Anatomy

By: Wildan Humairah

090600020

Anatomy in Relation to
Complete Denture

Intra-oral
Landmarks

Maxillary
Anatomical
Landmarks

Extra-oral
Landmarks

Mandibular
Anatomical
Landmarks

Border
Structures
Limit Dentures
periphery

Maxillary

Mandibular

Extra-oral Landmarks
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

6.

Nasolabial Sulcus
Mento Labial sulcus
Philtrum
Vermillion border
Angle of the mouth
Modiolus

Extra-oral Landmarks
Nasolabial Angle
Angle between columella of nose & philtrum of lip
Normally, approximately 90 as viewed in profile

Extra-oral Landmarks
Mento labial Sulcus

Extra-oral Landmarks
Mento labial Sulcus

Angle Class II

Class I

Class III

Extra-oral Landmarks
Philtrum
Depression below nose

Extra-oral Landmarks
Vermillion Border
Denture provides lip support
Affects vermilion border width

Extra-oral Landmarks
Angle of the mouth (commicure)

Extra-oral Landmarks
Modiolus

Intra-oral Landmarks
Maxillary Anatomical Landmarks
a.

Labial frenum

b.

Buccal frenum

c.

Labial vestibule

d.

Anterior buccal vestibule

e.

Posterior buccal vestibule

Retrozygomatic space
Coronoid bulge

f.

Hamular notch
Pterygomaxillary notch

g.

Fovea palatini

h.

Vibrating line

i.

Residual alveolar ridge

j.

Palatal rugae

k.

Incisive papilla

l.

Median palatine raphe

m.

Maxillary tuberosity

Anatomy in Relation to Complete

Dentures
Edentulous Maxilla
a.

Labial frenum

Fold of mucous membrane

Does not contain muscle

Labial notch in denture is

narrow

b.

Buccal frenum

Overlies levator anguli oris

May be moved in an A-P

direction by the actions of the
orbicularis oris and buccinator

Anatomy in Relation to Complete

Dentures
Edentulous Maxilla
c.

Labial vestibule

Reflection contains no muscle

d.

Anterior buccal vestibule

Overlies buccinator muscle whose

fibers are downward and forward
and limit the height and thickness of
the buccal flange

e.

Posterior buccal vestibule

Thickness determined by the

masseter muscle

Coronoid process of the mandible

encroaches on the space during
lateral excursions

Labial and buccal flanges of the

denture must contact movable
tissues in order to make a seal

Anatomy in Relation to Complete

Dentures
Edentulous Maxilla
f.

Hamular notch

Pterygomaxillary notch

Does not contain any muscles or

ligaments to interfere with the
addition of pressure with a
postdam

g.

Fovea palatini

2 small pits representing mucous

gland openings

Usually located just posterior to

the vibratingline

Anatomy in Relation to Complete

Dentures
Edentulous Maxilla
h.

Vibrating line

Imaginary line across palate

Connects the pterygomaxillary notches

Posterior Palatal Seal

Area not a line

Functions: border seal, prevent food

impaction beneath, improve retention,
compensate for shrinkage of denture resin

Pressure on displaceable mucosa that

covers palatal glands

Anterior border junction between hard

and soft palate; blow line

Posterior border (vibrating line)

junction between movable and immovable

soft palate; AH line

Anatomy in Relation to Complete

Dentures
Edentulous Maxilla
Denture bearing areas
Residual alveolar ridge

i.

Crest is primary stress bearing area

Fibrous CT least displaceable and best
able to carry the stress of mastication

Palatal rugae

j.

Secondary stress bearing area

Anatomy in Relation to Complete

Dentures
Edentulous Maxilla
Incisive papilla

k.

Guards the incisive canal

Pressure will interfere with the
blood and nerve supply causing a
burning sensation
Provide relief

l.

Median palatine raphe

m.

Maxillary tuberosity
Distal to the maxillary third molar,
the alveolar process ends in a
prominence that is called the
maxillary tuberosity

Anatomy in Relation to Complete

Dentures
Edentulous Mandible
a.

Labial frenum

b.

Buccal frenum

c.

Lingual frenum

d.

Labial vestibule

e.

Buccal vestibule

f.

Residual alveolar ridge

g.

Buccal shelf

h.

Retromolar pad

i.

Pterygomandibular raphe

j.

Mylohyoid ridge

k.

