ADAPTATION OF

INNOVATION AND
CHANGES IN EDUCATION
NORRAIHAN BINTI MOHAMAD SHAH
NOOR AISYAH BINTI ABDULLAH

Pembinaan Negara Bangsa (PNB)

Nation Building
DEFINITION
Building or shaping process of a nation through

rulers power to unite people regardless of race

and location so there exists a federal
(persekutuan), which guarantees political
stability, and can be maintained in a long time.
Noriati et.al (2010)
create a sentiment of one nation, one country

and produce nation that has own image and

PNB objectives (Hasrat PNB)

Build a nation who
has own identity and
image of Malaysia;
local characteristics
Building human capital
covers the complete
process in shaping the
workforce that is
knowledgeable,
ethical, skilled,
competitive and
resilient.

PNB
Objectives

Quality human
resources

Excellent human
capital or first
class thinking of
human capital
that is glokal.

Adaptation
Teacher Training
(Latihan Perguruan)

Teacher Graduation
(Pensiswazahan guru)

Human capital depends on the

teacher training system that offers
teacher training.

MOE had been graduating all

teachers in secondary and primary
schools. Target 100% for secondary
schools and 50% for primary schools
in 2010.

Changes made in teacher training:

Upgrade Maktab Perguruan to
Institut Pendidikan Guru
Teacher Training Curriculum

Programmes:
1. Program Khas Pensiswazahan Guru
(PKPG)
2. Pensiswazahan Guru sekolah
rendah (PGSR)
3. Program Khas Pensiswazahan Guru
Besar (PKPGB)

Curriculum Transformation
Parties

who made changes need to help

community to uphold their vision of an ideal
educational system, assist stakeholders roles in
sharing educational vision and involve all parties
to have interest and involve the new vision of the
transformation.
Jenlink et.al (1996)

Adaptation-MEB
5 system aspirations

6 attributes

11 shifts

Educational system
KBSR

KBSM

KSPK

KSSR

Start from
1982
302 primary
schools
in 1988- all
primary
schools.

In1988 for all

secondary
schools.

In 2010,
Kurikulum
Standard
Prasekolah
Kebangsaan is
started for
preschools.

Start from
2011
SBA
PT3