Consuls are state agents residing abroad to represent commerce, navigation, and protect nationals. There are two types of consuls - consules missi who serve full-time and consules electi who serve in addition to other jobs. Ranks include consul-general, consul, and vice-consul. Duties include protecting interests, promoting relations, observing conditions, and issuing travel documents. Appointment requires letters patent from the sending state and exequatur authorization from the receiving state. Consuls have immunities like inviolable documents and freedom of movement. A consular mission can terminate due to withdrawn authorization, state extinction, war, or usual termination of relations.
Consuls are state agents residing abroad to represent commerce, navigation, and protect nationals. There are two types of consuls - consules missi who serve full-time and consules electi who serve in addition to other jobs. Ranks include consul-general, consul, and vice-consul. Duties include protecting interests, promoting relations, observing conditions, and issuing travel documents. Appointment requires letters patent from the sending state and exequatur authorization from the receiving state. Consuls have immunities like inviolable documents and freedom of movement. A consular mission can terminate due to withdrawn authorization, state extinction, war, or usual termination of relations.
Consuls are state agents residing abroad to represent commerce, navigation, and protect nationals. There are two types of consuls - consules missi who serve full-time and consules electi who serve in addition to other jobs. Ranks include consul-general, consul, and vice-consul. Duties include protecting interests, promoting relations, observing conditions, and issuing travel documents. Appointment requires letters patent from the sending state and exequatur authorization from the receiving state. Consuls have immunities like inviolable documents and freedom of movement. A consular mission can terminate due to withdrawn authorization, state extinction, war, or usual termination of relations.
Consuls are state agents residing abroad to represent commerce, navigation, and protect nationals. There are two types of consuls - consules missi who serve full-time and consules electi who serve in addition to other jobs. Ranks include consul-general, consul, and vice-consul. Duties include protecting interests, promoting relations, observing conditions, and issuing travel documents. Appointment requires letters patent from the sending state and exequatur authorization from the receiving state. Consuls have immunities like inviolable documents and freedom of movement. A consular mission can terminate due to withdrawn authorization, state extinction, war, or usual termination of relations.
Consuls- state agents residing abroad for various purposes but mainly in the
interest of commerce and navigation and no in political matters
Issuance of visa (permit to visit his country) and such as are designed to protect nationals of the appointing state Kinds of Consuls 1. Consules Missi - Professional or career consuls who are required to devote their full time to discharge their duties - Nationals of the sending state 2. Consules Electi - Perform consular functions only in addition to their regular callings - May or may not be nationals of the sending state. Ranks: 1. Consul-General heads of several consular districts, or one exceptionally large consular district 2. Consul takes charge of small district or town or port 3. Vice-consul assists the consul 4. Consular agent usually entrusted with the performance of certain functions by the consul Duties: 1. Protection of the interests of the sending state and its national in the receiving state 2. Promotion of the commercial, economic, cultural and scientific relations of the sending and receiving states 3. Observation of conditions and developments in the receiving state and report thereof to the sending state 4. Issuance of passports and other travel documents to nationals of the sending state and visas or appropriate documents to persons wishing to travel to the sending state 5. Supervision and inspection of vessels and aircraft of the sending state Appointment two or more documents are necessary before the assumption of consular functions 1. Letters Patent 2. Exequatur the authorization given to the consul by the sovereign of the receiving state, allow him to exercise his function within the territory. Immunities and Privileges: 1. Inviolability of their correspondence, archives and other documents 2. Freedom of movement and travel 3. Immunity from jurisdiction for acts performed in official capacity 4. Exemption from certain taxes and customs duties
Immunities and privileges are also available to the members of the consular post, their families and their private staf
Waiver of immunities may be made by the appointing state
Termination of Consular Mission:
1. Withdrawal of the exequatur 2. Extinction of the state 3. War 4. Usual ways of terminating official relationship Severance of consular relations does not necessarily terminate diplomatic relations (question for the quiz)