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LEC 01&02 (Introduction, Vector and Constant Acceleration 061)
LEC 01&02 (Introduction, Vector and Constant Acceleration 061)
(MENG233)
Instructor:
Dr. Mostafa Ranjbar
2) Dynamics
-
F
F
M
x
0
0
F
F
M
x
ma x
ma y
I
Scalars (e.g)
Vectors (e.g.)
distance
speed
mass
temperature
pure numbers
time
pressure
area, volume
charge
energy
displacement
velocity
acceleration
force
weight (force)
momentum
Vectors
Can be represented by an arrow (called the
vector).
F
Length of a vector represents its
magnitude.
Symbols for vectors:
2F
Position
r : Displacement ( Vector )
s : Distance ( Scalar )
River
City
My Place
X
3km
QUT
8 km
For straight-line
Distance = Displacement
s
=
r
Ds
Dr
Distance
Displacement
distance d
Average Speed =
time
t
displacement s
Average Velocity =
time
t
Dx x x o
v
t
t
Velocity (con.)
Instantaneous velocity :
Dr
V lim
Dt 0 Dt
For straight-line
Dr = Ds
ds
v
dt
dr
dt
time
t
displaceme nt s
Average Velocity =
time
t
Dx x xo
v
t
t
# Problem
A particle moves along a straight line
such that its position is defined by s =
(t3 3 t2 + 2 ) m. Determine the
velocity of the particle when t = 4 s.
ds
v
3t 2 6t
dt
At t = 4 s, the velocity = 3 (4)2 6(4) = 24 m/s
Acceleration
V
D
V
V
Average acceleration :
aavg
Instantaneous acceleration :
DV
Dt
Dv dv d 2 s
a lim
2
Dt 0 Dt
dt dt
If v > v
If v < v
Acceleration
Deceleration
Problem
A particle moves along a straight line such that its position is defined by
s = (t3 3 t2 + 2 ) m. Determine the acceleration of the particle when t =
4 s.
ds
3t 2 6t
dt
dv
6t 6
dt
At t = 4
Problem
A particle moves along a straight line such that its position is defined by s =
(t3 12 t2 + 36 t -20 ) cm. Describe the motion of P during the time interval
[0,9]
ds
3t 2 24t 36 3(t 2)(t 6)
dt
dv
a
6t 24 6(t 4)
dt
s
v
a
-20
36
-24
12
0
-12
-4
-12
0
-20
0
12
61
63
30
ds
v
dt
Acceleration a
dv
dt
dt
ds
v
dt
dv
a
a ds v dv
ds dv
v
a
Problem 12.18
A car starts from rest and moves along a straight line with an
acceleration of a = ( 3 s -1/3 ) m/s2. where s is in meters. Determine the
cars acceleration when t = 4 s. (Rest t = 0 , v = 0)
a ds v dv
s
s ds 3 dt
1
3
3s ds vdv
0
0
2
1
3
ds 3 dt
0
2
3
3
s 3t
2
1
3
ds
v
3s
dt
3
1 2
3
(3) s v
2
2
v 3s
1
3
1
3
s (2t )
3
2
dv ac dt
v
dv a
vo
dt
v v0 ac t
ds (v
so
ac t ) dt
1 2
s s 0 v0 t a c t
2
v dv ac ds
v
v dv a
v0
ds
s0
1 2 1 2
v v0 ac ( s s0 )
2
2
v v 2 ac ( s s0 )
2
2
0
Summary
s (t )
ds
v
dt
2
dv d s
a
2
dt dt
a ds v dv
Constant acceleration
v v0 ac t
1 2
s s 0 v0 t a c t
2
v v 2 ac ( s s0 )
2
2
0
Thank you