An experiment is carried out by a group of student to study the effect of different

concentrations of salt solution on the volume of urine produced. Three boys with same
body weight and age are selected. They were not allowed to drink any water or taken
any food in two hours before experiment and they were asked to empty their bladder
before starting the experiment. The students were given three different types of
solution to drink as shown in Table 1.1
Student

Type of solution

300 ml mineral water

300 ml of 5 % sodium chloride solution

300 ml of 10% sodium chloride solution

Urine samples of each student were taken after an hour is shown in Table 1.2
Student

a.
b.
c.
d.

g.

Record the volume of urine produced by each student in Table 12

Based on Table 1.3 state two observations on the volume of urine produced
State the inference which corresponds to the observations in 1 (a)(i)
Complete the Table 1.3 base on the experiment that was carried out.
Variables
MV:
RV:
CV:

e.
f.

Method to handle

State the hypothesis for this experiment.

Base on the Table 1.3, construct the table and record the results of this
experiment
which includes the following aspects:

Concentration of sodium chloride solution

Volume
of
urine

collected
Water reabsorbed in kidney
[Water reabsorbed in the kidney = volume of solution intake - volume of

urine collected]
h. On the graph paper provided, draw the graph of water reabsorbed by kidneys
against

i.

the concentration of sodium chloride solution.

State the relationship between water reabsorbed by kidneys and the
concentration of sodium chloride solution based on the graph in 1(e)(ii). Explain

your answer.
j. Based on this experiment, give operation definition of osmoregulation
k. In another experiment, student A was asked to drink 300 ml of water and sit in
the air condition room for an hour. Predict the volume of urine he will produced.
l.

Explain your prediction.

The following list is part of the apparatus and material used in this experiment.
Stopwatch, Sodium chloride solution, Beaker, measuring cylinder,
Mineral water, Urine
Complete Table 1.6 by matching each variable with the apparatus
and material used in this experiment.
Variables
Manipulat
ed
Respondin
g
control

Apparat

Materi

us

al