Ske*t f-{rcss anil, \eadl Loes

Ct,r\sid,e.
c/ m

{-es

0n-rtima*sianaf analyt,ts
(

s;bl< o,.f, etec<Ay {to *

{o,

p+dp,y+dy

Horiz. datum

Frr* tha

n".aa,^e^tx*^ c%t^^+;o

pA- (p*dp)n c"?At (tr*

*l^a!#=

(v+dufn((*
u,L,ooz

u'Af
^()

? ig *he (er;*reter (3yi we4r,z.t*1 thc dz.*s

*hat ArL s n^a{{ , we ob{a,A

+. o(k)td,-: -#^
? : R k {" ra\le A. +6, {.7/"ar.{;. noA;ur)
A"

w\rare-

tor

r,n

car^

(+)=0,.'.

(e tlo.,
l.nts;L

dG.{ +z)= H
ln-tr3ra*;ng

(+ -{rtz,)

(*"4. =,)= #

Thn t.{t .V,and ,',ole p(

+&re abova-

L\uat.^

is 't[,e

nec{y [otc o( thaKe^irlocs,hr,-.

hr,-,-

To

( !-. -.(, \

Fo" any tnuar,\tnbe

e

& R'',

36)

(1 zt)

a. L v arite I ir',eao-ty with i

Eq^atianr (1 3() a^A n.3'l) L&rt bz nEel,
tol l.a*inar onAt,,c.b^lent 1\o* r^ Vipeg
t.

S h"a.

9*ress D ist.,b,atu'or,

Ags"rnptirns

- Sleoiy l[r*

' f4 or iza"*al ? i? e
'lr+F$r< ,",n,fo"* ^f

zvarY ge&'on

llllrrtltttlttttr

*tlnrl
Prfl

r"

4[ I

6s6t ia n

,f *[,*
X f" = p,tt t't
Thts,Tv^{\es

c Ltrr! = O

f.n r
( p, -

f.)t

7!"
[;n eo.

{y w 'th

Th e val,rrc

,1

L iq l'nAK i Prr'c*ut ^t *he w'al.l an /' zro nt tlrz otis.

( P,- P,)R
2.(

Lt ?ip" is {nct,'nel

\z
\

( ?,- ?,- ( qlsrn o{ ) r

T=
2T

1.0

; Viscous shear stress

0.8

_JB
To

0.6
0.4
0.2
0

0
Pipe
wa ll

Turbulent
shear stress

0.2

0.4

J -1R -r-

0.6

r
F

0.8

1.0
Pipe
centerline

Fig. 9.3 'fypical variution ot' shcar' str"css I t't ir tr-rrbulcnt pipcr
flow (to scitlc for' R )' 2 1(X)). Data (R ^-5 x l0r fJ: R 5 x los [--'l) l'r'orn .1. Laul'u'. N.A.C.A. I{cport I17,+. 195.t.

V e\r,,c

it

d,i

,t ti

.,t*io n

' La*inar

aftA s*zad,y
- H ar \zo ntal ilfi e

{to*

. ? re ss.LLrc unito rm al eva-r/

'

ectid;

Uni{o.nn viscasity

t r0Fn

a^/

L=

)!.

/n{,n itio n

&.

r=

dv

viscari{y /^,

dv

thus,
I

- tAd:
dr

-,"1
-V?
v(

ig

tha

dv:

ve(ocit

( e,- p-)

zI,

[t .d.
Jo

at {h e avii

(p,-p.)r'
v = vF4rL

A}

la

paaa|olt
i' "af

ll\/lzoq v efu c;17

ite

J udA
=

-t

dn

uoij(,-ft)r-o.a.
nK'
-_

vp

L
( p,- p.) R'

9rL

(a)

l-[ta.a(

{e

s-r caraEe/- b / {ricf

ia

'a

*v-2
2-3

heaol

"rnt

o ,r"[ t i

?,

(3

{a s s

rJ-.

s <+wortto A
-L

7,

, a
-f+ dv,
23 ^'

r t3*
??

z. + hL (q.t)

?,- ?,

fl,

-z

ot Ve

-ftg

prlv

f.ot cl,^.(a)

EK'
^37 /^Y v

-a
V

,nffi) * 7a
-J

64 !, -v'

