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Thiết Bị HDS
Thiết Bị HDS
Thiết Bị HDS
M U.................................................................................................................................................. 3
CHNG I: TNG QUAN V QU TRNH HDS3
I. QU TRNH HYDRODESUNFUR HA ........................................................................................... 4
1.1.Gii thiu chung v qu trnh hydrodesunfur ha (HDS) .................................................................. 4
1.2. Vai tr ca qu trnh hydrodesunfur ha:.......................................................................................... 5
1.3. ng dng ca qu trnh hydrodesulfure ha: .................................................................................... 5
II. C S CA QU TRNH HYDRODESULFURE HA ................................................................. 7
2.1. C s ha hc-ha l ca qu trnh HDS: ......................................................................................... 7
2.1.1. Phng trnh phn ng tng qut hydrodesunfur ha .................................................................... 7
2.1.2. C ch ca phn ng Hydrodesurfur ha: ...................................................................................... 7
2.1.2.1. C ch phn ng Hydrodesunfur ha ca Mercaptanes: ........................................................... 7
2.1.2.2. C ch phn ng Hydrodesunfur ha ca Thiophene: ............................................................... 8
2.2 Cc yu t nh hng n qu trnh hydrodesulfure ha: ................................................................ 10
2.2.1. p sut ring phn ca H2 (PPH). ................................................................................................ 10
2.2.2 Nhit phn ng ......................................................................................................................... 12
2.2.3. Ch s tun hon H2 ...................................................................................................................... 12
2.2.4. p sut ring phn ca H2S.......................................................................................................... 12
III. XC TC HYDRODESUNFUR HA........................................................................................... 15
3.1. Xc tc hydrodesunfur ha trong cng nghip: .............................................................................. 15
3.2.Gim hot tnh xc tc ..................................................................................................................... 16
3.2.1. S gim hot tnh xc tc do ngng t cc .................................................................................. 17
3.2.2. Bin php ngn nga s to cc:.................................................................................................. 18
3.3. Ti sinh xc tc ............................................................................................................................... 18
3.3.1. S th
vic.................................................................. 18
M U
Lu hunh (S) l nguyn t ph binnhttrong du th v v th n , h
ng u hunh l mt ch tiu nh gi cht ng du th. Hu ht cc phn
on du m s u khi chng ct khng th s dng c ngay v chng ln rt
nhiu tp cht v cc hp cht gy ng c vi xc tc, gi
bn v lm
thc hin
di p sut n n
+ H2
+ H2
C=C-C=C +H2S
+H2S
H2S
ng S c trong sn phm n h
ng cho php.
bn v lm
nhi
trong xe
in
t du, cc khu cng nghip, v cc hnh thc khc ca vic t chy nhin
liu.
1.3. ng dng ca qu trnh hydrodesulfure ha:
Sn xut axit sunfuric H2SO4 t u hunh v cc sn phm ph c ly
t cc nh my lc du.Lu hunh s u khi c loi b khi n pht c kt
hp vi h dro to kh hydrogen sulfide (H2S).Trong cc nh my lc du, kh
hydrogen sulfide s u khi c to th nh th c chuyn thnh cc sn phm
ph c
sn phm ph ca cc nh my lc du.
ng dng HDS sn xut nhin liu ng c. Trong qu trnh HDS
distilat du lin kt C-S b ph hu hon ton, lin kt C-C hu nh kh ng b b
gy tc l khng c qu trnh ph hu nguyn liu. iu n
c chng minh
cc, axit v
ng u hunh.