Alveololingual sulcus

l.

Retromylohyoid space

Anatomy in Relation to Complete

Dentures
Edentulous Mandible
a.

Labial frenum

Fold of mucous membrane

Does not contain muscle

b.

Buccal frenum

Overlies depressor anguli oris

(VII)

Movable by the buccinator and

orbicularis oris (VII) resulting in
a wide notch in the denture

c.

Lingual frenum

Overlies genioglossus
(XII)

muscle

Anatomy in Relation to Complete

Dentures
Edentulous Mandible
Labial vestibule
e.
Buccal vestibule

Entire periphery of denture

must end in soft tissues

Stability of denture must

come from the maximum use
of all bony foundations where
tissues are firmly and closely
attached to bone
d.

Anatomy in Relation to Complete

Dentures
Edentulous Mandible
Denture bearing areas
f.

Residual alveolar ridge

g.

Buccal shelf
Bounded laterally by the external
oblique ridge and medially by the
crest of the ridge
Attachment of buccinator muscle
(VII)
Buccal flange rests upon buccinator
and should extend as far as the
tissues permit
Masseter muscle (V3) may crowd
buccinator forward against the
denture causing an indentation at
the DB angle

Anatomy in Relation to Complete

Dentures
Edentulous Mandible
h.

Retromolar pad

Contains:

Retromolar gland

Pterygomandibular raphe

Buccinator muscle

Temporal tendon

Underlying basal bone is resistant

to resorption

Coverage will provide some border

seal

i.

Pterygomandibular raphe

Extends from the pterygoid

hamulus superiorly to the alveolar
ridge
inferiorly
under
the
retromolar gland

Anatomy in Relation to Complete

Dentures
Edentulous Mandible
j.

Mylohyoid ridge

Attachment of mylohyoid muscle

(V3) which forms the muscular floor
of the mouth

Fibers are almost horizontal in front

of the hyoid where they join those of
the opposite side to form a raphe

At the level of the hyoid they pass

almost vertically downward to insert
into the hyoid

k.

Alveololingual sulcus

Slopes toward the tongue to permit

action of the mylohyoid

Length of flange distally compared to

anteriorly is greater owing to the
changed length and direction of the
mylohyoid fibers

Anatomy in Relation to Complete

Dentures
Edentulous Mandible
l.

Retromylohyoid space

DL extension determined by
styloglossus (XII)

Posterolateral extension determined

by superior pharyngeal constrictor
(X) and palatoglossus (X)

Overextension may cause pain on

swallowing

Border Structure that Limits the

Periphery of the Denture
Maxillary Denture

Mandibular denture

Labial frenum.

Facial border anatomy

Labial vestibule

Labial frenum.

Buccal frenum

Labial vestibule

Buccal vestibule
Hamular notch

Buccal frenum
Buccal vestibule

Vibrating line of the soft palate Masseter muscle influencing

area
Retromolar pad

Border Structure that Limits the

Periphery of the Denture
Maxillary Denture

Mandibular denture
Lingual border anatomy
Palatoglossal arch.
Lingual pouch
Sublingual salivary gland
area
Lingual frenum
Lingual border anatomy
Palatoglossal arch.

Denture Support
Foundation area on which the dental
prosthesis rest
Primary
stress
bearing areas

Secondary
stress
bearing areas

Stress
bearing
areas

Primary stress bearing areas

Areas which able to resist the vertical forces of
occlusion

Maxillary arch

Mandibular arch

The crest of the ridge

The buccal shelf of

bone

The flat area of the

palate

The crest of the ridge

Secondary stress bearing areas

Areas resist the lateral forces of occlusion and can
aid the resistance to the vertical forces
Maxillary arch

Mandibular arch

Lateral slopes of
the palate

Anterior ridge.

Rugae area

All ridge slopes

Labial & Buccal

surfaces of the ridge

Relief area
The portion of the denture is reduced to
eliminate excessive presser on specific parts on
the denture supporting tissues
Maxillary arch

Mandibular arch

1.
2.

1.
2.

3.
4.

Incisive papilla
Median palatine
raphe
Torus palatinus
Sharp bony
prominences

3.
4.

5.
6.

Genial tubercle
Sharp mylohyoid
ridge
Torus mandibularis
Crest of knife edge
ridge
Mental foramen
Sharp bony
prominence