R.7-L3

F.,'rti,

,o

u({;.ien{ ( + i s de{.;n"}

^co
\-1
|

{ha rhr eai

-f ha ,"ra ll
gtregs

Lu

n?u-z

'

^s

rs

; -. 2[
I

i?u-z

Br,t h,-=&#
.n, h,
Thig

Jh'

lq

ig calle/,, *h e Dovcy- Wais ba .h eI^^lio ^

-[ern"s

16 r
ct Ke frt la*inar{tr*
r

o{ {he {.te{;

h=
.L
Fram

h.=

Srttlet,tolr", v :

{orto,

+*

lr

!- tt

\a4
^

( q-L)

3zp,Iv

(Jd'
+a
Tid2

,h,-=lzg u!-a
?dr,

d.

n{(3h-"
a: 1?.8lt !.

Ag,fiex- ?oiser.,til!<

el,iation
(1.s)

Note '. S(tr.,a b aol.e 6se (a tuhit. ttlr,erg

".;
Jh e r, I a-f ia ,'.s h i P bzl* eer\ t{"e* is

f
,T
c(

"n tra rn

(6

C{: | -z
n(u

vrt- obta,.,

or

i("

-2

n -l

To'-

atd

To

vx

t(v

(?,g)

l.T

(q +)

'lv

v* ig {ha {-l;4," uuir,ly

Fa, (a^inar

t6
:
C{ ro'

{b*

f:

(+
Ke

Ar
( ?. ro)

?0, \o*iqar t,b^, ,+ 0",1. o{ vis toi,ty I ?a.s ,

*ttn (e-,\|e, o( -(kz t?ip<
tha vo\ocifv
^+ i, 4 5 */, 4A A +]"; vzlo t,(
/ U ,'^ole, d :,nn
,
/tst.ib*tia^ i* parab6{r.. Ca\cnlafu tho r(u^,
elwsr a*^tl,e plp* wall an/, a\rl,., t(, (t^:A
I I o.nr.n 'fr, * dJ pigz u:a [(
.

2.

v= vr(r-ft)
dv

dr
L3
A+ trye

I--o:

ryK'
-r#

vall

2 ltve

A+ y'-/Srnrn

K"

f-= R

2rlx

+'5
0.ts = 6oPa

CIr r:

ax lx +.5x o'ol5
L:
(o'15)"

l(-/

e.lg- o.o7s

: O'075 m

3o?a,

Fxo mrzlP 7

{|";tt flo*r tk.auah A lr0 rqrv\

di^*u|r, hor i z arrta v ioa {t.n ske on strn ss

Wha

nA

?) ' iLt c-ulaIz thz

a-t t[,.n woll is l0 0

fit.(ssur( drop
tpiltz

h, 3ar lena(tr, of t'his

tio"i/

Wha{ I , tf., st,ea, stlpss i^ th,

2g n.nn

(P,- P,) g

7:
Lo

100

P,
A*r

2!=

P,

L:

fu* th, ?iV tet*aelina

(v,- P,)^ O't5

2x 30

= BO I'Pa
(P, - P,)r

)x30

2- !"

= 33-3

go* l03* o.ozs

?o

7x

o^pU

A 50 nn* wa*e, f);W{;ne has t,o

t)czssvrl

ili'rto^ru lul, san thta^ i r

I gtnn an/, *he heiqkt d;((z(z(\ce ic ? nn . l,uhz^

c a ,nn e at

i, r\ s . T[re

a vabaity of 3*fs,
wa\.e1^ft oule ,n?*'anr(
A drifft r"^-t ia ( 'n e\o w elz" ca n{ a in in 4
Mz. wrv an/' wntz, E karur. A rza/tn) o(
t^i+

*[

Lal w\atz

f". 1lo il ip,

-the 1Li.t;r^

(^Ar;

?n/s

P,

e3

vr'
*;4-'

?, + \
z,= ?i

fr

h.=O#+

B*t

"

z,+ h.

z,*zz

f,+ (jh,= P,* (ghr"(-3h

?"h,-h"=e^

\+.7,
h,= { *ft= (t
*L a

')h

{ , (t3.g7- r) x 0.25+ Y #
x 2x1'8r
3"
:

Q'023