn thuc mt BTS mi.
Yu cu cho Hand Off lun cao hn yu cu thit lp cuc gi.
Hand Off khng c nhn bit bi ngi s dng.
Mc cng sut thu ti u ti BTS c ch nh tin hnh Hand-off, thng: -90~ -
100(dBm), ty thuc cc h thng khc nhau.
= P
Rhandoff
P
Rminimum usable
khng qu ln hoc qu nh
MSC
3G BTS
MSC
3G BTS
CAN
BSC
3G BTS
BSC
BSC

BSC
CAN IS-2000
Intra-BSC, Intra-MSC Handoff
Inter-BSC, Intra-MSC Handoff
Inter-BSC, Inter-MSC Handoff
3G BTS
BTS
20
O Handoff trong h thng 1 & 2G
O C s ca vic Hand-Off cc h thng 1G v 2G:

H thng 1G, cng trng o bi BTS v c gim st bi MSC.
BTS o cng trng ca cc MS trong Cell thng qua o tn hiu
ca cc knh thoi.
ng thi mt Receiver khc ca BTS chu trch nhim o cng
trng ca tt c cc MS thuc BTS xung quanh.
Da vo gi tr o c, MSC quyt nh l tin hnh Hand-Off hay
khng ? Thng th = 6 ~12 dB.
Cc h thng 2G, vic Hand Off c s tr gip ca MS.
MS lun o cng sut t BTS phc v v o cng sut t BTS k cn,
gi v MSC.
Khi cng sut t BTS k cn cao hn cng sut t BTS phc v, Hand
off xy ra. Thng th = 1 ~ 6 dB.
Khi MS di chuyn sang mt Cell khc (thuc MSC khc) gi l
Intersystem Hand Off.
21
O Tin trnh x l Hand-off
Pilot Strength
(Ec/Io)
Cell A
Cell B
Moving Direction of MS
Add point
Drop point
Handoff Region
Cell A Cell B
HAND-OFF CALL PROCESSING
BTS-A BTS-B
22
O Cc dng Hand-off c bn
Scope of Hand-off: Intra-BS, Intra-MSC Handoff
Inter-BS, Intra-MSC Handoff
Inter-BS, Inter-MSC Handoff
23
O Khi nim lu lng (Traffic)
Mi User c cp mt tn s khi c yu cu thoi v gii phng khi
kt thc.
Do h thng ch c th phc v mt s lng ln thu bao vi s
lng knh gii hn (Traffic and Grade of Service).
Lu lng (Traffic) c n v l Erlang.
Mt Erlang (1Erl) c ngha l lu lng c truyn ti bi mt knh
m n hon ton c s dng trong sut thi gian thc hin o lu
lng truyn qua knh .
Cng thc v lu lng cn thit cho mt User:

Trong : : Tn sut thc hin cuc gi (s cuc/n v tgian)
H : Thi gian trung bnh thc hin cuc gi
Tng lu lng cn thit cho U users l:



S lng knh trong mt Cell phi ln hn hoc bng A.

H A .

H U A U A
U
. . .

24
O Cp Dch V - GOS
Khi nim Grade of Service (GOS): kh nng tt nghn h thng
vo gi cao im (BH: Busy Hour).
GOS t l vi nhng cuc gi khng th lin lc c v cc knh
ang b chim ht.
GOS: tiu chun i vi cht lng chuyn mch (1%)
Cng thc tnh ERLANG_B: Th hin quan h gia kh nng nghn
GOS, s knh C v lu lng A:






tin s dng, da vo bng kt qu gii bi tm s knh cn
phc v khi bit GOS v lu lng cn truyn.

) (
!
!
0
B
k
A
C
A
GOS
C
k
k
C

25
O Bng tham chiu tnh Erlang_B
C
(Channel)
1% 1.2% 1.50% 2% 3% 5%
1 0.0101 0.0121 0.152 0.0204 0.0309 0.0526
2 0.153 0.168 0.19 0.23 0.282 0.381
3 0.455 0.489 0.535 0.602 0.715 0.899
4 0.869 0.922 0.992 1.09 1.26 1.52
5 1.36 1.43 1.52 1.66 1.88 2.22
6 1.91 2 2.11 2.28 2.54 2.96
7 2.5 2.6 2.74 2.94 3.25 3.74
8 3.13 3.25 3.4 3.63 3.99 4.54
9 3.78 3.92 4.09 4.34 4.75 5.37
10 4.46 4.61 4.81 5.08 5.53 6.22
26
O V d tnh ton s knh
O V d tnh ton s knh cn thit phc v 100 Users, vi mc phc v
GOS=2%. Lu lng trung bnh cho mi ngi s dng l 30m Erl
27
O Khi nim Channel Usage
28
O K thut Trunking
Tng quan v Trunking
measured traffic representative traffic
expected traffic
at target future
required channel
without margin
raw traffic
interval, values
average, peak
statistical analysis
traffic forecast
seasonal variation
Erlang-B
expected traffic
/ route
network
configuration
required channel
with margin
Margin
u t hiu qu
1
Giao tip trong h thng li : MSC E1
Port
Giao tip trong truyn dn: E1 Port
Dung lng truyn dn kt ni (in., ext.)
m bo cht lng dch v
2
Mc QoS thi im thng
Mc QoS khi c s c h thng
Mc QoS cho cc d liu bt thng
Mc ch Trunking
8 required E1/Route
29
O Can nhiu v dung lng HT

OGi thit tnh ton nhiu ng knh CCI
30
O Khi nim Reuse Distance
O Reuse distance, D:
31
O Tnh ton s Cell trong Cluster
32
O Khi nim Sector ha
Advantage:
Disadvantage:
33
O Khi nim Sector ha
34
Ni dung cn nm bt
Khi nim chung v cc h thng
Thng tin v tuyn
Phn tch c iu khin cuc gi
Trong h thng di ng
Phn tch c c ch chuyn giao
Cuc gi Hand-off
Phn tch v tnh ton c lu
Lng cn thit trong h thng thng tin
Can nhiu v dung lng h thng
35
Phn tip theo
Chng
Mt
1. Cc khi nim
6. Thit k h thng T.T.D.
2. M hnh truyn sng
3. FDMA, TDMA, CDMA. OFDMA
5. K thut tri ph
V h thng CDMA
4. H thng GSM (TDMA)