Hollow Fiber Modules

Membrane Characterization

Latex Challenge Tests

Bubble Point Test

Schematic of the effect of applied gas pressure on gas flow through a wetted
microporous membrane in a bubble pressure test (Meltzer). Reprinted from
Meltzer by courtesy of Marcel Dekker, Inc.

Bubble point measurements; (a) exploded view of filter holder; (b) test
apparatus; and (c) typical bubble patterns produced. From Brock . Courtesy
of Thomas D. Brock

Correlation of P. diminuta microbial challenge and bubble point test data for
a series of related membranes. Reprinted from T.J. Leahy and M.J. Sullivan,
Validation of Bacterial Retention Capabilities of Membrane Filters, Pharm.
Technol. 2, 65 (1978) with permission from Pharmaceutical Technology,
Eugene, OR

An illustration of the model of Williams and Meltzer [7] to explain the

discrepancy between membrane pore diameter measurements based on the
microbial challenge test and the bubble point test. Reprinted from R.E.
Williams and T.H. Meltzer, Membrane Structure, the Bubble Point and
Particle Retention, Pharm. Technol. 7 (5), 36 (1983) with permission from
Pharmaceutical Technology, Eugene, OR

MICROFILTRATION MEMBRANES AND MODULES

Sterile filtration of a small-volume pharmaceutical solution with a 142 mm

plate-and-frame filter used as a prefilter in front of a small disposable cartridge
final filter. From Gelman Science