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RH ffW3
^3,
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^ fefq 5 M3 fR ^t fed'dU'd' ^
Vf3^3I,
fRR

fa R>re c?gs
^ 3
IJpTU o^?j ^Tg
^ feRBHR3g US, 'HWfe^', ft?R S fe
>mr otk mtiti feR m^Irr (anti-social) 5?ftre us, >X3 m^btr!
Rct3tBT feR
r
fe^feRfsR? (deviationist)
feu 5TO5 5, 'srfH^S ^nj3' 3 &3 fas HB* ?> jj RcT
TT^,
HH >HfOoTg 11J3, QoldM'd, fa fa?5 H'H%d<* fS^ FFH*fac?
fwW s fauro? *wiktil fog^ (constitutional affirm-
ation), fJtWd'A 3 HHHHW ^t THHT
FJtaf $ iS#
ift
W
fed cT^S fe
J
g
f^rg ^r
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fn fag r ra SS3f
r
3
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yr
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5T3 HS3I l"*
Hera (reasoning) irotus^ sss ^ 'c?>flss >>fr33'
terete i^shh Hvfeg ?> Qw^'i? are ^ ^ ^ ^ sfew,
33 (reason)
fa
3 a farf?p>r tF
#p 9, fa 'ofwtto? >H^33
,
nre
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^crmrgt ire u i
t^fet RH%3 fag "SMt^S >X&33' V?W3 fU
fa^ faf^
33-
HHfer ?> h* nfaw ? nttT-^B^ (causa prima) fen w u
3 3 fefWH W% tffo f U', fa fat* HF3W, fWfaoT
fe^
'
v/M 31
^
ygrg
Htere sra^t 5, us gi^as hm^ Si5^^^ av fag,
a hh*h fa
ur?rat Scsruw ^ h^ 3 uu uaH-ujre!
(summum
genus) u^re u t, fan fag fa fafo fa<5 hh
1
^ fecpnTw (com-
munities
),
h #* ?F3W (species) ire, sp
Mkj^
'
dW
(coordinate species), uijf, fayte (inverse) toW
25 ffS, ftT# fa fewaTWt 58^ i I Wjt>H' faujH tF3>>f SoWB3f
fa^ fegWB* fef
1
U fa, HSgifa GWA'H3lj HT7H
s
r
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fa*$3 HVTtT
^cjt>HT Tirg^i gt^
a
fap>M fefelTO fa^ fad(SlfT
felR
d faf
4
S US, fu W^hW ?rat 7P R^reW l
swKfoH-f?i3sj fag fe"^ ^v^N (peoples) fa^HBrs fag
>>%if
8;
3r?5^h cftsw to a fa fJt?Hd'^ fae Tjg-HH*
(political
sovereignty) h^<ss Elf ww-fwi *Hfel o^,
fbf, hrbk
1
^
*
"Let the British, before they quit, make art award giving
the muslims their own bit of country, however small it might be,
and they would live there, if necessary on one meal a day."
noted by R. P. Masani, in Britain in India, Oxford, 1960
p. 2:1
t fiftf I ffe# HRWHW
grg^
f
1
^ feu* ?F U> U fsf # ^
Hfe W3VF
^r
^nt^H ^w ^fo, >H
q
i
d dd^ (postulate) 7F8
<ff %gg Rt, fe ftftfflras ^t urtrI i^-hut
Rug-R* oruu
feg >mfe
a#, VU fiftji
grg
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|
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{t^
^p^nr
gj
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j^r^
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f
r
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ft
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i hV hh^ u?j i iran
sw, m >xur?j &z ^ ^ feg j^ jg
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#, TOlM^I 3 )*#
&,
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fe^,
|
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tS
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g fef- y^
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fen frro huh # yuusr ^ren* (dynamism) u i eg wre faust
Rfu^ uru? (coexistence), snt^fe fcrera
^ uu^-btw^
(presupposition), u,
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1
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1
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r
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(political right of self-determination)

ut ur^
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h nfucr F3Kr
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y^$
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15 a)
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fen hu?3 ui ^farsft wzwz ^w hu^u!
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US Uvrt^ U tFUsTO TO 1 TO
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porphyry)
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re fydfttsf & 3l rrri
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31^3^51? 3H H^ HO'fVJd' BR! t^'dtlA
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R3PH R* 3T^3S3 RS38 g^fW f3W

