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Flywheel: Flywheels-Function Need and Operation
Flywheel: Flywheels-Function Need and Operation
Flywheel: Flywheels-Function Need and Operation
Flywheel
flywheel
energy
when
it
is
and
the
during
an
inertial
serves
supply
the
as
of
energy-storage
energy
period
when
device.
reservoir,
storing
is
than
more
the
absorbs
energy
the
requirement
It
of
during
requirement
energy
is
mechanical
the
and
more
period
releases
than
the
supply.
of
shaft
caused
by
torque
fluctuations.
If
the
source
of
the
called
torque
time
engines
for.
Many
function
with
compressors,
one
punch
to
or
machines
vary
two
presses,
have
over
the
cylinders
rock
load
patterns
cycle.
are
crushers
etc.
that
cause
Internal
typical
are
combustion
example.
the
the
Piston
other
systems
its
angular
absorbs
mechanical
energy
by
increasing
T2
Tm
T1
C D
max
min
Figure 3.3.1
Machine Design II
Design Approach
There are two stages to the design of a flywheel.
First,
the
smoothening
amount
must
of
be
energy
found
required
and
the
for
(mass)
the
desired
moment
of
degree
of
inertia
needed
caters
the
required
and
safe
flywheel
moment
of
geometry
inertia
in
must
be
reasonably
defined
sized
that
package
is
against
Design Parameters
Flywheel
inertia
(size)
needed
directly
depends
upon
the
acceptable
Speed fluctuation
The
change
in
the
shaft
speed
during
cycle
is
called
the
dividing
it
speed
Fl = max min
We
can
normalize
this
to
dimensionless
ratio
by
by
max min
max min
the
Machine Design II
Where
shaft
is
speed
nominal
angular
desired.
This
velocity,
and
coefficient
is
ave
a
the
design
average
parameter
or
mean
to
be
the
cost
and
weight
to
be
added
to
the
system.
However
the
is
typically
machinery
set
and
as
to
value
high
as
between
0.20
0.01
for
to
0.05
applications
for
precision
like
crusher
entire
rotating
hammering machinery.
Design Equation
The kinetic energy Ek in a rotating system
=
( )
1
I 2
2
Im 2max 2min
2
E K = E 2 E1
avg =
( max + min )
2
1
I 2avg
2 s
E 2 E1 = Cf I2
Ek
Is =
2
Cf avg
EK =
Thus
system
the
in
mass
moment
order
to
obtain
of
inertia
selected
)( Cf avg )
Im
needed
coefficient
in
of
the
speed
fluctuation
is
Machine Design II
EK =
Is =
The
Im
above
equation
corresponding
can
to
the
1
I 2avg
2 s
Ek
)( Cf avg )
2
Cf avg
be
used
known
to
obtain
appropriate
energy
change
energy
Ek
Ek
for
flywheel
a
specific
inertia
value
required
change
in
kinetic
is
obtained
from
the
known
@ max
Tl Tavg d = E K
@ min
typical
torque
time
relation
for
example
of
mechanical
punching
the
initially
during
absence
and
can
fly
intermedialty
punching
fluctuation
of
and
be
wheel
and
stripping
noted.
surplus
or
positive
enery
absorbtion
operations.
large
out
the
To
smoothen
enregy
or
is
avalible
negative
energy
magitidue
speed
of
speed
fluctuation
fly
Machine Design II
Torque
Area
+20 073
34 200
Area
+15 388
D
rms
Average
7 020
0
Shaft angle
time t
max
min
Area
-26 105
-34 200
Area
-9 202
360
Figure 3.3.2
Accumulation of Energy pulses under a Torque- Time curve
From
Area= E
Accumulated sum =E
A to B
+20 073
+20 073
B to C
-26 105
-6 032
C to D
+15 388
D to A
-9 202
min
@B
max
@C
+9 356
+154
Total Energy= E @min- E@min
=(-6 032)-(+20 073)= 26 105 Nmm2
Figure 3.3.3
Machine Design II
Torque
Cf =0.05
8730
Average
7020
Time t
Shaft angle
360
Figure 3.3.4
Geometry of Flywheel
The geometry of a flywheel may be as simple as a cylindrical disc of
solid
material,
wheels
with
wheels
are
to
may
hub
solid
requirements
changes
or
discs
and
disc
and
be
of
rim
connected
of
size
of
central
hollow
of
circular
the
hub
spoked
and
construction
by
spokes
cross
flywheel
peripheral
or
section.
increases
rim
like
conventional
arms
As
Small
the
the
connected
fly
energy
geometry
by
webs
Machine Design II
D
D0
do
Figure 3.3.5
D0
The
latter
arrangement
is
more
efficient
of
material
especially
for
large flywheels, as it concentrates the bulk of its mass in the rim which
is
at
the
largest
radius.
Mass
at
largest
radius
contributes
much
more
Machine Design II
For a solid disc geometry with inside radius ri and out side radius ro,
the mass moment of inertia I is
Im = mk 2 =
m 2 2
(r + r )
2 o i
m=
= ro2 ri2 t
g
g
Im =
4 4
r r t
2g o i
equation
is
better
solved
by
geometric
proportions
i.e
by
upon
its
similar
to
assuming inside to out side radius ratio and radius to thickness ratio.
Stresses in Flywheel
Flywheel
being
rotating
distributed
mass
and
attempts
disc,
to
centrifugal
pull
it
apart.
stresses
Its
acts
effect
is
t =
2 3 + v 2 2 1 + 3v 2
r
ri + ro
g 8
3+ v
r =
2 3 + v 2 2 ri2 ro2
2
+
r
r
r
o
i
g 8
r2
to
thick
cylinder
under
internal
pressure
the
tangential
Machine Design II
Radius
t
Tang. stress
Radial stress
r
Radius
The
point
of
most
maximum.
What
stress
at
that
fragments
can
Since
forces
speed
the
also,
interest
causes
point
failure
from
explode
the
inside
in
where
the
of
flywheel
for
where
is
are
the
typically
originated
extremely
stresses
checking
radius
fracture
resulting
causing
instead
is
and
stress
the
is
tangential
upon
fracture
dangerous
consequences,
function
the
stresses,
the
of
maximum
rotational
speed
at
which the stresses reach the critical value can be determined and safe
operating
factor.
speed
Generally
can
some
be
calculated
means
to
or
specified
preclude
its
based
operation
on
beyond
safety
this
Machine Design II
2.2 *103
= 21.88Nm
960
2**
60
Energy supplied= work don per cycle
= 2 * 21.88 * 6
= 825 Nm
Thus the mechanical efficiency of the system is =
600
=
= 0.727 = 72%
825
Machine Design II
Cf avg
538.125
960
0.02 2 *
60
= 2.6622 kg m2
r 2 2
. r ri .t
2 g o
r
Assuming i = 0.8
ro
78500
2.6622 = *
0.304 0.244 t
2 9.86
= 59.805t
I=
t=
2 .6622
= 0.0445
59.805
or
45 mm
t =
r 2 3 + 2 2 1 + 3 2
r
r + ro
g
3+
8 i
78500 2 3 + 0.3
2
2 1.9 * 0.242
.
0.24 + 0.3
9.81
3.3
8
960 2
t = 0.543* 2 *
60
= 55667N / m 2
t =
= 0.556MPa
or if t = 150 MPa
150 *106 = 7961.42 ( 0.4125 )( 0.0376 )( 0.090 )( 0.0331)
= 0.5482
= 16544 rad / sec2
N OS =
yield
= 164.65
16544
32