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Concrete Repair and Protection
Concrete Repair and Protection
Concrete Repair and Protection
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Concrete Repair
Contents
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Importance of Concrete
Deterioration in general
The economic loss related to concrete
deterioration is significant.
Valuable resources must be spent for
concrete repair
Concrete deterioration can endanger the
lives of people
3
The life of a concrete structure
1 $ spent in Phase A
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Reasons for Concrete Deterioration
Concrete as Building Material
What is concrete?
Sand + Aggregate + Cement + Water
+ (Additives) + (Steel)
Mortar Zone
Coarse Mortar
Zone Fine
Concrete
according to
design with normal
cement content
and planned
aggregate
distribution
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Reasons for Concrete Deterioration
Concrete as Building Material
Expansion reaction
Dissolving deterioration
Entrance of chlorides
Carbonation
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Reasons for Concrete Deterioration
Existing before finishing the Building
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Reasons for Concrete Deterioration under
Responsibility of the Designer
Concrete
Composition
Measurements
Building
Shape
Designer
Reinforcement Concrete
Cover
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Reasons for Concrete Deterioration
Existing before finishing the Building
Mistake No. 1:
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Reasons for Concrete Deterioration
Consequences of too high W/C ratio
Too much Water Too many Easy access of Harmful
W/C > 0.5 Pores Substances
Spalling,
Delaminating, Weakening
Cracking of of Concrete
Concrete Components
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Reasons for Concrete Deterioration
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Reasons for Concrete Deterioration Existing
before finishing the Building
Unauthorized a
Reasons for Concrete Deterioration
Existing after finishing the Building
Physical influences
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Reasons for Concrete Deterioration
Existing after finishing the Building
Chemical influences
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Reasons for Concrete Deterioration
Consequences of Carbonation
CO2 enters
concrete Carbonation
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O Alkalinity drops
pH < 12
Spalling, Depassivation
Corrosion of steel
delamination, of steel
cracking of
concrete
Note:
Weakening of Carbonation
concrete usually stops at a
components certain depth
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Reasons for Concrete Deterioration
Consequences of Chloride Attack
Spalling,
Weakening of delamination, Corrosion of steel
concrete cracking of
components concrete
Note:
Chloride attack
does not stop at a
certain depth
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Reasons for Concrete
Deterioration
•Influence of humidity and concrete quality on
critical chloride content
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Damages
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Damages
•Cracking • Spalling
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Measures to achieve good
Quality Concrete
Slump Test
1) Filling 2)
Compacting
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3) Lifting 4)
Measuring
Damage Analysis
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