T
I fRR 1^3*3 ^ fafefl inRtfV
vfe 3 fjRHd'cS feR
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3^
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f^
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f
fUFR3^
feBfa?^ ^ 3TR5PR M^ lJa ^31
f
^3
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^f >Xrqrg
^ fRITH 3^, (^)
&&
^3 3SH3
f?|
gl H3R1 7^B
-[$
R^, >>r3
(3)
^R 3^K3 ^ H3? 5* tft *HUS1 3S
7
?!
HT3
3 I faRR^r^ f?R 3TR
^3S ^Hl ^et 3^K3, fRR
f^
fe fefeH
Ur^R^ & fR> ?^ >Hfq^3 3#, M3 fef fRR ^t >H3H fRHRTgt
fef2R ITSBtA^ >H3 ^W R^l
f^3
>H^1 U^, fecS* OT
fRqi^r
St f3>>n3I RT tf33, 1^3^ 3U f^R rf
s
33 R3St Rl I
R3tR
R
7
R
93t
TO Htf83 f?R SBlfR RfW, fR
RT
slR 3U fgR fefsiPRS 3
fR0
T
35f fui5f3 Rl 3, fRR
Rt
fg ^^^ 33 Pt R
7
!
*H.G. Rawlinson, The British Achievements in India, London,
p.
20-2 1
.
,3
vftaw 3* fe*
{
UAtftited aus et hh u?t i ?**U3 isfes w
RH* ftTUS* fesN*-f3H fefef? V38l>re fe^ UH afe?, R Bt i{53
RHUQ?> feiST R 3*875 R ?> f^H
1
,
ffa f?3 feu
1:
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wri ua* ^ gfw +3 Mfe^gt
^
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^j fo^Hd'?>
feustu feu a far h el RfRurft lg jfer^
ydd'Atv U 5
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1
s^-ydd'csl^ H ug
fa^ 37 fBt, w# se! fen bt fe>HTgi sra?jt g^
fH3? U I feH TJ|-H3* # l[GF3!
ofUS ^t
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at U#, W# 75Ht fen ?}
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f
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fecrau aw, M3 dRfegptfHu feRgfa^fRuar e^e u fa
h 3 yfust ru, ruru rsht
feu, feu feu*u ipr? #, fo fgg fea
mu
T
f$f a#* fa >{%? must 3WHS! 5TO, fu^Rd
'
6 ^t d'HHd'
fu^H35fo*i
I
R^l a, UU iregj 1 w^foal spfegt feg r fgfyfr
(**o Hel, *tf^t) fa,
"tu
RH*. fRU3T fa 5JUH SU TSUf, f#gF, HH fa fe^TS^,
WS PV UJ, R3 SM f?Urg
^
f
fg^ d'tWV
f
f3T3F
^
ht
Ra?w
st33it
i
f^gj fa >hr* o!g tilg iju fest
gf?lu f^u^ ^, ajus ^u ?5fI 3 Mt fiw h ??u^
te'fiftl 3 ^, >hr is (R
r
i m\ fR3^ g^
^u i"
Rut sfo feu u, >h feu >H3hf ^ feuaR?> gtrl f ^UHH?
el >H^ij^ ufafusj? *)Mo?f^>jr ^ br rh
1
feu.a^sH" a^H
rthutr^
1
^ wra tfk>^ 3t r^
1
fen afe et u^r! 3U^ bu us, fa
M3FtF e
1
fueU3f?5
y
3 URWt ffqa*U JrefelSUT* UU3T 3 SUt Ufu^
1
*Hansard, XXV, p.
709-54
unfit
! H3-^ ^5 fen gfe "ra W^fefej >Hfq^g KfeHd'flta
*
HO'ctsH, UsoidS foTljfo^,
(18651936) ty$ HWH H
1
trara-ijfHq 7&\ nt >H3 fen fphut^ ^t fraHc7
^g^ ^ H^re mz$ i
H >>W^t feo? U3T3-feftP>f3 srf^r
f%g
(
foj fegrg
i^r
^
TO* :
">>fu h
-
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5H *>HW f?U wt S^ft
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g^ }
f3 W#, WPsft f3EfGf IfZ^Zmft HTH^fte^
fe7 f&t feRU* VP^S?
Hff
<*t^3 ^ H3[?3T, fesf >H^J fst. Ht. >HH.
, UPWW
ufo
3,
fee? vhhcT &^?> feu 5U?^ Ht, 77/e Z,o^r Dominion.
fen uhhc? ^t B37 ifu
crcral (argumentum ad populum) feu itf
fsr >>fiu*
5?r futjjre^ 3?# fen gra ut wrc ^w u, forffu mist
f
>w M'U *
H-HtF I P3H-fejFH ut SU? U I H WcjU fe'
IS >fa*> to? to fireHHT^ 3 oTSTF U^Sfe ?P?5 sfe' 5 B
MU^l UBH *7U3^ U33l Eul HF HH^ fet TO, W3 WH? fef'
offijf 3 H?&
fc7 7jT
fueiT3Ts HHUtU f UU o^ feT tj >H
?<* t hs ?>
T
& ul fen
fus
*pii at^gr, 3* fd^Hd'6 ^
tfara*
uc us vrc #. fpife fer^r
ottj'ftid 7i ue\ i
3U3ictfP 3 fUBF?3T?>

