avTandil arabuli

istoriuli tendenciis gamovlenisaTvis

dialeqtTa TviTgamijvnis procesSi

enaTmecnierebaSi kargad aris cnobili dialeqtTa (enobrivi) sazRvris

zolis `gardamavali", `Sereuli" buneba; araerTi naSromi mieZRvna amgvar
zonebSi mimdinare interferenciul movlenebs. amave dros, rogorc Cans,
amgvar regionebSi gamovlenili urTierTgavlenis, urTierTSerevis
universaluri kanonzomiereba ar aris erTaderTi tendencia am mi-
marTulebiT. TiTqmis aseve regularulad, Tumca garegnulad nakleb
intensiurad, Tavs iCens sapirispiro tendenciac _ dialeqtTaSorisi
(enobrivi) sazRvris SenarCunebisa, urTierTgamijvnisa. Tu pirveli tenden-
cia enobriv qvesistemaTa Tanaarsebobis obieqturi, Sinagani
kanonzomierebaa, meore SemTxveva dialeqtis matarebeli (enobrivi) jgufis
gacnobierebul, Segnebul tendencias warmoadgens.
amgvarad, mosazRvre dialeqtebis ganviTarebis process awonasworebs
urTierTsapirispiro enobrivi tendencia _ gavlena_Serevisa da mijnis
SenarCunebisa, gamijvnisa. es _ `dapirispirebulTa erTianobis" _ kanoni
ganapirobebs, erTi mxriv, sazRvris zolis erTgvar difuziur bunebas,
meore mxriv ki _ `TviTgamijvnis tendencias" (jorbenaZe, 1989, gv.37),
sazRvris mudmivi SenarCunebis, `sazRvris kontrolis" cnobier tendencias.
dialeqtTa TviTgamijvnis tendenciis gamovlinebis enobriv ilu-
straciad miiCneva is SemTxvevebi, rodesac erTi dialeqtis warmomadgeneli
meore dialeqtis specifikur Taviseburebebs `amxilebs", anu dialeqtebs
Soris `sasazRvro samanebs" adgens. aseT `sasazRvro samanebad",
Cveulebisamebr, moxmobilia am dialeqtebs Soris arsebuli gansxvavebuli,
specifikuri enobrivi movlenebi. erTi SexedviT, amgvari enobrivi movlenis
Tavisebureba raime niSniT (warmomavlobiT, qronologiuriT...) gan-
sazRvruli TiTqos ar unda iyos. magram Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom,
rogorc aRiniSna, `TviTgamijvnis" movlena cnobieri tendenciaa,
mosalodnelia mas aseve garkveuli `sakontrolo orientirebi", mimarTuleba
gaaCndes; e.i. amgvar SemTxvevebSi `makontrolebeli", `samanebis" damdgeni
`sakuTarisa" (misaRebis, kanonieris) da `sxvisas" (dauSvebelis, miuRebelis)
gamijvnisas istoriul (an raime sxva) tendencias amJRavnebdes. amgvari
tendenciis dadasturebisas SesaZlebloba gveqneba vilaparakoT ara marto
movlenis cnobier bunebaze, aramed mis garkveul analitikurobazec
(istorizmis tendenciis gamovlinebaze da misT.).
amgvar msjelobas rom obieqturi safuZveli moepoveba, aSkarad adas-
turebs ramdenime sxva SemTxveva, gansakuTrebiT ki swored istoriulad
orientirebuli xalxuri poeturi koine, romelsac SesaZlebelia
siRrmiseuli kavSiri hqondes `TviTgamijvnis tendenciasTan".
zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, amgvari movlenis warmoCenisaTvis ufro
sagulisxmoa is SemTxvevebi, romlis drosac enobrivi qvesistemebis
(dialeqtebis) sazRvris `makontrolebeli" saorientaciod iRebs ara
wmindad dialeqtur, aramed diaqroniul, anu enis istoriuli ganviTarebis
sailustracio faqtebs; sxvisi `dauSveblis" sakuTar `normasTan" mimarTeba,
saorientaciod aRebul enobriv erTeulTa `wona" istoriuli sazomiT aris
gansazRvruli; amdenadve, konkretul SemTxvevaSi `enobrivi kontrolis"
procesSi monawileobs ara mxolod dialeqturi `ambicia", aramed ufro
mniSvnelovani movlena _ istoriuli enobrivi mexsiereba.
am TvalsazrisiT zemoaRniSnuli TviTgamijvnis tendencia istoriuli
andrezis (zepirgadmocemiTi sibrZnis) erT kerZo gamovlinebad SeiZleba
miviCnioT.
sakiTxis gasaazreblad sagulisxmo ilustracias warmoadgens a.SaniZis
mier Sedgenil `xevsurul poeziaSi" (SaniZe, 1931, #678) asaxuli erTi
leqsi, romlisTvisac Semdgenels saTauric zedmiwevniT zustad SeurCevia
