SOLID FUELS TYPEII

I. Concept

II. Diagram
STACK GAS
FUEL COAL

F
U
R
N
A
C
E

AIR

REFUSE

III. Working Equations

The equation that will be used for solving the theoretical oxygen is:
[

]
Or
[

The free oxygen will be solved using:

The water in the stack gas can be solved using:

Or
(

If the air supplied is saturated, the water in the stack gas can be solved using:

Since there is a residue, it is necessary to compute for the losses, these are the formulas that will be use in solving
the said losses,

The weight of the Cref can be solved using:

The CV lost can be solved using:

Where:

Other formulas that will be used for computing for the losses are:

IV. Sample Problem

SP1. A furnace is fired with coal with the following analysis: 36.3% VCM,49.6%FC, 10.7%Ash, 3.4%M, 1.2%N and 5.1%S. Its
calorific value is 29.5 MJ/kg. Analysis of the wetted residue shows 12%C, 65%Ash and 23%H2O. Dry air is supplied at
27C and 1 atm. The stack gas leaves at 350C,745mmHg with partial orsat analysis of 8.71%CO 2, 1.74%CO and 0.35%H2.
Calculate:
a.) % excess O2.
b.) Complete orsat analysis of the stack gas.
c.) m3 stack gas/kg coal.

Solution Basis: 100 kg. Coal

Stack Gas at 350C,745mmHg

8.71%CO2
1.74%CO
0.35%H2

Air
at 27C,1 atm

B
AIR

Fuel
Coal, 29.5 MJ/kg
36.3%VCM
49.6%FC
10.7%Ash
3.4%M
1.2%N
5.1%S

U
R
N
E
R

Refuse
12%C
65%Ash
23%H2O
Using Calderwood Equation:
%C=5.88+2.206(29.5-0.094(5.1))+0.0053(80-(100(
%C= 70
Using Dulongs Formula:
29.5=0.338(70)+1.44(netH)+0.094(5.1)
%netH= 3.72
%CW=100-70-1.2-5.1-10.7-3.72-3=5.87
Ash Balance:
10.7=0.65R
R=

=16.46

)1.55

Wt. C in the Refuse:

C= 0.12(16.46)=1.97

At C gasified= (
Theo O2=

)=5.669

= 6.923

Let y = xs O2
O2 from air = y +6.923
N2 from air = (y+0.923)(
C Balance:
=(

DSG

DSG =

= 54.249

moles CO2 in SG = 54.249(0.0871) = 4.725

moles CO in SG = 54.249(0.0174) = 0.994
moles H2 in SG = 54.249(0.0035) = 0.19
moles SO2 in SG = 5.1/32 = 0.159
free O2 = y +

= y + 0.7315 = 5.2275

moles N2 in SG = (y + 6.923)(

= 43.00

DSG Balance:
54.249= 4.725 + 0.994 + 0.19 + 0.159 + y + 0.7315 + (y + 6.923)(
y = 4.496
H2O from combustion =

a.) % excess O2 =

- 0.19 +

= 2.186

(100) = 64.94%

b.) Orsat Analysis of SG

CO2
CO
H2
SO2
O2
N2

c.)

4.725 8.71%
0.994 1.74%
0.19
0.35%
0.159 0.29%
5.2275 9.64%
43.00 79.27%

= 29.43

SP2. The following data were obtained during coal combustion: Coal: 13.8% VCM, 74.6%FC, 8.6%Ash, 3%Moisture, 0%N,
1.2%S. CV=32.958MJ/kg, Residue:4%VCM, 40%FC, 56%Ash. Air: 25C, 740 torrs, 80% RH, 50% excess O2. Stack Gas:
300C, 755 torrs,

. Calculate:

a.) Orsat Analysis of the stack gas.

b.) m3 of air/kg coal.

Solution Basis: 100 kg coal

Stack Gas at 300C,755mmHg

Air
50% xs air; 80% RH
25C at 740mmHg

Fuel

B
AIR

Coal, 29.5 MJ/kg

13.8% VCM
74.6%FC
8.6%Ash
3%M
0%N
1.2%S

U
R
N
E
R

Refuse
4% VCM
40% FC
56% Ash
Using Calderwoods Equation:
[

]
[

Using Dulongs Formula:

(

Equating eq.1 and eq. 2,

(

Ash Balance:

(
(

)
)

( )

a.) Orsat Analysis in SG:

CO2
CO
O2
SO2
N2
H2
Total:

5.683
0.568
4.789
0.036
43.511
0.142
54.729

10.38%
1.038
8.750%
0.066%
79.503%
0.259%

(
b.)