Ur^r^
^f
^rgi
fg fjftt {if
ugt
feg
flTHt Dfe>H
f
H fe^ feu 1&& IW:
**
"ftfeRcPJ^H*
^ WHU^ feg {R^t Herat,
^J
t
3H^t feg wr^t g
M
fcff >H3
fs* ^ P^ddi md
'
fegf
*
See.
"
Recessional", originally published in The Times, London,
on the 17th July, 1897, on the occasion of Queen Victoria's
Second Jubilee:
"Far-called our navies melt away

On dune and headland sinks the fire

Lo, alt our pomp of yesterday.

Is one with Nineveh and Tyre."
**
"In their prosperity will be our strength, in their content-
ment our security and in their gratitude our best reward."
OT3* R3?3H fe
5
?*?^ 5
i"t
rs ^tg'i feu f3)ra strs >3yu y*R ufef, fRR H>my*
fafeTraratw
f
Ry^y yog
f*!
(local selfgovernment)
grRyJjy ^s^s # wfyyu fei git i to st^d f%3, y?
fuVRd<sW >3 ijrafo3sr wjtef* 3 fey jtoI wry, sfau fsWte
>HRhTRS, 8^3 feu SHTCt, fRR H* fy wy W3?, fgUR^sW
D5f feu
y^grg
yu^T f3
?>i
fegq 143353 gi^gfaHtw
SB
sra^f r1 1 to ^tte feu, 3&f feu 'scras star' gst M3 r
FPH HU3
T
R 'HUiR?> H3' M3 'It Uflttifl >*RRlRff' SpfeH U$,
fiw u* f^H fe te^Ra?i#

?>t
3 >*y ur u
gTR
*jfg
feu ^y
3*
#y 3*gr fw&s w ywz yy^* rJ i ^.d URgy, *ttM
,
ngr sgr po-to fuuR3
T
si, fusRsra ^y ^y sw R^fa*
3 yfefoy* gy feu, yy^ feys ye j| # 3 fu3>H5
sr^s ototr ut slij gyl 1
fey fiROT ofidTR
5, fHH ?> fg TO Htf85 f S 5f MR US,
u fegf*ef
"
?y fouro^ ut u^hh toto! uhI u 1
yyl fey fuyvl ftrBR^Tj fat
4
wrsw slgr $ yg fyw H
ynlffe f^g3 fat
1
fUR HSoft
?%t
u
T
yyifey yfeM^ feu
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T
d 1
fe"s!>TO 3TO& yJgjR S* uTr* ?fgRBT
RH'tflH RU RUgrR
fel
yfew
w fn feg, yugute #cran! ui w^l feu, HRwre
3*1
rw to 1 y^am u fen ?tbr feg y? mnuW gfet htuTm'' grel^
h wgr 3*
<*tf- orulf rt
R^t#, yg fins*
^5
T
M^fe ^? feo
feoTS^r #
fy yy
feRT^T cftgjg
^r
fgsRH^ ^ U5fH3 >K
Br^_
3^gr