(DBTP),
dimetylbiphenyl(DMBP),
ngng t nh dibenzo
dimetylxyclehexylbenzen
+ H2 C=C-C=C + H2S
+ H2
+ H2S
RH + H2S
Xc tc s dng
Cu trc ca xc tc MoS2:
2. Mercaptane b hp ph ln b mt xc tc:
4. Nhhp ph ca Hydrocacbon:
+ H2
C=C-C=C + H2S
8
+ H2
+ H2S
tng tc HDS v lm
i trong hydro
Thp
Trung bnh
Cao
p sut (MPa)
2,7 4,1
3,4 5,5
4,8 8,9
p sut H2 (MPa)
1,4 3,1
2,7 4,5
4,5 6,5
LHSV (h-1 )
0,5 1,5
0,5 1,5
0,5 1,0
TGR, SCF/B
< 1000
1000 3000
2500
6000
Khuyt im H2 ,SCF/B < 250
250 500
> 500
Xc tc
CoMo/NiMo/CoNiMo
NiMo
CoMo
v cc oi nit.
to iu
kin cho vic loi b cc cn tr sterically hp cht u hunh alkyl DBT qua
con ng HYD v loi b hiu qu hn cc oi nit c th c ch cc phn
11
dng ca n.
2.2.2 Nhit phn ng
Nhit ca nguyn liu vo phn ng c vai tr quan trng thc y
phn ng hydro ha lm sch. Qu trnh desunfu h tng khi nhit gim.
Trong iu kin thc t th nhit thng l 325 0C.
tng tr lc th ng
12
khi
p sut ring phn ca H2S tng th hot tnh ca xc tc gim. Tuy nhin vi
mt nng rt thp H2S li
13
14
III. XC TC HYDRODESUNFUR HA
3.1. Xc tc hydrodesunfur ha trong cng nghip:
Do qu trnh HDS
oxit)
xc tc cho HDS.
trong cng nghip. Xc tc ny c hot cao trong phn ng ct t lin kt CS v bn nhit c o, do c tui th c o. N cng c hot tnh tng i cao
trong phn ng no h h droc cbon kh ng no v t lin kt C-N v C-O.Ngoi
r xc tc cng cn c hot thp i vi nhng phn ng
C, ngh
t lin kt C-
th ng thng ca qu trnh lm sch bng hydro hot tnh ca xc tc alumocoban-molibden trong phn ng polymer ha hoc ngng t l thp.
Xc tc n
c h
Co v Mo cng nh h
hu nh kh ng xy
ra.
u im ln ca xc tc ny l n hu nh kh ng nhy cm vi cc cht
u c xc tc, c hot hydrodesulfur cao v sc bn c hc cao. Nu cn
tng bn c hc ca xc tc nn thm 5 10% oxit silic .
15
Trong nhng n
s un
xc tc
u o-niken-
o ibden cng c s
sch
V vy khi s dng Ni h
tnh ca xc tc kim loi ch
v qu trnh cc ha
- Qu trnh cc ha :
Hnh 3.7. S hp ph cc ln b mt xc tc
Loi 2: Ct mch bng nhit ca cc dy asphalten v hp th trn trung tm S
b mt.Cc asphanten sa lng hp ph thun ngch:
17
Trong qu trnh
vic th cht xc tc b th
vic.
i. Nhng s th
i tnh cht v do
i n
do s to cc
ngu n iu v kh tun ho n. S th
oi s u:
Nhng th
xc tc h
i c th kh i phc c.
cc th
i do s ng c
Nhng th
c xc tc h
i vnh vin: s th
th
i vnh vin do th
mang.
18
i b
oi trn b
t ring
t cht
trn b
ki
tn hi
cc
Qu trnh t cc :
CxHy + O2 CO2 +H2O +Q
T th qu trnh n
Nhit qu c o dn ti s gi
phn tn c t
b t ch . Nhit qu c o cng
ngi t t
cch gi
cht
nhit xung
ng
ki
2O3
oi do cc phn t n
th
i cu trc. V v
xc tc.
19
20
trn th gii. Cng ngh Prime-D da trn qu trnh HDS v HDA nhm sn
xut Diesel vi vic gim thiu h
gi
Dng nguyn liu cng dng kh H2v dng kh tun hon s u khi c
tr o i nhit vi dng sn phm phn ng v tip tc c v o
t gia
i r s u khi tr o i nhit vi
th bng dung dch amin nhm loi b H2S v tun ho n kh ch phn ng (ch
yu l H2). Dng lng ra t thp tch ph c v o thp chng ct nhm
tch Off-Gas v Diesel sn phm.
