Hot Water

Density

988.18 kg/

Viscosity

0.0005494 Pa.s

Thermal condition

0.6436 W/m.K

Heat Capacity

4175.00 J/kg.K
Cold Water

Density

995.67 kg/

Viscosity

0.0008007 Pa.s

Thermal condition

0.6155 W/m.K

Heat Capacity

0.0008007 Pa.s

COUNTER-CURRENT FLOW
FT2 = 2LPM
Cold Water Flowrate at TT1 = 40.1 oC
Hot fluid (Tube-side) : Water
Volume flow (L/min)
Inlet Temperature, oC
Outlet Temperature, oC

Cold fluid (Shell side ) : Water

10.0

Volume flow (L/min)

2.0

40.1

Inlet Temperature, oC

47.4

29.7

Outlet Temperature, oC

50.2

1. Calculation On Heat Transfer using heat balance equation :

Heat transfer rate for hot water, Q
= mh Cp T
=10.0

x 988.18

x 4175

x (40.1-29.7) C

= 7151.13 W
Heat transfer rate for cold water, Q
= mc Cp T
= 2.0

= 388.72 W

x 995.67

x 4183

x (50.2-47.4) C

Heat loss
= Qhot-Qcold
= 7151.13-388.72
= 6762.41W
Efficiency
=
=5.44%

2. Calculation of Log Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD) :

Tlm = [( Th,in Tc,out) (Th,out Tc,in)] / ln[( Th,in Tc,out) /( Th,out- Tc,in)]
=

) (
(
(

)
)
)

= -13.55C
3. Calculation of the tube and shell heat transfer coefficients by Kerns method :
a) Heat transfer coefficient at tube side
i.

Cross Flow Area,A

=

=
= 0.0000472
ii.

Total cross Flow Area, At

= At x Nt
= 0.0000472 x 10
=0.000472

iii.

Mass velocity, Gt
=

=
= 349.13 kg/
iv.

Linear velocity, ut

=
= 0.3533 m/s
v.

Renolds Number, Re
=

= 4924.93
Value shows in range of turbulent flow
vi.

Prandtl No, Pr
=

=
= 3.56
vii.

Tube Side Coefficient, hi

=
=
= 2570.36 W

b) Heat transfer coefficient at shell side

i.

Cross flow area, As

= Shell diameter x (Tube pitch-Tube OD) x Baffle distance / Tube pitch
= [0.085 x ( 0.018 0.0953) x 0.05 ] / 0.018
= 0.002

ii.

Mass velocity, Gs
=
=
= 16.60 kg/

iii.

Linear velocity, us

=
=
= 0.01667m/s
iv.

Equivalent diameter, de
=

(pt2 - 0.917d02 )

[ 182 - 0.917 (9.53)2]

= 27.80 mm
v.

Reynolds number, Re
=
=

= 576.4
Value shows in range of laminar flow
vi.

Prandtl No, Pr
=

=
= 5.44
vii.

Shell Side Coefficient, hs

=
=
= 755.5 W

c) Overall Heat transfer Coefficient

i.

Total exchange area, A

= Number of tube x x Tube OD x Length of Tubes
= 10 x x 0.00953 x 0.5
= 0.15 m2

ii.

Overall heat transfer coefficient,U

=
= 3518.40 W/

4. Temperature Profile for counter-current shell and tube heat exchanger

Temperature Profile
60
50
40

T1-50.2
Cold water out

T2-47.4
Cold water in

T2-40.1
Hot water in

30

T1 - 29.7
Hot water out

20
10
0
1

5. Heat transfer coefficient study

hot fluid
cold fluid