_ `xolme da meTqi". leqsis Sesabamisi fragmenti swored `enobrivi
kontrolis" miswrafebas gamoxatavs:
 `me ki Camave kaxeTa, kldeT magiera xenia...
`xolme" da `meTqi" sityvani saTqmelad sakvirelnia".
am fragmentSi istoriul perspeqtivas da `normatiul" tendencias
amTlianebs `sakontrolo" sityvebi: `winidge" _ `xolme" da `meTqi" _
`sakvireli"...
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am konkretuli enobrivi akrZalvis (TviTgamijvnis)
tradicia im asakisaa, ra xnovanebisac aris `xolme" da `meTqi" nawilakTa
genezisi qarTuli enis kiloebSi da, ukidures SemTxvevaSi, xevsuruli
dialeqtis sazRvarze maTi, rogorc `safrTxis", gamoCena.
aqedan gamomdinare, analogiur SemTxvevaSi saTanado yuradRebas mo-
iTxovs Sesabamis enobriv erTeulTa gavrcelebis istoria. `istoriuli
leqsikonis" arqonis pirobebSi amgvari monacemebis sizusteze saubari
SeuZlebelia, magram `orientirebis" SefardebiTi moniSvna mainc SeiZleba.
xolme nawilakis variantebad SeiZleba miviCnioT `vefxistyaosanSi"
dadasturebuli xole (815,3; 1481,4), xvalme (127,4; 739,3) da xolme
(1611,1). Tumca, konteqstTa mixedviT am nawilaks jer kidev ar uCans zus-
tad is semantikuri datvirTva, rac Semdgom periodSi aris cnobili.
miTiTebul konteqstTagan es nawilakebi, maT Soris xolme, `mxolod",
`barem", `rom" gagebas Seicavs (Sdr. `magra giTxra pirvel x v a l m e , seni
me mWirs raca Wirad", 127,4). mxolod xole-s erT konteqstSi Cans
`xolme" Sinaarsi: `esegvarsa nuodes iq, saqme x o l e gaicade, aw miTxar,
Tu ras ityodi, Tqvi da sityva gaakvlade!" (815,3). nawilakis xolme
varianti `indo-xataelTa" ambavSi vlindeba, misi semantikac saegeboa: `viaji,
momkal me xolme, yvelai Cemi bralia" (1611,1). `vefxistyaosanSi" nawilakis
variantebad gamovlena iZleva safuZvels vivaraudoT, rom ufro adrec
aris mosalodneli misi arseboba. kerZod ki, misi gamoCena (funqcionaluri
gansazRvra) ukavSirdeba xolmeobiTis kategoriis moSlas qarTulSi, rac,
faqtobriv, mTel Zvel qarTul saliteraturo enas gasdevs. amdenad,
xolme-s mijna, pirobiTad, XI s-is aqeT ver gadmoiwevs. sagulisxmoa, rom
xevsuruls xolmeobiTis zmnuri kategoria SenarCunebuli aqvs.
nawilakis variantulobave iZleva safuZvels gamoiTqvas varaudi misi
genezisis Taobaze. kerZod, xole_xolme mimarTeba formalurad imeorebs
Ture_Turme istoriul mimarTebas (ix. arabuli, 1984, gv.139-144), anu
adasturebs -me nawilakis darTvas pirvandel monacemze. xolo xvalme
varianti gvavaraudebinebs nawilakis Zireul kavSirs val- zmnur fuZesTan,
romelic Zireulad aris Semcveli `mravalgzisobis" semantikisa.
sxvaTa sityvis nawilakebi qarTuli enis ZeglebSi sxvadasxva dros
Cndeba: -o adridanve, ukve `grigol xanZTelis cxovrebaSi" (`Tqmul ars,
viTarmed _ arara~ egreT ganarisxebs RmerTsa, viTar meti Sveba~o", _
xanZT. 275,36). X-XI ss. teqstebSi Cndeba -Tqo/-Tqva: hrqua mas: ara mcals,
vidodeT-T q u a " (novel. II, 161,24). -meTqi mogvianebiT, `rusudanianSi"
dasturdeba: `me egre uTxar: _ amis metad ara yuri miTxovebia-meTqi"
(rusud. gv.490).
xevsurulisaTvis niSandoblivia -o (→ -v) nawilaki, magram -Tqo da -
meTqi ucxoa, rasac gamoxatavs kidec moxmobili leqsis fragmenti.
amgvarad, rogorc iTqva, Tu zedmiwevniT zusts ara, amgvari faqtebi
garkveul istoriul tendencias uTuod warmoaCens. Tu ara am `andrezis"
aseTi siZvele (tradicia), aRniSnuli nawilakebi garkveul etapze xevsurul
dialeqtSic damkvidrdeboda da aRarc damowmebuli leqsis _ rogorc
`andrezis" mogviano deklaraciis _ warmoSobis safuZveli iarsebebda.
amitomac amgvari faqtebi uTuod mniSvnelovania istoriuli dia-
leqtologiis TvalsazrisiT da mis gansakuTrebul aspeqts warmoadgens.