Ngoi ra, Cng ngh Prime-D cn pht trin cc cng ngh tng t ch
khc nhau cm thit b phn ng nh: UD-HDS (Utral-Deep HDS) ch x l
su u hunh, Single-Stage HDS/ HDA tc l cng ngh gm 2 phn ng l
HDS v HD nhng trong cng 1 gi i on, v cui cng Two-Stage HDS/
HDA tc l cng ngh gm 2 phn ng l HDS v HD nhng trong cng 2 gi i
on nh trn. So snh v tnh cht ca sn phm v tnh kinh t ca 3 loi
cng ngh trn qua bng 5 sau:
Ch tiu
Single-Stage
HDS/ HAD
Utral-Deep HDS
Two-Stage HDS/
HDA
Sn phm
Sunfua, ppm
<10
<10
<5
T trng
<0.84
<0.834
<0.825
Aromatic,%wt
<2-3
<2
<1-2
Ch s xetan
55
58
58
Tnh kinh t
p sut(MPa)
1.7
2.5
1.7
LHSV (h-1)
0.4
0.25
0.4
22
C -HDS ca CDTech
CD-HDS ca CDTech
cc iu kin
c cao ca
24
25
ng
c ci thin ng thi lm
tng ch s xet n n 5 n v.
Xc tc c s dng trong cng ngh l kt hp ca 2 kim loi Pt/Pd trn
cht mang l SiO2v -Al2O3khng cn cht kt dnh. Xc tc s c hot tnh
mnh hn khi s dng cht kt dnh, cho php cng ngh hot ng iu kin
m
xung.
Nguyn liu sau khi qua cc thit b tr o i nhit, trn vi kh t thp
tch ph v c gia nhit n nhit cn thit trong t trc khi v o
thit b phn ng HDS. Dng sn ph
i r tip tc c v o phn ng
c i chng
i tng,
nhau.
Trn cc tng xc tc thng c cc tng Cer
ic bo v xc tc.
c i v o
t s kh nh khc r khi sn ph
28
cui cng.
90-100
, c ch to t cc p thp c chiu d
it nng di p c c o i vs nh u. Cc p bn ngo i
t
thp
t 150-200
ic
hidro.
Thp phn ng dc trc
theo c ng sut. V thp
i
it
v thng
ph trn v ph di p xc tc
dng kh, p
s n
s xc tc kh ng b
ng theo
to hn, v nh dn.
29
Hot ng:
Trong thit b phn ng dc trc, khi kh ngu n iu nng chu n ng
qua p xc tc dc theo hng trc thp phn ng, khi qu xc tc s c s
chu n h v h hc x r , dng kh s u khi i r khi p xc tc c
ra ngoi.
c im:
+ R tin, cu to n gin
+ Khi tng c ng sut th ng knh v chiu c o thit b tng
tng ng
II.Thp xuyn tm
Cu to:
Cc th ng s thp nh thit b dc trc, nhng
bo khi kh ngu n iu
c dng hi kh,
th nh, gi h i p v c cc ch xc tc.
C ng dn ngu n iu v o v ng trung t
dng sn ph
cn c cc ng xc tc v o v r khi cc h i v.
31
r , ngo i r
Hot ng:
Hn hp hi kh i t ng tip iu s qu cc th nh cc h i v, qu p xc
tc theo phng vu ng gc vi trc c
ri i v o ng trung t
v i r
ngoi.
c im:
+ Cu to phc tp, t tin.
+ Khi tng c ng sut th tng chiu c o thp nn kh ng b chi phi nhiu bi
ng knh thp. V ng knh thp n qu th d x r hin tng tr c cc
b h
qu nhit cc b.
Do nhng u i
v nhc i
ng
dc trc kh ng cn c s dng n v c th
thit b phn ng
ng thi.
kch
thc n hn.
Thit b dng xu n t
vn u vit hn c v n gi
32
c hin tng qu
ted-Bed Reactor )
S cng ngh
Cu to thit b
33
tun ho n b
v o thit b go
sn ph
ri c
thu c di thit b.
34
KT LUN
Qua vic tm hiu cc qu trnh hydrodesulfur ha nh
chng e
thu
35
36