fey wul fyeR3?<tf y^rslH'g i >HfyyTgf

^s #
^rf^T
9, fRR ^
?rgj_f
g f^ yg-fgrasf ^
^ feg gf , HRHRW ^1
5ggHgRt >ny m 3ly^
yy| 1 feu F?yg
5iy
fe^^ fy mru g^r
yfg^a3?> 1 yrgg^t |y-gyr &%*
fazst wvfm >h ^^-^33
fyf" ^ 3?, ^R3^ f?3 feu fue utr
ut u#gi
r
i^: feu feurg
y,
f
"In their prosperity will be our strength, in their content-
ment our security and in their gratitude our best reward."
feu Hi, fe fb^ ffln M H*w1mi
i^ f& ^ fg9 f^ ^fgB5 u'ti jfap
HHHHW 3
gf
3* {i;st{f faH?ji
5?<feH 33 S?k', fasj feg
4
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3*33t ^H S3T3 H3
r
Ht, faR
H$f?3t
l{fRCT
3HW3T3 HRfoH
%&, H3 HGT5 (foHH R3 I
R3 HGTH >wfOH St H^S eifHt>tf3, # ^ g ggj^
^
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*"According1y, the leading noble (Sheikh Farid) having
been sent by the others
as their representative, came to the
prince (Salim) and promised in their names to place the King-
dom in his hands, provided that he would swear to defend the
Law of Mohamet."
Du Jarric, Father Pierre, Akbar and the
Jesuits, London,
1626, p. 204.
**Maktubat. I. No. 81. p. 106.

(Letter written to Jahangir

Qulikhan, alias Lalla Beg of 4000 military rank). Urdu, op. cit.
\Ibid. I. No. 193. (Letter written to Murtza Khan). Urdu, op. cit.
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influence of Mujaddid on the fickle minded emperor."
Dr. Mohd. Yasin, M.A., Ph., D.,
A Social History ofIndia, Lucknow, 1958; p. 171.
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Islamic rule in India are of secondary importance but the
primary objective explained in them is still the Jihad against
the Sikh tyranny." Aziz Ahmed, Islamic Culture in the
Indian Environment, Oxford, 1964, p. 215.
2
Hussain B. Tyabji, Badruidin Tyabji, Bombay, 1954, p. 203.
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1
Quoted in R. C. Majumdar's,
Three Phases of
India's
Struggle
for Freedom, Bliartiya Vidya Bhavan, Bombay, 1960,
p. 20.
2
"The religious Order of Islam is organically related to the
social Order which it has created. The rejection of the one
will eventually involve the rejection of the other.
Therefore, the
construction
of a polity on Indian national lines, if it means a
displacement of the Indian Islamic principle of solidarity, is
simply unthinkable to a Muslim."
3
"For the setting up of sovereign Muslim states in the North-
western and Eastern Zones of the subcontinent,
where the Muslims
constitute the majority of the
population."
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Government of India are in
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fag,
ffi
;
i
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fa
* *.
. . .the Muslims fear that if the provinces are not free and
autonomous, there will always be a danger of undue and unwarran-
ted interference from the Centre, which will be dominated by Hindi."-
sofar as the Hindu majority provinces are concerned, the>
will be *on velvet' the whole lime."

Speech by Punjab Premkr..

Sir Sikandar Hyat Khan in debate on Demands
for Grants in Punjab
Legislative Assembly, on II March
y
1941.
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"
(
I have been stabbed and
kind words will not stop the bleeding.)
*
The brave Sikhs of the Punjab are entitled to special
consideration. I see nolhing wrong in an area and a set-up in the
North wherein the Sikhs can also experience the glow of freedom.
t
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el URel ag^3I T'
(Muslims niether desire division of the
country nor separation from Hindus. The Hindus do
not wish to defile themsehss by the Muslim touch and
are determined to turn them out of the country.
Tfae future
historian will support me in this).
SiF
i wfew u" (Whenever Gandhi has met me, he has done
*o with the intention
to cheat):
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