SemoklebaTa ganmarteba
1. arabuli, 1984 _ avT.arabuli, mesame seriis nakvTeulTa warmoeba da
mniSvneloba Zvel qarTulSi, Tb., 1984.
2. vefxistyaosani _ SoTa rusTaveli, vefxistyaosani, al.baramiZis,
k.kekeliZisa da a.SaniZis redaqciiT, Tb., 1957.
3. novel. _ Sua saukuneTa novelebis Zveli qarTuli Targmanebi, II, Tb.,
1974.
4. rusudan. _ rusudaniani. _ qarTuli proza, wigni IV, Tb., 1983.
5. SaniZe, 1931 _ a.SaniZe, qarTuli xalxuri poezia, I, xevsuruli, tf.,
1931.
6. xanZT. _ grigol xanZTelis cxovreba. _ Zveli qarTuli moTxroba, Tb.,
1979.
7. jorbenaZe, 1989 _ b.jorbenaZe, qarTuli dialeqtologia, I, Tb., 1989.

Avtandil Arabuli

The Manifestation of Linguistic 'Memory' in the Tendency of Dialect

Self-separation

Summary

The linguistic illustrations of the manifestation of the Self-separation tendency should be

regarded the cases when a representative of one dialect defines 'the unacceptability' of separate
units of an other dialect determining certain 'boundaries' between the subsystems of a
language.
In terms of history it is noteworthy that frequently 'the controller' of the boundary of
linguistic subsystems takes his cue not from dialectal but from diachronic facts.
From this standpoint the above-said tendency of self-separation shuold be regarded as an
individual representation of historical folk wisdom.
The work discusses the concrete cases of this tendency based on the particles xolme and
metki in the Khevsurian dialect.