(Math)

Power of x.
xn dx = xn+1 (n+1)-1 + C
(n

-1) Proof

x-1 dx = ln|x| + C

Exponential / Logarithmic
ex dx = ex + C
Proof

bx dx = bx / ln(b) + C
Proof, Tip!

ln(x) dx = x ln(x) - x + C
Proof

Trigonometric
sin x dx = -cos x + C
Proof

cos x dx = sin x + C
Proof

csc x dx = - ln|csc x + cot x| + C

Proof

sec x dx = ln|sec x + tan x| + C

Proof

tan x dx = -ln|cos x| + C
cot x dx = ln|sin x| + C
Proof
Proof

Trigonometric Result
cos x dx = sin x + C
csc x cot x dx = - csc x + C
Proof
Proof
sin x dx = -cos x + C sec x tan x dx = sec x + C
Proof
Proof
sec2 x dx = tan x + C csc2 x dx = - cot x + C
Proof
Proof

Inverse Trigonometric

arcsin x dx = x arcsin x + (1-x2) + C

arccsc x dx = x arccos x - (1-x2) + C
arctan x dx = x arctan x - (1/2) ln(1+x2) + C

Inverse Trigonometric Result

dx
= arcsin x + C

(1 - x2)

Useful Identities
arccos x = /2 - arcsin x
(-1 <= x <= 1)

dx
= arcsec|x| + C
x

(x2 - 1)
dx
= arctan x + C
2

1+x

arccsc x =
(|x| >= 1)

/2 - arcsec x

arccot x =
(for all x)

/2 - arctan x

Hyperbolic
sinh x dx = cosh x + C
Proof
cosh x dx = sinh x + C
Proof

csch x dx = ln |tanh(x/2)| + C
Proof
sech x dx = arctan (sinh x) + C

tanh x dx = ln (cosh x) + C
coth x dx = ln |sinh x| + C
Proof
Proof